Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_23-cv-00949/USCOURTS-caed-1_23-cv-00949-3/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 442
Nature of Suit: Civil Rights Employment
Cause of Action: 28:1332 Diversity-Employment Discrimination

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Case No. 1:23-cv-00949-JLT-BAM

HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL PROTECTIVE ORDER

JAMES T. CONLEY SBN 224174

james.conley@ogletree.com

HAIDY M. RIVERA SBN 322117

haidy.rivera@ogletree.com

OGLETREE, DEAKINS, NASH, SMOAK & 

STEWART, P.C.

400 Capitol Mall, Suite 2800

Sacramento, CA 95814

Telephone: 916-840-3150

Facsimile: 916-840-3159

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

MICHELLE HUGHES, an individual,

Plaintiff,

v.

WAL-MART ASSOCIATES, INC., a 

Delaware Corporation; and DOES 1 through 

50, inclusive,

Defendants.

Case No. 1:23-cv-00949-JLT-BAM

AMENDED STIPULATION AND 

PROTECTIVE ORDER

Complaint Filed: May 24, 2023

Trial Date: September 9, 2025

Case 1:23-cv-00949-JLT-BAM Document 39 Filed 12/18/24 Page 1 of 14
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1 Case No. 1:23-cv-00949-JLT-BAM

HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL PROTECTIVE ORDER

IT IS HEREBY STIPULATED by and between the parties (“Parties”), by and through their 

respective counsel of record, that in order to facilitate the exchange of information and documents 

which may be subject to confidentiality limitations on disclosure due to federal laws, state laws, 

and privacy rights, the Parties stipulate as follows: 

1. In this Stipulation and Protective Order, the words set forth below shall have the 

following meanings:

a. “Proceeding” means the above-entitled proceeding, Case No. 1:23-cv-00949-JLTBAM.

b. “Court” means the Hon. Jennifer L. Thurston, or any other judge to which this 

Proceeding may be assigned, including Court staff participating in such proceedings.

c. “Confidential” means any Documents, Testimony, or Information which is in the 

possession of a Designating Party who believes in good faith that such Documents, Testimony, or 

Information is entitled to confidential treatment under applicable law.

d. “Confidential Materials” means any Documents, Testimony, or Information as 

defined below designated as “Confidential” pursuant to the provisions of this Stipulation and 

Protective Order.

e. “Highly Confidential” means any information which belongs to a Designating Party 

who believes in good faith that the Disclosure of such information to another Party or non-Party 

would create a substantial risk of serious and/or substantial harm including misuse or 

misrepresentation of the data or the test, financial, or other injury that cannot be avoided by less 

restrictive means.

f. “Highly Confidential Materials” means any Documents, Testimony, or Information, 

as defined below, designated as “Highly Confidential” pursuant to the provisions of this Stipulation 

and Protective Order.

g. “Designating Party” means the Party that designates Documents, Testimony, or 

Information, as defined below, as “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential.” 

h. “Disclose” or “Disclosed” or “Disclosure” means to reveal, divulge, give, or make 

available Materials, or any part thereof, or any information contained therein.

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87129749.v1-OGLETREE

i. “Documents” means (i) any “Writing,” “Original,” and “Duplicate” as those terms 

are defined by California Evidence Code Sections 250, 255, and 260, which have been produced in 

discovery in this Proceeding by any person or entity, and (ii) any copies, reproductions, or 

summaries of all or any part of the foregoing.

j. “Information” means the content of Documents or Testimony.

k. “Testimony” means all depositions, declarations, or other testimony taken or used in 

this Proceeding.

2. The Designating Party shall have the right to designate as “Highly Confidential” 

only the non-public Documents, Testimony, or Information that the Designating Party in good faith 

believes would create a substantial risk of serious and/or substantial harm including misuse or 

misrepresentation of the data or the test, financial, serious financial or other injury, if Disclosed to 

another Party or non-Party, and that such risk cannot be avoided by less restrictive means. These 

would include raw data, interpretive reports, and/or scoring manual excerpts.

3. The entry of this Stipulation and Protective Order does not alter, waive, modify, or 

abridge any right, privilege, or protection otherwise available to any Party with respect to the 

discovery of matters, including but not limited to any Party’s right to assert the attorney-client 

privilege, the attorney work product doctrine, or other privileges, or any Party’s right to contest any 

such assertion. 

4. Any Documents, Testimony, or Information to be designated as “Confidential” or 

“Highly Confidential” must be clearly so designated before the Document, Testimony, or 

Information is Disclosed or produced. The parties may agree that a case name and number are to be 

part of the “Highly Confidential” designation. The “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” 

designation should not obscure or interfere with the legibility of the designated Information.

a. For Documents (apart from transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial 

proceedings), the Designating Party must affix the legend “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” 

on each page of any Document containing such designated material.

b. For Testimony given in depositions the Designating Party may either:

i. identify on the record, before the close of the deposition, all “Confidential” or 

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“Highly Confidential” Testimony, by specifying all portions of the Testimony that qualify as 

“Confidential” or “Highly Confidential;” or 

ii. designate the entirety of the Testimony at the deposition as “Confidential” or 

“Highly Confidential” (before the deposition is concluded) with the right to identify more specific 

portions of the Testimony as to which protection is sought within 30 days following receipt of the 

deposition transcript. In circumstances where portions of the deposition Testimony are designated 

for protection, the transcript pages containing “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” Information 

may be separately bound by the court reporter, who must affix to the top of each page the legend 

“Confidential” or “Highly Confidential,” as instructed by the Designating Party.

c. For Information produced in some form other than Documents, and for any other 

tangible items, including, without limitation, compact discs or DVDs, the Designating Party must 

affix in a prominent place on the exterior of the container or containers in which the Information or 

item is stored the legend “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential.” If only portions of the 

Information or item warrant protection, the Designating Party, to the extent practicable, shall 

identify the “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” portions.

5. The inadvertent production by any of the undersigned Parties or non-Parties to the 

Proceedings of any Document, Testimony, or Information during discovery in this Proceeding 

without a “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” designation, shall be without prejudice to any 

claim that such item is “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” and such Party shall not be held to 

have waived any rights by such inadvertent production. In the event that any Document, 

Testimony, or Information that is subject to a “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” designation 

is inadvertently produced without such designation, the Party that inadvertently produced the 

document shall give written notice of such inadvertent production within twenty (20) days of 

discovery of the inadvertent production, together with a further copy of the subject Document, 

Testimony, or Information designated as “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” (the “Inadvertent 

Production Notice”). Upon receipt of such Inadvertent Production Notice, the Party that received 

the inadvertently produced Document, Testimony, or Information shall promptly destroy the 

inadvertently produced Document, Testimony, or Information and all copies thereof, or, at the 

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expense of the producing Party, return such together with all copies of such Document, Testimony 

or Information to counsel for the producing Party and shall retain only the “Confidential” or 

“Highly Confidential” materials. Should the receiving Party choose to destroy such inadvertently 

produced Document, Testimony, or Information, the receiving Party shall notify the producing 

Party in writing of such destruction within ten (10) days of receipt of written notice of the 

inadvertent production. This provision is not intended to apply to any inadvertent production of any 

Document, Testimony, or Information protected by attorney-client or work product privileges. In 

the event that this provision conflicts with any applicable law regarding waiver of confidentiality 

through the inadvertent production of Documents, Testimony or Information, such law shall 

govern.

6. In the event that counsel for a Party receiving Documents, Testimony or 

Information in discovery designated as “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” objects to such 

designation with respect to any or all of such items, said counsel shall advise counsel for the 

Designating Party, in writing, of such objections, the specific Documents, Testimony or 

Information to which each objection pertains, and the specific reasons and support for such 

objections (the “Designation Objections”). Counsel for the Designating Party shall have thirty (30) 

days from receipt of the written Designation Objections to either (a) agree in writing to dedesignate Documents, Testimony, or Information pursuant to any or all of the Designation 

Objections and/or (b) file a motion with the Court seeking to uphold any or all designations on 

Documents, Testimony, or Information addressed by the Designation Objections (the “Designation 

Motion”). Pending a resolution of the Designation Motion by the Court, any and all existing 

designations on the Documents, Testimony, or Information at issue in such Motion shall remain in 

place. The Designating Party shall have the burden on any Designation Motion of establishing the 

applicability of its “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” designation. In the event that the 

Designation Objections are neither timely agreed to nor timely addressed in the Designation 

Motion, then such Documents, Testimony, or Information shall be de-designated in accordance 

with the Designation Objection applicable to such material.

7. Access to and/or Disclosure of Confidential Materials shall be permitted only to the 

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following persons or entities:

a. the Court;

b. (1) Attorneys of record in the Proceeding and their affiliated attorneys, paralegals, 

clerical and secretarial staff employed by such attorneys who are actively involved in the 

Proceeding and are not employees of any Party; (2) In-house counsel to the undersigned Parties 

and the paralegal, clerical and secretarial staff employed by such counsel. Provided, however, that 

each non-lawyer given access to Confidential Materials shall be advised that such materials are 

being Disclosed pursuant to, and are subject to, the terms of this Stipulation and Protective Order 

and that they may not be Disclosed other than pursuant to its terms;

c. those officers, directors, partners, members, employees and agents of all nondesignating Parties that counsel for such Parties deems necessary to aid counsel in the prosecution 

and defense of this Proceeding; provided, however, that prior to the Disclosure of Confidential 

Materials to any such officer, director, partner, member, employee or agent, counsel for the Party 

making the Disclosure shall deliver a copy of this Stipulation and Protective Order to such person, 

shall explain that such person is bound to follow the terms of such Order, and shall secure the 

signature of such person on a statement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A; 

d. court reporters in this Proceeding (whether at depositions, hearings, or any other 

proceeding);

e. any deposition, trial, or hearing witness in the Proceeding who previously has had 

access to the Confidential Materials, or who is currently or was previously an officer, director, 

partner, member, employee or agent of an entity that has had access to the Confidential Materials; 

f. any deposition or non-trial hearing witness in the Proceeding who previously did not 

have access to the Confidential Materials; provided, however, that each such witness given access 

to Confidential Materials shall be advised that such materials are being Disclosed pursuant to, and 

are subject to, the terms of this Stipulation and Protective Order and that they may not be Disclosed 

other than pursuant to its terms;

g. mock jury participants, provided, however, that prior to the Disclosure of 

Confidential Materials to any such mock jury participant, counsel for the Party making the 

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Disclosure shall deliver a copy of this Stipulation and Protective Order to such person, shall 

explain that such person is bound to follow the terms of such Order, and shall secure the signature 

of such person on a statement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A.

h. outside experts or expert consultants consulted by the undersigned Parties or their 

counsel in connection with the Proceeding, whether or not retained to testify at any oral hearing; 

provided, however, that prior to the Disclosure of Confidential Materials to any such expert or 

expert consultant, counsel for the Party making the Disclosure shall deliver a copy of this 

Stipulation and Protective Order to such person, shall explain its terms to such person, and shall 

secure the signature of such person on a statement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A. It shall 

be the obligation of counsel, upon learning of any breach or threatened breach of this Stipulation 

and Protective Order by any such expert or expert consultant, to promptly notify counsel for the 

Designating Party of such breach or threatened breach; and

i. any other person or entity that the Designating Party agrees to in writing.

8. Access to and/or Disclosure of Highly Confidential Materials shall be permitted 

only to the following persons or entities: 

a. Attorneys of record in the Proceeding and their affiliated attorneys, the smallest 

number of administrative staff of such attorneys, such as paralegal assistants, secretarial, 

stenographic and clerical employees, who are working on this Proceeding (or any further 

proceedings herein) under the direction of such attorneys and to whom it is necessary that the 

Highly Confidential Materials be Disclosed for purposes of this Proceeding. Such employees, 

assistants, contractors and agents to whom such access is permitted and/or Disclosure is made 

shall, prior to such access or Disclosure, be advised of, and become subject to, the provisions of 

this Protective Order; 

b. Mental health experts (i.e., psychologists and/or psychiatrists) consulted by the 

undersigned Parties or their counsel in connection with the Proceeding; provided, however, that 

prior to the Disclosure of Highly Confidential Materials to any such expert or expert consultant, 

counsel for the Party making the Disclosure shall deliver a copy of this Stipulation and Protective 

Order to such person, shall explain its terms to such person, and shall secure the signature of such 

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person on a statement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A prior to the Disclosure of Highly 

Confidential Materials. It shall be the obligation of Trial Counsel, upon learning of any breach or 

threatened breach of this Stipulation and Protective Order by any such expert or expert consultant, 

to promptly notify Trial Counsel for the Designating Party of such breach or threatened breach; and

c. the Court.

9. Confidential Materials and Highly Confidential Materials shall be used by the 

persons or entities receiving them only for the purposes of preparing for, conducting, participating 

in the conduct of, and/or prosecuting and/or defending the Proceeding, and not for any business or 

other purpose whatsoever.

10. Any Party to the Proceeding (or other person subject to the terms of this Stipulation 

and Protective Order) may ask the Court, after appropriate notice to the other Parties to the 

Proceeding, to modify or grant relief from any provision of this Stipulation and Protective Order.

11. Entering into, agreeing to, and/or complying with the terms of this Stipulation and 

Protective Order shall not:

a. operate as an admission by any person that any particular Document, Testimony, or 

Information marked “Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” contains or reflects trade secrets, 

proprietary, confidential or competitively sensitive business, commercial, financial or personal 

information; or

b. prejudice in any way the right of any Party (or any other person subject to the terms 

of this Stipulation and Protective Order):

i. to seek a determination by the Court of whether any particular Confidential 

Materials or Highly Confidential Materials should be subject to protection under the terms of this 

Stipulation and Protective Order; or 

ii. to seek relief from the Court on appropriate notice to all other Parties to the 

Proceeding from any provision(s) of this Stipulation and Protective Order, either generally or as to 

any particular Document, Material or Information.

12. Any Party to the Proceeding who has not executed this Stipulation and Protective 

Order as of the time it is presented to the Court for signature may thereafter become a Party to this 

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Stipulation and Protective Order by its counsel’s signing and dating a copy thereof and filing the 

same with the Court, and serving copies of such signed and dated copy upon the other Parties to 

this Stipulation and Protective Order.

13. Any Information that may be produced by a non-Party witness in discovery in the 

Proceeding pursuant to subpoena or otherwise may be designated by such non-Party as 

“Confidential” or “Highly Confidential” under the terms of this Stipulation and Protective Order, 

and any such designation by a non-Party shall have the same force and effect, and create the same 

duties and obligations, as if made by one of the undersigned Parties hereto. Any such designation 

shall also function as consent by such producing non-Party to the authority of the Court in the 

Proceeding to resolve and conclusively determine any motion or other application made by any 

person or Party with respect to such designation, or any other matter otherwise arising under this 

Stipulation and Protective Order.

14. If any person subject to this Stipulation and Protective Order who has custody of 

any Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials receives a subpoena or other process 

(“Subpoena”) from any government or other person or entity demanding production of such 

materials, the recipient of the Subpoena shall promptly give notice of the same by electronic mail 

transmission, followed by either express mail or overnight delivery to counsel of record for the 

Designating Party, and shall furnish such counsel with a copy of the Subpoena. Upon receipt of this 

notice, the Designating Party may, in its sole discretion and at its own cost, move to quash or limit 

the Subpoena, otherwise oppose production of the Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential 

Materials, and/or seek to obtain confidential treatment of such materials from the subpoenaing 

person or entity to the fullest extent available under law. The recipient of the Subpoena may not 

produce any Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials pursuant to the Subpoena 

prior to the date specified for production on the Subpoena.

15. Nothing in this Stipulation and Protective Order shall be construed to preclude 

either Party from asserting in good faith that certain Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential 

Materials require additional protection. The Parties shall meet and confer to agree upon the terms 

of such additional protection. 

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16. If, after execution of this Stipulation and Protective Order, any Confidential 

Materials or Highly Confidential Materials submitted by a Designating Party under the terms of 

this Stipulation and Protective Order is Disclosed by a non-Designating Party to any person other 

than in the manner authorized by this Stipulation and Protective Order, the non-Designating Party 

responsible for the Disclosure shall bring all pertinent facts relating to the Disclosure of such 

Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials to the immediate attention of the 

Designating Party. 

17. This Stipulation and Protective Order is entered into without prejudice to the right 

of any Party to knowingly waive the applicability of this Stipulation and Protective Order to any 

Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials designated by that Party. If the 

Designating Party uses Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials in a nonConfidential manner, then the Designating Party shall advise that the designation no longer applies.

18. Where any Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials, or Information 

derived therefrom, is included in any motion or other proceeding governed by California Rules of 

Court, Rules 2.550 and 2.551, the Parties and any involved non-party shall follow those rules. With 

respect to discovery motions or other proceedings not governed by California Rules of Court, 

Rules 2.550 and 2.551, the following shall apply: If Confidential Materials, Highly Confidential 

Materials, or Information derived therefrom are submitted to or otherwise disclosed to the Court in 

connection with discovery motions and proceedings, the same shall be separately filed under seal 

with the clerk of the Court in an envelope marked: “CONFIDENTIAL – FILED UNDER SEAL 

PURSUANT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER AND WITHOUT ANY FURTHER SEALING ORDER 

REQUIRED.”

19. The Parties shall meet and confer regarding the procedures for use of any 

Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials at trial and shall move the Court for entry 

of an appropriate order. 

20. Nothing in this Stipulation and Protective Order shall affect the admissibility into 

evidence of Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials, or abridge the rights of any 

person to seek judicial review or to pursue other appropriate judicial action with respect to any 

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ruling made by the Court concerning the issue of the status of any Confidential Materials or Highly 

Confidential Materials. 

21. This Stipulation and Protective Order shall continue to be binding after the 

conclusion of this Proceeding and all subsequent proceedings arising from this Proceeding, except 

that a Party may seek the written permission of the Designating Party or may move the Court for 

relief from the provisions of this Stipulation and Protective Order. To the extent permitted by law, 

the Court shall retain jurisdiction to enforce, modify, or reconsider this Stipulation and Protective 

Order, even after the Proceeding is terminated. 

22. Upon written request made within thirty (30) days after the settlement or other 

termination of the Proceeding, the undersigned Parties shall have thirty (30) days to either (a) 

promptly return to counsel for each Designating Party all Confidential Materials and Highly 

Confidential Materials, and all copies thereof (except that counsel for each Party may maintain in 

its files, in continuing compliance with the terms of this Stipulation and Protective Order, all work 

product, and one copy of each pleading filed with the Court and one copy of each deposition 

together with the exhibits marked at the deposition), (b) agree with counsel for the Designating 

Party upon appropriate methods and certification of destruction or other disposition of such 

materials, or (c) as to any Documents, Testimony, or other Information not addressed by subparagraphs (a) and (b), file a motion seeking a Court order regarding proper preservation of such 

Materials. To the extent permitted by law the Court shall retain continuing jurisdiction to review 

and rule upon the motion referred to in sub-paragraph (c) herein.

23. After this Stipulation and Protective Order has been signed by counsel for all 

Parties, it shall be presented to the Court for entry. Counsel agree to be bound by the terms set forth 

herein with regard to any Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials that have been 

produced before the Court signs this Stipulation and Protective Order. 

24. The Parties and all signatories to the Certification attached hereto as Exhibit A agree 

to be bound by this Stipulation and Protective Order pending its approval and entry by the Court. In 

the event that the Court modifies this Stipulation and Protective Order, or in the event that the 

Court enters a different Protective Order, the Parties agree to be bound by this Stipulation and 

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Protective Order until such time as the Court may enter such a different Order. It is the Parties’ 

intent to be bound by the terms of this Stipulation and Protective Order pending its entry so as to 

allow for immediate production of Confidential Materials and Highly Confidential Materials under 

the terms herein.

This Stipulation and Protective Order may be executed in counterparts.

DATED: December 16, 2024 JML LAW, APLC

By: /S/ CHRISTINA MANALO

Christina R. Manalo

DATED: December 16, 2024 OGLETREE, DEAKINS, NASH, SMOAK & 

STEWART, P.C.

By: /s/ James T. Conley

James T. Conley

Haidy Rivera

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EXHIBIT A

CERTIFICATION RE CONFIDENTIAL DISCOVERY MATERIALS

I hereby acknowledge that I, ___________________________________[NAME], 

______________________________________________ [POSITION AND EMPLOYER], am 

about to receive Confidential Materials and/or Highly Confidential Materials supplied in 

connection with the Proceeding. I certify that I understand that the Confidential Materials and/or 

Highly Confidential Materials are provided to me subject to the terms and restrictions of the 

Amended Stipulation and Protective Order filed in this Proceeding. I have been given a copy of the 

Amended Stipulation and Protective Order; I have read it, and I agree to be bound by its terms. 

I understand that the Confidential Materials and Highly Confidential Materials, as defined 

in the Amended Stipulation and Protective Order, including any notes or other records that may be 

made regarding any such materials, shall not be Disclosed to anyone except as expressly permitted 

by the Stipulation and Protective Order. I will not copy or use, except solely for the purposes of 

this Proceeding, any Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials obtained pursuant to 

this Amended Stipulation and Protective Order, except as provided therein or otherwise ordered by 

the Court in the Proceeding. 

I further understand that I am to retain all copies of all Confidential Materials and Highly 

Confidential Materials provided to me in the Proceeding in a secure manner, and that all copies of 

such materials are to remain in my personal custody until termination of my participation in this 

Proceeding, whereupon the copies of such materials will be returned to counsel who provided me 

with such materials.

I declare under penalty of perjury, under the laws of the State of California, that the 

foregoing is true and correct. Executed this _____ day of ______, 20__, at __________________.

Signature

Name: ________________________________________

Affiliation: ________________________________________

Address: ________________________________________

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13 Case No. 1:23-cv-00949-JLT-BAM

HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL PROTECTIVE ORDER

ORDER

GOOD CAUSE APPEARING, the Court hereby adopts this Amended Stipulation and 

Protective Order (Doc. 38), with the exception of paragraph 18, which states:

18. Where any Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials, or 

Information derived therefrom, is included in any motion or other proceeding 

governed by California Rules of Court, Rules 2.550 and 2.551, the Parties and any 

involved non-party shall follow those rules. With respect to discovery motions or 

other proceedings not governed by California Rules of Court, Rules 2.550 and 

2.551, the following shall apply: If Confidential Materials, Highly Confidential 

Materials, or Information derived therefrom are submitted to or otherwise disclosed 

to the Court in connection with discovery motions and proceedings, the same shall 

be separately filed under seal with the clerk of the Court in an envelope marked: 

“CONFIDENTIAL – FILED UNDER SEAL PURSUANT TO PROTECTIVE 

ORDER AND WITHOUT ANY FURTHER SEALING ORDER REQUIRED.”

The parties are advised that pursuant to the Local Rules of the United States District Court, 

Eastern District of California, any Confidential Materials or Highly Confidential Materials, or 

Information derived therefrom subject to this amended protective order to be filed under seal must 

be accompanied by a written request which complies with Local Rule 141 prior to sealing. The 

party making a request to file documents under seal shall be required to show good cause for 

documents attached to a non-dispositive motion or compelling reasons for documents attached to a 

dispositive motion. Pintos v. Pacific Creditors Ass’n, 605 F.3d 665, 677-78 (9th Cir. 2009). Within 

five (5) days of any approved document filed under seal, the party shall file a redacted copy of the 

sealed document. The redactions shall be narrowly tailored to protect only the information that is 

confidential or was deemed confidential. 

Additionally, the parties shall consider resolving any dispute arising under the stipulated 

protective order according to the Court’s informal discovery dispute procedure.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: December 18, 2024 /s/ Barbara A. McAuliffe _

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

Case 1:23-cv-00949-JLT-BAM Document 39 Filed 12/18/24 Page 14 of 14