Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_05-cv-01022/USCOURTS-caed-1_05-cv-01022-90/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

Plaintiff Troas Barnett (“Plaintiff”) is a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis 

in this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The parties have consented to magistrate judge 

jurisdiction. (Plaintiff’s consent, ECF No. 9; Defendants’ consent, ECF No. 62.) This action proceeds 

TROAS V. BARNETT,

 Plaintiff,

v.

MARTIN GAMBOA, et al.,

Defendants.

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Case No.: 1:05-cv-01022-BAM (PC)

ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR 

ATTENDANCE OF INCARCERATED WITNESS 

DELFONZO JERMAIN MOORE

(ECF No. 344)

ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR 

ATTENDANCE OF INCARCERATED WITNESS 

JORGE LUIS MANRIQUE

(ECF No. 345)

ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR 

ATTENDANCE OF INCARCERATED WITNESS 

JAMMAL DESEAN JENNINGS

(ECF No. 346)

ORDER OVERRULING PLAINTIFF’S 

OPPOSITION TO INMATE WITNESSES 

TESTIFYING FROM HDSP VIA 

CONTEMPORANEOUS VIDEO TRANSMISSION 

(ECF No. 366)

Case 1:05-cv-01022-BAM Document 370 Filed 12/18/15 Page 1 of 6
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on Plaintiff’s claims that Defendants Gamboa, Duran, and Torres used excessive physical force 

against him in violation of his rights under the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution 

and that Defendant Torres failed to intervene to protect Plaintiff from harm in violation of his rights 

under the Eighth Amendment. A jury trial is set to commence in this matter on February 23, 2016.

Currently before the Court are Plaintiff’s motions for the attendance of the following three 

incarcerated witnesses: (1) Delfonzo Jermain Moore (CDCR # H58727, High Desert State Prison 

(“HDSP”)), (ECF No. 344); (2) Jorge Luis Manrique (CDCR #T86492, HDSP), (ECF No. 345); and 

(3) Jammal Desean Jennings, (ECF No. 346). Plaintiff also filed declarations in support. Defendants 

responded to the motions on December 3, 2015, (ECF No. 361), and Plaintiff filed an opposition to 

that response on December 16, 2015, (ECF No. 366). The parties’ arguments were also heard on this 

matter on December 17, 2015.

I. Legal Standard

In determining whether to grant Plaintiff’s motions for the attendance of incarcerated 

witnesses, the Court considers the following factors: (1) whether the inmate’s presence will 

substantially further the resolution of the case, (2) the security risks presented by the inmate’s 

presence, (3) the expense of transportation and security, and (4) whether the suit can be stayed until 

the inmate is released without prejudice to the cause asserted. Wiggins v. County of Alameda, 717 

F.2d 466, 468 n.1 (9th Cir. 1983); see also Walker v. Sumner, 14 F.3d 1415, 1422 (9th Cir. 1994) 

(district court did not abuse its discretion when it concluded the inconvenience and expense of 

transporting inmate witness outweighed any benefit he could provide where the importance of the 

witness’s testimony could not be determined), abrogated on other grounds by Sandin v. Conner, 515 

U.S. 472 (1995).

II. Discussion

A. Inmates Jermain Delfonso Moore (CDCR # H58727, HDSP) and

Jorge Luis Manrique (CDCR # T86492, HDSP) 

Plaintiff declares that Inmate Moore witnessed the November 4, 2003 events at issue in this 

case from the vantage point of his cell located below Plaintiff’s cell at the California Substance Abuse 

Treatment Facility (“C.S.A.T.F.”). (ECF No. 344.) Inmate Moore allegedly also witnessed Plaintiff’s 

Case 1:05-cv-01022-BAM Document 370 Filed 12/18/15 Page 2 of 6
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resulting injuries, whether Defendant Torres immediately activated an emergency alarm, the staff’s 

response to the alarm, and the firearm discharge at issue. (Id. at 2-3.) Plaintiff also declares that Inmate 

Manrique witnessed the events at issue in this case from his cell located next to Plaintiff’s cell, 

including the allegedly excessive uses of force and Plaintiff’s resulting injuries. (ECF No. 345.) 

Plaintiff further declares that Inmate Manrique was instructed to clean Plaintiff’s cell after the incident 

and thus observed relevant evidence.1(Id. at 1.)

Defendants confirmed that Inmate Moore is currently housed in the High Desert State Prison 

(“HDSP”), where he is serving a 23 year-sentence for burglary 1st, burglary 2nd, robbery 2nd, 

carjacking, and an in-custody crime of possession of a controlled substance. (ECF No. 361-1, p. 2.) 

Inmate Moore’s earliest possible release date is in June 2017. (Id.) Inmate Manrique is also currently 

housed in the HDSP, and he is serving a life sentence for murder with a possible early release date in 

2027. (ECF No. 361, p. 2.) Because of the expenses and security concerns attendant to producing 

Inmates Moore and Manrique in court, Defendants argue that the Court should consider ordering those 

inmates to testify via contemporaneous video transmission. (Id. at 1-2.) Their counsel has reserved the 

afternoon of February 23, 2016, the first day of trial, with the litigation coordinator of HDSP for this 

testimony.

Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 43(a), the Court may permit testimony in open court by 

contemporaneous video transmission “[f]or good cause in compelling circumstances and with 

appropriate safeguards[.]” Defendants have shown that the factors here weigh in favor of permitting 

Inmates Moore and Manrique to testify via contemporaneous video transmission. According to 

Plaintiff, Inmates Moore and Manrique were eye and ear witnesses to the events at issue in this action. 

As such, their presence will substantially further the resolution of the case. However, there are 

significant expenses regarding transportation and substantial security concerns for transferring these 

inmate witnesses to court. 

HDSP is located in Susanville, California, nearly four hundred miles from Fresno, California, 

and as a result transporting the inmate witnesses from that facility with sufficient security will be 

 

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The Court notes that these purported witnesses were not identified by Plaintiff as witnesses in the 

first trial of this matter. (Doc. 148-152.) The Court considers this fact as an additional reason for its 

decision to permit video conference-only testimony.

Case 1:05-cv-01022-BAM Document 370 Filed 12/18/15 Page 3 of 6
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costly, require significant time, present housing issues, and would be disruptive for the inmates 

themselves. Good cause and compelling circumstances may exist where a significant geographic 

distance separates the witness from the location of court proceedings, see Beltran–Tirado v. I.N.S., 

213 F.3d 1179, 1186 (9th Cir. 2000) (telephonic testimony appropriate where witness was in Missouri 

and hearing was in San Diego); Humbert v. O’Malley, 303 F.R.D. 461, 465 n. 20 (D. Md. 2014) 

(witness in Michigan and trial in Maryland); FTC v. Swedish Match N.A., Inc., 197 F.R.D. 1, 2 (D. 

D.C. 2000) (witness in Oklahoma and trial in Washington, D.C.), or where the costs and safety

concerns of producing the witness is particularly high. See Saenz v. Reeves, No. 1:09–cv–00557, 2013 

WL 1636045, at *3 (E.D. Cal. April 16, 2013) (video testimony permitted where there was 

“significant expense and security risk” involved in producing inmate witness). Furthermore, it is not 

practicable to stay this case until these inmates are released. In addition, there are substantial security 

concerns for having these inmates physically appear in Court, as both witnesses are serving time for 

violent crimes and on balance. Therefore, the security issues outweigh the Plaintiff’s need for 

physical presence in Court.

Contemporaneous video testimony is an appropriate method for allowing Inmates Moore and 

Manrique to testify in this case. Because a witness testifying by video is observed directly with little, if 

any, delay in transmission, video testimony can sufficiently enable cross-examination and credibility 

determinations, as well as preserve the overall integrity of the proceedings. See Parkhurst v. Belt, 569 

F.3d 995, 1003 (8th Cir. 2009); see also Swedish Match N.A., Inc., 197 F.R.D. at 2 (finding that there 

was “no practical difference between live testimony and contemporaneous video transmission”). 

Plaintiff raises a number of objections to having Inmates Moore and Manrique testify by 

contemporaneous video transmission. In balancing the factors the Court is required to consider, the 

Court finds that the circumstances in this case are best served by having the inmate witnesses testify 

via video. Plaintiff argues that Defendants have not identified any explicit security risk, but in fact 

Defendants have confirmed that Inmates Moore and Manrique are housed in a maximum security state 

prison for Level IV inmates, and they would require a significant, costly security presence in court. 

Plaintiff is also concerned about assurances that the witnesses will be made available and the video 

transmission equipment will work, but Defense Counsel will be ordered to ensure the necessary 

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confirmations and tests will be done. 

Plaintiff also speculates that Inmates Moore and Manrique could be subject to witness 

tampering, intimidation and threats, should they be known to be testifying in his case. Plaintiff offers 

nothing other than pure speculation for these concerns, and the fact that Inmates Moore and Manrique 

are taken to a litigation facility in the HDSP to testify rather than transported to this Court would not 

affect these concerns anyway. Plaintiff also wishes to privately confer with Inmates Moore and 

Manrique before they testify if they were brought to court, but this would not be allowed. Instead, 

Plaintiff will have the opportunity to question the inmate witnesses when they are sworn in to give 

their testimony, regardless of whether they give it via a video transmission from a litigation facility at 

HDSP, or in the courtroom. 

Based on the foregoing, the Court will grant Plaintiff’s motions for the attendance of Inmates 

Moore and Manrique, and order that they be made available to testify via video conference at trial.

B. Jammal Desean Jennings

Plaintiff declares that Jammal Desean Jennings is an inmate who was incarcerated at 

C.S.A.T.F. on November 4, 2013, and witnessed Plaintiff being ordered to shower with his cellmate 

and the resulting events, including the allegedly excessive uses of force and Plaintiff’s injuries. (ECF 

No. 346.) Plaintiff moves for the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitations (“CDCR”) 

to transport Jennings to give trial testimony. However, Defense Counsel declares that Mr. Jennings is 

no longer in CDCR custody, as he was released on parole in 2013. (ECF No. 361, p. 3; ECF No. 361-

1, pp. 1-2.) Consequently, Plaintiff’s motion for CDCR to transport Mr. Jennings is denied.

III. Conclusion and Order

Accordingly, it is HEREBY ORDERED as follows:

1. Plaintiff’s motion for attendance of incarcerated witness Delfonzo Jermain Moore, 

(ECF No. 344), is GRANTED. Inmate Moore shall appear at trial by video conference pursuant to 

Fed. R. Civ. P. 43(a);

2. Plaintiff’s motion for the attendance of incarcerated witness Jorge Luis Manrique, (ECF 

No. 345), is GRANTED. Inmate Manrique shall appear at trial by video conference pursuant to Fed. 

R. Civ. P. 43(a); 

Case 1:05-cv-01022-BAM Document 370 Filed 12/18/15 Page 5 of 6
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3. Plaintiff’s motion for the attendance of incarcerated witness Jammal Desean Jennings, 

(ECF No. 346), is DENIED;

4. Defense Counsel is ORDERED to confirm with the HDSP that their video equipment 

can connect to the national VTC system (NVTCS) (via DCN IP address: 10.179.144.18, Public IP 

address: 63.241.40.88, or ISDN address 858-812-0972). Defense Counsel is further ordered to 

schedule a test call with the HDSP and the Clerk’s Office Information Technology staff, and also 

confirm the date and time for the witnesses’ testimony itself. All confirmations and equipment testing 

should be completed on or before January 15, 2016. If Defense Counsel is unable to make these 

arrangements, or the video equipment is determined to be incompatible with the Court’s systems, 

Defense Counsel shall file a status report by January 19, 2016 so informing the Court.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: December 18, 2015 /s/ Barbara A. McAuliffe _

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

Case 1:05-cv-01022-BAM Document 370 Filed 12/18/15 Page 6 of 6