Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ca8-04-02803/USCOURTS-ca8-04-02803-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 

---

United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

___________

No. 04-2803

___________

John Quincy Adams, *

*

Appellant, *

*

v. * Appeal from the United States

* District Court for the

Denis Agniel, Chair; Department of * Eastern District of Missouri.

Probation and Parole; Jim Yonker, *

District Administrator D.O.C.; Steve * [PUBLISHED]

Long, Assistant Director (Zone 1) *

D.O.C., *

*

Appellees. *

___________

Submitted: March 7, 2005

Filed: May 2, 2005

___________

Before BYE, RILEY, and COLLOTON, Circuit Judges.

___________

PER CURIAM.

John Quincy Adams appeals the district court’s dismissal of his complaint filed

under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Adams, a Missouri inmate, was denied parole based on what

he claims are erroneous factual determinations about his past drug and alcohol abuse.

He sought damages and equitable relief in the form of corrections to his parole record.

The district court dismissed Adams’s action as frivolous under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(e)(2)(B), interpreting the complaint as requesting early release, which could

Appellate Case: 04-2803 Page: 1 Date Filed: 05/02/2005 Entry ID: 1897774
-2-

be obtained only through a petition for writ of habeas corpus. We conclude that the

district court correctly dismissed any claim for damages, but erred in dismissing the

complaint for equitable relief on the ground stated. We nevertheless affirm the

dismissal, because Adams failed to state a claim under section 1983.

If Adams were attacking the validity of his confinement, his claim could be

properly pursued only through a habeas action after exhausting state remedies. See

Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 491-92 (1973). But Adams is requesting

corrections to his parole record, rather than challenging the legality of his sentence

or seeking immediate or speedier release. Thus, the case falls within the narrow class

of cases in which a prisoner can file a section 1983 action seeking equitable relief.

See Wilkinson v. Dotson, 125 S. Ct. 1242, 1245 (2005); Otey v. Hopkins, 5 F.3d 1125,

1130-32 (8th Cir. 1993). 

In this case, however, it is evident that Adams cannot prove facts that would

entitle him to relief under section 1983. See Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46

(1957). The Supreme Court held in Greenholtz v. Nebraska Penal Inmates, 442 U.S.

1, 9-11 (1979), that an inmate does not have a constitutionally-protected liberty

interest in the possibility of parole, and our court has held that the Missouri parole

statutes “create no liberty interest” under state law in the parole board’s discretionary

decisions. Marshall v. Mitchell, 57 F.3d 671, 673 (8th Cir. 1995). 

There is reason to question whether a prisoner has any other basis for a

constitutional claim to correct information in a parole file, see Johnson v. Rodriguez,

110 F.3d 299, 308-09 & n.13 (5th Cir. 1997), but that issue has not been briefed and

argued in this case. Assuming, arguendo, that such a claim might be viable in an

extreme case, Adams attached exhibits to his complaint that refute any claim that the

State acted arbitrarily, or knowingly used false information, to deny Adams parole.

These exhibits included information that Adams provided “a self-reported history of

alcohol abuse,” that he told prison staff that his sexual abuse charges often stemmed

Appellate Case: 04-2803 Page: 2 Date Filed: 05/02/2005 Entry ID: 1897774
-3-

from alcohol use, that Adams “acknowledged periods of daily intoxication, blackouts

for days and weeks at a time, alcohol abuse when depressed, and attendance at

Alcoholics Anonymous meetings following [his] previous prison sentence for Sexual

Assault,” and that Adams acknowledged he was intoxicated when he committed a

sexual assault. While Adams alleges that the parole board made a determination that

was “unreasonable” and “egregious,” that he has never been arrested for alcohol

abuse, and that he has no “alcohol problem,” he does not assert that his own exhibits

detailing his self-reported involvement with alcohol include false information.

Accordingly, we affirm the dismissal on this alternative ground. See Miller v.

Benson, 51 F.3d 166, 170 (8th Cir. 1995).

______________________________

Appellate Case: 04-2803 Page: 3 Date Filed: 05/02/2005 Entry ID: 1897774