Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_15-cv-02208/USCOURTS-casd-3_15-cv-02208-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 370
Nature of Suit: Other Fraud
Cause of Action: 28:1331bc Fed. Question: Breach of Contract

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

JOHN BROWNING,

Plaintiff,

v.

DUANE LILIEN dba CONSTRUCTION 

EXPEDITERS, GREENSTAR BUILDING 

SYSTEMS, LLC, AND DOES 1-10,

Defendant.

Case No.: 15CV2208-GPC (BLM)

ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND 

DENYING IN PART DEFENDANT'S 

MOTION REGARDING THE 

SUFFICIENCY OF ANSWERS OR 

OBJECTIONS AND TO COMPEL 

ANSWERS TO INTERROGATORIES AND 

PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS

[ECF No. 26]

Currently before the Court is Defendant’s August 15, 2016 “MOTION REGARDING THE 

SUFFICIENCY OF ANSWERS OR OBJECTIONS AND TO COMPEL ANSWERS TO 

INTERROGATORIES AND PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS,” [ECF No. 26 (“MTC”)] Plaintiff’s 

August 31, 2016 “PLAINTIFF’S OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO COMPEL ANSWERS TO 

INTERROGATORIES AND REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS,” [ECF No. 28 

(“Oppo.”)] and Defendant’s September 1, 2016, “RESPONSE TO OPPOSITION OF MOTION 

REGARDING THE SUFFICIENCY OF ANSWERS OR OBJECTIONS AND TO COMPEL ANSWERS TO 

INTERROGATORIES AND PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS” [ECF No. 29 (“Reply”)]. For the 

reasons set forth below, Defendant’s motion is GRANTED IN PART AND DENIED IN PART.

BACKGROUND

The above-entitled matter was initiated on October 2, 2015 when Plaintiff filed a 

complaint alleging breach of contract and fraudulent misconduct, and seeking monetary 

damages. ECF No. 1. On June 13, 2016, Defendant served Plaintiff with Requests for Admission

(“RFA”), Interrogatories, and Requests for Production of Documents (“RFP”). MTC at 2; see

also Exhs. 1-4. Defendant states that Plaintiff has not responded to any of Defendant’s discovery 

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requests and that Plaintiff’s attorney has not contacted Defendant regarding the discovery. MTC 

at 3. 

On August 15, 2016, Defendant filed the instant motion. MTC. Defendant moves the 

Court for an order deeming all of the requests for admission admitted, prohibiting Plaintiff from 

objecting to Defendant’s interrogatories and requiring Plaintiff to answer them, requiring Plaintiff 

to provide the requested documents, and awarding sanctions to Defendant. Id. On August 17, 

2016, the Court issued an order requiring Plaintiff to file his opposition on or before August 26, 

2016, and Defendant to file his reply on or before September 2, 2016. ECF No. 27. 

Plaintiff filed his opposition on August 31, 2016. Oppo. The Court accepted Plaintiff’s 

opposition, despite it being filed five days late. Plaintiff argues that the motion is moot because 

he has “provided responses which it seems is what is requested by Defendant.” Id. at 3, 5-6; 

ECF No. 28-1, Declaration of ‘Isi Mataele (“Mataele Decl.’) at 2. Plaintiff does not specify which 

discovery requests he provided responses to nor the date on which he provided the responses. 

See Oppo. Plaintiff also does not provide any proof of the alleged responses, such as the actual 

responses and the proofs of service. Id. Rather, Plaintiff merely argues that Defendant’s motion 

should be denied because it contains no legal authority and is unintelligible, and because 

Defendant failed to comply with the local rules regarding discovery disputes. Id. 

Defendant filed his timely reply on September 1, 2016. Reply. Defendant states that 

Plaintiff’s attorney still has not contacted Defendant regarding Defendant’s discovery and that 

Defendant has not received responses to any of his discovery requests. Id. at 2-3; ECF No. 29-

2, Declaration of Duane Lilien (“Lilien Decl.”) at 2. Additionally, Defendant contends that he 

clearly and concisely states the grounds for his motion by citing to the Federal Rules of Civil 

Procedure and that those rules authorize the Court to grant Defendant’s requested relief. Id. at 

3. Accordingly, Defendant asserts his motion is not moot. Id. at 4. In conclusion, Defendant 

explains that he is pro se and has complied with every deadline set by this Court, while Plaintiff’s 

counsel consistently fails to comply with the deadlines. Id. For all these reasons, Defendant 

argues the Court should grant his motion and issue sanctions against Plaintiff. Id.

//

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DISCUSSION

Defendant moves to compel Plaintiff to (1) answer Interrogatories 1-25, and (2) produce 

documents responsive to RFPs 1-24 from Defendant’s First Set of Written Discovery Requests. 

MTC. Defendant also moves the Court to admit RFAs 1-18 from Defendant’s First Set of Written 

Discovery Requests. Id. Plaintiff opposes Defendant’s motion, arguing that (1) Defendant’s 

motion failed to provide sufficient notice and information for Plaintiff to respond, (2) Defendant 

made no efforts to meet and confer and did not file a certificate of compliance, and (3) 

Defendant’s motion is moot because Plaintiff provided responses to the discovery requests. 

Oppo. at 3-5.

A. Plaintiff’s Opposition

As set forth above, Plaintiff does not specifically address the merits of Defendant’s 

discovery requests. See id. Rather, Plaintiff challenges the validity of the motion to compel 

stating that it is “fatally defective.” Id. at 3. In support, Plaintiff asserts that Defendant’s motion 

failed to provide sufficient notice of the legal grounds and of the relief sought, that Defendant 

failed to meet and confer and did not file the required certificate of compliance, and that 

Defendant’s motion is moot. Id. at 3-5. The Court initially will consider Plaintiff’s challenges to 

Defendant’s motion to compel.

1. Insufficiency of Defendant’s Motion

Plaintiff argues that the Court should deny Defendant’s motion to compel because it lacks 

legal authority, fails to identify the basis for the motion and the specific relief sought, and is so 

“unintelligible” Plaintiff cannot respond. Id. Plaintiff is wrong.

Rule 7 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides that discovery motions must “state 

with particularity the grounds for seeking the order” and “state the relief sought.” Fed. R. Civ. 

P. 7(b)(1)(B)-(C). The specificity requirement is liberally interpreted and is met if the motion 

provides the opposing counsel and the Court with sufficient information to rule on the motion. 

United States v. Vacante, 717 F. Supp. 2d 992, 1019-1020 (E.D. Cal. 2010) (citing Intera Corp. 

v. Henderson, 428 F.3d 605, 613 (6th Cir. 2005), Roy v. Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft, 

781 F.2d 670, 670-1 (9th Cir. 1985), Registration Control Sys., Inc. v. Compusystems, Inc., 922 

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F.2d 805, 808 (Fed. Cir. 1990)). 

The Court finds that Defendant has adequately described the discovery dispute and relief 

he is seeking. Defendant states that he served interrogatories, document requests, and requests 

for admission on Plaintiff on June 13, 2016. MTC at 2-3; Exhs. 1-4 (the actual discovery requests 

and proofs of service). Defendant further states that Plaintiff did not respond to any of the 

discovery requests. MTC at 3. Finally, Defendant cites Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 36(a)(6) 

and asks the Court to “deem all Requests [For Admission] to be admitted.” Id. Defendant also 

argues that since Plaintiff did not timely object to Defendant’s interrogatories and document 

requests, he should not be allowed to object to the requests and should be ordered to respond. 

Id. at 4. (“With regard to the Request for Admissions, Lilien is entitled to an order from this 

court deeming those admissions Browning failed to respond to, admitted. With regard to the 

Interrogatories and Request for Production of Documents, Lilien is entitled to an order from this 

court compelling Browning to properly and timely respond without any objections.”). The 

authority for these requests comes directly from the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (see Fed. 

R. Civ. P. 33(a)-(b) and 34(a)-(b)) and the failure by the pro se Defendant to cite them should 

not have made the motion “unintelligible” to Plaintiff’s lawyer. Defendant also moves the court 

to award sanctions against Plaintiff. Id. at 4 (“Lilien also asks this court to award any sanctions 

against Browning that it feels are just and fair.”). Again, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 

authorize sanctions. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 37.

Defendant’s motion to compel is simple and straight-forward: Defendant served 

discovery, Plaintiff did not respond, and Defendant wants answers. While it does not contain 

much legal analysis, the issue is so basic that legal analysis is not required. Defendant’s motion 

easily provides sufficient information to permit opposing counsel and the Court to address the 

dispute and the Court therefore rejects Plaintiff’s argument.

2. Meet and Confer Efforts and Certificate of Compliance

Plaintiff argues that the Court should deny Defendant’s motion to compel because 

“Defendant failed to meet and confer as required or submit a certificate of compliance.” Oppo. 

at 4. According to the Civil Local Rules for the Southern District of California, “[t]he court will 

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entertain no motion pursuant to Rules 26 through 37, Fed. R. Civ. P., unless counsel shall have 

previously met and conferred concerning all disputed issues.” S.D. Cal. Civ. R. 26.1(a). A court 

may deny a motion to compel because of a party’s failure to meet and confer prior to filing the 

motion. Scheinuck v. Sepulveda, 2010 WL 5174340, *1 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 15, 2010). Civil Local 

Rule 26.1 also states that “[a]t the time of filing any motion with respect to Rules 26 through 

37, Fed. R. Civ. P., counsel for the moving party must serve and file a certificate of compliance 

with this rule.” Cal. Civ. R. 26.1(b).

Plaintiff is correct that Defendant did not file the required certificate of compliance. 

However, in his motion to compel, Defendant stated that Plaintiff had not responded in any way 

to his discovery requests. MTC at 3. In light of that representation the Court accepted 

Defendant’s motion as filed and set a briefing schedule. ECF No. 27. Accordingly, the Court 

denies Plaintiff’s request to deny the motion to compel on the basis that Defendant failed to 

meet and confer with Plaintiff’s counsel about counsel’s failure to respond to Defendant’s 

discovery requests and Defendant’s failure to file the required certificate.

3. Mootness

Plaintiff argues that the instant motion is moot because he provided responses to the

discovery requests at issue. Oppo. at 5. Plaintiff supports this assertion with the declaration of 

his attorney, ‘Isi Mataele, which states “Plaintiff had provided responses which it seems is what 

is requested by Defendant rendering the motion moot.” Mataele Decl. at 2. As of September 

1, 2016, Defendant asserts that he has not received responses to any of the discovery requests. 

Reply at 2; Lilien Decl. at 2. Defendant also points out that Plaintiff failed to give the Court a

copy of the responses or the certificate of service to prove the responses were served. Id.

The Court finds that counsel’s vague and conclusory statement that “Plaintiff had provided 

responses” is insufficient to moot the motion to compel. Mr. Mataele’s declaration is inadequate 

as it does not specify which discovery requests Plaintiff responded to, nor the date on which the 

responses were provided. See Mataele Decl. Plaintiff and his lawyer also do not provide any 

evidence to support the claim that Plaintiff responded to Defendant’s discovery, such as 

submitting a copy of the responses and proofs of service. Finally, Defendant disputes Mr. 

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Mataele’s statement that discovery responses were provided to Plaintiff. Reply at 2; Lilien Decl. 

at 2. As a result, Defendant’s motion is not moot. Plaintiff has not established that he responded 

to any of Defendant’s discovery requests.

Because the Court has rejected all of Plaintiff’s challenges to Defendant’s motion to 

compel, the Court will now consider the merits of Defendant’s motion to compel responses to 

his discovery requests. The Court notes that other than the vague and conclusory statement 

that he has responded to the discovery requests, Plaintiff fails to address the merits of 

Defendant’s discovery requests or the remedies requested in the motion to compel.

B. Motion to Compel Answers to Interrogatories

Defendant states that he is entitled to a response from Plaintiff to all of Defendant’s 

interrogatories without objection. MTC at 4. Defendant served Plaintiff with “Interrogatories to 

John Browning, Set One” on June 13, 2016. MTC at 2, Exhs. 2, 4. There are 25 interrogatories 

seeking information on a variety of topics. Exh. 2. Plaintiff does not claim that he did not 

receive the interrogatories and does not provide persuasive evidence that he did respond. See

Oppo.; Mataele Decl. As of September 1, 2016, Defendant states that Plaintiff has not responded 

to any of Defendant’s 25 interrogatories. Reply at 2.

A party may serve interrogatories that relate to any matter within the scope of Rule 26(b)

of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

1

 Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(a). “The grounds for objecting to an 

interrogatory must be stated with specificity,” and any interrogatory not objected to must be 

answered fully in writing under oath. Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(b). An interrogatory not objected to 

 

1 Rule 26(b)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure defines the scope of discovery as follows:

Parties may obtain discovery regarding any nonprivileged matter that is relevant 

to any party’s claim or defense and proportional to the needs of the case, 

considering the importance of the issues at stake in the action, the amount in 

controversy, the parties’ relative access to relevant information, the parties’ 

resources, the importance of discovery in resolving issues, and whether the burden 

or expense of the proposed discovery outweighs the likely benefit. Information 

within the scope of discovery need not be admissible in evidence to be 

discoverable.

Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1).

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within 30 days after the responding party has been served is waived, unless the court, for good 

cause, excuses the waiver. Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(b)(4). The waiver is effective “even in situations 

where a party had a proper objection to a discovery request.” Reliance Ins. Co. v. Core Carriers, 

Inc., 2008 WL 2414041 *3 (M.D. Fla. June 11, 2008). 

Plaintiff neither objected nor responded to any of Defendant’s interrogatories. MTC at 3; 

see also Reply at 2. Additionally, Plaintiff has not provided the Court with an explanation or 

justification for his failure to serve timely objections or responses to Defendant’s interrogatories. 

As such, Plaintiff has not established good cause for his failure to respond and therefore has

waived any objections to the interrogatories.

Defendant’s motion to compel responses without objections to “Interrogatories to John 

Browning, Set One” is GRANTED. Plaintiff must answer all 25 interrogatories without objection 

and serve the answers on Defendant by September 30, 2016.

C. Motion to Compel Production of Documents

Defendant moves the Court to compel Plaintiff to produce the documents requested in 

his RFP which was served on Plaintiff on June 13, 2016. MTC at 3, Exhs. 3, 4. The RFP contains 

24 requests for documents relating to communications Plaintiff was a party to, documents 

supporting Plaintiff’s causes of action, and financial documents relating to the case. Id. at Exh. 

3. Plaintiff neither objected nor responded to the RFP. MTC at 3.

A party may request the production of any document within the scope of Rule 26(b) of 

the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(a). “For each item or category, the 

response must either state that inspection and related activities will be permitted as requested 

or state an objection to the request, including the reasons.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(b)(2)(B). Rule 

34 requires that objections to RFPs be timely and the grounds be stated with specificity. See

Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(b)(2). “A party who fails to file timely objections [to discovery requests] 

waives all objections.” Ramirez v. County of L.A., 231 F.R.D. 407, 409 (C.D. Cal 2005) (citing 

Richmark Corp. v. Timber Falling Consultants, 959 F.2d 1468, 1473 (9th Cir.), cert. dismissed, 

506 U.S. 948 (1992)).

Plaintiff again fails to provide any explanation or justification for his failure to respond to 

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Defendant’s requests for relevant documents. Accordingly, Plaintiff has not established good 

cause for his failure to respond and the Court finds that he has waived his right to object to the 

requests.

Defendant’s motion to compel production of documents requested in his “Requests for 

Production of Documents, Set One” is GRANTED. Plaintiff must produce all responsive 

documents by September 30, 2016.

D. Motion to Deem all Requests Admitted

Defendant served 18 requests for admission on Plaintiff on June 13, 2016. MTC, Exhs 1, 

4. Plaintiff did not object or respond to these requests and Defendant therefore asks the Court 

to deem all of the requests admitted. MTC at 3.

Rule 36 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure states that “[a] party may serve on any 

other party a written request to admit, for purposes of the pending action only, the truth of any 

matters within the scope of Rule 26(b)(1).” Fed. R. Civ. P. 36(a). Subsection (a)(4) requires 

one of three answers: (1) an admission; (2) a denial; or (3) a statement detailing why the 

answering party is unable to admit or deny the matter despite making a reasonable inquiry. See

Fed. R. Civ. P. 36(a)(4). Alternatively, a party may object to a requested admission. See Fed. 

R. Civ. P. 36(a)(5) (stating that “the grounds for objecting to a request must be stated. A party 

must not object solely on the ground that the request presents a genuine issue for trial”).

“A matter is admitted unless, within 30 days after being served, the party to whom the 

request is directed serves on the requesting party a written answer or objection addressed to 

the matter and signed by the party or its attorney.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 36(a)(3). If a party requesting 

an admission feels Rule 36 has not been met, that party may move to determine the sufficiency 

of the answer or objection. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 36(a)(6). “On finding that an answer does not 

comply with this rule, the court may order either that the matter is admitted or that an amended 

answer be served.” Id. An order deeming matters admitted is a “severe sanction.” Asea, Inc. 

v. Southern Pacific Transportation Co., 669 F.2d 1242, 1247 (9th Cir. 1981). “Even when a 

party’s answer [fails to comply] with the literal requirements of the Rule, courts generally order 

an amended answer rather than deem the matter admitted.” Id. However, where a party fails 

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to produce any response to requests for admission and there has been no request in good faith 

for an extension of time within which to respond, the requests for admissions shall be deemed 

admitted. Sylvan Learning Ctr. v. Gordon, 1998 WL 34064495, * 4 (D. New Jersey December 

15, 1998).

More than two months have passed since Defendant served the discovery requests and 

Plaintiff has not responded to Defendant’s RFAs. See MTC; see also Reply. Plaintiff has not 

provided any credible evidence that he did not receive the RFAs, that he responded to the RFAs, 

or that he requested an extension of time to respond to them. This failure is exacerbated by 

the fact that Plaintiff apparently made no effort to respond to the RFAs, even after Defendant 

filed his MTC, and Plaintiff did not address the specific discovery requests in his opposition. 

Given Plaintiff’s complete disregard for the discovery process and his failure to respond in any 

way to Defendant’s RFAs, the Court finds the “severe sanction” appropriate and GRANTS

Defendant’s motion and deems admitted all of the RFAs set forth in “Requests for Admission, 

Set One.”

E. Request for Sanctions

Defendant asks the Court to award sanctions it feels are just and fair against Plaintiff. 

MTC at 4. Plaintiff does not address Defendant’s request for sanctions in his opposition. See

Oppo.

Rule 37 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure “authorizes the district court, in its 

discretion, to impose a wide range of sanctions when a party fails to comply with the rules of 

discovery.” Wyle v. R.J. Reynolds Indus., Inc., 709 F.2d 585, 589 (9th Cir. 1983) (internal 

citations omitted). Under Rule 37(d)(3), a noncompliant party may be ordered to pay the other 

party’s “reasonable expenses” caused by the discovery abuse. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(d)(3). “With 

respect to pro se litigants, including those that are licensed attorneys, the general rule is that 

attorneys’ fees are not a payable ‘expense’ under Rule 37 ‘as there is no direct financial cost or 

charge associated with the expenditure of one’s own time.’” Surowiec v. Capital Title Agency, 

Inc., 790 F. Supp. 2d 997, 1011 (D. Ariz. 2011) (citing Pickholtz v. Rainbow Techs., Inc., 284 

F.3d 1365, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2002), Fosselman v. Gibbs, 2010 WL 1446661, *1 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 7, 

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2010), and Kay v. Ehrler, 499 U.S. 432, 438 (1991)). However, reasonable expenses under Rule 

37 may include “actual costs incurred as a result of the misconduct.” Fosselman, 2010 WL 

1446661 at *1. The Court’s inherent power permits awarding pro se litigants fees for the time 

spent challenging discovery misconduct, including bringing discovery motions. Surowiec, 790 F. 

Supp. 2d at 1011.

Defendant is not represented by counsel and he does not specify any actual costs incurred 

as a result of Plaintiff’s misconduct. The Court recognizes that Defendant had to file a motion 

to compel and reply, however, neither document was lengthy. Because the Court has granted 

all of Defendant’s requests, including deeming the RFAs admitted, the Court declines to impose 

monetary sanctions on Plaintiff at this time. However, Plaintiff is warned that any future failure 

to comply with court orders or discovery requests may result in the imposition of monetary 

and/or evidentiary sanctions.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the Court:

1) GRANTS Defendant’s request to compel the production of all documents described

in his “Requests for Production of Documents, Set One”;

2) GRANTS Defendant’s request to compel answers without objections to his 

“Interrogatories to John Browning, Set One”;

3) GRANTS Defendant’s request to deem admitted all RFAs set forth in his “Request for 

Admission, Set One”; and

4) DENIES Defendant’s request to impose sanctions against Plaintiff.

5) On or before September 30, 2016, Plaintiff must serve the interrogatory responses 

on Defendant and provide the responsive documents to Defendant.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: 9/15/2016

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