Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-azd-2_12-cv-00994/USCOURTS-azd-2_12-cv-00994-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 864
Nature of Suit: Social Security - SSID Title XVI
Cause of Action: 42:405 Review of HHS Decision (SSID)

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WO

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

Kenny Renteria, 

Plaintiff, 

vs.

Carolyn W. Colvin, Commissioner of the

Social Security Administration, 

Defendant. 

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CIV 12-994-PHX-MHB

ORDER

Pending before the Court is Plaintiff Kenny Renteria’s appeal from the Social Security

Administration’s final decision to deny his claim for disability insurance benefits and

supplemental security income. After reviewing the administrative record and the arguments

of the parties, the Court now issues the following ruling.

I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On May 7, 2009, Plaintiff filed applications for disability insurance benefits and

supplemental security income pursuant to Titles II and XVI of the Social Security Act,

alleging disability beginning December 22, 2006. (Transcript of Administrative Record

(“Tr.”) at 135-44, 13.) His applications were denied initially and on reconsideration. (Tr.

at 67-74, 77-83.) On May 28, 2010, he requested a hearing before an Administrative Law

Judge (“ALJ”). (Tr. at 84-85, 13.) A hearing was held on October 19, 2011. (Tr. at 31-62.)

On October 24, 2011, the ALJ issued a decision in which he found that Plaintiff was not

disabled. (Tr. at 10-30.) Thereafter, Plaintiff requested review of the ALJ’s decision. (Tr.

at 7-9.)

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The Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s request, (Tr. at 1-6), thereby rendering the

ALJ’s decision the final decision of the Commissioner. Plaintiff then sought judicial review

of the ALJ’s decision pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

The Court must affirm the ALJ’s findings if the findings are supported by substantial

evidence and are free from reversible legal error. See Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 720

(9th Cir. 1998); Marcia v. Sullivan, 900 F.2d 172, 174 (9th Cir. 1990). Substantial evidence

means “more than a mere scintilla” and “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might

accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401

(1971); see Reddick, 157 F.3d at 720.

In determining whether substantial evidence supports a decision, the Court considers

the administrative record as a whole, weighing both the evidence that supports and the

evidence that detracts from the ALJ’s conclusion. See Reddick, 157 F.3d at 720. “The ALJ

is responsible for determining credibility, resolving conflicts in medical testimony, and for

resolving ambiguities.” Andrews v. Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 1995); see

Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 F.2d 747, 750 (9th Cir. 1989). “If the evidence can reasonably

support either affirming or reversing the [Commissioner’s] conclusion, the court may not

substitute its judgment for that of the [Commissioner].” Reddick, 157 F.3d at 720-21.

III. THE ALJ’S FINDINGS

In order to be eligible for disability or social security benefits, a claimant must

demonstrate an “inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any

medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in

death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than

12 months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). An ALJ determines a claimant’s eligibility for

benefits by following a five-step sequential evaluation:

(1) determine whether the applicant is engaged in “substantial gainful activity”;

(2) determine whether the applicant has a medically severe impairment or

combination of impairments;

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1

 “Residual functional capacity” is defined as the most a claimant can do after

considering the effects of physical and/or mental limitations that affect the ability to perform

work-related tasks.

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(3) determine whether the applicant’s impairment equals one of a number of listed

impairments that the Commissioner acknowledges as so severe as to preclude the

applicant from engaging in substantial gainful activity;

(4) if the applicant’s impairment does not equal one of the listed impairments,

determine whether the applicant is capable of performing his or her past relevant

work;

(5) if the applicant is not capable of performing his or her past relevant work,

determine whether the applicant is able to perform other work in the national

economy in view of his age, education, and work experience.

See Bowen v. Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 140-42 (1987) (citing 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520,

416.920). At the fifth stage, the burden of proof shifts to the Commissioner to show that the

claimant can perform other substantial gainful work. See Penny v. Sullivan, 2 F.3d 953, 956

(9th Cir. 1993).

At step one, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful

activity since December 22, 2006 – the alleged onset date. (Tr. at 15.) At step two, he found

that Plaintiff had the following severe impairments: arthritis; obesity; degenerative disc

disease; tobacco abuse; narcotic abuse; abdominal pain; and torn meniscus with bilateral

knee pain. (Tr. at 15-18.) At step three, the ALJ stated that Plaintiff did not have an

impairment or combination of impairments that met or medically equaled an impairment

listed in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 of the Commissioner’s regulations. (Tr.

at 18.) After consideration of the entire record, the ALJ found that Plaintiff retained “the

residual functional capacity to perform light work ... except for the following limitations: the

claimant is capable of occasionally climbing ramps and stairs, balancing, stooping,

crouching, crawling, and kneeling; but is precluded from climbing ladders, ropes, and/or

scaffolds. The claimant is to avoid concentrated use of moving machinery; and avoid

concentrated exposure to unprotected heights. He is capable of simple, unskilled work.”1

(Tr. at 18-23.) The ALJ determined that Plaintiff was unable to perform any past relevant

work, but based on his age, education, work experience, and residual functional capacity,

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2

 GRID Rule 202.09 provides for a disabled determination for individuals

approaching advanced age (defined as 50-54 years of age), who are illiterate or unable to

communicate in English, and who have “unskilled or none” previous work experience.

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there are jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national economy that Plaintiff can

perform. (Tr. at 23-25.) Therefore, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff has not been under a

disability from December 22, 2006, through the date of his decision. (Tr. at 25.)

IV. DISCUSSION

In his brief, Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred by: (1) failing to find him illiterate;

(2) failing to properly consider his subjective complaints; and (3) failing to properly weigh

medical source opinion evidence. Plaintiff requests that the Court remand for determination

of benefits.

A. Plaintiff’s Ability to Read and Write

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred by failing to find him illiterate. Specifically,

Plaintiff contends that “[t]he ALJ ignor[ed] the evidence demonstrating illiteracy resulting

in a mischaracterization of evidence and legal error.” Plaintiff alleges that a finding of

functional illiteracy is supported by his own testimony; the findings of consultative examiner

Joanna Woods, Psy.D.; and the testimony of vocational expert Nathan Dean. Plaintiff states

that a determination of disabled is mandatory pursuant to GRID Rule 202.09.2

In evaluating a claimant’s education, the Social Security Administration uses the

following categories:

(1) Illiteracy. Illiteracy means the inability to read or write. We consider

someone illiterate if the person cannot read or write a simple message such as

instructions or inventory lists even though the person can sign his or her name.

Generally, an illiterate person has had little or no formal schooling.

(2) Marginal education. Marginal education means ability in reasoning,

arithmetic, and language skills which are needed to do simple, unskilled types

of jobs. We generally consider that formal schooling at a 6th grade level or less

is a marginal education.

(3) Limited education. Limited education means ability in reasoning,

arithmetic, and language skills, but not enough to allow a person with these

educational qualifications to do most of the more complex job duties needed

in semi-skilled or skilled jobs. We generally consider that a 7th grade through

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the 11th grade level of formal education is a limited education.

(4) High school education and above. High school education and above means

abilities in reasoning, arithmetic, and language skills acquired through formal

schooling at a 12th grade level or above. We generally consider that someone

with these educational abilities can do semi-skilled through skilled work. ...

20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1564(b)(1)-(4), 416.964(b)(1)-(4). The Administration also emphasizes

that the numerical grade level that the claimant completed in school may not represent his

actual educational abilities – these may be higher or lower. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1564(b),

416.964(b)(1)-(4). However, if there is no other evidence to contradict the numerical grade

level, an ALJ will use it to determine a claimant’s educational abilities. See 20 C.F.R. §§

404.1564(b), 416.964(b).

Plaintiff, who was 51-years-old at the time of the hearing, testified to the following

regarding his education and ability to read and write:

Q And what is the highest level of education you obtained?

A I started ninth grade but never finished.

Q Okay. So you completed eighth?

A I completed eighth.

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Q How are you doing on learning to read and write?

A It’s not easy, but I work at it.

Q Can you read three letter words?

A Yes.

Q Can you read and understand the newspaper?

A I’d have to read it a few times, sound it out, but.

Q Would you be able to write a phone message?

A Short one. Like, Rudy called me, I just say – spell it out the best I

could and call him.

Q Are you able to spell?

A No.

Q Do you know what grade level you read at?

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A Probably, I’d say fourth grade.

Q If you were to take a phone message, say Mr. Slepian want you to

return his call at 7:30 p.m., would you be able to do something like

that?

A Yeah, but like I say, I’d try to sound it out and then just write 7:30 call

back.

(Tr. at 38, 41-42.) Based on this testimony, Plaintiff’s attorney examined the vocational

expert Nathan Dean stating, in pertinent part:

Q Mr. Dean, from a vocational perspective given the claimant’s

limitations in ability to read and write, would that be equivalent to on

a vocational scale to being illiterate?

A Yes, I believe it would.

(Tr. at 59.)

On September 26, 2009, Joanna Woods, Psy.D., performed a consultative

examination. (Tr. at 16, 522-28.) As set forth in the ALJ’s decision, Dr. Woods concluded

“there is no evidence to indicate that Mr. Renteria is unable to work based solely on Axis I

or Axis II diagnosis. He does not currently meet criteria for major depression disorder nor

does he meet any criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder at this time. He does not

demonstrate impairments in memory or concentration that would preclude him from work.

He is able to interact in a socially appropriate way. He has demonstrated ability in the area

of adaptation as he has been participating in activities at a local gym.” (Tr. at 16, 526.) Dr.

Woods further determined that Plaintiff “is able to remember and understand instructions,

locations and work like procedures.” He “has the ability to maintain attention and

concentration ..., carry out instructions and sustain a normal routine without special

supervision ..., interact with others ..., [and] respond appropriately to changes in a work

setting and to be aware of hazards and take appropriate action.” (Tr. at 16, 527.) As to his

education, Dr. Woods noted that “Mr. Renteria states that he dropped out of high school

because he could not read or write. He states he learned to read at the age of 34. He took

one college course. He was in special education for ‘literacy.’” (Tr. at 21, 523.) Dr. Woods

also documented that during testing Plaintiff “was not able to spell the word WORLD

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forward or backwards but was able to spell the word CAT forward and backwards.” She

indicated that “[t]his is likely based on his history of poor literacy.” (Tr. at 525.) Lastly, she

stated that “[w]hen asked to write a sentence that makes sense, his spelling was wrong, it was

a run on sentence with poor grammar. He is suspected to have a below average IQ.” (Tr. at

525.)

After considering the evidence set forth in the record regarding Plaintiff’s ability to

read and write, the ALJ found that Plaintiff has a limited education and is able to

communicate in English. (Tr. at 24.) The ALJ stated, in pertinent part:

[Plaintiff] claims he is illiterate, but there is no evidence to support this

allegation. The claimant was able to obtain a driver’s license; reports reading

the newspaper, and took one college course. The claimant reports he learned

to read at age 34. There is no prior allegations of illiteracy until the hearing.

Moreover, the claimant has been able to perform skilled past work for most of

his career. This is inconsistent with allegations of illiteracy. The medical

evidence of record indicates the claimant is capable of paying bills, using the

computer, handling his finances, and even reports he is in the process of

writing a book (Exhibit 3E).

(Tr. at 21.)

The Commissioner, not this Court, is charged with the duty to weigh the evidence,

resolve material conflicts in the evidence, and determine the case accordingly. Reviewing

courts must consider the evidence that supports as well as detracts from the examiner’s

conclusion. See Day v. Weinberger, 522 F.2d 1154, 1156 (9th Cir. 1975). “When the

evidence before the ALJ is subject to more than one rational interpretation, we must defer

to the ALJ’s conclusion.” Batson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 359 F.3d 1190, 1198 (9th

Cir. 2004). This is so because “[t]he [ALJ] and not the reviewing court must resolve

conflicts in the evidence,” moreover, “if the evidence can support either outcome, the court

may not substitute its judgment for that of the ALJ.” Matney v. Sullivan, 981 F.2d 1016,

1019 (9th Cir. 1992). At the same time, the Court “must consider the entire record as a whole

and may not affirm simply by isolating a ‘specific quantum of supporting evidence.’”

Batson, 359 F.3d at 1198 (citing Hammock v. Bowen, 879 F.2d 498, 501 (9th Cir.1989)).

The Court finds that the ALJ did not err in finding that Plaintiff is able to read and

write. Although Plaintiff testified that he could not read or write very well (Tr. at 41-42),

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there is evidence in the record that conflicts with a finding that Plaintiff is “illiterate” under

the regulations. First, Plaintiff had an eighth-grade education (Tr. at 38, 157) and a history

of skilled work (Tr. at 56), which are consistent with the regulatory definitions of “limited”

or “marginal” education, rather than “illiteracy.” Compare 20 C.F.R. § 404.1564(b)(3)

(Limited education “means ability in reasoning, arithmetic, and language skills, but not

enough to allow a person with these educational qualifications to do most of the more

complex job duties needed in semi-skilled or skilled jobs. We generally consider that a 7th

grade through the 11th grade level of formal education is a limited education.”) and 20

C.F.R. § 404.1564(b)(2) (Marginal education “means ability in reasoning, arithmetic, and

language skills which are needed to do simple, unskilled types of jobs. We generally

consider that formal schooling at a 6th grade level or less is a marginal education.”) with 20

C.F.R. §§ 404.1564(b)(1) (“Generally, an illiterate person has had little or no formal

schooling.”). The fact that Plaintiff testified that he could read and understand the newspaper

and take a short phone message (Tr. 41), supports a conclusion that he could at least “read

or write a simple message” under 20 C.F.R. § 404.1564(b)(1).

Second, as the ALJ indicated in his decision, except for the allegations set forth in the

hearing testimony, the record is absent of, and Plaintiff fails to direct the Court to, any

evidence demonstrating illiteracy. Rather, the record – including Plaintiff’s applications,

disability reports, daily activities, as well as, the objective medical evidence – indicates that

he can read and write in English. And, although Dr. Woods (who Plaintiff relies upon in an

effort to demonstrate illiteracy) notes a “history of poor literacy,” she never states that

Plaintiff is, in fact, illiterate. Instead, she reports that Plaintiff learned to read at the age of

34 and took one college course. (Tr. at 21, 523.)

Finally, as the Court has noted, Grid Rule 202.09 applies to an individual with

unskilled, or no work experience. Here, Plaintiff has a history of skilled work experience

(Tr. 56), thus, Grid Rule 202.09 does not apply.

In sum, Plaintiff’s assertion of illiteracy is unpersuasive. The ALJ’s finding that he

was not illiterate is supported by substantial evidence of record.

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 With respect to the claimant’s daily activities, the ALJ may reject a claimant’s

symptom testimony if the claimant is able to spend a substantial part of her day performing

household chores or other activities that are transferable to a work setting. See Fair v.

Bowen, 885 F.2d 597, 603 (9th Cir. 1989). The Social Security Act, however, does not

require that claimants be utterly incapacitated to be eligible for benefits, and many home

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B. Plaintiff’s Subjective Complaints

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in rejecting his subjective complaints in the absence

of clear and convincing reasons for doing so.

To determine whether a claimant’s testimony regarding subjective pain or symptoms

is credible, the ALJ must engage in a two-step analysis. “First, the ALJ must determine

whether the claimant has presented objective medical evidence of an underlying impairment

‘which could reasonably be expected to produce the pain or other symptoms alleged.’ The

claimant, however, ‘need not show that her impairment could reasonably be expected to

cause the severity of the symptom she has alleged; she need only show that it could

reasonably have caused some degree of the symptom.’” Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 F.3d

1028, 1036-37 (9th Cir. 2007) (citations omitted). “Second, if the claimant meets this first

test, and there is no evidence of malingering, ‘the ALJ can reject the claimant’s testimony

about the severity of her symptoms only by offering specific, clear and convincing reasons

for doing so.’” Id. at 1037 (citations omitted). General assertions that the claimant’s

testimony is not credible are insufficient. See Parra v. Astrue, 481 F.3d 742, 750 (9th Cir.

2007). The ALJ must identify “what testimony is not credible and what evidence undermines

the claimant’s complaints.” Id. (quoting Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 834 (9th Cir. 1995)).

In weighing a claimant’s credibility, the ALJ may consider many factors, including,

“(1) ordinary techniques of credibility evaluation, such as the claimant’s reputation for lying,

prior inconsistent statements concerning the symptoms, and other testimony by the claimant

that appears less than candid; (2) unexplained or inadequately explained failure to seek

treatment or to follow a prescribed course of treatment; and (3) the claimant’s daily

activities.” Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1284 (9th Cir. 1996); see Orn v. Astrue, 495

F.3d 624, 637-39 (9th Cir. 2007).3

 The ALJ also considers “the claimant’s work record and

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28 activities may not be easily transferable to a work environment where it might be impossible

to rest periodically or take medication. See id.

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observations of treating and examining physicians and other third parties regarding, among

other matters, the nature, onset, duration, and frequency of the claimant’s symptom;

precipitating and aggravating factors; [and] functional restrictions caused by the symptoms

... .” Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1284 (citation omitted).

At the administrative hearing, Plaintiff testified that he lived by himself in an

apartment, that he is 5’ 8” tall and weighs 205 pounds, and that he attended school through

the eighth grade. (Tr. at 38.) He stated that he has not worked since December of 2006, after

being stabbed in the abdomen, small intestines, large intestines, and spine. (Tr. at 40, 42.)

After the stabbing, Plaintiff underwent immediate surgery with complications of an infection

that ran throughout his body and affected his kidneys and lungs. (Tr. at 42.) Two months

following the stabbing and surgery, Plaintiff underwent additional surgery as there was

incomplete removal of stool from the intestines. (Tr. at 42.) In total, Plaintiff underwent

“four or five” surgeries and allegedly suffers ongoing abdominal pain with functional

limitation. (Tr. at 43.) When lifting, moving the wrong way, or getting up from a seated

position, Plaintiff experiences pain in the abdominal area that requires him to sit in a fetal

position. (Tr. at 43.) He stated that he could lift 15 pounds at a time, but did not think he

could do it on a regular basis. (Tr. at 44.) He stated that current treatment for his abdominal

pain consisted of prescription medication, and also indicated that he was subject to back and

knee pain that was treated with prescription medication and home exercises. (Tr. at 45.)

Plaintiff stated that he could stand one-and-a-half to two hours at a time, and sit for two hours

at a time. (Tr. at 46.) He also said that he has difficulty sleeping due to muscle cramps. (Tr.

at 47.) Plaintiff indicated that he drinks a six-pack to a twelve-pack of beer a week. (Tr. at

48.) Plaintiff testified that during the day he does volunteer work at a youth program

(boxing) he has developed, and that he does a lot of stretching, focus ball work, light weights,

and Chi. (Tr. at 49-51.)

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Having reviewed the record along with the ALJ’s credibility analysis, the Court finds

that the ALJ made extensive credibility findings and identified several clear and convincing

reasons supported by the record for discounting Plaintiff’s statements regarding his pain and

limitations. Although the ALJ recognized that Plaintiff’s medically determinable

impairments could reasonably be expected to cause the alleged symptoms, he also found that

Plaintiff’s statements concerning the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of the

symptoms were not fully credible. (Tr. at 19-22.)

In his evaluation of Plaintiff’s testimony, the ALJ first referenced the objective

medical evidence finding that said evidence did not support pain and limitations of the degree

alleged. (Tr. at 19-21); see Carmickle v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 533 F.3d 1155, 1161

(9th Cir. 2008) (“Contradiction with the medical record is a sufficient basis for rejecting the

claimant’s subjective testimony.”) (citation omitted); Batson, 359 F.3d at 1197 (lack of

objective medical evidence supporting claimant’s allegations supported ALJ’s finding that

claimant was not credible). Specifically, citing to medical records from John C. Lincoln

Hospital dated December 22, 2006 to February 21, 2009, the ALJ stated that the numerous

issues surrounding Plaintiff’s stab wounds are “transient and resolved with immediate

treatment.” (Tr. at 19, 388-412.) Further, citing to records from 21st Century Family

Medicine and Barrow Neurology Clinics, the ALJ stated that Plaintiff’s treating physicians

were “heavily encouraged” that his MRIs and EMGs were “all within normal limits” in

March of 2008 and that Plaintiff reported that he “was getting much better.” (Tr. at 20, 231-

34.) The ALJ noted that in May and June of 2008, the medical records indicated that

Plaintiff was “feeling about 80% better” after complaining of urinary and bowel obstructiontype symptoms and that Bentyl “helped significantly.” (Tr. at 19-20, 238-41.) The ALJ

found that Plaintiff was ultimately discharged from John C. Lincoln Hospital in May of 2008

in “good condition” with “no limitations on his activity or diet.” (Tr. at 20, 277.)

The ALJ then analyzed Plaintiff’s pain management regimen citing multiple sources

within the medical record to discount Plaintiff’s subjective complaints, see, e.g., Johnson v.

Shalala, 60 F.3d 1428, 1434 (9th Cir. 1995) (evidence of “conservative treatment” is

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sufficient to discount a claimant’s testimony regarding severity of an impairment), as

follows:

The medical evidence of record indicates the claimant’s pain management

regimen is effective at minimizing his chronic abdominal pain. “Moderate”

stability of the claimant’s pain was reported throughout 2011 (Exhibits 19F;

22F). May 2011 treatment notes indicate the claimant’s functional impairment

was “moderate,” in that he reported his pain “interferes with only some daily

activities” (Exhibit 22F, p.5). April 2011 treatment notes indicate that

claimant is “active and generally healthy,” and feeling “well now on Voltaren,

etc.” (Exhibit 23F, p.8). March 2011 treatment notes indicate the claimant is

“active and generally healthy,” with “generally stable” weight, despite

complaining of back pain (Exhibit 18F, p.1). Treatment notes from the same

office visit indicated he had “weaned himself off his opiates” (Exhibit 18F,

p.1). Treatment notes from September 2010 indicated “the claimant has not

been in for awhile,” due to him exclusively seeing his pain management team

(Exhibit 18F, p.11). The claimant reported his medications were “providing

benefit” in June 2009 and denied any side effects (Exhibit 5F, p.80).

(Tr. at 20.) From 2007 through 2009, the ALJ, citing medical records from The Pain Center

of Arizona, documented multiple instances wherein Plaintiff reported that his medication was

“effective,” that Plaintiff was noted to be improving and “doing well,” and that Plaintiff’s

pain was again reported as “moderate” or “current” stability. (Tr. at 20, 413-93.) Plaintiff

was consistently discharged from The Pain Center “without the use of any support

equipment,” and, according to the records, was “able to learn how to tolerate physical pain

he is in with a minimal amount of pain medications.” (Tr. at 20, 413-93, 698-707, 695.)

Again, citing from the various medical sources and records listed previously, the ALJ

additionally found that Plaintiff’s physical examinations were “largely ‘normal,’ ‘within

normal limits,’ and ‘unremarkable.’” (Tr. at 20.) He stated that the findings “repeatedly

included ‘good’ muscle strength, bulk and tone; ‘normal’ gait; ‘normal’ range of motion,

flexion and extension; ‘unremarkable’ sensory results; and ‘normal’ deep tendon reflexes.”

(Tr. at 20.) He discussed the diagnostic studies performed on Plaintiff from January of 2009

through August of 2011 noting that in “June 2009 lumbar MRI results demonstrated ‘mild’

facet hypertrophy at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels, with ‘otherwise unremarkable’ findings”;

in “September 2009 lumbosacral MRI imaging revealed ‘negative’ results” and “upper and

lower extremity nerve conduction study data demonstrated ‘mild’ bilateral radiculopathy at

the S-1 level, with all other results normal”; in “October 2010 lumbar MRI results

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demonstrated ‘mild’ spondylosis with ‘no focal herniated nucleus pulpous, canal stentosis

or foraminal compromise’”; and in “August 2011 lumbar MRI images demonstrated

‘minimal’ facet arthrosis at L4-L5 and L5-S1, with ‘no canal or foraminal compromise.’” (Tr.

at 21, 499-500, 520-21, 266, 718-19.)

In addition to the objective medical evidence used to support his credibility analysis,

the ALJ also found that evidence of Plaintiff’s daily activities, as well as, inconsistencies in

the record “somewhat diminished” Plaintiff’s credibility. (Tr. at 21-22.) “[I]f the claimant

engages in numerous daily activities involving skills that could be transferred to the

workplace, an adjudicator may discredit the claimant’s allegations upon making specific

findings relating to the claimant’s daily activities.” Bunnell v. Sullivan, 947 F.2d 341, 346

(9th Cir. 1991) (citing Fair, 885 F.2d at 603). “An adjudicator may also use ‘ordinary

techniques of credibility evaluation’ to test a claimant’s credibility.” Id. (internal citation

omitted). “So long as the adjudicator makes specific findings that are supported by the

record, the adjudicator may discredit the claimant’s allegations based on inconsistencies in

the testimony or on relevant character evidence.” Id.

Regarding the inconsistencies in the record detracting from Plaintiff’s credibility, the

ALJ addressed Dr. Woods’ September 26, 2009 psychiatric consultation wherein Plaintiff

stated that he has been looking for work, but that no one will hire him with all the

medications he is taking. (Tr. at 21, 524.) As previously demonstrated, the ALJ found

multiple instances wherein Plaintiff reported that his medication was “effective,” that he was

noted to be improving and “doing well,” and that his pain was reported as “moderate” or

“current” stability. (Tr. at 20, 413-93.) Indeed, by June of 2009, Plaintiff was “able to learn

how to tolerate physical pain he is in with a minimal amount of pain medications.” (Tr. at

20, 695.) Moreover, the ALJ found Plaintiff’s allegation of illiteracy (previously addressed

by this Court at 4-9) inconsistent with the evidence set forth in the record.

As to Plaintiff’s daily activities, the ALJ stated, “the claimant has described daily

activities which are not limited to the extent one would expect, given the complaints of

disabling symptoms and limitations.” (Tr. at 21.) According the records provided from Dr.

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Woods’ consultation and The Pain Center of Arizona, the ALJ found that Plaintiff “teaches

and volunteers and works with children to keep himself active.” (Tr. at 21, 522-28.) Plaintiff

alleges no limitations with his activities of daily living, and no problems with his personal

care. Plaintiff reported going for daily walks, visiting his son and granddaughter daily,

teaching children how to box, spending “five hours per day” at the gym, being “able to do

his chores at his home,” shopping for groceries, and doing laundry. (Tr. at 21, 522-28.) At

the hearing, Plaintiff testified that he is capable of standing for “two hours,” and the record

indicates that Plaintiff socializes “daily,” and states that he is “writing his own book.” (Tr.

at 22, 46, 522-28.) While not alone conclusive on the issue of disability, an ALJ can

reasonably consider a claimant’s daily activities in evaluating the credibility of his subjective

complaints. See, e.g., Stubbs-Danielson v. Astrue, 539 F.3d 1169, 1175 (9th Cir. 2008)

(upholding ALJ’s credibility determination based in part of the claimant’s abilities to cook,

clean, do laundry, and help her husband with the finances); Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676,

680-81 (9th Cir. 2005) (upholding ALJ’s credibility determination based in part on the

claimant’s abilities to cook, clean, shop, and handle finances).

In summary, the Court finds that the ALJ provided a sufficient basis to find Plaintiff’s

allegations not entirely credible. While perhaps the individual factors, viewed in isolation,

are not sufficient to uphold the ALJ’s decision to discredit Plaintiff’s allegations, each factor

is relevant to the ALJ’s overall analysis, and it was the cumulative effect of all the factors

that led to the ALJ’s decision. The Court concludes that the ALJ has supported his decision

to discredit Plaintiff’s allegations with specific, clear and convincing reasons and, therefore,

the Court finds no error.

C. Medical Source Opinion Evidence

Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred by failing to properly weigh medical source

opinion evidence. Specifically, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to consider the opinions

of John Prieve, D.O., who performed a consultative examination on September 1, 2009, and

Plaintiff’s treating physician, Brock Merritt, D.O.

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“The ALJ is responsible for resolving conflicts in the medical record.” Carmickle v.

Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 533 F.3d at 1164. Such conflicts may arise between a treating

physician’s medical opinion and other evidence in the claimant’s record. In weighing

medical source opinions in Social Security cases, the Ninth Circuit distinguishes among three

types of physicians: (1) treating physicians, who actually treat the claimant; (2) examining

physicians, who examine but do not treat the claimant; and (3) non-examining physicians,

who neither treat nor examine the claimant. See Lester, 81 F.3d at 830. The Ninth Circuit

has held that a treating physician’s opinion is entitled to “substantial weight.” Bray v.

Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 554 F.3d 1219, 1228 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting Embrey v. Bowen,

849 F.2d 418, 422 (9th Cir. 1988)). A treating physician’s opinion is given controlling weight

when it is “well-supported by medically accepted clinical and laboratory diagnostic

techniques and is not inconsistent with the other substantial evidence in [the claimant’s] case

record.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(2). On the other hand, if a treating physician’s opinion

“is not well-supported” or “is inconsistent with other substantial evidence in the record,” then

it should not be given controlling weight. Orn, 495 F.3d at 631.

If a treating physician’s opinion is not contradicted by the opinion of another

physician, then the ALJ may discount the treating physician’s opinion only for “clear and

convincing” reasons. See Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1164 (quoting Lester, 81 F.3d at 830). If

a treating physician’s opinion is contradicted by another physician’s opinion, then the ALJ

may reject the treating physician’s opinion if there are “specific and legitimate reasons that

are supported by substantial evidence in the record.” Id. (quoting Lester, 81 F.3d at 830).

1. Dr. Prieve

Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred in rejecting Dr. Prieve’s opinion “based on the

allegation that Dr. Prieve was not properly licensed at the time of the examination and was

not a qualified medical source.” Plaintiff alleges that Dr. Prieve was properly licensed at the

time the examination was conducted, and asserts that “because the Defendant has not

established specific and legitimate reasons set forth by the ALJ for rejecting the medical

opinion of Dr. Prieve, said opinion should now be credited as true.”

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According to the record, Dr. Prieve performed a consultative examination on

September 1, 2009. (Tr. at 511-19.) The parties briefly discussed Dr. Prieve’s evaluation

at the October 19, 2011 hearing before the ALJ stating:

[Plaintiff’s] ATTY: Yes, I’m going to back track on one of the things that I

had mentioned earlier, Your Honor.

ALJ: Okay.

[Plaintiff’s] ATTY: We do note that there’s an evaluation for Dr. Preeve

(Phonetic). It’s my understanding that based upon –

ALJ: No license? Yeah, that’s already factored in.

(Tr. at 35.)

In his decision, addressed Dr. Prieve’s findings and opinion as follows:

John Prieve, D.O. performed a consultative examination of the claimant at the

request of the State agency and submitted a medical source statement (Exhibit

7F). However, Dr. Prieve was not properly licensed during the time he

performed the examination and rendered his medical opinions. Because he

was not licensed, he was not a “qualified” medical source to perform the

consultative examination under 404.1519(g) and 416.919(g), was not a

qualified psychological consultant as defined in 20 CFR 404.1616(e) and

416.1016(e), or an “acceptable medical source” under 20 CFR 404.1513(a)(1)

and (2), 416.913(a)(1) and (2). Therefore, reliance on his findings, statements,

or opinions as a qualified or acceptable medical source would be erroneous.

(Tr. at 22-23.)

In support of his argument that Dr. Prieve was licensed to practice medicine in

Arizona at the time of the examination, Plaintiff directs the Court to the Official Website of

the Arizona Medical Board, www.azmd.gov. Under the heading entitled “General

Information,” Dr. Prieve is currently listed as having an “Active” license, with a license issue

date of January 15, 2003. Under the heading entitled “Board Actions,” however, Dr. Prieve

is listed as having been under probation pursuant to a Consent Agreement beginning

February 1, 2007 through August 8, 2011. According to the information provided in the

Consent Agreement, Dr. Prieve’s license to practice medicine was suspended by the

Massachusetts Board of Registration in Medicine as a result of disciplinary action taken in

the State of Massachusetts related to alcohol and chemical dependency issues.

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 Plaintiff also alleges that the ALJ erred in “concluding that Dr. Prieve was provided

fallacious information.” Under the discussion of Dr. Prieve’s opinion, the ALJ states that in

light of that fact that Dr. Prieve was not properly licensed “reliance on his findings,

statements, or opinions as a qualified or acceptable medical source would be erroneous.”

There is no mention of, or conclusion as to, “fallacious information” and, thus, Plaintiff’s

argument is unpersuasive.

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Having reviewed the record as well as the submissions provided by Plaintiff, the Court

finds no error in the ALJ’s decision not to rely on Dr. Prieve’s findings. Although it appears

that Dr. Prieve’s Arizona license had not been revoked or suspended during the time frame

in question, he was, in fact, on probation for 5 years. Further, the Massachusetts Board of

Registration in Medicine did suspend Plaintiff’s license to practice medicine in the

Commonwealth indefinitely – which ultimately led to Plaintiff’s probationary status in

Arizona. Thus, according to 20 C.F.R. § 404.1503a, any reliance on Dr. Prieve’s opinion

would have been error. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1503a provides that the Social Security

Administration will not use in its program “any individual or entity ... whose license to

provide health care services is currently revoked or suspended by any State licensing

authority ....” Therefore, the Court will not disturb the ALJ’s conclusion as to Dr. Prieve.4

2. Dr. Merritt

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in giving greater weight to a non-treating, nonexamining source over the opinion of Dr. Merritt who recommended on February 11, 2010,

that Plaintiff not work for one year. Since the opinion of Dr. Merritt, Plaintiff’s treating

physician, was contradicted by State agency medical consultants, as well as, other objective

medical evidence, the specific and legitimate standard applies.

Historically, the courts have recognized the following as specific, legitimate reasons

for disregarding a treating or examining physician’s opinion: conflicting medical evidence;

the absence of regular medical treatment during the alleged period of disability; the lack of

medical support for doctors’ reports based substantially on a claimant’s subjective complaints

of pain; and medical opinions that are brief, conclusory, and inadequately supported by

medical evidence. See, e.g., Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 1211, 1216 (9th Cir. 2005); Flaten

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v. Secretary of Health and Human Servs., 44 F.3d 1453, 1463-64 (9th Cir. 1995); Fair, 885

F.2d at 604. Here, the Court finds that the ALJ properly gave specific and legitimate reasons,

based on substantial evidence in the record, for discounting Dr. Merritt’s opinion.

Subsequent to being stabbed in the abdomen, Plaintiff received treatment from Dr.

Merritt beginning as a new patient in March of 2008. (Tr. at 248-249.) Dr. Merritt’s

treatment notes show that he treated Plaintiff for abdominal and low back pain post

abdominal surgery. (Tr. at 235-36, 238-39, 241-42, 245-46, 248-49, 571, 575, 578-79, 581-

82, 587-88.) In February of 2010, the record indicates that Plaintiff saw Dr. Merritt for

“stuffy nose, headaches, sinus pressure, and follow-up on disability” as his “chief

complaint.” (Tr. at 587-88.) As to his “history of present illness,” Dr. Merritt stated that

Plaintiff “has still been unable to work and having a lot of pain in his low back.” (Tr. at

587.) Dr. Merritt recommended “no work for the next year.” (Tr. at 588.)

On October 6, 2009, state agency medical consultant, Charles Fina, M.D., reviewed

the medical record and completed a Physical Residual Functional Capacity Assessment. (Tr.

at 529-36.) Dr. Fina opined that Plaintiff could lift and/or carry 20 pounds occasionally and

10 pounds frequently; stand and/or walk about six hours in an 8-hour workday; sit about six

hours in an 8-hour workday; frequently climb ramps/stairs, balance, stoop, kneel, crouch and

crawl; and occasionally climb ladders/ropes/scaffolds. He found that Plaintiff did not have

manipulative, visual, and communicative limitations but should avoid concentrated exposure

to hazards (machinery, heights, etc.). Dr. Fina specifically noted that Plaintiff’s “allegations

outweigh the facts,” that “there are no positive neuro findings and the x-rays of the back are

NORMAL,” and that “the neurosurgeon found nothing objectively wrong with the clmt ....”

(emphasis original). (Tr. at 529-36.)

On March 31, 2010, state agency medical consultant, L.A. Woodard, D.O., reviewed

the medical record and provided a Case Analysis. (Tr. at 564.) Dr. Woodard stated that “a

review of voluminous med. records on file is w/out obj. evid. of a signif. back abnormality.”

(Tr. at 564.) Specifically, Dr. Woodard determined:

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MER does indicate clt in altercation Dec., 2006 and had stab wound to abd,

but was visceral injuries – no allega. of int. med/visceral impairments. In spite

of multiple doctors, chronic narcotic use, etc., only a few remote office visits

w/ only subj. complaints of tenderness, etc. – imaging is w/ very minimal abn.;

normal LS x-r’s in file, several LS MRI’s w/ very mild abn – no disc bulging,

spondylosis, etc.; at least 2 normal EMG’s, and as stated, numerous fully

normal P.E.’s by several different TP’s.

(Tr. at 564.) Dr. Woodard concluded that Plaintiff’s condition “is w/out evid. of severity

(non-severe) and clt should be able to perform all reasonable activities/maneuvers associated

w/ SGA.” (Tr. at 564.)

In his evaluation of the objective medical evidence, the ALJ first addressed Dr. Fina’s

medical assessment, noted above, and found that Dr. Fina’s conclusions were consistent with

the treatment record, objective findings, opinion evidence, and the medical evidence as a

whole. (Tr. at 22.) The ALJ gave “great weight” to Dr. Fina’s opinion. (Tr. at 22.)

Then, the ALJ discussed Dr. Woodard’s findings set forth in her Case Analysis. (Tr.

at 22.) The ALJ concluded the “rationale expressed by this consultant and the conclusions

reached [were] consistent with the treatment record, objective findings, opinion evidence and

the medical evidence as a whole.” (Tr. at 22.) The ALJ gave Dr. Woodard’s opinion “great

weight.” (Tr. at 22.)

After discussing and ultimately discounting Dr. Prieve’s opinion, the ALJ spent the

majority of his discussion of the objective medical evidence examining Dr. Merritt’s opinion.

(Tr. at 23.) The ALJ found, as follows:

Brock Merritt, D.O., one of the claimant’s treating physicians at 21st Century

Family Physicians, recommended “no work for the next year” in February

2010 (Exhibit 18F, p.18). However, this assertion is not corroborated by the

medical evidence of record and relies heavily on the claimant’s subjective

complaints. Numerous conclusions reported in the 21st Century Family

Physicians treatment notes are not supported by the objective evidence nor

diagnostic imaging specifically ordered by his office. August 2011 treatment

notes indicate the claimant “has had a couple of torn discs that are known and

degenerative disc disease” (Exhibit 23F, p.5). However, this is a subjective

complaint not corroborated by the record. No objective evidence or diagnostic

imaging demonstrates a “torn” disc at any level. August 2011 lumbar MRI

images demonstrated “minimal” facet arthrosis at L4-L5 and L5-S1, with “no

canal or foraminal compromise” (Exhibit 23F, p.11). October 2010 lumbar

MRI results demonstrated “mild” spondylosis with “no focal herniated nucleus

pulpous, canal stenosis or foraminal compromise” (Exhibit 23F, p.12). Dr.

Merritt’s treatment notes indicate “paperwork for disability” was completed,

with no evidence of a physical examination performed (Exhibit 23F, p.1).

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Moreover, these treatment notes indicate the claimant has “lower extremity

neuropathy as well” (Exhibit 23F). This too, is uncorroborated by the record.

As detailed above, diagnostic studies specifically found no evidence of

neuropathy (Exhibit 6F, p.9). Finally, these same notes indicate the claimant

does not use tobacco; when the claimant reports smoking “an average of one

pack a day since 1970” with no cessation (Exhibit 22F, p.6). These

inconsistencies serve to undermine the credibility of this proffered opinion

even further. Moreover, Dr. Merritt specifically recommended exercise as part

of the claimant’s treatment. The claimant reports going to the gym daily,

teaching children how to box, spending regular time with his family and

friends, drinking beer and socializing, attending movies, prepares meals, and

goes to the park. These activities are not consistent with this opinion

proffering the claimant’s inability to sustain competitive employment. This

opinion is this afforded no weight.

(Tr. at 23.)

The Court finds that the ALJ did not err in his assessment of Dr. Merritt’s opinion.

Not only did Dr. Merritt give a determination on the ultimate question of disability – which

said determination is reserved solely to the Commissioner – but the ALJ found that his

conclusions were based primarily on Plaintiff’s subjective complaints, and were

uncorroborated and inconsistent with the objective medical evidence of record. See 20

C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(1)-(3) (treating source opinions on whether a plaintiff is disabled are

reserved to the Commissioner and are not entitled to any special significance); McLeod v.

Astrue, 640 F.3d 881, 884 (9th Cir. 2011) (A treating physician’s opinion is “not binding on

an ALJ with respect to the existence of an impairment or the ultimate issue of disability.”);

Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1041 (9th Cir. 2008) (“An ALJ may reject a treating

physician’s opinion if it is based “to a large extent” on a claimant’s self-reports that have

been properly discounted as incredible.”); 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(4) (stating that an ALJ

must consider whether an opinion is consistent with the record as a whole); Batson, 359 F.3d

at 1195 (stating that an ALJ may discredit treating physicians’ opinions that are conclusory,

brief, and unsupported by the record as a whole, or by objective medical findings).

Accordingly, the ALJ provided several specific and legitimate reasons, based on substantial

evidence in the record, for discounting Dr. Merritt’s opinion.

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V. CONCLUSION

Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision to deny Plaintiff’s claim for

disability insurance benefits and supplemental security income in this case. The ALJ’s

finding that Plaintiff was not illiterate is supported by substantial evidence in the record; the

ALJ properly discredited Plaintiff’s credibility providing clear and convincing reasons

supported by substantial evidence; and the ALJ properly discounted the opinion of Dr. Prieve

and also provided specific and legitimate reasons, based on substantial evidence, for

discounting the opinion of Dr. Merritt. Consequently, the ALJ’s decision is affirmed.

Based upon the foregoing discussion,

IT IS ORDERED that the decision of the ALJ and the Commissioner of Social

Security be affirmed;

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court shall enter judgment

accordingly. The judgment will serve as the mandate of this Court.

DATED this 16th day of August, 2013.

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