Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_16-cv-00249/USCOURTS-caed-1_16-cv-00249-5/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 442
Nature of Suit: Civil Rights Employment
Cause of Action: 42:2000e Job Discrimination (Employment)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

CHAU TRAN,

Plaintiff,

v.

MERCED IRRIGATION 

DISTRICT; and DOES 1 through 

10, 

Defendants.

Case No.: 1:16-cv-00249-LJO-SAB 

STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER 

FOR STANDARD LITIGATION

1. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS

Disclosure and discovery activity in this action are likely to involve 

production of confidential, proprietary, or private information for which special 

protection from public disclosure and from use for any purpose other than

prosecuting this litigation may be warranted. Accordingly, the parties hereby 

stipulate to and petition the court to enter the following Stipulated Protective 

Order. The parties acknowledge that this Order does not confer blanket 

protections on all disclosures or responses to discovery and that the protection it 

affords from public disclosure and use extends only to the limited information or 

items that are entitled to confidential treatment under the applicable legal 

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principles. The parties further acknowledge, as set forth in Section 12.3, below, 

that this Stipulated Protective Order does not entitle them to file confidential 

information under seal; Civil Local Rule 141 sets forth the procedures that must 

be followed and the standards that will be applied when a party seeks permission 

from the court to file material under seal.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the 

designation of information or items under this Order.

2.2 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: information (regardless 

of how it is generated, stored or maintained) or tangible things that the 

designating party contends qualifies for protection under Federal Rule of Civil 

Procedure 26(c).

2.3 Counsel (without qualifier): Outside Counsel of Record and House 

Counsel (as well as their support staff).

2.4 Designating Party: a Party or Non-Party that designates information 

or items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as 

“CONFIDENTIAL.” 

2.5 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, 

regardless of the medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or 

maintained (including, among other things, testimony, transcripts, and tangible 

things), that are produced or generated in disclosures or responses to discovery in 

this matter.

2.6 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a 

matter pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel 

to serve as an expert witness or as a consultant in this action.

2.7 House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a party to this 

action. House Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other 

outside counsel.

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2.8 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, 

association, or other legal entity not named as a Party to this action.

2.9 Outside Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a 

party to this action but are retained to represent or advise a party to this action 

and have appeared in this action on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a 

law firm which has appeared on behalf of that party.

2.10 Party: any party to this action, including all of its officers, directors, 

employees, consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel of Record (and 

their support staffs).

2.11 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or 

Discovery Material in this action.

2.12 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation 

support services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits 

or demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or 

medium) and their employees and subcontractors.

2.13 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is 

designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” 

2.14 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery 

Material from a Producing Party.

3. SCOPE

The protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order cover not only 

Protected Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or 

extracted from Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or 

compilations of Protected Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or 

presentations by Parties or their Counsel that might reveal Protected Material. 

However, the protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order do not cover 

the following information: (a) any information that is in the public domain at the 

time of disclosure to a Receiving Party or becomes part of the public domain 

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after its disclosure to a Receiving Party as a result of publication not involving a 

violation of this Order, including becoming part of the public record through trial 

or otherwise; and (b) any information known to the Receiving Party prior to the 

disclosure or obtained by the Receiving Party after the disclosure from a source 

who obtained the information lawfully and under no obligation of confidentiality 

to the Designating Party. Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed 

by a separate agreement or order.

4. DURATION

Even after final disposition of this litigation, the confidentiality obligations 

imposed by this Order shall remain in effect until a Designating Party agrees 

otherwise in writing or a court order otherwise directs. Final disposition shall be 

deemed to be the later of (1) dismissal of all claims and defenses in this action, 

with or without prejudice; and (2) final judgment herein after the completion and 

exhaustion of all appeals, rehearings, remands, trials, or reviews of this action, 

including the time limits for filing any motions or applications for extension of 

time pursuant to applicable law.

5. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL

5.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for 

Protection. Each Party or Non-Party that designates information or items for 

protection under this Order must take care to limit any such designation to 

specific material that qualifies under the appropriate standards. The Designating 

Party must designate for protection only those parts of material, documents, 

items, or oral or written communications that qualify – so that other portions of 

the material, documents, items, or communications for which protection is not 

warranted are not swept unjustifiably within the ambit of this Order.

Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited. 

Designations that are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for 

an improper purpose (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber or retard the case 

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development process or to impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other 

parties) expose the Designating Party to sanctions.

If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that 

it designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party 

must promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the mistaken 

designation.

5.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided 

in this Order (see, e.g., second paragraph of section 5.2(a) below), or as 

otherwise stipulated or ordered, Disclosure or Discovery Material that qualifies 

for protection under this Order must be clearly so designated before the material 

is disclosed or produced.

Designation in conformity with this Order requires:

(a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic 

documents, but excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial 

proceedings), that the Producing Party affix the legend “CONFIDENTIAL” to 

each page that contains protected material. If only a portion or portions of the 

material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must clearly 

identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the 

margins or making visible redactions).

A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents or materials available 

for inspection need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting 

Party has indicated which material it would like copied and produced. During the 

inspection and before the designation, all of the material made available for 

inspection shall be deemed “CONFIDENTIAL.” After the inspecting Party has 

identified the documents it wants copied and produced, the Producing Party must 

determine which documents, or portions thereof, qualify for protection under this 

Order. Then, before producing the specified documents, the Producing Party 

must affix the “CONFIDENTIAL” legend to each page that contains Protected 

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Material. If only a portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies for 

protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s) 

(e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins or by making visible 

redactions).

(b) for testimony given in deposition or in other pretrial or trial 

proceedings, that the Designating Party identify on the record, before the close of 

the deposition, hearing, or other proceeding, all protected testimony. 

(c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and 

for any other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place 

on the exterior of the container or containers in which the information or item is 

stored the legend “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a portion or portions of the 

information or item warrant protection, the Producing Party, to the extent 

practicable, shall identify the protected portion(s).

5.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an 

inadvertent failure to designate qualified information or items does not, standing 

alone, waive the Designating Party’s right to secure protection under this Order 

for such material. Upon timely correction of a designation, the Receiving Party 

must make reasonable efforts to assure that the material is treated in accordance 

with the provisions of this Order.

6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS

6.1 Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a 

designation of confidentiality at any time. Unless a prompt challenge to a 

Designating Party’s confidentiality designation is necessary to avoid foreseeable, 

substantial unfairness, unnecessary economic burdens, or a significant disruption 

or delay of the litigation, a Party does not waive its right to challenge a 

confidentiality designation by electing not to mount a challenge promptly after 

the original designation is disclosed.

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6.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party shall initiate the dispute 

resolution process by providing written notice of each designation it is 

challenging and describing the basis for each challenge. To avoid ambiguity as to 

whether a challenge has been made, the written notice must recite that the 

challenge to confidentiality is being made in accordance with this specific 

paragraph of the Protective Order. The parties shall attempt to resolve each 

challenge in good faith and must begin the process by conferring directly (in 

voice to voice dialogue; other forms of communication are not sufficient) within 

14 days of the date of service of notice. In conferring, the Challenging Party 

must explain the basis for its belief that the confidentiality designation was not 

proper and must give the Designating Party an opportunity to review the 

designated material, to reconsider the circumstances, and, if no change in 

designation is offered, to explain the basis for the chosen designation. A 

Challenging Party may proceed to the next stage of the challenge process only if 

it has engaged in this meet and confer process first or establishes that the 

Designating Party is unwilling to participate in the meet and confer process in a 

timely manner.

6.3 Judicial Intervention. If the Parties cannot resolve a challenge 

without court intervention, the Challenging Party may file a timely motion 

challenging a confidentiality designation if there is good cause for doing so, 

including a challenge to the designation of a deposition transcript or any portions 

thereof. Any motion brought pursuant to this provision must be accompanied by 

a competent declaration affirming that the movant has complied with the meet 

and confer requirements imposed by the preceding paragraph.

Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper purpose (e.g., to 

harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose 

the Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless the parties agree, all parties shall 

continue to afford the material in question the level of protection to which it is 

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entitled under the Producing Party’s designation until the court rules on the 

challenge.

7. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL

7.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that 

is disclosed or produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection with 

this case only for prosecuting, defending, or attempting to settle this litigation. 

Such Protected Material may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and 

under the conditions described in this Order. When the litigation has been 

terminated, a Receiving Party must comply with the provisions of section 13 

below (FINAL DISPOSITION).

Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at 

a location and in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the 

persons authorized under this Order.

7.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless 

otherwise ordered by the court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party, 

a Receiving Party may disclose any information or item designated 

“CONFIDENTIAL” only to:

(a) the Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of Record in this action, as well 

as employees of said Outside Counsel of Record to whom it is reasonably 

necessary to disclose the information for this litigation and who have signed the 

“Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” that is attached hereto as 

Exhibit A;

(b) the officers, directors, and employees (including House Counsel) of 

the Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this litigation 

and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” 

(Exhibit A);

///

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(c) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom 

disclosure is reasonably necessary for this litigation and who have signed the 

“Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);

(d) the court and its personnel;

(e) court reporters and their staff, professional jury or trial consultants, 

mock jurors, and Professional Vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably 

necessary for this litigation and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and 

Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);

(f) during their depositions, witnesses in the action to whom disclosure is 

reasonably necessary and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and 

Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A), unless otherwise agreed by the 

Designating Party or ordered by the court. Pages of transcribed deposition 

testimony or exhibits to depositions that reveal Protected Material must be 

separately bound by the court reporter and may not be disclosed to anyone except 

as permitted under this Stipulated Protective Order.

(g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a 

custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information.

8. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED 

PRODUCED IN OTHER LITIGATION 

If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other 

litigation that compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this 

action as “CONFIDENTIAL,” that Party must: 

(a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification 

shall include a copy of the subpoena or court order; 

(b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order 

to issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the 

subpoena or order is subject to this Protective Order. Such notification shall 

include a copy of this Stipulated Protective Order; and 

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(c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be 

pursued by the Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected.

The Party served with the subpoena or court order shall not produce any 

information designated in this action as “CONFIDENTIAL” before either a 

determination by the court from which the subpoena or order issued, or the Party 

has obtained the Designating Party’s permission. The Designating Party shall 

bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in that court of its confidential 

material – and nothing in these provisions should be construed as authorizing or 

encouraging a Receiving Party in this action to disobey a lawful directive from 

another court.

9. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO BE 

PRODUCED IN THIS LITIGATION

(a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a 

Non-Party in this action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Such 

information produced by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is 

protected by the remedies and relief provided by this Order. Nothing in these 

provisions should be construed as prohibiting a Non-Party from seeking 

additional protections. 

(b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to 

produce a Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the Party is 

subject to an agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party’s 

confidential information, then the Party shall: 

(1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-Party that 

some or all of the information requested is subject to a confidentiality agreement 

with a Non-Party;

(2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Stipulated 

Protective Order in this litigation, the relevant discovery request(s), and a 

reasonably specific description of the information requested; and 

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(3) make the information requested available for inspection by the NonParty. 

(c) If the Non-Party fails to object or seek a protective order from this 

court within 14 days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the 

Receiving Party may produce the Non-Party’s confidential information 

responsive to the discovery request. If the Non-Party timely seeks a protective 

order, the Receiving Party shall not produce any information in its possession or 

control that is subject to the confidentiality agreement with the Non-Party before 

a determination by the court. Absent a court order to the contrary, the Non-Party 

shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in this court of its 

Protected Material.

10. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL

If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has 

disclosed Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized 

under this Stipulated Protective Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (a) 

notify in writing the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures, (b) use its 

best efforts to retrieve all unauthorized copies of the Protected Material, (c) 

inform the person or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all 

the terms of this Order, and (d) request such person or persons to execute the 

“Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” that is attached hereto as 

Exhibit A.

11. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE 

PROTECTED MATERIAL

When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain 

inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other 

protection, the obligations of the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal 

Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended to modify 

whatever procedure may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for 

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production without prior privilege review. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 

502(d) and (e), insofar as the parties reach an agreement on the effect of 

disclosure of a communication or information covered by the attorney-client 

privilege or work product protection, the parties may incorporate their agreement 

in the stipulated protective order submitted to the court.

12. MISCELLANEOUS

12.1 Right to Further Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of 

any person to seek its modification by the court in the future.

12.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this 

Protective Order no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to 

disclosing or producing any information or item on any ground not addressed in 

this Stipulated Protective Order. Similarly, no Party waives any right to object on 

any ground to use in evidence of any of the material covered by this Protective 

Order.

12.3 Filing Protected Material. Without written permission from the 

Designating Party or a court order secured after appropriate notice to all 

interested persons, a Party may not file in the public record in this action any 

Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any Protected Material 

must comply with Civil Local Rule 141. Protected Material may only be filed 

under seal pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the specific 

Protected Material at issue. Pursuant to Civil Local Rule 141, a sealing order will 

issue only upon a request establishing that the Protected Material at issue is 

privileged, protectable as a trade secret, or otherwise entitled to protection under 

the law. 

13. FINAL DISPOSITION

Within 60 days after the final disposition of this action, as defined in 

paragraph 4, each Receiving Party must return all Protected Material to the 

Producing Party or destroy such material. As used in this subdivision, “all 

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Protected Material” includes all copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries, and 

any other format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected Material. 

Whether the Protected Material is returned or destroyed, the Receiving Party 

must submit a written certification to the Producing Party (and, if not the same 

person or entity, to the Designating Party) by the 60 day deadline that (1) 

identifies (by category, where appropriate) all the Protected Material that was 

returned or destroyed and (2) affirms that the Receiving Party has not retained 

any copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries or any other format reproducing 

or capturing any of the Protected Material. Notwithstanding this provision, 

Counsel are entitled to retain an archival copy of all pleadings, motion papers, 

trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts, legal memoranda, correspondence, 

deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work product, and 

consultant and expert work product, even if such materials contain Protected 

Material. Any such archival copies that contain or constitute Protected Material 

remain subject to this Protective Order as set forth in Section 4 (DURATION).

IT IS SO STIPULATED, THROUGH COUNSEL OF RECORD.

DATED: 1/3/2017 /s/Larry D. Murray

Attorneys for Plaintiff

DATED: 1/3/2017 /s/Naomi C. Pontious

Attorneys for Defendant

ORDER

Pursuant to the stipulation of the parties, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED 

that:

1. The protective order is entered;

2. The parties are advised that pursuant to the Local Rules of the 

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United States District Court, Eastern District of California, any 

documents which are to be filed under seal will require a written 

request which complies with Local Rule 141; and

3. The party making a request to file documents under seal shall be 

required to show good cause for documents attached to a 

nondispositive motion or compelling reasons for documents 

attached to a dispositive motion. Pintos v. Pacific Creditors 

Ass’n, 605 F.3d 665, 677-78 (9th Cir. 2009). 

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: January 4, 2017 

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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EXHIBIT A

ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND

I, _____________________________ [print or type full name], of 

_________________ [print or type full address], declare under penalty of perjury 

that I have read in its entirety and understand the Stipulated Protective Order that 

was issued by the United States District Court for the Northern District of 

California on [date] in the case of Chau v. Merced Irrigation District, Case No. 

1:16-cv-00249-LJO-SAB. I agree to comply with and to be bound by all the 

terms of this Stipulated Protective Order and I understand and acknowledge that 

failure to so comply could expose me to sanctions and punishment in the nature 

of contempt. I solemnly promise that I will not disclose in any manner any 

information or item that is subject to this Stipulated Protective Order to any 

person or entity except in strict compliance with the provisions of this Order.

I further agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the United States District 

Court for the Northern District of California for the purpose of enforcing the 

terms of this Stipulated Protective Order, even if such enforcement proceedings 

occur after termination of this action.

I hereby appoint __________________________ [print or type full name] 

of _______________________________________ [print or type full address 

and telephone number] as my California agent for service of process in 

connection with this action or any proceedings related to enforcement of this 

Stipulated Protective Order.

Date: ________________________________

City and State where sworn and signed: _________________________________

Printed name: ___________________________________

Signature: ______________________________________

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