Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_08-cv-00297/USCOURTS-casd-3_08-cv-00297-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 442
Nature of Suit: Civil Rights Employment
Cause of Action: 42:2000e Job Discrimination (Employment)

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08cv297

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

SOHIL KARIMY,

Plaintiff,

v.

ASSOCIATED GENERAL

CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA – SAN

DIEGO CHAPTER, INC.,

APPRENTICESHIP & TRAINING

TRUST FUND,

Defendant.

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Civil No. 08-CV-297-L(CAB)

ORDER GRANTING

DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR

STAY PENDING APPEAL

In this labor law and employment discrimination action, the court denied Defendant’s

motion to compel arbitration and dismiss the case. Defendant appealed pursuant to 9 U.S.C. 

§ 16(a) and filed a motion to stay proceedings in this court pending appeal. Plaintiff opposed the

motion in part, agreeing that all pre-trial proceedings should be stayed except for discovery. 

Defendant replied that the proceedings should be stayed entirely. For the reasons which follow,

Defendant’s motion is GRANTED.

“Absent a stay, an appeal seeking review of collateral orders does not deprive the trial

court of jurisdiction over other proceedings in the case, and an appeal on an interlocutory order

does not ordinarily deprive the district court of jurisdiction except with regard to the matters that

are the subject of the appeal.” Britton v. Co-Op Banking Group, 916 F.2d 1405, 1412 (9th Cir.

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08cv297

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1990) (internal citation omitted). Where the issue of arbitrability is the only substantive issue

presented for appeal, the district court is not “divested of jurisdiction to proceed with the case on

the merits.” Id. Accordingly, a district court is not required to stay proceedings pending the

appeal of an order denying motion to compel arbitration. See id. Instead, [t]he system created

by the Federal Arbitration Act allows the district court to evaluate the merits of the movant’s

claim, and if, for instance, the court finds that the motion presents a substantial question, to stay

the proceedings pending an appeal from its refusal to compel arbitration.” Id. Courts generally

consider four factors when determining whether to grant a stay pending appeal: “(1) whether the

stay applicant has made a strong showing that he is likely to succeed on the merits; (2) whether

the applicant will be irreparably injured absent a stay; (3) whether issuance of the stay will

substantially injure the other parties interested in the proceeding; and (4) where the public

interest lies.” Hilton v. Braunskill, 481 U.S. 770, 776 (1987); see also Golden Gate Rest. Ass’n

v. San Francisco, 512 F.3d 1112, 1115-16 (9th Cir. 2008).

Except for discovery, the parties agree that a stay should be granted. (See Opp’n at 2

(“Plaintiff does not oppose the motion[] to the extent it seeks to stay trial and pretrial

proceedings pending appeal. Plaintiff does strongly oppose any further stay of discovery.”)

(emphases omitted); see also id. at 8 (“both sides would be prejudiced if the case were allowed

to proceed to trial on the merits, only to have the matter ordered to arbitration in appeal”).)

A stay may be warranted if the appeal presents a serious legal question. Bratton, 916

F.2d at 1412, citing C.B.S. Employees Fed. Credit Union v. Donaldson, 716 F. Supp. 307 (W.D.

Tenn. 1989). The denial of Defendant’s motion to compel arbitration was based on a finding of

sufficient procedural and substantive unconscionability to render the arbitration clause

unenforceable under California law. (Order Denying Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss, dated Mar. 30,

2009, citing Davis v. O’Melveny & Myers, 485 F.3d 1066, 1072 (9th Cir. 2007) and other

authorities.) Among other things, Defendant points to a difference in how procedural

unconscionability is viewed by California and federal courts. (See Reply at 5 n.3, noting a

disagreement between Gentry v. Super. Ct. (Circuit City Stores, Inc.), 42 Cal.4th 443, 472 n.10

(2007) on one hand, and Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Ahmed, 283 F.3d 1198 (9th Cir. 2002) and

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08cv297

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Circuit City Stores, Inc. v. Najd, 294 F.3d 1104 (9th Cir. 2002), on the other.) This apparent

divergence presents a serious legal question and opens the possibility of stay pending appeal.

The parties address the issue whether discovery should proceed pending appeal in terms

of the prejudice they will respectively suffer. Plaintiff argues he will be prejudiced if discovery

does not commence as soon as possible because his “main allegation is that he was fired for

complaining about falsification of documents and other irregularities by Defendant. The only

way to test these claims is to obtain these records before Defendant has a chance to falsify them

again, and to match them against other records.” (Opp’n at 9.) The suggestion that Defendant is

likely to tamper with the evidence during this litigation is unsupported (see Decl. of Alexander

B. Cvitan, dated Jul 2, 2009 (“Cvitan Decl.”)) and is therefore rejected. 

Plaintiff also maintains that during the pendency of the appeal records may be lost,

memories faded and witnesses difficult to locate, which may prejudice his ability to proceed with

the case if discovery is stayed. He proposes the court issue an order for the parties to commence

discovery immediately and that any discovery disputes be resolved by the Magistrate Judge

assigned to the case. (Opp’n at 11.) Plaintiff claims that discovery cannot proceed without an

order because, due to Defendant’s motion to compel arbitration and notice of appeal, the parties

have not had a scheduling conference pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16(b). 

(Cvitan Decl. at 3.) Under normal circumstances, a Rule 16(b) scheduling conference triggers

commencement of formal discovery. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(d) & (f). Plaintiff proposes that 

discovery proceed outside the framework established by Rules 16 and 26 because there can be

no Rule 16(b) scheduling conference if pre-trial proceedings are stayed. Defendant opposes this

arrangement because it would lead the parties and the court into “uncharted discovery waters.” 

(Reply at 2; see also id. at 9.) 

Proceeding with discovery outside the framework of Rules 16 and 26 is problematic. 

Among other things, these rules provide the procedural framework for discovery, including a

mechanism and time limits for initial disclosures and a discovery plan. More fundamentally,

they call for discovery to proceed in step with other pre-trial proceedings such as amendment of

pleadings, joinder of additional parties, pre-trial motions and settlement conferences. See, e.g.,

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1 Plaintiff supports his argument by contending that even of the Court of Appeals

finds the arbitration clause to be enforceable, not all of his eight claims are arbitrable under the

terms of the arbitration clause. Assuming arguendo that Plaintiff is correct, this would neither

mitigate nor justify the procedural difficulties and wastefulness resulting from separating

discovery from other pre-trial proceedings. 

2 For parties who have not yet engaged in formal discovery, they have already

accumulated a high level of discovery acrimony between them. On one hand Plaintiff states that

Defendant is resisting an informal exchange of documents (Opp’n at 10; Cvitan Decl. at 3-4),

08cv297

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Fed. R. Civ. P. 16. Plaintiff concedes that “continuing with pretrial and trial proceedings

pending appeal could end up to be duplicative and wasteful.” (Opp’n at 12.) Proceeding with

discovery in the absence of other pre-trial proceedings leads to the same outcome. Divorcing

discovery from other pre-trial proceedings would inevitably result in duplication of effort and

unnecessary delay as new issues for discovery crop up in the course of other pre-trial

proceedings. This would result in needless expense of judicial resources and the parties’ time

and money.1

Plaintiff’s reliance on Hill v. Peoplesoft USA, Inc., 341 F. Supp. 2d 559 (D. Md. 2004), in

support of his proposition that discovery could continue while other pre-trial proceedings are

stayed, is unavailing here. Aside from the fact that Hill is not a binding precedent and it is

expressly limited to its own “unique circumstances,” 341 F. Supp. 2d at 560, the decision does

not address how the court or the parties are to navigate the uncharted waters of discovery outside

the framework of Rules 16 and 26.

Moreover, without a stay, Defendant will suffer irreparable harm. Plaintiff argues that no

matter what happens on appeal, he will have a right to discovery, either in this court or in

arbitration under Rule 17 of the JAMS Employment Arbitration Rules and Procedures. For this

reason, he argues, there is no reason to delay discovery. As discussed above, discovery under

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure is structured and formal, whereas discovery as provided under

JAMS Rules is informal. (See Def.’s Reply Ex. A (Rule 17 of JAMS Employment Arbitration

Rules and Procedures effective Mar. 26, 2007) & B (Rule 15 of JAMS Employment Arbitration

Rules and Procedures effective Feb. 19, 2005).) Moreover, the complications and inevitable

disputes2

 that likely will result from discovery outside the established framework will increase

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while Defendant, on the other hand, claims it is cooperating and that voluntary discovery is

proceeding (Reply at 8-9; Decl. of David P. Wolds, filed Jul. 13, 2009 at 2-3; Decl. of Laura B.

Riesenberg, filed Jul. 13, 2009 & Def.’s Reply Ex. C-U.)

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the already high cost of formal discovery. If Defendant is forced to incur these expenses,

Defendant will forever lose the “speed and economy” advantage provided by arbitration should

the Court of Appeals find in its favor. See Alascom, Inc. v. ITT N. Elec. Co., 727 F.2d 1419,

1422 (9th Cir. 1984). 

While Plaintiff is correct that delaying discovery is not in his favor, this is at least

somewhat mitigated by the voluntary discovery proceeding between the parties, even if Plaintiff

is not entirely satisfied with Defendant’s level of cooperation. (See, e.g., Cvitan Decl. at 3-4

(acknowledging that Defendant produced certain documents) & fn. 2 supra.) 

Last, a stay of all pretrial proceedings serves the public interest in promoting the “strong

federal policy encouraging arbitration as a prompt, economical and adequate method of dispute

resolution for those who agree to it.” A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. v. McCollough, 967 F.2d 1401,

1404 n.2 (9th Cir. 1992) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

For the foregoing reasons, the balance of equities weighs in favor of staying all pre-trial

and trial proceedings, including discovery, pending appeal. Defendant’s motion for stay is

GRANTED.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: November 5, 2009

M. James Lorenz

United States District Court Judge

COPY TO: 

HON. CATHY ANN BENCIVENGO

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

ALL PARTIES/COUNSEL

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