Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_09-cv-01588/USCOURTS-casd-3_09-cv-01588-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 360
Nature of Suit: Other Personal Injury
Cause of Action: 28:1346 Tort Claim

---

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

1

 A circulating nurse is the only person present during a surgical procedure who does not

“scrub in,” that is, who does not wear a sterile gown, gloves, mask, and cap. (Doc. Nos. 16-2 to -3

(Exs. ISO MSJ) Ex. B (Pl.’s Dep.), at MSJ_0022 to _0024.) The circulating nurse reviews the

patient’s consent form with her, positions the patient in the operating room, hands items onto the

- 1 - 09cv1588

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

CARLA MONTGOMERY,

Plaintiff,

CASE NO. 09-CV-1588 JLS (WVG)

ORDER: (1) GRANTING

DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR

SUMMARY JUDGMENT;

(2) DIRECTING DEFENDANT TO

FILE RENEWED MOTION FOR

SUMMARY JUDGMENT;

(3) VACATING PRETRIAL

CONFERENCE

(Doc. No. 16)

vs.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Defendant.

Presently before the Court is Defendant’s motion for summary judgment. (Doc. No. 16.) Also

before the Court are Plaintiff’s opposition and Defendant’s reply. (Doc. Nos. 22 (Opp’n), 24 (Reply).)

Having reviewed the parties’ arguments and the law, the Court GRANTS Defendant’s motion.

BACKGROUND

This Federal Tort Claims Act action arises out of a slip and fall accident that occurred while

Plaintiff was employed as a contract nurse at Naval Medical Center San Diego (NMCSD). (Doc. No.

1 (Compl.) ¶¶ 1–2.) The following facts are not in dispute: In February 2008, Plaintiff was an

experienced circulating nurse1

 with eight years of experience. (Doc. Nos. 16-2 to -3 (Exs. ISO MSJ)

Case 3:09-cv-01588-JLS-WVG Document 30 Filed 02/22/11 Page 1 of 11
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28 sterile field, and updates the patient’s chart. (Id. at MSJ_0023, MSJ_0040.) In essence, the

circulating nurse is “the watch dog of the [operating] room.” (Id. at MSJ_0023.)

- 2 - 09cv1588

Ex. B (Pl.’s Dep.), at MSJ_0021 to _0029.) At the time, she was an employee of TCMP (id. at

MSJ_0029), which contracted with the U.S. Navy to provide healthcare workers to NMCSD (Ex. A

ISO MSJ (Budge Decl.) ¶ 5). On February 8, 2008, while circulating for a vascular surgery in

NMCSD operating room 11, Plaintiff slipped on a puddle of saline and fell. (Pl.’s Dep. MSJ_0047,

MSJ_0049 to _0053, MSJ_0055 to _0057, MSJ_0059 to _0061, MSJ_0070.) As a result of her fall,

Plaintiff sustained a broken toe. (Id. at MSJ_0067 to _0068.) As a result of her injury, she received

workers’ compensation benefits. (Pl.’s Dep. MSJ_0066 to _0077, MSJ_0071.)

On July 22, 2009, Plaintiff filed a complaint for negligence against Defendant. (Compl.) The

complaint alleges that Defendant, as owner and operator of NMCSD, failed to maintain the floor of

the operating room in a reasonably safe condition, and as a result, Plaintiff slipped and fell. (Id. ¶¶ 19,

22.) On October 4, 2010, Defendant filed the instant motion for summary judgment. (Doc. No. 16.)

LEGAL STANDARD

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56 permits a court to grant summary judgment where (1) the

moving party demonstrates the absence of a genuine issue of material fact and (2) entitlement to

judgment as a matter of law. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). “Material,” for

purposes of Rule 56, means that the fact, under governing substantive law, could affect the outcome

of the case. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986); Freeman v. Arpaio, 125 F.3d

732, 735 (9th Cir. 1997). For a dispute to be “genuine,” a reasonable jury must be able to return a

verdict for the nonmoving party. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248.

The initial burden of establishing the absence of a genuine issue of material fact falls on the

moving party. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323. The movant can carry his burden in two ways: (1) by

presenting evidence that negates an essential element of the nonmoving party’s case; or (2) by

demonstrating that the nonmoving party “failed to make a sufficient showing on an essential element

of her case with respect to which she has the burden of proof.” Id. at 322–23. “Disputes over

irrelevant or unnecessary facts will not preclude a grant of summary judgment.” T.W. Elec. Serv., Inc.

v. Pac. Elec. Contractors Ass’n, 809 F.2d 626, 630 (9th Cir. 1987).

Case 3:09-cv-01588-JLS-WVG Document 30 Filed 02/22/11 Page 2 of 11
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 3 - 09cv1588

Once the moving party establishes the absence of genuine issues of material fact, the burden

shifts to the nonmoving party to set forth facts showing that a genuine issue of disputed fact remains.

Celotex, 477 U.S. at 324. The nonmoving party cannot oppose a properly supported summary

judgment motion by “rest[ing] on mere allegations or denials of his pleadings.” Anderson, 477 U.S.

at 256. When ruling on a summary judgment motion, the court must view all inferences drawn from

the underlying facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co.

v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986).

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(d) provides for partial summary judgment. See Fed. R.

Civ. P. 56(d)(1) (“If summary judgment is not rendered on the whole action, the court should, to the

extent practicable, determine what material facts are not genuinely in issue. . . . It should then issue

an order specifying what facts . . . are not genuinely at issue. The facts so specified must be treated

as established in the action.”). Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(d), a court may grant

summary judgment on less than the non-moving party’s entire claim. Zapata Hermanos Sucesores,

S.A. v. Hearthside Baking Co., 313 F.3d 385, 391 (7th Cir. 2002) (Posner, J.). “The partial summary

judgment is merely a pretrial adjudication that certain issues shall be deemed established for the trial

of the case. This adjudication . . . serves the purpose of speeding up litigation by eliminating before

trial matters wherein there is no genuine issue of fact.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 advisory committee’s note.

DISCUSSION

1. Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment

Defendant moves for summary judgment on three grounds. First, Defendant contends that it

cannot be liable under the concealed hazardous condition doctrine because the saline was not

concealed, Plaintiff was reasonably expected to know of the condition, and hazard prevention was part

of the work Plaintiff was hired to perform. (Doc. No. 16-1 (Mem. ISO MSJ), at 9–13.) Second,

Defendant contends that it cannot be liable under the negligent exercise of retained control doctrine

because Defendant had turned control of the operating room over to Plaintiff. (Id. at 13–14.) Third,

Defendant contends that it cannot be liable under the peculiar risk doctrine Plaintiff has received

workers’ compensation benefits. (Id. at 14–15.) The Court first addresses whether Plaintiff may hold

Case 3:09-cv-01588-JLS-WVG Document 30 Filed 02/22/11 Page 3 of 11
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

2

 Defendant also argues that “Plaintiff could be viewed as the independent contractor rather

than an employee of the contractor.” (Mem. ISO MSJ 9.) The Court finds this argument

unpersuasive. Even though the Court agrees that “the relationship between the hirer, (the Navy), the

independent contractor, (TCMP), and the contractor’s employee, (Plaintiff), differed markedly from

the traditional model” (id.), Defendant offers no authority that would permit the Court to ignore the

undisputed fact that TCMP—rather than the U.S. Navy—employed Plaintiff (Pl.’s Dep. MSJ_0029).

Further, the Court questions whether the Navy’s relationship with Plaintiff was consistent with that

between an independent contractor and a hirer. See Tverberg v. Fillner Constr., Inc., 232 P.3d 656,

661 (Cal. 2010) (“When an independent contractor is hired to perform inherently dangerous . . . work,

that contractor, unlike a mere employee, receives authority to determine how the work is to be

performed and assumes a corresponding responsibility to see that the work is performed safely.”)

(emphasis added).

- 4 - 09cv1588

Defendant liable under the peculiar risk doctrine.2

A. Peculiar Risk

“At common law, a person who hired an independent contractor generally was not liable to

third parties for injuries caused by the contractor’s negligence in performing the work.” Privette v.

Superior Court, 854 P.2d 721, 724 (Cal. 1993). Modernly, courts have carved out numerous

exceptions to the common law rule, including the peculiar risk doctrine. Id. Under the doctrine,

“when the hirer fails to ensure by contract or other means that special precautions will be taken, the

hirer may be directly liable for injuries arising from . . . inherently dangerous work.” Sheeler v.

Greystone Homes, Inc., 6 Cal. Rptr. 3d 683, 687 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003) (citing RESTATEMENT (SECOND)

OF TORTS § 413 (1965)) (emphasis in original); accord Privette, 854 P.2d at 723 (“Under the peculiar

risk doctrine, a person who hires an independent contractor to perform work that is inherently

dangerous can be held liable for tort damages when the contractor’s negligent performance of the

work causes injuries to others.”). Before 1995, California law allowed an independent contractor’s

employee to recover tort damages under the peculiar risk doctrine from the person who hired the

contractor. See Privette, 854 P.2d at 726, 729; Browne v. Turner Constr. Co., 26 Cal. Rptr. 3d 433,

437 (Cal. Ct. App. 2005) (“Prior to these cases it was widely held that the hirer could be liable to [an

independent contractor’s employees] for breach of a duty, often referred to as ‘nondelegable,’ to

protect workers from harm arising from a ‘peculiar risk’ inherent in the work.”).

In Privette, however, the California Supreme Court held that an independent contractor’s

“employees may not recover under [the peculiar risk] doctrine for injuries subject to [workers’]

compensation coverage.” Sheeler, 6 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 687–88 (citing Privette, 854 P.2d at 726–31);

Case 3:09-cv-01588-JLS-WVG Document 30 Filed 02/22/11 Page 4 of 11
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 5 - 09cv1588

accord Toland v. Sunland Housing Group, Inc., 955 P.2d 504, 515 (Cal. 1998) (holding that Privette

bars all actions against a an independent contractor’s employee against the hirer under the peculiar

risk doctrine, provided that employee’s injuries are subject to workers’ compensation coverage). The

justification for this limitation is straightforward. Under California’s workers’ compensation scheme,

an independent contractor’s employee may not recover in tort against the contractor for injuries

subject to workers’ compensation coverage. See Cal. Lab. Code § 3602(a); Privette, 854 P.2d at

726–27. Viewed expansively, the peculiar risk doctrine “produces the anomalous result that a

nonnegligent person’s liability for an injury is greater than that of the person whose negligence

actually caused the injury.” Id. at 728. And “in the case of on-the-job injury to an employee of the

independent contractor, the workers’ compensation system of recovery regardless of fault achieves

the identical purposes that underlie recovery under the doctrine of peculiar risk . . . .” Id. at 730.

Hence, Privette’s limitation of the peculiar risk doctrine.

As an initial matter, Plaintiff contends that Privette and its progeny do not apply to her

negligence claim “because there is no allegation of negligence against the contractor.” (Opp’n 15.)

California law forecloses this argument. In Sheeler, the plaintiffs argued that their negligence claims

fell “outside the limitations on hirer liability in Privette and its progeny” because, unlike the situations

in Privette and the California Supreme Court’s cases following Privette, “Sheeler’s injuries [were] not

traceable to negligence by his own employer.” 6 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 692. Relying on Smith v. AcandS,

Inc., 37 Cal. Rptr. 2d 457 (Cal. Ct. App. 1994), disapproved on other grounds by Camargo v.Tjaarda

Dairy, 25 P.3d 1096, 1102 (Cal. 2001), the California Court of Appeal rejected the plaintiffs’

argument and held that “the Privette rationale governed, notwithstanding the absence of negligence”

by Sheeler’s own employer. Sheeler, 6 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 692. Accordingly, the Court rejects Plaintiff’s

contention that her negligence claim falls entirely outside of Privette and its progeny.

Plaintiff also argues that Defendant cannot rely on the Privette doctrine because Defendant did

not assert the affirmative defense of workers’ compensation exclusivity in its answer. (Opp’n 15; see

generally Unigard Ins. Group v. O’Flaherty & Belgum, 45 Cal. Rptr. 2d 565, 570 (Cal. Ct. App. 1995)

(“A defendant claiming that the Workers’ Compensation Act protects him from an action at law bears

the burden of pleading and proving that the Act bars the employee’s remedy.”).) This argument lacks

Case 3:09-cv-01588-JLS-WVG Document 30 Filed 02/22/11 Page 5 of 11
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

3

 Nor would the Workers’ Compensation Act’s exclusivity provision, by its terms, bar

Plaintiff’s claim against Defendant. Workers’ compensation exclusivity runs only against the

employer and other employees of the employer; it does not run against the hirer of an independent

contractor. See Cal. Labor Code § 3602(a) (“Where the conditions of compensation set forth in

Section 3600 concur, the right to recover such compensation is . . . the sole and exclusive remedy of

the employee or his or her dependents against the employer . . . .”); id. § 3601(a) (regarding the right

to recover compensation from other employees of the employer).

- 6 - 09cv1588

merit. Contrary to Plaintiff’s assertion, Defendant is not arguing that Plaintiff’s negligence claim is

barred due to workers’ compensation exclusivity.3

 Although the California Supreme Court in Privette

partly relied on the Workers’ Compensation Act’s exclusivity provision in crafting its rule, see 854

P.2d at 726–30, it announced a doctrine distinct from the rule of workers’ compensation exclusivity,

see id. at 730. Defendant relies on this separate doctrine in support of its argument that Plaintiff may

not recover on a peculiar risk theory because she received workers’ compensation benefits. (See

Reply 3.) Plaintiff has cited no authority requiring Defendant to plead the Privette doctrine as an

affirmative defense, and the Court is aware of none. Cf. Madden v. Summit View, Inc., 81 Cal. Rptr.

3d 601, 603 (Cal. Ct. App. 2008) (noting that the defendant’s answer “included an affirmative defense

based on Privette and Toland). Thus, Defendant’s failure to plead the Privette doctrine as an

affirmative defense does not preclude it from asserting the doctrine here.

Accordingly, the Court applies Privette. Plaintiff does not dispute that, as a result of her

injury, she received workers’ compensation benefits consisting of payments for lost wages and

medical care. (Pl.’s Dep. MSJ_0066 to _0077, MSJ_0071.) Plaintiff only was out of pocket for

expenses related to travel to and from the workers’ compensation physician. (Id. at MSJ_0071.)

“Thus, the doctrine of peculiar risk affords [Plaintiff] no basis for seeking damages from [Defendant]

for the same injuries compensable under the workers’ compensation scheme.” Privette, 854 P.2d at

730.

B. Negligent Exercise of Retained Control

Another exception to the common law rule of nonliability for an independent contractor’s hirer

is the negligent exercise of retained control doctrine. See generally Hooker v. Dep’t of Transp., 38

P.3d 1081 (Cal. 2002); RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF TORTS § 414 (1965). Under the doctrine, an

employee of an independent contractor may recover tort damages from a hirer that retained control

over safety conditions at a worksite if “the hirer exercised the control that was retained in a manner

Case 3:09-cv-01588-JLS-WVG Document 30 Filed 02/22/11 Page 6 of 11
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 7 - 09cv1588

that affirmatively contributed to the injury of the contractor’s employee.” Id. at 1089 (emphasis in

original). “‘Affirmative contribution’ occurs where [the hirer] ‘is actively involved in, or asserts

control over, the manner of performance of the contracted work.’” Millard v. Biosources, Inc., 68 Cal.

Rptr. 3d 177, 184 (Cal. Ct. App. 2007) (quoting Hooker, 38 P.3d at 1092). “Such an assertion of

control occurs, for example, when the principal employer directs that the contracted work be done by

use of a certain mode or otherwise interferes with the means and methods by which the work is to be

accomplished.” Hooker, 38 P.3d at 1092 (quoting Thompson v. Jess, 979 P.2d 322, 327 (Utah 1999))

(internal quotation marks omitted) (emphasis in original).

Turning to Plaintiff’s claim, the first question under Hooker is whether Defendant retained

control over safety conditions at NMCSD. Defendant contends that it ceded control over safety

conditions in NMCSD operating room 11 to Plaintiff. (Mem. ISO MSJ 13–14.) Defendant notes that

the U.S. Navy’s contract with TCMP required Plaintiff to “[m]aintain a clean, safe environment for

the patient either by active participation in the cleaning of medical spaces and medical equipment, or

by guiding and directing other personnel in the environmental maintenance.” (Budge Decl. Attach.

1, at MSJ_0014.) Further, Plaintiff was charged with “[e]nforcement of all safety and security policies

for the protection of patients and staff.” (Pl.’s Dep. Ex. 1, at MSJ_0080.) However, Plaintiff points

out that NMCSD had a separate safety command structure that did not include Plaintiff. (See Opp’n

13; Doc. Nos. 22-1 to -4 (Exs. ISO Opp’n) Ex. A, at OPP_003 (“The Department Head is responsible

for the safety and safety training of the staff and patients. A Safety/Hazardous Materials Officer and

a Safety Petty Officer will be appointed.”).) Thus, a factual dispute exists regarding whether

Defendant retained control over safety conditions at NMCSD.

However, even assuming that Defendant retained control over safety conditions at NMCSD,

Defendant did not “exercise[] the control that was retained in a manner that affirmatively contributed

to” Plaintiff’s injury. Hooker, 38 P.3d at 1089. Plaintiff argues that Defendant affirmatively

contributed to her injury “because it cannot be disputed that Defendant’s employee, [Petty] Officer

Foster, created the hazard that caused [Plaintiff] to break two bones.” (Opp’n 14.) However, in each

California case analyzing a hirer’s liability under Hooker, the plaintiff claimed that his or her injury

resulted from the hirer’s exercise of the specific control it retained. See, e.g., Hooker, 38 P.3d at

Case 3:09-cv-01588-JLS-WVG Document 30 Filed 02/22/11 Page 7 of 11
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 8 - 09cv1588

865–66 (exercise of power to permit vehicles to use overpass while crane was being operated);

McKown v. Wal-Mart Stores, 38 P.3d 1094, 1097 (Cal. 2002) (exercise of power to provide

equipment); Padilla v. Pomona Coll., 82 Cal. Rptr. 3d 869, 881–82 (Cal. Ct. App. 2008) (exercise of

ability to physically turn off PVC pipe); Browne, 26 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 441–42 (exercise of power to

remove safety systems and devices); Sheeler, 6 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 693–94 (exercise of power to schedule

cleanups of construction site); Ray v. Silverado Constructors, 120 Cal. Rptr. 251, 261–62 (Cal. Ct.

App. 2002) (exercise of power to close roadway during construction). In contrast, Plaintiff does not

suggest that saline ended up on operating room 11’s floor as a result of Defendant’s exercise of

retained control over safety conditions at NMCSD. Put another way, Petty Officer Foster was not

acting incident to any responsibility for the safety of hospital staff and patients that Defendant may

have retained when he caused saline to be on operating room 11’s floor.

Accordingly, Plaintiff fails to raise triable issues of material fact as to whether Defendant

actually exercised any control it may have retained so as to affirmatively contribute to Plaintiff’s

injury. Accordingly, the Court finds that Plaintiff may not recover under the negligent exercise of

retained control doctrine.

C. Concealed Hazardous Condition

Under Kinsman v. Unocal Corp., 123 P.3d 931, 940 (Cal. 2005), a hirer as the landowner may

be liable to an independent contractor’s employee, “even if it does not retain control over the work,

if (1) it knows or reasonably should know of a concealed, pre-existing hazardous condition on its

premises; (2) the contractor does not know and could not reasonably ascertain the condition; and

(3) the landowner fails to warn the contractor.” The justification for this exception to the common law

rule of nonliability for an independent contractor’s employee is straightforward. “[W]here the hazard

is concealed from the contractor, but known to the landowner, the landowner cannot effectively

delegate to the contractor responsibility for the safety of its employees if it has not communicated

crucial information to the contractor.” Padilla, 82 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 881–82.

(1) Whether the Saline Was Concealed

Defendant first argues that the saline puddle in operating room 11 was not a concealed

hazardous condition because it was “exposed and in an open walkway.” (Opp’n 10.) This argument

Case 3:09-cv-01588-JLS-WVG Document 30 Filed 02/22/11 Page 8 of 11
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 9 - 09cv1588

lacks merit. As a matter of common sense, the Court doubts that a puddle of clear saline was

“unconcealed,” as Defendant contends. Plaintiff’s testimony that she did not see the saline before she

slipped on it supports this conclusion (Pl.’s Dep. MSJ_0062 to _0063), as does the testimony of Nancy

Howell, who was present in the room when Plaintiff fell (Ex. D ISO Opp’n (Howell Dep.)

OPP_0056). Accordingly, a triable issue of material fact remains as to whether the saline was

concealed.

(2) Whether Plaintiff Was Reasonably Expected to Know of the Hazard

Defendant next argues that Plaintiff cannot recover under the concealed hazardous condition

doctrine because she “knew that saline spills were a hazard that may be found in [operating room] 11.”

(Mem. ISO MSJ 12.) The Court disagrees. Although Plaintiff testified in her deposition that

fluids—including blood and saline—can end up on the operating room floor during surgeries (Pl.’s

Dep. MSJ_0069), it is undisputed that Plaintiff’s fall occurred before the surgery for which she was

circulating started (id. at MSJ_0060 to _0061). And although Plaintiff received training regarding

hazards associated with blood, bodily fluids, and other fluids, this training apparently focused on the

danger of bloodborne pathogens. (See Ex. E ISO Opp’n (Pl.’s Dep.), at OPP_0069 to _0072.)

Accordingly, a reasonable jury could conclude that Plaintiff reasonably would not have expected to

encounter a saline spill on the operating room floor before a surgery.

(3) Whether Plaintiff Was Hired to Perform Hazard Prevention

Finally, Defendant argues that Plaintiff cannot recover under the concealed hazardous

condition doctrine because “Plaintiff’s duties included inspecting and monitoring for spills.” (Opp’n

13; see Kinsman, 123 P.3d at 942 (“[T]he principles enunciated in Privette suggest that the landowner

would not be liable when the contractor has failed to engage in inspections of the premises implicitly

or explicitly delegated to it.”); 1 JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA, CIVIL JURY INSTRUCTIONS No.

1009A (2010) [hereinafter CACI No. 1009A] (stating that a plaintiff must prove, as an element for

a claim under concealed hazardous condition doctrine, “[t]hat the condition was not part of the work

that [name of plaintiff’s employer] was hired to perform”).) 

The Court agrees with Defendant. As a staff perioperative nurse, Plaintiff was “responsible

for a safe environment for staff and patients.” (Pl.’s Dep. Ex. 1, at MSJ_0077; see also id. at

Case 3:09-cv-01588-JLS-WVG Document 30 Filed 02/22/11 Page 9 of 11
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 10 - 09cv1588

MSJ_0080 to _0081.) And Defendant’s Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(b)(6) representative

testified that “someone in [Plaintiff’s] position is expected to be cleaning up the floor all the time . . . .

The nurse’s responsibility in the room as the circulating nurse [is] to be monitoring the floors, and

she’s continually trying to keep the hazards to a minimum.” (Ex. C ISO MSJ (Colletta Dep.), at

MSJ_0101.) Thus, it appears that the condition that caused Plaintiff’s injury “was . . . part of the work

that” Plaintiff was hired to perform. CACI No. 1009A.

Plaintiff argues that, even if she was responsible for cleaning up spill, she may still recover

under the concealed hazardous condition doctrine because “TCMP was not hired to perform janitorial

services.” (Opp’n 12–13 (emphasis added).) However, the U.S. Navy did hire TCMP to provide

operating room nurses, and the Navy’s contract with TCMP required operating room nurses to

“[m]aintain a clean, safe environment for the patient either by active participation in the cleaning of

clinical spaces and medical equipment, or by guiding and directing other personnel in the

environmental maintenance.” (Budge Decl. Attach. 1, at MSJ_0014.) Thus, it appears that the

condition that caused Plaintiff’s injury was also “part of the work that” TCMP was hired to perform.

CACI No. 1009A

Accordingly, Plaintiff has failed to raise triable issues of material fact as to whether Defendant

hired Plaintiff and TCMP to perform hazard prevention. Accordingly, the Court finds that Plaintiff

may not recover under the concealed hazardous condition doctrine.

2. Whether the Court’s Ruling Concludes this Action

Plaintiff also obliquely contends that she may recover against Defendant under general

negligence principles, an issue not addressed in Defendant’s motion. (See Opp’n 15 (“There have

been no allegations of negligence on the part of TCMP. [Plaintiff] suffered injury because of the

action taken by an employee of Defendant . . . .”).) At least one California authority supports this

position. See Browne, 26 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 442 (“Where the hirer breaches a duty arising under general

tort principles, nothing in [the Privette line of] cases suggests that it may not be liable.”). And at oral

argument, counsel for Defendant as much as conceded that Plaintiff’s cause of action might survive

even if the Court granted Defendant’s motion in its entirety. Given the parties’ lack of clarity on this

issue, the Court declines to resolve it without further briefing.

Case 3:09-cv-01588-JLS-WVG Document 30 Filed 02/22/11 Page 10 of 11
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 11 - 09cv1588

Accordingly, Defendant SHALL FILE a motion for summary judgment with respect to this

issue within 45 days of the date this Order is electronically docketed.

CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated, the Court GRANTS Defendant’s motion for summary judgment in its

entirety. Defendant SHALL FILE a renewed motion for summary judgment regarding its liability

under general negligence principles by within 45 days of the date this Order is electronically docketed.

The pretrial conference, presently set for April 21, 2011, is HEREBY VACATED pending resolution

of Defendant’s renewed motion.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: February 22, 2011

Honorable Janis L. Sammartino

United States District Judge

Case 3:09-cv-01588-JLS-WVG Document 30 Filed 02/22/11 Page 11 of 11