Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_08-cv-00652/USCOURTS-casd-3_08-cv-00652-2/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 530
Nature of Suit: Prisoner Petitions - Habeas Corpus
Cause of Action: 28:2254 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (State)

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1 08-0652 L

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

JOSEPH HILTON MCDONALD, Petitioner,

v.

E. B. HAAWS, Warden, 

Respondent.

CASE NO. 08cv652 L (PCL)

ORDER: 

GRANTING PETITIONER’S

MOTION TO STAY THE

PROCEEDINGS AND HOLD

PETITION IN ABEYANCE (Doc.

6);

DENYING MOTION TO

APPOINT GUARDIAN AD

LITEM (Doc. 8).

INTRODUCTION

On April 1, 2008, Petitioner Joseph Hilton McDonald (“Petitioner”), a state prisoner proceeding

pro se, filed a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (“Petition”). (Doc. 1.)

On April 17, 2008, the Court dismissed the Petition without prejudice for failure to allege exhaustion of

state judicial remedies and for failure to use the proper petition form. (Doc. 3.) On May 19, 2008,

Petitioner filed a First Amended Petition for the Writ of Habeas Corpus (“FAP”). (Doc. 4.) On that same

day, Petitioner also filed a Motion to Hold Federal Habeas Petition in Abeyance (“Motion to Stay and

Abey”) and a Motion to Appoint Guardian ad Litem (“Motion for Guardian ad Litem”). (Docs. 6 and 8,

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respectively.) On August 14, 2008, Respondent filed a response in opposition to Petitioner’s Motions.

(Doc. 11.) On August 28, 2008, Petitioner filed a reply to Respondent’s opposition. (Doc. 12.) For the

reasons set forth below, the Court GRANTS Petitioner’s Motion to Stay and Abey and DENIES

Petitioner’s Motion for Guardian ad Litem. 

BACKGROUND

Petitioner was convicted of three counts of first degree burglary (Cal. Pen. Code, §§ 459, 460);

attempted first degree burglary (§§ 459, 460, 664); petty theft with a prior (§§ 484, 666); possession of

stolen property (§ 496(a)); and possession of a firearm by a felon (§12021(a)(1)). (Doc. 1-3, at 26.)

Petitioner filed a direct appeal to the California Court of Appeal, arguing that reversal was required

because the photographic lineup used to identify him was impermissibly suggestive; the court erred in

admitting impeachment evidence; ineffective assistance of counsel in failing to object to the

impeachment evidence; an enhancement should have been stricken; and the abstract of judgment needs

to be corrected. (Id. at 27.) The state appellate court found merit in the last two contentions but

otherwise affirmed the judgment. (Id.) Petitioner then filed a Petition for Review in the California

Supreme Court, which was summarily denied on March 28, 2007. (Doc. 1-3, at 49.) The judgment

became final on June 27, 2007, and AEDPA’s one-year statute of limitations expired on June 27, 2008.

Petitioner filed the Petition together with a request to proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) in the

United States District Court for the Central District of California on April 1, 2008. (Doc. 1.) Thereafter,

the case was transferred to the United States District Court for the Southern District of California on

April 9, 2008. In his Petition, Petitioner presented ten grounds for judicial review. This Court denied the

IFP motion and dismissed the Petition with leave to amend. (Doc. 3.) On May 19, 2008, Petitioner filed

his FAP, presenting two grounds for federal relief: 1) that the trial court erred in allowing an

impermissibly suggestive lineup photograph used to identify the Petitioner; and 2) that the trial court

erred in allowing use of letters to impeach his witness in violation of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83

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1 Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, codified at 28 U.S.C. § 2244.

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(1963), and Evidence Code section 352. (Doc. 4, at 6-7.) Petitioner filed an IFP, which was granted by

this Court on May 21, 2008. (Doc. 7.) 

DISCUSSION

Petitioner seeks an order for Motion to stay the proceedings and hold the FAP, which includes

two exhausted claims, in abeyance, while he exhausts his state court remedies for the rest of his claims

presented in his original Petition. Petitioner also seeks an order granting his request for a competency

hearing and appointment of a Guardian ad Litem. Respondent argues that the Court should deny

Petitioner’s Motion to Stay and Abey because Petitioner presents a mixed petition and has not made a

showing of good cause for failure to exhaust all his claims. (Doc. 11, at 2.) Additionally, Respondent

alleges that Petitioner’s claims are without merit, and the court should deny the stay of the proceedings

accordingly. (Id.) Respondent also contends that the Petitioner has not offered sufficient evidence to

warrant a competency hearing and that the court should deny Petitioner’s Motion for Guardian ad

Litem. (Id. at 2-3.) 

A. Motion to Stay and Abey 

A petitioner must exhaust available state court remedies before a federal court can adjudicate a

habeas petition brought pursuant to § 2254. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b); Ex parte Hawk, 321 U.S. 114, 117

(1944). The Supreme Court has found that a “mixed petition,” or a petition that included both exhausted

and unexhausted claims, is subject to dismissal. See Rose v. Lundy, 455 U.S. 509, 510 (1982). With

regard to a fully-exhausted petition, the Ninth Circuit has found that a district court has the authority to

issue a stay and abeyance to allow the petitioner to exhaust other unlisted claims in state court. See

Calderon v. United Dist. Court, 134 F.3d 981, 988 (9th Cir. 1988). A stay is “particularly appropriate

when an outright dismissal will render it unlikely or impossible for the petitioner to return to federal

court within the one-year limitation period imposed by [AEDPA]1.” Jackson v. Roe, 425 F.3d 654, 659

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(9th Cir. 2005) (quoting Kelly v. Small, 315 F.3d 1063, 1070 (9th Cir. 2003)). Although district courts are

given broad discretion to grant a stay when dealing with fully exhausted petitions, the Ninth Circuit has

indicated that the exercise of such discretion is still subject to certain limits. For example, in Calderon,

the Ninth Circuit determined that a district court could not indefinitely stay proceedings pending

exhaustion in state court or “hold in abeyance the application of a petitioner who merely sought to stall

the habeas [proceedings].” Calderon, 134 F.3d at 988 n.11. 

Here, Petitioner’s FAP is clearly a fully exhausted petition, with the two presented claims having

been presented to and ruled on by the state appellate court and the California Supreme Court. (Doc. 1-3,

at 26-47.) The Court thus has broad discretion to grant a stay of the proceedings. A denial of a stay

ultimately may prohibit Petitioner from bringing some of his unlisted claims in a federal habeas petition.

As the Ninth Circuit intimated in Jackson, a stay is clearly appropriate “when valid claims would

otherwise be forfeited.” Jackson, 425 F.3d at 659 (quoting Kelly, 315 F.3d at 1070). It is clear that

Petitioner’s unexhausted claims brought forth in his original petition arises from the same operative

facts as presented in his FAP. (See Doc. 1.) Furthermore, Petitioner has already filed a habeas petition

for review of his unlisted, unexhausted claims, which are pending before the California Supreme Court.

(Doc. 6, at 17.) Thus, in the interests of efficiency and avoiding piece-meal litigation, this Court is best

served by staying the proceedings and holding in abeyance the exhausted claims in his FAP and

allowing Petitioner to return to federal court and seek leave to amend to add on the additional claims

once exhausted. 

The Court GRANTS Petitioner’s motion for a stay and abeyance and ORDERS the Petition for

Writ of Habeas Corpus stayed until 30 days following entry of final judgment by the California

Supreme Court.

B. Motion for Guardian ad Litem 

Petitioner requests that a Guardian ad Litem be appointed “should the court deny [the] motion to

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stay and abey[].” (Doc. 6, 1.) Pursuant to the Court’s order staying Petitioner’s FAP, this Court finds

that the Guardian ad Litem issue is not ripe for adjudication. This Court’s decision on Petitioner’s

Motion for Guardian ad Litem is contingent on Petitioner’s return before this Court upon exhaustion of

his state remedies – a contingency that is highly likely, but not for the Court to presume. The Supreme

Court has held that a “claim is not ripe for adjudication if it rests upon ‘contingent future events that

may not occur anticipated, or indeed may not occur at all.’” Tex. v. United States, 523 U.S. 296, 300

(1998) (quoting Thomas v. Union Carbide Agric. Prod. Co., 473 U.S. 568, 580-81 (1985)). Hence,

because Petitioner’s claims are held in abeyance pending exhaustion of additional claims, a decision as

to a Guardian ad Litem is not appropriate at this time. Therefore, this Court denies Petitioner’s Motion

for Guardian ad Litem. 

CONCLUSION

The Court GRANTS Petitioner’s Motion for a stay of the proceedings and holds in abeyance

Petitioner’s FAP. The Court ORDERS the Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus stayed until 30 days

following entry of final judgment by the California Supreme Court. The Court also DENIES Petitioner’s

Motion for Guardian ad Litem.

IT IS SO ORDERED. 

DATED: December 1, 2008

Peter C. Lewis

U.S. Magistrate Judge

United States District Court

cc: Judge Lorenz; all parties

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