Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_14-cv-00357/USCOURTS-casd-3_14-cv-00357-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 370
Nature of Suit: Other Fraud
Cause of Action: 28:1332 Diversity-Fraud

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

MICHAEL BOMBERGER,

Plaintiff,

CASE NO. 14cv357-LAB (RBB)

ORDER OF REMAND

vs.

THEO HANSON, et al.,

Defendant.

Defendant Theo Hanson, proceeding pro se, removed this case from the Superior

Court of California for the County of San Diego, citing diversity jurisdiction. The claims arise

from state law only.

The notice of removal alleges that Bomberger is a California citizen, that Hanson was

a California citizen at the time the complaint was filed but has since become an Illinois

citizen, and that the other Defendant, Heartland Coalition, Inc., is a California corporation. 

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Heartland has appeared as a party in state court but did not join in the notice of removal, in

violation of 28 U.S.C.A. § 1446(b)(2)(A). But that is not the most serious problem.

The pleadings establish conclusively that the parties are not diverse. Although

Hanson alleges he is an Illinois citizen for purposes of diversity jurisdiction, this legal

The caption indicates that Heartland is a Cross-plaintiff and Bomberger a Cross- 1

defendant. Tnotice of removal alleges that Heartland also filed a cross-complaint against

Hanson, but never served it on Hanson. The cross-complaint is not attached to the notice.

But it is clear Heartland has appeared and is actively litigating.

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Case 3:14-cv-00357-LAB-RBB Document 4 Filed 02/20/14 Page 1 of 2
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conclusion is unwarranted, because citizenship for diversity purposes is determined as of

the date the case is filed in state court. See Grupo Dataflux v. Atlas Global Group, L.P., 541

U.S. 567, 569–71 (2004) (noting long-standing rule that, for purposes of diversity jurisdiction,

citizenship is determined as of the time of filing). See also Fed’l Ins. Co. v. Brasscraft Mfg.

Co., 2014 WL 545786, *3 n.14 (C.D.Cal., Feb. 10, 2014) (diversity jurisdiction in removed

case was determined with regard to plaintiff’s citizenship at the time the suit was filed in state

court). Because Hanson was a California citizen at the time the suit was filed, he is not

diverse from the other California parties.

But more than this, because Heartland is a California corporation, it is a California

citizen for purposes of diversity jurisdiction. See 28 U.S.C. § 1332(c)(1) (providing that a

corporation is a citizenship of the states in which it is incorporated and has its principal place

of business). Because Heartland and Bomberger are both California citizens, complete

diversity is lacking. See Lincoln Property Co. v. Roche, 546 U.S. 81, 89 (2005) (holding that

diversity jurisdiction requires complete diversity between all plaintiffs and all defendants).

Because jurisdiction is lacking, this action is REMANDED to the Superior Court of

California for the County of San Diego.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: February 20, 2014

HONORABLE LARRY ALAN BURNS

United States District Judge

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Case 3:14-cv-00357-LAB-RBB Document 4 Filed 02/20/14 Page 2 of 2