Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-2_08-cv-01737/USCOURTS-caed-2_08-cv-01737-12/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

JOHN WESLEY WILLIAMS, No. CIV S-08-1737-FCD-CMK-P

Plaintiff, 

vs. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

YOUNG,

Defendant.

 /

Plaintiff, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, brings this civil rights action pursuant

to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Pending before the court is plaintiff’s amended complaint (Doc. 53).

The court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief

against a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915A(a). The court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if it: (1) is frivolous or

malicious; (2) fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted; or (3) seeks monetary relief

from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). Moreover,

the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require that complaints contain a “. . . short and plain

statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). 

This means that claims must be stated simply, concisely, and directly. See McHenry v. Renne,

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The undersigned had recommended dismissal of the entire action. The District 1

Judge, however, granted plaintiff one more opportunity to file an amended complaint to state a

claim against defendant Young. 

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84 F.3d 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996) (referring to Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(e)(1)). These rules are satisfied

if the complaint gives the defendant fair notice of the plaintiff’s claim and the grounds upon

which it rests. See Kimes v. Stone, 84 F.3d 1121, 1129 (9th Cir. 1996). Because plaintiff must

allege with at least some degree of particularity overt acts by specific defendants which support

the claims, vague and conclusory allegations fail to satisfy this standard. Additionally, it is

impossible for the court to conduct the screening required by law when the allegations are vague

and conclusory. 

I. BACKGROUND

Pursuant to an order issued by the District Judge on April 1, 2010, this action

proceeds on plaintiff’s claim relating to disclosure of confidential information as against

defendant Young only. All other defendants have been dismissed and plaintiff was granted an

opportunity to file an amended complaint to add further detail to his claim against defendant

Young. Pending before the court is plaintiff’s amended complaint (Doc. 53). Despite all 1

defendants other than Young having been previously dismissed, plaintiff continues to name

numerous other defendants. Given the court’s orders limiting this case to plaintiff’s claim

against Young, no other defendants are properly before the court and plaintiff’s act of naming

them in the amended complaint does not revive his action as against them. This action proceeds

as against defendant Young only. 

With respect to defendant Young, plaintiff alleges that she is the litigation

coordinator and that she improperly disclosed confidential information from his prison file to an

outside attorney. Specifically, plaintiff asserts that, on August 22, 2005, attorney Cheryl Hsu

served the prison with a subpoena for all “non-privileged and non-confidential documents

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concerning Plaintiff.” According to plaintiff, his entire medical file, including mental health

treatment records, were produced. Plaintiff alleges that defendant Young “made unlawful

disclosure to attorney Cheryl Hsu.” Plaintiff claims that defendant Young did so in violation of

various state and federal regulations. Plaintiff claims that the “disclosure of Plaintiff’s private,

privileged, and confidential records were done in violation of all privacy laws and regulations

and without due process and equal protection under the law.”

II. DISCUSSION

As framed by plaintiff, this action seeks relief based on alleged violations of

plaintiff’s constitutional rights to equal protection and/or due process allegedly caused by

defendant Young’s disclosure of confidential information without his consent. 

A. Equal Protection

Equal protection claims arise when a charge is made that similarly situated

individuals are treated differently without a rational relationship to a legitimate state purpose. 

See San Antonio School District v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1 (1972). Prisoners are protected from

invidious discrimination based on race. See Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 556 (1974). 

Racial segregation is unconstitutional within prisons save for the necessities of prison security

and discipline. See Cruz v. Beto, 405 U.S. 319, 321 (1972) (per curiam). Prisoners are also

protected from intentional discrimination on the basis of their religion. See Freeman v. Arpaio,

125 F.3d 732, 737 (9th Cir. 1997). Equal protection claims are not necessarily limited to racial

and religious discrimination. See Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 686-67 (9th Cir.

2001) (applying minimal scrutiny to equal protection claim by a disabled plaintiff because the

disabled do not constitute a suspect class) see also Tatum v. Pliler, 2007 WL 1720165 (E.D. Cal.

2007) (applying minimal scrutiny to equal protection claim based on denial of in-cell meals

where no allegation of race-based discrimination was made); Hightower v. Schwarzenegger,

2007 WL 732555 (E.D. Cal. March 19, 2008). 

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In order to state a § 1983 claim based on a violation of the Equal Protection

Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, a plaintiff must allege that defendants acted with

intentional discrimination against plaintiff, or against a class of inmates which included plaintiff,

and that such conduct did not relate to a legitimate penological purpose. See Village of

Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562, 564 (2000) (holding that equal protection claims may be

brought by a “class of one”); Reese v. Jefferson Sch. Dist. No. 14J, 208 F.3d 736, 740 (9th Cir.

2000); Barren v. Harrington, 152 F.3d 1193, 1194 (9th Cir. 1998); Federal Deposit Ins. Corp. v.

Henderson, 940 F.2d 465, 471 (9th Cir. 1991); Lowe v. City of Monrovia, 775 F.2d 998, 1010

(9th Cir. 1985). 

In this case, plaintiff has not alleged that defendant Young intentionally

discriminated against him. In other words, he has not alleged that Young disclosed confidential

information for a discriminatory purpose. Rather, plaintiff’s claim appears to be based on his

belief that other individuals conspired with Young in a “code of silence” to cover up Young’s

alleged error in disclosing confidential information. The alleged error itself is not actionable

because plaintiff does not allege that information was disclosed for the purpose of discriminating

against plaintiff. Therefore, the court finds that plaintiff does state an equal protection claim

based on the alleged disclosure of confidential information. 

B. Due Process

The Due Process Clause protects prisoners from being deprived of life, liberty, or

property without due process of law. Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 556 (1974). In order to

state a claim of deprivation of due process, a plaintiff must allege the existence of a liberty or

property interest for which the protection is sought. See Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651, 672

(1977); Bd. of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 569 (1972). Due process protects against the

deprivation of property where there is a legitimate claim of entitlement to the property. See Bd.

of Regents, 408 U.S. at 577. Protected property interests are created, and their dimensions are

defined, by existing rules that stem from an independent source – such as state law – and which

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secure certain benefits and support claims of entitlement to those benefits. See id.

In this case, plaintiff cannot state a due process claim based on Young’s alleged

conduct. As discussed above, the heart of plaintiff’s claim is that Young erroneously and

improperly disclosed confidential information without his consent. In essence, plaintiff claims

that Young was negligent in disclosing the confidential information. Negligent conduct by a

prison official, however, is insufficient to state a due process claim. See Davidson v. Cannon,

474 U.S. 344, 347 (1986). 

III. CONCLUSION

Because it does not appear possible that the deficiencies identified herein can be

cured by amending the complaint, plaintiff is not entitled to leave to amend prior to dismissal of

the entire action. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126, 1131 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc). 

Based on the foregoing, the undersigned recommends that this action be

dismissed. 

These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District

Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within 20 days

after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written

objections with the court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge's

Findings and Recommendations.” Failure to file objections within the specified time may waive

the right to appeal. See Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991).

DATED: June 3, 2010

______________________________________

CRAIG M. KELLISON

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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