Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_10-cv-00944/USCOURTS-casd-3_10-cv-00944-1/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 371
Nature of Suit: Truth in Lending
Cause of Action: 28:1331 Fed. Question

---

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 1 - 10cv944

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

JIMIT H. MEHTA,

Plaintiff,

CASE NO. 10CV944 JLS (AJB)

ORDER: (1) GRANTING

DEFENDANT WELLS FARGO

BANK, N.A.’S REQUEST FOR

JUDICIAL NOTICE;

(2) GRANTING DEFENDANT

WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A.’S

MOTION TO DISMISS;

(3) GRANTING DEFENDANT

FIRST AMERICAN TITLE

INSURANCE COMPANY’S

MOTION TO DISMISS

(Doc. Nos. 24, 25)

vs.

WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A.; WELLS

FARGO HOME MORTGAGE; FIRST

AMERICAN TITLE INSURANCE CO.,

Defendants.

Presently before the Court are motions to dismiss Plaintiff’s second amended complaint by

Defendants Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., and Wells Fargo Home Mortgage (collectively, Wells Fargo)

(Doc. No. 24 (Wells Fargo Mot.)), and Defendant First American Title Insurance Company (Doc. No.

25 (First Am. Mot.)). Wells Fargo’s request for judicial notice supplements its motion. (Doc. No. 24-

2 (RJN).) Also before the Court are Plaintiff’s oppositions (Doc. Nos. 31 (Opp’n to Wells Fargo

Mot.), 32 (Opp’n to First Am. Mot.)), Defendants’ replies (Doc. Nos. 33 (Wells Fargo Reply), 34

(First Am. Reply)), Plaintiff’s supplemental opposition (Doc. No. 38 (Suppl. Opp’n)), and Wells

Fargo’s surreply (Doc. No. 39 (Surreply)). Having considered the parties’ arguments and the law, the

Court GRANTS Wells Fargo’s request for judicial notice and GRANTS both motions to dismiss.

Case 3:10-cv-00944-JLS-WVG Document 41 Filed 03/29/11 Page 1 of 6
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 2 - 10cv944

BACKGROUND

Plaintiff owned real property in Encinitas, California. (Doc. No. 23 (SAC) ¶ 2.) In 2007, he

refinanced a loan secured by his property. (Id. ¶ 7.) Two years later, he defaulted, and as a result,

First American scheduled a sale of the property for January 5, 2010. (Id. ¶¶ 7–10.) Plaintiff then

attempted to modify his loan by negotiating with Wells Fargo before the sale. (Id. ¶ 11.) During

negotiations, on December 30, 2009, a Wells Fargo representative told Plaintiff that the sale would

be postponed. (Id. ¶ 28.) After much ado, however, the sale occurred on January 5, 2010. (Id. ¶ 45.)

Plaintiff then filed the present action, alleging that Defendants acted fraudulently during the

negotiation process. (Id. ¶¶ 11–47.) Defendants moved to dismiss Plaintiff’s first amended complaint.

(Doc. Nos. 8, 9.) The Court granted the motions. (Doc. No. 22 (Order).) Plaintiff then filed a second

amended complaint, asserting five causes of action: (1) intentional misrepresentation, (2) quiet title,

(3) negligent misrepresentation, (4) intentional infliction of emotional distress, and (5) promissory

estoppel. (SAC ¶¶ 48–72.)

LEGAL STANDARD

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) permits a party to raise by motion the defense that

the complaint “fail[s] to state a claim upon which relief can be granted,” generally referred to as a

motion to dismiss. The Court evaluates whether a complaint states a cognizable legal theory and

sufficient facts in light of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a), which requires a “short and plain

statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Although Rule 8 “does not

require ‘detailed factual allegations,’ . . . it [does] demand[] more than an unadorned, the-defendantunlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, –– U.S. ––, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009)

(quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). In other words, “a plaintiff’s

obligation to provide the ‘grounds’ of his ‘entitle[ment] to relief’ requires more than labels and

conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do.” Twombly,

550 U.S. at 555 (citing Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 286 (1986)). “Nor does a complaint suffice

if it tenders ‘naked assertion[s]’ devoid of ‘further factual enhancement.’” Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949

(citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557).

“To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted

Case 3:10-cv-00944-JLS-WVG Document 41 Filed 03/29/11 Page 2 of 6
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 3 - 10cv944

as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at

570); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). A claim is facially plausible if the facts pleaded “allow[] the

court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal,

129 S. Ct. at 1949 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). That is not to say that the claim must be

probable, but there must be “more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully.” Id.

Facts “‘merely consistent with’ a defendant’s liability” fall short of a plausible entitlement to relief.

Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557). Further, the Court need not accept as true “legal conclusions”

contained in the complaint. Id. This review requires context-specific analysis involving the Court’s

“judicial experience and common sense.” Id. at 1950 (citation omitted). “[W]here the well-pleaded

facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of misconduct, the complaint has

alleged––but it has not ‘show[n]’––‘that the pleader is entitled to relief.’” Id.

ANALYSIS

1. Wells Fargo’s Request for Judicial Notice

Wells Fargo requests that the Court judicially notice the trustee’s deed upon sale of Plaintiff’s

property. (RJN 2.) In ruling on a motion to dismiss, a court may consider a document not physically

attached to the plaintiff’s pleading if its contents are alleged in the complaint and its authenticity is

not disputed. Tellabs, Inc. v. Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd., 551 U.S. 308, 322–23 (2007). The

complaint in this matter references the trustee’s deed and Plaintiff does not challenge its authenticity.

Accordingly, the Court takes judicial notice of the deed.

2. Intentional and Negligent Misrepresentation

Plaintiff’s claims for intentional and negligent misrepresentation share two common threads.

The first is their factual basis: on December 30, 2009, Wells Fargo agreed to postpone the January 5,

2010, sale of Plaintiff’s property. (SAC ¶¶ 49, 59.) The second is Plaintiff’s allegations of “reliance,”

which apply, as they must, to both claims. These shared threads allow the Court to dispose of the

claims together. 

 To state a claim for misrepresentation, intentional or negligent, a plaintiff must allege that he

justifiably relied on the defendant’s representations. Gil v. Bank of Am., Nat. Ass’n, 42 Cal. Rptr. 3d

310, 317 (Cal. Ct. App. 2006); Fox v. Pollack, 226 Cal. Rptr. 532, 536–37 (Cal. Ct. App. 1986). In

Case 3:10-cv-00944-JLS-WVG Document 41 Filed 03/29/11 Page 3 of 6
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 4 - 10cv944

this case, Plaintiff attempts to plead reliance by alleging that he would have pursued other means to

avoid foreclosure had Wells Fargo not promised to delay the sale. (SAC ¶ 53.) In support, Plaintiff

identifies several means—tendering funds to cure the default, obtaining a temporary restraining order,

and seeking bankruptcy protection. (Id.) What Plaintiff has not alleged, however, is whether he

realistically could have pursued these options three business days before the sale. The SAC does not

allege any facts suggesting that Plaintiff would have been successful in taking legal action, nor does

it allege Plaintiff’s ability to tender. See Newgent v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 2010 WL 761236, at

*7 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 2, 2010); Thoms v. America’s Servicing Co., 2010 WL 3910083, at *6 (D. Nev.

Oct. 1, 2010). Without providing any facts in support, Plaintiff fails to nudge his misrepresentation

claims across the line from conceivable to plausible. See Twombly, 550 U.S. at 569. 

3. Promissory Estoppel

Plaintiff’s promissory estoppel claim arises from the same facts that underlie the

misrepresentation claims. (See SAC ¶¶ 67–68.) Under California law, promissory estoppel applies

if (1) the promisee is injured by (2) reasonably (3) relying on a (4) promise that is not supported by

consideration. U.S. Ecology, Inc. v. State, 28 Cal Rptr. 3d 894, 905 (Cal. Ct. App. 2005).

Although Plaintiff insists that all four elements are met in this case, the Court disagrees.

(See SAC ¶¶ 67–72.) Plaintiff has not sufficiently alleged that he “substantial[ly] change[d] [his]

position, either by act or forbearance, in reliance on the promise.” Youngman v. Nev. Irrigation Dist.,

449 P.2d 462, 468 (Cal. 1969). The first allegation of reliance—providing documents and payments

to Wells Fargo in August 2009—does not establish reliance at all; at that time, the promise had not

yet been made. (See SAC ¶ 68.) The second allegation of reliance—not pursuing other courses of

action to avoid foreclosure—has already been discarded by the Court as insufficient. Plaintiff’s

citation of Aceves v. U.S. Bank, N.A., 2011 WL 242426 (Cal. Ct. App. Jan. 27, 2011), is unavailing

because the analogy between Aceves and this case simply is too tenuous. For instance, unlike the

mortgagor in Aceves, Plaintiff never attempted to file a bankruptcy action. Further, unlike the bank

in Aceves, which told the plaintiff not to pursue a bankruptcy proceeding that he had already filed,

Wells Fargo never told Plaintiff not to file for bankruptcy. On the facts of this case, the Court finds

that Plaintiff has failed to state a claim for promissory estoppel.

Case 3:10-cv-00944-JLS-WVG Document 41 Filed 03/29/11 Page 4 of 6
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 5 - 10cv944

4. Quiet Title

Plaintiff alleges a quiet title claim against Wells Fargo and First American. (SAC ¶¶ 56–58.)

This claim fails for the same reasons the Court identified when dismissing Plaintiff’s first amended

complaint: Plaintiff has not alleged, as he must, that he tendered the amount of his indebtedness.

See Aguilar v. Bocci, 114 Cal. Rptr. 91, 91 (Cal. Ct. App. 1974); Ricon v. Recontrust Co., 2009 WL

2407396, at *6 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 4, 2009). Plaintiff concedes as much, but nevertheless contends that

he should be given an “opportunity to tender” his indebtedness. (Opp’n to Wells Fargo Mot. 9.) Even

if the Court were inclined to grant Plaintiff’s request, a decision that would not be supported by

substantial case law, doing so would be a “waste . . . [of] the Court’s time” because Plaintiff has not

even alleged that he is able to tender. (Order 26.) Accordingly, Plaintiff’s quiet title claim must be

dismissed. 

5. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress

In his SAC, Plaintiff also asserts a claim against both defendants for intentional infliction of

emotional distress (IIED). (SAC ¶¶ 62–66.) But as Plaintiff concedes, he does not oppose First

American’s motion to dismiss this claim. (Opp’n to First Am. Mot. 6.) The Court accepts Plaintiff’s

concession and discusses the residue of the claim, which only pertains to Wells Fargo.

Further discussion proves brief, however, because Plaintiff has not adequately alleged, as he

must, that Wells Fargo engaged in “extreme” and “outrageous” conduct intended to cause emotional

distress. Nally v. Grace Cmty. Church, 763 P.2d 948, 961 (Cal. 1988). That Wells Fargo sent a check

to Plaintiff one day before the trustee’s sale is not outrageous, and Plaintiff does not sufficiently allege

why it is. Nor does Plaintiff provide facts in support of his bald allegation that Wells Fargo

“inten[ded] to set up an ambush foreclosure” of his property. (SAC ¶ 15.) Accordingly, Plaintiff’s

IIED claim fails as a matter of law.

//

//

//

//

//

Case 3:10-cv-00944-JLS-WVG Document 41 Filed 03/29/11 Page 5 of 6
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 6 - 10cv944

CONCLUSION

The Court GRANTS Defendants’ motions to dismiss and Wells Fargo’s request for judicial

notice. The action is DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: March 29, 2011

Honorable Janis L. Sammartino

United States District Judge

Case 3:10-cv-00944-JLS-WVG Document 41 Filed 03/29/11 Page 6 of 6