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Nature of Suit Code: 440
Nature of Suit: Other Civil Rights
Cause of Action: 

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[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________

No. 15-12123

Non-Argument Calendar

________________________

D.C. Docket No. 2:14-cv-01582-SLB

CURTIS L. SPARKS, JR.,

 Plaintiff-Appellant,

 versus

CONTESSA BELL,

DONALD SCOTT,

KELVIN PALMAR,

JOHN CROCKER,

 Defendants-Appellees.

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Alabama

________________________

(February 8, 2016)

Before TJOFLAT, MARTIN and JILL PRYOR, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

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Curtis Sparks appeals pro se from the district court’s sua sponte dismissal of 

his civil rights case brought under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985. Sparks brought 

claims against several defendants connected to a physical altercation that Sparks 

had with another passenger while riding a public bus in Alabama in 2009, and 

Sparks’s state court action arising from that altercation. The district court 

dismissed his claims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(i) and (ii) for frivolity 

and failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. On appeal, Sparks 

argues that he stated a cognizable claim because he demonstrated that the 

defendants participated in a racially motivated conspiracy to commit perjury at his 

state court trial, and in doing so deprived Sparks of his constitutional rights to a 

fair trial and equal protection of the laws.

We review de novo a district court’s dismissal for failure to state a claim 

under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) and apply the same standards governing dismissals under 

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Alba v. Montford, 517 F.3d 1249, 1252 

(11th Cir. 2008). We accept the allegations in the complaint as true and construe 

them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. Mills v. Foremost Ins. Co., 511 

F.3d 1300, 1303 (11th Cir. 2008). To survive dismissal, the plaintiff’s complaint 

must contain sufficient facts, accepted as true, to state a claim for relief that is 

plausible on its face. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949

(2009). Naked assertions without further factual enhancement and “[t]hreadbare 

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recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory 

statements, do not suffice.” Id. We liberally construe pro se pleadings, and hold 

them to a less stringent standard than pleadings drafted by an attorney. Bingham v. 

Thomas, 654 F.3d 1171, 1175 (11th Cir. 2011) (per curiam).

We review a district court’s sua sponte dismissal for frivolity under 

§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(i) for abuse of discretion. Hughes v. Lott, 350 F.3d 1157, 1160 

(11th Cir. 2003). The district court has a range of choice in exercising its 

discretion, and we will not disturb its decision if it stays within the range of 

reasonableness and is not influenced by a mistake of law. Zocaras v. Castro, 465 

F.3d 479, 483 (11th Cir. 2006). “A claim is frivolous if it is without arguable merit 

either in law or fact.” Bilal v. Driver, 251 F.3d 1346, 1349 (11th Cir. 2001).

To maintain a § 1983 action, the plaintiff must allege conduct that was 

“committed by a person acting under color of state law and must result in a 

deprivation of rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution or laws 

of the United States.” Bendiburg v. Dempsey, 909 F.2d 463, 468 (11th Cir. 1990). 

A plaintiff may state a claim under § 1983 for conspiracy to violate constitutional 

rights, which requires that the plaintiff show an agreement by the defendants to 

violate his rights. Rowe v. City of Fort Lauderdale, 279 F.3d 1271, 1283–84 (11th 

Cir. 2002). The alleged conspiracy must “result[ ] in the actual denial of some 

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underlying constitutional right.” Grider v. City of Auburn, 618 F.3d 1240, 1260 

(11th Cir. 2010).

A cause of action for conspiracy to interfere with civil rights is also 

cognizable under §§ 1985(2) and (3). See 42 U.S.C. § 1985. Section 1985(2) 

provides a cause of action for a conspiracy to impede, hinder, obstruct, or defeat 

justice “with intent to deny any citizen the equal protection of the laws.” Id.

§ 1985(2). Section 1985(3) provides a cause of action for a conspiracy to 

“depriv[e], either directly or indirectly, any person or class of persons of the equal 

protection of the laws.” Id. § 1985(3). A claim under either section requires a 

showing that a racial or class-based animus motivated the conspirators’ actions.

See Chavis v. Clayton Cty. Sch. Dist., 300 F.3d 1288, 1292 (11th Cir. 2002) 

(§ 1985(2) claims); Park v. City of Atlanta, 120 F.3d 1157, 1161 (11th Cir. 1997)

(per curiam) (§ 1985(3) claims).

Upon review of the record and consideration of Sparks’s brief, we affirm. 

Viewing the amended complaint in the light most favorable to Sparks, he did not 

allege facts sufficient to state a plausible claim for relief. He has alleged only 

unrelated actions taken by each individual defendant in the course of his altercation 

and subsequent state trial. He has alleged that these actions demonstrated a 

conspiracy, but he has failed to allege any specific facts in support of this 

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conclusory legal assertion that a conspiracy by the defendants existed. Sparks has 

also not stated how the alleged conspiracy deprived him of his constitutional rights.

We therefore affirm the district court’s dismissal. Sparks’s motions to 

introduce new evidence and to correct or amend his appellate brief are also 

DENIED.

AFFIRMED.

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