Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-2_10-cv-02009/USCOURTS-caed-2_10-cv-02009-40/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 

DANIEL MURPHY COSTON, 

Plaintiff, 

v. 

ANDREW NANGALAMA, et al., 

Defendants. 

No. 2:10-cv-02009-MCE-EFB (PC) 

CERTIFICATION OF FACTS AND ORDER 

TO SHOW CAUSE 

 Plaintiff is a state prisoner proceeding with counsel in an action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 

1983. On January 10, 2024, counsel for plaintiff and defendant Nangalama1 appeared to present 

arguments concerning plaintiff’s December 11, 2023 motion to compel (ECF No. 260). Having 

considered the briefing and arguments presented, the court granted the motion to compel and 

ordered supplemental briefing on whether non-party California State Prison, Sacramento (“CSPSac”) should be ordered to pay attorney fees to plaintiff’s counsel as a sanction for failure to 

timely comply with two Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45 subpoenas. The court has received 

the supplemental briefing. ECF Nos. 268, 269, & 272. For the reasons that follow, the court will 

certify facts demonstrating a prima facie case of contempt and issue an order to CSP-Sac to 

appear before the district judge to show cause why it should not be held in contempt and ordered 

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 Defense counsel, of the California Office of the Attorney General, appeared on behalf of 

non-party California State Prison – Sacramento. 

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to pay plaintiff attorney fees for the efforts spent to obtain compliance with the subpoena and 

related court orders. 

I. Background 

Plaintiff Daniel Coston sues defendant prison medical providers Dr. Nangalama and 

Nurse Hale, alleging that they unconstitutionally discontinued his morphine prescription without 

tapering or withdrawal treatment. At plaintiff’s request, the court issued two subpoenas duces 

tecum to CSP-Sac. CSP-Sac did not timely respond to either request. Because of the compliance 

dispute, counsel for plaintiff and CSP-Sac engaged in an extensive meet-and-confer process. 

Plaintiff filed a (first) motion to compel CSP-Sac’s compliance, but withdrew the motion after the 

parties meet-and-confer efforts resulted in the following stipulation and proposed order: 

WHEREAS, Mr. Coston personally served CSP-Sac with a Subpoena Duces 

Tecum (the “First Subpoena”) on November 15, 2022 and specified a return date 

of December 6, 2022; 

WHEREAS, CSP-Sac did not respond to Mr. Coston’s First Subpoena by the 

deadline; 

WHEREAS, on January 30, 2023, counsel for Mr. Coston served a second 

Subpoena Duces Tecum (the “Second Subpoena,” together with the First 

Subpoena, “the Subpoenas”) on CSP-Sac and specified a return date of February 

20, 2023; 

WHEREAS, CSP-Sac did not respond to Mr. Coston’s Second Subpoena by the 

deadline; 

WHEREAS, from December 2022 through June 2023, the Parties met and 

conferred extensively regarding CSP-Sac’s responses to the Subpoenas; 

WHEREAS, during the period of December 2022 through June 2023, CSP-Sac 

represented to counsel for Mr. Coston that it experienced staff shortages, a 

backlog of requests, and technical issues that contributed to the delays in its 

production in response to the Subpoenas; 

WHEREAS, on June 14, 2023, CSP-Sac represented that it had completed its 

production in response to both Subpoenas as of June 13, 2023; 

WHEREAS, on July 27, 2023, Mr. Coston filed a Motion to Compel Discovery 

from Non-Party California State Prison – Sacramento (the “Motion” ) due to CSPSac’s failure to conduct a diligent search and produce all documents responsive to 

the Subpoenas, and noticed the hearing for August 23, 2023 (ECF No. 247); 

WHEREAS, on July 27, 2023, the same day the Motion was filed, Mr. Coston’s 

counsel sent CSP-Sac’s counsel a draft Joint Statement of Discovery 

Disagreement (“Joint Statement”) detailing the facts relevant to the Motion, the 

Parties’ efforts to meet and confer, and Mr. Coston’s positions regarding the 

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deficiencies in CSP-Sac’s production in response to each request of the 

Subpoenas; 

WHEREAS, on August 8, 2023, CSP-Sac proposed this stipulation as a resolution 

to the Motion. 

STIPULATION 

NOW, THEREFORE,the Parties hereby respectfully ask this Court to enter the 

following Orders: 1. CSP-Sac shall conduct a diligent search for documents 

responsive to the requests of both Subpoenas and complete its production of those 

documents by August 23, 2023. 2. CSP-Sac shall prepare a declaration similar to 

the one ordered in Scruggs v. Vance, 2011 WL 6368297, at *13 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 

19, 2011) detailing the following for each request of the Subpoenas: 

(1) CSP-Sac’s efforts to find documents responsive to the request, 

(2) any document retention policy that affected CSP-Sac’s ability to produce 

documents responsive to the request, 

(3) any litigation hold that was placed on any of the documents requested, and 

(4) list any requested documents that were destroyed, when the destruction 

occurred, and append a copy of the document retention policy governing the 

destruction, and shall serve this declaration on Mr. Coston by August 25, 2023. 3. 

Mr. Coston’s Motion to Compel (ECF No. 247) is deemed WITHDRAWN and 

the August 23, 2023 hearing date is VACATED.

ECF No. 251. 

The court approved the stipulation and issued the proposed order on August 18, 2023. Id. 

(modified by order dated September 13, 2023, ECF No. 254). CSP-Sac was specifically ordered 

to “conduct a diligent search for documents responsive to the requests of both Subpoenas and 

complete its production of those documents by August 23, 2023” and to prepare and serve a 

declaration detailing CSP-Sac’s efforts to find responsive documents. Id. The order made clear 

that CSP-Sac must produce any document retention policy that affected its ability to produce 

responsive documents, and any litigation hold that was placed on any of the requested documents. 

Id. The order also plainly required CSP-Sac to list any requested documents that were destroyed, 

state when the destruction occurred, and append a copy of the document retention policy 

governing the destruction. ECF Nos. 251, 254. 

Still, compliance disputes persisted. Plaintiff filed a second motion to compel on October 

11, 2023, but again, pursuant to further meet-and-confer efforts, withdrew it. ECF Nos. 255, 257. 

A third motion to compel followed on December 11, 2023. ECF No. 260. The court heard 

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arguments on that motion on January 10, 2024 (ECF No. 264) and granted it, finding that CSPSac had not complied with its obligations in responding to the subpoenas nor with its obligations 

under the stipulated order to provide a Scruggs-type declaration. ECF No. 265. Plaintiff now 

seeks to recover fees incurred by having to litigate the compliance issues. 

Plaintiff initially moved for enforcement of the subpoenas under Rule 45 but sought his 

attorney’s fees as a sanction under Rule 37. ECF No. 260 at 2. At oral argument on the motion 

the court noted that Rule 45, not Rule 37, appeared to govern the request for fees but the question 

had not been briefed. The court instructed the parties to submit supplemental briefs on whether 

attorney’s fees could be awarded under Rule 45. The court observed at the hearing that CSPSac’s failure to comply was not substantially justified and that had Rule 37(a)(5) or (b)(2)(A) 

governed, an award of attorney’s fees would appear to be warranted. EFC No. 267 at 14. 

However, the court permitted counsel address in their supplemental briefs whether fees would be 

appropriate under either Rule 37 or Rule 45. 

II. Governing Law 

Rule 45 allows any party to serve a subpoena commanding a nonparty to “produce 

designated documents, electronically stored information, or tangible things in that person's 

possession, custody, or control.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(a)(1)(A)(iii). A person who fails to comply 

with a Rule 45 subpoena or related order “without adequate excuse” may be held in contempt. 

Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(g).2

 Rule 45(g) expressly provides authority for basing a contempt finding on 

failure to respond to a subpoena; moreover, courts have found that a Rule 45 subpoena constitutes 

an order of the court. E.g., Garcia v. Westland Farms, LLC, No. 1:20-cv-00190-KES-HBK, 2024 

U.S. Dist. LEXIS 70545, at *7 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 17, 2024). 

In a case, such as this one, where the parties have not consented to the jurisdiction of the 

magistrate judge, the undersigned lacks authority to hold CSP-Sac in civil contempt. 28 U.S.C. § 

2

 There are fundamental differences between the punitive purposes for criminal contempt 

and the compulsory/compensatory purposes of civil contempt. Likewise, the procedures to be 

followed differ. See e.g., Falstaff Brewing Corp. v. Miller Brewing Corp, 702 F.2d 770 (9th Cir. 

1983). Here, the issue is civil contempt. Plaintiff requests attorney’s fees as compensation for a 

failure to obey subpoenas and a failure to obey a subsequent order to comply with those 

subpoenas. 

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636(e); Delorme v. Big Think, Inc., No. 2:23-mc-00037-FLA-MAR, 2023 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 

73045, at *4 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 26, 2023). Instead, federal law directs the magistrate judge to 

investigate whether plaintiff has shown facts demonstrating that further contempt proceedings are 

warranted and, if so, certify those facts and order the responding party to show cause why they 

should not be held in contempt by reason of those facts. 28 U.S.C. § 636(e)(6)(B). “Essentially, 

the magistrate judge’s role is to determine whether plaintiff has established a prima facie case of 

contempt – i.e., whether plaintiff has shown by clear and convincing evidence that [the 

responding party] violated a court order.” Delorme, 2023 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 73045, at *5. 

III. Analysis 

As provided above, the question here is whether plaintiff has shown by clear and 

convincing evidence that CSP-Sac violated a court order. If the court determines that plaintiff has 

made a prima facie case supporting a finding of contempt, the burden shifts to CSP-Sac “to show 

categorically and in detail why they were unable to comply with the court’s previous order.” 

Donovan v. Mazzola, 716 F.2d 1226, 1240 (9th Cir. 1983); Moore v. Chase, Inc., No. 1:14-CV01178-SKO, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 133381, at *8 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 29, 2015). 

Plaintiff has provided the following evidence supporting his assertion that CSP-Sac has 

violated three orders issued by this court - the two Rule 45 subpoenas and the August 18, 2023 

order: 

x In the August 18, 2023 order, CSP-Sac stipulated that it had failed to timely 

respond to both subpoenas. ECF No. 251. 

x CSP-Sac further stipulated that, in providing responsive documents, it would also 

provide a detailed declaration describing efforts taken to respond. Id. 

x In ruling on plaintiff’s motion to compel, the court found that CSP-Sac had not 

complied with the subpoenas or the stipulated order and ordered CSP-Sac to 

provide further responses and declarations. ECF No. 265; see also ECF No. 267 

(transcript of hearing on motion to compel) at 3-4, 9-10. 

This evidence establishes a prima facie case that CSP-Sac violated the court’s orders. 

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CSP-Sac has not responded to this evidence, instead arguing that plaintiff’s request for 

sanctions should fail because plaintiff originally proceeded under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 

37, rather than Rule 45(g) and the process outlined in the Governing Law section, supra. How 

plaintiff initially proceeded, however, does not void his current request that the court find CSPSac in contempt and impose monetary sanctions pursuant to Rule 45(g) in the form of attorney 

fees for its failure to comply with the subpoenas and stipulated order. 

Indeed, the evidence is difficult for CSP-Sac to dispute, as it consists of facts CSP-Sac 

itself has stipulated to and facts found by the court in granting plaintiff’s motion to compel. 

CSP-Sac also argues that the court already ordered that further discovery be conducted to 

ensure responsive documents are produced and therefore no other remedy, including monetary 

sanctions, is available. CSP-Sac notes that the court, in granting plaintiff’s motion to compel, 

ordered that further discovery be conducted, including the depositions of employees of the 

California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation on the issues underlying this discovery 

dispute and to ensure that responsive evidence is produced. CSP-Sac’s argument in this regard 

focuses on one of the two purposes of civil contempt, i.e., the compulsory purpose. But as CSPSac concedes, civil contempt is not only meant to compel obedience with a court order; it has an 

alternative purpose of “compensat[ing] the contemnor’s adversary for the injuries resulting from 

the non-compliance.” ECF No. 269 at 3, citing Falstaff Brewing Corp. v. Miller Brewing Co., 

702 F.2d 770, 778 (9th Cir. 1983). Plaintiff’s motion focuses on compensation. Plaintiff seeks to 

recover the fees he was forced to incur by having to litigate motions to compel CSP-Sac’s 

compliance. As the uncontroverted facts demonstrate, plaintiff’s counsel had to expend time and 

effort pursuing a protracted round of litigation and ultimately a contested motion to compel to 

finally obtain the evidence sought by the subpoenas. 

Accordingly, the undersigned finds that plaintiff has presented clear and convincing 

evidence that CSP-Sac violated two Rule 45 subpoenas and the court’s August 18, 2023 order. 

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IV. Certification of Facts and Order to Show Cause 

For the foregoing reasons, the undersigned hereby CERTIFIES THE FOLLOWING 

FACTS as established by clear and convincing evidence: 

1. That CSP-Sac violated its obligation to respond to the November 14, 2022 Rule 45 

subpoena; 

2. That CSP-Sac violated its obligation to respond to the January 27, 2023 Rule 45 

subpoena; and 

3. That CSP-Sac violated the court’s August 18, 2023 order. 

It is further ORDERED that, at a time to be set by the District Judge, CSP-Sac appear to show 

cause why it should not be found in contempt pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45(g), 

and, as a monetary sanction be required to compensate plaintiff for the attorney’s fees incurred to 

compel compliance with the subpoenas and stipulated orders. 

Dated: August 23, 2024 

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