Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_15-cv-00539/USCOURTS-caed-1_15-cv-00539-1/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 530
Nature of Suit: Prisoner Petitions - Habeas Corpus
Cause of Action: 28:2254 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (State)

---

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

1

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

MUHAREM KURBEGOVICH,

Plaintiffs,

v.

UNKNOWN “POLICIANS”,

Respondent.

Case No. 1:15-cv-00539-LJO-SAB

ORDER CONSTRUING PETITION FOR 

WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS AS A 

SECTION 1983 CIVIL RIGHTS ACTION 

AND DISMISSING ACTION WITHOUT 

PREJUDICE 

DENYING APPLICATION TO PROCEED 

IN FORMA PAUPERIS

On March 24, 2015, Petitioner filed the instant petition for writ of habeas corpus in the 

Northern District of California. Petitioner also filed an application for leave to proceed in forma 

pauperis. On April 6, 2015, Judge Thelton E. Henderson issued an order construing the petition 

as a civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and transferred the action to this Court. 

(ECF No. 4). On April 8, 2015, the action was transferred into this Court and assigned to the 

undersigned. 

Petitioner filed this action as a petition for writ of habeas corpus. Rule 4 of the Rules 

Governing § 2254 Cases requires the Court to make a preliminary review of each petition for 

writ of habeas corpus. The Court must dismiss a petition "[i]f it plainly appears from the petition 

. . . that the petitioner is not entitled to relief." Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 

Cases; see also Hendricks v. Vasquez, 908 F.2d 490 (9th Cir. 1990). A federal court may only 

grant a petition for writ of habeas corpus if the petitioner can show that "he is in custody in 

Case 1:15-cv-00539-LJO-SAB Document 10 Filed 04/24/15 Page 1 of 4
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

2

violation of the Constitution . . . ." 28 U.S.C. § 2254(a). A habeas corpus petition is the correct 

method for a prisoner to challenge the “legality or duration” of his confinement. Badea v. Cox, 

931 F.2d 573, 574 (9th Cir. 1991) (quoting Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 485 (1973)); 

Advisory Committee Notes to Rule 1 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases. In contrast, a 

civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 is the proper method for a prisoner to challenge 

the conditions of that confinement. McCarthy v. Bronson, 500 U.S. 136, 141-42 (1991); Preiser, 

411 U.S. at 499; Badea, 931 F.2d at 574; Advisory Committee Notes to Rule 1 of the Rules 

Governing Section 2254 Cases. 

Petitioner alleges that his mail privileges have been restricted because he has been “held 

incommunicado for all mail, except mail to and from court clerks.” (ECF No. 1 at 3). Therefore, 

Petitioner is challenging the conditions of his confinement. As Petitioner is challenging the 

conditions of his confinement, he is not entitled to raise his claims in a habeas petition. 

A habeas petition may be construed as a Section 1983 civil rights complaint. Wilwording 

v. Swenson, 404 U.S. 249, 251 (1971). However, the fee is now $400 ($350.00 filing fee plus 

$50.00 administrative fee) for civil rights cases, and under the Prisoner Litigation Reform Act, 

the prisoner is required to pay it by way of deductions from income to the prisoner’s trust 

account, even if granted in forma pauperis status. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). In this case, the 

Court will construe Petitioner’s petition as a Section 1983 civil rights complaint, which has the

$400 fee. 

Plaintiff is not entitled to proceed in forma pauperis in this action. Section 1915(g), Title 

28 of the United States Code provides that “[i]n no event shall a prisoner bring a civil action . . . 

under this section if the prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while incarcerated or 

detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United States that was 

dismissed on the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief 

may be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury.” 28 

U.S.C. § 1915(g). In order to determine whether Plaintiff is entitled to proceed in forma 

puaperis, the Court may take judicial notice of court records in other cases. See United States v. 

Howard, 381 F.3d 873, 876 n.1 (9th Cir. 2004).

Case 1:15-cv-00539-LJO-SAB Document 10 Filed 04/24/15 Page 2 of 4
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

3

Here, Petitioner has on more than three occasions, while incarcerated, brought an action 

that was dismissed for being frivolous or failure to state a claim upon which relief could be 

granted. The Court takes judicial notice of cases Muharem E. Kurbegovich v. Alameida, No. 

3:04-cv-00537-TEH (N.D. Cal.) (dismissed on October 27, 2004, for failure to state a claim and 

failure to comply with Rule 8); Muharem Kurbegovich v. Deputy Director, No. 2:04-cv-05662-

UA-CW (C.D. Cal) (dismissed on August 4, 20004, because Petitioner was denied leave to 

proceed in forma pauperis on the ground the complaint is legally and/or factually patently 

frivolous, lacks a short and plain statement under Rule 8, and fails to state a claim); and 

Muharem Kurbegovich v. Dinko Bozanich, No. 2:03-cv-04742-UA-CW (C.D. Cal.) (dismissed 

on July 28, 2003, when Petitioner was denied leave to proceed in forma pauperis on the ground, 

inter alia, that the complaint is legally and/or factually patently frivolous). 

These strikes were final prior to the date Petitioner filed this action. Silva v. Di Vittorio, 

658 F.3d 1090, 1098-1100 (9th Cir. 2011). Accordingly, Petitioner is subject to section 1915(g) 

and is precluded from proceeding in forma pauperis unless he was, at the time the complaint was 

filed, under imminent danger of serious physical injury. See Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 

1047, 1053 (9th Cir. 2007). 

The Court has reviewed Petitioner’s petition and finds that he does not meet the imminent 

danger exception. Petitioner’s complaint alleges that he has been “held incommunicado for all 

mail, except mail to and from court clerks.” (ECF No. 1 at 3). Because Petitioner alleges no 

facts supporting a finding that he is under imminent danger of serious physical injury, Petitioner

is ineligible to proceed in forma pauperis in this action.1

/ / / 

/ / /

/ / /

/ / /

/ / /

 

1 The Court notes that parts of the petition are unintelligible. 

Case 1:15-cv-00539-LJO-SAB Document 10 Filed 04/24/15 Page 3 of 4
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

4

Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:

1. Petitioner’s petition for writ of habeas corpus is CONSTRUED as a 42 U.S.C. § 1983

civil rights complaint; 

2. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g), Petitioner’s application to proceed in forma 

pauperis in this action is denied; 

3. This action is dismissed, without prejudice, to refiling with the submission of the 

$400.00 fee in full; and 

4. The Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to close the case. 

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: April 23, 2015 /s/ Lawrence J. O’Neill 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

Case 1:15-cv-00539-LJO-SAB Document 10 Filed 04/24/15 Page 4 of 4