Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-azd-2_09-cv-01988/USCOURTS-azd-2_09-cv-01988-2/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 555
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Prison Condition
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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WO KM

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

Roy C. Earley, 

Plaintiff, 

vs.

Charles L. Ryan, et al., 

Defendants. 

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No. CV 09-1988-PHX-MHM (JRI)

ORDER

Plaintiff Roy C. Earley, who is confined in the Arizona State Prison Complex-Eyman,

filed a pro se civil rights Complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and an Application to

Proceed In Forma Pauperis. On November 9, 2009, the Court granted Plaintiff in forma

pauperis status and dismissed the Complaint with leave to amend (Doc. #5). On November

24, 2009, Plaintiff filed a First Amended Complaint (Doc. #7). By Order filed January 19,

2010, the Court dismissed the Amended Complaint with leave to amend (Doc. #8). On

February 8, 2010, Plaintiff filed a Second Amended Complaint (Doc. #9). The Court will

dismiss the Second Amended Complaint and this action.

I. Statutory Screening of Prisoner Complaints

The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against

a governmental entity or an officer or an employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915A(a). The Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if a plaintiff has raised

claims that are legally frivolous or malicious, that fail to state a claim upon which relief may

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be granted, or that seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief.

28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). 

A pleading must contain a “short and plain statement of the claim showing that the

pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2) (emphasis added). While Rule 8 does not

demand detailed factual allegations, “it demands more than an unadorned, the-defendantunlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009).

“Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory

statements, do not suffice.” Id.

“[A] complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a

claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Id. (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly,

550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). A claim is plausible “when the plaintiff pleads factual content

that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the

misconduct alleged.” Id. “Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for

relief [is] . . . a context-specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial

experience and common sense.” Id. at 1950. Thus, although a plaintiff’s specific factual

allegations may be consistent with a constitutional claim, a court must assess whether there

are other “more likely explanations” for a defendant’s conduct. Id. at 1951.

If the Court determines that a pleading could be cured by the allegation of other facts,

a pro se litigant is entitled to an opportunity to amend a complaint before dismissal of the

action. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127-29 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc). The Court

should not, however, advise the litigant how to cure the defects. This type of advice “would

undermine district judges’ role as impartial decisionmakers.” Pliler v. Ford, 542 U.S. 225,

231 (2004); see also Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1131 n.13 (declining to decide whether the court was

required to inform a litigant of deficiencies). Plaintiff’s Second Amended Complaint will

be dismissed for failure to state a claim, without leave to amend, because the Court finds that

further amendment would be futile.

. . .

. . .

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II. Second Amended Complaint

In the Second Amended Complaint, Plaintiff sues Arizona Department of Corrections

Director Charles L. Ryan, Associate Deputy Warden D. Carrillo, Chief of Operations Captain

S. Fay, and Corrections Officer IV J.T. Neal.

Plaintiff raises three grounds for relief:

(1) Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment rights were violated, and Plaintiff’s character

defamed, when Defendants placed him in a sex offender unit after erroneously

classifying him as having a current sex offense;

(2) Plaintiff’s Fifth Amendment and equal protection rights were violated when

Plaintiff was moved from the sex offender unit to a general population unit

where other inmates yelled and made threats against him before he was moved

back to the sex offender unit; and 

(3) Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment rights were violated when Plaintiff was placed

in a sex offender unit based on erroneous information that Plaintiff was

convicted of a sex offense when he was actually convicted of a drug offense.

Plaintiff seeks injunctive relief and money damages.

III. Failure to State a Claim

A. Counts I and III

To state an Eighth Amendment failure-to-protect claim, plaintiff must first show that

the alleged constitutional deprivation is objectively, “sufficiently serious;” the official’s act

or omission must result in the denial of “the minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities.”

Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994). Second, the plaintiff must show that the

prison official had a “sufficiently culpable state of mind,” i.e., the prison official must act

with deliberate indifference to inmate health or safety. Id. In defining “deliberate

indifference” in this context, the Supreme Court has imposed a subjective test:

the official must both be aware of the facts from which the inference could be

drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists, and he must also draw the

inference.

Id. at 839 (emphasis added).

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Plaintiff’s facts in Count I and III do not demonstrate that the individually named

Defendants were deliberately indifferent to a risk of serious harm to Plaintiff’s safety;

Plaintiff has not shown that the individual Defendants were aware Plaintiff’s safety was

threatened by his housing and classification assignments, but failed to take appropriate

action. 

Plaintiff has demonstrated, at most, that Defendants may have negligently relied on

erroneous information when placing him in a sex offender unit. Negligent acts are not

sufficient to demonstrate an Eighth Amendment violation. The Constitution “does not

guarantee due care on the part of state officials; liability for negligently inflicted harm is

categorically beneath the threshold of constitutional due process.” County of Sacramento

v. Lewis, 523 U.S. 833, 849 (1998). 

Further, the only injury Plaintiff has alleged is that his character was defamed and

that he was the victim of slander. Both slander and libel concern damage to reputation. An

action for damage to reputation “lies . . . in the tort of defamation, not in [42 U.S.C. §] 1983.”

Fleming v. Dep’t of Public Safety, 837 F.2d 401, 409 (9th Cir. 1988). The Court will dismiss

Counts I and III for failure to state a claim.

B. Count II

In Count II, Plaintiff claims his equal protection rights were violated when Defendants

briefly transferred him to a general population unit. Plaintiff has failed to state an equal

protection claim. Generally, “[t]o state a claim . . . for a violation of the Equal Protection

Clause . . . [,] a plaintiff must show that the defendants acted with an intent or purpose to

discriminate against the plaintiff based upon membership in a protected class.” Barren v.

Harrington, 152 F.3d 1193, 1194 (9th Cir. 1998). The allegedly erroneous classification of

Plaintiff as a sex offender does not place Plaintiff in a protected class. Moreover, Plaintiff

has not alleged that Defendants transferred him to a general population unit with an intent

or purpose to discriminate against Plaintiff.

To the extent that Plaintiff may be alleging his safety was threatened by the transfer,

Plaintiff has not alleged facts showing that Defendants were aware of a threat to Plaintiff’s

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safety and failed to act. To the contrary, Plaintiff alleges that he was subsequently

transferred back the sex offender unit. The Court will dismiss Count II for failure to state a

claim.

IV. Dismissal without Leave to Amend

Leave to amend need not be given if a complaint as amended is subject to dismissal.

Moore v. Kayport Package Exp., Inc., 885 F.2d 531, 538 (9th Cir. 1989). The Court’s

discretion to deny or grant leave to amend is particularly broad where Plaintiff has previously

been permitted to amend his complaint. See Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe v. United

States, 90 F.3d 351, 355 (9th Cir. 1996). Failure to cure deficiencies by previous

amendments is one of the factors to be considered in deciding whether justice requires

granting leave to amend. Moore, 885 F.2d at 538. The Court has reviewed the original

Complaint, First Amended Complaint, and Second Amended Complaint and finds that

further amendment of Plaintiff’s claims would be futile. The Court will therefore dismiss the

Second Amended Complaint without leave to amend.

IT IS ORDERED: 

(1) The Second Amended Complaint (Doc. #9) is dismissed for failure to state a

claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), and the Clerk of Court must enter judgment

accordingly.

(2) The Clerk of Court must make an entry on the docket stating that the dismissal

for failure to state a claim may count as a “strike” under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g).

DATED this 5th day of April, 2010.

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