Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_09-cv-00698/USCOURTS-caed-1_09-cv-00698-8/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 28:1331 Federal Question: Bivens Act

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

KEENAN HURT,

Plaintiff,

v.

DINNIS SMITH, et al., 

Defendants.

 /

CASE NO. 1:09-cv-698-LJO-MJS (PC)

ORDER DENYING MOTION TO VACATE,

ALTER OR CORRECT COURT’S RULING

(ECF No. 20)

Plaintiff Keenan Hurt (“Plaintiff”) is a federal prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma

pauperis in this action. Plaintiff filed this action on April 21, 2009 pursuant to Bivens v. Six

Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971), which

provides a remedy for violation of civil rights by federal actors. In his original Complaint,

Plaintiff, who is a government informant, alleged that the Bureau of Prisons was not

adequately protecting him and that he was receiving less favorable treatment than other

informants. (ECF No. 1.) 

On September 1, 2009, the Court issued its screening order and concluded that

Plaintiff had failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. After acknowledging

that Plaintiff’s Complaint was a Bivens action filed against federal employees, the Court

held that Plaintiff had failed to state an Eighth Amendment violation because he had failed

to allege how any of the named Defendants placed his life in danger or were deliberately

indifferent to his situation. (ECF No. 10 at 4-5.) The Court also held that Plaintiff had failed

to state a equal protection claim because he had not shown that he was a member of a

Case 1:09-cv-00698-MJS Document 38 Filed 08/02/10 Page 1 of 4
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28 Section 1983 provides a cause of action against state actors for constitutional violations. A

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Bivens action is the equivalent against federal actors. 

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protected class or that he was treated differently than similarly situated individuals. (Id. at

5-6.) In an apparent typographical error, the Court concluded with the statement that

Plaintiff’s Complaint did “not state any claims upon which relief may be granted under

section 1983.” (Id. at 6.) The Court granted Plaintiff leave to amend his Complaint within 1

thirty days and provided Plaintiff with guidance on the steps necessary to amend. (Id. at

6-7.) 

On September 28, 2009, Plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint. The Court screened

this Amended Complaint and found that Plaintiff had again failed to state a claim for an

equal protection violation because he failed to allege how he was treated differently than

other informants based on his status in a protected class. (ECF No. 16 at 4-5.) The Court

dismissed Plaintiff’s equal protection claim without giving him another chance to amend

because he had failed to meaningfully address the issues raised by the Court in its prior

screening order. (Id. at 5.) However, the Court held that Plaintiff had stated a claim for

negligence under the Federal Tort Claims Act based on the government’s failure to

appropriately safeguard hand tools, specifically a wrench that was used to assault Plaintiff.

(Id. at 3-4.) The Court ordered that the United States be served as the appropriate

Defendant for Plaintiff’s negligence claim. (Id. at 5.) 

Plaintiff now moves the Court to alter or amend its Order dismissing his equal

protection claim pursuant to Rule 59(e) or 60(b). 

Rule 59(e) cannot provide Plaintiff relief here. It applies only after judgment has

been entered. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e) (“A motion to alter or amend a judgment must be

filed not later than 10 days after the entry of the judgment.”). Federal Rule of Civil

Procedure 60(b)(6) allows the Court to relieve a party from an order for any reason that

justifies relief. Rule 60(b)(6) “is to be used sparingly as an equitable remedy to prevent

manifest injustice and is to be utilized only where extraordinary circumstances . . .” exist.

Harvest v. Castro, 531 F.3d 737, 749 (9th Cir. 2008) (internal quotations marks and citation

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omitted). The moving party “must demonstrate both injury and circumstances beyond his

control . . . .” Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Further, Local Rule 230(j)

requires, in relevant part, that a plaintiff asking the Court to reconsider a prior order must

show “what new or different facts or circumstances are claimed to exist which did not exist

or were not shown upon such prior motion, or what other grounds exist for the motion,” and

“why the facts or circumstances were not shown at the time of the prior motion.” 

“A motion for reconsideration should not be granted, absent highly unusual

circumstances, unless the district court is presented with newly discovered evidence,

committed clear error, or if there is an intervening change in the controlling law,” and it

“may not be used to raise arguments or present evidence for the first time when they could

reasonably have been raised earlier in the litigation.” Marlyn Nutraceuticals, Inc. v. Mucos

Pharma GmbH & Co., 571 F.3d 873, 880 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotations marks and

citations omitted) (emphasis in original).

Plaintiff contends that he was confused by the Court’s initial screening order

because it stated that he had not set forth a cause of action under section 1983 and he

knew that his action was filed pursuant to Bivens rather than section 1983. Plaintiff has

failed to show, however, how the Court’s typographical error prejudiced him because he

reasserted his claims in his Amended Complaint as a Bivens action. In screening his

Amended Complaint, the Court found that he had set forth a cognizable claim and ordered

the United States to be served. 

Nothing in the instant Motion alleges that the basis for the Court’s dismissal of

Plaintiff’s equal protection claim—his failure to allege disparate treatment based on his

status in a protected class—was incorrect. While prisoners can be members of a protected

class by virtue of their race, religion or other recognized protected status, the fact that

Plaintiff is a prisoner does not itself qualify him as a member of a protected class. See

Pryor v. Brennan, 914 F.2d 921, 923 (7th Cir. 1990) (prisoners “do not constitute a suspect

class”); Moss v. Clark, 886 F.2d 686, 690 (4th Cir. 1989) (“The status of incarceration is

neither an immutable characteristic, nor an invidious basis of classification.”). The Court

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is unaware of, and plaintiff does not cite, legal authority for treating informants as a

protected class for constitutional purposes. In general it appears that Plaintiff simply

disagrees with Court’s ruling dismissing his equal protection claim. Such disagreement is

not sufficient grounds for relief under Rule 60(b). United States v. Westlands Water Dist.,

134 F.Supp.2d 1111, 1131 (E.D. Cal. 2001).

Accordingly, Plaintiff’s Motion to Vacate, Alter or Correct the Court’s November 13,

2009 Motion Dismissing Certain Claims is DENIED. 

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: August 2, 2010 /s/Michael J. Seng 

ci4d6 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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