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Pronunciation:

alternative, adj. and n.

 Brit. /ɔːlˈtəːnətɪv/, /ɒlˈtəːnətɪv/,

U.S. /ɔlˈtərnədɪv/, /ɑlˈtərnədɪv/

Forms: 15 alternatiwe (Scottish), 15–16 alternatiue, 15– alternative.

Frequency (in current use): 

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French alternatif, Latin alternativus.

Etymology: < Middle French alternatif (French alternatif ...

A. adj.

1. Characterized by alternation; alternating, alternate.

1540 in D. H. Fleming Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1921) II. 511 [The] archibischop of

Sanctandrois, and..Williame, bischop of Abirdene, patronis alternative of the said personage.

1594 R. A tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course sig. A3 In the whole worke therfore are represented, the

successiue, or rather alternatiue changes of the whole world, aswell in the higher or superiour, as lower

and inferiour part thereof.

1601 P. H tr. Pliny Hist. World I. . 3 He [sc. the Sun] ordereth the seasons in their alternative

course.

1682 London Gaz. mdclxxxviii/3 Churches where the Collation is alternative between the Bishops and the

Chapters.

1716 H. P Old & New Test. Connected I. . 358 A direction both to the Reader and to the Interpreter

where to make their stop at every alternative reading and interpreting.

1753 London Monthly Mercury Oct. 428 He..regulates the Duration of Days and Nights, and the constant

alternative Course of the Seasons.

1840 Preston Chron. & Lancs. Advertiser 19 Sept. The men and women bathe on alternative days.

1880 A. G Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) 395 Alternative, in æstivation, with an inner whorl alternating with an

outer one.

1911 Amer. Naturalist 45 156 The merely phenotypical phenomena of alternative variability first pointed out

by De Vries, e.g. the alternation of decussated and contorted stems of Dipsacus.

1987 V. W Barmy (1988) 127 And we'll do alternative Sundays, because I like to worship on that day.

2002 S. I et al. Environmental Issues & Policies ix. 234 Cars with odd and even registration number

plates are allowed into the city on alternative days.

2.

a. Of a statement, question, or proposition: consisting of statements

separated by or; that expresses or offers one of two or more things;

disjunctive.

1590 H. S Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes . f. 252 The alternatiue or disiunctiue speech of the

testator..I make A. or B. my executors.

v

Oxford English Dictionary | The definitive record of the English

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1696 T. E Answer G. Keith's Narr. 177 Did he ever know or taken for and, in an Alternative

Proposition or Sentence, as this was, by any that pretended to understand Words?

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. An alternative, or disjunctive proposition is true, if one side or part of it be

true.

1834 A. C Gymnasium (ed. 5) II. 104 Or when it introduces an alternative question, is expressed by

an.

1865 S. H. E Treat. Logic iii. 29 There is yet another form which our judgments may assume, this

being the statement of some alternative, such as, ‘Either Tyndall is wrong, or mechanical force produces

heat’;—which, accordingly, is known as a disjunctive or alternative proposition.

1918 Mind 27 134 ‘Some one of the twelve chosen disciples was a traitor’ yields the alternative proposition

‘Peter or John or James or..was a traitor’.

1999 C. B Intonation Eng. Statements & Questions iv. 83 Questions are standardly classified as either

wh-questions, yes/no-questions, or alternative questions.

b. Characterized by alternativeness or disjunction; indicative or constitutive

of a choice between two or more things.

1681 R. MW Banders Disbanded 20 Alternative promise (or engadgement) is, when..both (to wit the

Alternative parts) are in the obligation, although by performance of either, the whole obligation ceaseth.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Alternative promise is where two or more are engaged to do a thing..though if

either of them discharge it, both are acquitted.

1818 H. T. C Treat. Obligations & Contracts 107 To constitute an alternative obligation, two or

more acts or things must be promised disjunctively.

1863 A. B Eng. Gram. 65 The alternative conjunctions are either—or, whether—or, neither—nor.

1922 Mind 31 502 Thus p-or-q and r-or-s are two constructs out of r and s, p and q, respectively. And both

exemplify the alternative construction.

1998 D. N. S. B in J. H. Hill et al. Life Lang. 375 The pronouns under consideration..occur with the

alternative particle o: ‘or’ or the focusing (additive) particle u: ‘also’.

3.

a. Of one thing or set of things: available in place of another or others.

c1659 Let. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) I. 307 Wee sometime finde Syrup of Violets, sometimes a gentle infusion

of Roses, sometime sennes, sometime Rhewbarbs, sometimes Aloes, sometimes Zallop, sometimes an

alternative potion or decoction only of some pearles produce such sad symptomes.

1824 H. J. S Treat. Princ. Pleading i. 62 If the defendant does not demur, his only alternative method

of defence, is, to oppose or answer the declaration by matter of fact.

1842 T. D Q Mod. Greece in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 120/2 The alternative supposition

presumed him..the merchant.

1877 A. W. K Invasion of Crimea (ed. 6) IV. iv. 50 Who had ready an alternative plan.

1903 G. B. S Man & Superman 196 We have been driven to Proletarian Democracy by the failure of all

the alternative systems.

1948 R. M. P Pop. Gemol. iii. 160 Kyanite... An alternative name is disthene, meaning ‘double strength’.

1999 Campus News (National Univ. Singapore) May 2/2 An alternative scheme allows students to take a

particular module by taking a compressed two-week programme in a university overseas.

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b. Of or characterizing any of various (hypothetical or imagined) realities,

worlds, or realms of existence, differing from our own in trivial or

fundamental ways (esp. in the context of science fiction and computer

games). Cf.  adj. 8.

1939 C. L. M in Astounding Sci. Fiction July 144/2 He was not even thinking as he opened his eyes and

looked into the cube... Ashley had been right. There was an alternative future.

1956 A. C in Galaxy Sci. Fiction June 128/2 Maybe it was some sort of alternative world we saw.

1969 A. B. C Catch Star Winds xiv. 119 So in this alternative Universe of yours,..the Rim Worlds

never got colonized.

1980 Dragon May 3/2 Designers create their own reality with such games, and a better test is how true the

designer has been to the alternative reality set forth in his game.

1994 P. A Stars are also Fire 97 In some hypothetical quantum-mechanical alternative reality.

4. Of two things: such that one or the other may be chosen, the choice of

either typically involving the rejection of the other. Also frequently of more

than two things.

1687 A. S Hind let Loose 480 If these Bonds were Alternative, it should be in the binders choise,

whether to Answer the Court, go to Church, to separate Meetings; Or pay so much money.

1773 Information for John Miller against James Montgomery 8 It was doubly incumbent upon the jury to

determine..which of the two alternative charges of the libel they meant to find proved against either the

one or the other of the pannels.

1790 Rep. Secretary of State on Weights, Meas. & Coins U.S. 18 The Secretary of State thinks it his duty to

submit alternative plans, that the House may, at their will, adopt either the one or the other.

1810 H. B Rep. Supreme Court Pennsylvania 2 149 The remedies given by the deed are not cumulative

as is argued, but they are alternative.

1861 A. B-H Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. I feel bound..to recapitulate the alternative

possibilities.

1876 E. A. F Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 746 I accept the statements as alternative statements.

1903 Psychol. Rev. 10 635 All cognitive consciousness, including even sensation, must be in some sense a

process of reflection—a balancing of alternative possibilities.

1944 Jrnl. Egyptian Archaeol. 30 27 It has been customary to assume that Per-nu and Per-nezer were

alternative names for one and the same building.

2002 Prevention's Ultimate Guide to Women's Health & Wellness xi. 150/2 Whatever the issue is, plan

ahead for it by identifying at least three alternative ways to approach it.

5. Of or relating to activities that represent an unorthodox style or

approach; of a kind purported to be preferable to or as acceptable as those in

general use or sanctioned by the establishment. Cf.  n. 2b,

 adj. 4d.

alternative comedy, alternative energy, alternative medicine, etc.: see Compounds.

1962 Phi Delta Kappan May 363/1 A false dilemma is presented [to the] teacher, who is urged to choose

between..communism as an ‘alternative economic philosophy’ or a ‘system of tyranny’.

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1973 Times 18 May 4/5 An ‘alternative’ prospectus produced by a group of students at Cambridge University

has led to a demand by Professor Alec Deer, the vice-chancellor, that it should be withdrawn.

1978 Peace News 1 Dec. 4/3 The Lucas workers have produced an ‘Alternative Corporate Plan’ demanding

the right to work on socially useful products as an alternative to redundancy and to the production of

armaments.

1984 Listener 14 June 31/4 The demand for ‘alternative’ radio, an alternative to the services offered by the

BBC and IBA contractors, has been clearly demonstrated by the persistence of pirate stations.

2006 Guardian 5 July (Guide Suppl.) 46/1 (advt.) Attract fit M, 40, into old fashioned glamour/manners,

new burlesque, Bettie Page, alternative clubbing, dancing, the arts.

B. n.

1. A proposition containing two or more mutually exclusive statements

separated by or; a statement or offer of two or more mutually exclusive

things; a choice between two or more courses.

1609 H. L & R. P Dutifull Consider. Proofe Relig. v. 208 The alternatiue allowed vnto them by

Protestants, which is eyther to belieue them, or to be humbly silent without condemning them.

1624 W. B Copies Certaine Lett. iii. 71 A long compasse of a sentence..with I know not how many

ampliations and alternatiues.

1721 E. Y Revenge . i. 18 My Lord, you know the sad Alternative, Is Leonora worth one Pang, or not?

1794 W. G Caleb Williams II. iv. 51 I could not endure to think..of that side of the alternative as true.

1817 J. M Hist. Brit. India II. . iii. 107 In the opinion of Clive, there was but one alternative: that of

embracing the neutrality, or instantly attacking Chandernagor.

1848 J. S. M Princ. Polit. Econ. (1865) I. 404 The alternative seemed to be either death, or to be

permanently supported by other people, or a radical change in the economical arrangements.

1852 H. R Eclipse of Faith 422 The brief, simple alternative of Mohamet, Death or the Koran.

1919 W. L Caliph's Design . i. 63 There is..the alternative of the Receptive attitude or the Active and

Changing one.

1949 Social Forces Oct. 59/1 The Association poses the alternative of ‘self-contained towns’ versus ‘suburban

sprawl’.

1998 E. W Saints & Postmodernism viii. 255 A child is offered the alternative of buying a book or

a toy.

2.

a. Either of the two components of an alternative proposition; one of two

possibilities.

1685 P. R Continuation 334 in tr. Platina Lives Popes The Duke proposed two Alternatives, the one was

totally excluded, and the other admitted of so many exceptions.

1710 R. L. L Serm. Preach’d at St. Paul’s 6 As if there were no other alternative but Rebellion or Slavery.

a1754 H. F Jrnl. Voy. Lisbon (1755) 143 Forced to take the other alternative.

a1817 J. A Lady Susan xxxviii, in Wks. (1954) VI. 307 It is impossible to submit to such an extremity

while any other alternative remains.

1858 J. B Message to Congr. 6 Dec. in Wks. (1910) X. 276 I could make no better arrangement, and

there was no other alternative.

1864 J. H. N Apologia 329 There are but two alternatives, the way to Rome, and the way to Atheism.

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1915 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 12 302 Neither alternative appears to be possible.

1970 C. H Philanthropist (1976) . 28 There's only two alternatives, keep it or give it all away.

2002 Sci. Amer. May 28/2 Players..must choose one of two alternatives at each step of the game—for

instance, whether to buy or sell commodity.

b. Any one of more than two different options which may be taken.

1712 Hist. Treaty Utrecht 88 They propos'd several Alternatives.

1798 E  C Earnest & Serious Refl. Urgency Present Crisis 4 No third alternative can possibly

have place.

1803 M. H Female Biogr. V. 155 Three alternatives presented themselves.

1879 W. E. G Gleanings Past Years VII. iv. 192 When in doubt among several alternatives of

conduct, we are bound to choose that which has the greatest likelihood of being right.

1908 Practitioner 81 383 I must quote a case of dermatitis artefacta... The alternatives for diagnosis..were (1)

Some local pyodermic infection. (2) A trophic lesion (?). (3) An ‘artefact’.

1972 G. J Kings, Beasts, & Heroes . i. 8 An elaborate and complicated type of folktale..tolerating a

considerable choice of alternatives by the story-teller without losing its story line.

2000 Econ. & Philos. 16 166 Most people most of the time cannot rank many alternatives open to them.

3. The other or remaining course; an alternative option; a thing available in

place of another.

1705 J. L Money & Trade Considered viii. 113 The Landed Man, by having engadged his Person and Estate

for the Payment of a Species, which is not in his power to perform; and having no Alternative: By the

Law his Person is at the mercy of the Creditor.

1767 L. S Life Tristram Shandy IX. ii. 11 There was no alternative in my uncle Toby's wardrobe.

1836 J. G Christian Atonem. i. 26 Yet law was never so repealed but that it still remained as the

alternative.

1860 J. T Glaciers of Alps . §2. 19 We had therefore no alternative but to pack up.

1867 Buckle's Hist. Civilisation Eng. (new ed.) III. iii. 146 A fate compared to which death would have been a

joyful alternative.

1910 L. D. B in N.Y. Times 22 Nov. 8/2 As an alternative to the practice of combining to raise rates

and hence to increase prices, we offer cooperation to reduce costs.

1965 W. T Boarding-house v. 52 The alternative would be to stand, for there were no other empty

seats.

1999 Odds On Feb. 38/1 There are two ways to lock-in a profit. The first is simply to close out... The

alternative is to use a technique..called a stop-loss.

4. Alternating course, alternation; an instance of this. Now rare.

1732 G. B Alciphron I. . xvi. 111 The actual enjoyment is very short, and the alternative of Appetite

and Disgust long.

1783 J. W in Philos. Trans. 1782 (Royal Soc.) 72 317 They bear sudden alternatives of heat and

cold.

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1807 O. G tr. R. J. Haüy Elem. Treat. Nat. Philos. I. . i. 158 Timely alternatives of serene and rainy

days.

1866 J. D Nature & Bible in Agreement with Protestant Faith 89 A power that would of itself

have..deprived the moon also of her ruling power for describing the various seasons consequent upon

the alternative of day and night.

1910 N. C. M Evol. Living Purposive Matter . i. 29 We have, in fact, what seems to be a habit built

into the living protoplasm by the alternative of night and day.

5. A person who or thing which represents an unorthodox style or

approach; esp. a fan or performer of alternative music; (also) alternative

music as a genre. Cf. sense A. 5, alternative music n. at Compounds.

1982 New Musical Express 25 Sept. 38 The main music scene opened its arms ostentatiously to the

Alternatives so the ranks of the charts were filled with bewildered souls stunned by commercial success.

1984 Times 31 July 10/3 The soft punks and the new romantics and the alternatives and the posers..are

massaged by music which depends for its impact as much upon producer as upon the artist.

1990 Health Guardian Nov. 1/1 This was not an alternatives versus the medics debate.

1992 Buffalo (N.Y.) News 23 Aug. 5/1 Alternative includes the gothic sound of Peter Murphy, the humour of

the Barenaked Ladies and everything in between.

2002 J. H Sonic Cool 496 Dinosaur made a unique impression during that whole transitional era

between Hard-Core and ‘alternative’.

C

 alternative birth n. originally U.S. childbirth in which intrusive

technology is avoided and the delivery occurs at home or in a similar natural

environment (frequently attributive); a birth that occurs in such a setting.

1976 Times (San Mateo, Calif.) 19 May 11/4 Perhaps the most important feature of the alternative birth center

is that labor, delivery and recovery all occur in a single room.

1987 Los Angeles Times 14 Sept. . 2/1 The alternative birth movement of a decade ago forced hospitals to

expand delivery departments to include birthing centers.

1995 M. D. G Amer. Med. (1998) iii. 71 The state's response to the popular demand for alternative births

through the introduction of certified training progams and licensure in midwifery.

2006 News Let. (Belfast) (Nexis) 6 May 4 The maternity team are taking facilities, including a birthing pool,

across the west to satisfy curiosity about alternative births in the area.

 alternative birthing n. originally U.S. the practice or fact of alternative

births; cf. alternative birth n.

[1976 Argus (Fremont–Newark, Calif.) 10 June 4/2 A bill..requesting a state committee be set up to study

alternative birthing methods.]

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1977 Modesto (Calif.) Bee 19 Oct. 3/3 Alternative birthing isn't foolproof. Of the first 300 deliveries which

begain in the alternative birth center, 90 wound up in the hospital's regular delivery room.

2005 R. K. R Birthing Fathers iv. 128 Physicians who sought to integrate aspects of holistic birthing into

conventional delivery first promoted alternative birthing.

 alternative comedian n. a person who performs alternative comedy.

1981 Sunday Times 13 Sept. 32/5 Throughout, Alexei Sayle, the alternative comedian, had sat in the aisle

spurning the bourgeois comfort of a seat.

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Apr. 33/3 The post-Thatcher era has wrested comedy from the grip of the politicized

alternative comedians and, via Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer, allowed it once more to be silly.

 alternative comedy n. a style of comedy which rejects certain established

(esp. racist or sexist) comic stereotypes, and is typically characterized by a

left-wing political stance.

1980 Time Out 17 Oct. 30/5 Alternative comedy has come of age and you have nothing to use but your chains.

2006 Time Out N.Y. 7 Sept. 167/2 Kurt Braunholer and Kristen Schaal host darlings of the alternative-comedy

scene in their extra-roomy whirlpool.

 alternative country n. originally U.S. country music with an unorthodox

style, often incorporating elements of rock.

[1985 Los Angeles Times 13 Oct. (Calendar) 58/3 The Men made their concert debut at an event called the

Alternative Country Festival that year.]

1990 Chicago Tribune 20 May . 30/4 On a lot of dates, Triad has begun teaming Southern Pacific with

Restless Heart... ‘This is a perfect evening of entertainment, because it's alternative-country that

complements really nicely.’

2001 Observer 21 Oct. (Review section) 14/2 It's been called Americana, neo-country, and alternative country,

and it was born—depending on who you ask—when the American grunge movement died, when the

angelic country soul singer Gram Parsons declared his vision of ‘Cosmic American Music’ in the late

Sixties, or when Hank Williams first strapped on his two-dollar guitar.

 alternative dispute resolution n. chiefly North American the use of

methods such as mediation or arbitration to resolve a dispute without resort

to litigation.

1980 N.Y. Times 1 Jan. 22/5 The new rules ‘governing alternative dispute resolution by arbitration’ became

formally effective Wednesday.

2004 T. R Myth Moral Justice xiii. 242 Alternative dispute resolution, known as ADR, offers an

alternative to traditional civil litigation.

 alternative energy n. [perhaps originally shortened < alternative energy

sources and similar phrases, rather than a simple qualification of  n.]

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energy obtained from a source other than conventional or fossil fuels (usually

excluding nuclear energy); spec. energy obtained in a way that does not

deplete the earth's resources or otherwise harm the environment, such as

wind, solar, or tidal energy.

[1956 Geogr. Rev. 46 281 A chapter on natural gas is followed by two chapters devoted to alternative energy

sources—coal hydrogenation products, shale oil, water power, and..nuclear and solar energy.]

1975 Sunday Times 30 Nov. (Mag.) 75/4 There are all the signs of Alternative Energy burgeoning into a big

business.

1980 N.Y. Times 27 Sept. . 32/2 Wheelabrator-Frye will be uniquely capable of providing engineering and

technical expertise as the world moves toward alternative energy and synfuels.

1995 Sci. News 6 May 274/3 A community in Vermont that will save more than $1 million by converting to a

wood chip heating system in its local high school and a large-scale wind project in Iowa are just 2 of the 75

active alternative energy scenarios profiled in this guide.

2003 AMC Outdoors Mag. Oct. 23/1 A buzzword in alternative-energy circles, ‘biomass’ refers to vegetation

and products that come from it.

 alternative fuel n. a fuel that is an alternative to that usually used, esp. a

fuel for motor vehicles other than the usual ones of petrol and diesel; (in later

use) spec. such a fuel that reduces the emission of pollutants or the use of

fossil-fuel resources.

Alternative fuels include natural gas, electricity, and biofuels.

1906 Horseless Age 6 June 859/2 The effect of the free alcohol bill, which will go into effect at the beginning of

1907, will ultimately be to furnish the motorist with an alternative fuel.

1924 Nature 14 June 866/2 Excluding benzol..alternative fuels of greatest promise include ‘tetralin’

(tetrahydronaphthalene), which, mixed with benzol and alcohol, was used considerably by the Germans

during the war.

1960 Biogr. Mem. Fellows Royal Soc. 6 48 The use of liquefied methane as an alternative fuel to petrol.

1991 Impact (UNESCO) 41 98 Alternative fuels such as ethanol and methanol have gained ground in

California as part of a strategy to achieve air quality standards.

2006 Observer 21 May (Business section) 5/4 The real opportunity of bioethanol is that it represents the first

realistic alternative fuel that will pave the way for other technologies.

 alternative fuel vehicle n. a motor vehicle designed to run on a fuel

other than petrol or diesel, such as natural gas, methanol, or electricity, esp.

with the aim of reducing the emission of pollutants or the use of fossil-fuel

resources; abbreviated AFV.

[1977 Christian Sci. Monitor 3 June 1/3 It's the third annual Mt. Washington hill climb for alternative-fueled

vehicles to be run this year, June 23–25. From steam, electric, and flywheel engines—to a diesel that runs

on waste cooking fats.]

1979 Establishment Public Transportation Trust Fund Program (Hearings before U.S. Congr. House Public

Works & Transportation Comm.) 77 Newark, New Jersey... Research is being conducted into alternative

fuel vehicles (propane, electric, gasohol).

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2000 N.Y. Times Mag. 16 July 3 (advt.) A team of designers created the look that is turning heads in the U.S.

and overseas, for Toyota's breakthrough alternative fuel vehicle, the Prius.

2005 C. D. A & J. A Electr. & Hybrid Cars v. 157 The most commonly reported problem in

the acceptance of Alternative Fuel Vehicles in fleet use is the lack of infrastructure, including a lack of

fueling stations.

 Alternative Investment Market n. Stock Market a subsidiary market of

the London Stock Exchange, on which the shares of small growing companies

can be traded without the expense of a full market listing; abbreviated AIM.

The Alternative Investment Market replaced the unlisted securities market (see Unlisted Securities Market

n. at  adj. 2) in 1995.

1994 Daily Tel. 2 Sept. 25/1 Called the Alternative Investment Market, it should have as its crest caveat

emptor, since it appears to fill the gap between investing in a buy-and-forget blue chip and putting the

money on the 3.30pm at Kempton Park [Racecourse].

2007 Independent 29 Nov. (Extra section) 10/1 This month, the company announced that it plans to float on

the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) just a year after taking its first order.

 alternative lifestyle n. a way of life that departs from traditional norms.

1968 N.Y. Times 16 Feb. 20 A loose coalition of antiwar, antidraft and radical left groups that profess their goal

to be ‘to build a new kind of America’ by setting up ‘alternative life styles’ to the present ones.

1982 I. G in N.Z. Listener 29 May 67 There is another non-rigid non-school with what in today's

language we could call an alternative life-style.

2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Apr. . 22/5 Joe Solmonese, president of the Human Rights Campaign,

said..that describing sexual orientation as an ‘alternative lifestyle’ is outdated.

 alternative medicine n. medical practice encompassing various

techniques regarded as unorthodox or scientifically untested by practitioners

of conventional Western medicine; cf.  adj. and n. Additions

g.

Such techniques are of varying age, provenance, and demonstrable efficacy, and include acupuncture,

chiropractic, herbalism, homeopathy, hypnotherapy, osteopathy, and reflexology (some of which have been

accepted by conventional medicine).

1974 H. K (title) Other healers, other cures: a guide to alternative medicine.

1975 Annistion (Alabama) Star 24 Apr. 1/1 Homeopathy does have a basis in the writings of Hippocrates... It

is also a form of alternative medicine revived to vigorous life in the tide of dissatisfaction with orthodox

faiths and practices.

1983 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 30 July 307/1 One of the few growth industries in contemporary Britain is alternative

medicine.

1990 N.Y. Woman Apr. 14/2 Don't miss this month's..amazing selection of women practicing alternative

medicine and finding healing power in acupuncture, reflexology and various ‘postural reeducation’

techniques.

2004 Daily Tel. 21 Sept. 18/2 Complementary and alternative medicine, or CAM, is now used by 25 per cent of

the adult population in Britain.

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 alternative minimum tax n. U.S. a federal tax introduced in 1969 and

intended to prevent wealthy individuals or companies from avoiding the

payment of income tax through deductions and credits; abbreviated AMT.

1969 Casa Grande (Arizona) Disp. 14 July 4/5 The National Federation of Independent Business, in its poll,

found that 54 percent of the respondents object to..an alternative minimum tax for persons with

substantial income.

2003 D. L. S Wall St. Words (ed. 3) 287 Except for nonprofit college and hospital bonds, interest from

tax-exempt private activity bonds is subject to the alternative minimum tax.

 alternative music n. originally U.S. popular music which is considered to

be unorthodox or outside of the mainstream; spec. = alternative rock n..

[1978 N.Y. Times 21 May . 37/8 Jazz. In concert. Alternative Music Ensemble.]

1978 Washington Post 15 Oct. 2 He played the Rogue and Jar and the One Step Down before heading north to

the Zu Manifestival of alternative music in New York.

1996 Music Week 27 Apr. 4/1 Just as in the US where so-called alternative music..is now the mainstream, indie

music in the UK is now far too broad and popular to be shoehorned into a category defined by

distribution.

2007 Clash July 117/2 The Bongos were formed back in the mists of time in Hoboken, New Jersey and, along

with their peers REM, set out the template for much of the alternative music (‘college rock’) to come out of

the States in the 80s.

 alternative practitioner n. a person who practises alternative medicine.

1981 Which? Aug. 473/3 Many alternative practitioners prefer the terms complementary or supplementary

therapies for their work.

2002 J. C. W Nature Cures Pref. p. xii Long before the word ‘holistic’ had been coined and glorified as

a ‘new paradigm’ for healing, alternative practitioners were advocating a philosophy of healing that was

nothing if not ‘holistic’.

 alternative press n. originally and chiefly U.S. (usually with the)

newspapers, periodicals, etc., produced independently of, and offering

alternative points of view to, the popular or mainstream press.

1969 Press-Telegram (Long Beach, Calif.) 18 Sept. 1/4 The chancellor's office should encourage alternative

press on the campus.

1989 T. C. B If River was Whiskey 4 He'd had a little paragraph in Barbed Wire , the alternative press

weekly handed out on the street corners.

2003 Time Out N.Y. 12 June 14/2 Recounting his journey from conservative Sandusky, Ohio to the West Coast

alternative press.

 alternative right n. (in the United States) a right-wing ideological

movement characterized by a rejection of mainstream politics and by the use

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of online media to disseminate provocative content, often expressing

opposition to racial, religious, or gender equality; cf. - n. 2.

2008 www.takimag.com 1 Dec. (Internet Archive Wayback Machine 4 Dec. 2008) (heading) The decline and

rise of the Alternative Right.

2016 Guardian (Nexis) 1 Apr. The ‘alternative right’ had a racial animus now emboldened by Trump's

xenophobia, [he] said.

2017 Commentary Dec. 17/2 The most unpleasant of those forces has been the so-called alternative right, or

‘alt-right’.

 alternative rock n. originally U.S. rock music characterized by an

unorthodox or uncommercialized style or approach, esp. as distributed by an

independent record label.

1975 Billboard 16 Aug. 41 (advt.) Alternative Rock. Beautiful Music. Classical M.O.R. Choose one. Your station

will make money.

1986 Los Angeles Times 19 Jan. (Calendar) 74 Listeners..loyally supported the Long Beach-based station's

eclectic, alternative-rock play list.

2000 C. H. H & R. D. H in D. Zillmann et al. Media Entertainm. x. 181 They grouped the videos

into eight types of music (rap, soul, country, heavy metal, pop, classic rock, alternative rock, and other).

 alternative science n. (a) study or research that is claimed as scientific

but is not generally accepted as such; a subject of this kind; = 

n. 1, 2; (b) science practised in such a way as to minimize harm to the

environment and the use of natural resources; cf. alternative technology n.

1981 Times 12 Oct. 9/1 The Institute of Noetic Sciences, which researches into ESP, parapsychology and

alternative science.

1993 T. S in T. Brante et al. Controv. Sci. . 256 The stop-side's science image is (as opposed to Big

Science) that of an ‘alternative’ science, one less technologized,..on a more human scale, and..morally

responsible.

1998 Cosmopolitan (U.K. ed.) Aug. 46/3 Alternative science explains premonitions..by comparing them to the

effect of a pebble hitting water and sending out ripples. The shock..sends psychic energy ripples back into

the past where some people pick them up.

2006 R. V Harbingers Global Change (2007) x. 171 Over 54 per cent of respondents said that following

alternative science will prevent India from catching up with the developed countries.

 Alternative Service Book n. (the name of) a book containing the public

liturgy of the Church of England in modern English, published in 1980 for

use as an alternative to the Book of Common Prayer (1662); abbreviated

A.S.B. (see ASB n. at A n. Initialisms).

The liturgy ceased to be authorized by the Church of England on 31 December 2000 and was replaced by

Common Worship.

[1979 PN Rev. 13 40/1 The General Synod of the Church..now has the power to create new liturgies and even

an Alternative Services Book.]

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1980 (title) Alternative Service Book.

1981 Ripon College Cuddesdon Newslet. 3 Our staple diet of daily offices and daily..eucharist..continues, but

now with the Alternative Service Book providing the forms of service.

1998 Funeral Service Jrnl. July 52/1 The plans are part of a new liturgy called ‘Common Worship’ which is due

to replace the Alternative Service Book in the year 2001.

 alternative society n. (in early use) a society different from that which

actually exists; (later) a way of life or set of people with values and habits

which purport to be preferable to those of established society.

1941 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 2 400 It accepted the capitalist order, without desire or ability to propose an alternative

society.

1968 Winnnipeg Free Press 31 May 5/3 The New Left seeks to create an alternative society, one whose

institutions would promote non-materialistic values.

1969 It 13 June 21/3 Brother Simon Tugwell is planning a 3-day talk-in on the alternative society.

1971 Times Lit. Suppl. 31 Dec. 1621/5 Sorel, like Nietzsche, preached the need for a new civilization of makers

and doers, what is now called a counter-culture or an alternative society.

1975 D. L Changing Places v. 164 A middle-aged parasite on the alternative society.

1998 B. E Blast from Past (1999) xx. 125 The whole of alternative society had been galvanized by the

confrontation between Mrs Thatcher and the miners.

 alternative technology n. any form of technology which (esp. in contrast

to a mainstream alternative) achieves its desired aim whilst minimizing harm

to the environment and the use of natural resources; such technologies

collectively.

1972 Ecologist Jan. 8/2 The invention, promotion and application of alternative technologies which are energy

and materials conservative.

1987 Green Cuisine Feb. 54/2 Renewable energy techniques..provide most of the power to run The Centre for

Alternative Technology (CAT).

1991 Whole Earth Rev. Summer 133/3 Computers are not alternative technologies. They are energy

consumptive and lock a person into the system of Earth destruction.

2008 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 1 Sept. 6 They [sc. businesses] want long-term carbon prices that are

high enough to make alternative technologies profitable, not just for energy production and transmission,

but also for energy efficiencies in buildings, transport, agriculture, mining and manufacturing.

 alternative therapy n. = alternative medicine n.; (also) a particular

therapy of this kind.

1974 Homeotherapy Oct. 4 It has a special name to distinguish it from official medicine, and is considered an

alternative therapy because official medicine rejects its principles.

1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 17 May 46/1 I don't rule out alternative therapy: if you want to try other things like

acupuncture or diet, feel free to explore them.

2003 S. B Murder in Museum xxi. 169 Though a great believer in the efficacy of alternative therapies,

Jude knew when conventional medical intervention was required.

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 alternative verdict n. Law a verdict in which the accused party is found

not guilty of an offence as specifically charged, but guilty of a lesser offence.

1823 Scotsman 15 Mar. 175/3 There was no room for the alternative verdict of culpable homicide.

1938 Mod. Law Rev. 2 229 This new definition of the words ‘the child had recently been born’..appears to be

made for all purposes and not merely for the purpose of an alternative verdict of concealment upon the

acquittal of a woman upon an indictment for infanticide.

2011 Plymouth Herald (Nexis) 5 Dec. 9 The judge..has begun to sum up the case to the jury, offering them an

alternative verdict of manslaughter if they can not agree upon the charge [of murder].

 alternative vote n. a system of voting in which the voter ranks the names

of the candidates in order of preference (abbreviated AV); cf. preference

voting n. at  n. Compounds.

[1868 Times 4 Mar. 8/5 The returning officer would proceed..to receive votes for any one candidate until his

return had been secured, after which the votes of electors desirous of returning him would be transferred

to the person to whom they had given the alternative vote.]

1908 Times 3 Jan. 5/3 Far preferable is the amended form [of the second ballot], called for the sake of

conciseness the system of alternative vote. This system..has the added value of being a simple education in

preferential voting of the easiest kind.

1910 Rep. Royal Comm. Elect. Systems (Cmd. 5163) 3 The Alternative Vote. Here the voter is invited to

arrange the candidates in the order of his choice by placing the figures 1, 2, 3..against their names.

1926 C. G. H & G. H. H Proportional Representation x. 483 Such a preferential ballot is provided

under the single transferable vote used as a majority system, known in Australia simply as ‘preferential

voting’, in Great Britain and Canada as the ‘alternative vote’.

1966 Listener 25 Aug. 289/3 He could be freed from this bondage..through the introduction of the alternative

vote.

1997 A. B This Time vi. 199 If the proposal is endorsed, Londoners will then be able to vote in elections

for the Mayor using a form of alternative vote.

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