Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-cand-3_09-cv-02011/USCOURTS-cand-3_09-cv-02011-8/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 440
Nature of Suit: Other Civil Rights
Cause of Action: 28:1331 Federal Question: Other Civil Rights

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United States District Court

For the Northern District of California

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Although originally filed by Defendants City of San Ramon and the San Ramon Police

Department only, Defendants clarify in their reply brief that the Motion is now brought on behalf of all

City of San Ramon related Defendants, as the individual officers have recently appeared in the action.

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

KAREEM RASHEED, et al.

Plaintiffs,

 vs.

CITY OF SAN RAMON, et al. 

Defendants. /

No. C 09-2011 MEJ

ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS'

MOTION TO DISMISS (Dkt. #23)

I. INTRODUCTION

Before the Court is Defendants' City of San Ramon, San Ramon Police Department, Officer

Gunniing, Sergeant Stephens, Officer Ransom, and Officer Medina (collectively "Defendants")

Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs Kareem Rasheed and Khalid Anwari's ("Plaintiffs") state law tort

claims for failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6).1

 (Dkt. #23.) On

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For the Northern District of California

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(Defs.' Reply, 1:25-2:1, Dkt. #34.) 

Page 2 of 7

February 9, 2010, the undersigned found this matter suitable for disposition without oral argument

and vacated the February 18, 2010 hearing. (Dkt. #36.) After consideration of the parties' papers,

relevant legal authority, and good cause appearing, the Court hereby GRANTS Defendants' motion

for the reasons set forth below.

II. BACKGROUND

A. Factual Background

On or about November 28, 2007, Plaintiffs witnessed a fist fight between classmates Spencer

Hill and Guy Hunter at a location near their high school, Dougherty Valley, in the City of San

Ramon (the "City"). (Pls.' First Am. Compl. ("FAC") ¶ 19, Dkt. #21.) A few hours later, Hunter

returned to school and reported to Officer Gunniing, the School Resource Officer, that Plaintiffs beat

and robbed him at gun point of $130.00. Id. at ¶ 21. That same day, Plaintiffs were arrested by the

San Ramon Police Department ("SRPD"). Id. at ¶¶ 23-24. The SRPD charged each Plaintiff with

armed robbery, and each Plaintiff spent approximately 28 days in juvenile hall. Id. at ¶¶ 21, 33. 

Plaintiffs allege that they were verbally, physically and psychologically abused by SRPD officers

throughout the investigation and detention. Id. at ¶ 25. At the subsequent criminal trial, the court

granted Plaintiffs' motion to dismiss. Id. at ¶ 37. The presiding judge criticized the charging parties

for using false and self-serving accusations to prosecute Plaintiffs. Id.

On April 3, 2008, Plaintiffs' then attorney, Russel K. Marne, filed two state tort claims with

the City. (Id. at ¶ 46; Defs.’ Mot. 2:18-26, Dkt. #24.) The personnel director for the City rejected

both state tort claims on May 8, 2008. (FAC ¶ 47, Dkt. #21; Blechman Decl., Ex. C, Dkt. #25.) 

Cheryl Mitchel Wade, the personnel director for the City, mailed a rejection letter to Mr. Marne that

day. Id.

B. Procedural Background

On March 19, 2009, Plaintiffs filed suit in the Superior Court of the State of California,

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County of Contra Costa. (Removal Pet. 1:21-28, Dkt. #1.) On May 7, 2009, Defendants removed

the action to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1441(b). Id. at 2:24-26. On November 24, 2009,

Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. (Dkt. #21). 

On December 14, 2009, Defendants filed the present Motion to Dismiss. (Dkt. #23.) 

Plaintiffs files an Opposition on January 14, 2010, (Dkt. #32), and Defendants filed their Reply on

January 29, 2010. (Dkt. #24.) 

III. DISCUSSION

In their motion, Defendants argue that Plaintiffs state tort law claims are time-barred. (Defs.'

Mot. 9:3-8, Dkt. #24.) Specifically, Defendants argue that after the City rejected their tort claims,

Plaintiffs failed to meet mandatory claim requirements when the failed to timely file the instant

action after rejection of their claims. (Defs.' Mot. 2:2-7, Dkt. #24.) In response, Plaintiffs argue that

their state tort law claims are not time-barred because they did not receive proper notification that

their state tort claims had been rejected. (Pls.' Opp 'n 2:14-17, 5:16-20, Dkt. #32.) 

A. Legal Standard

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure ("Rule") 12(b)(6) allows a defendant to move to dismiss a

claim for "failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted." A motion to dismiss under

Rule 12(b)(6) "tests the legal sufficiency of a claim." Navarro v. Block, 250 F.3d 729, 732 (9th Cir.

2001). In order to survive a motion to dismiss, a plaintiff must allege “enough facts to state a claim

to relief that is plausible on its face." Bell Atlantic v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). The

Court, in considering a motion to dismiss, must accept all of the plaintiff’s allegations as true. Id. at

550; Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93-94 (2007). The complaint need not contain detailed

factual allegations, but it must contain more than a “formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause

of action.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555. In determining whether to dismiss a complaint that alleges

time-barred activity, it must appear from the complaint that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts that

would establish the timeliness of a claim. Supermail Cargo, Inc. v. U.S., 68 F.3d 1204, 1207 (9th

Cir. 1995) 

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2Although Plaintiffs state in their FAC that they never received the notice of rejection from their

attorney, they do not argue this point in the Opposition. (FAC ¶ 47, Dkt.#21). 

Page 4 of 7

B. Application to the Case at Bar

In their motion, Defendants argue that Plaintiffs were properly notified when the City mailed

the rejection notice to their attorney. (Defs.' Mot. 9:3-8, Dkt. #24.) Specifically, Defendants argue

that because there was no indication as to where each rejection notice should be mailed, mailing the

rejection notice to Plaintiffs' attorney was appropriate because each state tort law claim was

submitted on Mr. Marne's letterhead, which contained his law firm's address and signature. (Defs.'

Mot. 7:22-27, Dkt. #24; Blechman Decl., Ex. A at 1-2, Ex. B at 1, Ex. D at 2, Dkt. #25; Defs.’ Reply

3:1-9, Dkt. #34.) Defendants further argue that without their attorney's express consent, the

California Rules of Professional Conduct specifically prohibit the City from directly communicating

with Plaintiffs. (Defs.' Mot. 8:1-13, Dk. #24; Blechman Decl. Ex. D at 2:9-11; Defs.' Reply 3:3-7,

Dkt. #34.) Moreover, because Plaintiffs are juveniles, Defendants contend that mailing the notice to

their attorney of record was the proper course of action. (Defs.' Mot. 9:3-8, Dkt. #24.) 

In response, Plaintiffs argue that the City is required to mail rejection notices directly to each

claimant, unless the submitted claim authorizes otherwise. (FAC ¶ 46, Dkt. #21; Pls.' Opp'n 4:14-

23, Dkt. #32.) According to Plaintiffs, their submitted claim did not authorize the City to notify

Plaintiffs' attorney, Mr. Marne, but did provide both claimants' current addresses. (FAC ¶ 46, Dkt.

#21; Pls.' Opp'n 4:16:20, Dkt. #32.) Thus, by mailing each rejection notice to their attorney,

Plaintiffs argue that the City failed to properly notify them. (FAC ¶ 47, Dkt. #21; Pls.' Opp'n 4:16-

20, Dkt. #32.) As a result, Plaintiffs maintain that each of their state tort law claims is still

actionable.2

 (FAC ¶ 48, Dkt. #21; Pl.'s Opp'n 5:9-19, Dkt. #32.) 

The California Government Tort Claims Act ("Tort Claim Act"), Cal. Gov't Code §§ 900, et

seq., provides that before filing a suit for monetary damages against a public entity or government

official, a claimant must submit a written claim to the corresponding city agency within six months

after the accrual of the cause of action. Cal. Gov't Code § 911.2, 945.4; State of California v.

Superior Court (Bodde), 32 Cal. 4th 1234,1239 (2004). A city must then either accept or reject the

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claim within 45 days following submittal. Cal. Gov't Code § 912.4. The rejection notice must

provide a warning to the claimant that if he or she wishes to file a suit, it must be filed no later than

six months from the date that notice is personally delivered to the claimant in the lawsuit or

deposited in the mail to the claimant. Cal. Gov't Code §§ 913(b); Brown v. CDC Dir., 2009 U.S.

Dist. LEXIS 65680, at *9 (E.D. Cal. 2009). The date on which the notice is deposited in the mail is

the date triggering the six-month statute of limitations in which to bring an action, not the date the

notice is actually received by the claimant. Edgington v. County of San Diego, 118 Cal. App. 2d 39,

46 (1981). Failure to give proper notice of rejection extends the timely filing period from six

months to two years. Glorietta Foods v. City of San Jose, 147 Cal. App. 3d 835, 838 (1983). 

California Government Code section 910(b) requires that a claimant state the "post office

address to which the person presenting the claim desires notices to be sent." When no such address

is provided within the claim, a city can mail the notice to the address stated in the claim or to a

proper recipient. Cal. Gov't Code § 915.4(a). A proper recipient may be a third party that prepares,

signs and presents a claim on behalf of a claimant. Cameron v. City of Gilroy, 104 Cal. App. 2d 76,

80 (1951). If a claimant fails to receive to receive written notice of his rejected claim within a

reasonable time following the 45-day period, the claimant "should make inquiry to determine

whether, and if so, when, the notice was in fact served." Dowell v. County of Contra Costa, 173 Cal.

App. 3d 896, 901 (1985) (internal citations omitted). 

Here, the Court finds unpersuasive Plaintiffs' argument that the Tort Claims Act requires the

City to mail the rejection notices directly to them. The tort claims submitted by Plaintiffs did not

expressly indicate to the City where notice should be mailed. Thus, mailing the rejection notice to

their attorney, who signed, prepared and presented the claim to the City comports with the Tort

Claims Act. Cal. Gov't Code § 910. Additionally, absent any proof indicating that Plaintiffs

required the City to mail each rejection letter to a specific address, the City's decision to mail the

notices to Mr. Marne is in line with the California Rules of Professional Conduct, which prohibited

the City from contacting Plaintiffs without his approval. Cal. Rule of Prof'l Conduct 2-100; see also

Graham v. U.S., 96 F.3d 446, 449 (9th Cir. 1996) (finding the California's Rule of Professional

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Conduct dealing with improper communication with represented client to be "strictly enforced"). As

a result, the Court finds that the City complied with the notification requirements under the Tort

Claims Act and the applicable statute of limitations is six months, not two years. 

Without any evidence of defective notice, the untimeliness of the complaint is beyond a

doubt on the face of the complaint. Supermail Cargo, Inc., 68 F.3d at 1206-07. Accordingly, the

Court finds that Plaintiffs have failed to comply with the necessary procedures under the Tort

Claims Act and are therefore barred from bringing their state law causes of action against

Defendants. See Bodde, 32 Cal. 4th at 1239; Manson v. Smith, 2009 WL 4809867, at *9 (E.D. Cal.

2009) (finding a motion to dismiss to be the appropriate vehicle to attack an untimely claim under

Cal. Gov't Code § 945.6(a)(1)). 

Furthermore, it is undisputed that the City received both claims on April 3, 2008, rejected

each claim within the 45 day limit, and mailed a rejection letter with the required warning to Mr.

Marne on May 8, 2008. (Blechman Decl. Ex. A at 1, Ex. B at 1, Ex. C at 1, Dkt. #25; Pls.' Opp'n

2:2-7, Dkt.# 32.) To prove that a notice of rejection was properly mailed, a defendant can show that

the notification was properly deposited within a U.S. postal office or a mail box. Him v. City and

County of San Francisco, 133 Cal. App. 4th 437, 443 (2005). A defendant can meet its burden by

offering a declaration or express representation by the individual who mailed the notification stating

that the notice was, in fact, mailed. Id. at 444; Katelaris v. County of Orange, 92 Cal. App. 4th

1211, 1216 (2001). Here, the City's personnel director, Cheryl Mitchell Wade, signed a declaration

under oath stating that each of the Plaintiffs state tort law claims were rejected and notice of their

rejection was mailed to Mr. Marne's law firm on May 8, 2008. (Blechman Decl., Ex. D at ¶6, Dkt. #

25.) The Court finds that this declaration is sufficient proof that Defendants have met their burden

to prove that the notification was, in fact, mailed to Plaintiffs' attorney. Him, 133 Cal. App. 4th at

444; Katelaris, 92 Cal. App. 4th at 1216. Thus, the Court finds that mailing notice of rejection to

Plaintiffs' attorney was proper. 

IV. CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing, the Court hereby GRANTS Defendants' Motion to Dismiss

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Plaintiffs' state tort law claims.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: March 18, 2010 ___________________________ 

MARIA-ELENA JAMES

United States Magistrate Judge

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