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Nature of Suit Code: 864
Nature of Suit: Social Security - SSID Title XVI
Cause of Action: 

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NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

 

No. 06-4537

 

ALEXANDER GREEN,

 Appellant

v.

COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY

 Appellee.

 

 

APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY

(D.C. Civil No. 04-cv-05824)

District Judge: The Honorable Joel A. Pisano

 

Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)

January 14, 2008

 

Before: BARRY, CHAGARES and ROTH, Circuit Judges

(Opinion Filed: February 22, 2008 )

 

OPINION

 

BARRY, Circuit Judge

Alexander Green appeals from an order of the United States District Court for the

District of New Jersey affirming the decision of the Commissioner of Social Security

denying his application for supplemental security income (“SSI”). We will affirm. 

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Green filed three other applications for SSI between 1995 and 2000, all of which were 1

denied and not appealed by him. 

2

I.

Green is a fifty-two-year-old man who has been unemployed since 1992. Prior to

1992, he worked for one and a half years as a water inspector for the City of Jersey City. 

He filed an application for SSI on June 17, 2002, claiming an inability to work since

September 1, 1999 due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and back pain. In a 1

Disability Determination and Transmittal dated October 17, 2002, he was found not to be

disabled and reconsideration of that decision was denied. On December 30, 2002, Green

requested a hearing before an administrative law judge (“ALJ”) and a hearing took place

on August 21, 2003. The ALJ denied Green’s claim in a decision dated October 14,

2003, and the Appeals Council subsequently determined that no grounds for review

existed. Green filed this action in the District Court on November 24, 2004, and the

District Court affirmed the final decision of the Commissioner by order dated August 28,

2006. He timely appealed. 

II. 

The record before the ALJ and the District Court reveals that Green, a lifelong

smoker, has a history of pulmonary disease. He had tuberculosis as a child and has had

asthma for most of his life, requiring him to use an inhaler daily. Between 1995 and

1996, he visited various physicians, complaining generally of chest ailments. He was not

diagnosed with any disease, nor was he prescribed any medication. 

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3

In June 1997, Green, who was by then taking Claritin, was diagnosed with

hypertension and mild bronchial asthma; a physician determined that his hypertension

required treatment but the asthma did not. More than a year later, in November 1998, Dr.

Victor Marchione diagnosed Green with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma,

and allergies, and accordingly prescribed him a number of medications. Green visited Dr.

Marchione a number of times between 1999 and 2001. During one visit, Dr. Marchione

performed a pulmonary function test that revealed “volume loss in the upper lobe of his

lungs with probable atelectatic changes as well as hyper-expanded lung fields.” In

February 2001, Green was placed on antibiotics (in addition to the medications he was

already taking). 

In September 2000, Green was examined by Dr. Francky Merlin on behalf of New

Jersey’s Division of Disability Determination Services (“DDS”). Dr. Merlin reported that

an examination of Green’s lungs revealed no wheezing, rales, or rhonchi, and that his

pulmonary function test was normal. He further reported that Green’s gait was normal,

he had no difficulty getting up from a seated position or getting on and off the examining

table, and he had full use of his hands and arms when dressing and undressing. Dr.

Merlin’s ultimate diagnosis was that Green had asthma, which was stable, and that he

should be able to sit, stand, walk, handle objects, hear, speak, travel, lift, and carry. 

Green was examined again in September 2002 on behalf of the DDS by Dr.

Michael Pollack. Dr. Pollack reported that Green’s lungs were clear on ausculatation and

percussion and negative for rales, rhonchi, and wheezing. A radiographic examination of

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This testimony differs from written statements made by Green in a “Disability Report” 2

he filled out on June 17, 2002. In that report, when asked the weight of the heaviest

weight he had lifted, Green answered 20 pounds. When asked the weight of items he

most frequently lifted, Green answered 25 pounds. In another, similar questionnaire,

Green stated that the weights of the heaviest items he had lifted were 50 and 100 pounds. 

When asked the weight of the items he most frequently lifted, he answered 50 pounds. 

4

his chest revealed that it was normal. Dr. Pollack observed him to be ambulating without

difficulty, that his gait was within normal limits, and that he had no difficulty getting up

from a chair or getting on and off an examining table. Dr. Pollack ultimately diagnosed

him with chronic low back pain (ruling out lumbosacral degenerative joint disease) and

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The prognosis was “fair.” 

In December 2002, Green obtained a Department of Human Services Examining

Physician Report from Dr. Marchione which stated he had had chronic bronchitis and

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease since November 11, 1998. Dr. Marchione noted

that Green’s disability was progressive and characterized his degree of incapacity as

ambulatory. He believed that Green was incapable of working and that the duration of his

incapacity would be greater than six months but less than twelve months. 

Green testified at his 2003 hearing before the ALJ that his job as a water inspector

generally required him to find water leaks in buildings and on the ground, and to read and

open water meters in homes and buildings. He claimed that he would be on his feet all

day and that he would have to lift pipes and tools (to turn the water off with and to break

the ground, respectively) weighing between 40 and 110 pounds. He also claimed that he 2

“very seldom” used a jackhammer to break the ground. 

Case: 06-4537 Document: 003111340 Page: 4 Date Filed: 02/22/2008
5

When asked why he was unable to work, Green testified that on certain days he

can hardly breathe or move around. He claimed that three days at a time he has problems

breathing, and that on those days he begins to wheeze after walking as little as half a

block, yet also testified that he walks and rides his bicycle to various places and

appointments. He also claimed that because of his back pain he has to do certain

exercises to get out of bed in the morning, and can sit for only forty minutes before the

pain forces him to get up. Finally, he admitted that he smoked between three and five

cigarettes a day, and that as of two or three years ago he was still smoking two packs a

day. 

III. 

We have jurisdiction over this appeal under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Our review of the

findings of fact requires us to determine whether such findings are supported by

substantial evidence; our review of the application of legal precepts is plenary. Markle v.

Barnhart, 324 F.3d 182, 187 (3d Cir. 2003). “Substantial evidence ‘does not mean a

large or considerable amount of evidence, but rather such relevant evidence as a

reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.’” Hartranft v. Apfel,

181 F.3d 358, 360 (3d Cir. 1999) (quoting Pierce v. Underwood, 487 U.S. 552, 565

(1988)).

IV. 

The Social Security Act defines “disability” to mean the “inability to engage in

any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or

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6

mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be

expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.” 42 U.S.C. §

423(d)(1)(A). An individual is disabled when not only is he unable to perform his

previous job, but when he is unable to perform any other kind of substantial gainful work

existing in the national economy after taking into account his age, education, and work

experience. Id. § 423(d)(2)(A). A “physical or mental impairment” giving rise to a

disability means “an impairment that results from anatomical, physiological, or

psychological abnormalities which are demonstrable by medically acceptable clinical and

laboratory diagnostic techniques.” Id. § 423(d)(3). 

There is, under the Act, a five-step process for evaluating disability claims. 20

C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920. At the first step, the ALJ determines whether the claimant

is performing substantial gainful activity. If so, the ALJ will find the claimant not to be

disabled; if not, the ALJ proceeds to the second step, where it is determined whether the

claimant has a severe medically-determinable impairment. If the claimant does not have

such an impairment, the ALJ will find him not to be disabled. If the claimant does,

however, have a severe medically-determinable impairment, the ALJ proceeds to the third

step where it is determined whether the impairment(s) meets or equals one of the

impairments listed at 20 C.F.R. pt. 404 subpt. P, app. 1. If the impairment(s) meets or

equals one of the listed impairments, the ALJ will find the claimant disabled. If the

impairment(s) does not meet or equal a listed impairment, the ALJ at step four determines

whether the claimant’s residual functional capacity allows him to perform his past work. 

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The ALJ also properly determined that Green’s claims of back pain did not satisfy the 3

severity test at step two because the record was devoid of any objective medical testing of

Green’s back. Buttressing this determination was the fact that during Green’s September

2002 consultative exam, Dr. Pollack observed Green to have normal motor, sensory, and

reflexive functionalities. In addition, while Green’s counsel asked that the record remain

open after the hearing to allow Green to submit orthopedic medical records evidencing

the back ailment, the ALJ had not received any such records by the time he issued his

opinion. 

7

If the claimant can perform his past work, he is not disabled. If he cannot perform his

past work, however, the ALJ will determine at step five whether, in light of the claimant’s

age, education, and work experience, he is able to perform any other work in the national

economy. Id.; Sykes v. Apfel, 228 F.3d 259, 262-63 (3d Cir. 2000). The claimant bears

the burden of proof at steps one through four; the Commissioner bears the burden of

proof at step five. Sykes, 228 F.3d at 263. 

The ALJ found that Green satisfied the first step of the five-step process because

he had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since, at the latest, the date of his

application. At step two, the ALJ determined that the objective medical evidence

established that Green suffers from pulmonary disease, an impairment adequately severe

for the purposes of step two, but not severe enough to meet or equal any of the

impairments listed at 20 C.F.R. pt. 404 subpt. P, app. 1 for purposes of step three. Green 3

does not contest these determinations in his appeal—he only challenges the ALJ’s finding

of no disability at step four. 

The ALJ determined, and substantial evidence supports the conclusion, that Green

was not disabled at step four because he retained the residual functional capacity for work

involving “lifting and carrying objects weighing up to 50 pounds; frequently lifting and

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8

carrying objects weighing up to 25 pounds; standing, walking, and sitting up to six hours

in an eight-hour day; pushing and pulling arm and leg controls; and medium work free of

exposure to excessive pulmonary irritants.” The ALJ determined as well that Green’s

subjective complaints of disabling breathing difficulty and pain were not adequately

substantiated by objective medical evidence in the record. Indeed, he found that while

Green had been treated for coughing, his treatment had never involved more than

antibiotics, regular inhalers, and asthma medications; he never required intubation or

hospitalization; pulmonary tests consistently indicated only mild disease; and

examinations in 2000 and 2002 did not evidence wheezing, rhonchi, or rales. 

The ALJ also properly weighed the relevant testimony from the hearing. He

appropriately cited to Green’s testimony that he was able to walk and ride his bicycle to

appointments. Additionally, and not insignificantly, the ALJ cited Green’s admission that

he continues to smoke daily despite the consistent advice of his doctors over the years

that he needed to quit. Because Green apparently had few if any negative effects from his

smoking, the ALJ held, it was unlikely that he would react negatively to a much lesser

concentration of noxious fumes on the job. For these reasons, the ALJ correctly declined

to afford significant weight to the DDS’s October 2002 recommendation that Green avoid

all exposure to fumes, odors, dusts, gases, and poor ventilation. He further declined to

give significant weight to Dr. Marchione’s assessment that Green was unable to work

because that assessment was not supported by objective medical evidence and because,

Case: 06-4537 Document: 003111340 Page: 8 Date Filed: 02/22/2008
 The Dictionary describes the position as follows: 4

Reads electric, gas, water, or steam consumption meters and records

volume used by residential and commercial consumers: Walks or drives

truck over established route and takes readings of meter dials. Inspects

meters and connections for defects, damage, and unauthorized connections. 

Indicates irregularities on forms for necessary action by servicing

department. Verifies readings to locate abnormal consumption and records

reasons for fluctuations. Turns service off for nonpayment of charges in

vacant premises, or on for new occupants. Collects bills in arrears. Returns

route book to business office for billing purposes. May be designated

according to type of meter read as Electric-Meter Reader (utilities); GasMeter Reader (utilities); Steam-Meter Reader (utilities); Water-Meter

Reader (waterworks). 

9

more fundamentally, that determination is reserved to the Commissioner. 20 C.F.R. §

404.1527(e); Soc. Security Ruling 96-6p (1996), available at 1996 WL 374180.

In light of Green’s residual functional capacity, the ALJ turned to the question of

whether he could perform any of his past relevant work as a water inspector. Social

Security Ruling 82-61 states that a claimant will be found not disabled at step four when

he retains the residual functional capacity to perform the actual job duties of a particular

past job or “[t]he functional demands and job duties of the occupation as generally

required by employers throughout the national economy.” Soc. Security Ruling 82-61

(1982), available at 1982 WL 31387. The Ruling further provides that the descriptions of

jobs in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles can be relied upon to define the job as it is

usually performed in the national economy. It was therefore proper for the ALJ to

determine that Green could perform his job as it is generally performed in the national

economy according to the Dictionary’s job description for a “Meter Reader (utilities;

waterworks).” Dictionary of Occupational Titles § 209.567-010. Although Green 4

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10

testified that he previously performed additional physical work not included in this job

description, he also testified that the time he spent doing that work was minimal. 

In sum, the ALJ found that while the record supported Green’s claim of some form

of a pulmonary condition, it did not support the claimed severity of that condition. We

will affirm the order of the District Court. 

Case: 06-4537 Document: 003111340 Page: 10 Date Filed: 02/22/2008