Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-azd-2_11-cv-00895/USCOURTS-azd-2_11-cv-00895-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 530
Nature of Suit: Prisoner Petitions - Habeas Corpus
Cause of Action: 28:2241 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (Federal)

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WO

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

Gerald Lynn McIntire, 

Petitioner, 

vs.

Dennis R. Smith, 

Respondent. 

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No. CV-11-0895-PHX-FJM

ORDER

The court has before it petitioner’s petition for writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28

U.S.C. § 2241 (doc. 1), respondent’s response (doc. 9), petitioner’s reply (doc. 12), the

Report and Recommendation by the United States Magistrate Judge (doc. 13), and

petitioner’s objections (doc. 14).

In his petition for writ of habeas corpus, petitioner challenges the Bureau of Prison’s

(BOP) determination that his current conviction for felon in possession of ammunition

precludes him from a sentence reduction following his successful completion of the prison’s

drug abuse treatment program. Petitioner is currently serving a 63-month sentence, followed

by 3 years of supervised release, for possession of ammunition by a convicted felon, in

violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). The BOP denied petitioner’s request for early release,

concluding that his conviction for felon in possession of ammunition makes him ineligible

for early release under 18 U.S.C. § 3621(e)(2). 

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In 1990, Congress directed the BOP to provide drug abuse treatment programs for

prisoners with substance addiction. 18 U.S.C. § 3621(e). To encourage participation in the

program, Congress provided for an early release incentive for those successfully completing

the program. Id. § 3621(e)(2). The statute provides that the BOP may reduce by up to one

year the sentence of a prisoner who (1) was convicted of a nonviolent offense, and (2)

successfully completes the drug abuse treatment program. Id. § 3621(e)(2)(B). Determining

which prisoners are eligible to participate in the drug treatment program, as well as whether

prisoners are eligible for early release upon successful completion of the program, is within

the BOP’s broad discretion. 18 U.S.C. § 3621(e)(5)(B), § 3621(e)(2)(B). 

In Lopez v. Davis, 531 U.S. 230, 239, 121 S. Ct. 714, 721 (2001), the Court held that

the BOP permissibly exercised its discretion under § 3621(e)(2)(B) when it categorically

excluded from early release those inmates whose current offense was a felony involving a

firearm, notwithstanding that those offenses are defined as “nonviolent” under existing

authority. The Supreme Court found that the statute’s restriction on early release eligibility

to “nonviolent” offenders does not limit the BOP’s discretion to determine who among those

nonviolent offenders will be granted early release. Id.

The Ninth Circuit has held that the BOP’s categorical exclusion from early release

eligibility of felons in possession is not based on a conclusion that felon in possession is a

“crime of violence,” but rather rests on the BOP’s “broad discretion in administering the

sentence reduction treatment program.” Bowen v. Hood, 202 F.3d 1211, 1219 (9th Cir.

2000) (citation omitted). The court reasoned that the BOP made a “common-sense decision

that there is a significant potential for violence from criminals who carry, possess or use

firearms while engaged in their felonious employment, even if they have wound up

committing a nonviolent offense this time.” Id. Therefore, the BOP has the authority to

categorically exclude from early release eligibility those prisoners convicted of felon in

possession, even though the offense is nonviolent in nature.

Petitioner correctly asserts that 28 C.F.R. § 550.55, the regulation governing early

release eligibility, excludes inmates convicted of felon in possession of a firearm, but does

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not expressly exclude inmates convicted of felon in possession of ammunition. However,

Program Statement 5162.05, an internal BOP guideline, provides that “[a]ll offenses under

18 U.S.C. § 922(g) shall preclude an inmate from receiving certain Bureau program

benefits,” including eligibility for early release. Id. at 28. Expressly included within the

offenses under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) is felon in possession of ammunition. See 18 U.S.C. §

922(g) (“It shall be unlawful for any person—(1) who has been convicted in any court of a

crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year . . . [to] possess . . . any

firearm or ammunition.” (Emphasis added). Because 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) incorporates within

its offense definition felons who possess ammunition, we agree with the Magistrate Judge

that, pursuant to Program Statement 5162.05, petitioner’s conviction under § 922(g)(1) for

felon in possession of ammunition precludes him from early release eligibility under 18

U.S.C. § 3621(e)(2)(B). Therefore, we accept the recommended decision of the Magistrate

Judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1).

IT IS ORDERED DENYING the petition for writ of habeas corpus (doc. 1). 

We also conclude that reasonable jurists would not find our assessment of the

constitutional claims debatable or wrong. Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 478, 120 S. Ct.

1595, 1601 (2000). Accordingly, IT IS FURTHER ORDERED DENYING a certificate

of appealability and leave to proceed in forma pauperis.

DATED this 20th day of April, 2012.

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