Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-alsd-1_05-cv-00369/USCOURTS-alsd-1_05-cv-00369-1/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 190
Nature of Suit: Other Contract Actions
Cause of Action: 28:1332 Diversity-Other Contract

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1 In the wake of the Third-Party Complaint, Matthews requested and received leave

to file a First Amended Class Action Complaint (doc. 52) that, inter alia, named D&M and

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA

SOUTHERN DIVISION

LAURA MATTHEWS, )

Plaintiff, )

 )

v. )

 )

BROOKSTONE STORES, INC., et al., )

Defendants. )

 ) CIVIL ACTION 05-0369-WS-C

 )

BROOKSTONE STORES, INC., )

Third-Party Plaintiff, )

 )

v. )

 )

CHRISTOPHER LOZZIO and D&M )

SALES, INC., )

Third-Party Defendants. )

ORDER

This matter is before the Court on defendant/third-party plaintiff Brookstone Stores,

Inc.’s Rule 41 Notice of Dismissal without Prejudice (doc. 53), as well as plaintiff’s Notice of

Conditional Objection to Dismissal (doc. 54).

This action was filed as a putative class action by plaintiff Laura Matthews (“Matthews”)

alleging that defendant Brookstone Stores, Inc. (“Brookstone”) had sold her an air purifier that

failed to remove impurities from the air, but instead exposed her to harmful levels of ozone. On

September 20, 2005, Brookstone, with leave of Court, filed a Third-Party Complaint (doc. 23)

against Christopher Lozzio (“Lozzio”) and D&M Sales, Inc. (“D&M”) pursuant to Rule 14(a),

Fed.R.Civ.P. The Third-Party Complaint purported to assert claims against these third-party

defendants (who allegedly designed, manufactured and/or distributed the air purifiers) on

grounds of indemnity and breach of express and implied warranties.1

 On November 14, 2005,

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Lozzio as additional defendants and brought claims against them for breach of implied

warranties, unjust enrichment, money had and received, conspiracy and permanent injunction. 

To date, Lozzio has not filed an answer or other responsive pleading to the First Amended

Complaint.

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Lozzio filed a Motion to Dismiss (doc. 45) the Third-Party Complaint against him, asserting that

he lacks the requisite minimum contacts with Alabama for this District Court to exercise

personal jurisdiction over him, that he has not personally entered into contracts or agreements of

any kind with Brookstone, and that Brookstone’s “alter ego” theory of liability is frivolous.

In response to Lozzio’s Motion to Dismiss, on November 28, 2005 Brookstone filed a

Rule 41 Notice of Dismissal purporting to dismiss its claims against Lozzio without prejudice. 

The following day, Matthews filed a “Conditional Objection” to such dismissal, inasmuch as her

claims against Lozzio appear similar to and subject to the same defenses as the third-party claims

interposed by Brookstone, which Brookstone now wishes to abandon. According to Matthews,

the impetus for her objection is her anticipation that Lozzio will seek dismissal of the First

Amended Complaint on the same grounds that he identified in his Motion to Dismiss the ThirdParty Complaint, and her desire not to be perceived as waiving any objections to Lozzio’s

position. Matthews requests that Lozzio not be dismissed as a party “absent Plaintiff being

provided the opportunity to take a telephonic deposition of Lozzio for the limited purpose of

confirming and clarifying issues and allegations raised in Lozzio’s submitted affidavit.” 

(Objection, at 1-2.)

Matthews’ Objection is unavailing. Rules 41(a) and (c) confer upon third-party plaintiffs

such as Brookstone an absolute right to dismiss third-party claims “without order of court ... by

filing a notice of dismissal at any time before service by the adverse party of an answer or of a

motion for summary judgment, whichever first occurs.” Rule 41(a)(1), Fed.R.Civ.P.; see also

Matthews v. Gaither, 902 F.2d 877, 880 (11th Cir. 1990) (“It is well established that Rule

41(a)(1)(i) grants a plaintiff an unconditional right to dismiss his complaint by notice and

without an order of the court at any time prior to the defendant's service of an answer or a motion

for summary judgment.”); Janssen v. Harris, 321 F.3d 998, 1000 (10th Cir. 2003) (“Once the

notice of dismissal has been filed, the district court loses jurisdiction over the dismissed claims

and may not address the merits of such claims or issue further orders pertaining to them.”). 

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2 To the extent that the Conditional Objection requests leave for Matthews to

engage in jurisdictional discovery antecedent to disposition of Lozzio’s contemplated motion to

dismiss as to Matthews’ claims, such a request is premature. Lozzio has not yet filed any Rule

12 pleading as to Matthews’ claims, so Matthews’ assumption that Lozzio will simply file a

“copycat motion” tracking his motion as to Brookstone may or may not be valid. The Court will

refrain from issuing advisory rulings as to what discovery will or will not be allowed in the event

that Lozzio files a similar motion to dismiss in response to Matthews’ claims.

-3-

Here, Lozzio has not filed an answer, but has simply filed a Rule 12(b) motion in response to the

Third-Party Complaint. Under the circumstances, Rule 41(a) confers upon Brookstone a right to

voluntarily dismiss its claims against Lozzio without judicial approval, because a pending Rule

12(b) motion does not strip a plaintiff of its absolute right to take a voluntary dismissal. See,

e.g.,Carter v. United States, 547 F.2d 258, 259 (5th Cir. 1977) (explaining that “rule 41(a)(1)

means what it says,” that motion to dismiss does not cut off plaintiff’s absolute right to dismiss

claims, and that defendants seeking to terminate such right may do so via simple step of filing an

answer); Swedberg v. Marotzke, 339 F.3d 1139, 1145 (9th Cir. 2003) (observing that “Rule

41(a)(1) specifically allows a plaintiff to dismiss a complaint without prejudice in the face of a

12(b)(6) motion”); In re Microsoft Corp. Antitrust Litigation, 332 F. Supp.2d 890, 895 (D. Md.

2004) (“A motion to dismiss is neither an answer, nor...a motion for summary judgment, and

does not, therefore, operate to terminate the right of dismissal by notice.”) (citation omitted).

The foregoing analysis leads inexorably to the conclusion that Brookstone enjoys an

unfettered right to dismiss its claims against Lozzio pursuant to Rule 41(a)(1) because Lozzio

has filed neither an answer nor a motion for summary judgment. As such, Matthews’

Conditional Objection to the Notice of Dismissal is unfounded, as a matter of law. Accordingly,

the Conditional Objection is overruled and Brookstone’s third-party claims against Lozzio are

hereby dismissed without prejudice, each party to bear his or its own costs, pursuant to Rule

41(a)(1), Fed.R.Civ.P. Nothing herein bears on the merits (or lack thereof) of Matthews’ claims

against Lozzio, nor does it foreclose any party from making any argument as to the legal or

factual validity of such causes of action, the propriety of litigating such claims in this forum, or

the existence (or lack thereof) of personal jurisdiction over any defendant.2

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DONE and ORDERED this 6th day of December, 2005.

s/ WILLIAM H. STEELE 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

Case 1:05-cv-00369-WS-C Document 57 Filed 12/06/05 Page 4 of 4