Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-cand-5_15-cv-04066/USCOURTS-cand-5_15-cv-04066-4/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 190
Nature of Suit: Other Contract Actions
Cause of Action: 28:1346 Breach of Contract

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Case No. 15-cv-04066 NC 

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United States District Court

Northern District of California

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

PEPPER, N.A.,

Plaintiff,

v.

EXPANDI, INC., et al.,

Defendants.

Case No. 15-cv-04066 NC 

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE

The parties have a pending summary judgment motion with the Court. In 

defendants’ reply brief, defendants objected to most of Pepper’s exhibits because the 

exhibits are not authenticated. Dkt. No. 51. At the hearing, the Court gave Pepper an 

opportunity to reply, and Pepper stated that some of the documents had been produced by 

defendants, and that authentication was not necessary at this stage. Upon further review, 

the Court observes that Pepper did not attach a declaration attesting to the authenticity of 

the documents in its opposition to defendants’ summary judgment motion.

“We have repeatedly held that unauthenticated documents cannot be considered in a 

motion for summary judgment. In a summary judgment motion, documents authenticated 

through personal knowledge must be attached to an affidavit that meets the requirements 

of Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e) and the affiant must be a person through whom the exhibits could 

be admitted into evidence.” Orr v. Bank of Am., NT & SA, 285 F.3d 764, 773-74 (9th Cir. 

2002) (internal quotations and citations omitted). 

Case 5:15-cv-04066-NC Document 53 Filed 04/21/16 Page 1 of 2
Case No. 15-cv-04066 NC 2

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United States District Court

Northern District of California

Thus, Pepper is ordered to show cause why the Court should not exclude exhibits B, 

D, H, I, J, L, and M because Pepper failed to present admissible evidence. Pepper must 

submit a declaration that authenticates the documents, along with the supporting evidence 

by 5:00 p.m. on April 25, 2016, or the Court will exclude those exhibits. 

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: April 21, 2016 _____________________________________

NATHANAEL M. COUSINS

United States Magistrate Judge

Case 5:15-cv-04066-NC Document 53 Filed 04/21/16 Page 2 of 2