Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ca8-04-01689/USCOURTS-ca8-04-01689-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 990
Nature of Suit: 
Cause of Action: 

---

United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

___________

No. 04-1689

___________

In re: Application to Adjudge *

Brent Medlock in Criminal Contempt *

____________________ *

*

C.H. Robinson Company; C.H. *

Robinson Worldwide, Inc., *

*

Plaintiffs, *

*

United States of America, *

*

Appellee, * Appeal from the United States

* District Court for the Western

v. * District of Arkansas.

* 

Medco, Inc., also known as Brent * 

Medlock; Medco Forwarding, Inc., *

also known as Brent Medlock, *

*

Defendants, *

*

Brent Medlock, also known as *

Douglas Brent Medlock, *

*

Defendant - Appellant. *

___________

Submitted: January 13, 2005 (Corrected 5/23/05)

Filed: May 11, 2005

___________

Appellate Case: 04-1689 Page: 1 Date Filed: 05/11/2005 Entry ID: 1901514
1

The Honorable Robert T. Dawson, United States District Court Judge for the

Western District of Arkansas.

-2-

Before MELLOY, SMITH, and COLLOTON, Circuit Judges.

___________

MELLOY, Circuit Judge.

The district court1

 found Brent Medlock (“Medlock”) guilty of criminal

contempt for failing to follow court orders to appear in court, provide discovery, and

assemble assets. On appeal, Medlock contends that there was insufficient evidence

to convict, that his due process rights were violated, and that his sentence is

excessive. We affirm. 

I. Background

Medlock was the president and sole shareholder of trucking companies Medco

Forwarding, Inc. and Medco, Inc. (collectively “Medco”). C.H. Robinson Company

and C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc. (collectively “Robinson”) brought suit against

Medco in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas. On

February 5, 2003, Robinson obtained a default judgment against Medco in the amount

of $44,814.70 plus costs and interest. The judgment was registered in the United

States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas and a Writ of Execution

(the “Writ”) was filed on June 6 and sent to Medco. United States Deputy Marshal

Mike Blevins (“Deputy Blevins”) also personally served Brent Medlock, the sole

shareholder and president of Medco, with the Writ at Medlock’s place of business in

Alma, Arkansas on June 9, 2003. Deputy Blevins asked Medlock to the pay the

judgment, and Medlock responded that Medco no longer existed and had no money.

Deputy Blevins asked Medlock to provide lien and registration information for the

Appellate Case: 04-1689 Page: 2 Date Filed: 05/11/2005 Entry ID: 1901514
-3-

business entity he was currently operating. Medlock responded that he would have

to discuss the matter with his attorney. 

Deputy Blevins returned to Medlock’s place of business on June 13 and again

requested documentation. Medlock told Deputy Blevins that his attorney had told

him not to provide the information that Deputy Blevins requested. Deputy Blevins

informed Medlock that individuals at the Marshals Service had discovered several

trucks and trailers registered to Medco. Medlock stated again that Medco no longer

existed and that all of the trucks and trailers were operated under a limited liability

company. 

Several days later, Deputy Blevins telephoned Medlock’s attorney. She

informed him that she no longer represented Medlock. Deputy Blevins called

Medlock a few days later, again requesting certain documentation. Medlock told

Deputy Blevins that his new attorney, Don Jenkins (“Jenkins”), had advised him not

to provide anything. Deputy Blevins never received any of the documentation that

he requested about Medlock’s property or business entities.

On June 26, 2003, Medco filed a Motion to Quash Writ of Execution pursuant

to 28 U.S.C. § 3202(d). On August 27, 2003, the trial court denied Medco’s motion

and allowed Medco ten days to seek relief from the judgment. Medco did not pursue

relief from the judgment for damages. 

On October 10, 2003, Robinson filed a Request for Production of Documents

(the “Request”) in an effort to identify assets owned by Medco. Robinson’s counsel

served a copy of the Request on Jenkins, and Medlock admits he received the

Request. Robinson did not receive a response by the November 12 date such

response was due. On November 20, 2003, Robinson filed a Motion to Compel.

Appellate Case: 04-1689 Page: 3 Date Filed: 05/11/2005 Entry ID: 1901514
-4-

On December 9, 2003, the district court entered an order directing Medco to

respond to the discovery request by the close of business on December 11. On

December 18, Medco filed a Motion for Additional Time to Comply with Discovery

Order or in the Alternative to Withdraw as Counsel. In the motion, Jenkins stated

that the defendants had “systematically failed to communicate or respond to counsel

communications” and that he therefore had been unable to respond to the plaintiffs’

discovery requests. Jenkins also requested to withdraw from the case.

On December 29, 2003, the district court denied Medco’s motion in its entirety.

The order also stated:

[A] hearing to show cause why Defendants should not be held in

contempt of court is hereby scheduled for TUESDAY, JANUARY 13,

2004, AT 9:30 A.M. Defendants are ordered to personally appear at the

hearing along with defense counsel. Defendants are advised that upon

their failure to appear and upon motion by Plaintiff’s counsel, sanctions

may issue pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(b).

On January 6, 2004, Jenkins sent a Response to Request for Production of

Documents to Robinson, however, none of the information requested was contained

in the response. Most of the answers in the response stated “not applicable.”

On the morning of January 13, the district court convened the show cause

hearing. The court noted that Jenkins, Medco’s counsel, was in attendance, but that

no defendant was present, as required by the December 29 order. Jenkins stated that

he had been trying to reach Medlock since 8:00 a.m. that morning, but had not been

successful. The district court judge ordered marshals to pick up Medlock and bring

him to court.

United States Deputy Marshal Dave Cook (“Deputy Cook”), along with a

member of the local police department, went to Medlock’s home. They knocked on

Appellate Case: 04-1689 Page: 4 Date Filed: 05/11/2005 Entry ID: 1901514
-5-

several doors and received no response. They noted that a back door was ajar.

Deputy Cook and the police officer called one of Medlock’s employees, who came

to the home and entered through the ajar door. After ten to twelve minutes, the

employee returned outside and reported that Medlock did not want to come out until

Jenkins arrived. Jenkins arrived at the residence approximately thirty minutes later.

He entered the home and remained inside for ten to fifteen minutes. Jenkins and

Medlock then left the residence and went to court.

Medlock appeared in court at 11:40 a.m. The district court asked why he had

not appeared at the appointed time, and Medlock answered that it was an oversight.

Medlock said that his businesses were in financial trouble and that he had not been

taking care of business as he should have. Turning to the subject of the hearing,

Robinson detailed their failed attempts to procure information from Medco. Medlock

explained that he did not respond to their requests because Medco no longer existed

and had no funds or assets. Robinson presented evidence that, according to the

Arkansas Department of Revenue, there were eleven tractors and trailers registered

under the name Medco, Inc. At the conclusion of the hearing, the district court

ordered Medlock to produce the eleven tractor/trailer units to the Medco terminal in

Alma, Arkansas by noon on January 20, 2004. The court set a hearing for 3:00 p.m.

on January 20 and ordered Medlock and his wife to appear. The court also ordered

Medlock to provide certain documentation to Robinson within forty-eight hours. 

Medlock provided documents to Robinson on January 15 and 16, 2004. On

January 19, Medco filed for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy protection. This action caused an

automatic stay on other actions against Medco. On January 20, Medco filed the

bankruptcy petition with the district court. The court noted that the same entities that

Medlock had testified were no longer in existence were now filing for bankruptcy.

The court also expressed concern that, while a stay was in place beginning when

Medco filed for bankruptcy, there had been nothing done prior to that time in an

attempt to comply with the court’s order to produce the tractor/trailer units. Jenkins

Appellate Case: 04-1689 Page: 5 Date Filed: 05/11/2005 Entry ID: 1901514
-6-

admitted that, after the January 13 hearing, Medlock told him that if the truckers were

pulled out of service, Medco would have nothing. He stated that, at the time, he and

his client made the decision to file for bankruptcy. United States Deputy Marshal

Mark Spellman testified that two tractor/trailer units were at the Medco terminal.

Jenkins states that the remainder of the units were still in service, on the road. The

district court set a criminal contempt hearing for February 17, 2004.

On February 4, the district court issued an Order to Show Cause, stating

grounds for contempt:

(1) Stifling the United States Marshal Service's performance of a Writ

of Execution;

(2) Failing to respond to Request for Production of Documents by

December 11, 2003;

(3) Failure to appear at the January 13, 2004 hearing; and

(4) Failure to comply with the Court’s Order of January 13, requiring

Medlock to furnish documents and assemble tractor and trailer units.

At the February 17 hearing, Deputies Blevin, Cook, and Spellman testified as to their

dealings with Medlock. Medlock took the stand and admitted he had not complied

with any of the court’s orders. He stated that he did not understand the seriousness

of the judgment and the Writ of Execution. He admitted that he did not tell the

tractor/trailer drivers to drive their rigs to Alma, though he could have done so. He

stated that his attorney had advised him he did not have to produce the tractor/trailer

units because of the bankruptcy. The district court adjudged Medlock in criminal

contempt of court in a March 5, 2004 order. On March 11, the court sentenced

Medlock to a term of imprisonment of fifteen days and a fine of $10,000. 

Appellate Case: 04-1689 Page: 6 Date Filed: 05/11/2005 Entry ID: 1901514
-7-

II. Standard of Review

“We review the District Court’s decision to enter a contempt order for abuse

of discretion, giving plenary review to conclusions of law and reviewing factual

findings for clear error.” Wright v. Nichols, 80 F.3d 1248, 1250 (8th Cir. 1996). 

III. Discussion

On appeal, Medlock raises four arguments: (A) the district court’s December

29 order was not sufficiently specific to be enforceable, (B) Medlock did not willfully

disobey the district court’s orders, (C) the district court violated his due process rights

by trying him for criminal contempt before Judge Dawson, and (D) the district court

abused its discretion when it sentenced Medlock to fifteen days imprisonment and a

$10,000 fine. We will address each argument in turn.

A. The District Court’s Order was Sufficiently Specific to be

enforceable.

As stated above, the December 29, 2003 order stated that:

[A] hearing to show cause why Defendants should not be held in

contempt of court is hereby scheduled for TUESDAY, JANUARY 13,

2004, AT 9:30 A.M. Defendants are ordered to personally appear at the

hearing along with defense counsel. Defendants are advised that upon

their failure to appear and upon motion by Plaintiff’s counsel, sanctions

may issue pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(b).

An individual may not be held in contempt for violating an order unless the

order is “sufficiently specific to be enforceable.” Finney v. Arkansas Bd. of

Correction, 505 F.2d 194, 213 (8th Cir.1974); see also Hazen v. Reagen 16 F.3d 921,

924-25 (8th Cir. 1994). Medlock argues that this order was not specific because it did

Appellate Case: 04-1689 Page: 7 Date Filed: 05/11/2005 Entry ID: 1901514
-8-

not name him, but only said that “defendants” must personally appear. We agree with

the district court that Medlock knew he was the representative for Medco and

therefore reasonably should have known that his presence in court was required by

the order. Medlock was the president and sole shareholder for Medco, Inc. and the

individual who initiated the name reservation for Medco Forwarding, Inc. Medlock

regularly acted on behalf of Medco in communicating with attorneys and the

Marshals Service and appearing in court. Given these facts the court was well within

its authority to sanction him for his violation of the court order. See Chicago Truck

Drivers v. Brotherhood Labor Leasing, 207 F.3d 500, 507 (8th Cir. 2000) (finding

orders were binding upon an individual who was a shareholder, corporate officer, and

agent of the party, “even though the orders made no specific reference to him”). In

addition, he implicitly acknowledged his duty to appear in his responses to the court’s

questions about his failure to do so when he stated that his failure to appear was “an

oversight.” 

B. Medlock Willfully Disobeyed the Court’s Orders.

“In the context of criminal contempt, willfulness ‘means a deliberate or

intended violation, as distinguished from an accidental, inadvertent, or negligent

violation of any order.’” Wright, 80 F.3d at 1251 (quoting Hubbard v. Fleet

Mortgage Co., 810 F.2d 778, 781 (8th Cir. 1987)). “Willfulness may be inferred from

the evidence.” Hubbard, 810 F.2d at 781. 

Medlock admits that he had knowledge of the court orders that gave rise to the

contempt action. He also admits that he disobeyed these orders. During the

February 17 hearing to show cause, counsel for the government asked Medlock, “Just

what is it that you’ve done in these proceedings that Judge Dawson asked you to do?”

Medlock answered, “Nothing, sir.” However, Medlock argues that the government

failed to prove that he willfully violated any order of the district court. 

Appellate Case: 04-1689 Page: 8 Date Filed: 05/11/2005 Entry ID: 1901514
-9-

1. Writ and Order to Compel Discovery

Medlock makes two arguments why his failure to provide payment or discovery

as ordered was not willful. First, he contends that he is unsophisticated and did not

understand that he needed to abide by the order. Second, Medlock argues that his

was not a willful violation because he did eventually provide some of the requested

documents. We find both arguments unpersuasive. 

Medlock’s argument that he is unsophisticated is unconvincing because

Medlock was made aware of his obligations through several means. In addition,

Medlock was represented by counsel and stated that he discussed his legal issues with

his counsel. Under these circumstances, we find Medlock’s failure to provide

payment and discovery willful. Medlock was aware that an action against Medco had

proceeded and that a default judgment had been entered. The Writ was sent to Medco

and personally served on Medlock. On two occasions, Deputy Blevins visited

Medlock and requested payment and information, and Medlock refused. Robinson

later filed the Request and served a copy on both Medlock and his counsel. The due

date for a response was November 12, 2003, and Medco failed to comply with the

Request. On December 9, the district court ordered Medco to respond to the

discovery request by December 11. Medco still failed to do so. A week past the

deadline, Jenkins filed a Motion for Additional Time. In the motion, he stated that

defendants had “systematically failed to communicate or respond to counsel

communications.” 

Medlock argues that he did eventually respond to Robinson’s discovery

request. That response, however, was unsatisfactory. On January 6, Jenkins sent a

response to the discovery request to Robinson. It contained virtually none of the

information requested; most of the answers simply stated “not applicable.” Under

these facts, we find a willful violation of the court’s order.

Appellate Case: 04-1689 Page: 9 Date Filed: 05/11/2005 Entry ID: 1901514
2

Because we find Medlock’s failure to appear and failure to provide discovery

were willful violations of court orders sufficient for the court to hold him in

contempt, we need not address the issue of Medlock’s failure to assemble the

tractor/trailer units.

-10-

2. Order to Appear and Show Cause

Medlock had knowledge of the Order to Appear and reasonably should have

known his attendance was required, though he was not specifically mentioned in the

order. He was the personal representative for the Medco entities in dealings with the

court, attorneys, and the Marshals Service. In addition, Medlock’s attorney stated

that he had informed Medlock that Medlock was required to personally appear and

that he had tried to contact Medlock at his home an hour and a half prior to the

hearing to confirm his attendance. Further, even when a U.S. Marshal and police

officer came to his home to collect him, he did not immediately go with them.

Instead, he required the court to wait for an additional thirty minutes for his attorney

to arrive and then another ten or fifteen minutes before he left his residence with his

attorney. It is difficult to see how his failure to appear was not willful when he

refused to go to court even when law enforcement personnel came to his home and

asked him to come to court. Medlock points out that he did ultimately appear in

court. However, we believe that because he required an escort and was over two

hours late, the fact that he ultimately appeared does not cure his failure to appear for

the hearing as scheduled.2

 

C. Due Process

Medlock contends that his due process right to be tried for contempt by an

unbiased judge was violated because he was tried by the same judge before which the

underlying putative contempt occurred. We agree with the Appellee that Medlock

has waived this argument. 28 U.S.C. § 144 sets out the procedure to disqualify a

judge for bias or prejudice. In order to do so, a party must “make[] and file[] a timely

Appellate Case: 04-1689 Page: 10 Date Filed: 05/11/2005 Entry ID: 1901514
-11-

and sufficient affidavit . . . stat[ing] the facts and the reasons for the belief that bias

or prejudice exists.” Id. The affidavit must be filed within certain time limits. Id.

“An affidavit must strictly comply with all of the statutory requirements before it will

effectively disqualify a judge.” United States v. Anderson, 433 F.2d 856, 859 (8th

Cir. 1970); see also United States v. Young, 907 F.2d 867, 868 (8th Cir. 1990) (“The

district court properly refused to recuse himself because Young’s affidavit was

untimely and legally insufficient.”). Robinson argues, and Medlock does not dispute,

that Medlock failed to comply with the statutory requirements. The issue is therefore

waived. See Jones v. United States, 400 F.2d 892, 894 (8th Cir. 1968) (finding

prejudice claim waived when defendant failed to comply with the 28 U.S.C. § 144

affidavit requirement).

D. The Sentence of Fifteen Days Imprisonment and a $10,000 Fine was

Not Excessive.

The district court sentenced Medlock to fifteen days imprisonment and a

$10,000 fine. “In contempt cases, the trial court has discretion to fashion the

punishment to fit the circumstances.” Hubbard, 810 F.2d at 782. Whether a sentence

for contempt is excessive is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Green v. United

States, 356 U.S. 165, 188 (1958). In this case, Medlock repeatedly failed to comply

with court orders despite several opportunities to do so and despite the fact he was

represented by counsel. He admitted that he had done nothing the district court had

asked him to do. In light of these facts, we find the sentence of fifteen days

imprisonment and a $10,000 fine was not excessive.

IV. Conclusion

For the above reasons, we affirm Medlock’s criminal contempt conviction and

sentence of fifteen days imprisonment and a $10,000 fine.

______________________________

Appellate Case: 04-1689 Page: 11 Date Filed: 05/11/2005 Entry ID: 1901514