Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_13-cv-02519/USCOURTS-casd-3_13-cv-02519-21/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 470
Nature of Suit: Civil (Rico)
Cause of Action: 

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

ART COHEN, Individually and on Behalf 

of All Others Similarly Situated,

Plaintiff,

v.

DONALD J. TRUMP,

Defendant.

Case No.: 3:13-cv-02519-GPC-WVG

ORDER DENYING LEELAND O. 

WHITE’S “AMENDED MOTION TO 

SET ASIDE JUDGMENT” AND 

“AMENDED MOTION TO VACATE 

SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT AND 

REVERSE DENIAL OF MOTION TO 

INTERVENE”

[ECF Nos. 311, 315.]

Before the Court are Leeland O. White’s (“White’s”) “Amended Motion to Set 

Aside Judgment” and “Amended Motion to Vacate Settlement Agreement and Reverse 

Denial of Motion to Intervene.” (Dkt. Nos. 311, 315.) Because White is not a party to 

the case, the Court, out of an abundance of caution, construes White’s filings as a motion 

for reconsideration under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) and a supplemental brief, 

respectively. Defendants President Trump and Trump University, LLC, (“Defendants”) 

oppose. (Dkt. No. 319.) Plaintiff and Class Representative Art Cohen (“Plaintiff”) joins 

Defendants’ opposition. (Dkt. No. 320.) The Court finds the motion suitable for 

disposition without oral argument pursuant to Civil Local Rule 7.1(d)(1). Upon review of 

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the moving papers and applicable law, and for the reasons set below, the Court DENIES

White’s motions and VACATES the hearing scheduled for July 14, 2017.

RELEVANT BACKGROUND

The Court has previously recited the factual background in this case at length and 

will not reiterate it here. (See, e.g., Dkt. No. 53, Order Granting Motion for Class 

Certification.) A brief review of relevant procedural background suffices. 

On October 18, 2013, Plaintiff Art Cohen filed a Complaint on behalf of himself 

and all others similarly situated. (Dkt. No. 1, Compl.) Cohen filed a notice of related 

case, connecting his lawsuit with Low v. Trump University LLC, Case No. 3:10-cv00940-GPC-WVG, which was filed on April 30, 2010. (Dkt. No. 3.) On February 21, 

2014, the Court certified, in Low, a class of “[a]ll persons who purchased a Trump 

University three-day live ‘Fulfillment’ workshop and/or a ‘Elite’ program (‘Live Events’) 

in California, New York and Florida, and have not received a full refund.” (Low, Dkt. 

No. 298 at 35.)1 On October 27, 2014, the Court granted Plaintiff Cohen’s motion to 

certify a class of “[a]ll persons who purchased Live Events from Trump University 

throughout the United States from January 1, 2007 to the present.” (Cohen, Dkt. No. 53

at 22.)

On November 18, 2016, Plaintiffs in Cohen and Low executed a settlement 

agreement with Defendants, as well as with the New York State Attorney General. (Dkt. 

No. 279.) The Court granted the parties’ Joint Motion for Preliminary Approval of Class 

Action Settlement on December 20, 2016. (Dkt. No. 282.) The Court set a final approval 

hearing for March 30, 2017. (Id. at 9.) 

On November 18, 2016, White, proceeding pro se, first attempted to file an ex 

parte motion to intervene by right.2(Dkt. No. 280.) The filing was rejected for failure to 

 

1 All citations to the record therein are based upon the pagination imprinted by the CM/ECF system.

2 On November 28, 2016, White also filed an objection letter and motion to intervene in Low, entitled 

“Ex Parte Objection to Settlement Agreement Dismissing This Case on December 19, 2016 Sua Sponte 

and Ex Parte Motion to Intervene Pursuant to Rule 24 Fed. R. Civ. P.” (Dkt. No. 582.) The filing was 

rejected for non-compliance with the Civil Local Rules. (Id.) Moreover, White is not a class member. 

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comply with the Civil Local Rules. (Id.) White then attempted to file another motion to 

intervene on January 10, 2017. (Dkt. No. 284.) The filing was rejected, again, for noncompliance with the Civil Local Rules.3

(Id.) 

White filed an “Amended Ex Parte Motion in Right to Intervene and to Object,”

nunc pro tunc to January 19, 2017. (Dkt. No. 287.) On February 6, 2017, Defendants 

filed an opposition brief. (Dkt. No. 291.) Plaintiff joined Defendants’ opposition. (Dkt. 

No. 292.) White filed a reply, nunc pro tunc to February 17, 2017. (Dkt. No. 297.)4 On 

March 23, 2017, the Court entered an Order denying White’s motion to intervene. (Dkt. 

No. 303.)

The Court held a final approval hearing on March 30, 2017. (Low, Dkt. No. 617; 

Cohen, Dkt. No. 304.) On March 31, 2017, the Court granted the Parties’ joint motion 

for final approval of the Settlement and granted Plaintiffs’ motion for approval of class 

representative awards. (Low, Dkt. No. 618; Cohen, Dkt. No. 305.) Final judgment was 

entered on the same day. (Low, Dkt. No. 619; Cohen, Dkt. No. 306.)

White filed the instant motion for reconsideration on May 3, 2017. (Dkt. No. 311.) 

He subsequently filed a supplemental brief on May 22, 2017. (Dkt. No. 315.) 

Defendants filed a response in opposition on May 25, 2017, and Plaintiff filed a Notice of 

 

In any event, his objection letter was filed before the Court preliminarily approved the settlement and set 

forth procedural requirements for objecting to the settlement. To the extent his rejected application to 

intervene is cognizable, it fails for the same reasons his accepted motion to intervene failed. 

3 White objects to the Court’s rejection of his filings for noncompliance with the Civil Local Rules. 

However, “[t]he district court has considerable latitude in managing the parties’ motion practice and 

enforcing local rules that place parameters on briefing.” Christian v. Mattel, Inc., 286 F.3d 1118, 1129 

(9th Cir. 2002). Moreover, White’s objections do not cure the legal deficiencies in his motions.

4 White has repeatedly attempted to file motions entitled “Motion to Determine Possible Conspiracy 

Pursuant to Title 18 U.S.C. § 241 and If Such Offense May Be a High Crime or Misdemeanor,” (Dkt. 

No. 290), “Leave of Court to File Motion to Determine Possible Conspiracy Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 241 

and If Such Offense May Be a High Crime or Misdemeanor,” (Dkt. No. 293), and “Amended Motion 

and Memoranda Concerning Conspiracy to Title 18 U.S.C. § 241 and to Declare Defendant Has 

Committed a High Crime or Misdemeanor,” (Dkt. No. 300). White’s filings were rejected for 

noncompliance with the Civil Local Rules, and on grounds that he is not a party to the case, a fact 

plainly evident from his failed attempts to intervene. (See Dkt. Nos. 290, 293, 300.)

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Joinder to Defendants’ response. (Dkt. Nos. 319, 320.) White filed a reply, nunc pro 

tunc to June 16, 2017. (Dkt. No. 328.)

LEGAL STANDARD

A district court may reconsider a judgment under either Federal Rule of Civil 

Procedure (“Rule”) 59(e) or 60(b).5 See Sch. Dist. No. 1J, Multnomah Cty., Or. v. 

ACandS, Inc., 5 F.3d 1255, 1262 (9th Cir. 1993). Rule 60(b) provides for reconsideration 

only upon a showing of: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; (2) 

newly discovered evidence; (3) fraud, misrepresentation, or misconduct by an opposing 

party; (4) a void judgment; (5) a satisfied or discharged judgment; or (6) any other reason 

that justifies relief. Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b); see also Sch. Dist. No. 1J, Multnomah Cty., 

Or., 5 F.3d at 1263 (quoting Fuller v. M.G. Jewelry, 950 F.2d 1437, 1442 (9th Cir. 

1991)). A “party seeking relief under Rule 60(b)(6) must show ‘extraordinary 

circumstances’ justifying the reopening of a final judgment.” Wood v. Ryan, 759 F.3d 

1117, 1120 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Gonzalez v. Crosby, 545 U.S. 524, 535 (2005)).

In addition, Local Civil Rule 7.1(i)(1) provides that a motion for reconsideration 

must include an affidavit or certified statement of a party or attorney 

setting forth the material facts and circumstances surrounding each prior 

application, including inter alia: (1) when and to what judge the application was 

made, (2) what ruling or decision or order was made thereon, and (3) what new and 

different facts and circumstances are claimed to exist which did not exist, or were 

not shown upon such prior application. 

Local Civ. R. 7.1(i)(1).6 

 

5 White contends that he is entitled to reconsideration under both Rule 59(e) and 60(b). However, 

White’s Rule 59(e) motion is time-barred because it was filed more than twenty-eight days after entry of 

judgment. Even if White’s Rule 59(e) motion were timely, it nonetheless fails on the merits. “A district 

court may grant a Rule 59(e) motion if it ‘is presented with newly discovered evidence, committed clear 

error, or if there is an intervening change in the controlling law.’” Wood v. Ryan, 759 F.3d 1117, 1121 

(9th Cir. 2014) (quoting McDowell v. Calderon, 197 F.3d 1253, 1255 (9th Cir. 1999) (en banc)). 

White’s motion presents none of the above.

6 White has not complied with Local Rule 7.1(i)(1).

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The Court has discretion in granting or denying a motion for reconsideration. 

Fuller, 950 F.2d at 1441. Reconsideration is “an extraordinary remedy, to be used 

sparingly in the interests of finality and conservation of judicial resources.” United States 

v. Rivercliff Farm, Inc., No. 3:16-CV-1248-SI, 2016 WL 6662696, at *1 (D. Or. Nov. 10, 

2016) (citing Carroll v. Nakatani, 342 F.3d 934, 945 (9th Cir. 2003)). “[W]here the 

motion for reconsideration raises no new arguments, but instead relies on the same 

arguments made in the party’s original opposition, the motion for reconsideration should 

be denied.” United States v. Goo, No. 00-00540, 2002 WL 1760850, at *1 (D. Haw. June 

3, 2002); see also Glavor v. Shearson Lehman Hutton, Inc., 879 F. Supp. 1028, 1032 

(N.D. Cal. 1994); Fuller, 950 F.2d at 1442; Backlund v. Barnhart, 778 F.2d 1386, 1388 

(9th Cir. 1985). “A motion for reconsideration should not be used to ask the court ‘to 

rethink what the court had already thought through—rightly or wrongly.’” United States 

v. Rezzonico, 32 F. Supp. 2d 1112, 1116 (D. Ariz. 1998) (quoting Above the Belt, Inc. v. 

Mel Bohannan Roofing, Inc., 99 F.R.D. 99, 101 (E.D. Va. 1983)).

DISCUSSION

White moves the Court to (1) reconsider its Order denying his motion to intervene,

(Dkt. No. 315 at 13), and to (2) vacate the settlement agreement and continue the matter 

to jury trial, (Dkt. No. 311 at 8–9). White’s contentions are meritless.

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A. Reconsideration of Denial of White’s Motion to Intervene

White fails to show that he is entitled to reconsideration on any of the grounds 

enumerated in Rule 60(b). See Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b); Sch. Dist. No. 1J, Multnomah Cty., 

Or., 5 F.3d at 1263. He merely reiterates arguments the Court previously considered and 

rejected when denying his motion to intervene.8(Compare Dkt. Nos. 311, 315 with Dkt. 

 

7 White also supplies numerous unsubstantiated and irrelevant allegations, including, inter alia, criminal 

activity by Defendants, conspiracy by the government and all parties’ counsel, and obstruction of justice 

by the Court and the Clerk of this Court. The Court declines to address these irrelevant allegations.

8 To the extent any of White’s arguments are “new” arguments, White waived such arguments by failing 

to timely raise them in his original motion to intervene. See, e.g., Johnson v. CFS II, Inc., 628 F. App’x 

505 (9th Cir. 2016) (“The district court correctly found that CFS’s Rule 60(b)(6) motion was untimely 

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No. 287.) White’s rehashed arguments do not merit reconsideration.9 See White v. 

Square, Inc., 2016 WL 6647927, at *2 (N.D. Cal. 2016) (“A party seeking 

reconsideration under Rule 59 and Rule 60 must do more than rehash arguments or 

recapitulate cases already considered by the court.”); Phillips v. C.R. Bard, Inc., 290 

F.R.D. 615, 670 (D. Nev. 2013) (“[M]otions for reconsideration are not the proper 

vehicles for rehashing old arguments and are not intended to give an unhappy litigant one 

additional chance to sway the judge.” (internal citation omitted)).

White admits that his “sole purpose” for attempting to intervene is to “compell 

[sic] the United States” to launch a criminal investigation of Defendants. (Dkt. No. 311 

at 9.) At bottom, White’s concerns bear no relation to the operative legal issues in Low 

and Cohen. White’s stated purpose for seeking intervention does not allow him to 

intervene as of right or permissively, much less entitle him to the extraordinary remedy of 

reconsideration.

B. Motion to Vacate Judgment

A nonparty to the litigation has standing to file a motion to vacate judgment “only 

in exceptional circumstances when: (1) the party participated in the proceedings below; 

and (2) the equities favor hearing the appeal.” Citibank Int’l v. Collier-Traino, Inc., 809 

F.2d 1438, 1441 (9th Cir. 1987); see also Padilla v. Willner, No. 15-CV-04866-JST, 

2016 WL 860948, at *9 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 7, 2016).

 

and that the previously unraised arguments were waived.”); accord Figy v. Amy’s Kitchen, Inc., 2014 

WL 3362178, at *3 (N.D. Cal. 2014) (“A Rule 59(e) or Rule 60(b) motion cannot be used to . . . raise 

new arguments that could have previously been presented prior to the entry of judgment.”).

9

In any event, White’s arguments lack merit. White asserts that 18 U.S.C. § 1962 and Leeke v. 

Timmerman, 454 U.S. 83 (1981), provide him with an unconditional right to intervene under Rule 

24(a)(1). White’s reading of the law is in error. 18 U.S.C. § 1962, a section of the criminal RICO 

statute, does not provide White an unconditional right to intervene. Nor does Leeke provide such an 

unconditional right to intervene—to the contrary, “a private citizen lacks a judicially cognizable interest 

in the prosecution or non-prosecution of another.” Leeke, 454 U.S. at 86 (quoting Linda R. S. v. Richard 

D., 410 U.S. 614, 619 (1973)). White also asserts that he was not served the Notice of Joinder by 

Plaintiff in objection to his motion to intervene. White’s contention that Plaintiff’s failure to serve him 

warrants reversal of the denial of his motion to intervene lacks any support in the law. Moreover, the 

record reflects that Plaintiff did in fact serve White. (See Dkt. No. 292 at 4.)

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White fails to establish “exceptional circumstances” under either prong. First, 

White did not participate in the proceedings in this matter. White’s participation is 

limited to his filing of an unsuccessful motion to intervene. Simply filing a motion to 

intervene does not grant nonparties standing to challenge a final judgment. See S. 

California Edison Co. v. Lynch, 307 F.3d 794, 804 (9th Cir. 2002); Padilla, 2016 WL 

860948, at *9. Second, the equities do not favor allowing White to challenge the 

judgment, as White’s interests fall far outside of the scope of the legal issues in Low or 

Cohen.

10

 C.f. Herring v. F.D.I.C., 82 F.3d 282, 285 (9th Cir. 1995) (“A party with no 

interest in the litigation generally has no standing.”).

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the Court DENIES White’s “Amended Motion to Set 

Aside Judgment” and “Amended Motion to Vacate Settlement Agreement and Reverse 

Denial of Motion to Intervene.” (Dkt. Nos. 311, 315.) The hearing scheduled for July 

14, 2017 is VACATED.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: June 27, 2017

 

10 White’s assertion that Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 68 divested the Court of jurisdiction in Low is 

unsubstantiated and meritless.

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