Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_22-cv-00368/USCOURTS-caed-1_22-cv-00368-3/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 320
Nature of Suit: Assault, Libel, and Slander
Cause of Action: 28:1332 Diversity-Libel,Assualt,Slander

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

MARKUS HEITKOETTER, et al.,

Plaintiffs,

v.

KARL DOMM,

Defendant.

Case No. 1:22-cv-0368-AWI-BAM

ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’

MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT

ECF No. 26

Currently pending before the Court is a motion to amend the first amended complaint filed 

by Plaintiffs Markus Heitkoetter and Rockwell Trading Services, LLC (“Plaintiffs”) on December 

22, 2022. (Doc. 26.) Defendant Karl Domm (“Defendant”) filed a statement of non-opposition to 

Plaintiffs’ motion to amend the first amended complaint. (Doc. 30.) 

Based on the absence of opposition, the matter is deemed submitted on the record without 

the need for oral argument pursuant to Local Rule 230(g). Having considered the unopposed

motion and the record in this case, Plaintiffs’ motion for leave to amend will be GRANTED. 

DISCUSSION

Plaintiff’s motion to amend, which was filed prior to issuance of a Scheduling Order 

deadline, is considered under the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15 standard for amendment to 

the pleadings. See Johnson v. Mammoth Recreations, Inc., 975 F.2d 604 (9th Cir. 1992) (holding 

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that motion to amend filed after pretrial scheduling order deadline must satisfy the requirements 

of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16). Rule 15(a) provides that a court “should freely give leave 

[to amend] when justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). The United States Supreme Court 

has stated:

[i]n the absence of any apparent or declared reason—such as undue delay, bad faith 

or dilatory motive on the part of the movant, repeated failure to cure deficiencies 

by amendments previously allowed, undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue 

of allowance of the amendment, futility of amendment, etc. —the leave sought 

should, as the rules require, be “freely given.” 

Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962). The intent of the rule is to “facilitate decision on the 

merits, rather than on the pleadings or technicalities.” Chudacoff v. Univ. Med. Center of S. Nev., 

649 F.3d 1143, 1152 (9th Cir. 2011). Consequently, the “policy of favoring amendments to 

pleadings should be applied with ‘extreme liberality.’” United States v. Webb, 655 F.2d 977, 979 

(9th Cir. 1981). 

Courts consider five factors in determining whether justice requires allowing amendment 

under Rule 15(a): “bad faith, undue delay, prejudice to the opposing party, futility of amendment, 

and whether the plaintiff has previously amended the complaint.” Johnson v. Buckley, 356 F.3d 

1067, 1077 (9th Cir. 2004) (citation omitted); Bonin v. Calderon, 59 F.3d 815, 845 (9th Cir. 

1995) (citing Western Shoshone Nat’l Council v. Molini, 951 F.2d 200, 204 (9th Cir. 1991)). 

These factors are not of equal weight as prejudice to the opposing party has long been held to be 

the most critical factor in determining whether to grant leave to amend. Eminence Capital, LLC 

v. Aspeon, Inc., 316 F.3d 1048, 1052 (9th Cir. 2003) (“As this circuit and others have held, it is 

the consideration of prejudice to the opposing party that carries the greatest weight”); Jackson v. 

Bank of Hawaii, 902 F.2d 1385, 1387 (9th Cir. 1990) (“Prejudice to the opposing party is the 

most important factor.”). Absent prejudice, or a strong showing of any of the remaining factors, a 

presumption exists under Rule 15(a) in favor of granting leave to amend. Eminence Capital, 316 

F.3d at 1052.

Defendant has filed a statement of non-opposition to the motion to amend. Having 

considered the moving papers as well as Defendant’s non-opposition, the Court finds that there 

will be little prejudice to Defendant in permitting the amendment. The Court additionally finds 

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that Plaintiff has not unduly delayed in seeking to amend the complaint, the amendment is not 

brought in bad faith, and there is no indication that such amendment is futile. Accordingly, leave 

to amend will be granted.

CONCLUSION AND ORDER

For the reasons discussed above, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 

1. Plaintiff’s Motion to Amend Complaint (Doc. 26) is GRANTED; 

2. The Clerk of Court is directed to file the lodged Second Amended Complaint 

(Doc. 26-2, Exhibit B at pp. 20-34); and 

3. Defendant shall file an answer or other responsive pleading in compliance with the 

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and any relevant Local Rules following electronic service of the 

Second Amended Complaint. 

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: January 4, 2023 /s/ Barbara A. McAuliffe _

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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