Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-alnd-2_12-cv-03857/USCOURTS-alnd-2_12-cv-03857-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 863
Nature of Suit: Social Security - DIWC/DIWW (405(g))
Cause of Action: 42:405 Review of HHS Decision (DIWC)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA

SOUTHERN DIVISION

CHERYL DEVELLE BONNER,

Plaintiff,

vs.

CAROLYN W. COLVIN, Acting

Commissioner of Social Security,

Defendant.

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CASE NO. 2:12-CV-3857-SLB

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Plaintiff Cheryl Develle Bonner brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g),1

seeking review of the Commissioner of Social Security’s final decision denying her

application for supplemental security income [“SSI”]. Upon review of the record and the

relevant law, the court is of the opinion that the Commissioner’s decision is due to be

affirmed.

I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Ms. Bonner initially filed an application for SSI on June 30, 2009. (Doc. 7-3 at

R.20.) Her claim was denied initially. (Id.) Thereafter, she requested a hearing before an 2

The judicial review provision for a disability insurance benefits claims, 42 U.S.C. §

1

405(g), also applies to claims for supplemental security income, see 42 U.S.C. § 1383(c)(3).

Reference to a document number, [“Doc. ___”], refers to the number assigned to each 2

document as it is filed in the court’s record. Reference to a page numbers in the

Commissioner’s record, [R.____], refers to the page number assigned to the record by the

Commissioner.

FILED

 2014 Sep-03 AM 09:39

U.S. DISTRICT COURT

N.D. OF ALABAMA

Case 2:12-cv-03857-SLB Document 10 Filed 09/03/14 Page 1 of 10
Administrative Law Judge [“ALJ”], which was held on September 1, 2010, in Birmingham,

Alabama. (Id.) After the hearing, the ALJ found that Ms. Bonner was capable of performing

her past relevant work as a hotel housekeeper. (Id. at 29.) In light of this finding, the ALJ

denied Ms. Bonner’s claim for SSI on November 23, 2010. (Id. at R.20, 29-30.)

Ms. Bonner then requested the Appeals Council to review the ALJ’s decision. On

September 3, 2012, the Appeals Council “found no reason under [its] rules to review the

Administrative Law Judge’s decision. Therefore, [it] denied [Ms. Bonner’s] request for

review,” and the ALJ’s decision became the final decision of the Commissioner. (Id. at R.4,

R.8.) Ms. Bonner filed an appeal of the Commissioner’s decision in this court on November

13, 2012. (See doc. 1.)

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

In reviewing claims brought under the Social Security Act, this court’s role is a

narrow one: “Our review of the Commissioner’s decision is limited to an inquiry into

whether there is substantial evidence to support the findings of the Commissioner, and

whether the correct legal standards were applied.” Wilson v. Barnhart, 284 F.3d 1219, 1221

(11th Cir. 2002); see also Lamb v. Bowen, 847 F.2d 698, 701 (11th Cir. 1988). The court

gives deference to factual findings and reviews questions of law de novo. Cornelius v.

Sullivan, 936 F.2d 1143, 1145 (11th Cir. 1991). The court “may not decide the facts anew,

reweigh the evidence, or substitute [its] judgment for that of the [Commissioner], rather [it]

must scrutinize the record as a whole to determine if the decision reached is reasonable and

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Case 2:12-cv-03857-SLB Document 10 Filed 09/03/14 Page 2 of 10
supported by substantial evidence.” Martin v. Sullivan, 894 F.2d 1520, 1529 (11th Cor.

1990)(quoting Bloodsworth v. Heckler, 703 F.2d 1233, 1239 (11th Cir.1983))(internal

quotations and other citation omitted). “The Commissioner’s factual findings are conclusive

if supported by substantial evidence.” Wilson, 284 F.3d at 1221 (citing Martin v. Sullivan,

894 F.2d 1520, 1529 (11th Cir. 1990); Allen v. Bowen, 816 F.2d 600, 602 (11th Cir. 1987)). 

“Substantial evidence” is “more than a scintilla and is such relevant evidence as a reasonable

person would accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Winschel v. Commissioner of

Social Sec., 631 F.3d 1176, 1178 (11th Cir. 2011)(internal quotations and citations omitted)

Conclusions of law made by the Commissioner are reviewed de novo. Cornelius, 936

F.2d at 1145. “No . . . presumption of validity attaches to the [Commissioner’s] conclusions

of law.” Wiggins v. Schweiker, 679 F.2d 1387, 1389 (11th Cir. 1982). 

III. DISCUSSION

A. THE FIVE-STEP EVALUATION

The regulations require the Commissioner to follow a five-step sequential evaluation

to determine whether a claimant is eligible for SSI. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(1)-(2);

Bowen v. City of New York, 476 U.S. 467, 470 (1986). “[A]n individual shall be considered

to be disabled for purposes of [determining eligibility for SSI benefits] if [she] is unable to

engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical

or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be

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Case 2:12-cv-03857-SLB Document 10 Filed 09/03/14 Page 3 of 10
expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months.” 42 U.S.C. §

1382c(a)(3)(A). The specific steps in the evaluation process are as follows:

1. Substantial Gainful Employment

First, the Commissioner must determine whether the claimant is engaged in

“substantial gainful activity.” Bowen v. Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 137 (1987). The regulations

define “substantial gainful activity” as “work activity that is both substantial and gainful.”3

20 C.F.R. § 416.972. If the claimant is working and that work is substantial gainful activity,

the Commissioner will find that the claimant is not disabled, regardless of the claimant’s

medical condition or her age, education, and work experience. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(b). 

“Under the first step, the claimant has the burden to show that she is not currently engaged

The regulation provides: 3

(a) Substantial work activity. Substantial work activity is work activity that

involves doing significant physical or mental activities. Your work may be

substantial even if it is done on a part-time basis or if you do less, get paid less,

or have less responsibility than when you worked before.

(b) Gainful work activity. Gainful work activity is work activity that you do

for pay or profit. Work activity is gainful if it is the kind of work usually done

for pay or profit, whether or not a profit is realized.

(c) Some other activities. Generally, we do not consider activities like taking

care of yourself, household tasks, hobbies, therapy, school attendance, club

activities, or social programs to be substantial gainful activity.

20 C.F.R. § 404.1572; 20 C.F.R. § 416.972.

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in substantial gainful activity.” Reynolds-Buckley v. Commissioner of Social Sec., 457 Fed.

Appx. 862, 863 (11th Cir. 2012).4

The ALJ found that Ms. Bonner had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since

June 30, 2009, the application date. (Doc. 7-3 at R.22.)

2. Severe Impairments

If the claimant is not engaged in substantial gainful activity, the Commissioner must

next determine whether the claimant suffers from a severe impairment or combination of

impairments that significantly limits the claimant’s physical or mental ability to do basic

work activities. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(ii), (c). “[A] ‘physical or mental impairment’ is

an impairment that results from anatomical, physiological, or psychological abnormalities

which are demonstrable by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic

techniques.” 42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3)(D). The regulations provide: “[I]f you do not have any

impairment or combination ofimpairments which significantlylimits your physical or mental

ability to do basic work activities, we will find that you do not have a severe impairment and

are, therefore, not disabled. We will not consider your age, education, and work experience.” 

20 C.F.R. § 416.920(c). “An impairment can be considered as not severe only if it is a slight

abnormality which has such a minimal effect on the individual that it would not be expected

Eleventh Circuit Rule 36-2 provides, in pertinent part, “An opinion shall be 4

unpublished unless a majority of the panel decides to publish it. Unpublished opinions are

not considered binding precedent, but they may be cited as persuasive authority.” 11th Cir.

R. 36-2 (emphasis added).

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to interfere with the individual’s ability to work, irrespective of age, education, or work

experience.” Brady v. Heckler, 724 F.2d 914, 920 (11th Cir. 1984); see also 20 C.F.R. §

416.921(a). A claimant may be found disabled based on a combination of impairments even

though none of the individual impairments alone are disabling. Walker v. Brown, 826 F.2d

996, 1001 (11th Cir. 1985); see also 20 C.F.R. § 416.923. A claimant has the burden to show

that she has a severe impairment or combination of impairments. Reynolds-Buckley, 457

Fed. Appx. at 863.

The ALJ found that Ms. Bonner had severe impairments of “substance abuse and

anxiety.” (Doc. 7-3 at R.22.) Also, the ALJ found Ms. Bonner had “non-severe impairments

of hypertension, . . . pancreatitis and hepatitis related to her alcohol abuse.” (Id. at R.23.) 

However, the ALJ found “there is no evidence that [Ms. Bonner] experiences any ongoing

functional limitations as a result of these [non-severe] impairments. (Id.)

3. The Listings

If the claimant has a severe impairment, the Commissioner must then determine

whether the claimant’s impairment meets the durational requirement and whether it is

equivalent to any one of the listed impairments, which are impairments that are so severe as

to prevent an individual with the described impairment from performing substantial gainful

activity. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(iii), (d)-(e); see 20 C.F.R. pt. 404, Subpart P, Appendix

1 [The Listings]. If the claimant’s impairment meets or equals a Listing, the Commissioner

must find the claimant disabled, regardless of the claimant’s age, education, and work

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experience. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(d). The claimant has the burden of proving that her

impairment meets or equals the criteria contained in one of the Listings. Reynolds-Buckley,

457 Fed. Appx. at 863.

The ALJ found that Ms. Bonner did not have an impairment or combination of

impairments that met or medically equaled a Listing. (Doc. 7-3 at R.24.)

4. Residual Functional Capacity and Past Relevant Work 

If the impairment does not meet or equal the criteria of a Listing, the claimant must

prove that her impairment prevents her from performing her past relevant work. See 20 C.F.

R. § 416.920(a)(4)(iv), (f). At step four, the Commissioner “will first compare [her]

assessment of [the claimant’s] residual functional capacity [“RFC”] with the physical and

mental demands of [the claimant’s] past relevant work. 20 C.F.R. § 416.960(b). “Past

relevant work is work that [the claimant has] done within the past 15 years, that was

substantial gainful activity, and that lasted long enough for [her] to learn to do it. 20 C.F.R.

§ 416.960(b)(1). If the claimant is capable of performing her past relevant work, the

Commissioner will find she is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(e). The claimant bears the

burden of establishing that the impairment prevents her from performing past work. 

Reynolds-Buckley, 457 Fed. Appx. at 863.

The ALJ found that Ms. Bonner had the following RFC:

The claimant has the residual functional capacity to perform a full range of work at

all exertional levels but with the following nonexertional limitations: limited to

repetitive, routine tasks; can perform work that needs little or no judgment and make

simple, work-related decisions; occasional, casual interaction with the general public;

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and occasional interaction with co-workers and supervisors. She is able to sustain

concentration and attention for two hours at one time with normal breaks sufficient

to complete an 8 hour workday.

(Doc. 7-3 at R.25.) After considering the testimony of a vocational expert, the ALJ found

that Ms. Bonner could perform her past relevant work as a hotel housekeeper. (Id. at R.29.)

5. Other Work in the National Economy

If the claimant establishes that she is unable to perform her past relevant work, the

Commissioner must show that the claimant – in light of her RFC, age, education, and work

experience – is capable of performing other work that exists in substantial numbers in the

national economy. Reynolds-Buckley, 457 Fed. Appx. at 863; see also 20 C.F.R. §

416.920(c)(1). The regulations provide:

If we find that your residual functional capacity is not enough to enable

you to do any of your past relevant work, we will use the same residual

functional capacity assessment we used to decide if you could do your past

relevant work when we decide if you can adjust to any other work. We will

look at your ability to adjust to other work by considering your residual

functional capacity and your vocational factors of age, education, and work

experience. Any other work (jobs) that you can adjust to must exist in

significant numbers in the national economy (either in the region where you

live or in several regions in the country). 

20 C.F.R. § 416.960(c)(1).

Because the ALJ found Ms. Bonner could perform her past relevant work as a hotel

housekeeper, she did not decide whether Ms. Bonner could perform any other jobs that exist

in the national economy considering her RFC and her vocational factors.

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B. ISSUES ON APPEAL

Ms. Bonner did not file a brief in support of her appeal of the Commissioner’s

decision to deny her claim for SSI. Moreover, her Complaint, filed on a General Complaint

Form for Pro Se Litigants, states only, “The facts of my case [are] that I am a disabled person

who has been denied twice.” (Doc. 1 at 2.) This conclusory statement does not raise any

specific issue of error; therefore, the court has reviewed the ALJ’s decision to insure that it

is based upon a correct application of the law and facts based on substantial evidence.

Based on its review of the administrative record, the court finds that the ALJ’s factual

findings are supported by substantial evidence and she correctly applied the law to those

facts. Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s finding that Ms. Bonner can perform her past

relevant work as a hotel housekeeper. (See doc. 7-3 at R.25-29; R.44-45; see, e.g., doc. 7-8

at R.280-87; doc. 7-9 at R.288-304.) Therefore, the Commissioner’s decision denying Ms.

Bonner’s claim for SSI will be affirmed. 

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CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth above, the decision of the Commissioner is due to be

affirmed. An Order affirming the decision of the Commissioner will be entered

contemporaneously with this Memorandum Opinion.

DONE this 2nd day of September, 2014.

SHARON LOVELACE BLACKBURN

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 

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