Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_11-cv-01266/USCOURTS-casd-3_11-cv-01266-1/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 540
Nature of Suit: Prisoner Petitions - Mandamus and Other
Cause of Action: 28:2241 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (federal)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

WILLIAM CECIL THORNTON, Civil No. 11-1266 JLS (PCL)

Petitioner,

ORDER: 

(1) CONSTRUING PETITION AS ONE

FILED PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 2254

(2) DISMISSING CASE 

WITHOUT PREJUDICE AND WITH

LEAVE TO AMEND, 

(3) DENYING MOTION FOR

EVIDENTIARY HEARING AS MOOT

[ECF No. 9], and 

(4) DENYING MOTION FOR ENTRY

OF DEFAULT AS MOOT [ECF No. 12.]

v.

MICHEAL STAINER, Warden

Respondent.

On June 8, 2011, Petitioner, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, filed a Petition for Writ

of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241, along with a prison trust fund account

statement. [ECF No. 1, 2]. By Order dated June 13, 2011, this Court construed Petitioner’s trust

fund account statement as a request to proceed in forma pauperis, and granted the request. [ECF

No. 3.] On March 1, 2012, Petitioner filed a Motion for Evidentiary Hearing, [ECF No. 9], and

on March 22, 2012, Petitioner filed a Motion for Entry of Default. [ECF Nos. 9, 12.] 

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CONSTRUING ACTION AS ONE PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 2254

Although Petitioner filed this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241, he is a state prisoner

attacking the validity of a state court conviction and sentence imposed by the state of California. 

Therefore, Petitioner may not proceed under section 2241, but may only proceed with a habeas

action in federal court under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. White v. Lambert, 370 F.3d 1002, 1006-07 (9th

Cir. 2004) (holding that section 2254 is the proper jurisdictional basis for a habeas petition

brought by an individual “in custody pursuant to a state court judgment”). Section 2254 is

properly understood as “in effect implement[ing] the general grant of habeas corpus authority

found in § 2241 as long as the person is in custody pursuant to the judgment of a state court, and

not in state custody for some other reason, such as pre-conviction custody, custody awaiting

extradition, or other forms of custody that are possible without a conviction.” [citations omitted.]

Id. at 1006 (quoting Walker v. O’Brien, 216 F.3d 626, 633 (7th Cir. 2000) (emphasis in

original). “By contrast, the general grant of habeas authority in § 2241 is available for challenges

by a state prisoner who is not in custody pursuant to a state court judgment-for example, a

defendant in pre-trial detention or awaiting extradition. In these situations, not covered by the

limitations in § 2254, the general grant of habeas authority provided by the Constitution and 

§ 2241 will provide jurisdiction for state prisoners' habeas claims.” Id. at 1006 (citing McNeely

v. Blanas, 336 F.3d 822 (9th Cir.2003) (allowing a pre-trial detainee to proceed under § 2241).

FAILURE TO STATE GROUNDS FOR RELIEF IN PETITION

Rule 2(c) of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases states that the petition “shall set

forth in summary form the facts supporting each of the grounds . . . specified [in the petition].” 

Rule 2(c), 28 U.S.C. foll. § 2254. See also Boehme v. Maxwell, 423 F.2d 1056, 1058 (9th Cir.

1970) (trial court’s dismissal of federal habeas proceeding affirmed where petitioner made

conclusory allegations instead of factual allegations showing that he was entitled to relief). 

Here, Petitioner has violated Rule 2(c). Although Petitioner does not fail to state generalized

constitutional grounds for relief, he does fail to provide specific factual allegations in support

of such grounds.

//

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While courts should liberally interpret pro se pleadings with leniency and understanding,

this should not place on the reviewing court the entire onus of ferreting out grounds for relief. 

Zichko v. Idaho, 247 F.3d 1015, 1020-21 (9th Cir. 2001). The Court finds that the Petition contains

conclusory allegations without any specific facts in support of relief.

The Court would have to engage in a tenuous analysis in order to attempt to identify and

make sense of the Petition. In order to satisfy Rule 2(c), Petitioner must point to a “real

possibility of constitutional error.” Cf. Blackledge v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63, 75 n.7 (1977)

(internal quotation marks omitted). Facts must be stated, in the petition, with sufficient detail

to enable the Court to determine, from the face of the petition, whether further habeas corpus

review is warranted. Adams v. Armontrout, 897 F.2d 332, 334 (8th Cir. 1990). Moreover, the

allegations should be sufficiently specific to permit the respondent to assert appropriate

objections and defenses. Harris v. Allen, 739 F. Supp. 564, 565 (W.D. Okla. 1989). Here, the

lack of grounds for relief in the Petition prevents the Respondent from being able to assert

appropriate objections and defenses.

Due to Petitioner’s unsatisfactory showing, the Court dismisses the action without

prejudice. Should Petitioner decide to file a new petition, he is advised to clearly and succinctly

state all grounds for relief using the First Amended Petition form sent to Petitioner with this

order.

FAILURE TO ALLEGE EXHAUSTION OF STATE JUDICIAL REMEDIES

Further, habeas petitioners who wish to challenge either their state court conviction or the

length of their confinement in state prison, must first exhaust state judicial remedies. 28 U.S.C.

§ 2254(b), (c); Granberry v. Greer, 481 U.S. 129, 133-34 (1987). To exhaust state judicial

remedies, a California state prisoner must present the California Supreme Court with a fair

opportunity to rule on the merits of every issue raised in his or her federal habeas petition. 28

U.S.C. § 2254(b), (c); Granberry, 481 U.S. at 133-34. Moreover, to properly exhaust state court

remedies a petitioner must allege, in state court, how one or more of his or her federal rights

have been violated. The Supreme Court in Duncan v. Henry, 513 U.S. 364 (1995) reasoned: 

“If state courts are to be given the opportunity to correct alleged violations of prisoners’ federal

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rights, they must surely be alerted to the fact that the prisoners are asserting claims under the

United States Constitution.” Id. at 365-66 (emphasis added). For example, “[i]f a habeas

petitioner wishes to claim that an evidentiary ruling at a state court trial denied him [or her] the

due process of law guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, he [or she] must say so, not only

in federal court, but in state court.” Id. at 366 (emphasis added).

Nowhere on the Petition does Petitioner allege that he raised his claims in the California

Supreme Court. If Petitioner has raised his claims in the California Supreme Court he must so

specify. “The burden of proving that a claim has been exhausted lies with the petitioner.” 

Matthews v. Evatt, 105 F.3d 907, 911 (4th Cir. 1997); see Breard v. Pruett, 134 F.3d 615, 619

(4th Cir. 1998); Lambert v. Blackwell, 134 F.3d 506, 513 (3d Cir. 1997); Oyler v. Allenbrand,

23 F.3d 292, 300 (10th Cir. 1994); Rust v. Zent, 17 F.3d 155, 160 (6th Cir. 1994).

Further, the Court cautions Petitioner that under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death

Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA) a one-year period of limitation shall apply to a petition for a writ

of habeas corpus by a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court. The

limitation period shall run from the latest of:

(A) the date on which the judgment became final by the

conclusion of direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking

such review;

(B) the date on which the impediment to filing an application

created by State action in violation of the Constitution or laws of the

United States is removed, if the applicant was prevented from filing

by such State action;

(C) the date on which the constitutional right asserted was

initially recognized by the Supreme Court, if the right has been

newly recognized by the Supreme Court and made retroactively

applicable to cases on collateral review; or

(D) the date on which the factual predicate of the claim or

claims presented could have been discovered through the exercise

of due diligence.

28 U.S.C.A. § 2244(d)(1)(A)-(D) (West Supp. 2002).

The statute of limitations does not run while a properly filed state habeas corpus petition

is pending. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2); see Nino v. Galaza, 183 F.3d 1003, 1006 (9th Cir. 1999). 

But see Artuz v. Bennett, 531 U.S. 4, 8 (2000) (holding that “an application is ‘properly filed’

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when its delivery and acceptance [by the appropriate court officer for placement into the record]

are in compliance with the applicable laws and rules governing filings.”). However, absent some

other basis for tolling, the statute of limitations does run while a federal habeas petition is

pending. Duncan v. Walker, 533 U.S. 167, 181-82 (2001).

Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases provides for summary dismissal of a

habeas petition “[i]f it plainly appears from the face of the petition and any exhibits annexed to

it that the petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district court . . .” Rule 4, 28 U.S.C. foll.

§ 2254. Here, it appears plain from the Petition that Petitioner is not presently entitled to federal

habeas relief because he has not alleged exhaustion of state court remedies.

CONCLUSION AND ORDER

Based on the foregoing, the Court CONSTRUES this action as one filed pursuant to 28

U.S.C. § 2254, and DISMISSES the petition without prejudice and with leave to amend for

Petitioner’s failure to state grounds for relief in the petition, and allege exhaustion of state court

remedies. Further, the Court DENIES Petitioner’s request for an evidentiary hearing as moot,

and DENIES Petitioner’s request for entry of default as moot. If Petitioner wishes to proceed

with this case, he must submit, no later than May 29, 2012, a copy of this Order along with a

First Amended Petition which cures the pleading deficiencies noted above. The Clerk of Court

is directed to send Petitioner a First Amended Petition form along with a copy of this Order.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: April 5, 2012

Honorable Janis L. Sammartino

United States District Judge

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