Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-casd-3_13-cv-01021/USCOURTS-casd-3_13-cv-01021-2/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 550
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Civil Rights (U.S. defendant)
Cause of Action: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

ZACHARY L. WEIR,

Inmate No. 12548161,

Civil No. 13cv1021 GPC (MDD)

Plaintiff, ORDER DISMISSING FIRST

AMENDED COMPLAINT

WITHOUT PREJUDICE FOR

FAILING TO STATE A 

CLAIM PURSUANT TO

28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(b) & 1915A(b)

vs.

ROBERT M. SZUMOWSKI, Judge; KERRY

WELLS, Judge; CHARLES R. GILL, Judge;

FREDERIC McGUIRE, Judge; BRENDEN

McHUGH, Deputy District Attorney;

EUKETA OLIVER, Public Defender;

WILLIAM STEARNS, Supervising Public

Defender; WILLIAM STRALKA, Trial

Counsel,

Defendants.

I.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On April 16, 2013, ZacharyWeir (“Plaintiff”), an inmate currently housed at Atascadero

State Hospital located in Atascadero, California, filed this civil action in the Northern District

of California. (ECF No. 1.) Plaintiff also filed a Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”)

pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a). (ECF No. 2.) On April 30, 2013, United States Magistrate

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Judge Elizabeth Laporte determined that the majority of Plaintiff’s claims arose in San Diego

and therefore, transferred the action to the Southern District of California. (ECF No. 4.) 

This Court granted Plaintiff’s Motion to Proceed IFP but simultaneously dismissed his

Complaint for seeking monetary damages against immune defendants and for failing to state a

claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) & 1915A. (ECF No. 7.) On June 12, 2013,

Plaintiff filed his First Amended Complaint (“FAC”). (ECF No. 9.) In his First Amended

Complaint, Plaintiff no longer names Robert Szumowski, Kerry Wells, Charles Gill, Frederic

McGuire, Euketa Oliver, Williams Stearns or William Stralka as Defendants. Thus, the Court

finds that Plaintiff has waived his claims against them and DISMISSES these Defendants from

this action. See King v. Atiyeh, 814 F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1987). 

II.

SUA SPONTE SCREENING PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) & 1915A(b)

As the Court stated in its previous Order, notwithstanding payment of any filing fee or

portion thereof, the Prison Litigation ReformAct(“PLRA”)requires courts to review complaints

filed by prisoners against officers or employees of governmental entities and dismiss those or

any portion of those found frivolous, malicious, failing to state a claim upon which relief may

be granted, or seeking monetary relief from a defendant immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C.

§§ 1915(e)(2)(B) and 1915A; Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126-27 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc)

(§ 1915(e)(2)); Resnick v. Hayes, 213 F.3d 443, 446 (9th Cir. 2000) (§ 1915A).

Prior to the PLRA, the former 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d) permitted sua sponte dismissal of only

frivolous and malicious claims. Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1126, 1130. However 28 U.S.C.

§§ 1915(e)(2) and 1915A now mandate that the court reviewing a prisoner’s suit make and rule

on its own motion to dismiss before directing that the complaint be served by the U.S. Marshal

pursuant to FED.R.CIV.P.4(c)(2). Id. at 1127 (“[S]ection 1915(e) not only permits, but requires

a district court to dismiss an in forma pauperis complaint that fails to state a claim.”); Barren v.

Harrington, 152 F.3d 1193, 1194 (9th Cir. 1998). The district court should grant leave to

amend, however, unless it determines that “the pleading could not possibly be cured by the

allegation of other facts” and if it appears “at all possible that the plaintiff can correct the

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defect.” Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1130-31 (citing Doe v. United States, 58 F.3d 494, 497 (9th Cir.

1995); Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 701 (9th Cir. 1990)). 

“[W]hen determining whether a complaint states a claim, a court must accept as true all

allegations of material fact and must construe those facts in the light most favorable to the

plaintiff.” Resnick, 213 F.3d at 447; Barren, 152 F.3d at 1194 (noting that § 1915(e)(2)

“parallels the language of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6)”). However, while liberal

construction is “particularly important in civil rights cases,” Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258,

1261 (9th Cir. 1992), the court may nevertheless not “supply essential elements of the claim that

were not initially pled.” Ivey v. Board of Regents of the University of Alaska, 673 F.2d 266, 268

(9th Cir. 1982). 

As currently pleaded, it is clear that Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint fails to state a

cognizable claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Section 1983 imposes two essential proof

requirements upon a claimant: (1) that a person acting under color of state law committed the

conduct at issue, and (2) that the conduct deprived the claimant of some right, privilege, or

immunity protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States. See 42 U.S.C. § 1983;

Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527, 535 (1981), overruled on other grounds by Daniels v. Williams,

474 U.S. 327, 328 (1986); Haygood v. Younger, 769 F.2d 1350, 1354 (9th Cir. 1985) (en banc).

First, the Court finds that the entirety of Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint contains

challenges to either his pending criminal matter or his past criminal conviction. “In any § 1983

action, the first question is whether § 1983 is the appropriate avenue to remedy the alleged

wrong.” Haygood v. Younger, 769 F.2d 1350, 1353 (9th Cir. 1985) (en banc). A prisoner in

state custody simply may not use a § 1983 civil rights action to challenge the “fact or duration

of his confinement.” Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 489 (1973). The prisoner must seek

federal habeas corpus relief instead. Wilkinson v. Dotson, 544 U.S. 74, 78 (2005) (quoting

Preiser, 411 U.S. at 489). “[W]hen a state prisoner seeks damages in a § 1983 suit, the district

court must consider whether a judgment in favor of the plaintiff would necessarily imply the

invalidity of his conviction or sentence; if it would, the complaint must be dismissed unless the

plaintiff can demonstrate that the conviction or sentence has already been invalidated.” Heck

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v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 487 (1994). Thus, Plaintiff’s § 1983 action may be “barred (absent

prior invalidation)–no matter the reliefsought (damages or equitable relief), no matter the target

of his suit (state conduct leading to conviction or internal prison proceedings)–if success in that

action would necessarily demonstrate the invalidity of confinement or its duration.” Wilkinson,

544 U.S. at 82. 

In this case, some of Plaintiff’s claims, particularly those alleging a “malicious”

prosecution, may“necessarilyimplythe invalidity” of his confinement or its duration. Heck, 512

U.S. at 487; Wilkinson, 544 U.S. at 82. In creating a favorable termination rule in Heck, the

Supreme Court relied on “the hoary principle that civil tort actions are not appropriate vehicles

for challenging the validity of outstanding criminal judgments.” Heck, 511 U.S. at 486. Thus,

to the extent Plaintiff challenges the constitutional validity of an outstanding conviction or

sentence, to satisfy Heck’s “favorable termination” rule, he must allege facts which show that

the “malicious prosecution” which forms the basis of his § 1983 suit has already been: 

(1) reversed on direct appeal; (2) expunged by executive order; (3) declared invalid by a state

tribunal authorized to make such a determination; or (4) called into question by the grant of a

writ of habeas corpus. Heck, 512 U.S. at 487 (emphasis added); see also Butterfield v. Bail, 120

F.3d 1023, 1025 (9th Cir. 1997).

Plaintiff has alleged no facts sufficient to satisfy Heck. Thus, any claims pertaining to

the legality of his criminal proceedings may be barred by Heck. See, e.g., Guerrero v. Gates,

442 F.3d 697, 703 (9th Cir. 2006) (Heck barred plaintiff’s civil rights claims alleging wrongful

arrest, malicious prosecution and conspiracyamong police officers to bring false charges against

him). 

Moreover, to the extent Plaintiff also names San Diego DeputyDistrictAttorneyBrenden

McHugh for instituting a “malicious prosecution” against him, his First Amended Complaint

must be dismissed. Criminal prosecutors are absolutely immune from civil damages suits

premised upon acts committed within the scope of their official duties which are “intimately

associated with the judicial phase of the criminal process.” Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409,

430 (1976); see also Buckley v. Fitzsimmons, 509 U.S. 259, 272-73 (1993); Burns v. Reed, 500

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U.S. 478, 487-93 (1991). A prosecutor is immune even when the prosecutor’s malicious or

dishonest action deprived the defendant of his or her liberty. Ashelman, 793 F.2d at 1075. 

Thus, Plaintiff’s claims against this Defendant are dismissed for seeking monetary relief against

defendants who are immune from such relief.

III.

CONCLUSION AND ORDER

Good cause appearing, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED:

Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint is DISMISSED without prejudice for failing to

state a claim upon which relief may be granted. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) & § 1915A(b). In

addition, the Court finds further amendment would be futile. See Cahill v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.,

80 F.3d 336, 339 (9th Cir. 1996) (denial of a leave to amend is not an abuse of discretion where

further amendment would be futile); see also Robinson v. California Bd. of Prison Terms, 997

F. Supp. 1303, 1308 (C.D. Cal. 1998) (“Since plaintiff has not, and cannot, state a claim

containing an arguable basis in law, this action should be dismissed without leave to amend; any

amendment would be futile.”) (citing Newland v. Dalton, 81 F.3d 904, 907 (9th Cir. 1996)).

IT IS FURTHER CERTIFIED that an IFP appeal from this final order of dismissal

would not appear to be taken “in good faith” pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3). See Coppedge

v. United States, 369 U.S. 438, 445 (1962); Gardner v. Pogue, 558 F.2d 548, 550 (9th Cir. 1977)

(indigent appellant is permitted to proceed IFP on appeal only if appeal would not be frivolous).

The Clerk shall close the file.

DATED: September 18, 2013

HON. GONZALO P. CURIEL

United States District Judge

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