Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-2_90-cv-00520/USCOURTS-caed-2_90-cv-00520-946/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 

RALPH COLEMAN, et al., 

Plaintiffs, 

v. 

EDMUND G. BROWN, JR., et al., 

Defendants. 

No. 2:90-cv-0520 KJM DB P 

ORDER 

 On August 9, 2016, the court directed identification and implementation within six 

months of a comprehensive strategy to achieve successful collaboration between custody and 

mental health staff at all prisons that house seriously mentally ill inmates. ECF No. 5477 at 7, 9. 

That six-month period ended February 9, 2017. In his Twenty-Seventh Round Monitoring 

Report, the Special Master reported that defendants, working through the All-Parties Workgroup 

(APW) supervised by the Special Master, completed development of the Custody and Mental 

Health Partnership Plan (CMHPP), including training materials. ECF No. 5779 at 145.1

 

However, although the court’s August 9, 2016 order should have been complied with shortly after 

the end of the twenty-seventh monitoring round, the Special Master also reported a reduction in 

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1

 References to page numbers in this order are to the page numbers assigned by the Court’s 

Electronic Case Filing System (ECF) and located at the upper righthand corner of each page. 

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the number of institutions scheduled for initial implementation of the CMHPP, and that no large 

complex institution has been included in this trial implementation. Id. at 106. 

 In its July 12, 2018 order on the Twenty-Seventh Round Monitoring Report, the 

court confirmed the critical role of completion of cultural collaboration training to the remedy in 

this case. See ECF No. 5852 at 5. The court signaled its intention “to set new firm timelines for 

completion of this” training. Id. The order directed defendants to file, within sixty days, 

a report with the court updating the status of implementation of the 

CMHPP at every institution that houses seriously mentally ill 

inmates. If implementation has not begun at all institutions that 

house seriously mentally ill inmates by the time the report is due, 

defendants shall provide an explanation for the failure as to any such 

institution. The report shall also include a specific timeline for full 

implementation of the CMHPP at all institutions, including both start 

and completion dates for implementation. Defendants shall prepare 

the report in consultation with the Special Master to ensure that the 

timeline is both achievable and consistent with the court’s 

expectations. 

Id. at 5-6. 

 On September 10, 2018, defendants timely filed the required report. ECF No. 

5916. Therein, defendants object to the Special Master’s notification to them on September 5, 

2018, that the CMHPP is deficient because it “does not include training directed at the 

Correctional Clinical Case Management System level-of-care programs.” Id. at 2. Defendants 

contend 

[n]either the Special Master nor Plaintiffs have previously taken this 

position. Nor were any new facts presented pertaining to 

Correctional Clinical Care Management System programs that 

would warrant the expansion of the Partnership Plan beyond its 

previously agreed-upon boundaries. 

Defendants developed the Partnership Plan consistent with the 

Court’s 2016 order and with the Special Master’s and Plaintiffs’ 

input and supervision. The purpose of the Partnership Plan was to 

provide a comprehensive remedy to address the issues raised in the 

Special Master’s Twenty-Sixth Round Monitoring Report. The 

attached plan is the full response to the August 9, 2016 order. 

Significant resources have been spent in compliance with the Court’s 

August 9, 2016 order on collaboration. Given the size and 

complexity of California’s correctional system, and the lead times 

necessary to implement institutional changes, it is difficult for 

Defendants to accommodate unnecessary last-minute changes to 

years-long improvement plans—especially when these plans were 

developed under the supervision and at the direction of the Special 

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Master. Absent some showing of harm or that the Plan does not 

address the issues to be remedied, additional resources should not be 

expended, and the Plan should be implemented as approved. 

Id. at 2-3. 

 Except for a couple of matters that require clarification, as discussed below, the 

CMHPP is, as far as it goes, the product of significant effort by everyone involved. It does not, 

however, incorporate plans for training focused on CCCMS programs or explain why CCCMS 

programs should not be included other than to point to the APW process. The omission of 

CCCMS programs from the CMHPP must be addressed, and the court provides for as much in 

this order. 

 Both the August 9, 2016 order and the July 12, 2018 order expressly apply to 

every prison institution that houses mentally ill inmates. See ECF No. 5477 at 6 (“a collaborative 

culture between custody and mental health staff in each prison institution that houses mentally ill 

inmates” is required for a complete Eighth Amendment remedy in this case); see also ECF No. 

5852 at 5 (requiring defendants to update the court on “the status of implementation of the 

CMHPP at every institution that houses seriously mentally ill inmates” and to provide an 

explanation “[i]f implementation has not begun at all institutions that house seriously mentally ill 

inmates by the time the report is due.”). 

 The August 9, 2016 order required defendants to meet and confer with the Special 

Master “to discuss, consider, and develop strategies and initiatives to improve collaboration 

between custody and mental health at all institutions where mentally ill inmates are housed.” 

ECF No. 5477 at 9 (emphasis added). That order was based on findings in the Twenty-Sixth 

Round Monitoring Report of cultural conflicts at all levels of mental health care delivery in 

several of California’s prisons, including CCCMS. See ECF No. 5439 at 63-67. One of those 

institutions, High Desert State Prison (High Desert), was also the subject of a highly critical 

report from the California Office of Inspector General (OIG) on the cultural problems at that 

institution. In his Twenty-Sixth Round Monitoring Report, the Special Master specifically 

described interviews with CCCMS inmates at High Desert that “[c]orrelat[ed] with the OIG’s 

finding of a culture of indifference towards inmates”; specifically, CCCMS “inmates reported that 

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custody staff routinely did not respond to inmate requests for immediate mental health treatment” 

and of “knowing of other inmates who engaged in self-injurious behavior as a result of these 

delayed responses to requests for mental health treatment.” Id. at 63-64. 

 Given the foregoing, the court does not understand how training at prisons with 

CCCMS programs was omitted from the CMHPP. As noted above, defendants’ explanation for 

the omission of CCCMS programs from their cultural collaboration training plan is grounded not 

in any substantive rationale but rather in their assertion that the CMHPP was developed “with the 

Special Master’s and Plaintiffs’ input and supervision.” ECF No. 5916 at 2. This explanation, 

which is not disputed, suggests a failure of the APW process that cannot be attributed solely to 

defendants. 

 The record in this case makes clear that training of staff for greater collaboration 

between custody and mental health is a necessary component of complete remediation in this 

action. See, e.g., ECF No. 5477 at 2-3. That requirement extends to all levels of mental health 

care in the prison system, and the remedy must be available to all staff who interact with mentally 

ill inmates at least until the cultural conflicts that plague full remediation are resolved.2 

 Given that the CMHPP represents a step forward and its implementation is 

underway, the court is prepared to adopt the CMHPP as presented, with one comment and several 

requirements for the next version of the plan, which the plan itself implies is needed. The court 

below requires a joint status report that will inform the setting of a deadline for submission of a 

finalized plan. By finalized, the court means that wherever the current CMHPP refers to a 

specific step to be done, the next version of the plan will include dates certain by which each of 

those steps has been or will be completed. For example, for purposes of illustration, the next 

version of the plan should confirm that: all institutions have issued an operating procedure and 

begun implementation of that procedure, see ECF No. 5916 at 8; the format of mental health 

huddle reports has been finalized, see id. at 15; mental health scripts have been developed, see id.; 

 

2

 Although the question is not before the court now, it appears likely that a durable remedy will 

require some form of cultural collaboration training for new staff as well as periodic refresher 

training as needed for particular staff and/or prison institutions. 

 

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and lesson plans for training have been finalized with information provided on how proactive 

problem solving has been incentivized, see id. at 16. This list is by no means exhaustive. The 

next version of the plan should also include a report on the issues identified following trial 

implementation together with the changes needed or made to address those issues. See id. at 19. 

 Additionally, section III(B) of the CMHPP, Quarterly Partnership Round Tables 

and Training, provides in part: 

Two-hour Custody and Mental Health Partnership round tables and 

On-The-Job Training will occur quarterly on second and third watch 

in the EOP, EOP ASU, PSU, MHCB and STRH and LTRH 

programs. The round tables will occur separately by program to 

ensure training topics are relative and specific to each program, i.e., 

General Population EOP staff will meet separately from the staff 

working in the EOP ASU program. Programs will not schedule the 

training during the same week. On-The-Job-Training (OJT) will be 

assigned a BET code and tracked by the local IST Manager. The 

identified mental health program supervisors (i.e. sergeant and 

supervising psychologist) will work with the local IST Manager to 

schedule the program specific OJT Quarterly Round Table trainings 

consistent with either the existing facility OJT schedule, in lieu of a 

regularly scheduled staff meeting or training day, or by way of a 

program modification. Once scheduled, the IST manager will 

forward the Quarterly Round Table schedule for each program to the 

Regional Mental Health Compliance Team and the Regional Mental 

Health Administrator. 

. . . . 

Attendance 

Program line staff (custody, mental health, group nurses and 

available nursing staff), program supervisors, and sergeants will 

attend. Lieutenants and captains may attend on a rotational basis. 

For mental health staff, attendance at the Quarterly Round Tables is 

required for social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists and 

recreation therapists. The mental health program supervisor should 

determine which staff will attend on second watch and which will 

attend on third watch. If a mental health staff member is unable to 

attend the Quarterly Round Table due to leave or because the training 

was scheduled on a regular day off, that staff member will attend the 

Quarterly Round Table at another program in their institution, if one 

is available. 

For custody staff, the sergeant will schedule the officers to attend the 

Quarterly Round Tables On-The-Job Training during the assigned 

shifts (both 2W and 3W) for the mental health escort and mental 

health housing unit staff within the identified mental health 

programs. If an officer is unable to attend the OJT Quarterly Round 

Table training due to regular day off or approved leave, they may 

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also attend the OJT Quarterly Round Table training at another mental 

health program in their institution, if one is available during their 

shift. 

Id. at 16-17. There are some asymmetries in the language in this section, which should be 

clarified in the next version of the CHMPP. For example, it is unclear whether “Quarterly Round 

Tables,” attendance at which is mandatory for certain mental health staff, are the same or 

different from “Quarterly Round Tables On-The-Job Training,” for which custody staff are to be 

scheduled by their sergeants. In addition, this section provides that mental health staff who are 

unable to attend the Quarterly Round Table for specified reasons “will attend” one in another 

program, if available, while custody staff “may also attend” OJT Quarterly Round Table Training 

at another program, if available. The next version of the CMHPP should include a careful review 

to ensure the requirements for mental health and custody staff are, as appropriate, symmetrical 

and clear; to the extent they are not symmetrical, any asymmetry should be explained. 

 To meet the requirements of the court’s past orders, the CMHPP must also be 

expanded to provide for training focused at the CCCMS programs and the custody staff who 

interact with inmates and mental health staff in those programs. This remaining matter will be 

referred to the APW for expansion of the plan to include CCCMS. At the same time, the court 

notes this matter is set for settlement conference on February 21, 2019, to exhaust discussions “on 

whether mentally ill inmates can be located in fewer total institutions to address persistent 

impediments to Program Guide compliance” in several areas, including cultural compliance 

training. ECF No. 6050. To allow settlement discussions to conclude, and in the event those 

discussions may have a substantial and material impact on the location of mental health programs 

throughout the prison system, the court will not set a deadline for completion of the expanded 

CMHPP in this order. Instead, the parties will be directed to file a joint report with the court on 

or before March 8, 2019 on the status of settlement discussions as they impact the cultural 

collaboration aspect of remediation, and specifically, whether the parties anticipate that mental 

health programs, including CCCMS, EOP and MHCBs will be clustered at fewer prison 

institutions and, if so, how this clustering should alter the scope of the cultural collaboration 

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training requirement set by the court’s August 9, 2016 order. The parties also shall in their joint 

report propose a date for the court’s consideration, by which defendants shall provide the next 

version of the CMHPP to the court. 

 For the foregoing reasons, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 

 1. The Custody and Mental Health Partnership Plan filed September 10, 2018, 

ECF No. 5916, is approved to the extent consistent with this order. 

 2. On or before March 8, 2019, the parties shall report to the court as required by 

this order. 

DATED: February 20, 2019. 

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