Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-cand-3_07-cv-05944/USCOURTS-cand-3_07-cv-05944-526/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 410
Nature of Suit: Antitrust
Cause of Action: 15:1 Antitrust Litigation

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United States District Court

Northern District of California

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

IN RE: CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)

ANTITRUST LITIGATION

This Order Relates To:

ALL DIRECT PURCHASER PLAINTIFFS 

 MDL No. 1917

Master Case No. C-07-5944 JST 

Case No. 14-cv-2058 JST

ORDER GRANTING FINAL 

APPROVAL OF CLASS ACTION 

SETTLEMENT WITH MITSUBISHI 

ELECTRIC DEFENDANTS

The Direct Purchaser Plaintiffs (“DPPs”) move for final approval of their class action 

settlement with the Mitsubishi Electric Defendants (the “Settlement”).

1

ECF No. 5163. No 

objection to the settlement has been filed with the Court. See ECF No. 5163-1 (“Saveri Decl.”) ¶ 

2. The Court held a final fairness hearing on June 8, 2017. No objections were presented at the

hearing. For the reasons set forth below, the Court hereby grants final approval of the Settlement.

I. BACKGROUND

A. Factual and Procedural Background

This multidistrict litigation arises from an alleged conspiracy to fix prices of cathode ray 

tubes (“CRTs”). The alleged conspiracy ran from March 1, 1995 through November 25, 2007. 

The first DPPs filed a class action complaint on behalf of themselves and all others similarly 

situated in November 2007, alleging a violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1, 

and Section 4 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 15. Numerous additional actions followed. The 

Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (“JPML”) transferred all related actions to this Court on 

 

1

The Defendants include Mitsubishi Electric Corporation; Mitsubishi Electric US, Inc. (formerly

known as Mitsubishi Electric & Electronics USA, Inc.); and Mitsubishi Electric Visual

Solutions America, Inc. (formerly known as Mitsubishi Digital Electronics America,

Inc.) (collectively, the “Mitsubishi Electric Defendants” or “Defendants”).

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February 15, 2008. Saveri & Saveri, Inc. was appointed Interim Lead Class Counsel for the 

nationwide class of direct purchasers on May 9, 2008. ECF No. 282.

Discovery and motion practice in this Multidistrict Litigation case (“MDL”) have been 

extensive. For example, “[t]he parties have reviewed and analyzed millions of pages of 

documents produced in discovery,” “responded to hundreds of interrogatories and requests for 

admission,” and conducted over “125 depositions.” ECF No. 5099-1 at 2. Moreover, as the DPPs 

put it, “[v]irtually every legal or factual issue of any substance has been the subject of motion 

practice in this case, or in the cases brought by the DAPs, or both.” ECF No. 5099 at 8. 

There have been eight prior settlements between the DPPs and other Defendants in this 

case, valued at $10 million (“CPT” or “Chunhwa”),2$15 million (“Philips”),3$17.5 million 

(“Panasonic”),4$25 million (“LG”),5$13.5 million (“Toshiba”),6$13.45 million (“Hitachi”),

7

$33 

million (“Samsung SDI”),8and $9.75 million (“Thomson”)9. Id. at 9. In each of these prior DPP 

settlements, the Court certified a settlement class, appointed Saveri & Saveri, Inc. as Settlement 

Class Counsel, and found that the manner and form of providing notice of the settlements to class 

members was the best notice practicable under the circumstances. Id. at 9-10 (listing specific ECF 

entries). For each, the Court also entered orders of final approval and final judgments of dismissal 

with respect to the settling (and released) defendants. See ECF Nos. 1413, 1414, 1509, 1510, 

1622, 1792, 3932, 3933, 4416, 4417.

On July 8, 2015, the Court entered an order granting the DPPs’ motion for class 

certification against the Mitsubishi Electric Defendants. ECF No. 3902. The DPPs later provided 

 

2 Chunghwa Picture Tubes, Ltd. and Chunghwa Picture Tubes (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.

3 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V., Philips Electronics North America Corporation, Philips 

Electronics Industries (Taiwan), Ltd., and Philips Da Amazonia Industria Electronica Ltda.

4

Panasonic Corporation (f/k/a Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.), Panasonic Corporation of 

North America, and MT Picture Display Co., Ltd.

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LG Electronics, Inc., LG Electronics USA, Inc., and LG Electronics Taiwan Taipei Co., Ltd.

6

Toshiba Corporation, Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc., Toshiba America Consumer 

Products, L.L.C., and Toshiba America Electronic Components, Inc.

7 Hitachi, Ltd.; Hitachi Displays, Ltd. (n/k/a Japan Display Inc.) (“Hitachi Displays”); Hitachi 

America, Ltd.; Hitachi Asia, Ltd.; Hitachi Electronic Devices (USA) Inc.

8

Samsung SDI Co. Ltd. (f/k/a Samsung Display Devices Co., Ltd.); Samsung SDI America, Inc.; 

Samsung SDI Brasil, Ltd.; Tianjin Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.; Samsung Shenzhen SDI Co., Ltd.; SDI 

Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.; SDI Mexico S.A. de C.V.

9

Thomson SA, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc., and Technologies Displays Americas LLC.

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notice to the Class, which explained the opt-out procedure. ECF No. 5099 at 10. Nineteen entities 

opted out. Id. On February 13, 2017, the Court granted the DPPs’ motion for preliminary 

approval of their class action settlement with the Mitsubishi Electric Defendants. ECF No. 5166.

B. The Proposed Settlement

The Settlement provides that Defendants will pay the DPP Class $75,000,000 in cash in 

exchange for dismissal with prejudice and a release of all claims asserted in the Second Amended 

Complaint. ECF No. 5099-1 at 13-16. Specifically, the DPP Class will relinquish their claims 

against the “Mitsubishi Electric Releasees.”10 ECF No. 5099-1 at 14. The release excludes claims 

for product defects, personal injury, and ordinary commercial disputes. Id. Indirect purchaser 

claims under state law for purchases from entities other than defendants and alleged coconspirators (and their related companies) are also excluded. Id.

The Settlement will become final upon: “(i) the Court’s approval of the Settlement 

pursuant to Rule 23(e) and the entry of final judgment of dismissal with prejudice as to the 

Mitsubishi Electric Defendants; and (ii) the expiration of the time for appeal or, if an appeal is 

taken, affirmance of the judgment with no further possibility of appeal.” ECF No. 5099 at 12; 

ECF No. 5099-1 at 12-13.

Subject to the approval and direction of the Court, the Settlement payment will be used to: 

(1) pay members of the class; (2) pay attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses to the extent later 

 

10 Defined as follows in the Settlement: 

“Mitsubishi Electric Releasees” shall refer to the entities that are referred to 

collectively as "Mitsubishi" in paragraph 32 of the Second Amended Direct 

Purchaser Plaintiffs' Class Action Complaint Against Mitsubishi Electric 

Defendants (dated August 6, 20 15) ("SAC"), and to all of the Mitsubishi Electric 

Defendants' respective past and present, direct and indirect, parents, subsidiaries, 

joint ventures regarding CRT products, including with NEC, and affiliates, and all 

of their respective past and present, direct and indirect, parents, subsidiaries, 

affiliates, unincorporated entities, divisions, and groups; the predecessors, 

successors and assigns of any of the above; and each and all of the present and 

former principals, partners, officers, directors, supervisors, employees, agents, 

representatives, insurers, attorneys, heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns of 

each of the foregoing. “Mitsubishi Electric Releasees” does not include any 

defendant in the Action other than the Mitsubishi Electric Defendants and those 

entities defined in the SAC as “Mitsubishi.”

ECF No. 5099-1 at 9. 

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awarded by the Court; (3) pay all taxes associated with any interest earned on the escrow account; 

and (4) up to $300,000 may be used to pay for Notice costs and future costs incurred in the 

administration and distribution of the Settlement payments. ECF No. 5099 at 11. Payments to the 

class will be on the basis of each class member’s pro rata share of the total affected sales, with no 

portion reverting to Defendants. ECF No. 5099-1 at 4. “[T]to determine each Class member’s 

CRT purchases, CRT tubes (CPTs/CDTs) are calculated at full value while televisions are valued 

at 50% and computer monitors are valued at 75%.” Id.

C. Jurisdiction

The Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)(2).

II. FINAL APPROVAL OF CLASS ACTION SETTLEMENT

A. Legal Standard

“The claims, issues, or defenses of a certified class may be settled . . . only with the court’s 

approval.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(e). “Adequate notice is critical to court approval of a class 

settlement under Rule 23(e).” Hanlon v. Chrysler Corp., 150 F.3d 1011, 1025 (9th Cir. 1998). In 

addition, Rule 23(e) “requires the district court to determine whether a proposed settlement is 

fundamentally fair, adequate, and reasonable.” Id. at 1026. To assess a settlement proposal, the

district court must balance a number of factors: 

the strength of the plaintiffs’ case; the risk, expense, complexity, and 

likely duration of further litigation; the risk of maintaining class 

action status throughout the trial; the amount offered in settlement; 

the extent of discovery completed and the stage of the proceedings; 

the experience and views of counsel; the presence of a governmental 

participant; and the reaction of the class members to the proposed 

settlement.

Id.

B. Analysis

The Court finds that the class members have received adequate notice and that the 

proposed settlement is fair, adequate, and reasonable.11 

 

11 The Court also finds that the scope of the Settlement Agreement’s release, ECF No. 5099-1 at 

14, is permissible because the proposed release only releases claims based on the factual predicate 

of the complaint. See Hesse v. Sprint Corp., 598 F.3d 581, 590 (9th Cir. 2010).

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1. Adequacy of Notice

The Court previously approved the parties’ proposed plan for providing notice to the class. 

ECF No. 5166 at 7-8. The Court notes that the notice plan was substantially similar to the notice 

plan used in prior DPP settlements in this case. See Saveri Decl. ¶ 28. The DPPs have shown that 

the claims administrator has fulfilled the obligations of the notice plan by mailing and emailing 

notices to class members on February 27, 2017. ECF No. 5126 (“First Christman Decl.”). ¶¶ 5-6. 

The administrator mailed 19,609 class notices via first class mail. ECF No. 5163-2 (“Second 

Christman Decl.) ¶ 3. 5,185 of those notices were returned as undeliverable, and the administrator 

located updated addresses for and re-mailed 170 of the notices. Id. The administrator also sent 

electronic versions of the class notice to 1,343 e-mail addresses. Id. ¶ 3.12

DPPs also updated the case-dedicated website with all relevant settlement materials, 

including the date of and how to object to the Settlement at the final approval hearing. First 

Christman Decl ¶ 9. In addition, notice was published in two major newspapers on February 28, 

2017. Id. ¶ 11; Ex. B-C. Finally, the administrator established a toll-free telephone number to 

answer questions about the settlement. Id. ¶ 10.

Since the distribution of the class notices, the administrator has received at least 311 new, 

amended, or supplemental claims. Second Christman Decl ¶ 6. Over 3,000 claims have been 

received since the initial claim form mailing in 2005. Id.

In sum, the Court concludes that the parties have provided the best practicable notice to 

class members.

 2. Fairness, Adequacy, and Reasonableness

In its order granting preliminary approval of this Settlement, the Court analyzed the 

Hanlon factors enumerated above and determined that the Settlement was fair, adequate, and 

reasonable. ECF No. 5166 at 4-7. Briefly, the Court made the following conclusions: 1) the 

parties’ extensive motion practice and participation in a full day of formal mediation overseen by 

Magistrate Judge Corley demonstrated that the negotiations and agreement were non-collusive; 

 

12 Christman originally overstated the number of e-mail addresses to which notices were sent due 

to the inclusion of duplicate addresses and invalid addresses. Second Christman Decl. ¶ 4.

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2)Defendants’ arguments that they did not participate in the conspiracy and the potential that a 

jury could award DPPs only a small portion of their damages means DPPs faced substantial risk 

from further litigation; 3) the $75,000,000 settlement is a strong result when measured against 

expected recovery;13 4) extensive discovery has allowed the parties to gather sufficient 

information to make an informed decision about the Settlement; 5) experienced counsel for both 

parties support the Settlement; 6) the Settlement does not provide preferential treatment to any 

class member; and 7) the Settlement suffers from no obvious deficiencies. Id. 

Additionally, the Court notes that no objections to the Settlement have been received from 

any class member. Saveri Decl. ¶ 2. The reaction of the class to the proposed Settlement 

therefore supports the conclusion that the Settlement is fair, adequate and reasonable. See Bynum 

v. Dist. of Columbia, 412 F. Supp. 2d 73, 77 (D.D.C. 2006) (“The low number of opt outs and 

objectors (or purported objectors) supports the conclusion that the terms of the settlement were 

viewed favorably by the overwhelming majority of class members.”); Pallas v. Pac. Bell, No. C89-2373 DLJ, 1999 WL 1209495, at *8 (N.D. Cal. July 13, 1999) (“The small percentage--less 

than 1%--of persons raising objections is a factor weighing in favor of approval of the 

settlement.”); see also In re Patriot Am. Hospitality Inc. Sec. Litig., No. MDL C-00-1300 VRW, 

2005 WL 3801594, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 30, 2005). As the DPPs argue, where “much of the 

class consists of sophisticated business entities,” the inference that the class approves of the 

settlement is even stronger. See Mot. at 15 (citing Linerboard, 321 F. Supp. 2d at 629).

Balancing all the factors, the Court finds that they support granting final approval. 

Accordingly, the Court hereby finds that the settlement is fair, adequate, and reasonable, and 

grants DPPs’ motion for final approval of the Settlement.

III. FINAL APPROVAL OF PLAN OF ALLOCATION

“Approval of a plan of allocation of settlement proceeds in a class action . . . is governed 

by the same standards of review applicable to approval of the settlement as a whole: the plan must 

 

13 Indeed, the $75,000,000 exceeds DPPs’ estimate for the single damages attributable to the 

Mitsubishi Electric Defendants. Saveri Decl. ¶ 2. Moreover, when added to the settlements 

already obtained by the DPPs, total class recovery now equals 24% of single damages. ECF No. 

5163 n.3. 

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be fair, reasonable and adequate.” In re Oracle Sec. Litig., No. C–90–0931–VRW, 1994 WL 

502054, at *1–2 (N.D. Cal. June 16, 1994) (citing Class Pls. v. City of Seattle, 955 F.2d 1268, 

1284–85 (9th Cir. 1992)).

As the Court explained in its order granting preliminary approval, the Settlement provides 

that payments to the class will be on the basis of each class member’s pro rata share of the total 

affected sales, with no portion reverting to Defendants. ECF No. 5099-1 at 4. “[T]to determine 

each Class member’s CRT purchases, CRT tubes (CPTs/CDTs) are calculated at full value while 

televisions are valued at 50% and computer monitors are valued at 75%.” Id. The Court has 

approved identical plans in previous DPP settlements. See, e.g., In re: CRT Antitrust Litig., 2015 

WL 9266493 at *7-8 (Thomson Final Approval Order).

Plaintiffs propose distributing the funds of this Settlement together with the funds from the 

Thomson and TDA settlements. ECF No. 5099 at 20. The Long Form Notice explains that Class 

members who already submitted claims under the Thomson/TDA settlement need not submit 

additional claim forms, but are permitted to supplement or amend their claim forms to add 

purchases from the Mitsubishi Electric Defendants. ECF No. 5099-1 at 33-34. The administrator 

confirms that it has received over 300 new, amended, or supplemental claims. Second Christman 

Decl. ¶ 6. This consolidation of payment distribution should reduce administrative costs without 

negatively impacting the DPP Class. 

The Court finds that this plan “fairly treats class members by awarding a pro rata share” to 

the class members based on the extent of their injuries. See In re Heritage Bond Litig., No. 02-

ML-1475, 2005 WL 1594403, at *11 (C.D. Cal. June 10, 2005). Moreover, “[t]he fact that there 

has been no objection to this plan of allocation favors” the Court’s approval. Id. Accordingly, the 

Court approves DPPs’ plan of allocation.

IV. ATTORNEYS’ FEES, EXPENSES, AND INCENTIVE AWARDS

Attorneys’ fees, expenses, and incentive awards will be addressed in a separate order.

V. CONCLUSION

It is ordered that:

1. The Court has jurisdiction over the subject matter of this litigation, and all actions within 

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this litigation and over the parties to the Settlement Agreement, including all members of the Class 

and the Mitsubishi Electric Defendants.

2. For purposes of this Order, except as otherwise set forth herein, the Court adopts and 

incorporates the definitions contained in the Settlement Agreement. 

3. The Court finds that Saveri & Saveri, Inc., previously appointed as Class Counsel pursuant 

to Rule 23(g) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, has and will fairly and competently

represent the interests of the Class.

4. Pursuant to Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, after a hearing, the Court 

hereby finally approves and confirms the settlement set forth in the Settlement Agreement and 

finds that said settlement is, in all respects, fair, reasonable, and adequate to the Class within the 

meaning of Rule 23, and directs its consummation according to its terms.

5. This Court hereby dismisses on the merits and with prejudice the Action as to the

Mitsubishi Electric Releasees against all Class Members and without costs other than those

provided for in the Settlement Agreement.

6. The Mitsubishi Electric Releasees are hereby and forever released and discharged with 

respect to any and all claims or causes of action which the Releasors had or have arising out of or 

related to any of the Released Claims as defined in the Settlement Agreement.

7. The Proposed Order of Special Master Walker dated August 29, 2016, ECF No. 4802, is 

vacated and is without any present or future force or effect.14

 

14 Under Rule 54(b), district courts have “complete power” over non-final orders and may vacate 

or revise them “at any time,” if doing so would be “consonant with equity.” United States 

Gypsum Co. v. Pac. Award Metals, Inc., No. C 04–04941 JSW, 2006 WL 1825705, at * 1 

(N.D.Cal. July 3, 2006); De La O v. Arnold–Williams, No. CV–04–0192–EFS, 2008 WL 

4192033, at * 1 (E.D.Wash. Aug.27, 2008) (quotation marks omitted). “Courts exercising Rule 

54(b) power in the settlement context have found that vacating a non-final order is ‘consonant 

with equity’ if there are no reasons suggesting the order should not be vacated.” Midmoutain 

Contractors, Inc. v. Am. Safety Indem. Co., No. C10-1239JLR, 2013 WL 5492952, at *4 (W.D. 

Wash. Oct. 1, 2013). Courts in this circuit have frequently vacated non-final orders in furtherance 

of settlements. See O'Connor v. Uber Techs., Inc., No. 13-CV-03826-EMC, 2016 WL 6997166, 

at *2 (N.D. Cal. May 2, 2016) (citing cases).

Here, the parties request the Court vacate Judge Walker’s report and recommendation, but provide 

no authority or analysis in support of the request. Given the balancing test the Court is required to 

undertake, it would have been helpful for the parties to brief the question of whether vacating 

Judge Walker’s report and recommendation is “consonant with equity.” The undersigned has 

previously rejected similar requests. 

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8. The notice given to the Class of the Settlement was the best notice practicable under the 

circumstances, and satisfies the requirements of Rule 23, Subdivisions (c)(2) and (e)(1) of the 

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the requirements of due process.

9. The Plan of Allocation set forth in the Class notice is, in all respects, fair, adequate, and 

reasonable. Accordingly, the Court hereby grants final approval of the Plan of Allocation.

10. The United States District Court for the Northern District of California shall retain 

jurisdiction, which shall be exclusive to the extent permitted by law, over the implementation,

enforcement, and performance of the Settlement Agreement, and shall have exclusive jurisdiction 

over any suit, action, proceeding, or dispute arising out of or relating to the Settlement Agreement

or the applicability of the Settlement Agreement that cannot be resolved by negotiation and

agreement by Plaintiffs and the Mitsubishi Electric Defendants. The Settlement Agreement shall

be governed by and interpreted according to the substantive laws of the State of California without 

regard to its choice of law or conflict of laws principles.

11. Without affecting the finality of the Judgment in any way, this Court hereby retains

continuing jurisdiction over: (a) any distribution to Class Members pursuant to further orders of

this Court; (b) disposition of the Settlement Fund; (c) hearing and determining applications by

plaintiffs for attorneys’ fees, costs, expenses, interest, and incentive awards; (d) the Action until

the Final Judgment contemplated hereby have become effective and each and every act agreed to

be performed by the parties all have been performed pursuant to the Settlement Agreement; (e)

hearing and ruling on any matters relating to the Plan of Allocation of settlement proceeds; and (f)

all parties to the Action and Releasors for the purpose of enforcing and administering the

 

In this case, however, the Court approves the parties’ request. Unlike other kinds of orders that 

might affect the rights and obligations of third parties ‒ such as patent claim construction orders, 

for example, which affect the ability of a patentee to bring infringement claims in the future ‒ the 

effect of Judge Walker’s report and recommendation is limited to the parties here. Also, the effect 

of the sanctions imposed by the report and recommendation would have been to lighten Plaintiffs’

burden at trial. Because the parties have now resolved their differences, there is no need for that 

relief. Finally, the Court must consider the amount of relief now available to the class as a result 

of the settlement. See De La O, 2008 WL 4192033 at *1 (considering, among other things, 

“whether the costs of continuing the action with uncertain results are outweighed by the benefits 

of the proposed settlement”). In light of the lack of effect Judge Walker’s report and 

recommendation could have outside the case, the absence of need by any party for the relief set 

forth in that order, and the benefit to the class from the settlement, the Court concludes that 

vacating Judge Walker’s report and recommendation is “consonant with equity.” 

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Settlement Agreement and the mutual releases and other documents contemplated by, or executed

in connection with, the Settlement Agreement.

12. In the event that the settlement does not become effective in accordance with the terms of 

the Settlement Agreement, then the Judgment shall be rendered null and void and shall be vacated, 

and in such event, all orders entered and releases delivered in connection herewith shall be null 

and void and the parties shall be returned to their respective positions ex ante.

13. The Court finds determines under Rule 54(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, that 

Final Judgment should be entered and further finds that there is no just reason for delay in the 

entry of Judgment, as Final Judgment, as to the parties to the Settlement Agreement.

14. Accordingly, the Clerk is hereby directed to enter Judgment forthwith for the Mitsubishi 

Electric Defendants.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: June 8, 2017

______________________________________

JON S. TIGAR

United States District Judge

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