Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ared-3_19-cv-00081/USCOURTS-ared-3_19-cv-00081-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 863
Nature of Suit: Social Security - DIWC/DIWW (405(g))
Cause of Action: 42:405 Review of HHS Decision (DIWC)

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS

NORTHERN DIVISION

JANET SMITH PLAINTIFF

V. CASE NO. 3:19-CV-81-BD

ANDREW SAUL, Commissioner 

Social Security Administration1 DEFENDANT

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

I. Introduction:

Janet Smith applied for disability insurance benefits and supplemental security 

income, alleging disability beginning April 5, 2012. (Tr. at 13, 167-77) Ms. Smith’s 

claims were denied initially and upon reconsideration. (Tr. 99-105, 108-111) After 

conducting a hearing, an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) denied her applications. (Tr. at 

13-22, 27-50) Ms. Smith requested that the Appeals Council review the ALJ’s decision, 

but that request was denied. (Tr. at 1-6) Ms. Smith filed a case in this Court seeking 

judicial review. This Court reversed the Commissioner’s decision and remanded the case 

for further consideration. Smith v. Colvin, No. 3:15-CV-233-JTK (E.D. Ark. February 19, 

2016). (Tr. at 438-53) 

A second ALJ held a hearing on July 14, 2016. (Tr. 404-34) On September 16, 

2016, the ALJ again denied Ms. Smith’s applications. (Tr. 460-83) The Appeals Council 

 1 On June 6, 2019, the United States Senate confirmed Mr. Saul’s nomination to lead the 

Social Security Administration. Pursuant to FED. R. CIV. P. 25(d), Mr. Saul is 

automatically substituted as the Defendant.

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granted Ms. Smith’s request for review of the ALJ’s decision and remanded the case on 

January 3, 2018. (Tr. 484-87)

A third ALJ held a hearing on April 11, 2018 (Tr. 380-403) and issued a decision, 

again denying Ms. Smith’s applications for benefits. (Tr. 359-72) The Appeals Council 

denied Ms. Smith’s request for review, making the decision the final decision of the 

Commissioner. (Tr. 349-55) Ms. Smith filed this case seeking judicial review of the 

ALJ’s May 9, 2018 decision denying benefits. (Doc. No. 1)

II. The Commissioner’s Decision:

In his decision denying Ms. Smith’s applications for benefits, the ALJ found that 

Ms. Smith had not engaged in substantial gainful activity from her alleged onset date of 

April 5, 2012 through September 30, 2017, when she last met the insured status 

requirements. (Tr. at 361) At step two of the five-step analysis, the ALJ found that Ms. 

Smith had the following severe impairments: status-post left knee arthroscopy, 

depression, anxiety, mood disorder, borderline intellectual functioning, and obesity.2 (Tr. 

361) 

At step three, the ALJ found that Ms. Smith’s impairments did not meet or equal a 

listed impairment. He determined that Ms. Smith had the residual functional capacity 

(RFC) to perform light work, but was limited to occasional climbing, stooping, 

 2 Despite medical sources consistently diagnosing Ms. Smith with post-traumatic stress 

disorder (PTSD) and the first two ALJs finding in their opinions that Ms. Smith had the 

severe impairment of PTSD, the ALJ here did not find PTSD to be one of Ms. Smith’s 

severe impairments. (Tr. 15, 289, 465, 760, 833, 1010)

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crouching, kneeling, and crawling. He further found that, due to non-exertional

impairments, she was limited to unskilled/rote activity; she could understand, follow, and 

remember concrete instructions; and she would be limited to superficial contact, meeting 

and greeting the public, giving simple instructions, and directions. (Tr. 365-370)

The ALJ next found that Ms. Smith would be unable to perform any past relevant 

work. (Tr. at 370) Relying on the testimony of a Vocational Expert (VE), however, the 

ALJ found, based on Ms. Smith’s age, education, work experience and RFC, that she 

could perform work in the national economy as a machine operator and housekeeper. (Tr. 

at 370-71) Based on these findings, the ALJ concluded that Ms. Smith was not disabled. 

(Tr. at 371)

III. Discussion: 

A. Standard of Review

The Court’s role is to determine whether the Commissioner’s findings are 

supported by substantial evidence. Ash v. Colvin, 812 F.3d 686, 689 (8th Cir. 2016) 

(quoting McNamara v. Astrue, 590 F.3d 607, 610 (8th Cir. 2010)). “Substantial evidence” 

in this context means “enough that a reasonable mind would find it adequate to support 

the Commissioner’s conclusion.” Id. (quoting McKinney v. Apfel, 228 F.3d 860, 863 (8th 

Cir. 2000)). The Court must consider not only evidence that supports the Commissioner’s 

decision, but also evidence that supports a contrary outcome. Id. (quoting Carlson v. 

Astrue, 604 F.3d 589, 592 (8th Cir. 2010)). The Court cannot reverse the decision, 

however, “merely because substantial evidence exists for the opposite decision.” Lacroix 

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v. Barnhart, 465 F.3d 881, 885 (8th Cir. 2006) (quoting Johnson v. Chater, 87 F.3d 1015, 

1017 (8th Cir. 1996)).

B. Ms. Smith’s Argument on Appeal

Ms. Smith maintains that the ALJ’s decision to deny benefits is not supported by 

substantial evidence. Specifically, she argues that the ALJ: erred by finding that she 

could perform other work in the economy, because he did not give good reasons for 

discounting the opinions of her treating therapist; failed to include any limitations on 

concentration, persistence, or pace; and failed to follow the Court’s remand order to 

properly assess whether she was disabled under listing 12.05. (Doc. No. 13 at 21-28) 

After reviewing the record, the Court concludes that the ALJ erred in evaluating the 

opinions of Ms. Smith’s treating therapist when determining the effects that her mental 

impairments would have on her ability to work.

C. Relevant Facts

Ms. Smith was 53 years old at the time of her last hearing and was living with her 

mother. (Tr. at 384-85) She was able to drive to familiar places. (Tr. 387, 420) She had 

completed the tenth grade and had taken the General Educational Development exam, but 

she did not pass because of problems concentrating. (Tr. 387) At one time, she had 

obtained a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) license. (Tr. 387) She had past work as a 

CNA at a nursing home, but she left that job because of a mental breakdown. (Tr. 32-33, 

388-90, 395) She did not have any hobbies and did not attend social activities. (Tr. 420) 

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Ms. Smith had arthroscopic left knee surgery, which helped; but, she continued to 

have problems bending her knee. (Tr. 390-91) Because of her weight, she could not walk 

a long distance without becoming winded. (Tr. 392) She estimated that, because of her 

knee problems, she could walk for only about 10 or 15 minutes before resting. (Tr. 392, 

394) She did not take pain medication. (Tr. 393) 

As for her mental impairments, Ms. Smith testified that she regularly attended

therapy, but did not believe she would ever be cured. (Tr. 396) She stated that therapy 

and medication had helped, but she still had a “lot of depression days.” (Tr. 396, 416-17) 

Some periods of depression lasted up to 14 days. (Tr. 416)

She could clean house, do dishes, and sweep, but on days when she was depressed, 

she was not motivated to do anything. (Tr. 396) She could shop alone but had to go early 

in the morning because crowds gave her anxiety. (Tr. 397) She could not remember 

things she needed at the store and had to make lists. She was able to remember to take her 

medications. (Tr. 397-98) She experienced hallucinations from 2014 to 2016 (Tr. 421) 

and experienced flashbacks to a time when she was sexually abused as a child. (Tr. 422) 

On September 10, 2012, Dennis Vowell, Jr., Psy.D., performed a consultative 

psychological evaluation of Ms. Smith, including a WAIS-IV test to her. Her full-scale

IQ score was 70, falling in the “lower limits of the borderline range.” (Tr. 288-89) Dr. 

Vowell diagnosed PTSD, depressive disorder, and borderline intellectual functioning. 

(Tr. 289) Dr. Vowell opined that Ms. Smith would have difficulty coping with mild-tomoderate stress and that she “generally displayed mild to moderate impairments in her 

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ability to respond adequately to basic assessment of attention and concentration 

capacity.” (Tr. 289)

D. Opinion Evidence

Ms. Smith argues that the ALJ erred by failing to give proper weight to the 

opinion of her treating therapist, Erin Snodgrass, a licensed clinical social worker, who 

met with Ms. Smith routinely from September, 2015 to February 22, 2018. (Tr. 823-

1010)

The first reason the ALJ articulated for discounting Ms. Snodgrass’s opinion is 

that she is not “presently recognized as an acceptable medical source.” (Tr. 368) The 

parties agree that Ms. Smith’s claim was filed before March 27, 2017; therefore, Ms. 

Snodgrass is not an acceptable medical source for establishing the existence of a mental 

impairment. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1513, 404.1527, 416.927. The Commissioner’s regulations

provide, however, that after considering evidence from “acceptable medical sources” for 

purposes of establishing a medical impairment, the ALJ may rely on evidence from 

“other medical sources” when assessing the severity of a claimant’s impairments and in 

determining how the impairment affects a claimant’s ability to work. 20 C.F.R. 

§§ 404.1527 and 416.927 (“it may be appropriate to give more weight to the opinion of a 

medical source who is not an acceptable medical source if he or she has seen the 

individual more often than the treating source, has provided better supporting evidence 

and a better explanation for the opinion, and the opinion is more consistent with the 

evidence as a whole); see also Nowling v. Colvin, 813 F.3d 1110, 1123 (8th Cir. 2016)

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(when considering the weight to give other medical sources, the ALJ has discretion and is 

permitted to consider any inconsistencies found within the record.) (citing Raney v. 

Barnhart, 396 F.3d 1007, 1010 (8th Cir. 2005); Shantos v. Barnhart, 328 F.3d 418, 426-

27 (8th Cir. 2003) (when an ALJ is assessing the severity of an impairment, he or she 

should not ignore the opinions of other non-physician medical sources). 

Additionally, under recent administrative guidelines, Ms. Snodgrass would be 

deemed an acceptable “medical source.” See 20 C.F.R. 404.1502(d) (defining medical 

source as a healthcare worker who is certified by a state and is working within the scope 

of practice permitted under state or federal law); Aguiniga v. Colvin, 833 F.3d 896, 901 

(8th Cir. 2016); Social Security Ruling 06–03p (recognizing that licensed clinical social 

workers are handling more cases now than in previous years and that their opinions are 

“important and should be evaluated on key issues such as impairment severity and 

functional effects.”).

When determining Ms. Smith’s RFC, the ALJ gave great weight to the opinion of 

Dr. Vowell, who performed a consultative examination of Ms. Smith on September 10, 

2012, less than two months after Ms. Smith applied for DIB and SSI and over five years 

before the ALJ issued this latest opinion. Describing Ms. Smith’s thought process, Dr. 

Vowell noted that throughout the examination Ms. Smith displayed, “some difficulty 

with focusing on task at hand.” (Tr. 287) He stated that Ms. Smith presented as 

cognitively lethargic but fully oriented; and she displayed a depressed affect during most 

of the evaluation. (Tr. 287) After performing WAIS-IV testing, Dr. Vowell opined that 

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Ms. Smith’s full-scale IQ was 70; that is, in the “lower limits of the borderline range.” He 

considered the results valid.3 (Tr. 286) 

With respect to Ms. Smith’s ability to cope with typical mental/cognitive demands 

of basic work-like tasks, Dr. Vowell noted that, “in situations of mild to moderate stress it 

is likely [Ms. Smith] would have difficulty coping efficiently.” (Tr. 289) He concluded 

that, based on Ms. Smith’s ability to drive unfamiliar routes but with anxiety, perform 

household chores, and complete basic activities of daily living, her mental impairments 

did not interfere with her adaptive functioning. He also found that Ms. Smith was able to 

communicate in a socially adequate manner and to cope with the typical mental/cognitive 

demands of basic work-like tasks. Her mild-to-moderate stress, however, would make it 

difficult for her to cope and sustain concentration on basic tasks. Finally, he found that 

Ms. Smith could sustain persistence in completing tasks and had the capacity to perform 

within an acceptable timeframe. (Tr. 289-90) He assigned a global assessment of 

functioning (GAF) score of “50-60.” (Tr. 289)

Dr. Vowell’s opinion about Ms. Smith’s limitations is contradicted by other 

medical evidence in the record. In October of 2017, Miguel Casillas, M.D., increased Ms. 

Smith’s dosages of Zoloft and Depakote and assigned a GAF score of 50. (Tr. 323-24)

During an annual psychiatric evaluation in July, 2013, Dr. Casillas had noted that Ms. 

Smith’s anger issues were under control, but that she was still experiencing mood swings, 

 3 Ms. Smith’s subscores included a verbal comprehension index of 66, perceptual 

reasoning index of 73, working memory index of 83, and processing speed of 81. (Tr. 

288)

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panic attacks, and auditory/visual hallucinations. (Tr. 307-08) He assessed Ms. Smith’s 

judgment, comprehension, and insight to be “very limited” and estimated her IQ to be 

“dull normal to borderline.” (Tr. 306) He diagnosed bipolar II, panic disorder without 

agoraphobia, PTSD, and obesity. (Tr. 307) He assigned a GAF score of 40 and found her 

prognosis was “guarded.” (Tr. 307)

Dr. Casillas continued to treat Ms. Smith throughout 2014. He examined her 

monthly from June of 2014 until December of 2014; and March to June of 2015. (Tr. 

691-694, 706-23, 744-45, 760-62, 767-75) In June of 2015, Dr. Casillas diagnosed Ms. 

Smith with bipolar II (recurrent major depressive episodes with hypomania), panic 

disorder without agoraphobia, and PTSD. (Tr. 708) He assigned Ms. Smith a GAF score 

of 48, and he prescribed Alprazolam, Zoloft, and Trileptal. (Tr. 709-10)

In September of 2015, Families, Inc. performed an intake assessment of Ms. 

Smith. (Tr. 825) At that time, she reported being depressed and stated that she did not 

want to live. (Tr. 825) Ms. Smith requested to see therapist Erin Snodgrass. John Burnett, 

M.D., performed a psychological evaluation of Ms. Smith the same month. He noted that 

Ms. Smith’s symptoms indicated severe depressive disorder with history of hypomanic 

episodes. He opined that she met the criteria for PTSD due to sexual trauma. (Tr. 819) He 

assigned Ms. Smith a GAF score of 40 and prescribed Lamictal, Latuda, and Xanax. (Tr. 

818-21)

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Ms. Smith began psychotherapy with Erin Snodgrass in September of 2015 and 

continued that therapy until February of 2018. Ms. Smith sought therapy from Ms. 

Snodgrass 53 times during a 30-month time frame. 

In May, 2016, Ms. Snodgrass opined that Ms. Smith had marked limitation in her 

ability: to remember locations and work-like procedures; to make simple work-related 

decisions; to ask simple questions or request assistance; to respond appropriately to 

changes in the work setting; and to set realistic goals or make plans independently. (Tr. 

854-55) Ms. Snodgrass also found that Ms. Smith had marked-to-severe limitations in her 

ability to complete a normal workday and workweek without interruptions from 

psychologically based symptoms or to perform at a consistent pace without an 

unreasonable number and length of rest periods. (Tr. 855)

Finally, Ms. Snodgrass found that Ms. Smith had extreme limitations in her 

ability: to perform activities within a schedule, maintain regular attendance, or be 

punctual; extreme limitation in her ability to sustain an ordinary routine without special 

supervision; extreme limitation in her ability to work in coordination with or proximity to 

others without being distracted by them; and extreme limitation in her ability to travel in 

unfamiliar places or use public transportation. (Tr. 854-55) 

In a letter dated February 22, 2018, after counselling Ms. Smith for over two 

years, Ms. Snodgrass summarized her professional opinion as follows:

[Ms. Smith] would have a difficult time working for the following reasons: 

she has increased panic attacks around people outside of her home, low 

threshold for frustration and angry outbursts, and recurrent depressive 

episodes. These depressive episodes have been quite debilitating in the past 

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with symptoms including excessive sleep, loss of interest and motivation, 

feelings of hopelessness and suicidal ideation.

(Tr. 1010)

The ALJ discounted Ms. Snodgrass’s 2016 opinion because it “refers to the 

claimant’s 2012 issues and past symptoms and condition but does not reflect the 

claimant’s most recent issues that are handled with medication.” The ALJ also discounted 

Ms. Snodgrass’s opinions because they were “inconsistent with the treatment notes.” (Tr. 

369) 

The ALJ erred in discounting Ms. Snodgrass’s treating source statements, because 

her assessments were consistent with Ms. Smith’s testimony and her treatment records. 

The ALJ erred in discounting Ms. Snodgrass’s 2016 opinion because her 2018 treatment 

notes indicated that Ms. Smith’s mental health issues were “handled with medication.” 

(Tr. 369) 

In March of 2017, Ms. Smith’s treatment plan included continued treatment 

because of her anxiety and depression. (Tr. 939-42) In April of 2017, Dr. Burnett noted 

that Ms. Smith had a “slightly flat affect.” (Tr. 928) Ms. Smith reported that she had been 

anxious and had not been sleeping well; but, she declined modification of her 

medications. (Tr. 928-31) In June of 2017, Ms. Smith reported to Ms. Snodgrass that she 

was more stressed and depressed and had been isolating in her room. (Tr. 922-23) And 

later the same month, Ms. Smith reported increased depression and a lapse in self-care. 

(Tr. 920-21) 

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When Dr. Burnett saw Ms. Smith in July of 2017, he added Trazodone to her 

medication regimen and reduced her Xanax. (Tr. 916-19) In September of 2017, Ms. 

Smith reported increased depression and spending most of her time in her room. (Tr. 910-

11) In a treatment plan for Ms. Smith dated September 5, 2017, Ms. Snodgrass noted that

additional treatment was necessary to address Ms. Smith’s mood and anxiety. (Tr. 906-9)

During a medication management visit on September 11, 2017, Ms. Smith 

reported worsening depression and a lack of desire to do anything. Dr. Burnett prescribed 

Trazodone and increased her Latuda dosage. Ms. Smith again reported depression in 

November of 2017 (Tr. 889-92), and a treatment plan in December indicated a need for 

continued treatment to address mood and anxiety symptoms and a need to monitor Ms. 

Smith for suicidal ideation. (Tr. 879-82) When Ms. Smith sought counseling in February

of 2018, she reported increased depression and no desire to do anything. (Tr. 1004-05) 

Ms. Snodgrass’s opinion is consistent with treatment notes indicating that Ms. Smith 

continuously struggled with depression, anxiety, and bi-polar II disorder, despite being on 

medications, including Lamictal, Xanax, Zoloft and Latuda.

These treatment records support Ms. Snodgrass’s opinion set out in her February 

22, 2018 letter, i.e., that Ms. Smith was being treated for bipolar II disorder, PTSD, and 

panic disorder, and that she would have a “difficult time working” because of panic 

attacks around people outside of her home, her low threshold for frustration and angry 

outbursts, and her recurrent depressive episodes. (Tr. 1010) 

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The ALJ’s decision to reject Ms. Snodgrass’s opinion is not supported by 

substantial evidence because the record establishes that Ms. Smith was not “doing fine” 

on medication from 2017 to 2018. 

IV. Conclusion: 

The ALJ’s decision is not supported by substantial evidence on the record. The 

ALJ did not properly evaluate the evidence related to the effect Ms. Smith’s mental 

impairments had on her ability to work. The decision is hereby reversed, and the case 

remanded with instructions for further review consistent with this opinion. 

IT IS SO ORDERED, this 18th day of March, 2020.

___________________________________

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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