Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_10-cv-01467/USCOURTS-casd-3_10-cv-01467-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 290
Nature of Suit: Other Real Property Actions
Cause of Action: 28:1332 Diversity-Petition for Removal

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

ROBERT R MORENO, SUSAN A

ADCOCK,

Plaintiffs,

CASE NO. 10CV1467 JLS (BGS)

ORDER GRANTING

DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO

DISMISS

(Doc. No. 14.)

vs.

WELLS FARGO HOME MORTGAGE,

FIRST AMERICAN LOANSTAR

TRUSTEE SERVICES, LLC; and DOES 1-

25,

Defendants.

Presently before the Court is Defendant Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.’s motion to dismiss

Plaintiffs’ first amended complaint. (Doc. No. 14 (Mot. to Dismiss).) Also before the Court are

Plaintiffs’ opposition (Doc. No. 16 (Opp’n)) and Defendant’s reply (Doc. No. 18 (Reply)). After

consideration, the Court GRANTS Defendant’s motion to dismiss.

BACKGROUND

In November 2006, Plaintiffs obtained a loan from Defendant Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

(Wells Fargo) secured by a deed of trust on their home. (MTD at 5.) Plaintiffs contacted Wells

Fargo in July 2009 regarding a loan modification because Plaintiffs were having difficulty making

the monthly payments on their loan. (FAC ¶ 10.) One thing led to another, and Plaintiffs’ counsel

soon began “a lengthy and ultimately fruitless effort to have a substantive conversation with any

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Wells Fargo representative regarding the options that may be available for a Loan Modification.” 

(FAC ¶ 12.) After several months passed and many letters exchanged, Wells Fargo recorded a

Notice of Default on January 26, 2010. (FAC ¶ 19.) Plaintiffs continued to send letters,

attempting to work out a loan modification. (See FAC ¶¶ 20–24.) It was all for naught, as on

April 27, 2010, Plaintiffs received a Notice of Trustee’s Sale informing them that their home was

to be auctioned off. (Id. at ¶ 25.) This was the last straw, and Plaintiffs filed suit—ultimately

ending up before this Court. 

On December 1, 2010, Plaintiffs filed their FAC, alleging four causes of action: 1) breach

of the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing; 2) negligent misrepresentation; 3) fraud and

deceit; and 4) declaratory relief. (Doc. No. 12 (FAC).) Faced with these allegations, Wells Fargo

responded with the present motion to dismiss. (Doc. No. 14 (Mot. to Dismiss).) 

LEGAL STANDARD

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) allows a party to assert by motion the defense that

the complaint “fail[s] to state a claim upon which relief can be granted,” generally known as a

motion to dismiss. The Court evaluates whether a complaint states a cognizable legal theory and

sufficient facts in light of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a), which requires a “short and plain

statement of the claim” showing that the pleader is entitled to relief. Although Rule 8 “does not

require ‘detailed factual allegations,’ . . . it [does] demand[] more than an unadorned, thedefendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, — U.S.— , 129 S. Ct. 1937,

1949 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). In other words, “a

plaintiff’s obligation to provide the ‘grounds’ for his ‘entitle[ment] to relief’ requires more than

labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do.” 

Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555 (citing Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 286 (1986)). “Nor does a

complaint suffice if it tenders ‘naked assertion[s]’ devoid of ‘further factual enhancement.’” Iqbal,

129 S. Ct. at 1949 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557). 

“To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter,

accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Id. (quoting Twombly,

550 U.S. at 570); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). A claim is facially plausible when the facts

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pleaded “allow[] the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the

misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). That is not to

say that the claim must be probable, but there must be “more than a sheer possibility that a

defendant has acted unlawfully.” Id. Facts “‘merely consistent with’ a defendant’s liability” fall

short of a plausible entitlement to relief. Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557). Further, the

Court need not accept as true “legal conclusions” contained in the complaint. Id. This review

requires context-specific analysis involving the Court’s “judicial experience and common sense.” 

Id. at 1950. “[W]here the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere

possibility of misconduct, the complaint has alleged— but it has not ‘show[n]’— ‘that the pleader

is entitled to relief.’” Id.

When a motion to dismiss is granted, “leave to amend should be granted ‘unless the court

determines that the allegation of other facts consistent with the challenged pleading could not

possibly cure the deficiency.’” DeSoto v. Yellow Freight Sys., Inc., 957 F.2d 655, 658 (9th Cir.

1992) (quoting Schreiber Distrib. Co. v. Serv-Well Furniture Co., 806 F.2d 1393, 1401 (9th Cir.

1986)). In other words, the Court may deny leave to amend if amendment would be futile. See

id.; Schreiber Distrib., 806 F.2d at 1401.

ANALYSIS

1. Breach of the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing

 Plaintiffs’ first cause of action alleges that Wells Fargo breached the implied covenant of

good faith and fair dealing by failing to comply with California Civil Code § 2923.5. (FAC ¶ 34.) 

Section 2923.5 requires several things, many of which Wells Fargo allegedly failed to do. For

instance, Plaintiffs allege that Wells Fargo failed to “contact or attempt to contact Plaintiffs in a

good faith effort to avoid foreclosure.” (FAC ¶ 34.) This claim fails, however, as the asserted

portions of § 2923.5 have been preempted by the Home Owners’ Loan Act of 1933, 12 U.S.C.

§ 1461 et seq. See Quintero Family Trust v. OneWest Bank, F.S.B., 2010 WL 2618729, at *6

(S.D. Cal. June 25, 2010); see also Giordano v. Wachovia Mortg., F.S.B., 2010 WL 5148428, at

*2 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 14, 2010). As a result, this claim is DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE

insofar as it is based on alleged violations of § 2923.5. 

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2. Negligent Misrepresentation of Facts

Plaintiffs’ second cause of action alleges negligent misrepresentation of facts by

Defendants Wells Fargo and LoanStar. Under California law, plaintiffs asserting negligent

misrepresentation claims must establish, among other things, that defendants misrepresented a past

or existing material fact. DeLeon v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 2011 WL 311376, at *9 (N.D. Cal.

Jan. 28, 2011) (citing Nat’l Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Cambridge Integrated Servs., 89 Cal. Rptr. 3d

473, 483 (Cal. Ct. App. 2009)). Plaintiffs’ claim here fails for want of this necessary element. 

Plaintiffs do not allege any misrepresentations of a past or existing material fact. Instead,

Plaintiffs allege that Defendants stated they “1) would try to assist with Plaintiffs’ efforts to obtain

a loan modification, 2) would provide Plaintiffs with information about loan modification

programs upon the Plaintiffs’ providing to Defendants the requested financial and other

information, and 3) would attempt to help Plaintiffs keep their [h]ome.” (FAC ¶ 40.) These

statements are prospective, however. They are promises of future conduct rather than

representations of past or existing facts. See Stevens v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 2010 WL

329963, at *7 (N.D. Cal. January 20, 2010) (citing Tarmann v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 2

Cal. Rptr. 2d 861, 863 (Cal. Ct. App. 1991). Based on these allegations, Plaintiffs cannot set forth

a claim for negligent misrepresentation. This claim is therefore DISMISSED.

3. Fraud and Deceit - Intentional Misrepresentation and Concealment

Plaintiffs’ third cause of action is for fraud and deceit based on intentional

misrepresentation and concealment by Defendants. Defendants allegedly falsely represented that

they “1) would try to assist with Plaintiffs’ efforts to obtain a loan modification, 2) would provide

Plaintiffs with information about loan modification programs upon the Plaintiffs’ providing to

Defendants the requested financial and other information, and 3) would attempt to help Plaintiffs

keep their [h]ome.” (FAC ¶ 45.) 

 Claims for fraud must meet the heightened pleading standard of Federal Rule of Civil

Procedure 9(b). Neilson v. Union Bank, N.A., 290 F. Supp. 2d 1101, 1141 (C.D. Cal. 2003). 

Under this rule, Plaintiffs must “state with particularity the circumstances constituting fraud.” 

Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(b). The allegations of fraud must “be ‘specific’ enough to give defendants notice

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of the particular misconduct . . . so that they can defend against the charge and not just deny that

they have done anything wrong.” Vess v. Ciba-Geigy Corp. USA, 317 F.3d 1097, 1106 (9th Cir.

2003) (quoting Bly-Magee v. California, 236 F.3d 1014, 1019 (9th Cir. 2001)). Namely, these

allegations “must be accompanied by ‘the who, what, when, where, and how’ of the misconduct

charged.” Id. (quoting Cooper v. Pickett, 137 F.3d 616, 627 (9th Cir. 1997)). “‘[A] plaintiff must

set forth more than the neutral facts necessary to identify the transaction. The plaintiff must set

forth what is false or misleading about a statement, and why it is false.’” Id. (quoting Decker v.

Glenfeld, Inc., 42 F.3d 1541, 1548 (9th Cir. 1994)). 

 Plaintiffs fail to allege the “who, what, where, when, and how” with sufficient particularity

as required by Rule 9(b). See Vess, 317 F.3d at 1106. Plaintiffs offer conclusory allegations that

Defendants collectively made intentional misrepresentations. (See FAC ¶ 45.) And to the extent

specific interactions and statements were alleged, Plaintiffs do not specifically identify what is

false or misleading about a particular statement and why it is false. 

Even if misrepresentations were properly alleged, the fraud claim fails because there is no

causal connection between the misrepresentations and the damages. See Serv. by Medallion, Inc.

v. Clorox Co., 44 Cal. App. 4th 1807, 1818 (Cal. Ct. App. 1996). Plaintiffs allege in their

complaint that Defendants misrepresented their intention to participate in loan modification

discussions and that “caus[ed] Plaintiffs to lose their home.” (FAC ¶ 47.) For a causal connection

to exist in this situation requires, at the very least, the assumption that Plaintiffs would ultimately

have received a loan modification. This is a significant assumption given Wells Fargo had no

obligation to grant one. Plaintiffs allege no reasonable basis for believing that a loan modification

would have been granted and foreclosure avoided.

Because Plaintiffs fail to allege fraudulent statements with particularity and fail to allege a

causal connection between any fraudulent statements and the damages suffered, Plaintiffs fraud

claim is DISMISSED.

///

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4. Declaratory Relief

Plaintiffs’ fourth cause of action requests declaratory relief against all defendants. 

Specifically, the claim seeks a declaration that “Defendants failed to act in good faith with

Plaintiffs with regard to Plaintiffs’ requests for information.” (FAC ¶ 60.) 

“A claim for declaratory relief is unnecessary where an adequate remedy exists under some

other cause of action.” Manown v. Cal-Western Reconveyance Corp., 2009 WL 2406335, at *6

(S.D. Cal. Aug. 4, 2009). Plaintiffs have sought adequate remedies under their other causes of

action. Accordingly Plaintiffs’ fourth cause of action for declaratory relief is unnecessarily

duplicative and is DISMISSED.

CONCLUSION

The Court GRANTS Defendant’s motion to dismiss in its entirety. Plaintiffs’ breach of

the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing claim is DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE

insofar as it is based on alleged violations of § 2923.5. The other three claims are DISMISSED

WITHOUT PREJUDICE. If Plaintiffs wish, they may file a second amended complaint within

14 days of this Order being electronically docketed.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: April 12, 2011

Honorable Janis L. Sammartino

United States District Judge

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