Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ca8-09-03550/USCOURTS-ca8-09-03550-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 

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United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

___________

No. 09-3550

___________

Stephen A. Hodgson, *

*

Appellant, *

* Appeal from the United States

v. * District Court for the

* District of Minnesota.

Joan Fabian; David Crist; John *

King; Eddie Miles; Kathy * [UNPUBLISHED]

Halvorson; Regina Stepney; *

Greg Skrypek; David Reishus; *

Sheryl Vezner; Mary Perez; John *

Doe; Jane Doe, in their individual *

and official capacities, *

*

Appellees. *

___________

Submitted: June 2, 2010

Filed: June 7, 2010

___________

Before WOLLMAN, COLLOTON, and GRUENDER, Circuit Judges.

___________

PER CURIAM.

Appellate Case: 09-3550 Page: 1 Date Filed: 06/07/2010 Entry ID: 3671700
Minnesota inmate Stephen Hodgson appeals the district court’s1

 grant of

summary judgment for defendants in his action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and

the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA), 42 U.S.C.

§ 2000cc et seq., in which he alleged violations of his right to practice his Wiccan

religion. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

We agree with the district court that Hodgson did not establish that either his

inability to keep prayer oils in his cell or a delay in receiving his religious mail

substantially burdened his religion. See Patel v. U.S. Bureau of Prisons, 515 F.3d

807, 813-14 (8th Cir. 2008) (both First Amendment free-exercise claim and RLUIPA

claim require showing of substantial burden on ability to practice one’s religion); Van

Wyhe v. Reisch, 581 F.3d 639, 657 (8th Cir. 2009) (inmate must establish substantial

burden on religious exercise), cert denied, 78 U.S.L.W. 3500 (U.S. May 24, 2010)

(No. 09-953). Even if we assume that the prison’s policy limiting the herbs Hodgson

could purchase imposed a substantial burden, defendants provided evidence of

multiple safety and security concerns supporting the policy, and we agree with the

district court that defendants’ evidence showed that the policy is the least restrictive

means of furthering these compelling governmental interests. See Singson v. Norris,

553 F.3d 660, 662-63 (8th Cir. 2009) (“safety and security are compelling government

interests”); Fegans v. Norris, 537 F.3d 897, 903 (8th Cir. 2008) (in absence of

substantial evidence indicating officials have exaggerated response to prison security

considerations, courts should ordinarily defer to their expert judgment).

Assuming that the prison’s policy regarding smudging and incense burning

imposed a substantial burden, we find that the prison’s safety and security concerns

were sufficient to ban these activities indoors. See Singson, 553 F.3d at 662-63;

Fegans, 537 F.3d at 903. Because the record reflects that Hodgson had made only one

1

The Honorable Joan N. Ericksen, United States District Judge for the District

of Minnesota, adopting the report and recommendations of the Honorable Susan

Richard Nelson, United States Magistrate Judge for the District of Minnesota.

-2-

Appellate Case: 09-3550 Page: 2 Date Filed: 06/07/2010 Entry ID: 3671700
request to hold services outdoors, and the request was denied due to special

circumstances at the time, we find that he did not establish an equal protection

violation. See Patel, 515 F.3d at 815-16 (for equal protection claim, inmate must

show he is treated differently from similarly situated inmates based on suspect

classification, and prison’s decision was motivated by intentional discrimination).

We conclude that summary judgment was also proper on Hodgson’s claim that

defendants violated his First Amendment free-speech rights by delaying receipt of his

mail. To the extent Hodgson raised a facial challenge to the regulation banning

sexually explicit material, we have previously recognized a government interest in

similar regulations. See, e.g., Dawson v. Scurr, 986 F.2d 257, 261 (8th Cir. 1993)

(sexually explicit publication may be expected to circulate among prisoners with

potential for “coordinated disruptive conduct”). As to his claim that the regulations

were unconstitutional as applied, we note that Hodgson received all of the mail at

issue after using the prison’s appeal procedure, cf. Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 88-

89 (2006) (exhaustion gives agency opportunity to correct its own mistakes before

being haled into court); and although defendants acknowledge that one item was

initially improperly withheld, summary judgment is not defeated by “a random

misapplication of a reasonable regulation,” see Holloway v. Pigman, 884 F.2d 365,

367 (8th Cir. 1989). Further, Hodgson did not establish a due process violation based

on his inability to grieve mailroom decisions. See Buckley v. Barlow, 997 F.2d 494,

495 (8th Cir. 1993) (per curiam) (prison grievance procedures confer no substantive

rights).

Finally, we find no abuse of discretion in the district court’s denial of

Hodgson’s motion to take judicial notice of a finding by a state administrative agency. 

See Am. Prairie Const. Co. v. Hoich, 560 F.3d 780, 796-97 (8th Cir. 2009).

Accordingly, the judgment is affirmed.

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