Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-azd-2_09-cv-01599/USCOURTS-azd-2_09-cv-01599-1/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 555
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Prison Condition
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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Upon screening, the Court dismissed Schriro, Robles, and Courture as Defendants

(Doc. 13).

WO JDN

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

Riki L. Koehler, 

Plaintiff, 

vs.

Charles L. Ryan, et al., 

Defendants. 

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No. CV 09-1599-PHX-JAT (JRI)

ORDER

Plaintiff Riki L. Koehler filed this civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against

Arizona Department of Corrections (ADC) Director Charles L. Ryan and Warden Theresa

Schroeder (Doc. 12).1

 Before the Court is Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss for failure to

exhaust administrative remedies (Doc. 18), which Plaintiff moves to strike (Doc. 24). Also

before the Court are Plaintiff’s motions for injunctive relief (Doc. 16), for Court intervention

(Doc. 22), and to compel release from detainment (Doc. 30).

The Court will grant Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss, deny Plaintiff’s Motion to

Strike, dismiss the action, and deny the remaining motions as moot.

I. Background

Plaintiff’s claims arose during her confinement at the Arizona State Prison Complex

(ASPC)-Perryville, in Goodyear, Arizona (Doc. 12 at 1). In Count V of her First Amended

Complaint, Plaintiff alleged that Schroeder implemented a policy of understaffing that

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provided just 1 officer for 292 inmates and that this policy created hostile and dangerous

conditions (id. at 5B). Plaintiff claimed that because of the these conditions, she was

subjected to harassment and an attempted violent assault (id.). In Count VI, Plaintiff alleged

that Schroeder failed to enforce no-smoking areas and, as a result, failed to protect Plaintiff

from excessive exposure to second-hand smoke (id. at 5C-5D). And in Count VII, Plaintiff

averred that Ryan implemented a policy that allowed inmates “to hang on the runs” and that

this policy exacerbated the deplorable conditions, posed a serious risk of harm to Plaintiff,

and led to Plaintiff suffering harassment and an attempted assault (id. at 5E-5F).

The Court screened the First Amended Complaint and directed Defendants to respond

to Counts V, VI, and VII; Counts I-IV were dismissed (Doc. 13). In lieu of an answer,

Defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss (Doc. 18).

Meanwhile, Plaintiff filed a Motion for Emergency Preliminary Injunction seeking

an order to (1) prohibit all smoking by inmates at the Perryville units, (2) prohibit the sale

of tobacco products, (3) confiscate all tobacco products and lighters, (4) suspend an ADC

policy that allows inmates to be on the runs and stairs, (5) discipline inmates found smoking,

and (6) prohibit Defendants from harassing or retaliating against Plaintiff (Doc. 16). She also

filed a Motion for Emergency Action/Compel Intervention of the Court (Doc. 22). Plaintiff

alleged that Defendants retaliated against her by revoking a medical “chrono” order, which

had required that Plaintiff be housed with a nonsmoker due to her allergy to second-hand

smoke (Doc. 22). In her response to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss, Plaintiff moved the

Court to strike Defendants’ motion (Doc. 24). And, lastly, Plaintiff filed an Emergency

Motion to Compel Release of Wrongful Detainment (Doc. 30). She seeks an order

compelling the ADC to release her from lockdown because she has been subjected to

deplorable conditions and denied legal materials (id.).

On August 20, 2010, the Court granted Defendants’ request to extend the deadline to

respond to Plaintiff’s motions for injunctive relief (Doc. 29). The Court directed that

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The Court’s Order was issued before Plaintiff filed her Motion to Compel Release

(Doc. 30).

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Defendants submit two copies of DO 802: the first one is the policy that was in effect

from March 2000 until July 2009 (Doc. 18, Ex. A, Attach. 1), and the second one is the

policy that became effective July 13, 2009 (id., Attach. 2). The process for a standard

grievance is essentially the same under the two versions, except the July 2009 revised version

shortens the time frames in which inmates must submit an appeal at each level (see id.,

Attachs. 1-2).

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responses are not due until after it rules on Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (id.).2

II. Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss

A. Defendants’ Contentions

Defendants contend that Plaintiff failed to exhaust available administrative remedies

as required under the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a) (id.). In

support, they proffer a copy of Department Order (DO) 802, Inmate Grievance System,

which sets out the steps in the grievance process (id., Ex. A, Attachs. 1-23

). 

The first step in DO 802 requires an inmate to attempt to resolve a complaint

informally by submitting an inmate letter to the Correctional Officer (CO) III (id., Attach.

1, DO 802.08 § 1.1). If the complaint cannot be resolved informally, the inmate proceeds to

the second step, which is a formal grievance to the Grievance Coordinator within 10 days

from the date the inmate received a response to the inmate letter (id., DO 802.09 § 1.1.2).

If the complaint is still unresolved, the inmate may proceed to the third step; an appeal to the

Warden/Deputy Warden within 10 days from receipt of the Grievance Coordinator’s

response (id., DO 802.09 § 1.3.1). Finally, the inmate may appeal the Warden/Deputy

Warden’s response with a appeal to the Director, whose response is final (id., DO 802.09

§ 1.4.1).

There is a separate 3-step process for medical complaints. For these types of

grievances, an inmate attempts to informally resolve the issue with an inmate letter to the CO

III; then files a formal grievance, which is answered by the Facility Health Administrator;

and then submits an appeal to the Director, whose response completes the process (id., DO

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802.11).

The DO 802 policy provides that if an inmate does not receive a response within the

time frame allotted for a response, she may proceed to the next review level (id., DO 802.07

§ 1.2.4).

Defendants proffer the declaration of Curtis Smith, Grievance Coordinator at the

Perryville Santa Cruz unit, where Plaintiff was housed from April 2005 to October 12, 2006,

and again from August 2007 until March 2009 (id., Ex. C, Smith Decl. ¶¶ 1, 8). Smith avers

that Plaintiff filed an inmate letter with her CO III on August 5, 2006, which complained

about her placement in a cell with a smoker (id. ¶ 10). Smith states that the CO III responded

on September 6, 2006; the response informed Plaintiff that all cells in the Santa Cruz unit are

non-smoking cells (id. ¶ 11). According to Smith, Plaintiff then submitted an inmate

grievance on September 18, 2006 (id. ¶ 12). Smith states that the Grievance Coordinator

responded to the grievance on September 26, 2006; the response stated that smoking is

against policy, that Plaintiff was not being harassed or retaliated against by staff, and that if

there is issue with an inmate smoking Plaintiff should notify the CO II or—if there was a

medical concern—submit a Health Needs Request (id. ¶ 13). Defendants maintain that

Plaintiff did not appeal this response (id. ¶ 14). 

Defendants further contend that Plaintiff did not appeal any other grievances related

to her claims (id.). In addition to Smith’s declaration, they submit declarations from Aurora

Aguilar, a Hearing Officer in ADC’s Central Office (id., Ex. A, Aguilar Decl. ¶ 1), Matthew

Musson, an ADC Health Services Appeals Officer (id., Ex. B, Musson Decl. ¶ 1), John

Baiori, Grievance Coordinator at the Perryville San Pedro Unit (id., Ex. E, Baiori Decl. ¶ 1);

and Yvonne Bivins, Grievance Coordinator at the Perryville Santa Rosa Unit (id., Ex. D,

Bivins Decl. ¶ 1). Aguilar avers that she reviewed the computerized log of all non-medical

appeals to look for any appeals filed by Plaintiff to the Director from 2008 to the present, but

found no such appeals (id., Ex. A, Aguilar Decl. ¶¶ 4-5). Musson states that upon review of

the database of all medical appeals, he found that there were none filed by Plaintiff from

2008 to the present (id., Ex. B, Musson ¶¶ 4-5). Baiori avers that there is no record that

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Plaintiff was transferred back to the San Pedro Unit in July 2010 (Doc. 21).

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The Court issued an Order with the Notice required under Wyatt v. Terhune, 315

F.3d 1108, 1120 n. 14 (9th Cir. 2003), which informed Plaintiff of the evidence necessary

to successfully rebut Defendants’ contentions (Doc. 19). 

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Plaintiff filed any grievances connected to her claims during her time at the Perryville San

Pedro Unit, where she was housed from March 2009 until May 2009 (id., Ex. E, Baiori Dec.

¶¶ 8-9). And Bivins states that there is no record that Plaintiff filed any grievances related

to her claims since she was transferred to the Santa Rosa Unit in May 2009 (id., Ex. D,

Bivins Decl. ¶¶ 8-9).4

Defendants conclude that, based on the ADC grievance records, Plaintiff did not

exhaust her administrative remedies regarding her three remaining claims; thus, they submit

that the First Amended Complaint must be dismissed (Doc. 18 at 9).

B. Plaintiff’s Response5

Plaintiff submits various arguments in opposition to Defendants’ motion (Doc. 23).

First, Plaintiff argues that she appealed her complaints to Director Ryan, the highest review

level (id. at 2). Plaintiff proffers copies of inmate letters directed to Director Ryan and dated

May 24, 2009, and June 21 and 25, 2009 (id., Ex. A2, A4, A6). She asserts that the

responses to these grievances made clear that Ryan did not care about the deplorable

conditions of confinement and the serious risk posed to Plaintiff (id. at 2). Plaintiff submits

that Ryan’s disregard of the risk is further shown by his implementation of a new policy that

allows inmates to hang out on the runs (id.). 

Second, Plaintiff contends that her complaint to ban all smoking in prison facilities

in Arizona does not constitute a grievable issue because under DO 802, actions of the

governor or state legislature are not grievable (id. at 4-5). 

Next, Plaintiff alleges that “kites were submitted” about inmates smoking in cells;

however, Defendants did nothing (id. at 6). She states that Schroeder and officers working

under Schroeder created an alternative grievance procedure, which Plaintiff followed (id.).

And finally, Plaintiff avers that the grievance policies were “wishy, washy” and they

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were used only to try and appease her (id. at 7). Plaintiff submits that she ultimately had no

choice but to seek relief from the courts (id. at 6).

Throughout her response memorandum, Plaintiff presents facts and arguments going

to the merits of her claims (see id. at 2-7). She also moves the Court to strike Defendants’

Motion to Dismiss (id. at 1; Doc. 24 (same filing docketed separately as a “motion”)).

In addition to the inmate letters to Ryan, Plaintiff proffers copies of numerous other

inmate letters dated from 2007 to 2010 that primarily concern smoking (Doc. 23, Exs. A-E),

copies of ADC policies on grooming and housing unit regulations (id., Exs. C1-C2), and her

hand-drawn map of the pod area and designated smoking areas (id., Ex. E7).

C. Defendants’ Reply

In reply, Defendants assert that Plaintiff’s contention that she exhausted all remedies

is incorrect (Doc. 25). They reargue that the grievance records shows that she filed no

grievance appeals (id. at 2). Defendants acknowledge that Plaintiff submitted at least two

inmate letters addressed to Director Ryan; however, they contend that these letters were

responded to by the Division Director, not by Ryan (id.). They further contend that these

inmate letters did not comply with the grievance procedures and do not demonstrate

exhaustion (id. at 3). 

Defendants assert that Plaintiff has not alleged that any actions of the governor or

legislature violated her rights; they argue that her claims concern conditions of confinement

and are grievable under the inmate grievance procedures (id.). As to Plaintiff’s request to

strike their Motion to Dismiss, Defendants contend that Plaintiff provides no argument to

support her request to strike, and they maintain that the evidence showing her failure to

exhaust supports their motion (id. at 4). 

III. Exhaustion

A. Legal Standard

Under the PLRA, a prisoner must exhaust available administrative remedies before

bringing a federal action concerning prison conditions. See 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a); Griffin

v. Arpaio, 557 F.3d 1117, 1119 (9th Cir. 2009). Exhaustion is required for all suits about

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prison life, Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 523 (2002), regardless of the type of relief offered

through the administrative process, Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 741 (2001). And a

prisoner must complete the administrative review process in accordance with the applicable

rules. See Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 92 (2006). 

Exhaustion is an affirmative defense. Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 212 (2007). Thus,

the defendant bears the burden of raising and proving the absence of exhaustion. Wyatt, 315

F.3d at 1119. Because exhaustion is a matter of abatement in an unenumerated Rule 12(b)

motion, a court may look beyond the pleadings to decide disputed issues of fact. Id. at 1119-

20. Further, a court has broad discretion as to the method to be used in resolving the factual

dispute. Ritza v. Int’l Longshoremen’s & Warehousemen’s Union, 837 F.2d 365, 369 (9th

Cir. 1988) (quotation omitted).

B. Analysis

As stated, Defendants must demonstrate that there were remedies available to

Plaintiff. See Wyatt, 315 F.3d at 1119; see also Brown v. Valoff, 422 F.3d 926, 936-37

(2005). Defendants submit evidence that a grievance system was available for Plaintiff’s

claims (Doc. 18, Ex. A, Attachs. 1-2). Plaintiff’s assertion that her claims in Counts V-VII

were not grievable under DO 802 is unavailing. The ADC grievance procedures specify that

issues related to conditions of confinement and complaints about institutional procedures and

ADC written instructions, i.e. Plaintiff’s claims in Counts V-VII, are grievable issues under

DO 802 (id., DO 802.01 § 1.1). 

The record shows that Plaintiff submitted numerous inmate letters related to her

claims (Doc. 23, Exs. A-E). But there is no evidence that Plaintiff proceeded with the steps

in the grievance procedures and submitted formal grievances or appeals on any of her claims.

Plaintiff makes no allegation that prison officials denied her grievance forms or in any way

prevented her from filing grievances or appeals. She asserts that she followed the

“alternative grievance procedures” created by Defendants; however, she does not describe

what those alternative grievance procedures were (id. at 6). Nor does she explain in what

way the grievance procedures were “wishy, washy” (see id. at 7). Without more, Plaintiff’s

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general assertions are insufficient to overcome the specific evidence showing that a grievance

system was available.

Further, although Plaintiff addressed some of her inmate letters to Director Ryan, who

is the final-appeal decision maker, that does not amount to exhaustion of remedies. Griffin

v. Arpaio makes clear that proper exhaustion “means that the grievant must use all steps the

prison holds out.” 557 F.3d at 1119. Plaintiff’s failure to proceed beyond the first step or

to follow the proper sequence of the grievance procedures constitutes a failure to exhaust.

The Court therefore finds that Defendants have met their burden to demonstrate

nonexhaustion; their Motion to Dismiss will be granted, and Plaintiff’s Motion to Strike will

be denied. In light of this ruling, the action will be dismissed without prejudice, and

Plaintiff’s remaining motions are moot.

IT IS ORDERED:

(1) The reference to the Magistrate Judge is withdrawn as to Defendants’ Motion to

Dismiss (Doc. 18), Plaintiff’s Motion for Emergency Preliminary Injunction (Doc. 16),

Plaintiff’s Motion for Emergency Action (Doc. 22), Plaintiff’s Motion to Strike (Doc. 24),

and Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel Release (Doc. 30).

(2) Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (Doc. 18) is granted.

(3) Plaintiff’s Motion to Strike (Doc. 24) is denied.

(4) Plaintiff’s Motion for Emergency Preliminary Injunction (Doc. 16), Motion for

Emergency Action (Doc. 22), and Motion to Compel Release (Doc. 30) are all denied as

moot.

(5) This action is dismissed without prejudice for failure to exhaust. The Clerk of

Court must enter judgment accordingly.

DATED this 17th day of September, 2010.

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