Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-2_03-cv-00143/USCOURTS-caed-2_03-cv-00143-31/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 535
Nature of Suit: Habeas Corpus - Death Penalty
Cause of Action: 28:2254 Ptn for Writ of H/C - Stay of Execution

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

RAYMOND EDWARD STEELE, 

Petitioner, No. CIV S-03-0143 GEB CKD

vs. DEATH PENALTY CASE

WARDEN, San Quentin

 State Prison, 

Respondent. ORDER

 /

In February of this year, the court set deadlines for motions for discovery and for

an evidentiary hearing. (Dkt. No. 172.) In April, the Supreme Court issued Cullen v. Pinholster,

131 S. Ct. 1388 (2011). Simply put, the Court in Pinholster restricted the federal courts’ review

under 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1) to the record that was before the state court. On April 15, the court

ordered the parties to brief the impact of Pinholster on the procedures for factual development of

petitioner’s claims. (Dkt. No. 173.) They have done so. (Dkt. Nos. 178, 179, 180.) For the

reasons set out below, the undersigned finds the interests of judicial efficiency are best served by

requiring petitioner to submit points and authorities addressing the section 2254(d) standards

along with any motion for discovery. 

/ / / / 

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I. Background

In July 2005, petitioner filed a mixed petition in this court. (Dkt. No. 47.) These

proceedings were stayed to permit petitioner to raise his unexhausted claims in state court. (Dkt.

Nos. 73, 84.) After the California Supreme Court denied the exhaustion petition, petitioner filed

an amended petition here in May 2007. (Dkt. No. 93.) Respondent filed an answer in September

2007 that alleged, among other things, a number of procedural bars. The court ordered briefing

on the procedural bar issues. Those issues, and petitioner’s motion to strike portions of the

answer for inadequately pleading non-retroactivity under Teague v. Lane, 489 U.S. 288 (1989),

were heard in January 2009. In 2010, the court held that no claims are procedurally barred and

struck a number of respondent’s assertions of Teague. (Dkt. Nos. 151, 164.) 

Under the court’s existing procedures, the next phase of this case would permit

petitioner to seek factual development of his claims through discovery, further investigations,

expansion of the record, and/or an evidentiary hearing. (Dkt. No. 90.) To that end, on February

7, 2011, the court set deadlines for filing motions for discovery and for an evidentiary hearing. 

(Dkt. No. 172.) Shortly after Pinholster issued, however, the court ordered the parties to file

briefs “on the impact of [Pinholster] on these proceedings and, in particular, on the discovery and

motion for an evidentiary hearing contemplated in the court’s February 7, 2011 order.” (Dkt. No.

173.) 

II. Pinholster

On April 4, 2011, the Supreme Court issued Cullen v. Pinholster, 131 S. Ct. 1388

(2011). The Supreme Court examined the lower courts’ grant of habeas relief which was based

in part on evidence presented at an evidentiary hearing in the federal district court. The Court

held that when a state court decides a habeas claim on the merits, the federal court’s inquiry

under 28 U.S.C. §2254(d)(1) is limited to the record before the state court. 131 S. Ct. at 1398.

When the evidence obtained at the federal evidentiary hearing was excluded from consideration,

the Court held the state court’s decision was not an unreasonable application of federal law and

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reversed the grant of habeas relief. Id. at 1401-02. The Court’s holding did not directly apply to

review under section 2254(d)(2), which permits a federal court to grant habeas relief where the

state’s adjudication of the claim “resulted in a decision that was based on an unreasonable

determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding.” 

However, the Court’s decision references the fact that the language of subsection (d)(2)

specifically limits review to the state court record.1

The Supreme Court explained that an evidentiary hearing may still be appropriate

where the state court did not adjudicate the claim on the merits. 131 S. Ct. at 1400-01. It further

noted: “we need not decide whether §2254(e)(2) prohibited the District Court from holding the

evidentiary hearing or whether a district court may ever choose to hold an evidentiary hearing

before it determines that §2254(d) has been satisfied.” Id. at 1411 n. 20. In his concurring

opinion, Justice Breyer added that an evidentiary hearing would be appropriate after it has been

determined that the state court decision was unreasonable, to allow petitioner to prove his claims. 

Id. at 1412-13. The Court did not discuss how its holding would affect other factfinding

procedures used in habeas corpus cases, such as investigations, discovery, or motions to expand

the record. 

III. Analysis

In his briefs, petitioner makes a series of arguments. He starts by asserting that

Pinholster has no impact on the good cause requirement for discovery or the statutory standards

for determining when an evidentiary hearing is appropriate. (Dkt. No. 178 at 2-8.) He points out

 The Court in Pinholster described (d)(2) review as limited to the state court record: 1

“Pinholster and Justice SOTOMAYOR place great weight on the fact that § 2254(d)(2) includes

the language ‘in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding,’ whereas §

2254(d)(1) does not. The additional clarity of § 2254(d)(2) on this point, however, does not

detract from our view that §2254(d)(1) also is plainly limited to the state-court record.” 131 S.

Ct. at 1400 n. 7. Courts to have considered this issue since Pinholster agree that the limitation of

review to the state court record also applies to review under section 2254(d)(2). E.g.,

Coddington v. Cullen, No. CIV S 01-1290 KJM GGH, 2011 WL 2118855 (E.D. Cal. May 27,

2011). 

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that the Supreme Court explicitly decided not to decide “whether a district court may ever choose

to hold an evidentiary hearing before it determines that § 2254(d) has been satisfied.” (Dkt. No.

180 at 5.) Petitioner concedes, however, that he “may not use any facts he develops in federal

court to ‘overcome the limitation of §2254(d)(1).’” (Id. at 9.) He further states that the federal

court’s inquiry under section 2254(d)(2) is similarly limited to the state court record. (Id. at 10.) 

Petitioner argues discovery would be appropriate to develop facts that may render

a claim unexhausted. (Dkt. No. 180 at 6.) Petitioner cites Conway v. Houk, No. 2:07-cv-947,

2011 WL 2119373 (S.D. Ohio May 26, 2011) as support. Conway provides only limited support. 

The magistrate judge in Conway permitted the petitioner to file a motion for discovery because

“Pinholster did not, strictly speaking, alter or even speak to the standards governing discovery set

forth in Rule 6.” 2011 WL 2119373, at *3. The judge went on,

Were the Court to permit discovery only after it appears that

Pinholster would not bar consideration of new evidence, the Court

would be adding months of delay to the proceedings, a result that

could be avoided by simply permitting discovery that otherwise

appears to be warranted under Rule 6. The Court recognizes the

downside of its position—namely the possibility that time and

money will be expended in the discovery of evidence that this

Court might never consider. That is a risk the Court is willing to

take. In a death penalty habeas corpus case, the Court prefers to err

on the side of gathering too much information rather than too little.

Id. at *4. The judge pointed out that discovered information will not necessarily be presented to

or considered by the court. Id. at *3. However, the judge noted that some courts have indicated

that should the petitioner satisfy section 2254(d), “a federal court may consider additional

evidence to determine whether habeas corpus relief should issue.” Id. (citations omitted).

The judge in Conway addressed the petitioner’s representation that “‘[w]hen all

of the factual development is completed, Petitioner intends to ask the Court to hold these

proceedings in abeyance while he returns to state court to exhaust all of the new facts that he

identified during the litigation in this court.’” Id. at *3. The judge did not, however, approve

that procedure. The judge simply stated: “Without expressing an opinion on the propriety of

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such a procedure, the Court notes that, should Petitioner exhaust additional claims based on new

facts in the state courts, then Pinholster would not preclude this Court's consideration of those

facts.” Id. The judge further warned the parties: 

[N]othing in this order should be construed as suggesting that

Petitioner's discovery requests will be granted, that Petitioner will

be entitled to a stay and abeyance under Rhines v. Weber, or that

Pinholster will not preclude expansion of the record or an

evidentiary hearing relating to information gleaned through

discovery permitted by this Court.

Id. at *4. See also Gapen v. Bobby, No. 3:08-cv-280, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 62177 (S.D. Ohio

June 10, 2011) (only available on LEXIS) (similar reasoning by different magistrate judge in the

same district as Conway court).

Other federal judges have required satisfaction of section 2254(d) as a prerequisite

to discovery. See Lewis v. Ayers, No. CIV S 02-0013 KJM GGH, 2011 WL 2260784 (E.D. Cal.

June 7, 2011); Coddington v. Cullen, No. CIV S 01-1290 KJM GGH, 2011 WL 2118855 (E.D.

Cal. May 27, 2011); Fong v. Ryan, 2011 WL 3439237 (D. Ariz. Aug. 5, 2011); Hurst v. Branker,

2011 WL 2149470 (M.D. N.C. June 1, 2011). In Coddington and Lewis, Magistrate Judge

Hollows questioned whether a federal court could “ever find good cause for federal habeas

discovery . . . if it could not be put to use in federal court at an evidentiary hearing or otherwise.”

2011 WL 2118855, at *2 (citation omitted). He rejected the petitioner’s suggestion that

discovery could be appropriate to “elicit facts which could be used for (re)exhaustion purposes in

state court.”

The suggestion that federal discovery can be utilized to develop a

record for state court purposes (or return to state court for more

exhaustion) turns the entire federal habeas process on its head.

Requiring full development of all issues in state court before

arriving at federal court is the goal of exhaustion and AEDPA. To

place the federal courts in the position of a handmaiden to the state

courts, i.e., the fact developer, would require an entire revamping

of federal law. The undersigned understands that informal

investigation may be used to identify new claims for exhaustion at

the inception of a federal habeas case, but that is a far cry from

using formal discovery to do so. Moreover, the discovery in this

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case will be utilized, not for the purpose of identifying “missed”

 claims, but rather to further develop claims that have been extant

for years.

Id. at *2, 3 (citations omitted). 

This court need not decide at this point whether discovery is appropriate to elicit

evidence to render a claim unexhausted. Nor need the court decide now that petitioner must

satisfy section 2254(d) as part of the good cause requirement for discovery under Habeas Rule 6. 

The only issue the court must decide at this point is a procedure for going forward. Respondent

argues that the section 2254(d) issues should be resolved before any factual development is

permitted, but given the enormity of the amended petition, resolving section 2254(d) issues will

be extremely time-consuming. Because of the age of this case, and its underlying crime and 2

trial, however, the court recognizes that if any factual development is appropriate, it should occur

sooner rather than later. 

Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED as follows:

1. The deadlines for discovery motions and for a motion for an evidentiary

hearing set out in the February 7, 2011 Order are lifted. 

2. By November 30, 2011, petitioner shall file any motions for discovery. In

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addition to demonstrating good cause under Habeas Rule 6, any motion for discovery shall

include: (a) argument on whether satisfaction of the 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d) standard is a necessary

part of the good cause showing for discovery; and (b) points and authorities showing that the

section 2254(d) standard is satisfied, based on the state court record, for every claim upon which

 The amended petition is almost 600 pages long. (Dkt. No. 93.) It contains 68 claims, 2

many of which have numerous subclaims. 

 Unlike the limitation set out in the February 7 order, this deadline applies only to filing 3

discovery motions. It does not apply to the hearings on those motions or on any motions to

compel compliance with discovery. In addition, the court realizes that, should petitioner be

permitted to take discovery or permitted at a later date to present evidence, follow-up discovery

motions may be necessary. Any motions outside the deadline must, however, be follow-up

motions. Petitioner is expected to seek all known discovery by the November 30 deadline. 

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petitioner seeks discovery. Within forty-five days of service of petitioner’s discovery motion,

respondent may file an opposition. Within thirty days of service of the opposition, petitioner may

file a reply. The court will schedule argument if necessary.

3. Within twenty days of the filed date of this order, Mr. Giannini shall submit

under seal a proposed budget for his anticipated work through the filing of the discovery reply

brief.

Dated: September 8, 2011

_____________________________________

CAROLYN K. DELANEY

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

steele pin.or2

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