Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-cand-3_15-cv-00849/USCOURTS-cand-3_15-cv-00849-3/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 530
Nature of Suit: Prisoner Petitions - Habeas Corpus
Cause of Action: 28:2254 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (State)

---

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

ROBERTO ANTONIO MENDOZA,

Petitioner,

v.

S. FRAUENHEIM,

Respondent.

Case No. 15-cv-00849-VC (PE)

ORDER DENYING WITHOUT 

PREJUDICE MOTION FOR LEAVE TO 

FILE SUPPLEMENTAL PETITION, 

REQUESTING CLARIFICATION 

FROM PETITIONER RE: 

EXHAUSTION AND VACATING 

BRIEFING SCHEDULE

Re: Dkt. No. 11

Petitioner Roberto Antonio Mendoza, a state prisoner, filed a pro se petition for a writ of 

habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. On March 16, 2015, the Court issued an order for 

Respondent to show cause why the petition should not be granted. Respondent’s answer is due by 

July 10, 2015. On June 12, 2015, Mendoza filed a motion for leave to file a supplemental petition. 

Dkt. No. 11. For the reasons discussed below, this motion is denied without prejudice, Petitioner 

is directed to provide clarification regarding the exhaustion of his new claims, and the briefing 

schedule on the petition is vacated.

In his motion, Mendoza indicates that he is seeking to make “only technical changes from 

errors in the initial federal pleading and to include five additional claims.” The motion appears to 

list ten, not five, additional claims. Mendoza argues that his “technical” changes will not 

prejudice Respondent. However, the inclusion of ten, or even five, additional claims is a 

substantial change which will prejudice Respondent. Not only would Respondent have to address 

many new claims at this late date, he would be unable to do so by the July 10, 2015 deadline.

On the other hand, if Petitioner has additional meritorious claims, he is justified in 

requesting to add them to his petition because, under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death 

Penalty Act, successive petitions are discouraged. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(3)(A) (to file a 

Case 3:15-cv-00849-VC Document 12 Filed 07/06/15 Page 1 of 6
2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

successive petition, petitioner must obtain an order from the Court of Appeals authorizing district 

court to consider it). 

However, before the Court grants the request to amend the petition, Petitioner must show 

that the additional claims are exhausted. From the state court petition Mendoza submits with his 

original petition, they do not appear to be exhausted. 

Prisoners in state custody who wish to challenge collaterally in federal habeas proceedings 

either the fact or length of their confinement are first required to exhaust state judicial remedies, 

either on direct appeal or through collateral proceedings, by presenting the highest state court 

available with a fair opportunity to rule on the merits of each and every claim they seek to raise in 

federal court. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b), (c); Rose v. Lundy, 455 U.S. 509, 515-16 (1982). To 

comply with the fair presentation requirement, a claim must be raised at every level of appellate 

review; raising a claim for the first time on discretionary review to the state’s highest court is 

insufficient. Casey v. Moore, 386 F.3d 896, 918 (9th Cir. 2004). In order to appropriately exhaust 

his factual allegations in state court, a petitioner must present a “thorough description of the 

operative facts before the highest state court.” Kelly v. Small, 315 F.3d 1063, 1069 (9th Cir. 

2002), overruled on other grounds by Robbins v. Carey, 481 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2007). Even 

though nonexhaustion is an affirmative defense, the petitioner bears the burden of proof that state 

judicial remedies were properly exhausted. Parker v. Kelchner, 429 F.3d 58, 62 (3d Cir. 2005); 

Caver v. Straub, 349 F.3d 340, 345 (6th Cir. 2003).

If Mendoza’s additional claims are not exhausted, he may elect either to proceed with only

his exhausted claims or to exhaust the unexhausted claims before having this Court consider all his 

claims. Accordingly, Mendoza must choose whether he wants to:

(1) withdraw his request to amend his petition with unexhausted claims and proceed with 

only the exhausted claims in his petition, or 

Case 3:15-cv-00849-VC Document 12 Filed 07/06/15 Page 2 of 6
3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

(2) dismiss this action and return to state court to exhaust all claims before filing a new 

federal petition presenting all of his claims, or 

(3) file a motion for a stay of these proceedings while he exhausts his unexhausted claims 

in state court. 

Mendoza is cautioned that each option has risks. If he chooses option (1) and goes forward 

with only his exhausted claims, he may face dismissal of any later-filed petition. See 28 U.S.C. 

§ 2244(b). If he chooses option (2), dismissing this action and returning to state court to exhaust 

all claims before filing a new federal petition, his new federal petition might be rejected as timebarred. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d). Under option (3), his federal case will be administratively 

closed while he is diligently seeking relief in state court. If he chooses option (3), he must file a 

motion in this Court to obtain a stay and, if the motion is granted, must act diligently to file a 

petition with his unexhausted claims in the state courts, obtain a decision from the state courts on 

his unexhausted claims, and then file a motion to reopen his case and proceed with his petition in 

this Court. 

A stay and abeyance “is only appropriate when the district court determines there was good 

cause for the petitioner's failure to exhaust his claims first in state court,” the claims are not 

meritless, and there are no intentionally dilatory litigation tactics by the petitioner. Rhines v. 

Weber, 544 U.S. 269, 277-78 (2005). 

An alternate stay procedure exists for a petitioner who has some unexhausted claims he 

wants to present in his federal habeas action, but it may present statute of limitations problems for 

claims that are not sufficiently related to the claims in the original petition. Under the procedure 

outlined in Kelly, 315 F.3d at 1070-71, “(1) a petitioner amends his petition to delete any 

unexhausted claims; (2) the court stays and holds in abeyance the amended, fully exhausted 

petition, allowing the petitioner the opportunity to proceed to state court to exhaust the deleted 

claims; and (3) the petitioner later amends his petition and re-attaches the newly-exhausted claims 

Case 3:15-cv-00849-VC Document 12 Filed 07/06/15 Page 3 of 6
4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

to the original petition.” King v. Ryan, 564 F.3d 1133, 1135 (9th Cir. 2009) (citing Kelly, 315 

F.3d at 1070-71). A petitioner seeking to avail himself of the Kelly three-step procedure is not 

required to show good cause as under Rhines, but rather must show that the amendment of any 

newly exhausted claims back into the petition satisfies both Mayle v. Felix, 545 U.S. 644, 655 

(2005), by sharing a “common core of operative facts” and Duncan v. Walker, 533 U.S. 167 

(2001), by complying with the statute of limitations. King, 564 F.3d at 1141-43.

Any stay must be limited in time to avoid indefinite delay. Rhines, 544 U.S. at 277-78. 

Reasonable time limits would be 30 days to get to state court, as long as necessary for the state 

courts to adjudicate the claims, and 30 days to get back to federal court (if necessary) after the 

final ruling on the claims by the state courts. Id. at 278; Kelly, 315 F.3d at 1071. If Mendoza 

moves for a stay, he must show that he satisfies the Rhines criteria or must comply with the 

King/Kelly requirements.

CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing, the Court orders as follows:

1. Within twenty-eight days from the date of this order, Mendoza must file a declaration 

indicating whether the new claims he wishes to add in an amended petition are exhausted. If they 

are exhausted, he may file an amended petition including all of his exhausted claims. If they are 

unexhausted, he must clarify how he wishes to proceed with his unexhausted claims. If he 

chooses option three, he must concurrently file a motion for a stay of this action while he exhausts 

his unexhausted claims in state court. 

2. If Mendoza does not respond within twenty-eight days, the Court will assume he 

chooses option 1, to withdraw his motion for leave to amend and to proceed with his original 

petition. 

3. The briefing schedule for Respondent’s answer is vacated. A new briefing schedule will 

be issued when Mendoza clarifies how he wishes to proceed. 

Case 3:15-cv-00849-VC Document 12 Filed 07/06/15 Page 4 of 6
5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

4. This Order terminates docket number 11.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: July 6, 2015

______________________________________

VINCE CHHABRIA

United States District Judge

Case 3:15-cv-00849-VC Document 12 Filed 07/06/15 Page 5 of 6
6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

ROBERTO ANTONIO MENDOZA,

Plaintiff,

v.

S. FRAUENHEIM,

Defendant.

Case No. 15-cv-00849-VC 

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I, the undersigned, hereby certify that I am an employee in the Office of the Clerk, U.S. 

District Court, Northern District of California.

That on July 6, 2015, I SERVED a true and correct copy(ies) of the attached, by placing 

said copy(ies) in a postage paid envelope addressed to the person(s) hereinafter listed, by 

depositing said envelope in the U.S. Mail, or by placing said copy(ies) into an inter-office delivery 

receptacle located in the Clerk's office.

Roberto Antonio Mendoza ID: CDCR # AH-2211

Pleasant Valley State Prison

A3-215

P.O. Box 8500

Coalinga, CA 93210 

Dated: July 6, 2015

Richard W. Wieking

Clerk, United States District Court

By:________________________

Kristen Melen, Deputy Clerk to the 

Honorable VINCE CHHABRIA

Case 3:15-cv-00849-VC Document 12 Filed 07/06/15 Page 6 of 6