Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_09-cv-02623/USCOURTS-casd-3_09-cv-02623-1/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

SHAUNCY BOWEN, CDCR #J-53971,

Plaintiff,

CASE NO. 09CV2623 JLS (JMA)

ORDER (1) ADOPTING IN PART

AND DECLINING TO ADOPT IN

PART REPORT AND

RECOMMENDATION; 

(2) GRANTING DEFENDANT

JANDA’S MOTION TO DISMISS;

(4) DISMISSING DEFENDANT

JOHN DOE; AND (5) DIRECTING

U.S. MARSHAL TO REATTEMPT

SERVICE ON DEFENDANT

SANCHEZ

(ECF Nos. 18, 19)

vs.

G.J. JANDA; SANCHEZ, Correctional

Officer,

Defendant.

Presently before the Court is Magistrate Judge Jan M. Adler’s report and recommendation

(“R&R”) advising the Court to grant Defendant G.J. Janda’s (“Defendant” or “Janda”) motion to

dismiss without prejudice and to dismiss Defendants Sanchez and John Doe pursuant to Federal Rule

of Civil Procedure 4(m). (R&R, ECF No. 19) Also before the Court are Plaintiff Shauncy Bowen’s

(“Plaintiff” or “Bowen”) objections to the R&R. (Obj., ECF No. 21) 

BACKGROUND

Plaintiff, an inmate at Calipatria State Prison, alleges that on January 6, 2009, while he was

being escorted in mechanical restraints to the program office, correctional officer Sanchez struck

Plaintiff in the back of his head with his fist. (FAC 3, ECF No. 7) Sergeant Silva and another

officer witnessed the assault, and inquired whether Plaintiff wished to press charges. (Id.) 

Plaintiff did want to press charges, and was thereafter escorted to the program office where a video

and written statement were taken. (Id.)

Case 3:09-cv-02623-JLS-JMA Document 22 Filed 01/04/12 Page 1 of 7
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Plaintiff filed his original complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 on November 18, 2009. 

(Compl., ECF No. 1) He thereafter amended his complaint, naming an additional defendant. 

(FAC, ECF No. 7) The Court dismissed Plaintiff’s complaint without prejudice on January 10,

2011, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m). (Order, ECF No. 12) Subsequently, the

Court granted Plaintiff’s application for relief from the Court’s Order dismissing the case, and

directed the Clerk to issue a summons as to Plaintiff’s FAC and forward to Plaintiff a blank U.S.

Marshal Form 285 for each Defendant. (Order, ECF No. 14)

On May 24, 2011, a summons was returned unexecuted as to Defendant Sanchez. (ECF

No. 16) Defendant Janda’s waiver of service was executed on May 31, 2011. (ECF No. 17) 

Thereafter, Defendant Janda filed the instant motion to dismiss. (Mot. to Dismiss, ECF No. 18) 

Plaintiff did not file an opposition. Magistrate Judge Adler issued the R&R on August 26, 2011,

and Plaintiff’s objections were filed nunc pro tunc September 30, 2011. (Obj., ECF No. 21)

LEGAL STANDARD

Rule 72(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) set forth a

district court’s duties regarding a magistrate judge’s R&R. The district court “shall make a de

novo determination of those portions of the report . . . to which objection is made,” and “may

accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the findings or recommendations made by the

magistrate judge.” 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(c); see also United States v. Raddatz, 447 U.S. 667,

673–76 (1980). However, in the absence of a timely objection, “the Court need only satisfy itself

that there is no clear error on the face of the record in order to accept the recommendation.” Fed.

R. Civ. P. 72 advisory committee’s note (citing Campbell v. U.S. Dist. Ct., 501 F.2d 196, 206 (9th

Cir. 1974)).

MOTION TO DISMISS

1. Legal Standard

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) permits a party to raise by motion the defense that

the complaint “fail[s] to state a claim upon which relief can be granted,” generally referred to as a

motion to dismiss. The Court evaluates whether a complaint states a cognizable legal theory and

sufficient facts in light of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a), which requires a “short and plain

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statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Although Rule 8 “does not

require ‘detailed factual allegations,’ . . . it [does] demand[] more than an unadorned, thedefendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, — US — , 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949

(2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). In other words, “a

plaintiff’s obligation to provide the ‘grounds’ of his ‘entitle[ment] to relief’ requires more than

labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do.” 

Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555 (citing Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 286 (1986)). “Nor does a

complaint suffice if it tenders ‘naked assertion[s]’ devoid of ‘further factual enhancement.’” Iqbal,

129 S. Ct. at 1949 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557).

“To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter,

accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Id. (quoting Twombly,

550 U.S. at 570); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). A claim is facially plausible when the facts

pled “allow[] the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the

misconduct alleged.” Id. (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). That is not to say that the claim must

be probable, but there must be “more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted

unlawfully.” Id. Facts “‘merely consistent with’ a defendant’s liability” fall short of a plausible

entitlement to relief. Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557). Further, the Court need not accept

as true “legal conclusions” contained in the complaint. Id. This review requires context-specific

analysis involving the Court’s “judicial experience and common sense.” Id. at 1950 (citation

omitted). “[W]here the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere

possibility of misconduct, the complaint has alleged—but it has not ‘show[n]’—‘that the pleader is

entitled to relief.’” Id. Moreover, “for a complaint to be dismissed because the allegations give

rise to an affirmative defense[,] the defense clearly must appear on the face of the pleading.” 

McCalden v. Ca. Library Ass’n, 955 F.2d 1214, 1219 (9th Cir. 1990). 

Where a motion to dismiss is granted, “leave to amend should be granted ‘unless the court

determines that the allegation of other facts consistent with the challenged pleading could not

possibly cure the deficiency.’” DeSoto v. Yellow Freight Sys., Inc., 957 F.2d 655, 658 (9th Cir.

1992) (quoting Schreiber Distrib. Co. v. Serv-Well Furniture Co., 806 F.2d 1393, 1401 (9th Cir.

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 Pin cites to Plaintiff’s objections in this Order utilize the page numbers assigned by CM/ECF.

2

 Apparently recognizing the deficiency of his FAC, Plaintiff’s objections request, in the

alternative, that Plaintiff “be allowed to amend his complaint to state his allegation with more

specificity.” (Obj. 3, ECF No. 21) The Court notes that Magistrate Judge Adler recommended that

Plaintiff’s complaint be dismissed without prejudice, and that therefore Plaintiff is already entitled to

the exact relief he requests: Plaintiff may file a second amended complaint, stating with more

specificity his allegations against Defendant Janda. 

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1986)). In other words, where leave to amend would be futile, the Court may deny leave to

amend. See Desoto, 957 F.2d at 658; Schreiber, 806 F.2d at 1401.

2. Analysis

Magistrate Judge Adler recommends that Defendant Janda’s motion to dismiss be granted

because “the FAC contains no factual allegations against him other than to identify him as the

assistant warden and to allege that he engaged in ‘cruel and unusual punishment.’” (R&R 3, ECF

No. 19) Moreover, the R&R concludes that the FAC fails to alternatively state a claim against

Janda based on supervisory liability because “[t]he FAC is devoid of any factual allegations that

Janda directed, participated in, or had any knowledge of the alleged misconduct,” as would be

required to state a § 1983 violation against Janda as a supervisor. (Id. at 4)

Plaintiff objects to the R&R, arguing that he has sufficiently stated a § 1983 claim against

Defendant Janda:

Plaintiff alleges that he has stated a prima facie case of supervisory liability

against G.J. Janda for failure to correct the illegal and unconstitutional actions of

the correctional officer under his direct supervision, because he had direct

knowledge of the propensity of these officers to use excessive and unlawful force,

and he failed to properly act to discipline these officers in the past when excessive

and unlawful force was use[d].

(Obj. 2, ECF No. 21)1

 Even assuming the truth of these allegations and that they are sufficient to

state a claim against Defendant Janda for § 1983 supervisory liability, this factual allegation was

raised for the first time in Plaintiff’s objections, and cannot cure the deficiencies of the complaint. 

See, e.g., Schneider v. Cal. Dep’t of Corr., 151 F.3d 1194, 1197 n.1 (9th Cir. 1998). Thus, the

Court OVERRULES Plaintiff’s objection to the R&R and ADOPTS Magistrate Judge Adler’s

recommendation that the FAC be DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE2

 as to Defendant

Janda.

//

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RULE 4(m) DISMISSAL

1. Legal Standard

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m) provides that “[i]f a defendant is not served within

120 days after the complaint is filed, the court—on motion or on its own after notice to the

plaintiff—must dismiss the action without prejudice against that defendant or order that service be

made within a specified time.” The length of time for service may be extended upon a showing of

good cause by the plaintiff. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m).

Relevant here, in cases involving plaintiffs proceeding in forma pauperis, the U.S. Marshal,

upon order of the Court, is authorized to serve the defendant. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(c); Boudette v.

Barnette, 923 F.2d 754, 757 (9th Cir. 1991). Where service is to be made by U.S. Marshal, Civil

Local Rule 4.1 provides that “the party at whose request the summons is issued is responsible for

providing the Unites States marshal’s office with appropriate instructions regarding the person

upon whom service is to be made.” Though “[f]ailure to comply with these instructions may cause

the marshal not to perform service,” id., 

an incarcerated pro se plaintiff proceeding in forma pauperis is entitled to rely on

the U.S. Marshal for service of the summons and complaint, and, having provided

the necessary information to help effectuate service, plaintiff should not be

penalized by having his or her action dismissed for failure to effect service where

the U.S. Marshal or the court clerk has failed to perform the duties required of

each of them under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(c) and Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil

Procedure. 

Puett v. Blandford, 912 F.2d 270, 275 (9th Cir. 1990). “So long as the prisoner has furnished the

information necessary to identify the defendant, the marshal’s failure to effect service is

automatically good cause within the meaning of Rule 4(j).” Walker v. Sumner, 14 F.3d 1415, 1422

(9th Cir. 1994) (internal quotation marks omitted). 

2. Analysis

Here, despite granting Plaintiff’s motion for relief from the Court’s prior Order dismissing

the case for failure to effectuate service in a timely manner, proofs of service were never filed as to

either Defendant Sanchez or Defendant John Doe. As such, Magistrate Judge Adler recommended

that Defendants Sanchez and John Doe be dismissed from the action because Plaintiff “ failed to

establish good cause for not having [effectuated service on these defendants in a timely manner].” 

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 Plaintiff does not object to the R&R’s conclusion as to Defendant John Doe. Having

reviewed the R&R, the Court concludes that it contains no clear error and therefore ADOPTS the

R&R as to Defendant John Doe and DISMISSES John Doe pursuant to Rule 4(m).

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(R&R 4, ECF No. 19)

Plaintiff objects to the R&R as to Defendant Sanchez,3

 indicating that he “attempted to

serve him by including specific information regarding his assigned work position within the prison

institution at the time that the incident in which Defendant Sanchez used unconstitutional and

unlawful excessive force.” (Obj. 3, ECF No. 21) Nevertheless, the prison institution indicated

that there was “insufficient information provided to determine which Sanchez . . . Plaintiff was

attempting to serve.” (Id.); (see also ECF No. 16 (“Per litigation coordinator, there are several

staff members with last name Sanchez. Please provide first name or initial.”)) 

Plaintiff suggests that the prison institution is “intentionally hindering Plaintiff’s good faith

effort to serve Defendant Sanchez.” (Obj. 3, ECF No. 21) Specifically, Plaintiff argues that it is

unrealistic that the litigation coordinator could not identify which Sanchez Plaintiff was referring

to, given that Plaintiff provided his inmate number, the date of the use of force incident, and

indicated that a use of force report had been filed that would include Sanchez’s badge

identification number. (Id. at 7–8). Moreover, Plaintiff argues that “every prison institution is

required to keep a complete log of each use of force incidence report. On these reports all

employees who are involved in any way are listed, and each employee’s specific identification or

badge number is listed.” (Id. at 4) Plaintiff submits that the litigation coordinator should therefore

be able to “quickly and easily” identify the correct Sanchez. (Id. at 8) As such, Plaintiff requests

that the U.S. Marshal make a specific inquiry in order to obtain Defendant Sanchez’s badge

number to effectuate service of process, or, alternatively, that Plaintiff be allowed limited

discovery in order to obtain Sanchez’s badge number. (Id. at 9–13)

Without addressing Plaintiff’s contention that the prison institution in general or the

litigation coordinator specifically are intentionally hindering his ability to identify Defendant

Sanchez, the Court finds that Plaintiff has demonstrated good cause for the failure to timely serve

Defendant Sanchez pursuant to Rule 4(m). Thus, the Court declines to adopt Magistrate Judge

Adler’s recommendation as to Defendant Sanchez, and instead directs the U.S. Marshal to make a

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greater inquiry of the litigation coordinator—including making reference to the January 6, 2009,

incident and incident report—and reattempt service on Defendant Sanchez. If the U.S. Marshal is

still unable to effect service on Defendant Sanchez, Plaintiff may renew his request for limited

discovery for the purpose of identifying Defendant Sanchez. 

CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated above, the Court ADOPTS the R&R in part and DECLINES TO

ADOPT the R&R in part. The Court ADOPTS the R&R as to Defendant Janda’s motion to

dismiss; Plaintiff’s claim against Defendant Janda is DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE. 

The Court also ADOPTS the R&R as to Defendant John Doe; Defendant John Doe is

DISMISSED pursuant to Rule 4(m). 

The Court DECLINES TO ADOPT the R&R as to Defendant Sanchez; the Court directs

the U.S. Marshal to reattempt service on Defendant Sanchez. If the U.S. Marshal is still unable to

effect service, Plaintiff shall have 60 days to provide additional information to identify Defendant

Sanchez or to file a renewed motion for limited discovery for the purpose of identifying Defendant

Sanchez. 

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: January 4, 2012

Honorable Janis L. Sammartino

United States District Judge

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