Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ared-4_09-cv-00256/USCOURTS-ared-4_09-cv-00256-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 864
Nature of Suit: Social Security - SSID Title XVI
Cause of Action: 42:405 Review of HHS Decision (SSID)

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Plaintiff is a minor. (Tr. 265). In accordance with Fed. R. Civ. P. 5.2(a), only his initials should 1

be used in Court filings.

The underlying application was filed on Plaintiff’s behalf by his mother. (Tr. 268). The

usual and better practice is for the appeal to be brought by the parent as plaintiff on behalf of his or

her child. However, the Court is satisfied that it is not necessary to appoint a guardian ad litem under

the circumstances of this case. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 17(c).

 Reynolds v. Chater, 82 F.3d 254, 257 (8th Cir. 1996). 2

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS

WESTERN DIVISION

B.A.G. PLAINTIFF

V. 4:09CV00256 JTR

MICHAEL J. ASTRUE,

Commissioner, Social 

Security Administration, DEFENDANT

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Plaintiff, B.A.G., appeals the final decision of the Commissioner of the Social Security 1

Administration denying his claim for Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”). Both parties have

submitted Appeal Briefs (docket entries #6 and #9), and the issues are now joined and ready for

disposition. 

The Court’s function on review is to determine whether the Commissioner’s decision is

supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole and whether it is based on legal error.

Long v. Chater, 108 F.3d 185, 187 (8th Cir. 1997); see also, 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). While “substantial

evidence” is that which a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion,2

“substantial evidence on the record as a whole” requires a court to engage in a more scrutinizing

analysis:

“[O]ur review is more than an examination of the record for the existence of

substantial evidence in support of the Commissioner’s decision; we also take into

account whatever in the record fairly detracts from that decision.” Haley v.

Massanari, 258 F.3d 742, 747 (8 Cir. 2001). Reversal is not warranted, however, th

Case 4:09-cv-00256-JTR Document 10 Filed 05/24/10 Page 1 of 9
 An individual under the age of 18 shall be considered disabled for the purposes of 3

this title if that individual has a medically determinable physical or mental

impairment, which results in marked and severe functional limitations, and which can

be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a

continuous period of not less than 12 months.

42 U.S.C. § 1382c (a)(3)(C)(i) (1996).

 Plaintiff’s mother acknowledges filing “numerous” prior applications on behalf of her son. 4

(Pltf’s Brf. at 1).

2

“merely because substantial evidence would have supported an opposite decision.”

Shannon v. Chater, 54 F.3d 484, 486 (8 Cir. 1995). th

Reed v. Barnhart, 399 F.3d 917, 920 (8 Cir. 2005). th

After conducting an administrative hearing, the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”)

concluded that Plaintiff had not been under a disability, within the meaning of the Social Security 3

Act, at any time through December 26, 2007, the date of the ALJ's decision. (Tr. 29). On February

5, 2009, the Appeals Council received and considered additional evidence and then denied Plaintiff’s

request for a review of the ALJ's decision, thereby making it the final decision of the Commissioner.

(Tr. 7-10). On April 16, 2009, Plaintiff filed his Complaint initiating this appeal. (Docket entry #1).

At the time of the underlying administrative hearing, Plaintiff was nine years old, and a

fourth-grade student. (Tr. 231, 572, 579). In determining whether an SSI claimant under the age 4

of 18 is under a disability, a three-step sequential evaluation process is used. 20 C.F.R. § 416.924(a)

(1998) (2007).

The first step is a determination of whether the child is engaged in substantial gainful activity.

Id., § 416.924(b). If so, benefits are denied; if not, the evaluation continues to the next step.

The second step involves a determination of whether the impairment or combination of

impairments is severe, i.e., more than a slight abnormality that causes no more than minimal

functional limitations. Id., § 416.924(c). If not, benefits are denied; if so, the evaluation continues.

The third step involves a determination of whether the child has impairment(s) that meet,

medically equal, or functionally equal, a Listed impairment. Id., § 416.924(d). If so, and if the

duration requirement is met, benefits are awarded; if not, benefits are denied.

Case 4:09-cv-00256-JTR Document 10 Filed 05/24/10 Page 2 of 9
3

The ALJ found that Plaintiff: (1) had never engaged in substantial gainful activity (Tr. 20);

(2) had a "severe" impairment, asthma (id.); but (3) did not have any impairment or combination of

impairments that met or medically equaled a Listing or that functionally equaled a Listed

impairment. Id. Thus, he found that Plaintiff was not disabled. (Tr. 28, 29). 

Because Plaintiff had a “severe" impairment that did not meet or medically equal a Listing,

it was necessary for the ALJ to determine if the impairment functionally equaled a Listing. See 20

C.F.R. § 416.926a(a) (2007). 

The Personal Responsibility and Work OpportunityReconciliation Act of 1996 (the Welfare

Reform Act), P.L. 104-193, 110 Stat. 2105 (codified in various sections of 42 U.S.C.), required

implementing regulations. Under those final regulations, an impairment is functionally equivalent

to a Listing when the impairment results in "marked" limitations in two domains of functioning, or

an "extreme" limitation in one domain of functioning. 20 C.F.R. § 416.926a(a) (2007). 

A "marked" limitation in a domain seriouslyinterferes with a child’s abilityto independently

initiate, sustain or complete activities. 20 C.F.R. § 416.926a(e)(2)(2007). It also means a limitation

that is "more than moderate" but "less than extreme." Id. It is the equivalent of functioning expected

on standardized testing with scores that are at least two, but less than three, standard deviations

below the mean. Id.

An "extreme" limitation in a domain very seriously interferes with a child’s ability to

independently initiate, sustain or complete activities. 20 C.F.R. § 416.926a(e)(3) (2007). "Extreme"

limitation also means a limitation that is "more than marked." Id. It is the rating given to the worst

limitations. Id. It is the equivalent of functioning expected on standardized testing with scores that

are at least three standard deviations below the mean. Id.

The domains of functioning are:

1) Acquiring and using information;

2) Attending and completing tasks;

3) Interacting and relating with others;

Case 4:09-cv-00256-JTR Document 10 Filed 05/24/10 Page 3 of 9
 These domains are described in greater detail, with examples, in the regulations. See 20 C.F.R. 5

§ 416.926a(g)-(l) (2007).

 As noted earlier, Plaintiff would have to have “marked” limitation of function in two domains 6

to be deemed disabled.

 See 20 C.F.R. § 416.926a (2007).

7

4

4) Moving about and manipulating objects;

5) Caring for yourself; and

6) Health and physical well-being. 

20 C.F.R. § 416.926a(b)(1)(i-vi) (2007).5

In his Appeal Brief (docket entry #6), Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in failing to: (1)

adequately consider Plaintiff’s mental and learning impairments; (2) properly consider Plaintiff’s

continuing need for prednisone to treat his asthma; (3) adequately consider the effect of Plaintiff’s

obesity on his ability to function; and (4) find that Plaintiff met Listing 103.03. The Court will

separately discuss each of these alleged errors.

First, Plaintiff contends the ALJ did not adequately consider his mental and learning

impairments. (Pltf’s App. Brf. at 8). He relies exclusively on an undated questionnaire completed

by his second grade teacher, which he argues makes it clear that: (1) he suffered at least a “marked”

impairment in the domain of acquiring and using information; and (2) “possibly” an impairment in

the domain of attending and completing tasks. (Tr. 251-58). 6

In addressing the domain of acquiring and using information, the ALJ made the following 7

finding:

Acquiring and using information. Based upon the evidence of record and the

testimony at the hearing, the Administrative Law Judge finds that the claimant has

less than marked limitations in the first domain of acquiring and using information.

On administration of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-II) [sic]

in March 2006, the claimant obtained a valid verbal IQ score of 98, performance IQ

score of 98 and full scale IQ score of 97 indicating that he was functioning in the

average range of intellectual functioningwith underachievement in math and reading

(Exhibit C-5F). Testing on the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS), in

October 2006, also revealed that he was functioning in the average range of

intellectual functioning. The claimant testified that he is currently in the 4th grade.

Case 4:09-cv-00256-JTR Document 10 Filed 05/24/10 Page 4 of 9
 See 20 C.F.R. § 416.926a (2007).

8

 He also mentioned that a treating physician indicated Plaintiff was not compliant concerning his 9

medications. (Tr. 24).

5

He has received tutoring in the past, but the record does not show that he has ever

had to repeat a grade. The claimant was noted to have normal conversational skills

during evaluation in February 2006 at the James L. Dennis Developmental Center

(Exhibit C-4F, p. 2), and was reported to communicate effectively and there was no

evidence of his receptive or expressive language being compromised during March

2006 evaluation (Exhibit C-5F, p. 4).

(Tr. 26). After reviewing the entire record, the Court concludes that substantial evidence supports

the ALJ’s determination that Plaintiff had “less than marked” limitation of function in the domain

of acquiring and using information.

In addressing the domain of attending and completing tasks, the ALJ made the following 8

finding:

Attending and completing tasks. I find that the claimant has less than marked

limitations in this domain. The claimant was diagnosed with attention deficit

hyperactivity disorder and placed on medication (Concerta) in 2005. However,

during evaluation in February 2006 at the James L. Dennis Developmental Center,

he was noted to have normal activity level and attention for his age, despite not being

on his ADHD medication. His teacher reported that the claimant was having

problems focusing and following classroom and school rules, but again this was

because he was not taking ADHD medications at that time according to his mother.

The claimant was than placed on Adderall (Exhibit C-4F, p. 2), and during

psychological evaluation in March 2006, the examiner noted that the claimant was

able to concentrate very well, had a very nice attention span, persisted well in tasks,

and had a good even pace to his work (Exhibit C-5F, p. 5). In addition, during more

recent evaluation in October 2006, the examiner reported that the claimant's attention

deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type, was getting better with positive effects

on Adderall XR (Exhibit C-4E, p. 2).

(Tr. 26). The Court concludes that substantial evidence in the record as a whole supports the ALJ’s

determination that Plaintiff suffered “less than marked” limitation of function in the domain of

attending and completing tasks.

Second, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in failing to mention in his decision Plaintiff’s

continuing need for prednisone treatment for his asthma. (Pltf’s App. Brf. at 9). The ALJ

thoroughly discussed Plaintiff’s treatment and medications. (Tr. 21-26). While the ALJ has a duty 9

Case 4:09-cv-00256-JTR Document 10 Filed 05/24/10 Page 5 of 9
 A medical record dated one month after the administrative hearing reflects that Plaintiff is four 10

and a half feet tall and weighs 124 pounds. (Tr. 535).

6

to fully and fairly develop the record, the ALJ does not have to discuss every piece of evidence

presented. Wildman v. Astrue, 596 F.3d 959, 966 (8th Cir. 2010); Craig v. Apfel, 212 F.3d 433, 436

(8th Cir. 2000); Weber v. Apfel, 164 F.3d 431, 432 (8th Cir. 1999); Miller v. Shalala, 8 F.3d 611, 613

(8th Cir. 1993). Furthermore, an ALJ’s failure to cite specific evidence does not mean that it was

not considered. Wildman at 966; Craig at 436; Black v. Apfel, 143 F.3d 383, 386 (8th Cir. 1998).

Thus, the Court concludes that this argument lacks merit.

Third, Plaintiff contends that the ALJ did not adequately consider the effects of his obesity

on his ability to function. (Pltf’s App. Brf. 9-10). In making this argument, Plaintiff fails to 10

mention that obesity was not listed as one of his disabling conditions. (Tr. 269). Furthermore,

during the administrative hearing, Plaintiff’s attorney indicated that the primary focus of Plaintiff’s

claim for disability was his asthma. (Tr. 578). Finally, there was only very brief testimony at the

hearing concerning Plaintiff’s obesity:

A I mean because he [is] overweight. I know that and that’s why I’m trying

to get –

Q Well, they, they’ve encouraged him to lose weight and exercise –

A Yeah.

Q -- but with his asthma, he’s probably limited on what he can [do] there.

A A little. Yes, sir.

Q Do you all ever go to the mall or some place where he can walk – 

A Walk around?

Q -- indoors?

A Yes, sir. We walk around. He ride[s] his bike. I try to do everything that

I can.

(Tr. 591-92). Plaintiff testified that during recess he ran around and played basketball. (Tr. 579).

He had not had an asthma attack at his current school. (Tr. 581). 

Case 4:09-cv-00256-JTR Document 10 Filed 05/24/10 Page 6 of 9
 103.03 Asthma. With: 11

A. FEV-1[forced expiratory volume] equal to or less than the value specified in table

I of 103.02A;

Or

B. Attacks (as defined in 3.00C), in spite of prescribed treatment and requiring

physician intervention, occurring at least once every 2 months or at least six times a

year. Each inpatient hospitalization for longer than 24 hours for control of asthma

counts as two attacks, and an evaluation period of at least 12 consecutive months

must be used to determine the frequency of attacks;

Or

C. Persistent low-grade wheezing between acute attacks or absence of extended

symptom-free periods requiring daytime and nocturnal use of sympathomimetic

bronchodilators with one of the following:

1. Persistent prolonged expiration with radiographic or other

appropriate imaging techniques evidence of pulmonary hyperinflation

or peribronchial disease; or

2. Short courses of corticosteroids that average more than 5 days per

month for at least 3 months during a 12-month period;

Or

D. Growth impairment as described under the criteria in 100.00.

20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1 (2007). 

 In the checklists, Drs. Ziegeler and Simmons checked boxes for “medical impairments” with 12

preprinted language tracking the language of the B and C criteria. (Tr. 348, 369).

7

In this case, the ALJ unquestionably did discuss and properly consider Plaintiff’s borderline

obesity in evaluating his ability to function. (Tr. 21, 22, 24, 26, 27). Social Security Ruling 02-01p

does not mandate any special procedures for evaluating obesity. Thus, the Court concludes that

Plaintiff’s argument is without merit.

Finally, Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred by not finding that his asthma met Listing

103.03. In support of this argument, Plaintiff cites the opinions of two treating physicians. (Pltf’s 11

App. Brf. at 10-11). 

First, to establish that he met the criteria for Listing 103.03, Plaintiff cites the checklist

assessments completed by Drs. Albert Ziegler and Larry Simmons. (Tr. 348, 369). (Pltf’s Brf. at

12

Case 4:09-cv-00256-JTR Document 10 Filed 05/24/10 Page 7 of 9
 Dr. Ziegler noted that Plaintiff would possibly have “very little problem” with his asthma if he 13

took his medications and kept his appointments. (Tr. 352). He also stated that Plaintiff “almost

never” kept appointments. (Tr. 347).

8

10-11). These two checklist assessments are entitled to little weight, and are notably similar to

residual functional capacity checklists. While residual functional capacity checklists are entitled to

be considered by the ALJ, they are accorded little weight in evaluating whether a claimant is

disabled. See Wildman v. Astrue, 596 F.3d 959, 964 (8th Cir. 2010) (ALJ properly discounted

treating physician’s checklist forms that cited no medical evidence). 

More importantly, Plaintiff points to no medical evidence in support of the checklist forms.

Many of the entries on these forms are simply not supported by the medical record and Plaintiff’s

symptoms as noted in treatment records. Accordingly, these forms cannot be reconciled with the

medical record. Weise v. Astrue, 552 F.3d 728, 732 (8th Cir. 2009). 

Ironically, Dr. Simmons indicated in another portion of his checklist assessment that Plaintiff

had no more than moderate limitation in any domain of functioning, (Tr. 371-73). Similarly, Dr.

Ziegler checked “none to slight” (the lowest possible choice) in rating Plaintiff’s level of impairment

in each of the six domains. (Tr. 350-52). Thus, in parts of both of those checklist assessments,

13

Drs. Simmons and Ziegler indicate that Plaintiff is not disabled. 

The determination of whether a claimant meets or equals a Listing is an issue reserved for

the Commissioner. S.S.R. 96-5p at 3. Plaintiff had the burden of showing that he met a Listing.

Gonzales v. Barnhart, 465 F.3d 890, 894 (8th Cir. 2006); Johnson v. Barnhart, 390 F.3d 1067, 1070

(8th Cir. 2004); Pyland v. Apfel, 149 F.3d 873, 877 (8th Cir. 1998). The Court concludes that he

failed to meet that burden.

It is not the task of this Court to review the evidence and make an independent decision.

Neither is it to reverse the decision of the ALJ because there is evidence in the record which

contradicts his findings. The test is whether there is substantial evidence in the record as a whole

which supports the decision of the ALJ. E.g., Mapes v. Chater, 82 F.3d 259, 262 (8th Cir. 1996);

Pratt v. Sullivan, 956 F.2d 830, 833 (8th Cir. 1992). The Court has reviewed the entire record,

Case 4:09-cv-00256-JTR Document 10 Filed 05/24/10 Page 8 of 9
9

including the briefs, the ALJ’s decision, and the transcript of the hearing. The Court concludes that

the record as a whole contains ample evidence that “a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to

support [the] conclusion” of the ALJ in this case. Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. at 401; see also,

Reutter v. Barnhart, 372 F.3d 946, 950 (8th Cir. 2004). The Court further concludes that the ALJ’s

decision is not based on legal error.

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the final decision of the Commissioner is hereby

affirmed and Plaintiff’s Complaint is hereby dismissed, with prejudice.

DATED this 24th day of May, 2010.

 ___________________________________

 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

Case 4:09-cv-00256-JTR Document 10 Filed 05/24/10 Page 9 of 9