Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-cand-3_15-cv-01329/USCOURTS-cand-3_15-cv-01329-4/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 890
Nature of Suit: Other Statutory Actions
Cause of Action: 15:1692 Fair Debt Collection Act

---

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

DANIEL SCHUCHARDT, et al.,

Plaintiffs,

v.

LAW OFFICE OF RORY W. CLARK,

Defendant.

Case No. 15-cv-01329-JSC 

ORDER GRANTING MOTION FOR 

FINAL APPROVAL OF CLASS 

ACTION SETTLEMENT AND MOTION 

FOR ATTORNEYS’ FEES

Re: Dkt. Nos. 51, 52

Plaintiffs Daniel Schuchardt (“Schuchardt”) and Michelle Muggli (“Muggli,” and together, 

“Plaintiffs”) bring this pre-certification class action on behalf of themselves and a putative class of 

consumers against Defendant Law Office of Rory Clark, A Professional Law Corporation 

(“Defendant”), alleging violations of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (“FDCPA”), 15 

U.S.C. § 1692, and corresponding sections of the Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act 

(“Rosenthal Act”), Cal. Civ. Code § 1788, arising out of language in the initial debt collection 

letters that Defendant sent to Plaintiffs and the rest of the putative class. Specifically, Plaintiffs 

contend that the initial communication notice misrepresented their rights by failing to notify them 

that certain statutory rights would be triggered only by the recipients’ disputing the debt in 

writing, not just orally. On January 20, 2016, the Court issued an Order granting Plaintiffs’ 

unopposed Motion for Preliminary Approval of Class Action Settlement. Schuchardt v. Law 

Office of Rory W. Clark, No. 15-cv-01329-JSC, 2016 WL 232435, at *1 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 20, 2016).

Now pending before the Court are Plaintiffs’ unopposed motions for final approval of the 

class action settlement and for attorneys’ fees and expenses. (Dkt. Nos. 51, 52.)1 Defendant does 

 

1 Record citations are to material in the Electronic Case File (“ECF”); pinpoint citations are to the 

ECF-generated page numbers at the top of the documents.

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 1 of 27
2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

not oppose the motions. There are no objections from any Class Members. The Court held a 

fairness hearing regarding final approval and fees on April 28, 2016. Having considered the 

arguments of counsel and the papers submitted, the Court GRANTS final approval of the 

Settlement Agreement and GRANTS the requested attorneys’ fees and costs.

BACKGROUND

A. Factual Background

The following undisputed facts are based on the parties’ recitation of the undisputed facts 

described in their briefing on Defendant’s motion for summary judgment. 

Defendant is a law firm that engages in debt collection on behalf of its clients, including 

Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank of America”). Plaintiffs, who are consumers within the meaning 

of the FDCPA, incurred debt to Bank of America. When Plaintiffs’ debts became delinquent, 

Bank of America referred them to Defendant to initiate debt collection. Defendant then mailed 

letters with the following language to Plaintiffs:

If you notify this firm within thirty (30) days after your receipt of 

this letter, that the debt, or any portion thereof, is disputed, we will 

obtain verification of the debt or a copy of the judgment, if any, and 

mail a copy of such verification or judgment to you. Upon your 

written request within the same thirty-day period mentioned above, 

we will provide you with the name and address of the original 

creditor, if different from the current creditor.

Unless you dispute the validity of the debt or any portion thereof 

within thirty (30) days after your receipt of this letter, we will 

assume that the debt is valid.

(Dkt. Nos. 1-1, 1-2.) Neither Plaintiff contacted Defendant, either orally or in writing, to lodge a 

dispute about the debt, request a validation, or otherwise seek more information about the debt 

within 30 days of receipt of the debt collection letter. 

B. Procedural History

Plaintiffs filed the instant class action complaint on March 23, 2015 under Section 

1692g(a)(4) of the FDCPA and Section 1788.17 of the Rosenthal Act, alleging that the statement 

misrepresented the rights of consumers by failing to inform Plaintiffs that their dispute of debt 

must be in writing. (Dkt. No. 1.) Defendant answered soon after, and the parties commenced 

limited discovery. At the case management conference on July 16, 2015, they agreed to stay 

discovery and class certification briefing until after resolution of a discrete, dispositive legal issue: 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 2 of 27
3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

whether the language in the letter is misleading insofar as it misrepresents Plaintiffs’ statutory 

rights to request a debt validation. In accordance with that discussion, the parties fully briefed 

Defendant’s motion for summary judgment (Dkt. Nos. 30-32), but prior to the hearing the parties 

submitted a joint notice of class action settlement. (Dkt. No. 34.) Following a hearing, Plaintiffs 

filed a revised settlement agreement and class notice and submitted an additional declaration in 

support thereof. 2 The Court granted the parties’ motion for preliminary approval of the 

Settlement Agreement on January 20, 2016. Schuchardt, 2016 WL 232435, at *1.

In accordance with the Order granting preliminary approval, Plaintiffs filed a motion for 

final approval and a motion for attorneys’ fees and reimbursement of expenses on March 21, 2016. 

(Dkt. Nos. 51, 52.) On February 18, 2016, the claims administrator mailed Notice of the proposed 

Settlement Agreement to the putative class via U.S. Mail. (Dkt. Nos. 51 at 15, 51-1 at 1.) By the 

date of the final fairness hearing, there were no objections and 29 exclusions. (Dkt. No. 57 ¶ 5; 

Dkt. No. 57-1 ¶¶ 15-16/.)

SETTLEMENT TERMS3

At some point after the complaint was filed, the parties engaged in settlement discussions. 

At that time, the action had been pending for six months, and the parties had engaged in only 

limited discovery before the Court stayed all discovery and the parties’ deadline to complete Early 

Neutral Evaluation. (Dkt. Nos. 26, 29.) There is no information before the Court about the scope 

of the parties’ negotiations or whether a neutral third party participated. The parties ultimately 

agreed to the Settlement Agreement before the Court. (Dkt. No. 44-1.) The key provisions are as 

follows. 

The Settlement Class is defined as: 

All persons with a California address to whom Law Office of Rory 

W. Clark, A Professional Law Corporation mailed an initial debt 

collection communication that stated: “If you notify this firm within 

thirty (30) days after your receipt of this letter, that the debt or any 

 

2

In this Order, the revised settlement agreement and revised class notice submitted after the 

preliminary approval hearing are referenced as the Settlement Agreement and Class Notice, 

respectively.

3 A more thorough description of the background of this case, the settlement negotiations, and the 

terms of the Settlement Agreement can be found in the Preliminary Approval Order, which the 

Court incorporates here in full. See Schuchardt, 2016 WL 232435, at *1-4.

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 3 of 27
4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

portion thereof, is disputed, we will obtain verification of the debt or 

a copy of the judgment, if any, and mail a copy of such verification 

or judgment to you,” between June 1, 2014 and June 1, 2015, in 

connection with the collection of a consumer debt.

(Dkt. No. 49-1 ¶ 1.C.) Excluded from the Class is any person already subject to an existing 

agreement regarding the debt collection communication, any person who is deceased, and any 

person who has filed for bankruptcy protection under Title 11 of the United States Code. (Id.) 

The Settlement Agreement provides for a total Settlement Fund of $13,610. (Id. ¶ 17.A.) 

The Settlement Agreement provides for adjustment of that total Settlement Fund amount if the 

parties discover there are additional or fewer Class Members such that the Settlement Fund 

consists of a flat $10.00 distribution per Class Member (id.), and at the preliminary approval 

hearing, Class Counsel confirmed that the intent of the Settlement Agreement was for each Class 

Member to receive $10.00, not a pro rata share of a total fixed Settlement Fund. Since the 

Preliminary Approval Order, the parties have discovered that there are only 930 Class Members. 

(Dkt. No. 56 ¶ 2.) Instead of decreasing the amount of the Settlement Fund to account for a flat 

$10.00 distribution to each of the 930 Class Members as they previously intended, the parties

instead agreed to keep the Settlement Fund of $13,610 intact to be distributed pro rata to all 

participating Class Members. (Id. ¶ 3.) Thus, each Class Member will receive even more than the 

Settlement Agreement initially provided.

The Settlement Agreement also provides that Defendant will pay $1,000.00 to each named 

Plaintiff pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(a)(2)(B)(i). (Dkt. No. 49-1 ¶ 17.B.) In addition, the

Settlement Agreement provides that Defendant will pay Class Counsel’s attorneys’ fees, costs, and 

expenses, as well as the costs of settlement administration. (Id. ¶¶ 17.D, E.) With respect to those 

fees, the Settlement Agreement provides that Class Counsel will not seek more than $55,000 and 

Defendant will not challenge any requested fees, costs, and expenses up to $40,000. (Id. ¶ 17.D.)

For costs associated with settlement administration, the Settlement Agreement itself does 

not set a maximum amount, nor does the Notice include any estimate of administration costs. (Id. 

¶ 17.E.) The Settlement Agreement also includes a non-monetary term of relief: Defendant will 

no longer use the language at issue in this case in its initial debt collection letters. (Id. ¶ 17.C.) 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 4 of 27
5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

To the extent that any funds remain in the Settlement Fund—that is, uncashed checks sent 

to Class Members—the amount will be paid to Bay Area Legal Aid as a cy pres recipient. (Id. 

¶ 17.A.) Therefore, none of the Settlement Fund will revert to Defendant. 

In exchange for participation, Class Members agree to release all claims against Defendant 

that arise out of the language at issue in the debt collection letters that Defendant sent. (Id. ¶ 1.D.)

DISCUSSION

Judicial policy strongly favors settlement of class actions. Class Plaintiffs v. City of 

Seattle, 955 F.2d 1268, 1276 (9th Cir. 1992). “To vindicate the settlement of such serious claims, 

however, judges have the responsibility of ensuring fairness to all members of the class presented 

for certification.” Staton v. Boeing Co., 327 F.3d 938, 952 (9th Cir. 2003). Where the “parties 

reach a settlement agreement prior to class certification, courts must peruse the proposed 

compromise to ratify both the propriety of the certification and the fairness of the settlement.” Id.

In the first stage of the process, the court preliminarily approves the settlement pending a final 

fairness hearing, temporarily certifies a settlement class, and authorizes notice to the class. See 

Villegas v. J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., No. CV 09-00261 SBA (EMC), 2012 WL 5878390, at *5 

(N.D. Cal. Nov. 21, 2012). “At the [final] fairness hearing . . . after notice is given to putative 

class members, the court entertains any of their objections to (1) the treatment of the litigation as a 

class action and/or (2) the terms of the settlement.” Ontiveros v. Zamora, 303 F.R.D. 356, 363 

(E.D. Cal. 2014) (citing Diaz v. Trust Territory of Pac. Islands, 876 F.2d 1401, 1408 (9th Cir. 

1989)). Following the final fairness hearing, the Court must reach a final determination as to 

whether the parties should be allowed to settle the class action pursuant to their agreed upon terms. 

See id.; Nat’l Rural Telecomm’cns Corp. v. DIRECTV, Inc., 221 F.R.D. 523, 535 (C.D. Cal. 2004).

I. Final Approval of the Settlement Agreement

A. Final Class Certification of the Settlement Class

1. Rule 23(a) Requirements

Class actions must meet the following requirements prior to certification:

1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is 

impracticable; 2) there are questions of law or fact common to the 

class; 3) the claims or defenses of the representative parties are 

typical of the claims or defenses of the class; and 4) the 

representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests 

of the class.

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 5 of 27
6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a). These requirements are known as numerosity, commonality, typicality, and 

adequacy of representation, respectively. Leyva v. Medline Indus. Inc., 716 F.3d 510, 512 (9th 

Cir. 2013). The Court must determine that Lead Plaintiff has satisfied his burden to demonstrate 

that the proposed class satisfies each element of Rule 23. These requirements “demand undiluted, 

even heightened, attention in the settlement context . . . for a court asked to certify a settlement 

class will lack the opportunity, present when a case is litigated, to adjust the class, informed by the 

proceedings as they unfold.” Amchem Prods. Inc. v. Windsor, 521 U.S. 591, 620 (1997) (citations 

and footnote omitted).

The Court previously found the putative class satisfied the requirements for numerosity, 

commonality, typicality, and adequacy of representation under Rule 23(a). Schuchardt, 2016 WL 

232435, at *6. The Court is unaware of any changes that would alter its analysis as to 

commonality, typicality, and adequacy of representation.

However, some new facts have arisen regarding numerosity that merit comment. The 

Court’s Order granting preliminary approval of the Settlement Agreement found the putative class 

sufficiently numerous based on the parties’ representation that there were 1,361 Class Members. 

Schuchardt, 2016 WL 232435, at *4-6. Plaintiffs now represent that the Class numbers 930 

members, which is smaller than anticipated at the preliminary approval stage. (Compare Dkt. No. 

49-2 ¶ 2 (stating that 1,361 Class Members exist), with Dkt. No. 52-1 at 5 n.1 & Dkt. No. 56 ¶ 2

(stating that 930 Class Members exist).) But Plaintiffs have explained this discrepancy: since the 

Preliminary Approval Order, Defendant determined that 1,361 separate accounts existed, not 

1,361 unique Class Members, because some Class Members had multiple accounts with 

Defendant and therefore received multiple allegedly violative letters. (Id. at 5.) However, the 

reduction in Class Members does not affect Plaintiffs’ ability to satisfy the numerosity 

requirement, as even 930 Class Members is sufficiently numerous to satisfy Rule 23(a). See Gold 

v. Midland Credit Mgmt., Inc., 306 F.R.D. 623, 630 (N.D. Cal. 2014) (“A plaintiff need not state 

the exact number of class members, and there is no threshold number above which 

impracticability is presumed.”) (citing O’Donovan v. CashCall, Inc., 278 F.R.D. 479, 488 (N.D. 

Cal. 2011)). Thus, all four of Rule 23(a)’s requirements are met. 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 6 of 27
7

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

2. Rule 23(b) Requirements

A potential class must also meet one of the conditions outlined in Rule 23(b)—of 

relevance here, the condition that “the court finds that the questions of law or fact common to class 

members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members, and that a class 

action is superior to other available methods for fairly and efficiently adjudicating the 

controversy.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(3). In evaluating the proposed class, “pertinent” matters 

include:

(A) the class members’ interests in individually controlling the 

prosecution or defense of separate actions;

(B) the extent and nature of any litigation concerning the 

controversy already begun by or against class members;

(C) the desirability or undesirability of concentrating the litigation of

the claims in the particular forum; and

(D) the likely difficulties in managing a class action.

Id.

Again, the Court previously found that both prerequisites of Rule 23(b)(3) were satisfied. 

Schuchardt, 2016 WL 232435, at *6-7. The Court is unaware of any changes that would alter its 

analysis. Thus, the Settlement Agreement meets the Rule 23(b) requirements. 

3. Rule 23(c)(2) Notice Requirements

Finally, if the Court certifies a class under Rule 23(b)(3), it “must direct to class members 

the best notice that is practicable under the circumstances, including individual notice to all 

members who can be identified through reasonable effort.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(c)(2)(B). Rule 

23(c)(2) governs both the form and content of a proposed notice. See Ravens v. Iftikar, 174 F.R.D. 

651, 658 (N.D. Cal. 1997) (citation omitted). The notice must be “reasonably certain to inform the 

absent members of the plaintiff class,” but Rule 23 does not require actual notice. Silber v. 

Mabon, 18 F.3d 1449, 1454 (9th Cir. 1994) (citation omitted).

As the Settlement Agreement provides, the Court-appointed class administrator, Kurtzman 

Carson Consultants, LLC (“Kurtzman”), sent the Notice via U.S. Mail to 930 Class Members, 

including the named Plaintiffs. (Dkt. No. 51 at 7; Dkt. No. 57-1 ¶ 2; see also Dkt. No. 49-1 ¶ 6 

(establishing Kurtzman as settlement administrator); id. ¶ 7 (setting forth notice requirements and 

procedures).) The U.S. Postal Service returned a number of Notices and provided forwarding 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 7 of 27
8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

addresses for some. (Dkt. No. 57-1 ¶ 11.) For others, Kurtzman conducted an address search 

using credit and other public source databases to locate new addresses. (Id. ¶ 12.) Kurtzman 

resent those Notice Packets to Class Members. (Dkt. No. 57-1 ¶ 11.) Some were returned again. 

Ultimately, Kurtzman sent 18 of those notices to “bad addresses”: one Notice was mailed, 

returned, re-mailed after Kurtzman, then returned again by the U.S. Postal Service; 17 Notices

were mailed and returned and Kurtzman was unable to find a new address for the recipient after 

despite searching. (Dkt. No. 57-1 ¶¶ 12-14.) Under the circumstances presented, the Court is 

satisfied that this system of providing notice was reasonably calculated to provide notice to 

Settlement Class Members and was the best form of notice available under the circumstances. 

Likewise, the content of the Notice is sufficient: it clearly identifies the options available to 

the putative class. (See Dkt. No. 49-1 at 27.) Class Members have the option to: do nothing and

stay in the Settlement Agreement; ask to be excluded from the Settlement Agreement; or object to 

the terms of the Settlement Agreement. (Id.) The Notice also thoroughly explains the nature and 

mechanics of settlement. (Id. at 28-32.) The content of the Notice is therefore sufficient to satisfy 

Rule 23(c)(2)(B). See Churchill Vill., L.L.C. v. Gen. Elec., 361 F.3d 566, 575 (9th Cir. 2004)

(“Notice is satisfactory if it ‘generally describes the terms of the settlement in sufficient detail to 

alert those with adverse viewpoints to investigate and to come forward and be heard.’”) (citation 

omitted).

* * *

Because the Settlement Class satisfies Rules 23(a) and 23(b)(3), and Notice was sufficient 

in accordance with Rule 23(c), the Court will grant final class certification.

B. Approval of the Settlement Agreement

Having determined that class treatment is warranted, the Court now addresses whether the 

terms of the parties’ settlement appears fair, adequate, and reasonable under Rule 23(e). In 

making this determination, a court typically considers the following factors initially set forth in 

Churchill Village, L.L.C. v. General Electric, 361 F.3d 566 (9th Cir. 2004): “(1) the strength of the 

plaintiff’s case; (2) the risk, expense, complexity, and likely duration of further litigation; (3) the 

risk of maintaining class action status throughout the trial; (4) the amount offered in settlement; 

(5) the extent of discovery completed and the stage of the proceedings; (6) the experience and 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 8 of 27
9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

views of counsel; (7) the presence of a governmental participant; and (8) the reaction of the class 

members of the proposed settlement.” Id. at 575. The court need not consider all of these factors, 

or may consider others. In re Bluetooth Headset Prods. Liab. Litig., 654 F.3d 935, 942 (9th Cir. 

2011) (“The factors in a court’s fairness assessment will naturally vary from case to case[.]”).

But in Bluetooth, the Ninth Circuit explained that when “a settlement agreement is 

negotiated prior to formal class certification, consideration of these eight . . . factors alone is” 

insufficient. Id. at 946 (emphasis in original). In these cases, courts must show not only a 

comprehensive analysis of the above factors, but also that the settlement did not result from 

collusion among the parties. Id. at 947. Because collusion “may not always be evident on the face 

of settlement, . . . [courts] must be particularly vigilant not only for explicit collusion, but also for 

more subtle signs that class counsel have allowed pursuit of their own self-interests and that of 

certain class members to infect the negotiations.” Id. The court identified three such signs:

(1) when class counsel receives a disproportionate distribution of the 

settlement, or when the class receives no monetary distribution but 

counsel is amply awarded[;]

(2) when the parties negotiate a “clear sailing” arrangement 

providing for the payment of attorneys’ fees separate and apart from 

class funds without objection by the defendant which carries the 

potential of enabling a defendant to pay class counsel excessive fees 

and costs in exchange for counsel accepting an unfair settlement on 

behalf of the class[;] and

(3) when the parties arrange for fees not awarded to revert to 

defendants rather than to be added to the class fund.

Id. (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). For the reasons stated below, on balance a 

review of these factors indicates that this Settlement Agreement is fair, adequate, and reasonable. 

1. The Churchill Factors

a. Strength of Plaintiffs’ Case and the Risk, Expense, Complexity, and 

Likely Duration of Further Litigation

The first relevant factor is the risk of continuing litigation, including the strengths and 

weaknesses of Plaintiffs’ case on the merits, balanced against the certainty and immediacy of 

recovery from the Settlement Agreement. See Dunleavy v. Nadler (In re Mego Fin. Corp. Sec. 

Litig.), 213 F.3d 454, 458 (9th Cir. 2000); Rieckborn v. Velti PLC, No. 13-cv-3889-WHO, 2015 

WL 468329, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 3, 2015) (citations omitted). Although this action reached 

settlement before the Court had occasion to consider the claims’ merits, the Court need not reach 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 9 of 27
10

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

an ultimate conclusion about the merits of the dispute now, “for it is the very uncertainty of 

outcome in litigation and avoidance of wasteful and expensive litigation that induce consensual 

settlements.” Officers for Justice v. Civ. Serv. Comm’n of City & Cnty. of San Francisco, 688 

F.2d 615, 625 (9th Cir. 1982) (citations omitted). To that end, there is no “particular formula by 

which th[e] outcome must be tested.” Rodriguez v. W. Publ’g Corp., 563 F.3d 948, 965 (9th Cir. 

2009); Garner v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. CV 08 1365 CW (EMC), 2010 WL 

1687832, at *9 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 22, 2010). Rather, the court’s assessment of the likelihood of 

success is “nothing more than an amalgam of delicate balancing, gross approximations and rough 

justice.” Rodriguez, 563 F.3d at 965 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “In reality, 

parties, counsel, mediators, and district judges naturally arrive at a reasonable range for settlement 

by considering the likelihood of a plaintiffs’ or defense verdict, the potential recovery, and the 

chances of obtaining it, discounted to a present value.” Id. “In most situations, unless the 

settlement is clearly inadequate, its acceptance and approval are preferable to lengthy and 

expensive litigation with uncertain results.” DIRECTV, 221 F.R.D. at 526 (quotation marks and 

citation omitted).

Here, Plaintiffs filed a class action complaint under Section 1692g(a)(4) of the FDCPA and 

Section 1788.17 of the Rosenthal Act, alleging that a statement included in the debt collection 

letters addressing the recipient’s ability to dispute the debt in writing, not just orally, 

misrepresented consumers’ rights by failing to inform Plaintiffs that they must dispute their debt 

in writing to obtain a statutory right to verification. (Dkt. No. 1.) Although Defendant maintains 

that the language at issue did not violate the FDCPA, Defendant has confirmed, in writing, that it

has changed the language of its form collection letter to address Plaintiffs’ concerns. (Dkt. No. 51 

at 7.)

Plaintiffs maintain that a risk in continued litigation remains because Defendant made 

various arguments and raised policy considerations to oppose Plaintiffs’ claims. (Id. at 11.) 

Although Plaintiffs did not address these specific issues in their motion for final approval, 

Plaintiffs’ brief in opposition to Defendant’s motion for summary judgment identifies factual 

disputes that would need to be developed in the record prior to entry of judgment, including: the 

frequency with which debtors have telephoned Defendant to dispute a debt; the frequency with 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 10 of 27
11

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

which Defendant has provided written verification of a debt to a debtor who disputed his or her 

debt orally; the means and frequency by which Defendant has trained its employees regarding the 

proffered Standard Operating Procedures (“SOPs”); the means and frequency by which Defendant 

ensures that its employees strictly follow the proffered SOPs, particularly with regard to oral debt 

disputes; the penalties that Defendant imposes, if any, for failing to comply with the proffered 

SOPs; Defendant’s quality control efforts with regard to employees’ SOP compliance, if any; 

whether and to what extent, upon receiving an oral debt dispute, Defendant immediately ceases all 

collection activities on that debtor’s account; the means by which Defendant ensures that 

collections activities remain suspended until debt verification has been provided; whether any of 

Defendant’s employees has ever violated the proffered SOPs, and the details of these violations; 

Defendant’s policies and procedures upon learning that a debtor disputed his or her debt orally and 

was subsequently treated differently than a debtor who disputes his or her debt in writing; and 

what recourse, if any, does the debtor have against Defendant should Defendant fail to honor its 

word or follow its own SOPs. (Dkt. No. 31-1 ¶ 12.) In addition, Plaintiffs represent that they 

would need to depose Defendant and its compliance manager. (Id. ¶ 13.) 

Moreover, Defendant’s motion for summary judgment on the dispositive issue in the 

case—whether the language in the letter is misleading insofar as it misrepresents Plaintiffs’ 

statutory rights to request a debt validation—presents another hurdle present in litigation. The 

Court never ruled on this issue, and a ruling for plaintiff is not a certainty. Thus, if the parties 

were to continue with litigation, they would have to address all of the above issues, and as noted in 

the Preliminary Approval Order, further briefing and litigation would include the costs of a motion 

for class certification and potentially trial. Schuchardt, 2016 WL 232435, at *11.

As to the potential monetary risks, the FDCPA limits the recovery for Class Members to 

the lesser of $500,000 or one percent of the defendant’s net worth. 15 U.S.C. 

§ 1692k(a)(2)(B)(ii). “Net worth” for the purposes of the FDCPA means balance sheet net worth, 

not fair market net worth including goodwill. Sanders v. Jackson, 209 F.3d 998, 1000 (7th Cir. 

2000) (cited with approval by Gonzales v. Arrow Fin. Servs., 660 F.3d 1055, 1068 (9th Cir. 

2011)). Here, Defendant has submitted a declaration averring that the proposed Settlement Fund 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 11 of 27
12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

exceeds one percent of Defendant’s net worth.4(Dkt. No. 49-2 ¶ 2.) Thus, the Settlement Fund 

represents more monetary relief for each Class Member than the FDCPA itself would allow, and 

therefore represents a recovery in excess of what Plaintiffs would have received had they 

proceeded with trial. (See also discussion I.B.c.)

Further, Plaintiffs acknowledge that Defendant’s conduct may not have been intentional. 

(Dkt. No. 51 at 12.) The FDCPA provides for an award up to certain amounts depending on a 

number of factors, including the nature of the debt collector’s noncompliance. (Id.) Because 

damages are not mandatory, continued litigation presents a risk to Plaintiffs of expending time and 

money on this case with the possibility of no recovery at all for the Class. 

In light of the risks and costs of continued litigation, the immediate reward to Class 

Members is preferable. Specifically, each Class Member will receive approximately $15.10. (See 

Dkt. No. 56 ¶ 6.) This is over $5.00 more than what was originally outlined in the Settlement 

Agreement, which further supports the Settlement Agreement’s value to the Class. (See Dkt. No. 

49-1 ¶ 17.A.) The settlement administrator must also make disbursements to the entire Class 

within 15 days of the Court’s final approval order. (Id.) Although Plaintiffs might ultimately 

prevail on the merits of the case following continued litigation, the Settlement Agreement 

provides the benefit of sooner and certain recovery in excess of what Plaintiffs would have 

received following trial because of the FDCPA’s cap on monetary relief. (Dkt. No. 51 at 13.) 

This factor therefore weighs in favor of approval.

b. Risk of Maintaining Class Action Status Throughout Trial

In considering the third factor, the Court looks to the risk of maintaining class certification 

if the litigation were to proceed. There does not appear to be any issue with maintaining class 

certification here; indeed, courts regularly certify FDCPA class actions. See, e.g., Hunt v. Check 

Recovery Sys., Inc., 241 F.R.D. 505, 511-12 (N.D. Cal. 2007); Abels v. JBC Legal Grp., P.C., 227 

F.R.D. 541, 547 (N.D. Cal. 2005). This result seems likely here, where all of the Class Members 

received the same collection letters regarding their Bank of America debts. (Dkt. Nos. 1-1, 1-2.) 

 

4 Defendant submitted this declaration in connection with the preliminary approval motion. (Dkt. 

No. 49-2.) The parties have not submitted any evidence that suggests that Defendant’s value has 

changed since that time.

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 12 of 27
13

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

However, if this case had not settled, Defendant may have opposed Plaintiffs’ motion for class 

certification, and even if the Class was certified, the Court could still re-evaluate the 

appropriateness of class certification at any point. Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(c)(1)(c); see, e.g., Catala v. 

Resurgent Capital Servs. L.P., No. 08cv2401 NLS, 2010 WL 2524158, at *3 (S.D. Cal. June 22, 

2010) (FDCPA case finding this factor favored settlement even though all putative class members 

received the same or similar letter). Thus, this factor also favors settlement. 

c. Amount Offered in Settlement

The fourth fairness factor, the amount of recovery offered, also favors final approval of the 

Settlement Agreement. This factor “is generally considered the most important, because the 

critical component of any settlement is the amount of relief obtained by the class.” Bayat v. Bank 

of the W., No. C-13-2376 EMC, 2015 WL 1744342, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 15, 2015) (citation 

omitted). Because “the interests of class members and class counsel nearly always diverge, courts 

must remain alert to the possibility that some class counsel may urge a class settlement at a low 

figure or on a less-than-optimal basis in exchange for red-carpet treatment on fees.” In re HP 

Inkjet Printer Litig., 716 F.3d 1173, 1178 (9th Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks, citation, and 

footnote omitted). 

When considering the fairness and adequacy of the amount offered in settlement, “it is the 

complete package taken as a whole, rather than the individual component parts, that must be 

examined for overall fairness.” DIRECTV, 221 F.R.D. at 527 (citation omitted). “[I]t is wellsettled law that a proposed settlement may be acceptable even though it amounts to only a fraction 

of the potential recovery that might be available to the class members at trial.” Id. (collecting 

cases).

The parties agreed that Defendant will establish a Settlement Fund in the amount of 

$13,610. (Dkt. No. 49-1 ¶ 17.D.) The Court found this amount reasonable when the parties 

represented that there were 1,361 Class Members, and that each Class Member would receive at 

least $10.00. See Schuchardt, 2016 WL 232435, at *10-11. Now, with 930 Class Members and 

29 exclusions, the 901 participating Class Members will each receive a pro rata distribution of the 

$13,610 Settlement Fund resulting in a payment of approximately $15.10. (See Dkt. No. 56 ¶ 6.) 

Thus, the amount fares even better for Class Members than it did at the preliminary approval 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 13 of 27
14

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

stage. And as before, the Settlement Fund still represents more monetary relief to each Class 

Member than the FDCPA itself would allow because the Settlement Fund exceeds one percent of 

Defendant’s net worth. See 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(a)(2)(B)(ii) (stating that the FDCPA limits recover 

for class members to the lesser of $500,000 or one percent of the defendant’s net worth). (See also 

Dkt. No. 49-2 ¶ 2 (stating that the Settlement Fund of approximately $13,610.00 exceeds 1 percent 

of Defendant’s net worth “at any time during the pendency of this action, as well as the 

present.”).) 

Notably, the per-Class Member recovery is lower than other FDCPA cases in the Ninth 

Circuit. See, e.g., Durham v. Continental Cent. Credit, Inc., No. 07cv1763 BTM (WMc), 2011 

WL 2173769, at *2 (S.D. Cal. June 2, 2011) (approving a $17,750 settlement fund for 97 class 

members, totaling $186 per class member); Fabiani v. Oreck Corp., No. C 05-2140 JSW, 2006 

WL 1390458, at *1-2 (N.D. Cal. May 19, 2006) (approving a $45,000 settlement fund for 195 

class members, totaling $230 per class member). However, because the statutory limit on 

recovery varies by the defendant’s net worth, the higher recovery in other actions does not mean 

the recovery is inadequate here, where Plaintiffs’ potential recovery is limited by Defendant’s 

more modest net worth.

Moreover, as noted previously and in the Preliminary Approval Order, proceeding with 

litigation comes with its own additional costs, such as the costs of briefing a motion for class 

certification, motions for summary judgment, and potentially trial. Schuchardt, 2016 WL 232435, 

at *11.

In sum, Defendant’s net worth limits the scope of recovery here, and the Settlement Fund 

provides for recovery that exceeds this scope. Thus, even if the amount of per-Class Member

recovery is less than the amount typically obtained in this District, because it exceeds the statutory 

maximum recovery, the amount offered in the Settlement Agreement favors final approval. 

d. Extent of Discovery Completed & the Stage of the Proceedings

In the context of class action settlements, as long as the parties have sufficient information 

to make an informed decision about settlement, “formal discovery is not a necessary ticket to the 

bargaining table[.]” Linney v. Cellular Alaska P’ship, 151 F.3d 1234, 1239 (9th Cir. 1998) 

(quotation marks and citation omitted). Rather, the court focuses on whether “the parties carefully 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 14 of 27
15

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

investigated the claims before reaching a resolution.” Ontiveros, 303 F.R.D. at 371 (citation 

omitted).

The extent of discovery completed and stage of the proceeding also supports the 

Settlement Agreement. The parties only engaged in limited, informal discovery before discovery 

was stayed. (Dkt. No. 51 at 10.) But they fully briefed Defendant’s summary judgment motion on 

the dispositive issue in this case—whether the language of Defendant’s collection letters violated 

the FDCPA—but settled before the Court held oral argument or ruled on the motion. (Dkt. Nos. 

30-32.) This briefing allowed the parties to gain an understanding of their respective positions on 

the primary legal issue before reaching settlement, and thus both parties had “a clear view of the 

strengths and weaknesses of their cases.” In re Portal Software, Inc. Sec. Litig., No. C-03-5138 

VRW, 2007 WL 4171201, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 26, 2007) (quotation marks and citation omitted). 

Therefore, the procedural posture of this case favors approval of the Settlement Agreement. See 

Catala, 2010 WL 2524158, at *3 (S.D. Cal. June 22, 2010) (FDCPA case finding this factor 

weighed in favor of approval where the parties had conducted some discovery to determine which 

defendant was a debt collector and one of the defendant’s net worth).

e. Experience and Views of Counsel

The experience and views of counsel also weigh in favor of approving the Settlement

Agreement. Class Counsel has extensive experience litigating consumer protection class actions, 

including class actions brought under the FDCPA. (See Dkt. No. 52-1.) Both Plaintiffs and Class 

Counsel believe that the settlement is fair, reasonable, and adequate, and in the best interests of the 

Class. (Dkt. No. 51 at 11.) Given Class Counsel’s extensive experience in this field, and their

assertion that the settlement is fair, adequate, and reasonable, this factor supports final approval of 

the Settlement Agreement. See Hanlon, 150 F.3d at 1026; Rodriguez v. West Pub. Corp., No. 

CV05–3222 R(MCx), 2007 WL 2827379, at *8 (C.D. Cal. Sept. 10, 2007) (“The trial court is 

entitled to, and should, rely upon the judgment of experienced counsel for the parties.”).

f. Presence of a Government Participant

No government entity is a party to this action. In the complaint, Plaintiffs did not assert 

jurisdiction pursuant to the Class Action Fairness Act (“CAFA”), 28 U.S.C. § 1715. (See Dkt. No. 

1.) Nevertheless, Plaintiffs argue that this factor weighs in favor of approval of the Settlement 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 15 of 27
16

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

Agreement because they sent CAFA notice to the United States Attorney General as well as the 

Attorneys General for 14 states, and as of the day before the final approval hearing, no state or 

federal official has raised any objection or concern regarding the Settlement Agreement. (See Dkt. 

No. 51 at 15; see also Dkt. No. 57-1 ¶¶ 5-6; Dkt. No. 57-1 at 13.) At the final approval hearing, 

counsel represented that there had been no changes that would alter the Court’s analysis, which is 

confirmation that no government official objected. 

“Although CAFA does not create an affirmative duty for either state or federal officials to 

take any action in response to a class action settlement, CAFA presumes that, once put on notice, 

state or federal officials will raise any concerns that they may have during the normal course of the 

class action settlement procedures.” Garner, 2010 WL 1687832, at *14. In Holman v. Experian 

Information Solutions, Inc., No. 11–cv–0180 CW (DMR), 2014 WL 7186207, at *3 (N.D. Cal. 

Dec. 12, 2014), the court noted that although a governmental entity was not a party to the action 

and the plaintiffs likewise did not invoke CAFA jurisdiction in the operative complaint, the 

plaintiffs nevertheless notified Attorneys General for all 50 states and the U.S. Attorney General 

pursuant to CAFA. See id.; see also First Amended Class Action Complaint, Holman v. Experian 

Info. Solutions, Inc., No. 11-cv-0180 CW (DMR) (N.D. Cal. Oct. 5, 2011), Dkt. No. 59. The 

Holman court implied that the lack of objections from state or federal officials favored settlement. 

Id. at *3. So too here. While there is no governmental entity party to this action, neither state nor 

federal officials lodged any objection after receiving notice of the Settlement Agreement. Thus, 

this factor favors the Settlement Agreement.

g. Reaction of the Class Members

The number of class members who object to a proposed settlement is a factor to be 

considered. Mandujano v. Basic Vegetable Prods., Inc., 541 F.2d 832, 837 (9th Cir. 1976). 

“[T]he absence of a large number of objections to a proposed class action settlement raises a 

strong presumption that the terms of a proposed class settlement are favorable to the class 

members.” Omnivision, 559 F. Supp. 2d at 1043 (quotation marks and citation omitted). Put 

another way, a “court may appropriately infer that a class action settlement is fair, adequate, and 

reasonable when few class members object to it.” Larsen v. Trader Joe’s Co., No. 11-cv-05188-

WHO, 2014 WL 3404531, at *5 (N.D. Cal. July 11, 2014) (internal quotation marks and citation 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 16 of 27
17

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

omitted); see also Hanlon, 150 F.3d at 1027 (“[T]he fact that the overwhelming majority of the 

class willingly approved the offer and stayed in the class presents at least some objective positive 

commentary as to its fairness.”).

The claims administrator mailed the Court-approved Notice via U.S. Mail to 930 Class 

Members. (Dkt. No. 51 at 15.) As discussed above, the claims administrator was unable to find 

good addresses for 18 Class Members—less than two percent of the Class—who therefore did not 

receive the Notice Packet. (Dkt. No. 57-1 ¶ 14.) Thus, the vast majority of Class Members 

properly received the Notice Packet, and as of the final fairness hearing, no Class Member has

objected to it. By any standard, the lack of objection of the Class Members favors approval of the 

Settlement. See, e.g., Churchill Vill., 361 F.3d at 577 (affirming settlement with 45 objections out 

of 90,000 notices sent); Rodriguez, 2007 WL 2827379, at *10 (affirming settlement with 54 

objections out of 376,000 notices). 

In addition, by the day before the final fairness hearing there were only 29 requests for 

exclusions5(see Dkt. No. 56 ¶ 6), and counsel confirmed at the final fairness hearing that there 

had been no further exclusion requests. The Court “may appropriately infer that a class action 

settlement is fair, adequate, and reasonable when few class members object to it.” Garner, 2010 

WL 1687832, at *14 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Twenty-nine exclusions 

represent 3 percent of the Class. By any measure, this small number of exclusions representing a 

very small portion of the total shares at issue and the absence of objections further supports the 

Settlement Agreement. See Chun-Hoon v. McKee Foods Corp., 716 F. Supp. 2d 848, 852 (N.D. 

Cal. 2010) (noting that zero objections and 16 opt-outs representing 4.86 percent of the class 

“strongly supports settlement”); Hughes v. Microsoft Corp., No. C98-1646C, C93-0178C, 2001 

WL 34089697, at *8 (W.D. Wash. 2001) (finding approval of class supported a finding of fairness 

where with 37,000 notices sent out there were 9 objections and less than 1% of the putative class 

opted out). For each of these reasons, the reaction of the Class strongly supports final approval of 

the Settlement Agreement.

 

5

The Class Administrator received 28 requests for exclusion from Class members, and one from a 

person who was not included on the Class list. (Dkt. No. 57 ¶ 5; Dkt. No. 57-1 ¶ 15; id. at 16.) 

However, the parties are including the non-Class member in the number of opt-outs. (Dkt. No. 57 

¶ 5.)

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 17 of 27
18

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

2. The Bluetooth Factors

Given that the parties reached this Settlement Agreement prior to class certification, the 

Court must look beyond the Churchill factors and examine the settlement for evidence of 

collusion with an even higher level of scrutiny. See Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 946. The question here 

is whether the Settlement Agreement was the result of good faith, arms-length negotiations or 

fraud and collusion. Two of the three warnings signs that the Ninth Circuit identified exist.

However, for the reasons described below, even if those warning signs exist, the Court finds no 

evidence of collusion between the parties. See Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 950 (noting that upon 

remand the district court may uphold the settlement notwithstanding the presence of all three of 

the Bluetooth warning signs).

In the first Bluetooth factor, the Court compares the payout to the class (actual and 

expected) to the unopposed claim of fees by class counsel. See Harris v. Vector Mktg. Corp., No. 

C–08–5198 EMC, 2011 WL 4831157, at *6 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 12, 2011). The total payout to the 

Class is $13,610. (Dkt. No. 49-1 ¶ 17.A; Dkt. No. 56 ¶ 3.) Class Counsel’s unopposed fees claim 

is $52,500 (Dkt. No. 52 at 14)—just short of four times the Settlement Fund. This ratio taken 

alone may be sign of collusion. See Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 947. However, here the attorneys’ fees 

and Class Members’ recovery do not come from a common fund. Thus, this Bluetooth warning 

sign, although perhaps initially a red flag, is not a sign of collusion.

The second warning sign—a “clear sailing” provision—is also present here. A clear 

sailing arrangement provides “for the payment of attorneys’ fees separate and apart from class 

funds, which carries the potential of enabling a defendant to pay class counsel excessive fees and 

costs in exchange for counsel accepting an unfair settlement on behalf of the class[.]” Bluetooth, 

654 F.3d at 947 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted); see also Weinberger v. Great N. 

Nekoosa Corp., 925 F.2d 518, 524 (1st Cir. 1991) (“[L]awyers might urge a class settlement at a 

low figure or on a less-than-optimal basis in exchange for red-carpet treatment on fees.”). So it is 

here: the Settlement Agreement provides that Defendant will pay attorneys’ fees, costs, and 

expenses “separate and apart from the Settlement Fund, costs of Settlement Administration, and 

payment to Plaintiffs.” (Dkt. No. 49-1 ¶ 17.D.) Moreover, Class Counsel agrees not to challenge 

any fee and cost requests that do not exceed $40,000. (Id.) However, under the circumstances 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 18 of 27
19

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

presented here, the Settlement Agreement does not appear to be an example of Defendant agreeing 

to pay Class Counsel excessive fees and costs in exchange for accepting an unfair settlement for 

the Class. Instead, as discussed above, the Settlement Fund is more than the Class Members could 

have received had they continued to litigate this action, and as discussed below, the amount of fees 

and costs is reasonable. Thus, the clear sailing provision, though a Bluetooth warning sign, does 

not signal collusion under the circumstances presented here.

The third warning sign—whether the parties have arranged for fees not awarded to the 

class to revert to defendants rather than be added to the settlement fund, see Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 

948—is not present here, where the non-reversionary Settlement Agreement provides that any 

remaining fees be distributed to Bay Area Legal Aid. (Dkt. No. 49-1 ¶ 17.A.) 

Notwithstanding the existence of two of the three Bluetooth factors, the Court concludes 

that the Settlement Agreement did not result from, nor was influenced by, collusion because the 

Settlement Agreement adequately satisfies the Class Members’ claims. Specifically, there are no 

objections to the Settlement Agreement (Dkt. No. 51 at 15), and the Settlement Agreement 

provides injunctive relief that ensures no more consumers will receive Defendant’s letter in the 

future. As explained below, the amount of fees sought is reasonable.

* * *

In sum, the Churchill fairness factors support approval, and the Bluetooth factors do not 

indicate collusion. The Court is therefore satisfied that the Settlement was not the result of 

collusion between the parties and instead is the product of arms-length negotiations between 

experienced and professional counsel. There are no objections to address. For each of these 

reasons, the Settlement Agreement passes muster under Rule 23(e) and final approval is 

appropriate.

II. Motion for Attorneys’ Fees and Reimbursement of Expenses 

Next, the Court must determine whether the requested attorneys’ fees and reimbursement 

of expenses, the claims administrator costs, and the statutory awards to named Plaintiffs are fair 

and reasonable.6 Class Counsel seeks an award of $52,500 in attorneys’ fees, which is inclusive of 

 

6

Though not part of Class Counsel’s motion for attorneys’ fees and reimbursement of expenses, 

the Court nonetheless reviews the reasonableness of the administration costs and statutory awards 

here.

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 19 of 27
20

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

expenses incurred. For the reasons set forth below, the Court will award the full amount of 

attorneys’ fee and expenses sought.

A. Attorneys’ Fee Award

When a negotiated class action settlement includes an award of attorneys’ fees, the fee 

award must be evaluated in the overall context of the settlement. Knisley v. Network Assocs., 312 

F.3d 1123, 1126 (9th Cir. 2002). At the same time, the court “ha[s] an independent obligation to 

ensure that the award, like the settlement itself, is reasonable, even if the parties have already 

agreed to an amount.” Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 941.

Under the FDCPA, a successful plaintiff is entitled to receive reasonable attorneys’ fees 

and costs as part of the damages from the liable debt collector. 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(a)(3); see also 

Camacho v. Bridgeport Fin., Inc., 523 F.3d 973 (9th Cir. 2008) (“The FDCPA’s statutory 

language makes an award of fees mandatory.”). Courts in the Ninth Circuit calculate an award of

attorneys’ fees using the lodestar method, whereby a court multiplies “the number of hours the 

prevailing party reasonably expended on the litigation by a reasonable hourly rate.” Camacho,

523 F.3d at 978 (internal citation and quotation marks omitted). Although the lodestar figure is 

generally presumed to be a reasonable fee award, a district court “may, if circumstances warrant, 

adjust the lodestar to account for other factors which are not subsumed within it.” Id. (internal 

citation and quotation marks omitted). District courts have “a great deal of discretion in 

determining the reasonableness of the fee.” Id. (internal citation and quotation marks omitted).

“Once the court has fixed the lodestar, it may increase or decrease that amount by applying a 

positive or negative multiplier to take into account a variety of other factors, including the quality 

of the representation, the novelty and complexity of the issues, the results obtained, and the 

contingent risk presented.” Thayer v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 92 Cal. App. 4th 819, 833 (2001)

(citation omitted).

A party seeking attorneys’ fees has the burden of demonstrating that the rates requested are 

“in line with the prevailing market rate of the relevant community.” Carson v. Billings Police 

Dep’t, 470 F.3d 889, 891 (9th Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 

Generally, “the relevant community is the forum in which the district court sits.” Camacho, 523 

F.3d at 979 (citing Barjon v. Dalton, 132 F.3d 496, 500 (9th Cir. 1997)). Typically, “affidavits of 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 20 of 27
21

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

the plaintiffs’ attorney and other attorneys regarding prevailing fees in the community and rate 

determinations in other cases . . . are satisfactory evidence of the prevailing market rate.” United 

Steelworkers of Am. v. Phelps Dodge Corp., 896 F.2d 403, 407 (9th Cir. 1990).

Plaintiffs do not request a percentage of recovery from the common fund, but instead seek 

attorneys’ fees and expenses separate from the Class Members’ recovery. Therefore, the lodestar 

method is the appropriate means of determining whether Class Counsel’s fee request is reasonable. 

See Camacho, 523 F.3d at 978 (internal citations omitted); see, e.g., Hunt v. Imperial Mercht. 

Servs., No. C–05–04993 DMR, 2010 WL 3958726, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 7, 2010) (using the 

lodestar method to determine reasonable attorneys’ fees to successful plaintiffs in a FDCPA class 

action settlement). 

1. Reasonable Rate

“The first step in the lodestar analysis requires the court to determine a reasonable hourly 

rate for the fee applicant’s services. This determination involves examining the prevailing market 

rates in the community charged for similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, 

experience, and reputation.” Cotton v. City of Eureka, 889 F.Supp.2d 1154, 1167 (N.D. Cal. 

2012) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted); see also Camacho, 523 F.3d at 979. The 

“relevant community” for the purposes of determining the reasonable hourly rate is the district in 

which the lawsuit proceeds. Barjon, 132 F.3d at 500. “The fee applicant has the burden of 

producing satisfactory evidence . . . that the requested rate is in line with those prevailing in the 

community.” Jordan v. Multnomah Cnty., 815 F.2d 1258, 1263 (9th Cir. 1987). In addition to 

affidavits from the fee applicant, other evidence of prevailing market rates may include affidavits 

from other area attorneys or examples of rates awarded to counsel in previous cases. See Cotton, 

889 F. Supp. 2d at 1167 (citation omitted). However, the actual rate that the fee applicant charged 

is not evidence of the prevailing market rate. Id. (citing Schwarz v. Sec’y of Health & Human 

Servs., 73 F.3d 895, 898 (9th Cir. 1995)).

Class counsel seeks reimbursement of fees for work that four attorneys from Greenwald 

Davidson Radbil PPLC (the “Firm”) performed. (Dkt. No. 52 at 12-13.) The Firm has been 

appointed class counsel in numerous class actions throughout the country, including FDCPA 

cases. (See Dkt. No. 52-1 at 3-4 (collecting cases).) Lead counsel, Aaron D. Radbil, seeks 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 21 of 27
22

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

reimbursement at an hourly rate of $400 per hour. (Dkt. No. 52 at 13.) According to Class 

Counsel, Mr. Radbil graduated from the University of Miami School of Law in 2006. (Dkt. No. 

52-1 ¶ 5.) Mr. Radbil has also briefed and argued many issues of consumer interest. (Id. ¶ 7.) 

Class Counsel also cited two Ninth Circuit cases involving non-FDCPA consumer issues in which 

Mr. Radbil served as counsel. See, e.g., Stout v. FreeScore, LLC, 743 F.3d 680 (9th Cir. 2014); 

Sorensen v. Credit Int’l Corp., 475 F. App’x 244 (9th Cir. 2012). 

Michael L. Greenwald and James L. Davidson also seek reimbursement of fees at an 

hourly rate of $400 per hour. (Dkt. No. 52 at 13.) Jesse S. Johnson, a senior associate at the firm, 

seeks a reimbursement rate of $350 per hour. (Id.) Class Counsel’s declaration does not provide 

the education and practice areas of Messrs. Greenwald, Davidson, and Johnson. But Class 

Counsel contends that the requested rates for Messrs. Radbil, Greenwald, and Davidson are 

reasonable because they collectively handled a FDCPA class action last year in which a court in 

the Southern District of Florida awarded them $65,000 in attorneys’ fees and expenses after 

finding their hourly rate of $400 per hour reasonable. Gonzalez v. Dynamic Recovery Solutions, 

LLC, Nos. 14–CIV–24502, 14–CIV–20933, 2015 WL 738329, at *4 (S.D. Fla. Feb. 23, 2015). 

Notably, the rate requested in Gonzalez is identical to the rates they now request. (See Dkt. No. 

52-1 ¶ 19.)

Class Counsel did not submit affidavits from other area attorneys attesting to local rates, 

but they did cite cases in which courts in this District found similar rates appropriate in FDCPA 

cases. (See Dkt. No. 52 at 13 (collecting cases).) See, e.g., Brown v. Mandarich Law Grp., LLP, 

No. 13–cv–04703–JSC, 2014 WL 1340211, at *2 (N.D. Cal. April 2, 2014) (finding a billing rate 

of $350 to $450 per hour reasonable); Rivera v. Portfolio Recovery Assocs., No. C 13–2322 MEJ, 

LLC, 2013 WL 5311525, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 23, 2013) (finding a billing rate of $300 to $450 

per hour reasonable). Moreover, another case in this District that Plaintiffs did not cite also 

supports their fee request. See, e.g., Palmer v. Far West Collection Servs., Inc., No. C-04-03027 

RMW, 2008 WL 5397140, at *1 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 18, 2008) (finding a billing rate of $325 to $465 

per hour reasonable). Given that Class Counsel has been appointed in numerous class actions, 

including FDCPA cases; courts have awarded them exactly the same rates requested here in 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 22 of 27
23

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

previous cases; and courts in this District found similar rates appropriate in FDCPA cases, Class 

Counsel’s requested rates are reasonable.

2. Reasonable Hours

As to the number of hours billed, they must equal the number of hours that can reasonably 

be billed to a private client. Gonzalez v. City of Maywood, 729 F.3d 1196, 1202 (9th Cir. 2013). 

Thus, the court should only award fees based on “the number of hours reasonably expended on the 

litigation” and should exclude “hours that are excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary[.]”

Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 433-34 (1983). “There is no precise rule or formula for 

making these determinations[,]” and the court “necessarily has discretion in making this equitable 

judgment.” Id. at 436-37.

To date, Class Counsel has spent 210.9 hours litigating this case. (Dkt. No. 52 at 12.) In 

addition, Class Counsel estimates that Mr. Radbil will require an additional 30 hours to finalize 

the Settlement Agreement. (Id. at 14.) However, these additional hours are subsumed into the 

total requested $52,500 award, and Class Counsel will not request an increased amount of fees at 

or following the final fairness hearing. (Id.) Class Counsel spent these 210.9 hours conducting 

investigations, preparing a class action complaint, researching the claims and defenses, briefing 

the cross-motions for summary judgment, preparing motions and declarations, and conferring with 

the class administrator and Class Members. (See id. at 11-12.) Defendant has not challenged the 

reasonableness of any of the hours billed.

“Even if the opposing party has not objected to the time billed, the district court may not 

uncritically accept a fee request but is obligated to review the time billed and assess whether it is 

reasonable in light of the work performed and the context of the case.” Cotton, 889 F.Supp.2d at 

1176 (internal citation and quotation marks omitted). Here, Class Counsel did not submit billing 

records to substantiate their hours, and instead submitted summaries of tasks they completed. (See 

Dkt. No. 52 at 11-12; see also Dkt. No. 52-1 at 6.) Though preferred, the Court may rely on 

summaries of hours worked, and contemporaneous billing records are unnecessary. See Fischer v. 

SJB-P.D. Inc., 214 F.3d 1115, 1121 (9th Cir. 2000) (concluding that the district court erred in 

denying a fee application on the grounds that the request was insufficiently documented where the 

moving party’s counsel submitted a “summary compiled from time slips” that requested fees for 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 23 of 27
24

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

“a broad category of tasks”); see, e.g., Garcia v. Resurgent Capital Servs., L.P., No. C-11-1253 

EMC, 2012 WL 3778852, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 30, 2012) (in an FDCPA case, concluding that 

counsel’s block-billing records “contain enough specificity as to individual tasks to ascertain 

whether the amount of time spent performing them was reasonable”); Palmer, 2008 WL 5397140, 

at *1 (noting that plaintiffs’ counsel “submitted itemized statements describing the time expended 

on the action and the services rendered[,]” which was sufficient for the court to assess whether a 

reasonable number of hours was spent). The declaration of Aaron Radbil includes a list of tasks 

completed and a total number of hours worked. (See Dkt. No. 52-1 ¶ 13.) To be sure, Mr. 

Radbil’s declaration could have been more detailed: he could have provided estimates of the 

number of hours spent on each general task. However, under the circumstances presented—

especially in light of the low total number of hours and that counsel did not bill for work done 

after the motion for final approval and is not separately requesting reimbursement of expenses—

the number of hours Class Counsel worked on this matter, based on the total block billed amount 

and the tasks in which counsel engaged, could reasonably be billed to a private, hourly-fee client 

and thus are compensable. Gonzalez, 729 F.3d 1196, 1202.

3. Lodestar Calculation 

Class Counsel therefore dedicated a combined total of 210.9 hours litigating this case, for 

which they accrued $76,725 in attorneys’ fees based on their requested hourly rates. (Dkt. No. 52-

1 ¶ 16.) After determining the lodestar, the Court divides the total fees sought by the lodestar to 

arrive at the multiplier. See Hopkins v. Stryker Sales Corp., No. 11–CV–02786–LHK, 2013 WL 

496358, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 6, 2013) (citation omitted). “The purpose of this multiplier is to 

account for the risk Class Counsel assumes when they take on a contingent-fee case.” Id. 

(citation omitted). If the multiplier falls within an acceptable range, it further supports the 

conclusion that the fees sought are, in fact, reasonable. Id. In determining whether a multiplier is 

appropriate, courts consider the following factors:

(1) the time and labor required, (2) the novelty and difficulty of the 

questions involved, (3) the skill requisite to perform the legal service 

properly, (4) the preclusion of other employment by the attorney due 

to acceptance of the case, (5) the customary fee, (6) whether the fee 

is fixed or contingent, (7) time limitations imposed by the client or 

the circumstances, (8) the amount involved and the results obtained, 

(9) the experience, reputation, and ability of the attorneys, (10) the 

“undesirability” of the case, (11) the nature and length of the 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 24 of 27
25

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

professional relationship with the client, and (12) awards in similar 

cases.

Id. (citations omitted). Class Counsel does not assert that a lodestar multiplier should be applied 

to increase their fees. Instead, they assert that the fees sought are reasonable because they 

represent a discount compared to the anticipated lodestar in this matter—in other words, a 

negative multiplier. (Dkt. No. 51 at 14.) 

Specifically, while the lodestar is $76,725, Class Counsel have requested an award of 

$52,500. (Dkt. No. 52 at 14.) This represents a significant reduction compared to Class Counsel’s 

lodestar number, and courts view self-reduced fees favorably. See, e.g., Catala, 2010 WL 

2524158, at *8 (concluding that a self-reduction from the lodestar amount of $38,208.43 to 

$35,000 supported finding that plaintiff’s counsel’s fee request was reasonable); Guidiville 

Rancheria of Cal. v. United States, No. 12–cv–1326 YGR, 2015 WL 4934408, at *4 (N.D. Cal. 

Aug. 18, 2015) (noting favorably that the defendant self-reduced its requested fees by eliminating 

time entries). Here, the request seems all the more reasonable given that it does not account for 

the additional 30 hours of work that Mr. Radbil anticipated completing to finalize the Settlement 

Agreement, or the work of Ryan Lee, who acted as local counsel for Plaintiffs and the Class. 

(Dkt. No. 52 at 14 &n.6.) Nor does it include the work done in response to the Court’s Order for a 

supplemental submission on the motion for final approval. (See Dkt. Nos. 55, 56, 57.)

Further supporting the reasonableness of the request, Class Counsel’s litigation expenses 

are also subsumed within the $52,500 award requested. (Id. at 15.) Put another way, there is no 

separate request for an award of litigation expenses. Class Counsel asserts that, as of Mr. Radbil’s 

declaration on March 21, 2016, they incurred $763.80 in expenses, which includes a filing fee of 

$400 for the complaint, an application fee of $305 for pro hac vice admission, and “other 

expenses” of $58.80.7 (Dkt. No. 52-1 ¶ 23-24.) Class Counsel also represents that an additional 

$600 in fees will be incurred to finalize this Settlement Agreement. (Id.) Even including these 

litigation expenses, the total requested fees award is less than the $55,000 ceiling set forth in the 

Settlement Agreement (Dkt. No. 49-1 ¶ 17.D), which further suggests that it is reasonable.

* * *

 

7 Neither the fees motion nor Class Counsel’s declaration provides an explanation of these “other 

expenses.” 

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 25 of 27
26

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

Given that the amount sought is less than both the agreed-upon number in the Settlement 

Agreement and the lodestar calculation, and especially since it includes a request for 

reimbursement of fees, the requested attorneys’ fees and costs are reasonable. The Court will 

therefore award Class Counsel the $52,500 it seeks.

B. Administration Costs

The Settlement Agreement stated that Defendant would be responsible for paying the costs 

of administration separate from the Settlement Fund. (Dkt. No. 49-1 ¶ 17.5.) Courts regularly 

award administrative costs associated with providing notice to the class. See, e.g., Destefano v. 

Zynga, Inc., No. 12-cv-04007-JSC, 2016 WL 537946, at *22 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 11, 2016). However, 

the Settlement Agreement and Notice did not allot a specific amount towards administration costs, 

and Plaintiffs have not provided any information in their motion for final approval on this issue. 

However, because the settlement administrative costs do not come from a common fund with the 

Class Members’ recovery, and no Class Member has objected to the payment of administration 

costs, the Court is satisfied that the amount Defendant will pay for administration of the 

Settlement Agreement is reasonable and appropriate.

C. Statutory Awards

The Court also preliminarily approved the Settlement Agreement’s provision of a statutory 

award to each named Plaintiff pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(a)(2)(B)(i), which provides for an 

additional recovery for each named plaintiff of up to $1,000 per plaintiff. Schuchardt, 2016 WL 

232435, at *10. The Court is unaware of any changes that would alter this analysis. Accordingly, 

the Court approves the $1,000 statutory award to each named Plaintiff.

CONCLUSION

For the reasons described above, the Court GRANTS Plaintiffs’ motion for final approval 

of the parties’ Settlement Agreement. In addition, the Court GRANTS Plaintiffs’ motion for 

attorneys’ fees and costs, and awards the following: $52,500 in attorneys’ fees and costs; and a 

$1,000 statutory award to each named Plaintiff.

The Clerk is directed to close this case.

This Order disposes of Docket Numbers 51 and 52.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 26 of 27
27

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

United States District Court

Northern District of California

Dated: April 28, 2016

JACQUELINE SCOTT CORLEY

United States Magistrate Judge

Case 3:15-cv-01329-JSC Document 59 Filed 04/28/16 Page 27 of 27