Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ca8-05-01187/USCOURTS-ca8-05-01187-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 360
Nature of Suit: Other Personal Injury
Cause of Action: 

---

United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

___________

No. 05-1187

___________

In re: Derailment Cases *

_____________________ *

*

Anna Stachon; Roger McCarville; *

McCarville-Stachon, Inc., also known *

as Capri Motel; Larry Hill; Ruth Heil; *

Ernest Heil; Plaintiffs Charlotte Zephier, *

Individually and as natural guardian *

and next friend of Freeman Zephier; *

Freeman Zephier, By and through his * Appeal from the United States

natural guardian and best friend; Connie * District Court for the

Colton-Graves, Individually and as * District of Nebraska.

natural guardian and next friend of Kyle *

Graves; Kyle Graves, By and through *

his natural guardian and next friend *

Connie Colton-Graves; Theresa Wallace,*

Individually and as natural guardian and *

next friend of Derek Wallace, Kyle *

Wallace and Brady Wallace; Derek *

Wallace, By and through his natural *

guardian and next friend; Kyle Wallace, *

By and through his natural guardian and *

next friend; Brady Wallace, By and *

through his natural guardian and next *

friend; Laurinda Stauffer, Individually *

 and as natural guardian and next *

friend; Frank Gonzales, Individually *

and as next friend; Brandon Gonzales, *

By and through his next friend; *

Andrew Stauffer-Gonzales, By and *

through his natural guardian and next *

Appellate Case: 05-1187 Page: 1 Date Filed: 08/02/2005 Entry ID: 1935187
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friend; Janet Craven, Individually and as*

natural guardian and next friend; *

Adrianna Packard, by and through her *

natural guardian and next friend; Serena *

Packard; Joni Olsen, Individually and as *

natural guardian and next friend; Kristen*

Olsen, By and through her natural *

guardian and next friend; Amy Olsen; *

Rebecca Olsen, By and through her *

natural guardian and next friend; *

Yolanda Garcia; Doris Young; *

Lawrence Kessler, Individually and as *

natural guardian and next friend of *

Chelsea Kessler and Logan Kessler; *

Marian Kessler, Individually and as *

natural guardian and next friend of *

Chelsea Kessler and Logan Kessler; *

Chelsea Kessler, By and through her *

natural guardians Lawrence Kessler and *

Marian Kessler; Logan Kessler, By and *

through his natural guardians Lawrence *

Kessler and Marian Kessler; Jami Olsen,*

Individually and as natural guardian *

and next friend of Aubbrianna Olsen; *

Aubbrianna Olsen, By and through her *

natural guardian and best friend; Judy *

Schnell, Individually and as natural *

guardian and next friend of Thorne *

Schnell and Alyssa Schnell Voorhees; *

Warren Voorhees, Individually; Thorn *

Schnell, By and through his natural *

guardian, Judy Schnell; Alyssa Schnell- *

Voorhees, By and through her natural *

guardian, Judy Schnell; Mary St. Onge; *

Jeff Wallace, Individually; Cleta *

Gable-Nuss, *

*

Appellate Case: 05-1187 Page: 2 Date Filed: 08/02/2005 Entry ID: 1935187
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Plaintiffs/Appellants, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, a Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, Inc., *

A Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

*

Anna Stachon; Roger McCarville; *

McCarville-Stachon, Inc., also known *

as Capri Motel, *

*

Plaintiffs, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, a Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, Inc., *

*

Defendants. *

_____________________ *

*

Larry Hill, *

*

Plaintiff, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, a Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, Inc., *

a Montana Corporation, *

Defendants. *

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_____________________ *

*

Ruth Heil; Ernest Heil, *

*

Plaintiffs, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company; Montana Rail *

Link, Inc., *

*

Defendants. *

_____________________ *

*

Charlotte Zephier, Individually and as *

natural guardian and next friend of *

Freeman Zephier; Freeman Zephier, *

By and through his natural guardian *

and best friend, *

*

Plaintiffs/Appellants, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, A Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, *

A Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

*

Connie Colton-Graves, Individually and *

as Natural Guardian and Next Friend of *

Kyle Graves; Kyle Graves, By and *

Through His Natural Guardian and Next *

Appellate Case: 05-1187 Page: 4 Date Filed: 08/02/2005 Entry ID: 1935187
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Friend Connie Colton-Graves, *

*

Plaintiffs/Appellants, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, A Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, A *

Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

*

Theresa Wallace, Individually and as *

natural guardian and next friend of *

Derek Wallace, Kyle Wallace and Brady*

Wallace; Derek Wallace, by and through*

his natural guardian and next friend; *

Kyle Wallace, by and through his *

natural guardian and next friend; Brady *

Wallace, by and through his natural *

guardian and next friend, *

*

Plaintiffs/Appellants, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, A Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, *

A Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

*

Appellate Case: 05-1187 Page: 5 Date Filed: 08/02/2005 Entry ID: 1935187
-6-

Laurinda Stauffer, Individually, and as *

Natural Guardian and Next Friend; *

Frank Gonzales, Individually and as *

Next Friend; Brandon Gonzales, by and *

through his Next Friend; Andrew *

Stauffer-Gonzales, by and through his *

Natural Guardian and Next Friend, *

*

Plaintiffs/Appellants, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company; Montana Rail Link, *

Inc., a Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

*

Janet Craven, Individually and as *

Natural Guardian and Next Friend; *

Adrianna Packard, by and through her *

Natural Guardian and Next Friend; *

Serena Packard, by and through her *

Natural Guardian and Next Friend, *

*

Plaintiffs/Appellants, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, a Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, Inc., *

a Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

Appellate Case: 05-1187 Page: 6 Date Filed: 08/02/2005 Entry ID: 1935187
-7-

*

Joni Olsen, Individually and as Natural *

Guardian and Next Friend; Kristen *

Olsen, by and through her Natural *

Guardian and Next Friend; Amy Olsen, *

by and through her Natural Guardian *

and Next Friend; Rebecca Olsen, by and *

through her Natural Guardian and Next *

Friend, *

*

Plaintiffs/Appellants, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company; Montana Rail Link, *

Inc., a Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

*

Yolanda Garcia, *

*

Plaintiff/Appellant, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, a Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, Inc., *

a Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

*

Appellate Case: 05-1187 Page: 7 Date Filed: 08/02/2005 Entry ID: 1935187
-8-

Doris Young, *

*

Plaintiff/Appellant, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, a Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, Inc., *

a Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

*

Lawrence Kessler, Individually, and as * 

natural guardian and next of friend of *

Chelsea Kessler and Logan Kessler; *

Marian Kessler, Individually and as *

natural guardian and next of friend of *

Chelsea Kessler and Logan Kessler; *

Chelsea Kessler, by and through her *

natural guardians Lawrence Kessler *

and Marian Kessler; Logan Kessler, *

by and through his natural guardians *

Lawrence Kessler and Marian Kessler, *

*

Plaintiffs/Appellants, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, a Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, *

a Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

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-9-

*

Jami Olsen, Individually and as natural *

guardian and next friend of Aubbrianna *

Olsen; Aubbrianna Olsen, By and *

through her natural guardian and best *

friend, *

*

Plaintiffs/Appellants, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, A Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, *

A Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

*

Judy Schnell, Individually and as natural*

guardian and next friend of Thorn *

Schnell and Alyssa Schnell-Voorhees; *

Warren Voorhees, Individually; Thorn *

Schnell, by and through his natural *

guardian, Judy Schnell; Alyssa Schnell- *

Voorhees, by and through her natural *

guardian, Judy Schnell, *

*

Plaintiffs/Appellants, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, a Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

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-10-

*

Mary St. Onge, *

*

Plaintiff/Appellant, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, A Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, Inc., *

a Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

*

Jeff Wallace, individually, *

*

Plaintiff/Appellant, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, a Delaware *

Corporation; Montana Rail Link, *

a Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

_____________________ *

*

Cleta Gable-Nuss, *

*

Plaintiff/Appellant, *

*

v. *

*

Burlington Northern and Santa Fe *

Railway Company, a Delaware *

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Corporation; Montana Rail Link, Inc., *

a Montana Corporation, *

*

Defendants/Appellees. *

___________

Submitted: May 11, 2005

Filed: August 2, 2005 (corrected August 11, 2005)

___________

Before WOLLMAN, BYE, and COLLOTON, Circuit Judges.

___________

WOLLMAN, Circuit Judge.

Various residents of Scottsbluff, Nebraska (Plaintiffs) appeal from the district

court’s award of costs to the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railroad (BNSF) and

Montana Rail Link (MRL). We vacate and remand. 

I.

Plaintiffs filed suits against BNSF and MRL in Nebraska state court following

a November 4, 2000, train derailment. BNSF and MRL removed the suits to federal

court and the district court consolidated the cases. In an opinion filed this day, we

affirmed the district court’s resolution of most of these cases (certain claims from one

case remain pending) in Hill v. Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Co., No.

04-2053 (8th Cir. August 2, 2005). The district court also concluded that BNSF and

MRL were prevailing parties under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(d) and

awarded them costs of $3,912.80 and $3,840.73, respectively. Plaintiffs appeal from

the award of those costs. 

II.

We review the district court’s award of costs for abuse of discretion. Bathke

v. Casey’s Gen. Stores, Inc., 64 F.3d 340, 347 (8th Cir. 1995) (citation omitted). A

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prevailing party is presumptively entitled to recover all of its costs. Fed. R. Civ. P.

54(d); Concord Boat Corp. v. Brunswick Corp., 309 F.3d 494, 497 (8th Cir. 2002).

We review de novo the legal question of whether a litigant is a prevailing party.

Jenkins v. Missouri, 127 F.3d 709, 713 (8th Cir. 1997). We have previously upheld

the award of costs under Rule 54(d) to a party that prevailed on summary judgment.

See, e.g., Bathke, 64 F.3d at 347. 

A.

Plaintiffs assert that neither BNSF nor MRL is a prevailing party. The district

court’s summary judgment ruling left open certain claims raised in one of the

consolidated cases (the Stachon case). Those claims, which allege constitutional

violations on the part of BNSF, are the only claims still pending in this consolidated

litigation. Because the remaining claims do not name MRL as a defendant and

because all other claims brought against MRL have been resolved in its favor, MRL

is a prevailing party. Similarly, BNSF is a prevailing party with respect to all

consolidated plaintiffs except the Stachon plaintiffs. 

We are unable to determine, however, whether BNSF is a prevailing party

against the Stachon plaintiffs. Because the general rule is that parties against whom

costs are ordered are jointly and severally liable for those costs, Concord Boat, 309

F.3d at 497 (citation omitted), if BNSF is ultimately deemed a prevailing party

against the Stachon plaintiffs, then those plaintiffs, along with the other consolidated

plaintiffs, will be jointly and severally liable for BNSF’s costs. If, on the other hand,

BNSF is not designated a prevailing party against the Stachon plaintiffs, then they

will have no liability for the award of costs to BNSF. 

The district court clerk excepted the Stachon plaintiffs from its orders awarding

costs to BNSF and to MRL. Because MRL is a prevailing party against each of the

consolidated plaintiffs, the clerk erred in excluding the Stachon plaintiffs from the

award of costs to MRL. Similarly, because it is possible that the Stachon plaintiffs

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will ultimately be liable for the award of costs to BNSF when their pending claims

have been resolved, it was also error for the clerk to exclude them from the award of

costs to BNSF. But it would have been equally erroneous for the clerk to have

included the Stachon plaintiffs in that cost award. The most practical resolution of

this dilemma is for the district court to hold in abeyance its award of costs to BNSF

until the Stachon claims have been resolved. At that point, the district court will be

able to determine whether the Stachon plaintiffs should be named in the order

awarding costs to BNSF. 

B.

Plaintiffs argue that, regardless of whether BNSF and MRL are prevailing

parties, the district court should have refrained from awarding costs because of the

economic disparities between Plaintiffs and the two defendants. We have upheld the

award of costs under Rule 54(d) in similar situations in which the district court

considered the economic hardship of the parties against whom costs were assessed.

See Lampkins v. Thompson, 337 F.3d 1009, 1017 (8th Cir. 2003) (award of costs to

federal law enforcement agents and against indigent prisoners); Cross v. General

Motors Corp., 721 F.2d 1152, 1157 (8th Cir. 1983) (award of costs to major

corporation and against individual plaintiff of “limited financial resources”).

Although the district court did not explicitly consider Plaintiffs’ financial situation,

we presume that it was not unaware of the economic disparities between residents of

a small Nebraska town and two corporate defendants. Accordingly, we conclude that

the district court implicitly considered Plaintiffs’ financial means and that its decision

to award costs was not an abuse of its discretion.

III.

Plaintiffs allege that the district court should have compelled another attorney

who had previously been involved in this litigation to hand over certain client files.

As Plaintiffs’ counsel conceded at oral argument, the need for client files is moot in

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1

Plaintiffs argued in their reply brief and at oral argument that the cost award

to MRL should have been offset by the $1,500 sanction imposed by the district court

against MRL for an earlier discovery violation. It is unclear whether the consolidated

plaintiffs against whom the cost award was imposed should be given credit for the

amount of the sanction. On remand, the district court should consider what effect, if

any, the sanction has on MRL’s cost award. 

-14-

light of our decision in case No. 04-2053. Plaintiffs remaining arguments are either

raised for the first time on appeal or otherwise without merit.

IV.

The orders awarding costs to BNSF and MRL are vacated and the case is

remanded with direction to add the Stachon plaintiffs to the order awarding costs to

MRL1

 and to hold in abeyance the order awarding costs to BNSF until the Stachon

plaintiffs’ remaining claims have been resolved.

______________________________

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