Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-alnd-6_15-cv-00089/USCOURTS-alnd-6_15-cv-00089-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 864
Nature of Suit: Social Security - SSID Title XVI
Cause of Action: 42:405 Review of HHS Decision (SSID)

---

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA

JASPER DIVISION

CHERYL R. GOWEN, }

}

Plaintiff, }

}

v. } Civil Action No.: 6:15-cv-00089-RDP

}

CAROLYN W. COLVIN, }

Acting Commissioner of Social Security, }

}

Defendant. }

MEMORANDUM OF DECISION

Plaintiff Cheryl Gowen brings this action pursuant to Sections 205(g) and 1631(c)(3) of 

the Social Security Act (the “Act”), seeking review of the decision of the Commissioner of 

Social Security (“Commissioner”) denying her claims for a period of disability, disability 

insurance benefits (“DIB”), and Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”). See 42 U.S.C. §§

405(g) & 1383(c). Based on the court’s review of the record and the briefs submitted by the 

parties, the court finds that the decision of the Commissioner is due to be affirmed.

I. Proceedings Below

Plaintiff applied for a period of disability, DIB, and SSI on January 3, 2008, alleging 

disability since January 2, 2004. (R. 254-67). After initial review, Plaintiff’s applications were 

denied on May 6, 2008. (R. 146-57). Plaintiff then requested an administrative hearing to 

reconsider the denial. (R. 158). An Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) held a hearing on May 

17, 2010. (R. 44-48). On June 23, 2010, the ALJ issued a decision denying Plaintiff’s claims 

and finding she was not disabled. (R. 120-40). Plaintiff then requested review of the ALJ’s 

FILED

 2016 Mar-25 PM 03:37

U.S. DISTRICT COURT

N.D. OF ALABAMA

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decision. The Appeals Council (“AC”) granted Plaintiff’s request, vacated the ALJ’s decision, 

and remanded the claim for further administrative proceedings. (R. 141-45). 

The ALJ held a second hearing on October 29, 2012. (R. 89-117). On January 4, 2013, 

the ALJ issued a new decision again finding Plaintiff was not disabled. (R. 16-37). The AC 

denied Plaintiff’s request for review of that decision. (R. 8-13). Because the AC’s denial was 

the Commissioner’s final act, this case is ripe for review. See 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 

1383(c)(3).

II. Facts

A. Plaintiff’s Background

Plaintiff was born on March 11, 1964, and was thirty-nine years old at the time of her 

alleged disability onset date. (R. 303, 371). She completed the eleventh grade and received a 

GED, and has past relevant work experience as a movie store manager. (R. 59, 111, 296, 301, 

306-07, 327-28, 366, 411). Plaintiff alleged she is disabled due to a bulging disc injury, 

degenerative disc disease, severe back pain, foot pain, hypertension, diabetes, bipolar disease, 

panic attacks, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (“COPD”), and depression. (R. 108, 295, 

346, 361, 365, 367). Plaintiff claims these conditions cause both exertional and non-exertional 

impairments -- such as pain, loss of concentration, problems sleeping, and inability to sit, stand, 

or walk for long periods of time -- and prevent her from working.

B. Treatment by Winfield Family Medical and Dr. Farouk Raquib

From August 2004 to April 2012, Plaintiff was treated at Winfield Family Medical Clinic

(primarily by Dr. Farouk A. Raquib and Charles D. Rubley, a nurse practitioner). (R. 423-546, 

582-643, 653-75, 686-710, 739-42, 799-824). She was usually seen once or twice per month on

follow-up visits. (Id.). In May 2005, Plaintiff reported that she was experiencing chronic pain 

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syndrome secondary to her lower back pain, chronic migraine headaches, bipolar disorder 

(symptomatically stable), sleep disorder, panic attacks, hypertriglyceridemia, palpitations, and 

long-term medicine use. (R. 514). Her medications then included Xanax, Phenergan, Fioricet 

with Codeine, Seroquel, Chlorohydrate, and Parafon Forte. (R. 514-15).

Shortly thereafter, on July 25, 2005, Plaintiff described her pain as aching, throbbing, 

shooting, stabbing, sharp, tender, nagging, and miserable, and rated it on a scale as an eight out 

of ten. (R. 512). Lunesta was added to her drug regimen. (Id.). Continuous follow-up visits 

through June 5, 2006, noted similar complaints, and the Lunesta prescription was discontinued. 

(R. 492-511). 

On July 6, 2006, Plaintiff rated her pain at nine out of ten, and an examination revealed 

tenderness of her lumbar paraspinals. (R. 490). Plaintiff was prescribed Lortab and Fioricet; her

Codeine prescription was discontinued. (Id.). 

Treatment notes dated October 18, 2006, reference a September 19, 2005 “L-spine 

series” showing slightly more sclerosis in the L4 vertebral body and more disc degeneration at 

L4/5 compared to March 2004. (R. 507). During her October 24, 2006 visit, Plaintiff rated her 

pain at seven out of ten, complained of increasing back pain, and received a prescription of 

Tramadol to add to her regimen. (R. 478). On November 1, 2006, Plaintiff complained of 

intractable, worsening back pain. (R. 476). After observing her to be in a moderate degree of 

pain, Dr. Raquib discontinued Tramadol, increased the Lortab dosage, and prescribed Lyrica and 

Lidoderm patches. (Id.).

Medical professionals at Marion Regional Medical Center evaluated Plaintiff on January 

7, 2007, for a complaint of low back pain radiating down her right leg, and diagnosed her with 

chronic low back pain. (R. 439-44). On March 2, 2007, Plaintiff had a follow-up visit with 

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Nurse Rubley, and complained of increased back pain which she rated as a six on a scale of ten. 

(R. 466). On March 29, 2007 Dr. Raquib saw Plaintiff again. Again, Plaintiff complained of 

increasing lower back pain. Her Lortab dosage was increased based on an observation of poor 

pain control and tender lumbar paraspinals. (R. 462-63). And, in July 2007, Plaintiff 

complained of pain in her right great toe and pain radiating to her right leg from her lower back. 

(R. 633). Plaintiff’s condition remained relatively unchanged at subsequent visits until her 

December 31, 2007 visit, the week after her husband died. (R. 621-32). She complained of 

anxiety and rated her pain as five on a ten-point scale. On January 28, 2008, Dr. Raquib

observed she had a depressed affect and prescribed her Ambien. (R. 619-20).

Nikki Burleson, CRNP, saw Plaintiff in early February 2008. (R. 617-18). She noted 

Plaintiff was complaining of numbness in her legs and hips worse on the right, and ordered an 

MRI of her lumbar spine. (R. 617-68). An MRI was conducted on February 8, 2008. Based 

upon the MRI results, Dr. Scott Loveless viewed Plaintiff as suffering from moderate 

degenerative disease and moderate to marked sclerotic degenerative endplate signal changes at 

L4-L5 with the overall appearance mirroring plain film findings on file from 2005, and diffuse 

annular bulge at L4-L5 not associated with stenosis. (R. 642-43). Dr. Loveless concluded 

Plaintiff had no disk herniations or other lumbar spine abnormalities. (R. 643).

On March 26, 2008, Dr. Raquib was informed by Plaintiff that she had applied for 

permanent Social Security disability. (R. 615). Dr. Raquib recognized that the MRI results 

revealed degenerative disc disease prominent in the L4-L5 level without disc herniation. (R.

615). Also, Dr. Raquib noted as follows: “Chronic lumbar pain, secondary to lumbar 

spondylosis. The patient is moderately incapacitated. She is unable to do any housework 

secondary to pain. Her sleep is poor. Her functional level is borderline. I support her 

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application for permanent disability.” (Id.). At Plaintiff’s next follow-up, Dr. Raquib noted that 

she was hit on her nose by another attendee at a concert. (R. 613). From October 2008 to May 

2009, Plaintiff’s rating of her pain level on a ten-point scale fluctuated from four up to seven and 

eight (after doing housework), and back down to six; Zoloft and Zanaflex were added to 

Plaintiff’s drug regimen. (R. 583-601). In June 2009, Plaintiff got a tattoo and complained of a 

higher level of pain (i.e., eight out of ten), but the level dropped to six in September 2009. (R.

667, 675). During her October 2009 visit, Dr. Raquib noted Plaintiff had a lot of lumbar muscle 

spasms and prescribed Parafon Forte. (R. 665). Two months later, Plaintiff said she was under a 

lot of stress due to the passing of her father-in-law, and Dr. Raquib increased her Seroquel 

dosage. (R. 661). 

At Plaintiff’s January 12, 2010 visit, Dr. Raquib noted she had been treated for five years, 

and that her disability hearing was scheduled for the following week. (R. 659). He also noted an 

impression of chronic lumbar pain, secondary to degenerative disc disease, intractable plain, and 

that Plaintiff indicated she has been unable to hold any job for the past five years, has difficulty 

sleeping secondary to pain, and cannot do “simple household chores.” (Id.). Additionally, on 

January 12, 2010, Dr. Raquib wrote a letter describing Plaintiff’s symptoms, and specifically 

stated that her “pain is rated as 6 out of 10 and most of the time it is 10 out of 10.” (R. 644). He 

continued that, in his “clinical judgment, . . . she will be [un]able to hold any meaningful 

employment. I support her fully for permanent disability status.” (Id.). Subsequently, in 

February 2010, Plaintiff rated her pain as a five out of ten. (R. 653). In March 2010, Dr. Raquib 

discontinued Lortab and switched to Percocet. (R. 655). In April 2010, Plaintiff rated her pain 

as seven out of ten. (R. 657).

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On May 12, 2010, Dr. Raquib completed a Multiple Impairment Questionnaire (“MIQ”). 

(R. 645-52).1

 (Dr. Raquib provided an addendum to the MIQ on July 31, 2012, and indicated it 

had been completed by both a nurse’s assistant and him. (R. 729)). In the MIQ, he diagnosed 

chronic lumbar pain/degenerative disc disease, diabetes mellitus type II, hypertension, chronic 

anxiety disorder, hepatic steatosis, and bipolar disorder. (R. 645-46). The MRI, and clinical 

findings of lumbar muscle spasm and a lowered range of motion of lumbar spine, supported 

these diagnoses. (Id.). Dr. Raquib gave Plaintiff prognoses of “poor” and “DJD on imaging 

studies.” (R. 645). He listed the following as her primary symptoms: chronic lumbar pain; and 

degenerative disc disease located at L4-L5, with “constant” (estimated at an eight out of ten) pain 

radiating down her legs. (R. 646-47). Dr. Raquib observed that standing and bending are 

precipitating factors, and that Plaintiff experiences poor sleep and is unable to stand for long 

periods of time. (R. 647). Further, Dr. Raquib estimated that Plaintiff could only sit for two 

hours and stand and walk for two hours in an eight-hour work day, and that she would need to 

get up and move around every fifteen minutes and wait twenty minutes until sitting again. (R.

647-48). Moreover, he opined she can occasionally lift and carry up to ten pounds maximum, 

and that she is significantly limited in repetitively lifting. (R. 648). Plaintiff would have 

moderate limitations in grasping, turning, and twisting, using her fingers or hands for fine 

manipulations, and using her arms for reaching. (R. 648-49). Thus, in summary, Dr. Raquib 

opined that Plaintiff’s symptoms would likely increase if she were in a competitive work 

environment; she is unable to keep her neck in a constant position; that her impairments will last 

at least twelve months and are exacerbated by stress; that she is not a malingerer; she will need 

unscheduled breaks from an eight-hour working day for an average of thirty-minutes rest every 

twenty minutes; she will have “good days” and “bad days;” she needs to avoid heights, pushing, 

 1 A duplicate copy of the MIQ appears in the record. (R. 677-84).

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pulling, kneeling, bending, and stooping; and that she is likely to miss work more than three 

times a month. (R. 649-51). 

In September 2010, Plaintiff rated her pain at a seven or eight out of ten with no major 

reported changes in her condition. (R. 703-08). The next month, in October 2010, Plaintiff 

conveyed she had fallen several times due to right leg pain, and Dr. Raquib advised her to use a 

cane when walking. (R. 702). On November 3, 2010, Dr. Raquib noted again that Plaintiff 

applied for permanent social security disability, and she reported her pain as seven out of ten. 

Dr. Raquib’s impression was chronic pain syndrome, sleep disorder, systemic hypertension, fatty 

liver, bipolar disorder, lumbar muscle spasm and intractable back pain; he also filled out a 

disability access parking privilege for her. (R. 701). Then, on November 30, 2010, Plaintiff 

stated she fell about a week and a half before in her home and hurt her head, hips, and lower 

back, but she did not go to the emergency room. (R. 700). Her left leg had given out and she 

was not using her cane. (Id.). 

From the end of 2010 through March 2011, Plaintiff reported that her pain level 

fluctuated between ten and six, and she complained of intermittent headache and neck pain 

following her fall. (R. 696-99). Dr. Raquib increased her Xanax and Percocet dosages, and 

suspected Plaintiff had cervical radiculopathy with symptoms of neck pain radiating to her right 

arm. (R. 696, 698). In April 2011, Plaintiff also reported making an emergency room visit the 

previous week due to increasing pain from her neck radiating down her right arm. (R. 694). 

Movement of her cervical spine and right shoulder both resulted in pain. (Id.).

In May 2011, Dr. Raquib ordered an MRI of her cervical spine and prescribed Neurontin. 

(R. 693-94). The June 16, 2011 MRI revealed that disc material on the right at the C6-C7 level 

was prominent for narrowing and the right neural foramina and lateral recess were compatible 

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with small right-sided disc protrusion. (R. 692, 709-10). Dr. Raquib noted that throughout 2011

Plaintiff lacked medical coverage to have neurosurgical intervention, and that attempts to refer 

Plaintiff to a clinic in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and UAB Hospital were unsuccessful; therefore, he 

referred her to a charity clinic in Tupelo, Mississippi, for additional treatment of the disc 

protrusion with neural impingement.

2

 (R. 687-92, 741, 800-24). In December 2011, Dr. Raquib 

reduced her Xanax dosage. (R. 815, 818). 

In January 2012, Dr. Raquib further reduced Plaintiff’s Xanax dosage, and noted she

smokes one pack per day and has for twenty years. (R. 810-13). The next month, Dr. Raquib 

again lowered her Xanax dosage and cut down her Fioricet. (R. 808-09). On March 1, 2012, 

Plaintiff’s pain was down to a four, and Dr. Raquib noted that her current opioid treatment “has 

been effective in controlling pain and improving level of functioning and quality of life.” (R.

800, 803). Plaintiff’s pain level was back to a six on April 26, 2012. (R. 739-42). Dr. Raquib 

submitted a letter dated July 18, 2012, which included the 2010 MIQ, and opined that Plaintiff 

“has intractable pain and I feel she is medically disabled.” (R. 730, 731-38).

C. Winfield Behavioral Health

Plaintiff attended Winfield Behavioral Health for a psychiatric evaluation upon referral 

from Dr. Raquib on April 11, 2012. (R. 745-48). Her mental status examination showed she 

was adequately groomed, had appropriate speech, was cooperative and had circumstantial 

 2 Notwithstanding this referral, the administrative record contains no medical records from the Tupelo 

charity clinic. Because of this missing medical evidence, the ALJ questioned Plaintiff about those visits at her 

hearing. (R. 91-95). Specifically, the ALJ recognized that Dr. Raquib had noted Plaintiff saw the neurosurgeon in 

March 2012 with a follow-up in May 2012, but that there were no records reflecting that visit. (R. 91-93). 

Plaintiff’s attorney responded he was aware of these notations, but Plaintiff had not received any records from the 

doctor, and her attorney was not sure of the identity of the doctor. (R. 92). Plaintiff testified she did not remember 

the name of the doctor she visited and had no records to identify her, because she was “just some lady and she, she 

wasn’t an actual surgeon, she was like a nurse practitioner.” (R. 93, 95). Plaintiff said she did not like the Tupelo 

health provider and disagreed with the practitioner’s findings, based on an MRI taken approximately a year prior to 

Plaintiff’s visit. In particular, Plaintiff disagreed with the Tupelo provider’s conclusion that the way Plaintiff’s 

fingers were reportedly going numb did not match the manner in which her neck was injured. (R. 93). Additionally, 

Plaintiff testified that she could not get a more up-to-date MRI because she lacked medical insurance and could not 

afford it out of pocket. (R. 93-94). Plaintiff indicated she decided to no longer visit the Tupelo clinic. (R. 95).

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thought, with fair judgment, good insight and concentration, was oriented to person, place, time, 

had no memory impairment, and was depressed with her affect congruent with her mood. (R.

46). The doctor determined she had a diminished capability for activities of daily living, made a 

clinical assessment of depression and anxiety, and prescribed her Klonopin, Celexa, and 

Trazodone. (R. 747-48). Plaintiff had a follow-up visit on May 10, 2012, where her doctor 

recorded a similar mental status examination, but noted that Plaintiff’s thoughts were logical and 

her affect was appropriate. (R. 743). The doctor assessed her as stable and recorded a GAF 

score of 60. (Id.). During her second follow-up visit, on August 9, 2012, the doctor conducted 

the same mental status examination but now found Plaintiff’s mood to be euthymic instead of 

depressed, assessed her to be stable, and recorded a GAF score of 60. (R. 744).

D. SSA Evaluations

At the Commissioner’s request, on April 21, 2008, Dr. Samia Sana Moizuddin performed 

a physical medical evaluation of Plaintiff. (R. 547-51). There, Plaintiff complained of back and 

hip pain, numbness down her right side, right foot pain, tension headaches, diabetes, and COPD. 

(R. 548). She also reported an inability to (1) sleep more than two or three hours, (2) do 

housework, and (3) walk long distances without pain. (Id.). Dr. Moizuddin observed Plaintiff to 

be cooperative, in no acute distress, and having good attention to hygiene and appearance. (R.

549). Further, Dr. Moizuddin observed that her gait and station examination revealed

midposition without abnormalities, she could do heel walk and toe walk, and she could full squat 

but needed helping getting up from the squat position. (R. 550). The record noted that Plaintiff 

does not use an assistive device, and her lumbar range of motion showed forty degrees flexion, 

twenty degrees extension, fifty degrees left rotation and forty-five degrees right rotation. (Id.). 

Dr. Moizuddin’s impression was degeneration of lumbar or lumbosacral intervertebral disc, 

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headache, diabetes (without mention of complication, and controlled), COPD, generalized 

anxiety disorder, depression, heartburn, and tobacco abuse. (Id.).

Dr. Robert Estock, a state agency psychiatrist, performed a psychiatric review of Plaintiff 

on May 5, 2008. (R. 560-73). Dr. Estock found Plaintiff has the following non-severe 

impairments after considering her affective disorders and anxiety-related disorders: depression;

bipolar disease; and chronic anxiety. (R. 560, 563, 565). He observed that Plaintiff’s conditions

appeared to be controlled by her medications. (R. 572). 

E. Plaintiff’s October 29, 2012 ALJ Hearing

At her second hearing before the ALJ, held on October 29, 2012,3 Plaintiff testified that

she is unable to work because she experiences constant pain in her neck and back. (R. 95). She 

stated that she “cannot walk very long or stand” more than fifteen minutes because, in the past, 

her leg has gone numb and gave out, causing her to fall. (R. 95-97). She also testified that she is 

unable to sit for more than fifteen or twenty minutes without having to change her position or 

stand. (R. 95-96). Plaintiff said that her pain is located in her lower back and right hip, radiates 

down her right leg (R. 99), and increases when she is walking, bending, squatting, turning, 

twisting, and standing. (R. 100, 109). Plaintiff stated she feels she can comfortably lift only the 

weight equivalent to a gallon of milk. (R. 109).

Plaintiff also testified she experiences chronic migraines, and that her depression prevents

her from working. (R. 98, 108). She indicated she had been treated her for depression for about 

six months by a Dr. Scott, and he had prescribed Celexa. (R. 99). Plaintiff testified that Dr. 

Raquib prescribed Seroquel for her bipolar disorder, which she has taken for four or five years. 

(Id.). She also reported she has near daily tension headaches from her fall six to nine months 

prior, for which she takes Fioricet. (R. 108-09). Plaintiff stated she did not go to the hospital for 

 3 The court does not address Plaintiff’s May 2010 hearing as it is not the subject of this appeal.

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that fall because she has no insurance and could not afford it. (Id.). Additionally, Plaintiff said 

she has difficulty concentrating for long (for example, she indicated it is hard for her to follow 

along with an entire half-hour sitcom). (R. 106-07).

Plaintiff testified that she was not working in 2004 or 2005, but instead was caring for her 

terminally ill husband.4

 (R. 100). She stated Dr. Raquib prescribed her Zoloft at the time 

because she was experiencing such “extreme depression” and she could not concentrate on 

things. (R. 106-07). She also testified she then had migraines once or twice a month for which 

Dr. Raquib gave (and still gives) her Demerol and Phenergan. (R. 107-08). 

Plaintiff said she now mostly sits or lies on the couch each day. (R. 97, 104). She stated 

that her daughters and ten-year old granddaughters, who live with her, do housework, cleaning

and laundry, and, although he is disabled, her husband cooks. (R. 97). She explained her 

husband receives disability payments, those payments are their current source of income, and 

they both purchase and smoke cigarettes (with Plaintiff smoking one pack a day and her husband 

smoking less than one pack). (R. 94). Additionally, her daughter leaves early for work, and her 

husband wakes up her grandchildren. (R. 98). The grandchildren ride the bus to and from 

school and arrive home around the same time her daughter gets home from work. (Id.). Plaintiff 

testified she does not often drive and can only sit in a car for about thirty minutes before she has 

to stretch. (R. 105).

A Vocational Expert (“VE”) also testified at Plaintiff’s hearing. (R. 110-17). The VE

answered a line of questions posed by the ALJ concerning hypotheticals based upon an 

 4 During this time, Plaintiff said, she helped care for her ill and “difficult to handle” husband by changing 

his clothes, assisting him in using the toilet, giving him medications, and bathing him. (R. 101-02). Her only 

assistance, she testified, came when she called the hospice, or from her mother and brother who did the laundry and 

went grocery shopping. (R. 102-04). Plaintiff stated that, although she needed to take breaks due to pain, she “did 

[not] really ask for many breaks because [she] felt it was her responsibility, so [she] mainly just dealt with it.” (R. 

103).

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individual of Plaintiff’s education, training, and work experience, who is limited to a maximum 

of either a light or sedentary range of work with various exertional and non-exertional 

limitations. (R. 111-16). She explained that Plaintiff’s previously held managerial jobs were 

classified as light and skilled work. (R. 111). Under the ALJ’s line of hypothetical questioning, 

the VE testified that such a person could perform a variety of jobs. Preliminarily, the VE stated 

that there would be some transferrable sales skills from Plaintiff’s experience to a telephone 

solicitor position, which is sedentary and semiskilled. (R. 111-12). Then, the VE suggested that 

even with a limitation of light work and certain physical and non-physical limitations, Plaintiff 

could work both her managerial job and the transferrable-skills telephone solicitor position. (R.

112). Next, the VE explained that, with further limitations, an individual such as Plaintiff could 

not perform the managerial job, but could perform the telephone solicitor position, and could 

also work as cashier, document preparer, table worker, and order clerk jobs. (R. 113-15). These 

jobs would account for ranges of limited walking, standing, and sitting, with allowed rests, and 

concentration on tasks for two hours at a time. (Id.). The VE testified that when these 

limitations are for sedentary work and include an expectation that a worker would consistently 

miss two or more days per month, then no jobs would be available to someone such as Plaintiff. 

(R. 115-16). 

The VE also answered questions posed by Plaintiff’s lawyer which focused on additional 

limitations placed upon a hypothetical individual with Plaintiff’s education, training, and work 

experience. (R. 116). First, the VE testified that such an individual’s limitations of sitting a 

maximum of two hours, standing and walking a total of two hours, and the requirements of a 

thirty-minute break after twenty minutes of work would be job preclusive. (Id.). Second, the VE 

affirmed it would also be job preclusive if such an individual was dealing with pain, fatigue, or 

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other symptoms severe enough to interfere with attention and concentration on a constant basis 

that would put the individual off task twenty-five percent of each work hour. (Id.).

III. ALJ Decision

Disability under the Act is determined under a five-step test. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 & 

416.920. First, the ALJ must determine whether the claimant is engaging in substantial gainful 

activity. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4)(i) & 416.920(a)(4)(i). “Substantial work activity” is work

activity that involves doing significant physical or mental activities. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1572(a) & 

416.972(a). “Gainful work activity” is work that is done for pay or profit. 20 C.F.R. §§ 

404.1572(b) & 416.972(b). If the ALJ finds that the claimant engages in substantial gainful 

activity, then the claimant cannot claim disability. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(b) & 416.920(b). 

Second, the ALJ must determine whether the claimant has a medically determinable impairment 

or a combination of medical impairments that significantly limits the claimant’s ability to 

perform basic work activities. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4)(ii) & 416.920(a)(4)(ii). Absent such 

impairment, the claimant may not claim disability. Id. Third, the ALJ must determine whether 

the claimant’s impairment meets or medically equals the criteria of an impairment listed in 20 

C.F.R. § 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(d), 404.1525, 404.1526, 

416.920(d), 416.925, & 416.926. If such criteria are met, the claimant is declared disabled. 20 

C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4)(iii) & 416.920(a)(4)(iii).

If the claimant does not fulfill the requirements necessary to be declared disabled under 

the third step, the ALJ may still find disability under the next two steps of the analysis. The ALJ 

must first determine the claimant’s residual functional capacity (“RFC”), which refers to the 

claimant’s ability to work despite her impairments. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(e) & 416.920(e). In 

the fourth step, the ALJ determines whether the claimant has the RFC to perform past relevant 

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work. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4)(iv) & 416.920(a)(4)(iv). If the claimant is determined to be 

capable of performing past relevant work, then the claimant is deemed not disabled. Id. If the 

ALJ finds the claimant unable to perform past relevant work, then the analysis proceeds to the 

fifth and final step. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4)(v) & 416.920(a)(4)(v). In the last part of the 

analysis, the ALJ must determine whether the claimant is able to perform any other work 

commensurate with her RFC, age, education, and work experience. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(g) & 

416.920(g). At this point, the burden of proof shifts from the claimant to the ALJ to prove the 

existence, in significant numbers, of jobs in the national economy that the claimant can do given 

her RFC, age, education, and work experience. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(g), 404.1560(c), 

416.920(g), & 416.960(c).

In the first prong of the analysis, the ALJ found that Plaintiff had not engaged in 

substantial gainful activity since January 2, 2004, her alleged onset date of disability. (R. 22). 

At step two, the ALJ found Plaintiff has the following severe impairments (within the meaning 

of 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(c) and 416.920(c)): lumbar and cervical degenerative disc disease, 

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and 

generalized anxiety disorder. (Id.). Although the ALJ recognized that Plaintiff also has diabetes, 

migraines, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff’s medication 

controls these impairments and they cause no more than “minimal limitations.” (Id.). 

At the third step, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff does not have an impairment or 

combination of impairments meeting or medically equaling a listed impairment in 20 C.F.R. Part 

404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 (20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(d), 404.1525, 404.1526, 416.920(d), 

416.925, and 416.926). (R. 22). Thus, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff has the RFC to perform 

a sedentary range of work with the following exertional and non-exertional limitations: she (1) 

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15

can occasionally walk and stand, two hours out of an eight-hour day; (2) can occasionally make

postural maneuvers including balancing, stooping, kneeling, crouching, crawling, and climbing 

ramps and stairs; (3) must avoid kneeling, crawling, and climbing ladders, ropes, and scaffolds; 

(4) must be afforded the option to sit and stand during the work day for one to two minutes every 

hour or so; (5) should avoid concentrated hot/cold temperature extremes and extreme humidity; 

(6) must avoid work at unprotected heights and operating hazardous machinery; (7) can 

understand, remember, and carry out simple instruction; (8) can concentrate/remain on task for 

two hours at a time, sufficient to complete an eight-hour workday; and (9) is limited to jobs 

involving infrequent and well-explained workplace changes, with casual and non-intensive 

interaction with members of the general public. (R. 23). The ALJ considered all symptoms and 

their consistency with objective medical evidence and other evidence (based on 20 C.F.R. §§ 

404.1529 & 416.929, and SSRs 96-4p & 96-7p), in addition to opinion evidence (in accord with 

20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527 & 416.926, and SSRs 96-2p, 96-5p, 96-6p, & 06-3p), and found 

Plaintiff’s statements and Dr. Raquib’s opinion of disability was not credible. (R. 24-26). 

The ALJ, relying on the testimony of the VE, found at step four that Plaintiff could not 

perform any of her past relevant work. (R. 27). Finally, at the fifth step of the analysis, the ALJ, 

again relying on the VE’s testimony, found that Plaintiff could perform other jobs that exist in 

significant numbers in the national economy. (R. 27-28). Accordingly, the ALJ concluded that 

Plaintiff has not been under a disability, as defined in the Act, from January 2, 2004. (R. 28).

IV. Plaintiff’s Argument for Reversal

Plaintiff raises two arguments for reversal of the Commissioner’s decision. First, 

Plaintiff contends that the ALJ failed to properly weigh the medical opinion evidence and failed 

to properly determine her RFC. (Doc. # 8). In support of this contention, Plaintiff contends that 

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16

the ALJ provided a minimal and insufficient discussion of Dr. Raquib’s treating source opinions. 

(Id.). Second, Plaintiff asserts the ALJ failed to properly evaluate her credibility concerning 

subjective complaints of pain, and that the ALJ did not articulate explicit and adequate reasons 

for discrediting that testimony. (Id.). 

V. Standard of Review

The only issues before this court are whether the record reveals substantial evidence to 

sustain the ALJ’s decision, see 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Walden v. Schweiker, 672 F.2d 835, 838 

(11th Cir. 1982), and whether the correct legal standards were applied. See Lamb v. Bowen, 847 

F.2d 698, 701 (11th Cir. 1988); Chester v. Bowen, 792 F.2d 129, 131 (11th Cir. 1986). Title 42 

U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c) mandate that the Commissioner’s findings are conclusive if 

supported by “substantial evidence.” Martin v. Sullivan, 894 F.2d 1520, 1529 (11th Cir. 1990). 

The district court may not reconsider the facts, reevaluate the evidence, or substitute its judgment 

for that of the Commissioner; instead, it must review the final decision as a whole and determine 

if the decision is reasonable and supported by substantial evidence. See id. (citing Bloodsworth 

v. Heckler, 703 F.2d 1233, 1239 (11th Cir. 1983)). 

Substantial evidence falls somewhere between a scintilla and a preponderance of 

evidence; “[i]t is such relevant evidence as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to 

support a conclusion.” Martin, 894 F.2d at 1529 (quoting Bloodsworth, 703 F.2d at 1239) (other 

citations omitted). If supported by substantial evidence, the Commissioner’s factual findings 

must be affirmed even if the evidence preponderates against the Commissioner’s findings. See

Martin, 894 F.2d at 1529. While the court acknowledges that judicial review of the ALJ’s 

findings is limited in scope, the court also notes that review “does not yield automatic 

affirmance.” Lamb, 847 F.2d at 701.

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VI. Discussion

After careful review, the court concludes that the ALJ’s decision is supported by 

substantial evidence and that the ALJ applied the proper legal standards.

A. Substantial Evidence Supports the ALJ’s Evaluation of Medical Opinions

Plaintiff alleges the ALJ improperly weighed Dr. Raquib’s opinion, and thus improperly 

determined the RCF based on lay data. (Doc. # 8 at 13-18). The court disagrees. The ALJ 

articulated good cause for rejecting Dr. Raquib’s opinion (R. 23-27), and substantial evidence 

supports the ALJ’s findings. See Weekly v. Commr. of Soc. Sec., 486 Fed. Appx. 806, 808 (11th 

Cir. 2012) (per curiam) (citing Moore v. Barnhart, 405 F.3d 1208, 1212 (11th Cir. 2005) (per 

curiam) (“When the ALJ has articulated specific reasons for failing to give the opinion of a 

treating physician controlling weight, and those reasons are supported by substantial evidence, 

there is no reversible error.”).

An ALJ must consider medical opinions concerning a claimant together with the other 

relevant evidence in the record. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(b), 416.927(b). Among other relevant 

factors, when considering how much weigh to afford a medical opinion, the ALJ should consider 

the length and nature of the treatment relationship, the frequency of examination, the support 

provided in a medical opinion, the medical opinion’s consistency with the record, the physician’s 

specialization, and other factors a claimant brings to the ALJ’s attention. 20 C.F.R. §§ 

404.1527(c), 416.927(c); see also Hearn v. Commr., Soc. Sec. Admin., 619 Fed. Appx. 892, 895 

(11th Cir. 2015). The ALJ “may reject the opinion of any physician when the evidence supports 

a contrary conclusion.” Bloodsworth, 703 F.2d at 1240. Furthermore, a treating physician’s 

opinion “need not be given substantial weight when there is ‘good cause,’ to the contrary, 

meaning that the opinion was not bolstered by the evidence, the evidence supported a contrary 

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finding, or the treating physician’s opinion was conclusory or inconsistent with the doctor’s own 

medical records.” Hearn, 619 Fed. Appx. at 895 (citing Phillips v. Barnhart, 357 F.3d 1232, 

1240-41 (11th Cir. 2004)); see also Winschel v. Commr. of Soc. Sec., 631 F.3d 1176, 1179 (11th 

Cir. 2011) (quoting Lewis v. Callahan, 125 F.3d 1436, 1440 (11th Cir. 1997), Phillips, 357 F.2d 

at 1240-41) (citing 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d)(1)-(2), 416.927(d)(1)-(2)).5

 With good cause, an 

ALJ may disregard a treating physician’s opinion so long as the ALJ clearly articulates her 

reasoning. Winschel, 631 F.3d at 1179 (citing Phillips, 357 F.3d at 1241); accord Owens v. 

Heckler, 748 F.2d 1511, 1516 (11th Cir. 1984) (per curiam) (an ALJ must “state with at least 

some measure of clarity the grounds for his decision”). Although medical opinions can 

contribute to an ALJ’s decision, it is emphatically the Commissioner, not a physician, who has 

the final responsibility to decide whether an individual meets the statutory definition of 

disability. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d), 416.927(d); see also SSR 96-5P, 1996 WL 374183, at *2 

(July 2, 1996). 

In this case, the ALJ rejected Dr. Raquib’s opinion that Plaintiff is disabled and can only 

perform a less than sedentary range of work more restrictive than the RFC. (R. 26, 730-38). In 

rejecting that opinion, the ALJ found that, despite Dr. Raquib’s long-time status as Plaintiff’s 

treating physician, his opinion was not supported by his own treatment notes. (R. 26). For 

example, Dr. Raquib opined that Plaintiff’s “pain is rated as 6 out of 10 and most of the time it is 

10 out of 10.” (R. 644). The record very rarely contains any evidence where Plaintiff rated her 

pain as a ten on a scale of ten. The ALJ noted instead that the treating notes “evidence routine, 

conservative treatment with minimal positive objective findings upon examination, and [are] 

 5 The Commissioner promulgated revised regulations in 2012, which moved subsection (d) of 20 C.F.R. §§ 

404.1527 and 416.927 to subsection (c). See How We Collect and Consider Evidence of Disability, 77 Fed. Reg. 

10651, 10656-57 (Feb. 23, 2012). The amendment was purely technical; the relevant language of the regulations 

remained the same. 

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inconsistent with the other medical evidence of record, including the benign findings upon 

examination by Dr. Moizuddin.” (R. 26). 

“The more a medical source presents relevant evidence to support an opinion, particularly 

medical signs and laboratory findings, the more weight [the ALJ] will give that opinion.” 20 

C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(c)(3) & 416.927(c)(3). The ALJ observed that Plaintiff’s numerous visits to 

Winfield Neurology Family Medicine were for receiving prescription refills. (R. 25). Moreover, 

the ALJ observed Plaintiff was frequently treated by a nurse practitioner rather than Dr. Raquib. 

(Id.). And, the ALJ noted that the record only evidences minimal objective findings by these 

medical professionals. (Id.). To be sure, the ALJ candidly noted the presence of objective 

medical evidence in support of the RFC, and found that evidence supported the assessed RFC, 

including the following: the September 19, 2005 x-rays of Plaintiff’s lumbar spine which 

revealed sclerosis in the L4 vertebral body and disc degeneration at L4-L5 (see R. 507, 643);

6

the February 28, 2008 MRI demonstrating degenerative disc disease prominent at the L4-L5 

level not associated with stenosis and without disc herniation or other spine abnormalities (R.

642-43); and the June 6, 2011 MRI of Plaintiff’s cervical spine revealing right-sided disc 

protrusion at C6-C7 with narrowing lateral recess and neural foramina (R. 692, 709-10)). (R. 

24). But, the ALJ also recognized that the treatment records rarely showed positive signs limited 

to subjective complaints of paraspinals tenderness, pain with range of motion, occasional 

paraspinals spasms, and fair air entry to the lungs upon physical examination. (R. 25; see R. 

692-95, 703). Instead, Plaintiff admitted to “doing well” during multiple office visits. (R. 25). 

Additionally, the ALJ observed that, despite Plaintiff’s exhibition of signs of a cervical spine 

 6 After many reviews of the record, the court was unable to locate medical evidence dated September 19, 

2005, or x-rays from that time. However, an October 18, 2005 treatment note and the February 28, 2008 MRI 

records discuss a plain film series from September 19, 2005, revealing findings consistent with the ALJ’s statement.

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disorder in mid-2011, treatment notes from early 2012 show these signs were absent upon 

physical examination.7 (Id.). And, Dr. Raquib stated that Plaintiff’s drug treatment was effective 

in controlling pain and improving her quality of life. (Id.; R. 803). In any event, the treatment 

notes do not make findings concerning many of Dr. Raquib’s assessments in the MIQ. 

Further, the ALJ pointed to other evidence in the record that simply do not support Dr. 

Raquib’s opinion, namely Dr. Moizuddin’s findings.8

 (R. 25-26) (“The benign findings upon 

consultative examination by Dr. . . . Moizuddin [] are consistent with the records from Winfield 

Neurology Family Medicine.”). For instance, Dr. Moizuddin observed that Plaintiff had a 

normal gait and station, and, while she needed help rising from a full squat, she could heel/toe 

walk. (R. 550). The only abnormality Dr. Moizuddin noted was a limited range of motion in the 

lumbar spine. (Id.). This evidence contradicts Dr. Raquib’s opinion;

9 rather, it is consistent with 

Winfield Neurology Family Medicine’s treatment notes.

Thus, the ALJ complied with applicable regulations when considering and had good 

cause for rejecting Dr. Raquib’s opinion. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527 & 416.927; Hearn, 619 

Fed. Appx. at 895. The ALJ “articulated specific reasons” for her decision, and pointed to 

 7 Moreover, Dr. Raquib included the 2010 MIQ with his 2012 opinion of disability. (R. 730-38). Although 

he references Plaintiff’s cervical spondylosis and radicular pain of right arm in his opinion letter, the details of that 

opinion (i.e., the MIQ) fail to mention cervical issues and date to before Plaintiff’s cervical injury. (See id.).

8 The ALJ also gave little weight to the opinion of Dr. Estock, the state agency psychological consultant, 

because he failed to “adequately consider” Plaintiff’s subjective complaints, and did not review the treatment notes 

from Winfield Behavioral Health Center. (R. 26-27). 

Regardless, the ALJ recognized that Plaintiff relied upon Dr. Raquib, her primary care physician, for 

prescription medications to relieve mental health symptoms (which appeared to be successfully managed by these 

drugs). (R. 25). The record reflects minimal formal mental health treatment. As for the two 2012 formal treatment 

records, the ALJ noted that the treating psychiatrist’s diagnosis and GAF scores of 55 and 60 support the mild to 

moderate limitation of functioning in the assessed RFC. (R. 26).

9 Additionally, the ALJ determined that Dr. Raquib’s opinion is inconsistent with Plaintiff’s reported daily 

activities, although the ALJ’s discussion of those activities is more pertinent to the ALJ’s determination of 

Plaintiff’s credibility. (R. 25-26).

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specific medical facts. Moore, 405 F.3d at 1212; see also SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *7 

(July 2, 1996). Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s evaluation.

B. The ALJ Gave Proper Weight to Plaintiff’s Subjective Testimony and 

Properly Considered Plaintiff’s Claims

Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ’s discounting of Plaintiff’s subjective complaints is not 

supported by substantial evidence. (Doc. # 8 at 18-20). Again, the court disagrees. The ALJ 

articulated valid reasons for finding Plaintiff not fully credible (R. 24-26), and substantial 

evidence supports the ALJ’s findings. See Allen v. Sullivan, 880 F.2d 1200, 1202-03 (11th Cir. 

1989) (“If an ALJ rejects a claimant’s testimony regarding pain, he must articulate specific 

reasons for doing so.”).

An ALJ must rely upon substantial evidence in discrediting a claimant’s subjective pain 

testimony. Hale v. Bowen, 831 F.2d 1007, 1011-12 (11th Cir. 1987) (the ALJ “must articulate 

explicit and adequate reasons” for rejecting a claimant’s testimony). If an ALJ fails to do so, as a 

matter of law, she has accepted the claimant’s subjective testimony as true. Id. at 1012. When a 

claimant attempts to prove disability based on her subjective complaints, she must provide 

evidence of an underlying medical condition and either objective medical evidence confirming 

the severity of her alleged symptoms or evidence establishing that her medical condition could 

be reasonably expected to give rise to her alleged symptoms. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529(a)-(b), 

416.929(a)-(b); SSR 96-7p, 1996 WL 374186 (July 2, 1996); see also Wilson v. Barnhart, 284 

F.3d 1219, 1225-25 (11th Cir. 2002) (citing Holt v. Sullivan, 921 F.2d 1221, 1223 (11th Cir. 

1991)). If the objective medical evidence does not confirm the severity of the claimant’s alleged 

symptoms, but the claimant establishes she has an impairment that could reasonably be expected 

to produce her alleged symptoms, the ALJ must evaluate the intensity and persistence of the 

claimant’s alleged symptoms and their effect on her ability to work. See C.F.R. § 404.1529(c)-

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(d); SSR 96-7p; Wilson, 284 F.3d at 1225-26. In determining whether substantial evidence 

supports an ALJ’s credibility determination, “[t]he question is not . . . whether [the] ALJ could 

have reasonably credited [claimant’s] testimony, but whether the ALJ was clearly wrong to 

discredit it.” Werner v. Commr. of Soc. Sec., 421 Fed. Appx. 935, 939 (11th Cir. 2011).

Here, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s “medically determinable impairments could 

reasonably be expected to cause the alleged symptoms; however, [her] statements concerning the 

intensity, persistence and limiting effects of these symptoms are not entirely credible.” (R. 24). 

The ALJ evaluated Plaintiff’s subjective complaints and concluded that both the objective 

medical evidence and Plaintiff’s daily activities do not support her complaints. (R. 24-25); see 

20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529(c), 416.929(c); SSR 96-7p. 

The ALJ recognized that, based on Plaintiff’s subjective complaints, Dr. Raquib provided 

only “conservative” treatment with pain medication that was noted to have improved her level of 

functioning and quality of life. (R. 25). Additionally, Plaintiff made inconsistent statements to 

her treating doctors and nurses. For instance, over the course of her visits (that is, a few months), 

she would state that her lower back pain was worsening, but she rated that pain as a lower 

number on the ten-point scale than she had assigned it before. (R. 466, 476, 478, 490). 

Moreover, the ALJ noted that Dr. Moizuddin’s consultative examination revealed “benign 

findings,” which further diminished Plaintiff’s credibility. (R. 25). And, concerning her mental 

health complaints, the ALJ stated that while Plaintiff saw Dr. Raquib for medication, she rarely 

visited a mental health professional. (R. 25-26). Substantial evidence in the medical record as a 

whole supports the ALJ’s findings that Plaintiff’s statements of pain are less than credible

because those statements are inconsistent with the medical treatment findings. See SSR 96-7p.

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The ALJ also found that Plaintiff’s activities of daily living less than credible.10 (R. 26). 

See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529(c)(3)(i), 416.929(c)(3)(i); see also Macia v. Bowen, 829 F.2d 1009, 

1012 (11th Cir. 1987). The ALJ observed that Plaintiff twice testified to caring for her late 

husband from 2000 to 2007 by, among other things, feeding him, administering his medication, 

changing his clothes, and bathing him. (R. 26, 52, 101). Plaintiff also admitted she tries to go to 

clubs with friends, although she has a hard time trying to dance. (R. 320). Additionally, Dr. 

Raquib’s April 26, 2008 treatment notes report that Plaintiff was hit on her nose at a concert. 

(R. 613). Moreover, Plaintiff complained about her ability to sit for long, but testified that she 

mostly sits or lies on the couch all day.11 (R. 97, 104). Considering the record in its entirety, 

substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s findings. See Dyer v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 1206, 1211 

(11th Cir. 2005) (holding there is not a “rigid requirement that the ALJ specifically refer to every

piece of evidence in his decision, so long as the ALJ’s decision, as was not the case here, is not a 

broad rejection which is ‘not enough to enable [the district court . . .] to conclude that [the ALJ] 

considered’” the claimant’s medical condition as a whole) (quoting Foote v. Chater, 67 F.3d 

1553, 1561 (11th Cir. 1995) (changes and emphasis in Dyer); see also 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) & 

1383(c); Martin, 894 F.2d at 1529.

VII. Conclusion

The court concludes that the ALJ’s determination that Plaintiff is not disabled is 

supported by substantial evidence and the proper legal standards were applied in reaching this 

 10 The ALJ also found Plaintiff’s sporadic work history further diminished Plaintiff’s credibility because it 

raised a question concerning whether her “current unemployment is truly the result of her medical condition.” (R. 

26). Plaintiff alleges this finding was erroneous. (Doc. # 8 at 20). Although the ALJ’s observation is speculative 

(but, perhaps not without reason) the court need not address this question because substantial evidence supports the 

ALJ’s credibility determination without that consideration.

11 Plaintiff gave conflicting answers in her March 11, 2008 Physical Activities Questionnaire (e.g., stating 

on one page she cannot drive more than twenty minutes without having to stop and walk, and stating on another that 

she hurts if she drives more than thirty minutes). (R. 335-430).

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determination. The Commissioner’s final decision is therefore due to be affirmed. A separate 

order in accordance with this memorandum of decision will be entered.

DONE and ORDERED this March 25, 2016.

_________________________________

R. DAVID PROCTOR

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

 

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