Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-azd-3_19-cv-08177/USCOURTS-azd-3_19-cv-08177-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 863
Nature of Suit: Social Security - DIWC/DIWW (405(g))
Cause of Action: 42:405 Review of HHS Decision (DIWC)

---

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

WO

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

Joseph Deming,

Plaintiff,

v. 

Commissioner of Social Security 

Administration,

Defendant.

No. CV-19-08177-PCT-DJH

ORDER 

At issue is the denial of Plaintiff Joseph Deming’s Applications for Disability 

Insurance Benefits and Supplemental Security Income by the Social Security 

Administration (“SSA”) under the Social Security Act (“the Act”). Plaintiff filed a 

Complaint (Doc. 1) seeking judicial review of that denial, and the Court now addresses 

Plaintiff’s Opening Brief (Doc. 11, Pl. Br.), Defendant SSA Commissioner’s Opposition 

(Doc. 12, Def. Br.), and Plaintiff’s Reply (Doc. 13, Reply). The Court has reviewed the 

briefs and the Administrative Record (Doc. 10, R.) and now reverses the Administrative 

Law Judge’s (“ALJ”) decision (R. at 22–41).

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiff filed his Applications on November 19, 2015 for a period of disability 

beginning on June 1, 2011. (R. at 25.) Plaintiff’s claims were denied initially on February 

2, 2016, and upon reconsideration on April 30, 2016. (R. at 25.) Plaintiff then testified at a 

hearing on May 7, 2018. (R. at 25.) On July 19, 2018, the ALJ denied Plaintiff’s 

Case 3:19-cv-08177-DJH Document 14 Filed 03/11/20 Page 1 of 9
- 2 -

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Applications. (R. at 22–41.) This decision became final on April 30, 2019, when the 

Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s request for review. (R. at 2–7.)

The Court has reviewed the medical evidence in its entirety and finds it unnecessary 

to provide a complete summary here. The pertinent medical evidence will be discussed in 

addressing the issues raised by the parties. In short, upon considering the medical records 

and opinions, the ALJ evaluated Plaintiff’s disability based on the following severe 

impairments: panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessivecompulsive disorder, and social phobia. (R. at 27.) 

Ultimately, the ALJ evaluated the medical evidence and testimony and concluded 

that Plaintiff is not disabled. (R. at 22–41.) The ALJ determined that Plaintiff “does not 

have an impairment or combination of impairments that meets or medically equals the 

severity of one of the listed impairments in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1.” (R. 

at 28.) The ALJ also determined that Plaintiff has the residual functional capacity (“RFC”) 

to perform medium work as defined in 20 C.F.R. § 404.1567(c) with some limitations, 

including: understanding, remembering, and carrying out only simple instructions; 

performing only simple, routine, repetitive tasks; and engaging in only occasional 

superficial interaction with the public and coworkers with no crowd contact. (R. at 30.)

Given these limitations, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff is unable to perform his past 

relevant work but is able to perform jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national 

economy. (R. at 34.) 

II. LEGAL STANDARD 

In determining whether to reverse an ALJ’s decision, the district court reviews only 

those issues raised by the party challenging the decision. See Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 

517 n.13 (9th Cir. 2001). The court may set aside the Commissioner’s disability 

determination only if the determination is not supported by substantial evidence or is based 

on legal error. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 630 (9th Cir. 2007). Substantial evidence is 

more than a scintilla, but less than a preponderance; it is relevant evidence that a reasonable 

person might accept as adequate to support a conclusion considering the record as a

Case 3:19-cv-08177-DJH Document 14 Filed 03/11/20 Page 2 of 9
- 3 -

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

whole. Id. To determine whether substantial evidence supports a decision, the court must 

consider the record as a whole and may not affirm simply by isolating a “specific quantum 

of supporting evidence.” Id. Generally, “[w]here the evidence is susceptible to more than 

one rational interpretation, one of which supports the ALJ’s decision, the ALJ’s conclusion 

must be upheld.” Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 954 (9th Cir. 2002) (citations 

omitted).

To determine whether a claimant is disabled for purposes of the Act, the ALJ 

follows a five-step process. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). The claimant bears the burden of 

proof on the first four steps, but the burden shifts to the Commissioner at step five. Tackett 

v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). At the first step, the ALJ determines whether 

the claimant is presently engaging in substantial gainful activity. 

20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i). If so, the claimant is not disabled and the inquiry ends. Id.

At step two, the ALJ determines whether the claimant has a “severe” medically 

determinable physical or mental impairment. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii). If not, the 

claimant is not disabled and the inquiry ends. Id. At step three, the ALJ considers whether 

the claimant’s impairment or combination of impairments meets or medically equals an 

impairment listed in Appendix 1 to Subpart P of 20 C.F.R. Part 404. 

20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). If so, the claimant is automatically found to be disabled. 

Id. If not, the ALJ proceeds to step four. Id. At step four, the ALJ assesses the claimant’s 

RFC and determines whether the claimant is still capable of performing past relevant work. 

20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). If so, the claimant is not disabled and the inquiry ends. Id.

If not, the ALJ proceeds to the fifth and final step, where he determines whether the 

claimant can perform any other work in the national economy based on the claimant’s RFC, 

age, education, and work experience. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(v). If so, the claimant is 

not disabled. Id. If not, the claimant is disabled. Id.

III. ANALYSIS 

Plaintiff raises three issues for the Court’s consideration: (1) the ALJ improperly

rejected Plaintiff’s symptom testimony; (2) the ALJ improperly rejected lay witness 

Case 3:19-cv-08177-DJH Document 14 Filed 03/11/20 Page 3 of 9
- 4 -

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

evidence; and (3) the ALJ erred in calculating Plaintiff’s RFC.

1 The Court finds that the 

ALJ errantly rejected Plaintiff’s symptom testimony and lay witness opinion.

A. The ALJ erred by rejecting Plaintiff’s symptom testimony because he 

did not provide specific, clear, and convincing reasons supported by 

substantial evidence.

The ALJ gave two reasons for rejecting Plaintiff’s symptom testimony: (1) “other 

evidence” in the record was inconsistent with Plaintiff’s alleged limitations; and (2) the 

medical record did not fully corroborate Plaintiff’s alleged limitations. (R. at 31.) The 

Court finds that neither reason was sufficient. 

While credibility is the province of the ALJ, an adverse credibility determination 

requires the ALJ to provide “specific, clear and convincing reasons for rejecting the 

claimant’s testimony regarding the severity of the claimant’s symptoms.” Treichler v. 

Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 775 F.3d 1090, 1102 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Smolen v. Chater, 80 

F.3d 1273, 1281 (9th Cir. 1996)). The ALJ may properly consider that the claimant’s

medical record does not contain evidence to support certain symptom testimony, but that

cannot form the sole basis for discounting the testimony. Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 

681 (9th Cir. 2005). The ALJ may also properly consider inconsistencies in the claimant’s 

testimony regarding his daily activities and symptoms. Id.

1 Plaintiff specifically argues that his RFC is unsupported because there was no basis 

in the record for the ALJ to conclude that Plaintiff is capable of even occasional, superficial 

interaction with coworkers. (Pl. Br. at 6.) The Court will not address this argument because 

his RFC will be recalculated on remand. Nevertheless, the Court notes that “it is the 

responsibility of the ALJ, not the claimant’s physician, to determine residual functional 

capacity.” Vertigan v. Halter, 260 F.3d 1044, 1049 (9th Cir. 2001). The claimant’s RFC is 

the most he can do on a sustained basis despite his limitations. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545(a); 

404.1546(c). Where the ALJ has applied the proper legal standard and substantial evidence 

supports his RFC calculation, the Court will affirm it. Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 1211,

1217 (9th Cir. 2005). 

Case 3:19-cv-08177-DJH Document 14 Filed 03/11/20 Page 4 of 9
- 5 -

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

1. The ALJ’s finding that “other evidence” in the record was 

inconsistent with Plaintiff’s alleged limitations is not supported 

by substantial evidence. 

In evaluating Plaintiff’s alleged limitations, the ALJ considered: (1) Plaintiff’s 

demeanor during the hearing, (2) Plaintiff’s ability to go for walks on a daily basis, and (3) 

Plaintiff’s ability to interact with others when a limited number of people are present. Based 

on this “other evidence,” the ALJ concluded that it was reasonable and sufficient to limit 

Plaintiff “to no more than occasional superficial interaction with the public and coworkers 

and no contact with crowds.” (R. at 31.) The Court disagrees. 

First, the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff’s ability to walk on a daily basis undermines 

his credibility is neither specific, clear, and convincing, nor supported by substantial 

evidence. During the hearing, Plaintiff testified that he “walks [in the] early morning before 

everyone gets up.” (R. at 62.) It appears that the ALJ relied on this activity as evidence that 

Plaintiff was not as limited as alleged. (R. at 31.) However, the ALJ did not explain his 

rationale and it is unclear how Plaintiff’s ability to walk is inconsistent with Plaintiff’s 

alleged limitations. Plaintiff testified that he experiences a lot of anxiety around people, 

including his family, and that he usually does not leave his room when they are around. (R. 

at 62–63.) Based on Plaintiff’s entire testimony, the Court does not find that his morning 

walks are particularly probative of his credibility since he testified that he walks alone. Cf.

Valentine v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 574 F.3d 685, 693 (9th Cir. 2009) (stating that the

ALJ properly relied on claimant’s daily activities as evidence that his testimony regarding 

the severity of his limitations was exaggerated). Moreover, the ALJ did not explain how 

Plaintiff’s ability to walk demonstrates an ability to sustain work with “no more than 

occasional superficial interaction with the public and coworkers and no contact with 

crowds.” (R. at 31.) See Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1016 (9th Cir. 2014). 

Similarly, the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff has demonstrated an ability to interact 

with others when a limited number of people are present is not specific, clear, and 

convincing. The ALJ cited to three records to support this finding. (R. at 31.) However, the 

Case 3:19-cv-08177-DJH Document 14 Filed 03/11/20 Page 5 of 9
- 6 -

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Court finds that the ALJ’s interpretation of those records was unreasonable. For example, 

a November 2015 treatment note reflects that Plaintiff attended the appointment with his 

girlfriend and told his doctor, “[I]f you get 4 or 5 people in this room I wouldn’t be able to 

tell you what day it is.” (R. at 1085.) Again, the ALJ did not adequately explain his findings. 

However, to the extent the Court can reasonably infer the ALJ’s rationale, it does not agree 

that Plaintiff’s ability to sit through an appointment with his girlfriend and his doctor 

demonstrates an ability to sustain work in an environment with occasional interactions with 

the public or coworkers. Moreover, although Plaintiff’s physician described Plaintiff as 

“oriented, engaged, and cooperative during [the] interview,” she also noted that Plaintiff 

was anxious. (R. at 1085.) Next, the ALJ cited a page from a May 2016 “Engagement 

Session” report that does not include information about Plaintiff’s interactions with others. 

(R. at 1103.) Finally, the ALJ cited a treatment record that reflects that Plaintiff gave

speeches at his marijuana support group. (R. at 1121.) However, the ALJ did not develop 

the record as to how frequently Plaintiff attends the group, how many people typically 

attend, and the extent to which Plaintiff engages with others. See Fair v. Bowen, 885 F.2d 

597, 603 (9th Cir. 1989). Therefore, this reason is not specific, clear, and convincing. 

Finally, the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff presented well at the hearing was not a 

sufficient reason for the ALJ to reject Plaintiff’s testimony. Although an ALJ is permitted 

to consider his personal observations of a claimant when making a credibility 

determination, the personal observations may not be the ALJ’s sole basis for rejecting the 

claimant’s testimony. Orn, 495 F.3d at 639. Because the ALJ’s first two reasons for 

rejecting Plaintiff’s testimony were not supported by substantial evidence, the observation 

that Plaintiff “presented well at the hearing” cannot support the ALJ’s credibility finding. 

2. The ALJ’s finding that the medical record does not fully 

corroborate Plaintiff’s alleged limitations is an insufficient 

reason, without more, to reject Plaintiff’s testimony.

An ALJ is permitted to consider whether a claimant’s symptom testimony is 

supported by medical evidence, but a lack of objective support cannot be the ALJ’s sole 

reason for rejecting the testimony. Burch, 400 F.3d at 680. Because the ALJ’s other reason 

Case 3:19-cv-08177-DJH Document 14 Filed 03/11/20 Page 6 of 9
- 7 -

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

for rejecting Plaintiff’s symptom testimony was insufficient, the ALJ’s finding that the 

medical record does not support Plaintiff’s alleged limitations also fails. 

In sum, the Court finds that none of the ALJ’s reasons for rejecting Plaintiff’s 

symptom testimony met the clear and convincing standard, and the ALJ therefore erred. 

B. The ALJ errantly rejected lay witness evidence by failing to provide a 

germane reason supported by substantial evidence. 

Plaintiff’s girlfriend, Summer Rose Hewett, completed a Third-Party Function 

Report regarding Plaintiff’s limitations. (R. at 293–300.) The ALJ rejected Ms. Hewett’s

statement for two reasons: (1) the record contains no evidence that Ms. Hewett is medically 

trained or has familiarity with the SSA regulations; and (2) the objective evidence does not 

support the limitations Ms. Hewett opined to. (R. at 33.) The Court finds neither of these 

reasons legally sufficient. 

An ALJ must consider lay witness evidence when evaluating whether a claimant is 

disabled. Stout v. Comm'r, 454 F.3d 1050, 1053 (9th Cir. 2006). The ALJ must provide 

germane reasons for disregarding the lay witness evidence. Nguyen v. Chater, 100 F.3d 

1462, 1467 (9th Cir. 1996). The ALJ must consider the lay witness evidence even if it 

unsupported by the medical evidence. See, e.g., Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1289. Additionally, the

lay witness need not be medically trained to provide testimony about the claimant’s ability 

to work. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(d); Dodrill v. Shalala, 12 F.3d 915, 918–19 (9th Cir.

1993) (“[F]riends and family members in a position to observe a claimant's symptoms and 

daily activities are competent to testify as to her condition.”).

Neither reason the ALJ gave for rejecting Ms. Hewett’s statement was germane.

The ALJ rejected Ms. Hewett’s statement because it was not backed by medical evidence 

and because she is not medically trained. However, the value of Ms. Hewett’s statement is 

that it could reveal information about Plaintiff’s impairments that was not apparent from 

the available medical evidence. Therefore, it was error for the ALJ to reject Ms. Hewett’s 

statement without giving germane reasons supported by substantial evidence. 

Case 3:19-cv-08177-DJH Document 14 Filed 03/11/20 Page 7 of 9
- 8 -

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

C. The proper remedy is to remand for further proceedings. 

Plaintiff asks that the Court remand his case for payment of benefits rather than for 

further proceedings. (Pl. Br. at 13.) The credit-as-true rule applies if three elements are 

present. Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1020. First, the record must be fully developed such that 

further administrative proceedings would not be useful. Id. Second, the ALJ must have 

failed to provide legally sufficient reasons for rejecting evidence. Id. Third, “if the 

improperly discredited evidence were credited as true, the ALJ would be required to find 

the claimant disabled on remand.” Id. Even if all elements of the credit-as-true rule are met, 

the Court maintains “flexibility to remand for further proceedings when the record when 

the record as a whole creates serious doubt as to whether the claimant is, in fact, disabled 

within the meaning of the Social Security Act.” Id. 

The proper remedy in this case is to remand for further proceedings. The ALJ 

errantly rejected Plaintiff’s symptom testimony and Ms. Hewett’s lay witness opinion. 

However, if that evidence were credited as true, the ALJ would still not be required to find 

Plaintiff disabled. Moreover, the Court finds that further proceedings would be useful, 

particularly for determining the extent of Plaintiff’s limitations and whether they are workpreclusive. For example, Plaintiff testified that during his last job, he could only focus for 

“[a]bout an hour maybe, 15 minutes, 20 minutes at a time.” (R. at 64.) He also testified that 

he had attendance issues and would “wander off” two times per week without notice and 

call in the next day. (R. at 65.) However, Plaintiff did not present these limitations to the 

vocational expert. Instead, he presented limitations that were not clearly derived from his

testimony. Therefore, remand for further proceedings is the appropriate remedy. 

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED reversing the July 19, 2018 decision of the 

Administrative Law Judge. (R. at 22–41.) 

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED remanding this matter for further consideration 

consistent with this order.

/ / / / / / 

/ / / / / /

Case 3:19-cv-08177-DJH Document 14 Filed 03/11/20 Page 8 of 9
- 9 -

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED directing the Clerk to enter judgment accordingly 

and close this case.

Dated this 10th day of March, 2020.

Honorable Diane J. Humetewa

United States District Judge

Case 3:19-cv-08177-DJH Document 14 Filed 03/11/20 Page 9 of 9