Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_12-cv-02927/USCOURTS-casd-3_12-cv-02927-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 830
Nature of Suit: Patent
Cause of Action: 35:271 Patent Infringement

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

GAMETEK LLC,

Plaintiff,

CASE NO. 12-CV-2927 BEN (RBB)

ORDER GRANTING MOTION

TO TRANSFER VENUE TO THE

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF

CALIFORNIA

[Docket No. 31]]

vs.

ELECTRONIC ARTS INC. D/B/A EA

INTERACTIVE D/B/A PLAYFISH

D/B/A POGO GAMES,

Defendant.

Presently before the Court is Defendant Electronic ArtsInc. d/b/a EA Interactive

d/b/a Playfish d/b/a Pogo Games’ Motion to Transfer Venue to the United States

District Court for the Northern District of California. (Docket No. 31.) For the reasons

stated below, the Motion is GRANTED.

BACKGROUND

Electronic Arts Inc. d/b/a EA Interactive d/b/a Playfish d/b/a Pogo Games

(“EA”) is a Delaware corporation, which has its headquarters and principal place of

business in Redwood City, California. (Evans Decl. ¶ 4.) GameTek LLC is a limited

liability company with its sole office in Newport Beach, California. (Haynes Decl.

¶ 2.) GameTek filed a Complaint against EA on December 10, 2012, alleging

infringement of U.S. Patent No. 7,076,445 (the ’445 Patent). (Docket No. 1.)

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DISCUSSION

“For the convenience of parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice, a district

court may transfer any civil action to any other district or division where it might have

been brought or to any district or division to which all parties have consented.” 28

U.S.C. § 1404(a). In deciding whether to transfer an action under § 1404(a), a court

must determine: (1) whether the transferee district is a district in which the action

“might have been brought,” and (2) whether the action should be transferred for

purposes of convenience, judicial economy, or in the interest of justice. Van Dusen v.

Barrack, 376 U.S. 612, 616 (1964).

I. WHERE THE ACTION “MIGHT HAVE BEEN BROUGHT”

The parties agree that the present suit might have been brought in the Northern

District of California. (Mot. at 8; Opp. at 7.)

II. CONVENIENCE, JUDICIAL ECONOMY, AND THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE

Next, the Court must determine whether the “convenience of the parties and

witnesses” and the “interest of justice” compel transferring venue. Factors relevant to

that determination include:

(1) the plaintiff’s choice of forum, (2) convenience to the parties, (3)

convenience to the witnesses, (4) ease of access to the evidence, (5)

familiarity of each forum with the applicable law, (6) the feasability of

consolidation with and relationship to other claims, (7) any local interest

in the controversy, and (8) the relative court congestion and time of trial

in each forum. 

Albertson v. Monumental Life Ins. Co., No. C-08-05441, 2009 WL 3870301, at *1

(N.D. Cal. Nov. 16, 2009) (citing Jones v. GNC Franchising, Inc., 211 F.3d 495,

498-99 (9th Cir. 2000)). 

A. Plaintiff’s Choice of Forum

GameTek’s choice of the Southern District as the forum is entitled to deference. 

However, courts have held that when a plaintiff brings suit in a jurisdiction that is not

its location of residence and lacks significant connection to the alleged infringement,

the deference is substantially reduced. See Inherent v. Martindale-Hubbell, 420 F.

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Supp. 2d 1093, 1100 (N.D. Cal. 2006). GameTek is not located in the Southern

District, and this forum lacks significant connection to the alleged infringement

involving EA. Therefore, while there is some deference to be accorded to GameTek’s

choice of forum, this factor only slightly favors retaining this action in the Southern

District.

B. Convenience to the Parties

EA has no operations or ties to the Southern District. EA is a Delaware

corporation and has its principal place of business in Redwood City. (Evans Decl. ¶

4.) EA does not have an office or studio in the Southern District. (Id. ¶ 11.) None of

the accused products were developed, designed, or operated fromthe SouthernDistrict. 

(Id. ¶¶ 6-7.) The games are also distributed and marketed outside of the Southern

District. (Id. ¶ 7.) As discussed below, the majority of EA’s California witnesses will

be from the Northern District. 

GameTek similarly lacks any significant contact with the Southern District. 

GameTek’s only place of business is located in the Central District. (Haynes Decl.

¶ 2.) As discussed below, the only two employees that GameTek lists in its Initial

Disclosures who may have relevant information are located in the Central District. In

addition, the prosecuting attorneys of the ’445 Patent and the alleged inventor are

located outside of the Southern District, and their attendance would be equally

inconvenient whether the case was tried in the Southern or Northern District. (Gaedt

Decl. ¶ 14, Exh. C.) 

Because the costs and inconvenience to GameTek would not be significantly

increased given a transfer, but the costs and inconvenience to EA would be

significantly reduced, this factor weighs in favor of transfer.

C. Convenience to the Witnesses

The convenience to the witnesses favors transfer to the Northern District. “To

show inconvenience to witnesses, the moving party should state the witnesses’

identities, locations, and content and relevance of their testimony.” Meyer Mfg. Co.

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Ltd. v. Telebrands Corp., No. CIV. S–11–3153, 2012 WL 1189765, at *6 (E.D. Cal.

Apr. 9, 2012). “The relative convenience to the witnesses is often recognized as the

most important factor to be considered in ruling on a motion under § 1404(a).” Saleh

v. Titan Corp., 361 F. Supp. 2d 1152, 1160 (S.D. Cal. 2005) (internal quotation marks

omitted). 

Based on the parties’ Initial Disclosures, most ofthe witnessesin this action will

likely be from EA, and most of EA’s California witnesses will be from the Northern

District. (Evans Decl. ¶ 7.) EA has identified twenty-two individuals as potential

technical witnesses who may testify “regarding the development, functionality,

operation, finance, and marketing of the accused products.” (Id.) Five of the seven

witnesses in California are located in the Northern District, and only two are located

in Southern California. (Id.) EA also identified fifteen potential witnesses from

outside the country or state who would experience less inconvenience if the litigation

were to occur in the Northern District, because they would be able to work out of EA’s

headquarters in Redwood City and take less time off work. (Id. ¶¶ 7, 17.) In addition,

severalrelevant Facebook employees who have knowledge of Facebook’s and Apple’s

interactions with EA are likely located at the headquarters of Facebook and

Apple—Menlo Park, California and Cupertino, California, respectively. (Id. ¶ 13.) On

the other hand, GameTek lists only two employees in its Initial Disclosures who may

have relevant information, and they are both located outside of the Southern District,

in the Central District. (Gaedt Decl., Exh. C.) 

Both parties agree that other relevant witnesses—including the inventor of the

’445 Patent and the attorneys who prosecuted the ’445 Patent—are all located outside

ofCalifornia, and their attendance would be equally inconvenient whether the case was

tried in the Southern or Northern District. (Id. ¶ 14, Exh. C.) Accordingly, this factor

weighs in favor of transfer.

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D. Ease of Access to the Evidence

Ease of accessto the evidence favors transfer to the Northern District. “In patent

infringement cases, the bulk of the relevant evidence usually comes from the accused

infringer. Consequently, the place where the defendant’s documents are kept weighs

in favor of transfer to that location.” In re Genentech, Inc., 566 F.3d 1338, 1345 (Fed.

Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks omitted). 

Because EA’s headquarters and office most related to the accused products are

located in the Northern District, most of EA’s computers, servers, source code, and

other documentation are either located in, or can be most easily accessed from, within

the Northern District. (Evans Decl. ¶¶ 8, 10.) EA does not maintain any records,

servers, offices, employees, or operations relevant to the accused products in the

Southern District. (Id. ¶¶ 6, 7, 11.) Moreover, any allegedly infringing actions related

to the accused products likely occurred outside of the Southern District because none

of the games at issue were developed, run, marketed, or distributed in the Southern

District. (Id. ¶¶ 6-7.) In addition, various aspects of in-app purchases, such as payment

processing functions, which are at issue in this case, are performed by Apple and

Facebook, and likely occurred in the Northern District. (Id. ¶¶ 13-14.)

First, GameTek argues that because all of its documents are in Newport Beach,

the Southern District is more convenient in terms of ease of access to evidence. 

Newport Beach is not located in the Southern District, but rather in the Central District. 

In addition, as a non-practicing entity, GameTek is unlikely to have a large number of

documents to produce. 

Second, GameTek argues that the majority of documents in this action will be

exchanged electronically, and since electronic files are easily transportable, no

additional burden would be incurred upon EA if the venue remains in the Southern

District. However, this does not weigh against transfer. “Although it is true that given

technological advances in document storage and retrieval, transporting documents

between districts does not generally create a burden, it is no less true that litigation

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should proceed where the case finds its center of gravity.” Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc. v.

D&M Chem., Inc., No. C 11-03955, 2011 WL 5362080, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 7, 2011)

(internal quotation marks, alteration, and citation omitted); see also In re TS Tech USA

Corp., 551 F.3d 1315, 1321 (Fed. Cir. 2008). The center of gravity of this dispute is

likely where EA islocated, which isthe Northern District. Accordingly, ease of access

to the evidence weighs in favor of transfer. 

E. Feasibility of Consolidation

Feasibility of consolidation is neutral. There are related cases pending in both

the Southern and Northern Districts. GameTek has brought suit against other

defendants in this Court, asserting the same patent. On the other hand, four other cases

involving the same patent—GameTek LLC v. Gameview Studios, LLC, Case No. 12-

CV-499, GameTek LLC v. Funzio, Inc., Case No. 12-CV-2928, GameTek LLC v.

RockYou, Inc., Case No. 12-CV-2936, and GameTek LLC V. Zynga Inc., Case No. 12-

CV-2933—have been transferred to the Northern District. In addition, motions to

transfer venue to the Northern District have been filed in two other related

cases—GameTek LLC v. Cie Games, Inc., Case No. 12-CV-2930, and GameTek LLC

v. Crowdstar International Limited, Case No. 12-CV-2931. At least four related

actions, therefore, will be litigated in the Northern District, meaning that a judge in the

Northern District will be familiar with the claims, prior art, and patent at issue here.

GameTek argues that EA improperly delayed filing the present Motion to

Transfer for five months. At the time the Motion to Transfer was filed, EA had yet to

serve its invalidity contentions and the parties had yet to begin the claim construction

process. In addition, GameTek is a non-practicing entity, meaning that it will not lose

sales proceeds during the pendency of this action and any damages to which it is

entitled may be adequately compensated at a future date. Thus, GameTek will not be

unduly prejudiced. Accordingly, this factor is neutral.

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F. Local Interest in the Controversy

The local interest in the controversy favors transfer to the Northern District. As

stated above, EA’s headquarters and other offices are located in the Northern District. 

(Evans Decl. ¶¶ 4-5.) In addition, some of the accused products were entirely designed

and developed at EA’s offices in the Northern District. (Id. ¶ 10.) Consequently, the

majority of employees familiar with the accused products and those most likely to be

affected by this litigation, are located in the Northern District. The Northern District

has a strong local interest in deciding this action.

On the other hand, the Southern District has no relation to the parties or the

alleged harm in this case, and therefore has no local interest in deciding this matter. 

Indeed, GameTek concedesthat the Northern District has a greater local interest in this

matter than the Southern District. (Opp. at 18.) Accordingly, this factor favors

transfer.

G. Remaining Factors

The remaining factors—familiarity of each forum with the law and court

congestion and time to trial—are either neutral orslightly favor transfer. First, because

the governing law isfederal patent law, the Southern and Northern Districts are equally

situated to decide the applicable legal issues. See TS Tech, 551 F.3d at 1320. Second,

the relative congestion of the dockets and speed of disposition weigh slightly in favor

of transfer. (See Gaedt Decl., Exh. O (showing that the median time from filing to

disposition of civil cases through trial was 30.3 months in the Southern District

compared to 25.3 months in the Northern District in 2011).) 

In light of the above, the Court finds that the convenience to the witnesses,

convenience to the parties, ease of access to evidence, and local interest in the

controversy outweigh the plaintiff’s choice of forum and compel transferring venue to

the Northern District.

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CONCLUSION

Accordingly, EA’s Motion to Transfer Venue is GRANTED. This action is

TRANSFERRED to the United States District Court for the Northern District of

California. 

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: July 23, 2013

Hon. Roger T. Benitez

United States District Judge

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