Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_18-cv-00538/USCOURTS-casd-3_18-cv-00538-2/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 190
Nature of Suit: Other Contract Actions
Cause of Action: 

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

NORMERICA INTERNATIONAL 

CORPORATION, a Barbados 

corporation; and NORMERICA INC., an 

Ontario corporation,

Plaintiffs,

v.

LITTERPURRFECT, L.P., a California 

limited partnership; and IN BOCCA AL 

LUPO, INC., a California corporation ,

Defendants.

Case No.: 3:18-cv-0538-CAB-MDD

ORDER ON MOTION FOR LEAVE 

TO FILE SECOND AMENDED 

COUNTERCLAIM

[Doc. No. 49.]

This matter comes before the Court on Defendant LitterPurrfect L.P’s Motion for

Leave to File a Second Amended Counterclaim. [Doc. No. 49.] The motion has been fully 

briefed and the Court finds it suitable for determination on the papers submitted and 

without oral argument in accordance with Civil Local Rule 7.1(d)(1).

I. Procedural Background

On March 14, 2018, Plaintiffs Normerica International Corporation and Normerica 

Inc. (collectively “Normerica”) filed suit in this action alleging breach of contract, quantum 

meruit and open book claims against Defendants. [Doc. No. 1.] The claims stem from the 

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parties long standing business relationship whereby Normerica supplied Costco with all 

the cat litter products that LitterPurrfect (“LP”) had sold to Costco. [Doc. No. 1 at ¶ 9.]

The complaint was amended on March 22, 2018 and continues to allege the same 

three causes of action. [Doc. No. 6.] Defendants answered, with LP filing a counterclaim. 

[Doc. Nos. 11, 12.]

On April 9, 2018, Normerica sought a writ of attachment which was granted by the 

Court on May 4, 2018. [Doc. Nos. 8, 21.] 

On April 30, 2018, Normerica moved to dismiss LP’s counterclaims. [Doc. No. 18.] 

LP responded by filing an Amended Counterclaim. [Doc. No. 23.]

Upon the filing of the Amended Counterclaims, Normerica again moved to dismiss

on June 11, 2018 [Doc. No. 29]. Counterclaim-defendants Lawrence Katz and Keith 

Wilson also filed a motion to dismiss on July 27, 2018 [Doc. No. 49]. The motions have 

been fully briefed. [Doc. No. 52, 55] 

Additional motion practice has also occurred. On June 29, 2018, Normerica filed a 

Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. No. 31] which was denied by the Court [Doc. No. 

58]. On the same day, Normerica also filed an Emergency Motion for Order to Show Cause 

Why Defendants Should Not Be Held in Contempt of Court [Doc. No. 34]. On July 18, 

2018 an oral hearing was held on the emergency motion, with the Court declining

Normerica’s request. [Doc. Nos. 46, 47.] 

On August 1, 2018, Defendant LP filed a Motion for Leave to File a Second 

Amended Counterclaim [Doc. No. 49]1. Defendant LP now seeks to amend to add three 

new causes of action namely: federal unfair competition and false designation of origin in 

violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1125(A); common law trademark infringement; and state and 

 

1 The Scheduling Order issued by Judge Dembin gave the parties up to August 3, 2018, to file any motion 

to amend the pleadings. [Doc. No. 38 at ¶ 2.]

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common law unfair competition. Normerica filed a response in opposition to LP’s motion 

[Doc. Nos. 52] and LP filed its reply [Doc. No. 57].

II. Discussion

Defendant seeks leave to amend under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a), which 

states “[t]he court shall freely give when justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2).

Courts commonly use four factors to determine the propriety of a motion for leave 

to amend: bad faith, undue delay, prejudice to the opposing party, and futility of 

amendment. Ditto v. McCurdy, 510 F.3d 1070, 1078-79 (9th Cir. 2007); Loehr v. Ventura 

Cnty. Cmty. Coll. Dist., 743 F.2d 1310, 1319 (9th Cir. 1984); Howey v. United States, 481 

F.2d 1187, 1190 (9th Cir. 1973). These factors, however, are not of equal weight, with 

delay alone being an insufficient ground for denial of leave to amend. United States v. 

Webb, 655 F.2d 977 (9th Cir. 1981). “When weighing these factors . . . all inferences 

should be made in favor of granting the motion to amend.” Hofstetter v. Chase Home Fin., 

LLC, 751 F. Supp. 2d 1116, 1122 (N.D. Cal 2010) (citing Griggs v. Pace Am. Grp., Inc., 

170 F.3d 877, 880 (9th Cir. 1999)).

 Normerica opposes amendment on the grounds that LP has had knowledge of the 

alleged trademark claims since May 24, 2018, yet did not move to add these claims until 

August 1, 2018, meaning “LP’s attempt to now seek leave to file a SAC is nothing more 

than a meritless distraction from pending motions.” [Doc. No. 54 at 4.] Further, Normerica 

cites to the inevitable undue delay that will result from adding claims to the litigation, the 

prejudice it will suffer from having to expend resources responding to a third counterclaim 

and the fact LP has already had the opportunity to amend its counterclaim as justification 

for why leave should be denied.

For the reasons detailed below, the Court holds that allowing Defendant LP to file 

an amended counterclaim would not prejudice Normerica and that Normerica has not made 

a “strong showing” of futility necessary to overcome the presumption in favor of granting 

leave to amend. See Eminence Capital, LLC v. Aspeon, Inc., 316 F.3d 1048, 1052 (9th Cir. 

2003).

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Futility of Amendment

“[A] proposed amendment is futile only if no set of facts can be proved under the 

amendment to the pleadings that would constitute a valid and sufficient claim or defense.” 

Miller v. Rykoff-Sexton, Inc., 845 F.2d 209, 214 (9th Cir. 1988); see also California v. 

Neville Chem. Co., 358 F.3d 661, 673-74 (9th Cir. 2004) (“Futility includes the inevitability 

of a claim’s defeat on summary judgment.”) (quoting Johnson v. Am. Airlines, Inc., 834 

F.2d 721, 724 (9th Cir. 1987)). Futile amendments to a complaint should not be permitted. 

DCD Programs, Ltd. v. Leighton, 833 F.2d 183, 188 (9th Cir. 1987) (citations omitted.). 

Here, the amended counterclaim alleges trademark infringement and violations of 

protections for LP’s longstanding use of the name “LitterPurrfect.” Normerica does not 

make any reference to the futility of LP’s new claims in its opposition. Accordingly, the 

Court cannot conclude that amendment of Defendant’s counterclaim would be clearly 

futile.

Undue Prejudice

The Ninth Circuit and others have held that “it is the consideration of prejudice to 

the opposing party that carries the greatest weight.” Eminence Capital, 316 F.3d at 1052. 

The party opposing a motion to amend bears the burden of showing prejudice. DCD 

Programs, 833 F.2d at 187. “Absent prejudice, or a strong showing of any of the remaining 

Foman factors, there exists a presumption under Rule 15(a) in favor of granting leave to 

amend.” Id. 

Here, Normerica contends that allowing amendment would extend the length of the 

judicial proceedings and delay this litigation, and that it would be prejudiced because of 

the additional time and costs associated with briefing another motion to dismiss. But the 

Court is not persuaded that Normerica would be unduly prejudiced by the addition of the 

news claim because the additions will neither “greatly alter[] the nature of the litigation 

[nor] require[] [Normerica] to . . . undertake[], at a late hour, an entirely new course of 

defense.” See Morongo Band of Mission Indians v. Rose, 893 F.2d 1074, 1079 (9th Cir. 

1990); see also Sierra Club v. Penfold, 857 F.2d 1307, 1315 (9th Cir. 1988) ([O]nce the 

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defendant is in court on a claim arising out of a particular transaction or set of facts, he is 

not prejudiced if another claim, arising out of the same facts, is added.”). LP’s amendment 

relates to facts beginning in March 2018 when Normerica filed a trademark application for 

Simply Purrfect, will therefore not require voluminous discovery and will have little impact 

on the length of the judicial proceedings since the trial date is not until May 20, 2019, and 

discovery is still ongoing. While there is some evidence that Normerica will be prejudiced 

by the addition of the new claims, it does not rise to the level sufficient for the Court to 

consider it to be “unduly” prejudicial. Therefore, this factor weighs in favor of granting 

leave to amend.

Undue Delay

Normerica takes issue with the fact that Defendant LP waited over two months, until 

August 1, 2018 to file the current motion, arguing that LP was aware of the facts giving 

rise to the alleged new trademark related claims as early as May 24, 2018 when it sent its 

first set of requests for production of documents to Normerica. [Doc. No. 54 at 3-4.] 

Defense counsel maintains that he did not acquire the necessary information to file the 

trademark violation claims until late July of 2018. [Doc. No. 57-1.] The Court finds 

nothing untoward in Defendant’s behavior. Defendant filed the leave to amend two days 

before the deadline set by the Court and in a timely manner once it became aware of the 

alleged trademark infringement. Thus, the Court does not find this factor weighs against 

granting the leave to amend. See Howey, 481 F.2d at 1190-91 (delay alone is not sufficient 

to justify the denial of a motion requesting leave to amend). 

Bad Faith

There is nothing in the record to suggest that the leave to amend is being sought in 

bad faith, therefore there is no cause to deny the leave to amend on this basis.

Prior Amendments

Normerica argues that Defendant’s previously amended pleading supports denial of 

the leave to amend. See DCD Programs, 833 F.2d at 186 (providing “a district court’s 

discretion over amendments is especially broad ‘where the court has already given a 

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plaintiff one or more opportunities to amend his complaints....’” (quoting Mir v. Fosburg, 

646 F.2d 342, 347 (9th Cir. 1980)). But, the facts related to the trademark infringement 

issues were not known to LP until after the previous amendment was filed. Considering 

the circumstances surrounding the earlier amendment, the Court does not find this factor 

weighs against granting the leave to amend. 

III. Conclusion

Accordingly, the Court GRANTS Defendant’s motion [Doc. No. 49] for leave to 

file a second amended counterclaim. The Clerk SHALL DOCKET the Exhibit attached to 

the motion for leave to file second amended counterclaim [Doc. No. 49-5] as Defendant

LitterPurrfect’s Second Amended Counterclaim. Counter-Claim Defendants Normerica, 

Lawrence Katz and Keith Wilson shall respond to the amended counterclaim within the 

limits established by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. In light of the amended 

pleading, the Court HEREBY DENIES WITHOUT PREJUDICE and AS MOOT the

pending Motions to Dismiss [Doc. Nos. 29, 48].

It is SO ORDERED.

Dated: September 20, 2018

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