Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_08-cv-01423/USCOURTS-casd-3_08-cv-01423-0/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 820
Nature of Suit: Copyright
Cause of Action: 17:101 Copyright Infringement

---

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 1 - 08CV1423

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

FRACTIONAL VILLAS, INC.,

Plaintiff,

CASE NO. 08CV1423 DMS (AJB)

ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANT

CHRISTOPHER H. ZOCKOLL’S

MOTION TO SET ASIDE

DEFAULT

[Doc. 14]

vs.

REFLECTIONS, et al.,

Defendant.

Presently before the Court is Defendant Christopher H. Zockoll’s Motion to Set Aside Default.

For the following reasons, the motion is granted.

I.

BACKGROUND

On August 5, 2008, Plaintiff Fractional Villas filed a lawsuit against Defendants Reflections,

Reflections Private Residence Club, LLC, and Christopher H. Zockoll (“Zockoll” or “Defendant”),

alleging claims of copyright infringement, unfair competition, and intentional interference with

contract and prospective economic advantage. (Pl. Comp. at 1.) Plaintiff alleges Zockoll is the

President of Reflections and is liable for the acts of the corporate Defendants based on alter ego and

vicarious liability theories. (Id. at ¶ 5-8.)

On September 15, 2008, the clerk entered default against all three Defendants. (Docs. 9-11.)

Zockoll attempted to file a motion to dismiss on October 14, 2008 but this was rejected by the Court

Case 3:08-cv-01423-DMS-MDD Document 23 Filed 12/08/09 Page 1 of 4
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 2 - 08CV1423

because the default had already been entered. (Doc. 12.) Plaintiff has not yet filed a motion for default

judgment. Zockoll filed the instant motion on June 24, 2009, seeking to set aside the default under

Fed. R. Civ. Pro. 55(c). (Doc. 14.) On October 9, 2009, after several continuances, Plaintiff filed an

opposition to the motion. (Doc. 21.) Zockoll did not file a reply.

II.

DISCUSSION

Entry of default can be set aside for good cause. Fed. R. Civ. Pro. 55(c). The court examines

three factors when determining whether there is good cause: (1) whether the defendant’s culpable

conduct led to the default; (2) whether defendant has a meritorious defense; and (3) whether setting

aside the default will prejudice the plaintiff. TCI Group Life Ins. Plan v. Knoebber, 244 F.3d 691, 696

(9th Cir. 2001); Franchise Holding II, LLC, v. Huntington Restaurants Group, Inc., 375 F.3d 922, 926

(9th Cir. 2004). A court can deny the motion if any of the three factors are met. Id. (citing American

Ass’n of Naturopathic Physicians v. Hayhurst, 227 F.3d 1104, 1108 (9th Cir. 2000)). 

The defaulting party bears the burden of showing the default should be set aside. Id. Motions

to set aside defaultshould be liberally construed and decisions on the merits are preferred over default

judgments. Schwab v. Bullock's, Inc., 508 F.2d 353, 355 (9th Cir. 1974). A court’s discretion to set

aside a default is “especially broad” where no default judgment has been entered. O’Conner v.

Nevada, 27 F.3d 357, 364 (9th Cir. 1994).

A. Culpability

Defendant admits that he did not file his motion to dismiss prior to the clerk entering default

against him. (Def. Mem. P. & A. at 4.) Nonetheless, Defendant argues he did not engage in culpable

conduct because he attempted to defend the action. (Id.) Defendant, acting in pro se, filed a motion

to dismiss less than thirty days after the default was entered. (Id.) When Defendant received the

returned motion stamped “rejected,” he believed it meant the Court had decided his motion on the

merits and denied the motion to dismiss. (Id.) Defendant did not discover until April 2009 that

“rejected” meant the Court had not considered the merits of his motion to dismiss and he promptly

filed the instant motion.. (Id.)

Plaintiff argues Defendant was culpable because he waited over nine months from the entry

Case 3:08-cv-01423-DMS-MDD Document 23 Filed 12/08/09 Page 2 of 4
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 3 - 08CV1423

of default and over two months from the time he discovered the meaning of “rejected” to file the

motion to set aside the default. (Pl. Opp. at 3.) Further, Plaintiff argues the delay is inexcusable

because Defendant was receiving legal advice. (Id.)

Defendant offers good faith reasons for his failure to answer. For example, he asserts that he

believed the Court lacked jurisdiction over him and that his motion to dismiss was denied. (Zockoll

Decl.) He also points out that he attempted to file a motion to dismiss. (Id.) A defendant’s actions

may be culpable where he or she acts “with a devious, deliberate, willful, or bad faith failure to

respond.” TCI Group, 244 F.3d at 698. Since there is no such evidence in this case, the Court finds

that Defendant’s actions were not culpable.

B. Meritorious Defense

Defendant argues he has two meritorious defenses to the case: (1) this Court lacks personal

jurisdiction over him; and (2) Defendant is not liable for the acts of a corporation. (Zockoll Decl.)

Plaintiff argues that Zockoll has minimum contacts with California, that he was doing business in San

Diego, and that Zockoll will be liable for the acts of the corporation on alter ego and/or vicarious

liability theories. (Pl. Opp. at 4.)

A party seeking to vacate entry of default must allege specific facts that would constitute a

defense, but the burden is not extraordinarily heavy. TCI Group, 244 F.3d at 700. Here, Zockoll

alleges lack of personal jurisdiction because he is a resident of Nevada and he does not do business

in California. In effect, Defendant alleges he does not have sufficient minimum contacts with

California to justify this Court’s exercise of personal jurisdiction. Defendant has set forth sufficient

facts to present his defense.

C. Prejudice

Defendant argues Plaintiff will not be prejudiced if the default is set aside because default

judgment has not yet been entered. (Def. Mem. P. & A. at 6.) Plaintiff argues it will suffer prejudice

because it has expended considerable time and expense in preparing the motion for default judgment.

Plaintiff further argues that its ability to prosecute the action may suffer from the substantial amount

of time that has passed and that it may delay default judgment against the other defaulted Defendants.

The Court finds that any prejudice to Plaintiff is minimal since default judgment has not yet

Case 3:08-cv-01423-DMS-MDD Document 23 Filed 12/08/09 Page 3 of 4
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

- 4 - 08CV1423

been entered. Further, Plaintiff failed to move for default judgment in the nine months between

receiving entry of default and Defendant’s filing of the instant motion, which negates its claims of

prejudice due to delay. 

III.

CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated above, the Defendant’s motion is granted.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

DATED: December 8, 2009

HON. DANA M. SABRAW

United States District Judge

Case 3:08-cv-01423-DMS-MDD Document 23 Filed 12/08/09 Page 4 of 4