Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-azd-2_13-cv-02113/USCOURTS-azd-2_13-cv-02113-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 864
Nature of Suit: Social Security - SSID Title XVI
Cause of Action: 42:405 Review of HHS Decision (SSID)

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WO 

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 

Miroslaw Sikora, 

Plaintiff, 

v. 

Carolyn W. Colvin, Acting Commissioner 

of Social Security, 

Defendant. 

No. CV-13-02113-PHX-NVW 

ORDER 

Plaintiff Miroslaw Sikora seeks review under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) of the final 

decision of the Commissioner of Social Security (“the Commissioner”), which denied 

him disability insurance benefits under sections 216(i) and 223(d) of the Social Security 

Act. Because the decision of the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) is supported by 

substantial evidence and is not based on legal error, the Commissioner’s decision will be 

affirmed. 

I. BACKGROUND 

Plaintiff was born in January 1961. In 1984 he obtained a J.D. degree in Poland, 

and in 2001 he obtained a B.A. degree in business administration from National Louis 

University in Chicago. He worked as a prosecuting attorney in Poland. After he moved 

to the United States, Plaintiff worked in merchandising and shipping/receiving. 

Plaintiff’s last full-time job was as a textbook manager at a college bookstore. In October 

2008, Plaintiff completed his training as a textbook manager, but there was no job for 

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him in Phoenix, and he was not able to relocate. He received unemployment 

compensation until October 2009. 

On October 2, 2009, Plaintiff was hospitalized for fever and acute breathing 

difficulty, caused by flu and pneumonia. He remained hospitalized through December 

16, 2009, with a tracheostomy and ventilator for respiration and a gastrointestinal tube for 

nourishment. He was transferred to a skilled nursing facility, where he remained until 

January 16, 2010. After discharge from the skilled nursing facility, he used a walker until 

the end of 2010. He reports continued fatigue and difficulty breathing, standing, and 

walking. 

On January 25, 2010, shortly after discharge from the skilled nursing facility, 

Plaintiff applied for disability insurance benefits, alleging disability beginning October 2, 

2009. On November 14, 2011, he appeared with his attorney and testified at a hearing 

before the ALJ. A vocational expert also testified. 

On December 19, 2009, the ALJ issued a decision that Plaintiff was not disabled 

within the meaning of the Social Security Act. The Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s 

request for review of the hearing decision, making the ALJ’s decision the 

Commissioner’s final decision. On October 15, 2013, Plaintiff sought review by this 

Court. 

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW 

The district court reviews only those issues raised by the party challenging the 

ALJ’s decision. See Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 517 n.13 (9th Cir. 2001). The court 

may set aside the Commissioner’s disability determination only if the determination is 

not supported by substantial evidence or is based on legal error. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 

625, 630 (9th Cir. 2007). Substantial evidence is more than a scintilla, less than a 

preponderance, and relevant evidence that a reasonable person might accept as adequate 

to support a conclusion considering the record as a whole. Id. In determining whether 

substantial evidence supports a decision, the court must consider the record as a whole 

and may not affirm simply by isolating a “specific quantum of supporting evidence.” Id. 

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As a general rule, “[w]here the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational 

interpretation, one of which supports the ALJ’s decision, the ALJ’s conclusion must be 

upheld.” Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 954 (9th Cir. 2002) (citations omitted); 

accord Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 2012) (“Even when the evidence 

is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, we must uphold the ALJ’s findings 

if they are supported by inferences reasonably drawn from the record.”). 

III. FIVE-STEP SEQUENTIAL EVALUATION PROCESS 

To determine whether a claimant is disabled for purposes of the Social Security 

Act, the ALJ follows a five-step process. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). The claimant bears 

the burden of proof on the first four steps, but the burden shifts to the Commissioner at 

step five. Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). 

At the first step, the ALJ determines whether the claimant is engaging in 

substantial gainful activity. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i). If so, the claimant is not 

disabled and the inquiry ends. Id. At step two, the ALJ determines whether the claimant 

has a “severe” medically determinable physical or mental impairment. 

§ 404.1520(a)(4)(ii). If not, the claimant is not disabled and the inquiry ends. Id. At step 

three, the ALJ considers whether the claimant’s impairment or combination of 

impairments meets or medically equals an impairment listed in Appendix 1 to Subpart P 

of 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). If so, the claimant is automatically found to 

be disabled. Id. If not, the ALJ proceeds to step four. At step four, the ALJ assesses the 

claimant’s residual functional capacity and determines whether the claimant is still 

capable of performing past relevant work. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). If so, the claimant is not 

disabled and the inquiry ends. Id. If not, the ALJ proceeds to the fifth and final step, 

where he determines whether the claimant can perform any other work based on the 

claimant’s residual functional capacity, age, education, and work experience. 

§ 404.1520(a)(4)(v). If so, the claimant is not disabled. Id. If not, the claimant is 

disabled. Id. 

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At step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff meets the insured status requirements of 

the Social Security Act through June 30, 2014, and that he has not engaged in substantial 

gainful activity since October 2, 2009, the alleged onset date. At step two, the ALJ found 

that Plaintiff has the following severe impairments: status post H1N1-induced 

respiratory failure, status post tracheostomy, diabetes mellitus type II, hypertension, and 

shortness of breath. At step three, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff does not have an 

impairment or combination of impairments that meets or medically equals an impairment 

listed in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. 

At step four, the ALJ found that Plaintiff: 

has the residual functional capacity to perform light work as defined in 20 

CFR 404.1567(b) subject to the following. He should avoid climbing 

ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; he can occasionally climb ramps or stairs, 

balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, or crawl; he should avoid concentrated 

exposure to unprotected heights or use of moving machinery; and he should 

avoid concentrated exposure to irritants such as fumes, odors, dusts, or 

gases. 

The ALJ further found that Plaintiff is capable of performing past relevant work as a 

shipping clerk. 

IV. ANALYSIS 

The only issue Plaintiff has raised in this appeal is whether the ALJ failed to 

provide clear and convincing reasons for rejecting Plaintiff’s subjective symptom 

testimony. The ALJ did not reject Plaintiff’s testimony entirely, but rather found it “to be 

not wholly credible concerning his symptoms of impairment and overall allegations of 

disability.” 

In evaluating the credibility of a claimant’s testimony regarding subjective pain or 

other symptoms, the ALJ is required to engage in a two-step analysis: (1) determine 

whether the claimant presented objective medical evidence of an impairment that could 

reasonably be expected to produce some degree of the pain or other symptoms alleged; 

and, if so with no evidence of malingering, (2) reject the claimant’s testimony about the 

severity of the symptoms only by giving specific, clear, and convincing reasons for the 

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rejection. Vasquez v. Astrue, 572 F.3d 586, 591 (9th Cir. 2009). In making a credibility 

determination, an ALJ “may not reject a claimant’s subjective complaints based solely on 

a lack of objective medical evidence to fully corroborate the claimant’s allegations.” 

Bray v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 554 F.3d 1219, 1227 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal 

quotation marks and citation omitted). But “an ALJ may weigh inconsistencies between 

the claimant’s testimony and his or her conduct, daily activities, and work record, among 

other factors.” Id. 

First, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s medically determinable impairments could 

reasonably be expected to cause the alleged symptoms. Second, the ALJ found 

Plaintiff’s statements regarding the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of the 

symptoms not credible to the extent they are inconsistent with the ALJ’s residual 

functional capacity assessment. 

In his Function Report dated March 3, 2010, Plaintiff reported that his daily 

activities included watching television, exercising, reading books, washing, and helping 

his child with homework. He said he was unable to walk, lift objects, or type on a 

computer. Other than using a hand rail in the bathroom, he did not report any difficulty 

with personal care. He said he did not prepare meals or do house or yard work because 

of his limited ability to walk, stand, and use his hands. He reported that medication 

prevented him from driving. He reported that he was able to pay bills, count change, 

handle a savings account, and use a checkbook. He said that he watched television, read 

books, and talked to others every day, but he no longer visited friends and family. He 

said he could walk 100 yards before stopping to rest for a minute before resuming 

walking. He reported that he could follow written and oral instructions well and handled 

stress and changes in routine well. 

At the administrative hearing on November 14, 2011, Plaintiff testified that he is 

unable to work because of fatigue and mobility problems due to weak muscles. He said 

he stopped using a walker by the end of 2010 because he got more tired from pushing the 

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walker than from walking. He testified that he was hospitalized again in March 2011 

because of coughing attacks and breathing problems, which he said had continued since 

January 2010. He said in September 2011 he was hospitalized for a week because he 

could not feel his arms and legs and almost blacked out due to low blood pressure. He 

also testified that he experiences muscle cramps in his legs and back and experiences 

severe pain in his legs and feet when he stands or walks. He rated his pain level as 

between 7 and 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. He said he has been tired since his first hospital 

stay, but the fatigue is getting worse. On a scale of 0 to 10, he rated his fatigue level as 

between 9 and 10. He testified that he lies down for a total of five or six hours over the 

course of a typical day. He estimated that in an eight-hour day, he could sit for 15–30 

minutes at a time for a total of no more than four hours, and he could stand no more than 

ten minutes at a time for a total of one or two hours. He estimated that he could walk for 

15 minutes, but that would be all he could walk during one day. He testified he cannot 

lift more than ten pounds because he feels exhausted if he does. He said he cannot 

exercise because of his legs. 

Plaintiff testified that he uses a cane and a wheelchair in addition to a walker. He 

said he uses the wheelchair when his wife takes him somewhere because he does not 

have a parking permit for disabled persons. 

Plaintiff also testified that he has problems with focusing and concentrating, which 

he believed were caused by depression and medications. He said his medications cause 

dizziness, nausea, nervousness, and sleepiness. He also testified that he has social 

anxiety and that he did not have it before October 2009. He takes Paxil, which he said 

alleviates his anxiety. 

The ALJ stated multiple reasons for finding Plaintiff’s testimony not wholly 

credible.1

 He found that Plaintiff’s 2004 DUI reflected poorly on Plaintiff’s overall 

 1

 Plaintiff’s assertion that the ALJ identified only “two reasons, a 2004 DUI and a 

lack of objective evidence,” is incorrect. 

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credibility. He found that Plaintiff may have embellished his symptoms of anxiety 

because he had never sought psychological or psychiatric treatment for anxiety, which he 

had experienced since childhood, and he had been able to work as an adult despite the 

anxiety. The ALJ found that Plaintiff’s testimony regarding his ability to stand and walk 

was inconsistent with his conduct during a consultative examination: standing quickly, 

moving about an exam room without an assistive device, standing on each leg 

independently on heels and toes, and squatting without assistance. He further noted that 

Plaintiff’s treating family practitioner believed Plaintiff’s overall weakness was related to 

deconditioning and referred him for physical therapy. The ALJ also identified objective 

medical evidence showing that Plaintiff’s pulmonary functioning had returned to “very 

close to the predicted normal” and his blood pressure and diabetes were under control. 

The ALJ did not dispute that from October 2, 2009, through January 16, 2010, 

Plaintiff was fully incapacitated from any work activity. But the ALJ found that Plaintiff 

subsequently improved with treatment and did not remain totally disabled from work 

activity for a continuous period of not less than twelve months as required by 20 C.F.R. 

§ 404.1505(a). Substantial evidence supports that the ALJ provided clear and convincing 

reasons for partially discounting Plaintiff’s subjective symptom testimony. 

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the final decision of the Commissioner of 

Social Security is affirmed. The Clerk shall enter judgment accordingly and shall 

terminate this case. 

Dated this 8th day of October, 2014. 

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