Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-azd-2_16-cv-03941/USCOURTS-azd-2_16-cv-03941-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 440
Nature of Suit: Other Civil Rights
Cause of Action: 28:1331 Federal Question: Other Civil Rights

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WO NOT FOR PUBLICATION 

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 

Carlos A Reyes, 

Plaintiff, 

v. 

David Garbarino, et al., 

Defendants. 

No. CV-16-03941-PHX-JJT

ORDER 

 At issue are pro se Plaintiff Carlos A. Reyes’ Motion for Reconsideration 

(Doc. 42, Mot.) and Motion to Amend/Correct Complaint (Doc. 43). 

 Motions for reconsideration should be granted only in rare circumstances. 

Defenders of Wildlife v. Browner, 909 F. Supp. 1342, 1351 (D. Ariz. 1995). A motion for 

reconsideration is appropriate where the district court “(1) is presented with newly 

discovered evidence, (2) committed clear error or the initial decision was manifestly 

unjust, or (3) if there is an intervening change in controlling law.” School Dist. No. 1J, 

Multnomah Cnty. v. ACandS, Inc., 5 F.3d 1255, 1263 (9th Cir. 1993). Mere disagreement 

with a previous order is an insufficient basis for reconsideration. See Leong v. Hilton 

Hotels Corp., 689 F. Supp. 1572, 1573 (D. Haw. 1988). A motion for reconsideration 

“may not be used to raise arguments or present evidence for the first time when they 

could reasonably have been raised earlier in the litigation.” Kona Enters., Inc. v. Estate of 

Bishop, 229 F.3d 877, 890 (9th Cir. 2000). Nor may a motion for reconsideration repeat 

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any argument previously made in support of or in opposition to a motion. Motorola, Inc. 

v. J.B. Rodgers Mech. Contractors, Inc., 215 F.R.D. 581, 586 (D. Ariz. 2003). 

 From the face of the motion, there is no allegation of newly discovered evidence 

or an intervening change in law. Accordingly, the Plaintiff appears to rest his case on the 

argument that the Court committed manifest error by dismissing Plaintiff’s case with 

prejudice—i.e. without leave to amend. Indeed, Plaintiff’s Motion for Consideration 

(Doc. 42) and Motion to Amend/Correct (Doc. 43) are inextricably linked and seek only 

to file the lodged Proposed Amended Complaint (Doc. 44). 

 However, the Court dismissed Plaintiff’s claims with prejudice because those 

claims—deprivation of civil rights and property, and challenging a State Court ruling—as 

a matter of law, are not cognizable or subject to federalism concerns. (See Doc. 32.) 

Plaintiff appears to agree. (Mot. ¶ 8 (“it was duly explained that the three current causes 

of action would be improper and as such, all three causes of action will be dropped from 

the amended complaint . . .”).) However, Plaintiff seeks to replace his previous causes of 

action with a “single cause of action under 15 U.S.C. § 1692(k).” (Mot. ¶ 8.) First, courts 

do not look favorably upon the assertion of new legal theories when the factual basis of 

those legal theories was known to the party for a significant amount of time prior to filing 

a motion for leave to amend. See, e.g., Acri v. International Ass’n of Machinists & 

Aerospace Workers, 781 F.2d 1393, 1398 (9th Cir. 1986) (holding that “late amendments 

to assert new theories are not reviewed favorably when the facts and the theory have been 

known to the party seeking amendment since the inception of the cause of action”). 

Second, and more problematic, Plaintiff’s Proposed Amended Complaint would 

constitute an entirely different action, based on largely different facts. Other than some of 

the parties, there is almost no overlap in the two documents. Plaintiff originally brought 

claims alleging that Defendants, motivated by racial animus, sought to deprive Plaintiff 

of his property without procedural or due process. (Doc. 1 ¶ 1.) Now, Plaintiff alleges 

that by demanding rent, some of those Defendants violated the Fair Debt Collection 

Practices Act (“FDCPA”). Plaintiff’s Complaint that was dismissed with prejudice never 

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mentioned the FDCPA, and Plaintiff’s Proposed Amended Complaint mentions almost 

none of the conduct alleged in the original Complaint. It is hard to imagine two more 

different causes of action. 

 As such, Plaintiff has failed to even allege manifest error; the Court cannot foresee 

that Plaintiff may have been able to plead a separate, unrelated cause of action against 

some of the same Defendants. Plaintiff does not seek reconsideration of his original 

Complaint, but simply leave to replace that Complaint with a wholly new one, based on 

new factual allegations and alleging a completely different claim. If this were allowed, 

and the Court required to consider complaints not on the causes of action and facts that 

are pled, but on any facts and causes of actions that may have been able to be pled, the 

Court would never dismiss a case with prejudice. A docket of endless cases would be 

impossible to manage. 

 The Court dismissed Plaintiff’s action with prejudice. Despite Plaintiff’s Motion 

for Reconsideration, he apparently does not take issue with that ruling. Accordingly, the 

Court will deny Plaintiff’s Motion for Reconsideration. Further, the Court will deny 

Plaintiff’s Motion for Leave to Amend as moot—the Court dismissed the action with 

prejudice and closed the case, and Plaintiff has provided no argument that the Court’s 

decisions were improper as to his claims. 

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED denying Plaintiff’s Motion for Reconsideration 

(Doc. 42). 

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED denying Plaintiff’s Motion to Amend/Correct 

(Doc. 43) as moot. This case remains closed. 

 Dated this 10th day of February, 2017. 

Honorable John J. Tuchi

United States District Judge 

Case 2:16-cv-03941-JJT Document 45 Filed 02/10/17 Page 3 of 3