Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-azd-3_03-cv-00847/USCOURTS-azd-3_03-cv-00847-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 442
Nature of Suit: Civil Rights Employment
Cause of Action: 42:2000e Job Discrimination (Employment)

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WO

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

Donald K. Klepper, 

Plaintiff, 

vs.

The City of Page, Arizona, et al., 

Defendants. 

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No. CIV 03-0847-PCT-MHM

ORDER

Defendants have filed a motion for attorney's fees (Doc. 108), a supplemental

statement for consultation (Doc. 111) and supporting memorandum. (Doc. 110). Plaintiff pro

se has filed a response in opposition (Doc. 112) and Defendants have filed a reply (Doc.

113). The Court has determined that oral argument would not materially assist in the

disposition of Defendants' motion for attorney's fees.

I.

Background.

Plaintiff filed this action asserting six claims for relief based on the termination of his

contract as City Manager for the City of Page, Arizona. The named Defendants included the

City of Page, J. Dean Slavens, the Mayor of the City of Page, and City Councilors of the City

of Page Wes Berry, Dan Brown, John Kocjan, and William R. Robinson. Defendants filed

a motion for partial summary judgment within approximately two weeks of filing an answer

to the complaint. (Doc. 12, 13). On September 29, 2004, the Court entered an Order

Case 3:03-cv-00847-MHM Document 117 Filed 03/31/06 Page 1 of 6
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granting in part and denying in part Defendants' motion for partial summary judgment. (Doc.

66). The Court granted summary judgment in Defendants' favor on Plaintiff's federal claims

based on violation of due process premised on deprivation of property rights, liberty interest,

free speech, privacy rights and unlawful retaliation under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Count IV), and

his state or common law claims based on breach of contract (Count I), breach of the implied

covenant of good faith and fair dealing (Count II), and tortious interference with contractual

relations (Count V). The Court denied Defendants' summary judgment motion as to the

claim based on violation of Arizona's Open Meeting Law (Count VI). Plaintiff's remaining

claim was based on violation of the Arizona Employment Protection Act, A.R.S. §§ 23-1501

et seq. ("AEPA") (Count III). Defendants' motion for partial summary judgment did not

address Plaintiff's AEPA claim.

Following entry of the Order on summary judgment, the parties filed cross motions

for entry of judgment under Fed.R.Civ.P. 54(b). The Court issued an Order denying these

motions. (Doc. 96). Plaintiff thereafter filed a motion for voluntary dismissal of his

remaining claims asserted in Counts III and VI, under Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(a)(2). Plaintiff moved

for voluntary dismissal of these claims without prejudice asking that judgment be entered

so he could proceed with an appeal of the Order on partial summary judgment. Defendants

did not oppose Plaintiff's motion so long as Plaintiff withdrew his motion to file an amended

complaint seeking to add a defamation claim which was pending at that time. Plaintiff

thereafter filed a notice that he was withdrawing his motion to amend the complaint. The

Court entered an Order granting Plaintiff's voluntary dismissal of his remaining claims

(Counts III and VI). These claims were dismissed without prejudice and a Final Judgment

was entered. Plaintiff has filed notice of appeal (Doc. 109).

II.

Defendants' motion for attorney's fees.

Defendants' motion for attorney's fees was timely filed and has been presented in the

format described in LRCiv. 54.2, Local Rules of Practice for the District of Arizona.

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Defendants seek a fees award in the sum of $50,447.50 claiming success as to all of

Plaintiff's six claims for relief. 

The Court has reviewed Defendants' memorandum and supporting documents relevant

to the motion for attorney's fees. Defense counsel has submitted an itemized statement of

the fees incurred showing each task undertaken and the fee assessed for each identified task.

(Doc. 110, Exhibit A to counsel's affidavit). Plaintiff has included with his response a chart

that details his objections to many if not all of the tasks and fees set forth in defense counsel's

itemized fee statement. (Doc. 112, Exhibit 4). Plaintiff objects to Defendants' itemized fee

statement on several grounds, including that it is excessive and that the costs and fees

applicable to each specific claim are not specifically identified as to that claim. Plaintiff also

objects that Defendants and their counsel did not make a good faith attempt to consult with

him regarding the attorney's fees issue or to arrange a conference to consult with Plaintiff

about an award of attorney's fees. Plaintiff also states that an award of attorney's fees would

work an extreme hardship because he is without gainful employment and is suffering from

certain medical impairments. Defendants respond that Plaintiff refused to engage in any

discussions about their request for attorney's fees and that Plaintiff operates his own business

and has not provided evidence of extreme hardship. Defendants further state that counsel's

time on discovery issues was spent in large measure on responding to Plaintiff's often

overbroad, unduly burdensome and non-relevant discovery requests. 

At the outset, the Court notes that this case did not proceed to trial. The docket sheet

shows that the parties engaged in some discovery, including exchanging documents and

document production.

Defendants seek attorney's fees as to Plaintiff's civil rights claims under 42 U.S.C. §

1988(b). A prevailing defendant is entitled to attorney's fees under § 1988(b) only when the

plaintiff's claims are "groundless, without foundation, frivolous, or unreasonable." McCarthy

v. Mayo, 827 F.2d 1310, 1318 (9th Cir. 1987). This standard is "stringent." Hughes v. Rowe,

449 U.S. 5, 14 (1980), and is interpreted narrowly in cases involving pro se plaintiffs. Miller

v. Los Angeles Cty. Bd. of Ed., 827 F.2d 617, 619 (9th Cir. 1987). The Ninth Circuit has

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recognized that attorney's fees in civil rights cases "'should only be awarded to a defendant

in exceptional circumstances.'" Saman v. Robbins, 173 F.3d 1150, 1157 (9th Cir.

1999)(quoting Barry v. Fowler, 902 F.2d 770, 773 (9th Cir. 1990)). A case may be deemed

frivolous only when the "result is obvious or the ... arguments of error are wholly without

merit." McConnell v. Critchlow, 661 F.2d 116, 118 (9th Cir. 1981). The Ninth Circuit has

instructed courts to "consider the financial resources of the plaintiff in awarding fees to a

prevailing defendant" because "the award should not subject the plaintiff to financial ruin."

Miller, 827 F.2d at 621.

The facts relevant to Plaintiff's employment termination are set forth in the Court's

Order on partial summary judgment. (Doc. 66). In granting Defendants' motion for

summary judgment on Plaintiff's claim of constitutional violation asserted in Count IV, the

Court determined that Plaintiff had no expectation of continued employment and thus no

property interest in his position as City Manager. Plaintiff served at the will of the City

Council and his employment was terminable without cause. The Court also determined that

Plaintiff held a policymaking position. The Court further found that Plaintiff had been

offered a name-clearing hearing and that he had not been denied a pre-termination and posttermination hearing in light of the terms of his Employment Agreement. 

The Court concludes that while Plaintiff's federal claim could not withstand

Defendants' motion for summary judgment, the claim was not frivolous or unreasonable. 

This case does not present "exceptional circumstances" so as to warrant an award of

attorney's fees. Moreover, Congressional policies which underlie 42 U.S.C. § 1983 include

"vigorous prosecution of civil rights violations" and fees should not be awarded which might

unduly chill civil rights litigation. Miller, 827 F.2d at 619. 

Next, Defendants seek attorney's fees on Plaintiff's claims arising from contract

asserted in Counts I, II and V based on A.R.S. § 12-341.01A. Section 12-341.01A provides

in relevant part that, "In any contested action arising out of a contract, express or implied, the

court may award the successful party reasonable attorney fees." Subsection B of § 12-341.01

provides that "[t]he award of reasonable attorney fees pursuant to subsection A should be

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made to mitigate the burden of the expense of litigation to establish a just claim or a just

defense."

The Court granted Defendants' summary judgment motion on Plaintiff's contract

claims based on the conclusion that Plaintiff's Employment Agreement was subject to

cancellation under the exception to the successor board doctrine as recognized by Arizona

courts. Plaintiff in his position as City Manager and under the terms of his Employment

Agreement was answerable to the City Council and therefore the newly elected City Council

was entitled to select the City Manager. Plaintiff's Employment Agreement by its terms was

subject to cancellation without cause by majority vote of the City Council and Defendants

had fulfilled their obligation by paying Plaintiff a lump sum severance amount. Plaintiff's

claim for tortious interference with contract did not withstand summary judgment because

the claim requires that the contract must be one between the plaintiff and a third party.

Under Arizona law, an award of attorney's fees under § 12-341.01(A) is within the

broad discretion of the trial court. State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co. v. Arrington, 963

P.2d 334, 340 (Ariz. App. 1998). Defendants contend that attorney's fees should be awarded

on Plaintiff's claims arising from contract based on the conclusory assertion that Defendants

prevailed on these claims on summary judgment. Plaintiff on the other hand has argued

against an award of fees by discussing the factors applied in Newbery Corp. v. Fireman's

Fund Ins. Co., 95 F.3d 1392 (9th Cir. 1996), that is, (1) whether the unsuccessful party's claim

or defense was meritorious; (2) whether the litigation could have been avoided or settled and

the successful party's efforts were completely superfluous in achieving this result; (3)

whether assessing fees against the unsuccessful party would cause an extreme hardship; (4)

whether the successful party prevailed with respect to all the relief sought; and (6) whether

the award would discourage other parties with tenable claims or defenses from litigating or

defending legitimate contract issues for fear of incurring liability for substantial amounts of

attorney's fees. Id., at 1405-06. 

Defendants have not made a sufficient showing that an award of attorney's fees is

warranted on Plaintiff's claims arising from contract. In addition, although Plaintiff has not

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proffered evidence of his financial condition, it can be assumed that an award of fees in the

amount requested by Defendants would unduly burden any civil plaintiff. This fact, coupled

with the possible discouraging effect of such an award on future civil litigants in contract

cases, supports the denial of the request. Moreover, Defendants' itemized fee statement does

not indicate which fee amounts were incurred on Plaintiff's claims arising from contract. 

Finally, Defendants seek an award of attorney's fees as to Plaintiff's claims for

violation of the AEPA (Count III) and Arizona's Open Meeting Law (Count VI). In their

motion, Defendants cited A.R.S. § 12-349 which provides for an award of reasonable

attorney's fees if a party brings a claim in a court of record in Arizona without substantial

justification. Plaintiff argued in his response that in In re Larry's Apartment L.L.C., 249 F.3d

832, 837-39 (9th Cir. 2001), the Ninth Circuit rejected the right of a party to recover attorney's

fees in federal court under § 12-349. Defendants in their reply then cited 28 U.S.C. § 1927.

Section 1927 provides for recovery of costs, expenses and attorney's fees against an attorney

or other person admitted to conduct cases in any federal court "who so multiplies the

proceedings in any case unreasonably and vexatiously ..." 

The Court denied Defendants' motion for summary judgment on Plaintiff's claim

based on Arizona's Open Meeting Law. Defendants did not move for summary judgment on

Plaintiff's AEPA claim. Plaintiff subsequently moved for voluntary dismissal of these claims

so he could appeal the Order entered on summary judgment. These claims were dismissed

without prejudice. Defendants are not entitled to an award of attorney's fees as to these

claims based on § 1927.

Accordingly,

IT IS ORDERED that Defendants' motion for an award of attorney's fees (Doc. 108)

is denied. 

DATED this 27th day of March, 2006.

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