Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_07-cv-01362/USCOURTS-caed-1_07-cv-01362-1/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 440
Nature of Suit: Other Civil Rights
Cause of Action: 

---

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

JEREMY BROUWER and )

DAVID MARTINEZ, )

)

Plaintiffs, )

)

v. )

)

CITY OF MANTECA, et al., )

)

Defendants. )

____________________________________)

1:07-CV-1362 AWI DLB

ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO

DISMISS AND TO STRIKE IN

PART ORDER DISMISSING

CERTAIN CLAIMS WITH LEAVE

TO AMEND

(Document #20)

BACKGROUND

On September17, 2007, Plaintiff filed a complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for

alleged violations of Plaintiffs’ constitutional rights. The first claim alleges that Officer

Defendants violated Plaintiffs’ rights under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment by subjecting

Plaintiffs to excessive and unreasonable force, i.e. tasing. The second claim for relief alleges

supervisory liability based on the Supervisory Defendants failure to adequately train, supervise,

discipline, or in any other way control the Officer Defendants. The third claim alleges

Defendants violated California Civil Code § 52.1 by interfering with Plaintiffs’ rights under the

state and federal Constitutions. The fourth claim alleges Officer Defendants committed a battery

on Plaintiffs. The fifth claim alleges negligence against all Defendants.

On June 13, 2008, Defendants filed a motion to dismiss and to strike. Defendants

contend that Plaintiffs’ state law claims must be dismissed because Plaintiffs failed to comply

with the California Tort Claims Act. Defendants contend that all claims against Manteca Police

Department must be dismissed because it is a redundant defendant. Defendants seek to strike

Case 1:07-cv-01362-AWI-DLB Document 23 Filed 07/21/08 Page 1 of 8
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28 2

the request for punitive damages against the public entities. The hearing on Defendants motion

to dismiss and strike was scheduled for July 14, 2008. When Plaintiffs neither filed an

opposition nor notice of non-opposition, the court took the pending motion under submission.

LEGAL STANDARDS

A complaint may be dismissed under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil

Procedure for “failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted”. Fed.R.Civ.Pro.

12(b)(6) A Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal can be based on the failure to allege a cognizable legal theory

or the failure to allege sufficient facts under a cognizable legal theory. Balistreri v. Pacifica

Police Dep't, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9 Cir. 1990); Robertson v. Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc., 749 th

F.2d 530, 533-34 (9 Cir.1984). In considering a motion to dismiss, the court must accept as th

true the allegations of the complaint in question, construe the pleading in the light most favorable

to the party opposing the motion, and resolve all doubts in the pleader's favor. Hospital Bldg.

Co. v. Rex Hospital Trustees, 425 U.S. 738, 740 (1976); Jenkins v. McKeithen, 395 U.S. 411,

421 (1969); Broam v. Bogan, 320 F.3d 1023, 1028 (9 Cir. 2003). th

For a complaint to avoid dismissal pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), the complaint need not

contain detailed factual allegations; rather, it must plead “enough facts to state a claim to relief

that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, – U.S. – , 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1974

(2007); Weber v. Department of Veterans Affairs, 512 F.3d 1178, 1181 (9 Cir. 2008). While a th

complaint need not plead “detailed factual allegations,” the factual allegations it does include

“must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Twombly, 127 S.Ct. at

1964-65. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) requires a "showing" that the plaintiff is

entitled to relief, “rather than a blanket assertion” of entitlement to relief. Id. at 1965 n. 3. 

Thus, a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss should be granted when a plaintiff fails to nudge his or

her claims “across the line from conceivable to plausible.” Id. at 1974.

Rule 12(f) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure allows the court to strike from “any

pleading any insufficient defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous

Case 1:07-cv-01362-AWI-DLB Document 23 Filed 07/21/08 Page 2 of 8
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28 3

matter.” The purpose of a Rule 12(f) motion is to avoid the costs that arise from litigating

spurious issues by dispensing with those issues prior to trial. Sidney-Vinstein v. A.H. Robins

Co., 697 F.2d 880, 885 (9 Cir.1983). Immaterial matter is defined as matter that “has no th

essential or important relationship to the claim for relief or the defenses being pleaded.” Fantasy,

Inc. v. Fogerty, 984 F.2d 1524, 1527 (9 Cir 1993) (quoting 5 Charles A. Wright & Arthur R.

th

Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1382, at 706-07 (1990)), rev'd on other grounds, 510

U.S. 517 (1994). Impertinent matter is defined as “statements that do not pertain, and are not

necessary, to the issues in question.” Fantasy, Inc. 984 F.2d at 1527. 

ALLEGED FACTS

The complaint alleges that on or about September 17, 2005, Plaintiffs were lawfully and

peacefully in Sherri’s Bar, located at 955 E. Yosemite Avenue, Manteca California. Plaintiff

Martinez was performing at the bar with his band. During the concert, a disturbance occurred in

the audience, and Plaintiff Martinez used the microphone to ask patrons to listen to the security

guards.

The complaint alleges that Plaintiff Martinez then observed his friend being attacked by a

security guard. The complaint alleges that Plaintiff Martinez left the stage with the microphone

and told the security guard he would calm down his friend. The complaint alleges that as he

approached the location, Plaintiff Martinez was pulled outside by a Manteca Police Department

Officer. During this time, the complaint alleges that Plaintiff Martinez lost his balance and

bumped into another Officer. When he began to regain his balance, the complaint alleges that

Officer Muller than began hitting Plaintiff Martinez in the face. The complaint alleges that

Officer Beall tased Plaintiff Martinez at least twice.

The complaint alleges Officer Beall then kicked Plaintiff Martinez’s stomach, causing

him to double over in pain. The complaint alleges that Officer Beall then re-applied his taser

and forced Plaintiff Martinez’s face to the ground. The complaint alleges Officer Muller and

Officer Goforth then placed two sets of handcuffs on Plaintiff Martinez. Although he had been

Case 1:07-cv-01362-AWI-DLB Document 23 Filed 07/21/08 Page 3 of 8
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28 4

tased, the complaint alleges Defendants did not take Plaintiff Martinez to the hospital.

The complaint alleges that when Plaintiff Brouwer was attempting to leave the bar as

directed by the Officers, he was pushed from behind and fell into another Officer. The

complaint alleges Plaintiff Brouwer was immediately thrown to the guard by another Officer. 

The complaint alleges that while on the ground with his hand under his chest, Plaintiff Brouwer

was tased approximately nine times while on his stomach. Plaintiff Brouwer was taken to the

hospital.

DISCUSSION

A. State Law Claims and California Tort Claims Act

Defendants contend that Plaintiffs’ state law claims are barred because Plaintiffs have not

alleged compliance with the California Tort Claims Act (“CTCA”). In a civil rights action, the

Ninth Circuit has found that a plaintiff's pendent state law claims against the state or state

employees are barred unless the plaintiff has complied with the requirements of the CTCA before

commencing the civil action. Ortega v. O'Connor, 764 F.2d 703, 707 (9 Cir.1985), rev'd on th

other grounds, 480 U.S. 709 (1987). Compliance with the CTCA is deemed to be a substantive

element of a plaintiff’s cause of action. United States v. State of California, 655 F.2d 914, 918

(9 1980); State of California v. Superior Court (Bodde), 32 Cal.4th 1234, 1245 (2004). Before a th

cause of action may be stated, a plaintiff must allege either compliance with the claim

presentation requirement or circumstances excusing compliance. Bodde, 32 Cal.4th at 1245; 

Ovando v. County of Los Angeles,159 Cal.App.4th 42, 65 (2008); Sofranek v. Merced County, 

146 Cal.App.4th 1238, 1246 (2007). 

Here, the complaint fails to allege compliance with the CTCA. Thus, the complaint is

subject to dismissal for failure to allege compliance. Absent unusual circumstances, dismissal

without leave to amend is improper unless it is clear that the complaint could not be saved by

amendment. Chang v. Chen, 80 F.3d 1293, 1296 (9 Cir. (9 Cir. 1996). Because compliance th th

with the CTCA could be alleged, the court will dismiss the CTCA claim with leave to amend.

Case 1:07-cv-01362-AWI-DLB Document 23 Filed 07/21/08 Page 4 of 8
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28 5

B. Duplicative Defendant

The complaint names both the Manteca Police Department and the City of Manteca as

Defendants. Defendants contend that the Manteca Police Department, as a subdivision of the

City of Manteca, is a duplicative defendant.

A claim for civil rights violations pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 requires a “person” who

acted under color of state law. 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Local governmental units, such as counties or

municipalities, are considered “persons” within the meaning of Section 1983. Will v. Michigan

Dept. of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 70 (1989); Monell, 436 U.S. at 690-91 & n. 54 (1978);

County of Los Angeles v. Superior Court, 68 Cal.App.4th 1166, 1171 (1998). However,

municipal departments and sub-units, including police departments, are generally not considered

“persons” within the meaning of Section 1983. United States v. Kama, 394 F.3d 1236, 1239

(9 Cir. 2005) (Ferguson, J., concurring) (findings municipal police departments and bureaus are th

generally not considered “persons” within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 1983); Sanders v. Aranas,

2008 WL 268972, 3 (E.D.Cal. 2008)( “Fresno Police Department is not a proper defendant

because it is a sub-division of the City of Fresno”) Brockmeier v. Solano County Sheriff's Dept., 

2006 WL 3760276, *4 (E.D.Cal. 2006) (finding that sheriff’s department is a municipal

department and not a proper defendant for purposes of plaintiff's § 1983 claims); Vance v.

County of Santa Clara, 928 F.Supp. 993, 995-96 (N.D.Cal.1996) (holding that “naming a

municipal department as a defendant is not an appropriate means of pleading a § 1983 action

against a municipality). Because Defendant Manteca Police Department is a subdivision of

Defendant City of Manteca, it is an unnecessary duplicative Defendant, and it will be dismissed.

C. Official Capacity Suits 

Defendants seek to dismiss the official capacity suits against them. In Kentucky v.

Graham, the Supreme Court explained the difference between individual and official capacity

suits: Personal-capacity suits seek to impose personal liability upon a government official for

actions he takes under color of state law. Official-capacity suits, in contrast, “generally represent

Case 1:07-cv-01362-AWI-DLB Document 23 Filed 07/21/08 Page 5 of 8
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28 6

only another way of pleading an action against an entity of which an officer is an agent.” 

Graham, 473 U.S. at 165-55; Kreines v. United States, 33 F.3d 1105, 1107 (9 Cir. 1994). An th

official-capacity suit is, in all respects other than name, to be treated as a suit against the entity

because the entity is the real party in interest. Graham, 473 U.S. at 165-55; Ruvalcaba v. City of

Los Angeles, 167 F.3d 514, 524 n.3 (9 Cir. 1999); Lewis v. Sacramento County, 98 F.3d 434, th

446 (9 Cir. 1996). The Supreme Court concluded that “[a] victory in a personal-capacity action th

is a victory against the individual, rather than against the entity that employs him.” Graham, 473

U.S. at 167-68. 

A suit against a governmental officer in his official capacity is the equivalent of a suit

against the governmental entity itself. Larez v. City of Los Angeles, 946 F.2d 630, 646 (9 Cir. th

1991). The proper Monell defendant in a civil rights case is the local government entity, and not

the local government officer sued in his official capacity on behalf of the local governmental

entity. Wisler v. City of Fresno, 2007 WL 833060, *6 (E.D.Cal. 2007); Luke v. Abbott, 954

F.Supp. 202, 202 (C.D.Cal.1997). “For this reason, when both an officer and the local

government entity are named in a lawsuit and the officer is named in his official capacity, the

officer named in his official capacity is a redundant defendant and may be dismissed.” King v.

McKnight, 2008 WL 314407, *5 (E.D.Cal. 2008); . Because the City of Manteca is named in

this action, it is unnecessary for Plaintiffs to also name Defendants in their official capacities. 

These official capacity Defendants are redundant and will be dismissed.

D. Claims under Fourteenth Amendment

Defendants seek to dismiss Plaintiffs’ claims made pursuant to the Fourteenth

Amendment. Defendants argue that claims relating to search and seizure are to be evaluated

solely under the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

is applicable to the States only through the Fourteenth Amendment. Maryland v. Pringle, 540

U.S. 366, 369 (2003); California v. Minjares, 443 U.S. 916, 921 (1979); Wolf v. Colorado, 338

U.S. 25 (1949). Because the Fourteenth Amendment is necessary so that Plaintiffs may raise

Case 1:07-cv-01362-AWI-DLB Document 23 Filed 07/21/08 Page 6 of 8
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28 7

their Fourth Amendment claims against Defendants, the court does not find that the complaint’s

mention of the Fourteenth Amendment must be dismissed. While the Fourth Amendment

provides the legal standard for Plaintiffs’ alleged constitutional violations, the presence of the

Fourteenth Amendment is necessary. 

E. Punitive Damages

Defendants seek to strike any claim of punitive damages against Defendant City of

Manteca or its subdivision, Defendant Police Department. The Supreme Court has held that

punitive damages are not available against a municipal corporation for a violation of 42 U.S.C. §

1983 because municipalities enjoy traditional common law immunity from punitive damages,

and such damages would work a hardship on innocent taxpayers. Newport v. Facts Concerts,

453 U.S. 247, 258 (1981); Mitchell v. Dupnik, 75 F.3d 517, 526 (9 Cir.1996); Woods v. th

Graphic Communications, 925 F.2d 1195, 1205 (9 Cir. 1991). No punitive damages are

th

allowed against a municipality unless expressly authorized by statute. Cook County, Ill. v.

United States, ex rel. Chandler, 538 U.S. 119, 129 (2003). Thus, the complaint’s damage

request for punitive damages against Defendant City of Manteca will be struck. 

ORDER

Accordingly, the court ORDERS that:

1. The Third Cause of Action, Fourth Cause of Action, and Fifth Cause of

action are DISMISSED with leave to amend for Plaintiffs’ failure to allege

compliance with the CTCA;

2. The claims against the Manteca Police Department are DISMISSED as

duplicative of the claims against the City of Manteca;

3. Defendants’ request to dismiss the Fourteenth Amendment claims is

DENIED; 

4. All claims for punitive damages against the City of Manteca are HEREBY

STRUCK;

Case 1:07-cv-01362-AWI-DLB Document 23 Filed 07/21/08 Page 7 of 8
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28 8

5. Plaintiffs may file an amended complaint that shows compliance with the

CTCA or state that Plaintiffs desire to proceed on only the current

complaint’s claims within thirty days of this order’s date of service; and

6. Plaintiffs are FOREWARNED that failure to file an amended complaint or

state that Plaintiffs desire to proceed on the current complaint will result in

sanctions, including dismissal, of this action.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: July 18, 2008 /s/ Anthony W. Ishii 

0m8i78 CHIEF UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

Case 1:07-cv-01362-AWI-DLB Document 23 Filed 07/21/08 Page 8 of 8