Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_08-cv-00069/USCOURTS-caed-1_08-cv-00069-29/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

MARK JONES,

 Plaintiff, 

 v. 

CDC ISU OFFICER COUCH,

 Defendant.

1:08-cv-069-LJO-MSJ

ORDER RE EVIDENTIARY HEARING

Plaintiff Mark Jones is a state prisoner at the Substance Abuse Treatment Facility at Corcoran 

State Prison (“CSP”), proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. 

§ 1983. Plaintiff’s Fifth Amended Complaint (“FAC”) alleged, among other things, that Defendant 

retaliated against him in violation of his First Amendment rights.1 As to that claim, Plaintiff alleges as 

follows:

Plaintiff’s wife attempted to visit him at CSP on September 14, 2007; however, she was denied a 

visit after being “detained,” “harassed,” and “searched for drugs” by Couch. Couch then threatened her 

not to tell Plaintiff that she was denied and was directed to tell Plaintiff not to file a “602 grievance” 

concerning the matter or else he would be placed in the security housing unit (“SHU”). 

 

1 The Court screened Plaintiff’s FAC and found that it only stated a retaliation claim against Couch. See Doc. 44. Plaintiff did 

not challenge that ruling, so the case proceeded (and will continue to proceed) on only Plaintiff’s retaliation claim against 

Couch. The Court therefore need not discuss any other aspects of Plaintiff’s FAC.

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Plaintiff is a “known litigator.” Prior to this incident, he has initiated and signed onto several 

institutional grievances and requests for injunctions while incarcerated at CSP and elsewhere. Plaintiff 

claims his wife was denied visitation rights in retaliation for his involvement in these matters.

Plaintiff attempted to file a 602 grievance concerning his wife’s denied visit, but he was told 

there was no record of her attempting to visit him. Nonetheless, Plaintiff filed “several 602 institutional 

grievances” pertaining to his wife’s being detained and denied visiting Plaintiff on September 14, 2007, 

which “prison officials” deliberately refused to process or answer.

Defendants moved to dismiss the case with prejudice exclusively on the ground that Plaintiff had 

failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. Doc. 56-1. Without holding an evidentiary hearing, the 

Court dismissed the case for failure to exhaust. See Doc. 84 at 2. The Ninth Circuit reversed, finding that 

“[w]hether [Plaintiff] actually filed a grievance 602, and whether the grievance alleged retaliation are 

material factual questions that were not readily ascertainable from the parties’ declarations.” Id. The 

Ninth Circuit remanded for an evidentiary hearing on these issues. Id. at 3.

The Court held an evidentiary hearing on the matter on March 2, 2015. See Doc. 104. Pursuant to 

the Ninth Circuit’s mandate, the hearing was limited to two issues: (1) whether Plaintiff actually filed a 

602 grievance and (2) if he did, whether it alleged retaliation. Transcript of March 2, 2015 Evidentiary 

Hearing (“Tr.”) at 6:5-10. At the hearing, Plaintiff testified that he filed a 602 grievance on September 

20, 2007, which asked “why [his] wife was searched and denied visiting,” id. at 8:18-20; 9:1-7, why she 

was threatened, and who was responsible for these acts. Id. at 12:8-9. Critically, Plaintiff also testified 

that he alleged in the 602 grievance that prison officials “threatened [his wife] for us [sic] not to file a 

grievance or they would take [him] back to the SHU.” Id. at 16:10-12. Plaintiff never received a 

response to the grievance. Id. at 10:21-25. Plaintiff further testified that he filed a second 602 grievance 

on October 20, 2007. Id. at 13:8.

Defendant Couch intended to present evidence from Campbell, an appeals coordinator at CSP. 

See Tr. At 27:21-25. The Court and counsel for Couch discussed what Campbell’s testimony would 

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concern, if she were to testify. Counsel explained that Campbell was prepared to “testify as to the 

[appeals] process, how appeals were handled, the contents of [Plaintiff’s] appeals history, and also 

discuss the specifics of the appeals that were received during the applicable time period that would be 

relevant for exhaustion.” Id. at 27:23-28:1. Further, she was prepared to testify that Plaintiff did not file 

either of the 602 grievances that he allegedly filed. Id. at 28:21-29:5. She was not, however, going to 

present any evidence that indicated Plaintiff made a claim of retaliation in his 602 grievance that he 

allegedly filed on September 20, 2007. Based on the Court’s stated observation that there was no 

evidence that the 602 contained any evidence of retaliation, counsel for Couch stated that because 

Campbell “can’t testify to that, then I think we can stand on the presentation of [Plaintiff’s] evidence.” 

Id. at 30:21-24. The Court agreed. Id. at 30:25. Accordingly, Couch did not present any witnesses or 

evidence, and the Court ruled on the basis of Plaintiff’s testimony and proffered evidence.

The Court reiterated that there were two issues to resolve at the hearing—whether Plaintiff filed 

a 602 grievance and, if so, whether it sufficiently alleged a retaliation claim against Couch—and 

explained that, because the second issue was dispositive, there was no need to make a finding as to 

whether Plaintiff actually filed the two 602 grievances he allegedly filed. Id. at 34:14-15. The Court 

therefore assumed without deciding that he did so. See id. at 34:16-35:3; see also Doc. 106 at 1 

(“Assuming (but making no such finding) that Plaintiff filed each of the two grievances at issue . . .”). 

The Court observed that, based on his own testimony, Plaintiff’s September 2007 602 grievance “asked 

why his wife was denied visitation, why she was searched and why she was threatened.” Doc. 106 at 1-

2. The Court concluded that “[t]hese questions did not serve to put [CSP] on adequate notice of 

Plaintiff’s retaliation claim.” Id. at 2. Accordingly, because it was undisputed that Plaintiff did not 

comply with CSP’s inmate appeals process concerning his alleged retaliation claim against Couch, the 

Court found that Plaintiff failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. Id. The Court therefore

reinstated its prior dismissal order and dismissed Plaintiff’s case without prejudice for failure to exhaust.

Id.

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On Plaintiff’s appeal, the Ninth Circuit vacated the Court’s dismissal order and remanded the 

case. Doc. 115. The Ninth Circuit held the Court’s finding that Plaintiff’s September 2007 602 grievance 

did not put CSP on adequate notice of his retaliation claim was “clearly erroneous because it overlooked 

[Plaintiff’s] uncontradicted testimony that he alleged in his grievance that defendant Couch threatened to 

move him to the [SHU] if [Plaintiff] filed a grievance about the denial of his wife’s visit.” Id. at 2. The 

Ninth Circuit therefore vacated and remanded the case for further proceedings. Id.

The Court concludes that another evidentiary hearing is necessary to determine whether Plaintiff 

exhausted his administrative remedies. See Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 1162, 1170-71 (9th Cir. 2014) (en 

banc) (“[I]f feasible, disputed factual questions relevant to exhaustion should be decided at the very 

beginning of the litigation.”). The hearing will be limited to the issue of whether Plaintiff in fact 

submitted any of his two alleged 602 grievances and, if so, whether either put Defendant on notice of 

Plaintiff’s retaliation claim.

Based on the prior evidentiary hearing, the Court anticipates the parties will dispute whether 

Plaintiff filed the first of his two alleged 602 grievances in September 2007. The Court notes, however, 

that “disputed factual questions relevant to exhaustion should be decided by the judge, in the same 

manner a judge rather than a jury decides disputed factual questions relevant to jurisdiction and venue.” 

Id. The Court further notes that, because Plaintiff testified that he filed both 602s and that they 

sufficiently stated the basis for his retaliation claim, which Defendant apparently intended to refute at 

the evidentiary hearing, see tr. at 28:21-29:25, the resolution of whether Plaintiff exhausted his 

administrative remedies will likely turn a credibility determination.2

 

2 The Court is permitted to make such a determination at the evidentiary hearing. See Albino, 747 F.3d at 1171 (citing Lake v. 

Lake, 817 F.2d 1416, 1420 (9th Cir.1987) (holding the district judge “has the discretion to take evidence at a preliminary 

hearing [on jurisdiction] in order to resolve any questions of credibility or fact”) and McNutt v. Gen. Motors Acceptance 

Corp., 298 U.S. 178, 188-90 (1936) (holding that the district judge may “inquire into the facts as they really exist” at an 

evidentiary hearing on jurisdiction); Panah v. Calif. Dep’t of Corrections & Rehab., No. 14-cv-166-BLF, 2015 WL 1263494, 

at *4 n.4 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 19, 2015): “The Court may, if necessary, hold an evidentiary hearing in order to resolve questions 

of credibility or determine disputed facts. See, e.g., Meredith v. Ada Cnty. Sheriff's Dep't, 2014 WL 4793931 at *4 (D. Idaho 

Sept. 25, 2014) (citing Lake v. Lake, 817 F.2d 1416, 1420 (9th Cir.1987)); Cato v. Darst, No. 2:14-cv-959-TLN-KJN-P, 2016 

WL 1734759, at *15 (E.D. Cal. May 2, 2016).

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Accordingly, the Court will hold an evidentiary hearing concerning these matters on December 

21, 2016, at 8:30A.M.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: November 4, 2016 /s/ Lawrence J. O’Neill _____ 

UNITED STATES CHIEF DISTRICT JUDGE

 

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