Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-azd-2_08-cv-01509/USCOURTS-azd-2_08-cv-01509-1/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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 JDN

WO

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

Jonathan W. Pardini, 

Plaintiff, 

vs.

Dora Schriro, et al.,

Defendants. 

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No. CV 08-1509-PHX-DGC (ECV)

ORDER

Plaintiff Jonathan W. Pardini brought this civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983

against Arizona Department of Corrections (ADC) Director Dora Schriro, Associate Deputy

Warden Watson, and Sergeant Villalobos (Doc. #1). Before the Court is Defendants’ Motion

to Dismiss for failure to exhaust administrative remedies (Doc. #14). Plaintiff did not

respond to the motion. The Court will grant Defendants’ motion and terminate the action.

I. Background

Plaintiff’s claims arose during his confinement at the Arizona State Prison ComplexYuma in Arizona (Doc. #1 at 1). In Count I, Plaintiff alleged a failure-to-protect/threat-tosafety claim (id. at 3). Plaintiff averred that he was repeatedly assaulted at each housing

assignment as a result of his reputation in the prison system as a snitch. He alleged that

despite this obvious threat and Plaintiff’s concerns about safety at a new placement location

– the Cheyenne Unit, Villalobos advised him that there would be no investigation and

Plaintiff had no recourse; he would be assigned to the Cheyenne Unit (id. at 3-3A). Plaintiff

claimed that he followed a direct order to go to his assigned placement, he was assaulted by

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1

 Upon screening, the Court dismissed Counts IV and V and dismissed Haley, Harkin,

Morris, Franko, Miller, McNatt, Dempsy, Clark, Barron, and Sundwall as Defendants

(Doc. #6).

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multiple inmates, and he sought protective placement (id. at 3A-3B). Plaintiff alleged that

Watson then advised him that he would be returned to the Cheyenne Unit and if Plaintiff

refused, he would lose personal property, medication, food, and legal materials (id.).

In Count II, Plaintiff claimed Watson was liable for denying Plaintiff food,

medication, adequate clothing, and legal and hygiene materials (id. at 4). And in Count III,

Plaintiff alleged that Schriro is liable for establishing ADC policy that deprives due process

prior to punishment and before the deprivation of rights and privileges (id. at 5).1

 

The Court directed Schriro, Watson, and Villalobos to respond to the Complaint (Doc.

#6), and they filed an Answer (Doc. #11). Defendants then filed their Motion to Dismiss

(Doc. #14).

II. Motion to Dismiss

In their motion, Defendants contend that Plaintiff failed to exhaust his administrative

remedies as required by the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a)

(id.). In support, Defendants submit the declaration of Correctional Officer III M. Huizar,

who works as the Unit Grievance Coordinator (Doc. #14, Ex. A, Huizar Decl. ¶¶ 1-2).

Huizar avers that ADC’s inmate grievance policy is set forth in Department Order (DO) 802,

Inmate Grievance System, and is available to all inmates in each unit’s library (id. ¶ 4).

Defendants submit a copy of DO 802, which describes the grievance procedure steps (id., Ex.

B). An inmate first attempts to resolve the issue informally by filing an Informal Resolution

(id., DO 802.08 § 1.1). If the issue is not resolved, the inmate may submit a formal grievance

within ten calendar days from the date of the Informal Resolution response (id., DO 802.09

§ 1.1.2). The Unit Grievance Coordinator must respond to the formal grievance within 20

days (id., 802.09 § 1.2.1). If the inmate seeks to appeal the Grievance Coordinator’s

response, he has 10 days to appeal to the Warden or Deputy Warden (id., DO 802.09 § 1.3.1).

The Warden or Deputy Warden shall provide a written response with 20 calendar days of

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receipt of the appeal (id., DO 802.09 § 1.3.3). The response must include instructions to the

inmate that he may appeal the administrative decision to the Director (id., DO 802.09

§ 1.3.4). Finally, if the inmate seeks to appeal the Warden/Deputy Warden’s response, he

may file an appeal to the Director within 10 days of receipt of that response (id., DO 802.09

§ 1.4.1). The Director’s response, due within 30 days, concludes the grievance procedures

(id., DO 802.09 § 1.4.4). The maximum length of time for completion of the grievance

process – from initiation to final disposition – is 100 calendar days (id., DO 802.07 1.2.4).

And if the time limit for response expires at any level in the process, the inmate may proceed

to the next review level (id.).

Defendants submit that Plaintiff initiated just one formal grievance related to his

concerns about his housing assignment and his claim that Watson denied him food, bedding,

shelter, clothing and toilet facilities until Plaintiff agreed to placement in a unit where he was

previously assaulted (id., Ex. A, Huizar Decl. ¶ 9, Attach. 1). Defendants state that Plaintiff

appealed the formal grievance response, and although he directed his grievance appeal to

“Director,” it was the first appeal in the process and was therefore properly forwarded to the

Deputy Warden (id. at 8). Defendants maintain that after Plaintiff received the Deputy

Warden’s response, he failed to submit an appeal to the Director (Doc. #14 at 3; Ex. A,

Huizar Decl. ¶ 10). 

Defendants further argue that Plaintiff brought this action prematurely because he

filed his Complaint before the time limits for the final grievance steps had expired (id. at 3).

Defendants explain that under the grievance policy, the Deputy Warden’s response is due

within 20 calendar days and here, Plaintiff signed and dated his grievance appeal on

February 17, 2008; thus, the response was due by March 9, 2008 (id. at 8). Defendants note

that Plaintiff filed his Complaint on March 4, 2008 (id.). They contend that even if Plaintiff’s

grievance appeal that was directed to Schriro, the “Director,” was construed as the final

appeal to the Director, the grievance policy provides 30 days for a response and Plaintiff

initiated this lawsuit before 30 days had run (id. at 8). 

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2 Notice required under Wyatt v. Terhune, 315 F.3d 1108, 1120 n. 14 (9th Cir. 2003).

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Lastly, Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s single grievance related only to Watson’s

conduct and was insufficient to put prison officials on notice of the nature of the complaints

against Villalobos (threat to safety) or Schriro (deprivation of due process) and therefore

does not constitute an attempt to exhaust those claims (id. at 8-9). Defendants explain that

as to his claim in Count III, Plaintiff was obligated to pursue a Written Instruction Grievance

as described in DO 802, which provides a grievance system for complaints related to ADC’s

classification policy (id. at 10). 

The Court informed Plaintiff of his obligation to respond and the evidence necessary

to rebut Defendants’ contentions successfully (Doc. #15).2

 Plaintiff did not respond to the

motion. The time for responding has expired, and the motion is ready for ruling.

III. Exhaustion

A. Legal Standard

Under the PLRA, a prisoner must exhaust available administrative remedies before

bringing a federal action concerning prison conditions. See 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a); Griffin

v. Arpaio, 557 F.3d 1117, 1119 (9th Cir. 2009). Exhaustion is required for all suits about

prison life, Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 523 (2002), regardless of the type of relief offered

through the administrative process, Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 741 (2001). And a

prisoner must complete the administrative review process in accordance with the applicable

rules. See Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 92 (2006). 

Exhaustion is an affirmative defense. Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 212 (2007). Thus,

the defendant bears the burden of raising and proving the absence of exhaustion. Wyatt, 315

F.3d at 1119. Because exhaustion is a matter of abatement in an unenumerated Rule 12(b)

motion, a court may look beyond the pleadings to decide disputed issues of fact. Id. at 1119-

20. Further, a court has broad discretion as to the method to be used in resolving the factual

dispute. Ritza v. Int’l Longshoremen’s & Warehousemen’s Union, 837 F.2d 365, 369 (9th

Cir. 1988) (quotation omitted).

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B. Analysis

As stated, Defendants bear the burden of proving lack of exhaustion and therefore

must demonstrate that there were remedies available to Plaintiff. See Wyatt, 315 F.3d at

1119; see also Brown v. Valoff, 422 F.3d 926, 936-37 (9th Cir. 2005). Defendants submit

evidence that a grievance system was available at the jail for Plaintiff’s claims (Doc. #14, Ex.

A, Huizar Decl. ¶ 4 ). They also submit evidence showing that Plaintiff’s sole grievance was

limited to his claims against Watson, which include Counts I and II, and that he failed to

properly exhaust those claims (id. ¶¶ 9-10, Attachs.). 

In his Complaint, Plaintiff provided some information regarding his attempts to

exhaust his three counts (Doc. #1 at 3-5). As to Count I, he stated that he submitted a request

for administrative relief, but that he did not appeal to the highest level because “the process

is underway; prior to judicial review if filed after the final appeal” (id. at 3). For Count II,

Plaintiff stated that he did appeal to the highest level and that “its at the [highest] level

allowed as processing occurs past each level” (id. at 4). It is unclear what Plaintiff means

by “prior to judicial review if filed after the final appeal’; however, his assertion that the

process is “underway” supports Defendants’ evidence that Plaintiff initiated this action

before exhaustion was completed (id. ¶¶ 9-10, Attachs. 1-5, Ex. B). 

As argued by Defendants, exhaustion must be completed prior to filing a complaint

in federal court. Vaden v. Summerhill, 449 F.3d 1047, 1050-51 (9th Cir. 2006). A prisoner

“may initiate litigation in federal court only after the administrative process ends.” Id. at

1051 (emphasis added); see also McKinney v. Carey, 311 F.3d 1198, 1199 (9th Cir. 2002).

Plaintiff’s filing of his Complaint on March 4, 2008, was before the time period had run for

a response to his appeal. Moreover, the evidence shows that Plaintiff did not submit a final

appeal to the Director as required under the grievance policy. As such, he did not properly

exhaust his claims against Watson, and those claims within Counts I and II must be

dismissed. See Woodford, 548 U.S. at 92. 

Defendants submit evidence that Plaintiff did not file any grievances seeking relief

for the claim in Count I against Villalobos or for the claim in Count III against Schriro (see

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3 In their motion, Defendants mistakenly cite to DO 802.14 rather than DO 802.13 in

reference to the procedures for Grievance of Department Written Instruction (Doc. #14 at

10). Department order 802.14 concerns procedural exceptions made if an inmate is

transferred during the grievance process (id., Ex. B, DO 802.14).

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Doc. #14, Ex. A, Huizar Decl. ¶ 9, Attachs.). With respect to his policy claim in Count III,

Plaintiff stated in his Complaint that there was no appeal process for reclassification and that

administrative relief was “banned by policy” (Doc. #1 at 3, 5). But Plaintiff did not explain

why he believed that his claim was not appealable or why he could not pursue a Written

Instruction Grievance under the grievance policy, which – as explained by Defendants –

specifically applies to challenges to ADC policies (Doc. #14 at 10, Ex. B, DO 802.13).3

 And

there is nothing in Plaintiff’s Complaint explaining why he did not file a grievance for his

claim against Villalobos. 

In failing to respond to Defendants’ motion, Plaintiff did not refute evidence that the

claims in Counts I and III were grievable and appealable and that he failed to use the

available grievance system. Based on the undisputed evidence before the Court, Plaintiff

failed to exhaust his administrative remedies, and Defendants’ motion will be granted. 

IV. Lack of a Response

Alternately, the Court has the discretion under Rule 7.2(i) of the Local Rules of Civil

Procedure to deem Plaintiff’s lack of response as consent to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss.

Plaintiff was warned of this possibility (Doc. # 15). The Ninth Circuit has upheld a dismissal

based on a failure to comply with a similar local rule in the District of Nevada. See Ghazali

v. Moran, 46 F.3d 52, 53-54 (9th Cir. 1995). Before dismissal on this basis, the court must

weigh “(1) the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the court’s need to

manage its docket; (3) the risk of prejudice to the defendants; (4) the public policy favoring

disposition of cases on their merits; and (5) the availability of less drastic sanctions.” Id. at

53 (quoting Henderson v. Duncan, 779 F.2d 1421, 1423 (9th Cir. 1986)). If the court does

not consider these factors, the record may be reviewed independently on appeal for abuse of

discretion. Henderson, 779 F.2d at 1424. 

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The first three factors do not favor Plaintiff, particularly in light of the fact that

Plaintiff has ostensibly lost interest in prosecuting his action. There is no risk of prejudice

to Defendants to resolve the motion in their favor, and judicial efficiency also favors

resolution of this action. The fourth factor of favoring disposition of cases on their merits

weighs in Plaintiff’s favor, and for the fifth factor, dismissal without prejudice is the least

drastic sanction. In light of the overall five-factor analysis weighing in Defendants’ favor,

the Court will deem Plaintiff’s lack of a response as a consent to the granting of the motion

and dismiss the action without prejudice.

IT IS ORDERED:

(1) The reference to the Magistrate Judge is withdrawn as to Defendants’ Motion to

Dismiss (Doc. #14).

(2) Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (Doc. #14) is granted; Plaintiff’s action is

dismissed without prejudice for failure to exhaust or, alternately, for failure to respond.

(3) The Clerk of Court must enter judgment of dismissal accordingly.

DATED this 17th day of November, 2009.

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