Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_15-cv-00653/USCOURTS-caed-1_15-cv-00653-2/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 950
Nature of Suit: Constitutionality of State Statutes
Cause of Action: 28:2201 Constitutionality of State Statute(s)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

Defendant Zack Scrivner seeks dismissal the complaint filed by Richard Williford pursuant to 

Rule 12(b)(1) and Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (Doc. 10.) Because Plaintiff 

fails to allege facts sufficient for the Court to determine that it has jurisdiction in this matter and 

Plaintiff fails to identify a claim or state facts sufficient for the Court to determine he has suffered 

harm, Defendant’s motion to dismiss is GRANTED. 

I. Factual and Procedural History

In his complaint, Plaintiff alleges Defendant “intruded into the operations of Mountain 

Meadows Community Services District” by removing a seated Board Member of the District and 

appointing a new Board Member. (Id. at 1-2.) According to Plaintiff, this has action has caused the 

“District financial harm without cause,” by affecting “employees (sic) wages, taxes, insurances and its 

obligations to long term contracts, debts, and every day operating costs.” (Id. at 2.)

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RICHARD WILLIFORD,

 Plaintiff,

v.

ZACK SCRIVNER,

Defendant.

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Case No.: 1:15-cv-00653 - KJM - JLT

ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION 

TO DISMISS AND DISMISSING THE 

COMPLAINT WITH LEAVE TO AMEND

(Doc. 10)

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II. Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1)

A. Legal Standard

The district court is a court of limited jurisdiction, and is empowered only to hear disputes 

“authorized by Constitution and statute.” Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 

(1994); Exxon Mobil Corp v. Allapattah Servs., Inc., 545 U.S. 546, 552 (2005). The federal courts are 

“presumed to lack jurisdiction in a particular case, unless the contrary affirmatively appears.” A-Z Int’l. 

v. Phillips, 323 F.3d 1141, 1145 (9th Cir. 2003). Thus, a plaintiff is required to demonstrate the Court 

has subject matter jurisdiction. Kokkonen, 511 U.S. at 377 (citing McNutt v. General Motors 

Acceptance Corp, 298 U.S. 178, 182-83 (1936)); Vacek v. United States Postal Serv., 447 F.3d 1248, 

1250 (9th Cir. 2006).

Pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a party may challenge a 

claim for relief for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. A motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(1) “may 

either attack the allegations of the complaint or may be made as a ‘speaking motion’ attacking the 

existence of subject matter jurisdiction in fact.” Thornhill Pub. Co., Inc. v. Gen. Tel. & Electronics 

Corp., 594 F.2d 730, 733 (9th Cir. 1979) (citing Land v. Dollar, 330 U.S. 731, 735 (1947)). Thus, “[a]

jurisdictional challenge under Rule 12(b)(1) may be made either on the face of the pleadings or by 

presenting extrinsic evidence.” Warren v. Fox Family Worldwide, Inc., 328 F.3d 1136, 1139 (9th Cir. 

2003) (citing White v. Lee, 227 F.3d 1214, 1242 (9th Cir. 2000)). The Ninth Circuit explained: 

In a facial attack, the challenger asserts that the allegations contained in a complaint are 

insufficient on their face to invoke federal jurisdiction. By contrast, in a factual attack, 

the challenger disputes the truth of the allegations that, by themselves, would otherwise 

invoke federal jurisdiction. 

Safe Air for Everyone v. Meyer, 373 F.3d 1035, 1038 (9th Cir. 2004). 

B. Discussion and Analysis

Where, as here, a defendant presents a facial challenge to the Court’s jurisdiction (Doc. 10 at 2-

3), the Court must presume the truth of the Plaintiff’s factual allegations “and draw all reasonable 

inferences in his favor.” Doe v. Holy, 557 F.3d 1066, 1073 (9th Cir. 2009); Savage v. Glendale Union 

High Sch. Dist. No. 205, 343 F.3d 1036, 1039 n.1 (9th Cir. 2003), cert. denied, 541 U.S. 1009 (2004). 

The Court should not “assume the truth of legal conclusions merely because they are cast in the form of 

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factual allegations.” W. Mining Council v. Watt, 643 F.2d 618, 624 (9th Cir. 1981).

Significantly, Plaintiff does not identify the claim(s) upon which he seeks to proceed in his 

complaint. (See Doc. 1.) From the face of the compliant, it appears Plaintiff believes that Scrivner 

exercised an “abuse of power” by removing a Board Member of the Mountain Meadows Community 

Services District. In Plaintiff’s “motion for summary judgment,” he asserts “this case pertains to civil 

rights being violated by Defendant.” (Doc. 9 at 1.) However, Plaintiff fails to identify what civil rights 

he believes were violated or, even, whether he claims those rights belonged to him. Because the 

allegations of the complaint do not demonstrate the basis for this Court’s jurisdiction, Defendant’s 

motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) is GRANTED. 

III. Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6)

A. Legal Standard

A Rule 12(b)(6) motion “tests the legal sufficiency of a claim.” Navarro v. Block, 250 F.3d 

729, 732 (9th Cir. 2001). Dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) is appropriate when “the complaint lacks a 

cognizable legal theory or sufficient facts to support a cognizable legal theory.” Mendiondo v. 

Centinela Hosp. Med. Ctr., 521 F.3d 1097, 1104 (9th Cir. 2008). Thus, under Rule 12(b)(6), “review is 

limited to the complaint alone.” Cervantes v. City of San Diego, 5 F.3d 1273, 1274 (9th Cir. 1993). 

“To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as 

true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) 

(quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). The Supreme Court explained, 

A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the 

court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct 

alleged. The plausibility standard is not akin to a “probability requirement,” but it asks 

for more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully. Where a 

complaint pleads facts that are “merely consistent with” a defendant=s liability, it “stops 

short of the line between possibility and plausibility of ‘entitlement to relief.’”

Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (internal citations, quotation marks omitted). Further, allegations of a 

complaint must be accepted as true when the Court considers a motion to dismiss. Hospital Bldg. Co. 

v. Rex Hospital Trustees, 425 U.S. 738, 740 (1976). 

A court must construe the pleading in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, and resolve all 

doubts in favor of the plaintiff. Jenkins v. McKeithen, 395 U.S. 411, 421 (1969). “The issue is not 

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whether a plaintiff will ultimately prevail, but whether the claimant is entitled to officer evidence to 

support the claims. Indeed it may appear on the face of the pleadings that a recovery is very remote 

and unlikely but that is not the test.” Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974). Therefore, the 

Court “will dismiss any claim that, even when construed in the light most favorable to plaintiff, fails to 

plead sufficiently all required elements of a cause of action.” Student Loan Marketing Assoc. v. 

Hanes, 181 F.R.D. 629, 634 (S.D. Cal. 1998). 

B. Failure to state a claim

As noted above, Plaintiff fails to identify any causes of action his complaint, and the facts 

alleged are insufficient for the Court to determine the claim(s) upon which Plaintiff seeks to proceed.

Although Plaintiff asserts Scrivner’s actions “cause[d] financial harm to MMCSD” (Doc.1 at 2), he 

fails to allege facts that support a determination that Plaintiff has suffered any injury, or explain how 

Defendant violated his civil rights. Without such allegations, Plaintiff fails to give Defendant fair 

notice of his claims. See, e.g., Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362, 371-72 (1976) (to proceed on a claim for 

civil rights violations, a plaintiff must allege a specific injury was suffered, and show causal 

relationship between the defendant’s conduct and the injury suffered). Consequently, Defendant’s

motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) is GRANTED.

C. Standing

The Supreme Court explained: “[T]o satisfy Article III's standing requirements, a plaintiff must 

show (1)[he] has suffered an ‘injury in fact’ that is (a) concrete and particularized and (b) actual or 

imminent, not conjectural or hypothetical; (2) the injury is fairly traceable to the challenged action of 

the defendant; and (3) it is likely, as opposed to merely speculative, that the injury will be redressed by 

a favorable decision.” Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs., Inc., 528 U.S. 167, 180–81 

(2000). The burden of establishing standing falls upon the plaintiff. Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 

504 U.S. 555, 561 (1992); see also Bennett v. Spear, 520 U.S. 154, 167 (1997) (“each element of 

Article III standing must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears 

the burden of proof, i.e., with the manner and degree of evidence required at the successive stages of 

the litigation”). The Ninth Circuit explained the causation element is not satisfied when an “injury 

caused by a third party is too tenuously connected to the acts of the defendant.” Citizens for Better 

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Forestry v. U.S. Dept. of Agric., 341 F.3d 961, 975 (9th Cir.2003).

Here, though it appears that Plaintiff feels the District has been treated improperly by Scrivner, 

he fails to allege sufficient facts that he has suffered injury. There is no showing that Scrivner’s 

actions that were directed at the District equates to an injury suffered by Plaintiff such that he may 

bring suit. Thus, Plaintiff’s failure to demonstrate standing is fatal to this action and Defendant’s 

motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) is GRANTED.

IV. Conclusion and Order

Plaintiff has failed to meet his burden to demonstrate the Court has subject matter jurisdiction 

over his claim, to allege facts sufficient to provide the defendant with fair notice of the claims against 

him or to demonstrate he has standing. See Kokkonen, 511 U.S. at 377; Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. 

Because it is not “absolutely clear that the deficiencies of the complaint could not be cured,” Plaintiff 

will be given leave to amend his complaint. See Noll v. Carlson, 809 F.2d 1446, 1448-49 (9th Cir. 

1987).

The amended complaint must reference the docket number of assigned to this case and must be 

labeled “First Amended Complaint.” Plaintiff is advised that an amended complaint supersedes the 

original complaint. Forsyth v. Humana, Inc., 114 F.3d 1467, 1474 (9th Cir. 1997); King v. Atiyeh, 814 

F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1987). The amended complaint must be “complete in itself without reference 

to the prior or superseded pleading.” Local Rule 220, emphasis added. Thus, once Plaintiff files an 

amended complaint, Plaintiff’s original complaint will not serve any function in the case.

Based upon the foregoing, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED:

1. Defendant’s motion to dismiss (Doc. 10) is GRANTED;

2. Plaintiff’s complaint is DISMISSED with leave to amend; and

3. Plaintiff SHALL file his First Amended Complaint within thirty days of the date of 

service of this order.

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Failure to comply with this order will result in a recommendation that the matter be 

dismissed.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: June 19, 2015 /s/ Jennifer L. Thurston 

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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