Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-almd-1_12-cv-00326/USCOURTS-almd-1_12-cv-00326-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 864
Nature of Suit: Social Security - SSID Title XVI
Cause of Action: 42:405 Review of HHS Decision (SSID)

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IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMA

SOUTHERN DIVISION

GREGORY ALFRED VANN, )

)

Plaintiff, )

)

v. ) CIVIL ACTION NO. 1:12cv326-TFM

) (WO)

CAROLYN W. COLVIN, )

Acting Commissioner of Social )

Security, )

)

Defendant. )

MEMORANDUM OPINION

I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Plaintiff Gregory Alfred Vann (“Vann”) applied for disability benefits pursuant to

Title II of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 401 et seq., and for supplemental security

income benefits pursuant to Title XVI of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1381 et seq.,

alleging that he is unable to work because of a disability. Her application was denied at the

initial administrative level. The plaintiff then requested and received a hearing before an

Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”). Following the hearing, the ALJ concluded that the

plaintiff was not under a “disability” as defined in the Social Security Act and denied the

plaintiff’s claim for benefits. The Appeals Council rejected a subsequent request for review. 

The ALJ’s decision consequently became the final decision of the Commissioner of Social

Security (“Commissioner”).1

 See Chester v. Bowen, 792 F.2d 129, 131 (11th Cir. 1986). 

1

 Pursuant to the Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994, Pub.L. No.

103-296, 108 Stat. 1464, the functions of the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to Social

Case 1:12-cv-00326-TFM Document 16 Filed 05/06/13 Page 1 of 11
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c), the parties have consented to entry of final judgment by the

United States Magistrate Judge. The case is now before the court for review pursuant to 42

U.S.C. §§ 405 (g) and 1631(c)(3). Based on the court's review of the record in this case and

the parties’ briefs, the court concludes that the Commissioner’s decision should be

AFFIRMED.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

Under 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A), a person is entitled to disability benefits when the

person is unable to

engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically

determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result

in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period

of not less than 12 months . . . 

 To make this determination,2

 the Commissioner employs a five-step, sequential 

evaluation process. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920.

(1) Is the person presently unemployed?

(2) Is the person’s impairment severe?

(3) Does the person's impairment meet or equal one of the specific

impairments set forth in 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1?

(4) Is the person unable to perform his or her former occupation?

(5) Is the person unable to perform any other work within the economy?

An affirmative answer to any of the above questions leads either to the next

Security matters were transferred to the Commissioner of Social Security.

2

 A “physical or mental impairment” is one resulting from anatomical, physiological, or

psychological abnormalities which are demonstrable by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory

diagnostic techniques.

2

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question, or, on steps three and five, to a finding of disability. A negative

answer to any question, other than step three, leads to a determination of “not

disabled.”

McDaniel v. Bowen, 800 F.2d 1026, 1030 (11th Cir. 1986).3

The standard of review of the Commissioner’s decision is a limited one. This court

must find the Commissioner’s decision conclusive if it is supported by substantial evidence.

42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Graham v. Apfel, 129 F.3d 1420, 1422 (11th Cir. 1997). “Substantial

evidence is more than a scintilla, but less than a preponderance. It is such relevant evidence

as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson v.

Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971). A reviewing court may not look only to those parts of

the record which support the decision of the ALJ but instead must view the record in its

entirety and take account of evidence which detracts from the evidence relied on by the ALJ. 

Hillsman v. Bowen, 804 F.2d 1179 (11th Cir. 1986). 

[The court must] . . . scrutinize the record in its entirety to determine the

reasonableness of the [Commissioner’s] . . . factual findings . . . No similar

presumption of validity attaches to the [Commissioner’s] . . . legal conclusions,

including determination of the proper standards to be applied in evaluating

claims.

Walker v. Bowen, 826 F.2d 996, 999 (11th Cir. 1987).

III. ISSUES

3

 McDaniel v. Bowen, 800 F.2d 1026 (11th Cir. 1986) is a supplemental security income case (SSI). 

The same sequence applies to disability insurance benefits. Cases arising under Title II are appropriately

cited as authority in Title XVI cases. See e.g. Ware v. Schweiker, 651 F.2d 408 (5th Cir. 1981) (Unit A).

3

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A. The Commissioner’s Decision 

Vann was 53 years old at the time of the hearing and is a high school graduate. (R.

34.) He has prior work experience as a groundskeeper. (R. 36, 54.) Vann alleges that he

became disabled on December 31, 2001, due to neck and back problems. (R. 132.) After the

hearing, the ALJ found that Vann suffers from severe impairments of degenerative disc

disease of the cervical and lumbar spine. (R. 15.) The ALJ found that Vann is unable to

perform his past relevant work, but that he retains the residual functional capacity (“RFC”)

to perform less than the full range of light work. (R. 16.) Testimony from a vocational

expert led the ALJ to conclude that a significant number of jobs exist in the national

economy that Vann could perform, including work as a deliverer, automatic car wash

attendant, and textile folder. (R. 21.) Accordingly, the ALJ concluded that Vann is not

disabled. (Id.)

B. The Plaintiff's Claims 

Vann presents the following issues for review:

(1) The Commissioner’s decision should be reversed because the

ALJ relied on vocational expert testimony which conflicts with

the Dictionary of Occupational Titles and these conflicts were

not properly resolved in accordance with Social Security Ruling

00-4p.

(2) The Commissioner’s decision should be reversed because the

ALJ failed to carry her burden of proving that there were a

significant number of jobs available which Vann could have

performed.

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(3) The Commissioner’s decision should be reversed because the ALJ failed to

properly develop the record.

(Doc. No. 11, Pl. Br. at 1-2.)

IV. DISCUSSION

A. The DOT and the Number of Jobs

Vann asserts that the ALJ’s finding that he is able to perform light work as a deliverer,

automatic car wash attendant, and textile folder is not supported by substantial evidence

because the testimony of the vocational expert (“VE”) is not consistent with the Dictionary

of Occupational Titles (“DOT”). Specifically, he argues that the jobs described by the VE

have a higher reasoning level than he has the residual functioning capacity to perform, and

therefore the vocational expert’s testimony is either inconsistent or in conflict with the DOT. 

The court concludes that Vann is entitled to no relief on this basis. 

The Social Security Administration is not bound by the DOT. See Jones v. Apfel, 190

F.3d 1224, 1230 (11th Cir. 1999) (“[T]he SSA itself does not consider the DOT

dispositive.”). “[W]hen the VE’s testimony conflicts with the DOT, the VE’s testimony

‘trumps’ the DOT . . . because the DOT “is not the sole source of admissible information

concerning jobs.”” Id. at 1229-30. The Eleventh Circuit has held that because the DOT is

not comprehensive, reliance on the DOT is strictly within the discretion of the ALJ and “an

ALJ may rely solely on the VE’s testimony.” Jones, 190 F.3d at 1230-31. See also Hurtado

v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 425 Fed. Appx. 793, 795-96 (11th Cir. 2011) (not required to weigh

both VE testimony and DOT because “the VE is an expert on the kinds of jobs a person can

perform, while the DOT simply provides generalized overviews of jobs and not the specific

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requirements of a job”). 

“The Commissioner may rely on a VE to ‘offer relevant evidence within his []

expertise or knowledge concerning the physical and mental demands’ of particular jobs.” 

Leonard v. Commissioner of Soc. Sec., 409 Fed. Appx. 298, 301 (11th Cir. 2011). “In this

Circuit, a VE’s testimony trumps the DOT to the extent that the two are inconsistent. . . .The

ALJ was permitted to base his findings on these three jobs exclusively on the VE’s

testimony, irrespective of any inconsistency with the DOT, and was not required to seek

further explanation.” Jones v. Commissioner of Soc. Sec., 423 Fed. Appx. 936, 939 (11th

Cir. 2011).4

At the administrative hearing, in a hypothetical question posed to the vocational

expert, the ALJ described the plaintiff’s limitations as follows:

. . . Lifting and carrying no more than 20 pounds occasionally and 10 pounds

frequently. Would need an alternating sitting and standing job . . . but would

not need to leave the workstation. No overhead reaching and no climbing

ladders, scaffolds, or ropes, no working around heights or dangerous

equipment. And then only occasionally climbing stairs, ramps, bending,

stooping, kneeling, crouching, crawling. And short simple instructions of job

instructions. No complex or detailed job instructions.

(R. 55.)

4

 In Jones v. Commissioner of Soc. Sec., the court noted:

Jones cites SSR00-4p, which provides that “[n]either the DOT nor the [VE’s testimony]

automatically ‘trumps’” and instructs the ALJ to “elicit a reasonable explanation” for a

conflict between the two before relying on the VE’s testimony. Social Security Rulings are

not binding on this Court. To the extent that SSR 00-4p conflicts with Jones [v. Apfel,

supra], we are bound by Jones.” 

423 Fed. Appx. at 939 fn. 4 (citations omitted).

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The VE testified that there were light unskilled jobs in the national economy that the

plaintiff could perform. (Id.) Specifically, the VE testified that Vann could perform light

work such as a light deliverer, automatic car wash attendant, and textile folder. (R. 55-56.)

The vocational expert also testified that his description of jobs that constitute light work is 

consistent with the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. (R. 56-57.) 

Although the ALJ limited the plaintiff to light exertional work, he also included other

restrictions in the hypothetical question to the VE demonstrating that Vann is unable to

perform a full range of light work. (R. 55.) 

If a claimant’s RFC precludes him from performing a full range of work at a

particular exertional level (i.e., sedentary, light or medium work) or if the

claimant is subject to nonexertional limitations, the ALJ ordinarily will consult

a VE. If the ALJ consults a VE, the VE’s testimony will constitute substantial

evidence if the ALJ “poses[s] a hypothetical question which comprises all of

the claimant’s impairments.” 

Jones v. Commissioner of Soc. Sec., 423 Fed. Appx. 936, 938 (11th Cir. 2011). 

The ALJ incorporated all of the plaintiff’s impairments and detailed his residual

functional capacity in his hypothetical questions to the VE. Consequently, the ALJ is entitled

to rely on the testimony of the vocational expert. This court therefore concludes that the

ALJ’s finding that there are jobs as a deliverer, automatic car wash attendant, and textile

folder that exist in significant numbers in the national economy that Vann could perform is

supported by substantial evidence.

B. The Evidentiary Materials

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Vann asserts that the ALJ failed to develop a full and fair record. Specifically, Vann

contends that the ALJ erred in discrediting his testimony based on the lack of routine medical

treatment is erroneous because the ALJ “declined to leave the record open for further

submissions” from his treating physician, Dr. J. Antonio Aldrete. (Pl. Br. 10.) 

“It is well-established that the ALJ has a basic duty to develop a full and fair record.” 

Ellison v. Barnhart, 355 F.3d 1272, 1276 (11th Cir. 2003) (citing 20 C.F.R. § 416.912(d); 

Brown v. Shalala, 44 F.3d 931, 934 (11th Cir. 1995)). “Nevertheless, the claimant bears the

burden of proving that he is disabled, and, consequently, he is responsible for producing

evidence in support of this claim.” Id. (citing 20 C.F.R. § 416.912(a) and 20 C.F.R. §

416.912(c)). 

Nothing in the record indicates that the ALJ refused to allow the submission of

additional medical records. During the hearing, the following exchange occurred:

ATTY: Your Honor, I’m sorry, I forgot to ask you, the

conversation we had prior to the hearing about the

past records from Dr. Aldredie [sic]. I’ll be happy

to try to get those in to you as soon as possible in

order to give you a complete picture of the period

of time between the alleged onset date and DLI up 

until the present time are the records that we,

where we pick up in I believe in ‘06 or ‘08. If

you’d like me to do that I’ll be more than happy

to do, to do that, make every effort to do that as

soon as possible.

ALJ: I think we’re okay, Mr. Jackson.

ATTY: Okay.

ALJ: If you get them in here that’s great, if you don’t, because

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I have records at least up through 2001.

ATTY: Okay, thank you, Your Honor.

(R. 61.) Thus, Vann was afforded an opportunity to submit additional medical records to

the ALJ following the hearing. Vann, however, did not produce any additional records from

Dr. Aldrete to the Commissioner. Thus, Vann is not entitled to relief based on his contention

that the ALJ failed to adequately develop the medical record. 

In addition, Vann fails to show that he was prejudiced by the absence of additional

medical records. The record includes a letter from Dr. Aldrete which chronicles Vann’s

medical history in detail. (R. 271-77.) Vann’s back and neck problems initially began after

a car accident in 1992. (R. 271.) At some point after the accident, Vann underwent surgery

to remove a bone spur from his spinal cord. (R. 272.) Vann first sought treatment from Dr.

Aldrete for his complaints of neck pain and headaches in October 1999. (Id.) On November

9, 2009, an MRI indicated posterior bulging discs at C5-C6 with spur formation at the same

level impinging the right foramina. (R. 273.) Dr. Aldrete proposed a conservative treatment

plan, including a series of cervical epidural blocks and isometric exercises. (Id.) Dr. Aldrete

noted that “Mr. Vann significantly improved with this treatment plan and was able to go back

to work.” (Id.) 

On November 15, 1999, Vann was involved in another car accident. (R. 273.) Dr.

Aldrete initially administered “cervical epidural blocks and [as] the intervals between

treatments became greater [he] was able to change his treatments to less invasive

paravertebral nerve blocks.” (R. 273.) Dr. Aldrete noted that Vann’s condition improved

9

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until he was involved in another car accident on June 28, 2000. (Id.) X-rays of the cervical

spine and chest were normal and a CT scan of the head, C-spine, T-spine, L-spine were

negative. (R. 274.) On July 6, 2000, an MRI of the cervical spine indicated “multi-level

degenerative disc disease of the cervical spine with associated moderate osteoarthritic

changes, especially in the facet joints diffusely. Disc bulges or protrusions, small at C4-C-5

and C5-C6 with mild indention of the anterior central thecal sac but very little spinal cord

displacement.” (Id.) An MRI of the thoracic spine indicated “anterior wedging of the

superior end plates of T4, T5, T6, and T7 with loss of an estimated 10 to 20% anterior

vertical height. Small subligamentous herniation at T6-T7 with mild encroachment anterior

thecal space. Multiple Schmorl’s nodes. . . Moderate osteoarthritic changes of the thoracic

spine. 10< scoliosis, upper thoracic spine.” (Id.) On February 25, 2003, an MRI of the

lumbar spine revealed a bulging disc with centrally broad-based protrusion at l5-S1. (Id.) Dr.

Vann continued to treat Vann conservatively. (Id.) In May 2003, Vann injured his left foot

while using a pressure washer to wash an apartment complex door. (R. 275.)

Thus, the ALJ’s finding that conservative medical treatment was effective during the time

period at issue and that Vann was able to perform work as a pressure washer after his alleged

onset of disability is supported by substantial evidence. 

Pursuant to the substantial evidence standard, this court’s review is a limited one; the

entire record must be scrutinized to determine the reasonableness of the ALJ’s factual

findings. Lowery v. Sullivan, 979 F.2d 835, 837 (11th Cir. 1992). Given this standard of

review, the court finds that the ALJ’s decision was supported by substantial evidence.

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V. Conclusion

The court has carefully and independently reviewed the record and concludes that the

ALJ did not err as a matter of law, the decision of the Commissioner is supported by

substantial evidence and is due to be affirmed. Thus, this case will be dismissed with

prejudice.

A separate final judgment will be entered.

Done this 6th day of May, 2013.

 /s/Terry F. Moorer 

TERRY F. MOORER

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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