Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-azd-2_12-cv-02447/USCOURTS-azd-2_12-cv-02447-1/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 864
Nature of Suit: Social Security - SSID Title XVI
Cause of Action: 42:405 Review of HHS Decision (SSID)

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

Tamra Ann Jolley, 

Plaintiff, 

vs.

Carolyn W. Colvin, 

Defendant. 

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No. CV 12-2447-PHX-JAT

ORDER

I. Defendant’s motion to remand

As this Court noted in the Order of December 19, 2013:

Plaintiff in this case applied for and was denied social security disability

benefits. Plaintiff appealed that denial to this Court. On appeal, Defendant

has conceded error and asked this Court to remand to the agency for further

findings. Plaintiff argues that remand should be for an immediate award of

benefits and not for further findings.

Doc. 24.

The Court ordered supplemental briefing on the parties’ respective positions as

follows:

[T]he motion to remand claims that the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) erred

in several respects regarding Plaintiff’s mental limitations. Conversely, the

response argues that regardless of the errors the ALJ committed on the mental

limitations, the ALJ’s errors regarding Plaintiff’s physical limitations (as

recounted by her treating physicians, herself, and third parties) alone justify a

remand for award of benefits. Plaintiff then argues that the ALJ’s errors as

admitted by Defendant regarding mental limitations do not justify remand for

a completely new determination on the physical limitations. Again, Defendant

did not file a reply to address any of these arguments.

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Id.

Consistent with the Court’s Order, the parties filed supplemental briefs on the physical

limitations and whether a remand for a new determination or benefits is appropriate. As

discussed above, Defendant has moved for remand for the ALJ to properly consider

Plaintiff’s mental limitation. In the supplemental briefing, Defendant argues that the ALJ’s

determination that Plaintiff’s physical limitations do not entitle her to benefits should be

affirmed. However, Defendant states, “In any event, on remand, Plaintiff will receive a de

novo hearing and will have the opportunity to present all the evidence related to both her

physical and mental impairments to the ALJ, who will re-evaluate her residual functional

capacity based on the record as a whole.” Doc. 25 at 7. In her sur-reply, Plaintiff continues

to argue that based on her physical limitations alone, she is entitled to a remand for an award

of benefits.

A. Plaintiff’s physical limitations

1. Treating physicians

The ALJ can reject the opinion of a treating physician in favor of the conflicting

opinion of another examining physician “if the ALJ makes ‘findings setting forth specific,

legitimate reasons for doing so that are based on substantial evidence in the record.’ ”

Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 957 (9th Cir. 2002) (quoting Magallanes v. Bowen, 881

F.2d 747, 751 (9th Cir.1989)). Here, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ did not give specific and

legitimate reasons for discrediting the testimony of Drs. Bhatka, Bernstein, and Yonan. Doc.

21 at 2. 

Drs. Bhatka and Bernstein diagnosed Plaintiff with degenerative disc disease and

fibromyalgia. Doc. 21 at 2. The ALJ articulated the following reasons for rejecting these

diagnoses as disabling:

1. A May 2008 normal MRI with no fracture or subluxation or evidence of herniated

disc, spinal stenosis, neural foraminal narrowing, or marrow edem. .

2. An April 2008 self report of improvement with steroid injections.

3. An October 2008 MRI with only mild degenerative change and minimal disc bulge.

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4. A December 2008 clinical finding of normal gait, and normal walking, negative

Romberg, 3+ reflexes, good range of motion, ability to flex well beyond 90 degrees,

and straight leg raising and hip range of motion being negative.

5. A June 2009 physical examination of the musculoskeletal system with no joint pain,

swelling, injury, limitation on motion; no muscle weakness, pain, cramps; and a full

range of motion with good muscle tone and no joint inflammation.

6. January 2010 progress notes documented normal gait and station, and Plaintiff had

a full range of motion in all extremities.

7. In 2007 through 2009 Plaintiff’s diagnosed fibromyalgia was successfully managed

with medication.

8. In 2010, Dr. Bhatka’s own records indicated that fibromyalgia was a past medical

condition, not a current condition.

Doc. 10-3 at 23-24.

The ALJ further explicitly discounted Dr. Bhatka’s endorsement of disability because

Dr. Bhatka’s own treatment notes were consistent with only a mild impairment. Doc. 10-3

at 28. Finally, the ALJ explicitly reject the disability finding of Nurse Practitioner Leisky,

which was endorsed by Dr. Bernstein, because the finding that the fibromyalgia was

disabling was inconsistent with the medical records that showed it was managed and

improved with pain medication. Doc. 10-3 at 28. The Court finds the above list, together

with the ALJ’s explicit findings as to these doctors, to be specific and legitimate reasons

based on substantial evidence of record to the reject the testimony of Drs. Bhatka and

Bernstein. 

Dr. Yonan diagnosed Plaintiff with pulmonary symptoms, shortness of breath, sleep

apnea, and hypersomnolence syndrom. Doc. 21 at 2; Doc. 13 at 4. The ALJ articulated the

following reasons for rejecting these diagnoses as disabling:

1. An August 5, 2009 sleep study of claimant failed to demonstrate significant sleep

breathing disorders.

2. An August 25, 2009 split night report, Plaintiff’s oxygen intake was assisted by a by

a CPAC mask.

3. A September 2009, self report that Plaintiff’s sleep apnea was aided by servo

ventilation.

4. By March 2010, Plaintiff’s sleep apnea had improved, with only occasional episodes

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and there was improvement by using the CPAC machine.

5. By April 2010, Plaintiff had stopped using the CPAC device, which evidenced that

the sleep apnea had resolved and/or was not disabling.

6. In April 2008 and May 2008 exams, Plaintiff’s chest and lungs were normal and clear.

7. In August 2008 when Plaintiff had bronchitis, Plaintiff was negative for Sjogren’s

syndrome, various inflammatory markers, pneumonia and infective etiology.

8. In September 2008, Plaintiff had only mild shortness of breath and was negative for

hemoptysis and sputum production; Plaintiff’s chest was within normal limits, and her

condition was aided by nebulized medication and a pulmonary functioning test

disclosed only mild abnormality.

9. In November 2008 Plaintiff’s pulmonary status was stable and Plaintiff had no

wheezing, coughing, congestion, hemoptysis, respiratory infections, tuberculosis, or

chest wall pain.

10. In December 2008, Plaintiff’s lungs were clear to auscultation and pulmonary

function testing revealed only mild bronchial abnormality. By April 2009, Plaintiff

was “doing well” as to her asthma.

11. In April 2009, treating physician Bhatka’s notes state that Plaintiff’s respiratory

system was normal and that her lungs were clear to auscultation in all fields with no

rales, rhonchi, or wheezes.

12. In August 2009, a pulmonary examination revealed no wheezing, cough, congestion,

hemoptysis, respiratory infections, tuberculosis or chest wall pain.

13. In October and November 2009, Dr. Yonan’s own notes document that Plaintiff’s

pulmonary status was stable and that her pulmonary function testing showed no

significant restrictive or obstructive pulmonary pathologies.

14. In March 2010, Plaintiff self reported that she was okay and did not have shortness

of breath, wheezing, cough, or congestion and that her asthma was improved.

15. A July 2010 treatment record characterized Plaintiff’s pulmonary status as stable.

Doc. 10-3 at 24-26.

Finally, the ALJ explicitly discounted Dr. Yonan’s conclusion of disability because

Dr. Yonan’s own notes consistently established that Plaintiff’s pulmonary status was stable.

Doc. 10-3 at 28. The Court finds the above list, with the ALJ’s explicit finding as to Dr.

Yonan, to be specific and legitimate reasons based on substantial evidence of record to reject

the testimony of Dr. Yonan. 

Accordingly, the Court affirms the ALJ’s decision of non-disability based Plaintiff’s

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physical limitations.

2. Plaintiff’s subjective complaints

An ALJ must engage in a two-step analysis to determine

whether a claimant’s testimony regarding subjective pain or

symptoms is credible. Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1035–36. First,

as a threshold matter, “the ALJ must determine whether the

claimant has presented objective medical evidence of an

underlying impairment ‘which could reasonably be expected to

produce the pain or other symptoms alleged.’ ” Id. at 1036

(quoting Bunnell, 947 F.2d at 344). The claimant is not required

to show objective medical evidence of the pain itself or of a

causal relationship between the impairment and the symptom.

Smolen, 80 F.3d 1273, 1282 (9th Cir. 1996). Instead, the

claimant must only show that an objectively verifiable

impairment “could reasonably be expected” to produce the

claimed pain. Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1036 (quoting Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1282); see also SSR 96–7p at 2; Carmickle, 533 F.3d

at 1160–61 (“reasonable inference, not a medically proven

phenomenon”). If the claimant fails this threshold test, then the

ALJ may reject the claimant’s subjective complaints. See,

Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1281 (citing Cotton v. Bowen, 799 F.2d 1403

(9th Cir. 1986) (reaffirmed in Bunnell, 947 F.2d 341)).

Second, if the claimant meets the first test, then the ALJ “ ‘may

not discredit a claimant’s testimony of pain and deny disability

benefits solely because the degree of pain alleged by the

claimant is not supported by objective medical evidence.’ ”

Orteza v. Shalala, 50 F.3d 748, 749–750 (9th Cir. 1995)

(quoting Bunnell, 947 F.2d at 346–47). Rather, “unless an ALJ

makes a finding of malingering based on affirmative evidence

thereof,” the ALJ may only find the claimant not credible by

making specific findings supported by the record that provide

clear and convincing reasons to explain his credibility

evaluation. Robbins, 466 F.3d at 883 (citing Smolen, 80 F.3d at

1283–84 (“Once a claimant meets [step one] and there is no

affirmative evidence suggesting she is malingering, the ALJ

may reject the claimant’s testimony regarding the severity of her

symptoms only if he makes specific findings stating clear and

convincing reasons for doing so.”)); see also, e.g., Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1036 (if the ALJ has found no evidence of

malingering, then the ALJ may reject the claimant’s testimony

“only by offering specific, clear and convincing reasons for

doing so”).

Trembulak v. Colvin, No. CV-12-02420-PHX-JAT, 2014 WL 523007, at *8–9 (D. Ariz. Feb.

10, 2014)).

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to provide clear and convincing reasons to explain

the ALJ’s credibility evaluation of Plaintiff. At one point in the opinion, the ALJ states: 

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After careful consideration of the evidence, the undersigned finds that the

claimant’s medically determinable impairments could reasonably be expected

to cause the alleged symptoms; however, the claimant’s statements concerning

the intensity, persistence and limited effects of these symptoms are not

credible to the extent they are inconsistent with the above residual functional

capacity.

Doc. 10-3 at 27. Plaintiff argues this reasoning is inadequate because it is circular. Doc. 21

at 6 (“The ALJ rejected [Plaintiff’s] testimony to the extent it conflicted with his RFC

assessment, but the RFC assessment is supposed to be informed by a claimant’s testimony.”).

Beyond the above quoted language, the ALJ made other findings regarding Plaintiff’s

self-reported symptoms and credibility. Specifically, the ALJ stated:

The claimant reports problems with focus, memory and concentration. She

also reports that she is unable to count change, pay bills, or handle a savings

account or check book. On the other hand, the clamant states she is able to

read and knit, which require focus and concentration. The claimant also

reportedly knows how to use a computer, and enjoys working on puzzles.

Doc. 10-3 at 22 (internal citations to the record omitted). Thus, the ALJ gave the additional

reason for discounting Plaintiff’s symptom testimony that the Plaintiff’s own self-reported

symptoms were not consistent.

Additionally, the ALJ noted Plaintiff’s narcotic dependancy, which included stealing,

in detail. Specifically, the ALJ recounted:

Lastly, the record is significant for narcotic dependency. Medical records

document a history of high dose narcotic medication, including the drugs

morphine and Percocet. In October 2008, the claimant’s pain management

speciality, Dr. Jain, reportedly was “uncomfortable” giving the claimant

further pain medications. In April 2010, the claimant reportedly was abusing

Percocet on a regular basis. On October 2, 2009, the claimant’s mother

reported year-long addiction behavior, and advised the claimant’s therapist at

Terros that the claimant had been admitted to Banner Thunderbird after an

accidental overdose on the anti-anxiety medication Ativan. The claimant

reportedly admitted stealing and taking her mother’s Soma pain medications.

In November 2009, claimant’s pulmonologist, Dr. Abdullah Yonan, diagnosed

the claimant with narcotic dependence.

Doc. 10-3 at 27 (internal citations to the record omitted).

Evidence of a plaintiff’s drug seeking behavior can be a reason to find the plaintiff not

credible. See Edlund v. Massanari, 253 F.3d 1152, 1157 (9th Cir. 2001) (upholding the

rejection on a doctor’s opinion that was premised on the plaintiff’s non-credible self-reported

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symptoms). In this case, the ALJ found that the claimant exhibited significant narcotic

dependency, including stealing to obtain drugs, and that her own symptom testimony was

inconsistent. The Court finds that these reasons are clear and convincing reasons supported

by substantial evidence of record for the ALJ to have discounted Plaintiff’s credibility and

symptom testimony.

3. Third party lay witness testimony

Next, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ “failed to even mention” Plaintiff’s mother’s

reporting of Plaintiff’s symptoms. Doc. 21 at 7. However, the ALJ addressed Plaintiff’s

mother’s testimony in two places in his opinion.

First, the ALJ noted that he had a Third Party Function Report from Plaintiff’s mother

which indicated that Plaintiff is able to independently shop for groceries. Doc. 10-3 at 22.

Second, the ALJ noted that in 2009, Plaintiff’s mother reported year-long addiction behavior,

including an accidental overdose. Id. at 27.

Plaintiff’s mother’s Third Party Function Report has more information in it that the

two items specifically identified by the ALJ. For example, it says that Plaintiff bathes several

times per day and at night to try to relax. Doc. 10-7 at 18. 

Under Dodrill v. Shalala, 12 F.3d 915, 919 (9th Cir. 1993), “[i]f the ALJ wishes to

discount the testimony of the lay witness[], he must give reasons that are germane to each

witness.” In this case, while the ALJ clearly considered Plaintiff’s mother’s Third Party

Function report, he did not articulate a specific “germane” reason why he was rejecting the

report. 

This Court too has reviewed the report as a whole. Doc. 10-7 at 16-23. The Court

notes that in the report, Plaintiff’s mother opined, “now she can not work, needs help w/

cleaning , laundry, meals, bills”. Doc. 10-7 at 17. This third-party-lay opinion would favor

a remand for an award of benefits. However, even when an ALJ has failed to give germane

reasons for discounting a lay witness’s testimony, this Court can affirm if the error was

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1

 Because the Government has conceded error regarding Plaintiff’s mental limitations,

remand will be the ultimate result in this case. However, the Court will nonetheless apply

the harmless error standard to determine whether remand for award of immediate benefits

is appropriate.

2

 Further, on de novo review, the ALJ should assess Plaintiff’s mother’s credibility

considering that Plaintiff’s therapist noted that Plaintiff was concerned about her mother’s

motivations. Doc. 10-19 at 28. Specifically, the therapist noted: “CLIENT VENTED

ABOUT CONTINUOUS ISSUES IN LIVING WITH HER PARENTS.... CLIENT

INDICATED SHE HAS A SSN APPLICATION PENDING.... CLIENT HOPES TO

MOVE OUT ON HER OWN IF SHE IS APPROVED. CLIENT STATED SHE KNOWS

THAT IF SHE GETS APPROVED THEN SHE WILL GET A LUMP SUM AND HER

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harmless.1 Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1115 (9th Cir. 2012). Specifically, the Court in

Molina stated:

[I]f an ALJ has provided well-supported grounds for rejecting testimony

regarding specified limitations, we cannot ignore the ALJ’s reasoning and

reverse the agency merely because the ALJ did not expressly discredit each

witness who described the same limitations. Further, where the ALJ rejects a

witness’s testimony without providing germane reasons, but has already

provided germane reasons for rejecting similar testimony, we cannot reverse

the agency merely because the ALJ did not “clearly link his determination to

those reasons.” Lewis, 236 F.3d at 512. 

Molina, 674 F.3d at 1121.

Here, the ALJ rejected the same symptom and limitation testimony offered by

Plaintiff’s mother in rejecting Plaintiff’s own complaints and Plaintiff’s doctor’s testimony.

Accordingly, the ALJ was not required to “link” his rejections of those same symptoms to

Plaintiff’s mother’s report. Additionally, the ALJ is not required to give deference to

Plaintiff’s mother’s legal conclusion about whether Plaintiff is disabled. See generally

McLeod v. Astrue, 640 F.3d 881, 884-85 (9th Cir. 2011) (holding that the ALJ does not have

to give deference to a witness’s opinion on “the ultimate determination of disability”). 

Thus, based on all of the foregoing, the Court finds that the ALJ’s failure to give

specific, germane reasons for discrediting Plaintiff’s mother’s report was harmless error.

Nonetheless, the Court will remand this case for a de novo determination, at which point

Plaintiff can argue that the ALJ should rely more heavily on Plaintiff’s mother’s report.2

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MOTHER WILL WANT TO CONTROL THE MONEY. CLIENT REPORTED THAT

SHE ALSO FEELS THAT HER PARENTS WILL DEMAND THAT THEY GET

REIMBURSED FOR ALLOWING HER TO STAY WITH THEM ALL THIS TIME.”

Id. (emphasis added).

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B. Combination of Impairments

Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ erred in considering her medical evidence by

considering each of her symptoms separately and not as a combination of symptoms. Doc.

21 at 4. In his opinion, the ALJ stated, “In sum, after a careful review of the record, the

undersigned finds the claimant does not have an impairment, or combination of

impairments, that limits her ability to perform basic work activity.” Doc. 10-3 at 28

(emphasis added). Thus, the Court finds that the ALJ did review the Plaintiff’s symptoms

together. Nonetheless, on remand for de novo review, Plaintiff may further explain to the

ALJ her argument of how her combination of impairments compels a finding a disability.

C. Plaintiff’s mental impairments

As discussed above, Defendant moved to remand to allow the ALJ, “to further

evaluate Plaintiff’s mental impairments, reassess Plaintiff’s residual capacity (RFC), and redetermine whether Plaintiff can perform the physical and mental demands of her past

relevant work, or alternatively whether she can perform other occupations existing in

significant numbers in the national economy.” Doc. 18 at 1.

In her response, Plaintiff did not dispute that the record required a remand to address

Plaintiff’s mental impairments. Doc. 21. Instead, Plaintiff argued that benefits should be

awarded based on Plaintiff’s physical limitations, self-reported symptoms, and third party

reports. However, the Court has rejected each of these arguments above.

In her sur-reply, Plaintiff argues that her psychological/mental impairments, alone,

entitle her to a remand for an award of benefits. Doc. 31 at 11. Specifically, Plaintiff argues

that if her doctors’ testimony is credited as true, she would be entitled to benefits. Id.

Plaintiff seeks to have this Court credit Dr. Peetoom’s opinion that Plaintiff needed extra

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time and attention to adapt to changes in environment and routine and that Plaintiff needed

consistent exposure to information to facilitate retention. Doc. 31 at 11. Plaintiff also seeks

to have this Court credit Dr. Allen’s opinion that Plaintiff had problems with persistence and

that her trembling and crying would likely cause problems. Id. Finally, Plaintiff seeks to

have the Court credit Dr. Allen’s opinion that benefits for one year would be appropriate.

Id. 

While Defendant has conceded that this case should be remanded for further

development of the record relating to Plaintiff’s psychological/mental impairments,

Defendant has not conceded that the ALJ did not give adequate reasons for discrediting

Plaintiff’s examining physicians. Instead, Defendant conceded that the ALJ did not

incorporate his findings regarding Plaintiff’s limitations regarding concentration, persistence

and pace into Plaintiff’s RFC, and thus the ALJ did not include these limitations in his

hypothetical to the vocational expert. Doc. 18 at 3. Further, Defendant argues that a remand

for benefits would be inappropriate because there was conflicting testimony regarding the

limitations caused by Plaintiff’s mental impairments. Id. at 5. Thus, Defendant seeks

remand to resolve these factual disputes and to determine what impact, if any, the limitations

have on Plaintiff’s RFC. 

As indicated above, Plaintiff asks this Court to credit as true the testimony of Drs.

Allen and Peetoom, each of whom saw Plaintiff once. Doc. 31 at 11; Doc. 10-3 at 28. First,

the Court agrees with the ALJ that these doctors are properly characterized as examining

physicians, rather than treating physicians, because they each only saw Plaintiff once. Doc.

10-3 at 28. Next, the ALJ noted that he gave their findings little weigh because they each

only saw Plaintiff once and because their opinions were inconsistent with the weight of the

evidence. Id.

The ALJ further recounted in detail the various notes regarding Plaintiff’s mental state

from her various doctors. Doc. 10-3 at 26-27. The Court agrees with Defendant that the

various doctors’ notes are inconsistent with respect to the severity of Plaintiff’s symptoms

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as well as the impact of those symptoms. Given these conflicting reports, including the

report of Plaintiff’s treating physician, Dr. Bhatka, who indicated that Plaintiff was feeling

much better in June of 2009 due to a new medication, the Court will not credit the examining

physicians statements as true. Indeed, the Court finds that the ALJ gave specific and

legitimate reasons for discrediting the findings of these examining physicians; specifically,

the ALJ recounted three paragraphs of medical testimony which reported significantly less

severe mental limitations for Plaintiff than her examining physicians’ findings. See Doc. 10-

3 at 26-27.

Based on the foregoing, the Court will remand this case to the agency as requested by

Defendant. The Court denies Plaintiff’s request for an immediate award of benefits.

II. Conclusion

Based on the foregoing,

IT IS ORDERED that Defendant’s motion to remand is granted (Doc. 17) pursuant

to sentence 4 of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); this case is remanded to the agency and the Clerk of the

Court shall enter judgment accordingly.

DATED this 25th day of March, 2014.

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