Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-2_15-cv-01138/USCOURTS-caed-2_15-cv-01138-5/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 890
Nature of Suit: Other Statutory Actions
Cause of Action: 28:1331 Fed. Question

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b

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

WAMEEDH AL AZZAWI,

Plaintiff,

v.

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, et al.,

Defendants.

No. 2:15-cv-1138 GEB CKD PS

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Defendants’ motion to dismiss came on regularly for hearing on January 20, 2016. 

Plaintiff Wameedh Al Azzawi appeared in propria persona. Chi Soo Kim appeared for 

defendants. Upon review of the documents in support and opposition, upon hearing the 

arguments of plaintiff and counsel, and good cause appearing therefor, THE COURT FINDS AS 

FOLLOWS:

In this action, plaintiff alleges claims under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”). 

Plaintiff alleges that he requested documents from various government agencies and that 

documents were not timely produced. Plaintiff seeks damages for the allegedly unlawful conduct.

Defendants move to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Federal Rule of Civil 

Procedure 12(b)(1) allows a defendant to raise the defense, by motion, that the court lacks 

jurisdiction over the subject matter of an entire action or of specific claims alleged in the action. 

“A motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction may either attack the allegations of 

Case 2:15-cv-01138-GEB-CKD Document 22 Filed 01/21/16 Page 1 of 4
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the complaint or may be made as a ‘speaking motion’ attacking the existence of subject matter 

jurisdiction in fact.” Thornhill Publ’g Co. v. Gen. Tel. & Elecs. Corp., 594 F.2d 730, 733 (9th 

Cir. 1979).

When a Rule 12(b)(1) motion attacks the existence of subject matter jurisdiction in fact, 

no presumption of truthfulness attaches to the plaintiff’s allegations. Thornhill Publ’g Co., 594 

F.2d at 733. “[T]he district court is not restricted to the face of the pleadings, but may review any 

evidence, such as affidavits and testimony, to resolve factual disputes concerning the existence of 

jurisdiction.” McCarthy v. United States, 850 F.2d 558, 560 (9th Cir. 1988). When a Rule 

12(b)(1) motion attacks the existence of subject matter jurisdiction in fact, plaintiff has the burden 

of proving that jurisdiction does in fact exist. Thornhill Publ’g Co., 594 F.2d at 733.

Defendants contend that this court lacks subject matter jurisdiction because plaintiff failed 

to exhaust his administrative remedies. This contention is well taken. In opposition to the motion 

to dismiss, plaintiff only argues that the government did not timely respond to his FOIA request, 

that FOIA exemption 4 does not apply, and that the government covered up wrongdoing by 

Kellogg Brown and Root (“KBR”) (for which plaintiff’s company provided subcontractor 

services).

Plaintiff first contacted the governmental agencies from whom he sought documents in 

December 2014 and January 2015.1 Plaintiff subsequently submitted FOIA requests to the Army 

Contracting Command (“ACC”) and the Defense Finance and Accounting Service (“DFAS”). 

Plaintiff sought documents regarding a contract for a New Vehicle Maintenance Facility between 

the Defense Contract Management Agency and KBR. A response by DFAS and production of 

documents was provided to plaintiff on March 6, 2015. A response and production of documents 

on behalf of the ACC and the Department of the Army Inspector General (“DAIG”) was provided 

to plaintiff on March 4, 2015. Both responses included clear instructions on how to 

administratively appeal. No administrative appeal was filed by plaintiff.

 

1

 Defendants contend these communications were not proper FOIA requests but this fact is 

irrelevant to resolution of the issue of exhaustion of administrative remedies. 

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Administrative exhaustion of FOIA claims is a jurisdictional requirement. See United 

States v. Steele, 799 F.2d 461, 466 (9th Cir. 1986). With respect to both of plaintiff’s FOIA 

requests, plaintiff was advised of his right to appeal and provided clear instructions on how to do 

so and further advised that such appeal must be postmarked within 60 days from the date of the 

agency’s response. ECF No. 17-2 at p. 5; ECF No. 17-3 at p. 6. Plaintiff presents no evidence 

that he exhausted his administrative remedies and presents no argument on this issue. The 

incomplete strings of emails and incomplete correspondence submitted by plaintiff in opposition 

do not constitute an appeal.2 At the hearing on this matter, plaintiff conceded that he has not filed 

any administrative appeal. The motion to dismiss should therefore be granted.3

Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that:

1. Defendants’ motion to dismiss (ECF No. 17) be granted; and

2. This action be closed.

These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 

assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen days 

after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written 

objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned 

“Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Failure to file objections 

 

2

 To the extent plaintiff argues that the government’s FOIA responses were untimely, exhaustion 

of administrative remedies is still required where, as here, the government responded to the FOIA 

requests prior to the filing of the instant complaint. See Oglesby v. U.S. Dep’t of Army, 920 F.2d 

57, 63 (D.C. Cir. 1990).

3 Defendants present other arguments which are equally well taken, but need not be addressed 

because this court lacks subject matter jurisdiction. Defendants correctly contend that FOIA does 

not provide for damages or for a jury trial and that those demands in the complaint should be 

dismissed. 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(B); see Hajro v. U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Servs., --- F.3d 

----, 2015 WL 6405473, at *8 (9th Cir. Oct. 23, 2015) (FOIA’s waiver of sovereign immunity 

limited to injunctive relief); see also Cornucopia Institute v. USDA, 560 F.3d 673, 675 n.1 (7th 

Cir. 2009) (plaintiffs not entitled to monetary damages for violations of FOIA because only 

injunctive relief authorized); 5 U.S.C. § 552 (no right to jury trial provided under FOIA). 

Defendants also correctly contend that the only properly named defendants in this FOIA action 

are the Army and DFAS and that the remaining defendants should be dismissed. 5 U.S.C. §§ 

552(a)(4)(B), 552(f)(1); see Drake v. Obama, 664 F.3d 774, 786 (9th Cir. 2011).

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within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Martinez v. 

Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991).

Dated: January 21, 2016

4 azzawi1138.57

_____________________________________

CAROLYN K. DELANEY

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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