Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_04-cv-06638/USCOURTS-caed-1_04-cv-06638-30/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

ELONZA JESSE TYLER,

Plaintiff,

v.

EDWARD ALAMEIDA, et al.,

Defendants.

 /

CASE NO. 1:04-cv-06638-LJO-SMS PC

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

RECOMMENDING DEFENDANT

WILLIAMS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY

JUDGMENT BE GRANTED

(Doc. 70)

OBJECTIONS DUE WITHIN THIRTY DAYS 

Defendant Williams’ Motion for Summary Judgment

I. Procedural History

Plaintiff Elonza Jesse Tyler, a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, filed

this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 on September 20, 2004. This action is

proceeding on Plaintiff’s amended complaint, filed March 4, 2005, against Defendants Williams,

Erly, and Smith for allegedly violating Plaintiff’s rights under the Eighth Amendment of the United

States Constitution. Pending before the Court is Defendant Williams’ motion for summary

judgment, filed February 1, 2008. Plaintiff filed an opposition on May 6, 2008, and Defendant filed 1

a reply on May 9, 2008.2

///

Defendants Erly and Smith are not parties to the motion for summary judgment.

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Plaintiff was provided with notice of the requirements for opposing a motion for summary judgment by the

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Court in an order filed on April 6, 2006. Klingele v. Eikenberry, 849 F.2d 409 (9th Cir. 1988). (Doc. 32.)

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This action was transferred to the undersigned on April 13, 2010, and the Court now issues

its Findings and Recommendations on Defendant’s motion for summary judgment.

II. Summary Judgment Standard

Summary judgment must be entered, “after adequate time for discovery and upon motion,

against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element

essential to that party’s case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.” Celotex

Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548 (1986). The “party seeking summary judgment

bears the initial responsibility of informing the district court of the basis for its motion, and

identifying those portions of the ‘pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions

on file, together with the affidavits, if any,’ which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine

issue of material fact.” Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323 (quoting Rule 56(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil

Procedure). 

If the moving party meets its initial responsibility, the burden then shifts to the opposing

party to establish that a genuine issue as to any material fact actually does exist. Matsushita Elec.

Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586, 106 S.Ct. 1348 (1986). In attempting to

establish the existence of this factual dispute, the opposing party may not rely upon the denials of

its pleadings, but is required to tender evidence of specific facts in the form of affidavits, and/or

admissible discovery material, in support of its contention that the dispute exists. Fed. R. Civ. P.

56(e); Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 586 n.11. 

III. Discussion

A. Plaintiff’s Claim

On September 4, 2003, Plaintiff fell and injured his knee while housed at Folsom State

Prison. (Doc. 15, Amend. Comp., p. 1.) On December 10, 2003, Plaintiff was taken to Doctors

Hospital of Manteca for an orthopedic evaluation by Defendant Bradley D. Williams, a physician. 

(Id., p. 3.) At the time, Plaintiff was in pain and having difficulty walking. (Id.)

Plaintiff alleges that Defendant failed to properly diagnose his injury and recommend a

course of treatment, and failed to schedule surgery. (Id.) Plaintiff describes the treatment received

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as so cursory as to amount to no treatment at all. (Id.) Plaintiff contends he unnecessarily suffered

for months as a result. (Id.)

B. Defendant’s Position

Defendant argues that he did not act with deliberate indifference to Plaintiff’s medical needs,

and submits Plaintiff’s medical records and the declaration of expert witness Mark Endicott, M.D.,

an orthopedic surgeon, to establish the following facts. 

Defendant examined Plaintiff’s knee on December 10, 2003, and found it tenderin the patella

area. (Doc. 70-4, Dec. of Mark Endicott, M.D., ¶3(a).) Defendant diagnosed the problem as

possibly a nondisplaced patella fracture. (Id.) X-rays taken that day showed no evidence of fracture

or dislocation, and Defendant ordered an MRI, after which a return appointment was to occur. (Id.) 

Plaintiff underwent the MRI on February 2, 2004, which showed evidence of chondromalacia

overlying the lateral patellar facet. (Id. at ¶3(b).) Defendant did not see Plaintiff after the December

10, 2003, appointment, and Plaintiff was transferred to Avenal State Prison on March 24, 2004. (Id.,

¶5(b); Amend. Comp., p. 4.) 

In the professional opinion of Dr. Endicott, the examination and treatment provided to

Plaintiff by Defendant on December 10, 2003, were within the standard of care for an orthopedic

surgeon. (Id., ¶¶5, 6.) Further, given Defendant’s lack of control over Plaintiff’s return for a followup consultation, the failure to see Plaintiff after the MRI was conducted was not a breach of the

standard of care. (Id.) 

C. Legal Standard for Constitutionally Deficient Medical Care

“[T]o maintain an Eighth Amendment claim based on prison medical treatment, an inmate

must show ‘deliberate indifference to serious medical needs.’” Jett v. Penner, 439 F.3d 1091, 1096 3

Defendant may only be held liable under section 1983 if he acted under color of state law. Jensen v. Lane

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County, 222 F.3d 570, 574 (9th Cir. 2000). It appears that Defendant was a private physician employed at a nonprison hospital. Whether or not Defendant acted under color of state law when he rendered care to Plaintiff is an

issue not raised by the parties, and the record is devoid of any information regarding the state’s roll in obtaining the

services of Defendant on behalf of Plaintiff. See West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 108 S.Ct. 2250 (1988) (private

physician who contracted with state on part-time basis to provide medical care at prison hospital a state actor); Blum

v. Yaretsky, 457 U.S. 991, 102 S.Ct. 2777 (1982) (state regulation insufficient to transform private parties exercising

medical judgments according to professional standards not established by state into state actors); Jensen, 222 F.3d at

575 (state sufficiently involved in the process of evaluating and detaining individuals believed to be mentally ill that

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(9th Cir. 2006) (quoting Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106, 97 S.Ct. 295 (1976)). The two part

test for deliberate indifference requires the plaintiff to show (1) “‘a serious medical need’ by

demonstrating that ‘failure to treat a prisoner’s condition could result in furthersignificant injury or

the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain,’” and (2) “the defendant’s response to the need was

deliberately indifferent.” Jett, 439 F.3d at 1096 (quoting McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059

(9th Cir. 1992), overruled on other grounds, WMX Techs., Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133, 1136 (9th

Cir. 1997) (en banc) (internal quotations omitted)). 

Deliberate indifference is shown by “a purposeful act or failure to respond to a prisoner’s

pain or possible medical need, and harm caused by the indifference.” Id. (citingMcGuckin, 974 F.2d

at 1060). Deliberate indifference may be manifested “when prison officials deny, delay or

intentionally interfere with medical treatment, or it may be shown by the way in which prison

physicians provide medical care.” Id. (citing McGuckin at 1060 (internal quotations omitted)).

Where a prisoner is alleging a delay in receiving medical treatment, the delay must have led to

further harm in order for the prisoner to make a claim of deliberate indifference to serious medical

needs. McGuckin at 1060 (citing Shapely v. Nevada Bd. of State Prison Comm’rs, 766 F.2d 404,

407 (9th Cir. 1985)). 

D. Findings and Recommendation

Plaintiff has not submitted any admissible evidence that the medical treatment Defendant

provided on December 10, 2003, fell below the appropriate standard of care for orthopedic surgeons. 

Plaintiff’s lay opinion regarding the sufficiency of the treatment provided is both impermissibly

vague and speculative, and inadmissable; and Plaintiff’s argument that the medical records submitted

by Defendant were altered is not supported by a review of the records submitted by both parties.4

private contract physician making the commitment decision was a state actor); Thomas v. Hickman, No. CV F 06-

0215 AWI SMS, 2006 WL 2868967, at *34-5 (E.D.Cal. Oct. 6, 2006) (no claim stated against private hospital where

complaint did not allege a contract between state and hospital, and did not allege any other state action). Because

neither party raised the issue, the Court, for the purpose of resolving this motion, will assume Defendant was acting

under color of state law.

The records submitted by Defendant are clearer and easier to read but there is no indication of alteration,

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despite Plaintiff’s detailed argument to the contrary.

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Further, Plaintiff’s argument that Defendant’s medical diagnosis of Plaintiff’s problem was so

lacking that it could not be interpreted by other physicians is without support.

“Deliberate indifference is a high legal standard.” Toguchi v. Chung, 391 F.3d 1051, 1060

(9th Cir. 2004). “Under this standard, the prison official must not only ‘be aware of the facts from

which the inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists,’ but that person

‘must also draw the inference.’” Id. at 1057 (quoting Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837). “‘If a prison official

should have been aware of the risk, but was not, then the official has not violated the Eighth

Amendment, no matter how severe the risk.’” Id. (quoting Gibson v. County of Washoe, Nevada,

290 F.3d 1175, 1188 (9th Cir. 2002)). A disagreement between a prisoner and a physician is not

sufficient to support an Eighth Amendment claim, Franklin v. Oregon, 662 F.2d 1337, 1344 (9th Cir.

1981), and Plaintiff has not submitted any admissible evidence that the medical care provided by

Defendant on December 10, 2003, “was medically unacceptable under the circumstances” and

chosen “in conscious disregard of an excessive risk to Plaintiff’s health,” Jackson v. McIntosh, 90

F.3d 330, 332 (9th Cir. 1986) (internal citations omitted), which must be shown to support an Eighth

Amendment claim. 

With respect to the follow-up appointment, there is no evidence that Defendant was

employed at the prison where Plaintiff was housed or acted as a primary care physician for Plaintiff,

and there is no basis in the record for inferring that Defendant, as a private physician at an outside

hospital, had any responsibility for or control over the scheduling of a follow-up appointment for

Plaintiff once the MRI results became available.5

Defendant was a private physician who saw Plaintiff for an orthopedic consult. Defendant

conducted an examination, diagnosed a possible cause for Plaintiff’s knee problem, and ordered tests

to determine the cause. There is simply no evidence that in taking these actions, Defendant “[knew]

of and disregard[ed] an excessive risk to [Plaintiff’s] health . . . .” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837. 

There is also no evidence that Plaintiff suffered further harm as a result of not being seen by Defendant

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between February 2, 2004, when the MRI was done, and March 24, 2004, when Plaintiff transferred to a different

prison.

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Plaintiff has not raised anytriable issues of material fact as to his Eighth Amendment medical

care claim against Defendant, and Defendant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. The Court

HEREBYRECOMMENDS that Defendant Williams’motion forsummaryjudgment,filed February

1, 2008, be GRANTED.

These Findings and Recommendations will be submitted to the United States District Judge

assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within thirty (30)

days after being served with these Findings and Recommendations, the parties may file written

objections with the court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s

Findings and Recommendations.” The parties are advised that failure to file objections within the

specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d

1153 (9th Cir. 1991).

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: June 16, 2010 /s/ Sandra M. Snyder 

icido3 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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