Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-azd-2_17-cv-04297/USCOURTS-azd-2_17-cv-04297-6/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 890
Nature of Suit: Other Statutory Actions
Cause of Action: 18:1836(a) Injunction against Misappropriation of Trade Secrets

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WO

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 

Excel Fortress Limited, et al.,

Plaintiffs, 

v. 

Vaughn La Verl Wilhelm, et al., 

Defendants.

No. CV-17-04297-PHX-DWL

ORDER 

 Pending before the Court is the parties’ “Joint Written Memorandum Regarding 

Remedies.” (Doc. 159.) In this memorandum, Defendant Vaughn La Verl Wilhelm 

(“Defendant”) asks the Court to impose about $27,000 in sanctions against Plaintiffs under 

Rule 37. For the following reasons, this request will be granted in part and denied in part. 

BACKGROUND 

On March 8, 2019, Defendant filed a motion for sanctions under Rule 37(b)(2). 

(Doc. 134.) The motion was filed in response to Plaintiffs’ production, one week earlier, 

of a “supplemental” MIDP disclosure that greatly expanded Plaintiffs’ damage theories. 

In a nutshell, Defendant argued that (1) this late disclosure was improper because Plaintiffs 

were required to disclose their damage computations at the outset of the case, not on the 

eve of the discovery cutoff, and (2) this late disclosure was prejudicial because, had 

Defendant been aware of Plaintiffs’ various damage theories at the start of the case, he 

would have conducted additional discovery and/or hired additional experts. As a remedy, 

Defendant argued that “sanctions in the form of exclusion of any evidence supporting 

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damages identified in Categories 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are appropriate.” (Id. at 6.) In the final 

paragraph of the motion, Defendant also included a request for “monetary sanctions in the 

form of attorneys fees incurred in briefing this motion” and “any other relief the Court 

deems to be just and proper.” (Id. at 11.) 

 On June 17, 2019, after hearing argument from the parties, the Court issued an order 

that granted in part, and denied in part, Defendant’s motion. (Doc. 151.) Although the 

Court concluded that Plaintiffs’ initial damage disclosure in January 2018 was inadequate, 

the Court also noted that Defendant “didn’t raise any concerns about the sufficiency of 

Plaintiffs’ damage-related disclosures until February 2019—13 months after they were 

initially provided” and that “Plaintiffs’ counsel promptly addressed those concerns and 

provided detailed computations . . . within 10 days of the request.” (Id. at 5-6.) The Court 

further noted that, although Plaintiffs’ counsel also made misleading statements to defense 

counsel during the discovery process about two particular categories of damages, those 

statements should not be viewed “as some sort of intentional attempt to mislead” (id. at 9) 

and “were not the product of ‘bad faith’” (id. at 12). Given this backdrop, the Court 

concluded “it would be improper to strike Plaintiffs’ damage claims due to untimely 

disclosure” and that “other options are available here . . . to make [Defendant] whole.” (Id. 

at 6, 9.) As examples of such “other options,” the Court noted that it might be appropriate 

(1) to retroactively extend the expert-disclosure deadline so Defendant could hire a 

damages expert, (2) to allow Defendant to conduct “additional fact discovery” concerning 

the late-disclosed damage theories, and/or (3) to require Plaintiffs to pay for the costs 

associated with any additional discovery. (Id. at 9, 12.) The Court thus ordered the parties 

to meet-and-confer about, inter alia, “what additional steps [Defendant] would need to 

pursue to cure the prejudice arising from [the misleading statements], how much such steps 

would cost, and who should bear the associated expense.” (Id. at 12.) 

 On July 8, 2019, the parties filed their “Joint Written Memorandum Regarding 

Remedies.” (Doc. 159.) This document reports that Plaintiffs have now agreed to 

voluntarily dismiss all but one of their damage claims (the negligence claim against 

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Defendant for purportedly wasting chemicals through negligent mixing). Defendant 

contends this dismissal will not make him whole and argues he should be awarded about 

$27,000 in attorneys’ fees. (Id. at 4.) 

DISCUSSION 

 In his Rule 37 motion, Defendant asked the Court to throw out most of Plaintiffs’ 

damage claims because they weren’t timely disclosed. The Court declined to grant this 

request because it was too severe and instead attempted to identify other, less drastic 

mechanisms to cure the prejudice arising from the late disclosure, such as allowing 

Defendant to hire additional experts, conduct more discovery, and/or require Plaintiffs to 

pay the costs associated with the additional discovery. Nevertheless, after the Court 

ordered the parties to meet and confer about exactly what such steps might look like, 

Plaintiffs capitulated and agreed to dismiss all of the damage claims at issue—the very 

remedy Defendant initially sought. Defendant now asks for four categories of fees: 

specifically, the fees he incurred (1) when briefing and arguing the Rule 37 motion, (2) 

when responding to Plaintiffs’ counsel’s misleading statements, (3) when preparing a 

never-filed summary judgment motion on one of Plaintiffs’ now-withdrawn damage 

claims, and (4) when pursuing discovery concerning some of Plaintiffs’ now-withdrawn 

damage claims. (Doc. 159 at 4.) 

The Court will grant this request as it pertains to the first category of fees. Under 

Rule 37(b)(2)(C), “the court must order the disobedient party, the attorney advising that 

party, or both to pay the reasonable expenses, including attorney’s fees, caused by the 

failure, unless the failure was substantially justified or other circumstances make an award 

of expenses unjust.” Here, the Court already granted Defendant’s Rule 37 motion in part 

and Plaintiffs subsequently agreed to abandon their late-disclosed damage theories. All of 

this suggests that Defendant was justified in seeking relief under Rule 37, that Plaintiffs’ 

conduct wasn’t substantially justified, and that it wouldn’t be unjust to require Plaintiffs to 

reimburse Defendant for the cost of seeking relief. 

In contrast, the Court declines to make any fee award as to second, third, and fourth 

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categories of fees specified in the joint memorandum. This portion of Defendant’s fee 

request is predicated on the notion that Plaintiffs didn’t have a good-faith basis for 

advancing some of the now-withdrawn damage theories and that Defendant was forced to 

expend unnecessary fees addressing those theories before they were withdrawn. (See, e.g.,

Doc. 159 at 5 [“Had Plaintiffs simply followed the mandate to perform adequate factual 

and legal research before disclosing their new damages theories on March 1[, 2019], none 

of these proceedings would have occurred.”].) This is, in essence, a Rule 11 claim. 

However, Defendant’s sanctions motion was predicated on Rule 37 and only sought the 

exclusion of Plaintiffs’ damage claims based on when they were disclosed. Thus, the 

purpose of the parties’ joint memorandum was simply to follow up on the Rule 37 analysis 

by outlining what additional expert- and discovery-related steps Defendant might need to 

pursue to address the belatedly-disclosed damage claims and who should pay for those 

steps. 

To be sure, the Court made various statements during the hearing and in its June 

2019 order about the need to make Defendant “whole.” Those statements, however, merely 

reflected the Court’s view that Defendant shouldn’t be prejudiced by the late timing of 

Plaintiffs’ disclosure of their damage computations and should be afforded the opportunity 

to engage in whatever expert and fact discovery was necessary to address those damage 

claims on the merits. Thus, to the extent Defendant believes Rule 11 sanctions are 

warranted because Plaintiffs’ decision to pursue certain damage theories was substantively 

frivolous (which is different from an untimely-disclosure theory), he must file a new 

motion instead of tucking his request into a joint memorandum on a different topic. This 

approach will also provide Plaintiffs with a full and fair opportunity to respond to any Rule 

11 claim on the merits. 

For all of these reasons, Defendant may file a motion for attorneys’ fees limited to 

the fees incurred when briefing and arguing the Rule 37 motion. That motion shall be 

accompanied by an electronic Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, to be emailed to the Court and 

opposing counsel, containing an itemized statement of legal services with all information 

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required by Local Rule 54.2(e)(1). This spreadsheet shall be organized with rows and 

columns and shall automatically total the amount of fees requested to enable the Court to 

efficiently review and recompute, if needed, the total amount of any award after 

disallowing any individual billing entries. This spreadsheet does not relieve the moving 

party of its burden under Local Rule 54.2(d) to attach all necessary supporting 

documentation to its motion. A party opposing a motion for attorneys’ fees shall email to 

the Court and opposing counsel a copy of the moving party’s spreadsheet, adding any 

objections to each contested billing entry (next to each row, in an additional column) to 

enable the Court to efficiently review the objections. This spreadsheet does not relieve the 

non-moving party of the requirements of Local Rule 54.2(f) concerning its responsive 

memorandum. 

Dated this 25th day of July, 2019. 

 

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