Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-alsd-1_06-cv-00396/USCOURTS-alsd-1_06-cv-00396-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 350
Nature of Suit: Motor Vehicle Personal Injury
Cause of Action: 28:1332 Diversity-Tort/Motor Vehicle (P.I.)

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA

SOUTHERN DIVISION

ROBIN MARENO, )

 )

Plaintiff, )

 )

v. ) CIVIL ACTION 06-0396-WS-C

 )

WAL-MART STORES, INC., et al., )

 )

Defendants. )

ORDER 

 This matter is before the Court on the plaintiff’s motion to remand. (Doc. 4). The

plaintiff has filed a brief in support, (Doc. 5), the defendant has declined the opportunity to

respond, (Docs, 6, 8), and the motion is ripe for resolution. After carefully considering the

foregoing and other relevant materials in the file, the Court concludes that the motion is due to

be granted.

The plaintiff sued the defendants for injuries received in a motor vehicle accident. With

respect to damages, the complaint “demands judgment of the Defendants in an amount to be

determined by a jury in compensatory and punitive damages, plus interest and costs of court, not

to exceed the jurisdictional minimum for subject matter jurisdiction based upon diversity of

citizenship in the United States District Courts.” (Complaint at 3). That is, on its face the

complaint demands less than the $75,000.01 required to trigger federal jurisdiction.

“We conclude that because plaintiff asserts in her ad damnum clause a specific claim for

less than the jurisdictional amount, defendant, to establish removal jurisdiction, [i]s required to

prove to a legal certainty that plaintiff, if she prevailed, would not recover below $[75],000.” 

Burns v. Windsor Insurance Co., 31 F.3d 1092, 1097 (11th Cir. 1994). To remain in federal

court, the defendant must show that “an award below the jurisdictional amount would be outside

the range of permissible awards because the case is clearly worth more than $[75],000.” Id. at

1096. 

The defendants in their removal papers do not acknowledge, much less attempt to satisfy,

this daunting standard. They note that the plaintiff seeks punitive damages, (Doc. 1, ¶ 5), but so

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The defendants did not submit the request for admission, so the Court is unsure as to its

wording.

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did the plaintiff in Burns, 31 F.3d at 1093, yet the Court held the “legal certainty” test unmet. In

addition, the defendants note that the plaintiff lists future medical expenses as an element of

damages, (Doc. 1, ¶ 8), but the Burns Court held the plaintiff’s observation that she might in the

future seek additional compensatory or punitive damages inadequate to satisfy the “legal

certainty” test. 31 F.3d at 1094, 1097.

Finally, the defendants complain that, in response to a request for admission concerning

the amount in controversy,1

 the plaintiff responded, “The Plaintiff is without sufficient

information to admit or deny. Discovery is [on]going, the extent of Plaintiff’s damages has not

been determined.” (Doc. 5 at 2). This is difficult to distinguish in character from the statement

of the plaintiff in Burns that the amount of her claim might increase if her health worsened or if

discovery revealed facts supporting a greater claim for punitive damages, which the Eleventh

Circuit held inadequate to meet the defendant’s burden. 31 F.3d at 1094, 1097. 

The defendants do not argue that the plaintiff’s “noncommital” response to their request

for admission transforms the applicable standard from legal certainty to the preponderance-ofthe-evidence measure that governs complaints not specifying an amount in controversy. Nor

does such a result seem possible, given that the legal certainty test applies whenever the

complaint itself demands less than the jurisdictional amount, and given that the plaintiff’s

complaint does precisely that. 

At any rate, the defendants could not justify removal in this case even under the more

forgiving test of preponderance. “There are several reasons why a plaintiff would not so

stipulate [that his damages did not exceed $75,000], and a refusal to stipulate standing alone

does not satisfy [the defendant’s] burden of proof on the jurisdictional issue.” Williams v. Best

Buy Co., 269 F.3d 1316, 1320 (11th Cir. 2001). Nor does a complaint satisfy this burden simply

because it alleges past and future physical and mental injuries, medical expenses, lost wages, and

diminished earnings capacity and demands punitive damages. Id. at 1318, 1320. It was open to

the defendants to submit additional evidence as to the amount in controversy, but they chose not

to do so and, accordingly, necessarily have failed to carry their burden of establishing the

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By failing to oppose the plaintiff’s motion to remand, the defendants forfeited any

opportunity to obtain court-ordered discovery as to the amount in controversy. 

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propriety of removal.2 

“An order remanding the case may require payment of just costs and any actual expenses,

including attorney fees, incurred as a result of the removal.” 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c). “Absent

unusual circumstances, courts may award attorney’s fees under § 1447(c) only where the

removing party lacked an objectively reasonable basis for seeking removal.” Martin v. Franklin

Capital Corp., 126 S. Ct. 704, 711 (2005). This case would appear to be an appropriate one for

the award of such expenses and fees but, since the plaintiff did not request them, the Court will

not impose them.

For the reasons set forth above, the motion to remand is granted. This action is

remanded to the Circuit Court of Mobile County.

 DONE and ORDERED this 21st day of September, 2006.

s/ WILLIAM H. STEELE

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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