Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_05-cv-01247/USCOURTS-caed-1_05-cv-01247-7/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

---

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

CARLOS HENDON,

Plaintiff,

v.

BAROYA, et al.,

Defendants.

 /

1:05-cv-01247-AWI-GSA-PC 

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS,

RECOMMENDING THAT DEFENDANTS’

MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO

EXHAUST BE DENIED

(Doc. 42.)

OBJECTIONS, IF ANY, DUE IN THIRTY

DAYS 

I. BACKGROUND 

Plaintiff Carlos Hendon (“Plaintiff”) is a state prisoner proceeding pro se in this civil rights

action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff filed the complaint commencing this action on

November 30, 2005. (Doc. 1.) This action now proceeds on Plaintiff's Second Amended Complaint

filed on June 26, 2008, against defendants Baroya, Pham, Hamilton, Nguyet, Hoppe, Griffin, and

Reidman for subjecting him to cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. 

(Doc. 18.) On November 24, 2009, defendants Baroya, Riedman, Nguyet, Griffin and Pham

(“Defendants”) filed a motion to dismiss this action based on Plaintiff’s failure to exhaust

administrative remedies. (Doc. 42.) On December 22, 2009, Plaintiff filed an opposition to the 1

Defendants Hamilton and Hoppe have not been served with process in this action. The United States

1

Marshal filed Returns of Service unexecuted as to defendants Hamilton and Hoppe on June 25, 2009 and October

26, 2009, respectively. (Docs. 29, 38.) Defendants Hamilton and Hoppe have not joined in the instant motion to

1

Case 1:05-cv-01247-SAB Document 45 Filed 07/23/10 Page 1 of 6
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

motion. (Doc. 43.) On December 28, 2009, Defendants filed a reply to Plaintiff's opposition. (Doc.

44.) Defendants’ motion to dismiss is now before the Court. 

II. STATUTORY EXHAUSTION REQUIREMENT

Pursuant to the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PLRA”), “[n]o action shall be

brought with respect to prison conditions under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal law, by a

prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative remedies

as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Prisoners must complete the prison’s

administrative process, regardless of the relief sought by the prisoner and regardless of the relief

offered by the process, as long as the administrative process can provide some sort of relief on the

complaint stated. Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 741 (2001). “Proper exhaustion[, which]

demands compliance with an agency’s deadlines and other critical procedural rules . . . .” is required,

Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 90 (2006), and may not be satisfied “by filing an untimely or

otherwise procedurally defective . . . appeal.” Id. at 83-84.

 The PLRA requires a prisoner to exhaust “such administrative remedies as are available”

before suing over prison conditions. 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). The Booth court held that the PLRA

requires administrative exhaustion even where the grievance process does not permit award of

money damages and prisoner seeks only money damages, as long as the grievance tribunal has

authority to take some responsive action. Booth, 532 U.S. at 732. “The meaning of the phrase

‘administrative remedies ... available’ is the crux of the case.” Id. at 731. In discussing the meaning

of the term “remedy,” the court noted that “depending on where one looks, ‘remedy’ can mean either

specific relief obtainable at the end of a process of seeking redress, or the process itself, the

procedural avenue leading to some relief.” Id. at 738. (emphasis added.) Thus, the court determined

that the language of the statute, which requires that the “available” “remed[y]” must be “exhausted”

before a complaint under § 1983 may be entertained, refers to “exhaustion” of the process available.

Id. at 738-739. (emphasis added.) It follows, then, that if an inmate exhausts the process that is

made available to him, he has satisfied the requirement of the statute.

///

dismiss or otherwise appeared in this action.

2

Case 1:05-cv-01247-SAB Document 45 Filed 07/23/10 Page 2 of 6
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Section 1997e(a) does not impose a pleading requirement, but rather, is an affirmative

defense under which defendants have the burden of raising and proving the absence of exhaustion. 

42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a); Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 215-16 (2007); Wyatt v. Terhune, 315 F.3d

1108, 1119 (9th Cir. 2003). The failure to exhaust nonjudicial administrative remedies that are not

jurisdictional is subject to an unenumerated Rule 12(b) motion, rather than a summary judgment

motion. Id. at 1119 (citing Ritza v. Int’l Longshoremen’s & Warehousemen’s Union, 837 F.2d 365,

368 (9th Cir. 1998) (per curium)). In deciding a motion to dismiss for failure to exhaust

administrative remedies, the Court maylook beyond the pleadings and decide disputed issues of fact. 

Wyatt, 315 F.3d at 1119-20. If the Court concludes that the prisoner has failed to exhaust

administrative remedies, the proper remedy is dismissal without prejudice. Id. 

III. SUMMARY OF THE SECOND AMENDED COMPLAINT

Plaintiff is presently a state prisoner incarcerated at the California State Prison Sacramento

in Represa, California. The events at issue allegedly occurred at the California Correctional

Institution (“CCI”) in Tehachapi, California, when Plaintiff was incarcerated there. Plaintiff names

as defendants I. Baroya (psychiatrist), and physicians Pham, Hamilton, Nguyet, Hoppe, Griffin, and

Reidman. Plaintiff alleges that between the dates of June 6, 2002 and January 22, 2003, he was

almost always housed in a suicide watch cell in unsanitary conditions, left nearly unclothed, with no

bedding or hygienic supplies, in below-normal temperatures. Plaintiff claims that Defendants either

authorized, approved of, or knowingly acquiesced in the denial of humane living conditions to

Plaintiff, causing him to suffer pain and body chills. Plaintiff seeks monetary damages as relief.

IV. MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO EXHAUST

The Court takes judicial notice of the fact that the California Department of Corrections and

Rehabilitation (“CDCR”) has an administrative grievance system for prisoner complaints. Cal.Code

Regs., tit. 15 § 3084.1 (2007). The process is initiated by submitting a CDC Form 602. Id. at §

3084.2(a). Appeals must be submitted within fifteen working days of the event being appealed, and

the process is initiated by submission of the appeal to the informal level, or in some circumstances,

the first formal level. Id. at §§ 3084.5, 3084.6(c). Four levels of appeal are involved, including the

informal level, first formal level, second formal level, and third formal level, also known as the

3

Case 1:05-cv-01247-SAB Document 45 Filed 07/23/10 Page 3 of 6
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

“Director’s Level.” Id. at § 3084.5. In order to satisfy § 1997e(a), California state prisoners are

required to use this process to exhaust their claims prior to filing suit. Woodford, 548 U.S. at 85;

McKinney v. Carey, 311 F.3d. 1198, 1199-1201 (9th Cir. 2002).

Defendants’ Motion

Defendants argue that this action should be dismissed, without prejudice, because Plaintiff

failed to exhaust the CDCR’s administrative appeals process regarding his claims against the

defendants to this action. Defendants submit evidence that between June 6, 2002 and January 22,

2003, the Appeals Coordinator at CCI did not receive any appeals at the first and second levels of

review concerning Plaintiff’s claims alleged in his complaint. (Snider Decl. ¶5.) Defendants also

submit evidence that the Inmate Appeals Branch, which processes inmate appeals at the third and

final level of review, with the exception of medical appeals, has no record of any appeal by Plaintiff

accepted for review and exhausted at that level between June 6, 2002, the date when Defendants’

alleged wrongful acts began, and June 26, 2008, the date Plaintiff filed his Second Amended

Complaint, regardingPlaintiff’s conditions-of-confinement allegations against Defendants. (Grannis

Decl. ¶5.)

Plaintiff’s Opposition

In opposition, Plaintiff declares that on October 4, 2002, he filed a grievance concerning the

allegations giving rise to this action, and as of November 15, 2002, he had not received a response. 

(Plaintiff Decl. ¶2.) Plaintiff argues that he has exhausted his remedies because under the CDCR’s

grievance procedures, requests for first-level review must be responded to within thirty working

days, and he did not receive a response within thirty working days. Id. In the Second Amended

Complaint, Plaintiff asserts that the appeals process was completed, because he repeatedlyattempted

to appeal the issues raised in this lawsuit, and his appeals were repeatedly ignored. (2d Am Cmp 2

at 2 ¶II.C.) 

///

In deciding a motion to dismiss for failure to exhaust administrative remedies, the Court may look beyond

2

the pleadings and decide disputed issues of fact. Wyatt, 315 F.3d at 1119-20. Plaintiff signed the Second Amended

Complaint under penalty of perjury. Therefore, Plaintiff’s opposition to the motion to dismiss is based in part on the

evidence in his verified Second Amended Complaint.

4

Case 1:05-cv-01247-SAB Document 45 Filed 07/23/10 Page 4 of 6
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Defendants’ Reply

Defendants reply that Plaintiff has not presented any evidence other than his own assertion

that his attempt to comply with the prison’s administrative grievance procedure was thwarted by the

prison’s failure to respond to his grievance within thirty working days, as required byTitle 15 of the

California Code of Regulations. Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s assertion should be disregarded

bytheCourt because it is contradicted bythe credible, admissible evidence submitted byDefendants,

and Plaintiff has not submitted any documentary evidence supporting his assertion. 

Discussion

The Court finds that Defendants have not adequately supported their argument that Plaintiff

failed to exhaust the remedies available to him. Defendants' evidence is not sufficient to show that

the Appeals Coordinator at CCI did not receive any timely appeal from Plaintiff concerning the

allegations in the complaint. B. Snider, litigation coordinator at CCI, declares that he or she

“reviewed each appeal from the appeals tracking system log between June 6, 2002 through January

22, 2003,”and “[N]one of the appeals filed during this time frame reference Plaintiff’s issues in his

complaint.” (Snider Decl. ¶5.) However, Snider's search was not extensive enough to rule out any

timely appeal filed by Plaintiff. Under the CDCR’s administrative appeals process, appeals must

be submitted within fifteen working days of the event being appealed. Cal.Code Regs., tit. 15 §

3084.2(a). Plaintiff alleges in the Second Amended Complaint that he was subjected to

unconstitutional conditions between the dates of June 6, 2002 and January 22, 2003. Therefore,

Snider's search of the record for timelyappeals should have included appeals filed byPlaintiff during

the fifteen working days after January 22, 2003. Snider also failed to search the record for appeals

filed up until November 30, 2005, when the complaint was filed, to ascertain whether Plaintiff filed

suit before exhausting his remedies. Moreover, it is not clear from Snider's declaration whether

actual copies of Plaintiff's appeals were examined, or whether Snider merely examined the tracking

system log, to determine whether an appeal concerned the allegations in the complaint. More

evidence is needed to prove that Plaintiff failed to properly utilize the first and second levels of

review.

///

5

Case 1:05-cv-01247-SAB Document 45 Filed 07/23/10 Page 5 of 6
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Defendants'remaining evidence, a declaration and documentaryevidence demonstrating that

Plaintiff did not exhaust any relevant appeals at the Director's Level before filing suit, is not

sufficient in itself to prove that Plaintiff failed to exhaust his remedies. (Grannis Decl. ¶5.) A

Director’s Level response is not necessary to satisfy the exhaustion requirement, and the mere

absence of a Director’s Level response does not entitle Defendants to dismissal. Brown v. Valoff,

422 F.3d 926, 935-36 (9th Cir. 2005) (“[A] prisoner need not press on to exhaust further levels of

review once he has either received all ‘available’ remedies at an intermediate level or has been

reliably informed by an administrator that no remedies are available.”). Defendants have not

presented sufficient evidence to support their argument that Plaintiff failed to exhaust the remedies

available to him. Therefore, Defendants’ motion to dismiss should be denied.

V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Defendants have not met their burden of demonstrating that Plaintiff failed to exhaust his

administrative remedies prior to filing suit, in compliance with § 1997e(a). Defendants have not

shown an absence in the official records of any evidence that Plaintiff filed an inmate appeal

pursuant to Title 15 of the California Code of Regulations § 3084.1, et seq., concerning Plaintiff’s

allegations in the complaint against the defendants in this action. Therefore, the Court HEREBY

RECOMMENDS that Defendants’ motion to dismiss, filed November 24, 2009, be DENIED. 

These Findings and Recommendations will be submitted to the United States District Court

Judge assigned to this action pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636 (b)(1). Within thirty (30)

days after being served with a copy of these Findings and Recommendations, any party may file

written objections with the Court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be

captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” The parties are

advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the

order of the District Court. Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991).

IT IS SO ORDERED. 

Dated: July 23, 2010 /s/ Gary S. Austin 

6i0kij UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

6

Case 1:05-cv-01247-SAB Document 45 Filed 07/23/10 Page 6 of 6