Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_10-cv-02457/USCOURTS-casd-3_10-cv-02457-5/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

HOANG MINH TRAN,

Plaintiff,

v.

WILLIAM D. GORE, Sheriff, et al.,

Defendant.

_______________________________ 

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No. 10-CV-2457-BTM (WVG)

ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S

MOTION REQUESTING

COMPETENCY HEARING

BASED ON PLAINTIFF’S

MENTAL & PHYSICAL

DISABILITY PURSUANT TO

FED. R. CIV. P. RULE 17(c) AND

ALLAN TRACY GILMORE’S EX

PARTE MOTION AND REQUEST FOR COURT TO APPOINT NEXT

FRIEND OR APPOINT COUNSEL

TO LITIGATE ON BEHALF OF

HOANG MINH TRAN DUE TO

INCOMPETENCE

[DOC. NOS. 38, 49]

Pending before the Court is Plaintiff Hoang Minh Tran’s (“Plaintiff”) “Motion

Requested Competency Hearing Based on Plaintiff’s Mental & Physical Disability

Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. Rule 17(c)” and Non-Party Allan Tracy Gilmore’s (“Mr.

Gilmore”) “Ex Parte Motion and Request for Court to Appoint Next Friend or Appoint

Counsel to Litigate on Behalf of Hoang Minh Tran Due to Incompetence.” (Doc. Nos.

38, 49.) For the reasons stated below, these Motions are DENIED without prejudice.

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiff, a former state prisoner, is proceeding pro se on a civil rights action

filed under 28 U.S.C. § 1983. On November 8, 2012, Plaintiff filed a “Motion

Requested Competency Hearing Based on Plaintiff’s Mental & Physical Disability

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Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. Rule 17(c),” which the Court construes as a Motion for

Appointment of Counsel. (Doc. No. 38.) This is Plaintiff’s fifth request for

appointment of counsel. Plaintiff argues a competency hearing is appropriate because

he suffers from schizophrenia, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (“PTSD”), severe

depression, and chronic anxiety for which he takes psychotropic and painkiller

medications. Id. Plaintiff states the medications he consumes cause drowsiness,

dizziness, light headache, and lack of concentration. Id.

On November 27, 2012, after reviewing the Motion and the medical records

submitted with Plaintiff’s “Motion For Entitlement of Americans Disability Act [ADA]

Reasonable Accommodation Under Rehabilitation Act Title II Required Appointment

of Counsel,” this Court ordered Plaintiff to submit “all of his medical records from

January 1, 2012 to the present that support his allegations that he is incompetent” by

December 17, 2012. (Doc. No. 39.) On the same date, this Court ordered Defendants

William D. Gore, et al., (“Defendants”) to file an opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion by

January 14, 2013. Id.

On December 17, 2012, Plaintiff filed his 2012 medical records. (Doc. No.

46.) Together with his medical records, Plaintiff submitted a sworn declaration in

which he claims appointed counsel could make tactical decisions he is unable to make

due to his mental illness. Id. Plaintiff’s declaration also argues that the case is complex

and requires an expert witness. Id. Also included with Plaintiff’s medical records is

a letter from Dr. Li Liang, a psychiatrist at Exodus Recovery. Id. Dr. Liang’s letter

states that Plaintiff has been a client at Exodus Recovery and has been followed by a

psychiatrist. Id. Dr. Liang’s letter did not address Plaintiff’s medical or psychiatric

issues. On February 5, 2013, Plaintiff submitted additional medical records. (Doc. No.

54.)

On January 10, 2013, at the conclusion of an Order to Show Cause Hearing

before this Court, Plaintiff filed Mr. Gilmore’s “Ex Parte Motion and Request for Court

to Appoint Next Friend or Appoint Counsel to Litigate on Behalf of Hoang Minh Tran

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Due to Incompetence.” (Doc. No. 49.) Although filed by Mr. Gilmore, the Court

construes this as Plaintiff’s sixth request for appointment of counsel. Mr. Gilmore

asserts that he is incarcerated and cannot appear in court on behalf of Plaintiff. Id.

Together with his Motion, Mr. Gilmore submitted a sworn declaration in which he

states he has been litigating his own criminal case in addition to assisting Plaintiff with

this case. Id. Mr. Gilmore’s declaration also alleges that he is a witness to Plaintiff’s

mental incompetence, physical disability, and “severe lack of ability to prosecute this

case.” Id.

On January 14, 2013, Defendants filed their opposition to Plaintiff’s request

for a competency hearing. (Doc. No. 50.) Defendants argue that Plaintiff understands

the nature and extent of the proceedings because at show cause hearings he offered

explanations for his conduct to avoid the imposition of sanctions. Id. Defendants

further argue that Plaintiff’s medical records do not provide any basis to believe

Plaintiff is incompetent. Id. Defendants also note that Plaintiff “has filed numerous

motions and had discussions with the court that demonstrate that he is competent.” Id.

Defendants also submitted a copy of a transcript from an Order to Show Cause Hearing

held before Judge Major on November 27, 2012 in case 10CV2682-BTM(BLM). Id.

During the hearing, Plaintiff was required to explain why sanctions should not be

imposed for his failure to appear at a Settlement Conference and his failure to respond

to Defendant’s discovery requests. Id. Judge Major noted that since Plaintiff submits

“constant orders or motions” to her, he is capable of writing responses to Defendant’s

discovery requests. Id. Judge Major further stated Plaintiff has done a “good job” of

representing himself and she still believed he was not entitled to appointment of

counsel. Id.

On January 16, 2013, Defendants filed an opposition to Mr. Gilmore’s motion

for appointment of next friend or attorney. (Doc. No. 51.) Defendants argue that Mr.

Gilmore “does not have the foundational basis to opine that [P]laintiff is incompetent.” 

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Id. Defendants also argue that Mr. Gilmore does not qualify to be appointed as

Plaintiff’s next friend because he is not an attorney and is incarcerated. Id. 

II. LEGAL STANDARD

Plaintiff’s Motion for Competency Hearing

“Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 17(c), courts are required to ‘appoint a guardian

ad litem for an ... incompetent person not otherwise represented in an action or shall

make such other order as it deems proper for the protection of the ... incompetent

person. This Rule applies to habeas petitioners as it does to other civil litigants.” Allen

v. Calderon, 408 F.3d 1150 (9th Cir. 2005). 

In Krain v. Smallwood, a non-habeas corpus case, the Ninth Circuit reasoned

that “[t]he preferred procedure when a substantial question exists regarding the mental

competence of a party proceeding pro se is for the district court to conduct a hearing

to determine whether or not the party is competent, so that a representative may be

appointed, if needed.” Krain v. Smallwood, 880 F.2d 1119, 1121 (9th Cir. 1989).

The Ninth Circuit has not specified what constitutes substantial evidence, but

it did provide some insight in Allen. “As evidence of his incompetence, Allen

submitted his own sworn declaration and that of another inmate. Each declaration

explains that Allen is mentally ill and does not understand the court’s instructions. As

further support, Allen included a letter from the prison psychiatrist, dated April 8, 2002,

which stated Allen is under his care, diagnosed with Chronic Undifferentiated

Schizophrenia, and is taking two psychotropic medications.” Allen, 408 F.3d at 1152. 

The Ninth Circuit ultimately found that the Petitioner submitted sufficient evidence of

incompetence to at least require the district court to make a competency determination. 

The Court remanded the case and ordered the district court to conduct a competency

hearing.

In McElroy v. Cox, a § 1983 case, Judge Battaglia applied Allen and found

that there was no nexus between Plaintiff’s mental disorder and his ability to articulate

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his claims. McElroy v. Cox, 2009 WL 4895360, at *3 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 11, 2009).1/

Judge Battaglia noted that McElroy’s medical record indicated that he functioned well

when properly medicated. Id. In addition, Judge Battaglia noted that McElroy

successfully opposed Defendants’ motion to dismiss and filed two motions for

appointment of counsel with clarity and proper arguments. Id.

In Shack v. Knipp, Judge Skomal denied Petitioner’s request for a competency

hearing after determining he did not provide substantial evidence of incompetency. 

Shack v. Knipp, 2012 WL 4111652, at *7 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 17, 2012). In Shack, the

Petitioner failed to submit his own sworn declaration that he was mentally incompetent. 

Id. at *5. However, the Petitioner did submit a declaration from a fellow inmate. Id.

Judge Skomal discounted the other inmate’s declaration and determined that he did not

have the training to make a determination as to whether the Petitioner could understand

and respond to court orders. Id. Judge Skomal also noted that the Petitioner failed to

provide a letter from his treating prison psychiatrist outlining his diagnosis, medications, and treatment program. Id. In looking at Shack’s medical records, Judge Skomal

determined “that despite Petitioner being diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder,

depressed type, Petitioner is mentally stable, aware of the pending proceedings and

communicates effectively.” Id. 

Mr. Gilmore’s Ex Parte Motion and Request for Appoint of Next Friend

In Whitmore v. Arkansas, the Supreme Court determined that “‘next friend’

standing is by no means granted automatically to whomever seeks to pursue an action

on behalf of another.” Whitmore v. Arkansas, 495 U.S. 149, 163 (1990). The Court

established that “the scope of any federal doctrine of ‘next friend’ standing is no

broader than what is permitted by the habeas corpus statute...” Id. at 164-65. Courts

1/Judges in the Southern District of California assisted judges in the Eastern District of California

with their caseload for a period of time. Thus, although Judge Battaglia sits in the Southern District

of California, citing an order drafted by Judge Battaglia in an Eastern District of California case is not

in error.

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that have applied the habeas corpus statute require a ‘next friend’ to provide an

adequate explanation – such as mental incompetence – why the real party in interest

cannot appear on his own behalf to prosecute the action, and the ‘next friend’ must truly

be dedicated to the best interest of the person on whose behalf he or she seeks to

litigate. Id. at 163. The burden is on the ‘next friend’ to clearly establish the propriety

of his or her status. Id. at 164.

III. DISCUSSION

Plaintiff’s Motion for Competency Hearing

Unlike Allen, Plaintiff’s sworn declaration does not state that he has difficulty

understanding court orders or that he does not know how to respond to them. Rather,

Plaintiff’s declaration only states that he has a mental disability. The record in this case

demonstrates that Plaintiff clearly understands court orders and how to respond to them. 

On May 8, 2012, Judge Moskowitz ordered Plaintiff to submit a written response to

show cause why this case should not be dismissed for failure to prosecute. (Doc. No.

17.) On May 22, 2012, Plaintiff submitted a timely, written response to the order to

show cause. (Doc. No. 18.) On December 4, 2012, this Court also ordered defendant

to submit a written response to show cause why he has not responded to Defendants’

discovery requests. (Doc. No. 44.) On December 17, 2012, Plaintiff again submitted

a timely, written response to the order to show cause. (Doc. No. 46.) Moreover, as

required by court orders, Plaintiff appeared in person at each of the above-mentioned

show cause hearings. 

At the show cause hearing before this Court on January 10, 2013, the Court

noted that Plaintiff was very articulate and that he very clearly explained his

circumstances without much difficulty. This Court also indicated during the hearing

that Plaintiff appeared intellectually able to handle the discovery in this case. It was

evident to the Court that Plaintiff was experiencing physical discomfort, but whatever

pain he felt or medications he was taking did not at all seem to affect his clear thinking

and exercise of sound judgment. While it is apparent to the Court that English is not

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Plaintiff’s first language, his command of the language is very strong. The Court

observed Plaintiff accurately describe what he is experiencing, including the various

medications he consumes. Plaintiff also demonstrated excellent recall and recollection

of past events. Plaintiff had no difficulty communicating his thoughts to the Court and

the Court had no difficulty understanding Plaintiff. For these reasons, Plaintiff’s

declaration, as augmented by the Court’s personal observations, does not provide

substantial evidence of mental incompetence. 

Although Mr. Gilmore’s sworn declaration was submitted only with his ex

parte motion for appointment of next friend, the Court considered his declaration with

Plaintiff’s motion for competency hearing. In so doing, the Court finds Mr. Gilmore’s

declaration lacking because it summarily states that Plaintiff is mentally incompetent

and unable to litigate this case on his own. Mr. Gilmore provides no evidence to

support his assertion, nor does he provide evidence to suggest he has the proper training

to make a determination about Plaintiff’s mental competence. Thus, without more, Mr.

Gilmore’s observations provide little substantial evidence.

Plaintiff failed to provide a letter or declaration from his treating psychiatrist

outlining his diagnosis, medications, and treatment program. The letter Plaintiff

submitted from Dr. Liang at Exodus Recovery merely states that Plaintiff is a client at

Exodus. In Allen, the letter submitted from the prison psychiatrist stating that

Petitioner was under the psychiatrist’s care, diagnosed with Chronic Undifferentiated

Schizophrenia, and was taking two psychotropic medications helped establish

substantial evidence of mental incompetence. However, in the instant case, this

information is absent.

The majority of the medical records submitted by Plaintiff deal with his

physical pain rather than mental health issues. On January 30, 2012 and February 3,

2012, a mental status exam note indicated that Plaintiff was cooperative, alert, and had

coherent thought process. (Doc. No. 46 at 14, 44.) Also on February 3, 2012, an

individual progress note indicated that Plaintiff’s “English is a little broken but can

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advocate for self very well.” (Doc. No. 46 at 34.) More recently, on January 24, 2013,

mental status exam notes indicated that Plaintiff was cooperative, articulate, and had

coherent thought processes. (Doc. No. 54 at 2.) Also on January 24, 2013, Dr.

Camellia Clark noted that Plaintiff was “anxious re legal proceedings,” demonstrating

his awareness of the pending proceedings. Id. The Court finds that Plaintiff’s medical

records demonstrate that he can effectively respond to court orders, and provide no

substantial evidence of mental incompetency.

In sum, the Court finds Plaintiff has failed to provide substantial evidence of

mental incompetency required to hold a competency hearing because Plaintiff’s mental

illness does not prevent him from being able to understand and respond to court orders. 

Accordingly, the Court DENIES Plaintiff’s Motion without prejudice.

Mr. Gilmore’s Ex Parte Motion and Request for Appoint of Next Friend

Applying Whitmore, the Court finds that Mr. Gilmore has not met the burden

to clearly establish the propriety of his status as next friend. Mr. Gilmore summarily

alleges that Plaintiff is mentally incompetent to litigate this case, but he does not

present any evidence to support his allegation. In addition, Mr. Gilmore does not

provide evidence that he has the proper training to make a determination as to whether

Plaintiff can understand and respond to court orders. Mr. Gilmore states he is litigating

his own criminal case, is incarcerated, and would be unable to make appearances on

Plaintiff’s behalf. Thus, the Court does not find that Mr. Gilmore could truly be

dedicated to the best interests of Plaintiff. Moreover, Mr. Gilmore does not claim to

have a significant relationship with Plaintiff. Therefore, the Court DENIES Mr.

Gilmore’s Ex Parte Motion without prejudice. 

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: February 25, 2013

 Hon. William V. Gallo

 U.S. Magistrate Judge

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