Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_09-cv-00895/USCOURTS-casd-3_09-cv-00895-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

JAMES LYNN O’HINES, 

aka JACKSON MALLOY,

ADC #197067; CDCR #K-86989,

Civil No. 09-0895 WQH (WMc)

Plaintiff, ORDER DISMISSING CIVIL

ACTION WITHOUT PREJUDICE

FOR FAILING TO PAY FILING FEE

REQUIRED BY 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a) 

vs.

JEFF FREELAND, Warden,

Defendant.

Plaintiff, a former California inmate currently incarcerated at the Arizona State Prison

Complex in Florence, Arizona, and proceeding pro se, has filed a civil action.

I. Failure to Pay Filing Fee or Request IFP Status

All parties instituting any civil action, suit or proceeding in a district court of the United

States, other than a writ of habeas corpus, must pay a filing fee of $350. See 28 U.S.C.

§ 1914(a). An action may proceed despite a party’s failure to pay only if the party is granted

leave to proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a). See Rodriguez v.

Cook, 169 F.3d 1176, 1177 (9th Cir. 1999). 

/ / /

/ / /

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Plaintiff has not prepaid the $350 filing fee required to commence this action, nor has he

submitted a Motion to Proceed IFP. Therefore, the action is subject to immediate dismissal

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a). Moreover, the Court notes that while it would ordinarily grant

Plaintiff leave to file a Motion for IFP, he is no longer entitled to that privilege. 

Section 1915 of Title 28 of the United States Code allows certain litigants to pursue civil

litigation IFP, that is, without the full prepayment of fees or costs. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2).

However, the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”) amended section 1915 to preclude the

privilege to proceed IFP:

. . . if the prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while

incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal

in a court of the United States that was dismissed on the grounds

that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which

relief can be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger

of serious physical injury.

28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). “This subdivision is commonly known as the ‘three strikes’ provision.”

Andrews v. King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1116 n.1 (9th Cir. 2005) (hereafter “Andrews”). “Pursuant to

§ 1915(g), a prisoner with three strikes or more cannot proceed IFP.” Id.; see also Andrews v.

Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1052 (9th Cir. 2007) (hereafter “Cervantes”) (under the PLRA,

“[p]risoners who have repeatedly brought unsuccessful suits may entirely be barred from IFP

status under the three strikes rule[.]”). The objective of the PLRA is to further “the

congressional goal of reducing frivolous prisoner litigation in federal court.” Tierney v. Kupers,

128 F.3d 1310, 1312 (9th Cir. 1997). 

“Strikes are prior cases or appeals, brought while the plaintiff was a prisoner, which were

dismissed on the ground that they were frivolous, malicious, or failed to state a claim,”

Andrews, 398 F.3d at 1116 n.1 (internal quotations omitted), “even if the district court styles

such dismissal as a denial of the prisoner’s application to file the action without prepayment of

the full filing fee.” O’Neal v. Price, 531 F.3d 1146, 1153 (9th Cir. 2008). Once a prisoner has

accumulated three strikes, he is prohibited by section 1915(g) from pursuing any other IFP

action in federal court unless he can show he is facing “imminent danger of serious physical

injury.” See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1051-52 (noting § 1915(g)’s exception

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for IFP complaints which “make[] a plausible allegation that the prisoner faced ‘imminent

danger of serious physical injury’ at the time of filing.”).

And while the PLRA does not require a prisoner to declare that § 1915(g) does not bar

a request to proceed IFP, Andrews, 398 F.3d at 1119, “[i]n some instances, the district court

docket records may be sufficient to show that a prior dismissal satisfies at least one of the criteria

under § 1915(g) and therefore counts as a strike.” Id. at 1120. That is the case here.

A court “‘may take notice of proceedings in other courts, both within and without the

federal judicial system, if those proceedings have a direct relation to matters at issue.’” Bias v.

Moynihan, 508 F.3d 1212, 1225 (9th Cir. 2007) (quoting Bennett v. Medtronic, Inc., 285 F.3d

801, 803 n.2 (9th Cir. 2002)); see also United States ex rel. Robinson Rancheria Citizens

Council v. Borneo, Inc., 971 F.2d 244, 248 (9th Cir. 1992). Thus, this Court takes judicial notice

that Plaintiff has had more than three prior prisoner civil actions dismissed on the grounds that

they were frivolous, malicious, or failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. See

Hines v. City of San Diego Police Dep’t, Civil Case No. 00-0969 K (LAB) (S.D. Cal. June 21,

1999) (Order dismissing complaint for failure to state a claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(e)(2)(b)(ii) & 1915A(b)(1)) (strike one); Malloy v. Kowolski, Civil Case No. 00-1186 W

(LAB) (S.D. Cal. June 30, 2000) (Order dismissing complaint as frivolous pursuant to 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(e)(2)(B)) (strike two); Hines v. Hissong, Civil Case No. 00-1177 JM (NLS) (S.D. Cal.

July 14, 2000) (Order dismissing complaint as frivolous pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B))

(strike three); Malloy v. Corcoran Prison, Civil Case No. 00-5660 REC (DLB) (E.D. Cal. Sept.

25, 2000) (Order dismissing complaint as frivolous) (strike four); Hines v. Jaffe, Civil Case No.

00-2078 W (CGA) (S.D. Cal. Nov. 7, 2000) (Order dismissing complaint as frivolous) (strike

five); Malloy v. Galaza, Civil Case No. 00-5647 AWI (HGB) (E.D. Cal. Dec. 13, 2000) (Order

dismissing action for failing to state a claim) (strike six); and Malloy v. Corcoran Prison, Civil

Case No. 99-6647 REC (SMS) (E.D. Cal. Dec. 15, 2000) (Order dismissing complaint as

frivolous and for failing to state a claim) (strike seven).

Accordingly, because Plaintiff has, while incarcerated, accumulated more than three

“strikes” pursuant to § 1915(g) and his present Complaint, which is virtually impossible to

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decipher, does not include any “plausible allegation” of imminent danger of serious physical

injury at the time he filed it, Plaintiff is not entitled the opportunity to proceed IFP in this action.

See Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1055; Rodriguez, 169 F.3d at 1180 (finding that 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g)

“does not prevent all prisoners from accessing the courts; it only precludes prisoners with a

history of abusing the legal system from continuing to abuse it while enjoying IFP status”); see

also Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1231 (9th Cir. 1984) (“[C]ourt permission to proceed

IFP is itself a matter of privilege and not right.”).

II. Conclusion and Order

For the reasons set forth above, the Court hereby:

(1) DISMISSES this action sua sponte without prejudice for failing to pay the $350

filing fee pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a), and

(2) GRANTS Plaintiff forty five (45) days leave from the date this Order is Filed to

pay the $350 civil filing fee in full.

However, IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that if Plaintiff fails to pay the entire $350 civil

filing fee within the 45 days provided, this civil action shall remain dismissed without prejudice

and without further Order of the Court.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: May 7, 2009

WILLIAM Q. HAYES

United States District Judge

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