Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ca3-06-05206/USCOURTS-ca3-06-05206-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 442
Nature of Suit: Civil Rights Employment
Cause of Action: 

---

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

_______________

Nos. 06-5206 & 06-5208

_______________

ROBERT TURINSKI,

Appellant

 v.

LOCAL 104 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS; CITY OF

WILKES-BARRE; THOMAS M. LEIGHTON, Mayor, Individually and in his Official

Capacity; JACOB LISMAN, Fire Chief, Individually and as a Supervisor,

Appellees

THOMAS E. KOSCIOLEK,

Appellant

 v.

LOCAL 104 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS; CITY OF

WILKES-BARRE; THOMAS M. LEIGHTON, Mayor, Individually and in his Official

Capacity; JACOB LISMAN, Fire Chief, Individually and as a Supervisor,

Appellees

 

_______________

On Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

(D.C. Nos. 04-cv-01919, 04-cv-01920, 04-cv-01955 & 04-cv-01957)

District Judge: Honorable A. Richard Caputo

_______________

Argued January 8, 2008

Case: 06-5206 Document: 0031238174 Page: 1 Date Filed: 03/12/2008
 *

Honorable J. William Ditter, Jr., District Judge for the Eastern District of

Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.

2

Before: FUENTES and JORDAN, Circuit Judges, and DITTER,* District Judge.

(Filed March 12, 2008)

CYNTHIA L. POLLICK, ESQUIRE (ARGUED)

The Employment Law Firm

126 South Main Street, Suite 201

Pittston, PA 18640

Attorney for Appellants

STEPHEN J. HOLROYD, ESQUIRE (ARGUED)

Jennings Sigmond

510 Walnut Street

The Penn Mutual Towers, 16th Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19106-3683

Attorney for Appellee Local 104 International

Assoc. of Fire Fighters

JOHN G. DEAN, ESQUIRE (ARGUED)

Elliott, Greenleaf & Siedzikowski

201 Penn Avenue, Suite 202

Scranton, PA 18503

DEBORAH H. SIMON, ESQUIRE

Elliott, Greenleaf & Siedzikowski

925 Harvest Drive

Suite 300, Union Meeting Corporate Center V

Blue Bell, PA 19422

Attorneys for Appellees, City of Wilkes-Barre

Thomas M. Leighton, Mayor, Individually and in his Official 

Capacity and Jacob Lisman, Fire Chief, Individually and as 

a Supervisor

Case: 06-5206 Document: 0031238174 Page: 2 Date Filed: 03/12/2008
 1

Turinski’s appeal (06-5206) and Kosciolek’s appeal (06-5208) were consolidated for

all purposes on January 31, 2007.

3

_______________

OPINION OF THE COURT

_______________

DITTER, District Judge.

Appellants Robert Turinski and Thomas Kosciolek appeal the District Court’s

grant of summary judgment dismissing their amended complaints.1

 The appellants’ assert

that they were constructively discharged from the Wilkes-Barre fire department when

they were forced to choose between retirement or demotion without a hearing or notice of

just cause. Because we conclude that the appellants failed to exhaust the due process

procedures available to them and failed to properly plead and support their First

Amendment claims we will affirm the judgment of the District Court. 

I. Facts

We write for the parties and therefore provide only a brief summary of the facts. 

Robert Turinski began working for the City of Wilkes-Barre as a firefighter in 1975. He

was hired as a private and was appointed to be an assistant chief in February of 2000 by

Mayor Thomas McGroarty. Thomas Kosciolek was hired as a private in 1977, made

captain in 2000, demoted back to private in 2001, and was appointed to be an assistant

chief in 2002 by Mayor McGroarty. Appellants’ employment with the city was governed

by a collective bargaining agreement (“CBA”) between the city and Local 104. 

Case: 06-5206 Document: 0031238174 Page: 3 Date Filed: 03/12/2008
4

On November 26, 2003, Mayor-elect Thomas Leighton sent a letter to the

appellants informing them that the assistant fire chief position was subject to mayoral

appointment and that the position would be open as of January 5, 2004. The appellants

were welcomed to apply for the open position, and they did so. In early February of

2004, the appellants spoke with Fire Chief Lisman, who had been recently appointed by

Mayor Leighton. Chief Lisman informed appellants that they were not chosen to retain

their positions as assistant chiefs (Appx. 511, 553) and that they could either retire or be

demoted. (Appx. 518, 552.) 

On February 11, 2004, Kosciolek filed three grievances. One sought “to find out

why I am being demoted to private without a reason or hearing,” and the other two

addressed questions regarding his pension credits for military service and back pay. 

(Appx. 572-75.) On February 13, 2003, Turinski filed three grievances. The first stated:

“I want to know why I am not being given a written notice to retire or be demoted to a

private. I’ve been given a verbal on February 10, 2004 by Chief Lisman. I request a

written notice.” His second grievance stated “I want to know why I am being demoted to

Private from Assistant Chief.” Turinski’s third grievance dealt with calculating back pay

into his pension. (Appx. 535-37.)

On February 19, 2004, Chief Lisman wrote a response to these grievances to Local

104’s president, Thomas Makar, and copied the appellants, stating “As of today,

Thursday, February 19, 2004 at 0900 hours both Thomas Kosciolek and Robert Turinski

Case: 06-5206 Document: 0031238174 Page: 4 Date Filed: 03/12/2008
 2

 Appellants do not pursue their Fourth Amendment claim on appeal and the claim is

therefore waived.

5

are currently Assistant Chiefs in the Wilkes-Barre City Fire Department. Therefore, their

grievances have no merit.” (Appx. 576.)

On February 27, 2004, both Turinski and Kosciolek submitted letters announcing

their retirement as of February 28, 2004. (Appx. 539, 577.) On July 22, 2004, Mayor

Leighton promoted James Clarke and Thomas Makar to the vacant assistant chief

positions.

At the time the District Court granted summary judgment, the claims remaining for

consideration in Turinski’s and Kosciolek’s consolidated complaints included federal law

claims brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for: (1) violation of the Fourteenth

Amendment because they were forced to retire without due process; (2) violation of the

First Amendment for “political firing;” (3) violation of the First Amendment because they

were retaliated against for free speech which “was a matter of public concern;” and (4)

violation of the Fourth Amendment.2

 In addition, the appellants also had two state law

claims, one for breach of duty of fair representation against Local 104, and a second for

breach of the collective bargaining agreement against the City. 

The District Court granted judgment in favor of the defendants, holding that the

appellants were not constructively discharged because they chose to retire. The Court

also granted judgment in favor of defendants on the First Amendment claim holding that

Appellants had failed to specify that claim and had waived it by not asserting it at

Case: 06-5206 Document: 0031238174 Page: 5 Date Filed: 03/12/2008
6

summary judgment. The Court then declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over

the remaining state law claims. 

II. Due Process Claim

“[G]rievance procedures outlined in collective bargaining agreements can satisfy

due process requirements.” Dykes v. SEPTA, 68 F.3d 1564, 1572 (3d Cir. 1995). In

Dykes, we held that even where the appellant alleged that his employer and the union

conspired to deprive him of a fair hearing and of arbitration, the appellant had not

asserted a cognizable violation of due process because he could have pursued his

grievance to arbitration under the CBA and chose not to do so. Id.

Article XVI of the CBA between Wilkes-Barre and Local 104 describes the fourstep grievance procedure which was available to Turinski and Kosciolek. An employee

who feels aggrieved is instructed to: (1) discuss the matter orally with his immediate

supervisor within five days of the occurrence giving rise to the grievance; (2) within five

days of receiving an answer from the immediate supervisor, present his grievance in

writing to the chief of the fire department who is to answer the grievance in writing

within five days; (3) within five days of receiving the letter from the chief, either party

may submit the grievance to the mayor; and (4) if the mayor fails to amicably resolve the

grievance within ten days, either party may submit the matter to arbitration. (Appx. 600.) 

Turinski and Kosciolek allege that the fire department, the mayor, and the union

were working in concert to deprive them of their due process rights under the CBA,

which they assert forbids their demotion without just cause. Appellants, however,

Case: 06-5206 Document: 0031238174 Page: 6 Date Filed: 03/12/2008
7

pursued their grievance only to the second step of the four-step process provided to them

by the CBA: Turinski and Kosciolek filed written grievances through the union and they

received a written response from Chief Lisman, their immediate supervisor, on February

19, 2006, denying their grievances concerning their alleged demotion for lack of merit

because they had not been demoted and were still assistant chiefs. 

Turinski acknowledged receiving Chief Lisman’s response and admitted that he

did not talk to any union representative or the mayor concerning the letter. (Appx. 518-

19.) He further admitted that he did not ask the union to pursue the grievance. (Appx. 

519-20.) Kosciolek similarly stated that he did not talk to anyone from the union after

receiving Chief Lisman’s letter denying his grievance and he never met with Mayor

Leighton regarding the alleged demotion. (Appx. 558, 561-62.) 

Even assuming that Turinski and Kosciolek had a property interest in their

assistant chief positions, and assuming they were deprived of that interest when they

“were forced to retire,” they nonetheless failed to exhaust the grievance process available

to them. Neither appellant took his grievance to the mayor, and even if they perceived

this step as futile because they felt the mayor was behind their demotions, neither pursued

the grievance to arbitration despite being entitled to do so under the CBA. Turinski and

Kosciolek are thereby unable to prove a violation of § 1983 for violation of due process. 

See Dykes, 68 F.3d at 5172. 

III. First Amendment Claim

Case: 06-5206 Document: 0031238174 Page: 7 Date Filed: 03/12/2008
8

Appellants argue on appeal that the District Court improperly granted summary

judgment on their First Amendment claims because it did not address them in its

opinions. Although we agree that the District Court did not properly reject appellants’

First Amendment claims, we will nonetheless affirm its decision because the appellants

failed to provide the facts necessary to survive defendants’ motions for summary

judgment.

The District Court’s only reference to the matter was in a footnote where it said

appellants had not specified how their rights were violated, and in any event, had

abandoned their First Amendment claims by ignoring them at summary judgment. After

a review of the record, we disagree with both assertions.

In Count III of their complaints, appellants alleged they had engaged in protected

speech about the mayor’s political ambitions and as a result, they were retaliated against

by being threatened with demotion or retirement. Appellants’ own summary judgment

motion related only to due process and it was for that reason they did not mention in their

supporting briefs their First Amendment claims. However, appellants filed briefs

opposing the motions of the city, Mayor Leighton, and Chief Lisman for summary

judgment and specifically argued their First Amendment claims. There was no

abandonment.

Although the District Court was wrong in saying that appellants failed to specify

how their First Amendment rights were violated and was wrong when it said the

Case: 06-5206 Document: 0031238174 Page: 8 Date Filed: 03/12/2008
9

appellants ignored those claims at summary judgment, it was right in entering summary

judgment against them. 

Summary judgment is required against a party who “fails to make a showing

sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on

which that party will bear the burden at trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317,

322-23 (1986). Here, the appellants failed to provide any factual support for the First

Amendment claims they pleaded and failed to properly plead the First Amendment claims

they argued. 

In order to have defeated the motion for summary judgment on their Free Speech

claims, appellants had to show their speech was protected and was a substantial or

motivating factor in their alleged demotion. Even assuming appellants’ speech regarding

“Mayor Leighton’s political ambitions of forcing city employees to retire or be demoted”

was protected, they offered no evidence that their speech was a motivating or substantial

factor in the termination of their employment. Instead, appellants simply argue that

because the second prong is a question of fact and not a question of law, summary

judgment is inappropriate and appellants should be entitled to present their case to a jury. 

Quite the contrary is true: summary judgment is required where a plaintiff fails to

set forth specific facts supporting his claim. United States v. 717 S. Woodward St., 2 F.3d

529, 533 (3d Cir. 1993) (holding “the nonmoving party may not . . . rest[] on mere

allegations or denials in the pleadings; rather, that party must set forth ‘specific facts

showing that there is a genuine issue for trial,’ else summary judgment, ‘if appropriate,’

Case: 06-5206 Document: 0031238174 Page: 9 Date Filed: 03/12/2008
10

will be entered.”(quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e))). Appellants’ failure to show any facts

causally linking their speech to their employer’s adverse action is therefore fatal.

Appellants also argue that filing a grievance against the city may qualify as

petitioning the government and note that they filed six grievances. However, appellants

cannot succeed on a Petition Clause argument because they never pleaded that claim. In 

Brennan v. Norton, 350 F. 3d 399, 417 (3rd Cir. 2003), we held that where an appellant

asserted a First Amendment claim based on the Speech and Association Clauses, he could

not assert a Petition Clause claim in his brief opposing summary judgment. Just as in

Brennan, the appellants’ complaints here do not reference the Petition Clause, and instead

only assert First Amendment claims under the Free Speech Clause. See also, Hill v.

Kutztown, 455 F.3d 225, 242 (3d Cir. 2006) (noting that although plaintiff’s complaints

might qualify as petitioning and constitute protected activity, he could not assert a petition

claim because he had not alleged the defendant retaliated against him for those

complaints). 

Appellants note in their appellate brief that the District Court specifically

mentioned their “First Amendment: Freedom of Association Claim” in its opinion

denying the city’s motion to dismiss their First Amendment claim. There, it appears the

District Court generously construed Count II of the complaints filed against the city,

Mayor Leighton, and Chief Lisman as a political association claim. Count II simply

contained the phrase “Political Firing” in the title and stated that appellants’ positions

were not policy-making positions. However, in order to make out a political association

Case: 06-5206 Document: 0031238174 Page: 10 Date Filed: 03/12/2008
11

claim, a public employee must allege “(1) that the employee works for a public employer

in a position that does not require political affiliation, (2) that the employee maintained a

political affiliation, (3) that the employee’s political affiliation was a substantial or

motivating factor in the adverse employment decision.” Goodman v. Pennsylvania

Turnpike Com’n, 293 F.3d 655, 663-64 (3d Cir. 2002). Appellants did not provide the

District Court with facts showing that they maintained a political affiliation or that their

affiliation was a substantial or motivating factor in their alleged constructive discharge in

either their pleadings or their briefs for summary judgment.

The District Court’s grant of summary judgment for defendants must therefore be

affirmed.

IV. Conclusion

Because we find that the appellants failed to exhaust the due process available to

them and failed to properly plead and support their First Amendment claims, we affirm

the judgment of the District Court.

Case: 06-5206 Document: 0031238174 Page: 11 Date Filed: 03/12/2008