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Nature of Suit Code: 555
Nature of Suit: Prisoner - Prison Condition
Cause of Action: 

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United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

___________

No. 03-2703

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John M. Baxter, *

*

Appellant, *

*

v. * Appeal from the United States

* District Court for the

Curren Everett, Judge, Fulton County; * Eastern District of Arkansas.

Lloyd Martz, Sheriff, Fulton County, *

originally sued as Loydd Martz; Jo Ann * [UNPUBLISHED]

Cunningham, Jail Administrator, Fulton *

County, originally sued as JoAnn *

Cunihem; Gene Maguffee, Clerk, *

*

Appellees. *

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Submitted: June 3, 2004

Filed: June 17, 2004

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Before MELLOY, HANSEN, and COLLOTON, Circuit Judges.

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PER CURIAM.

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The Honorable Henry L. Jones, Jr., United States Magistrate Judge for the

Eastern District of Arkansas, to whom the case was referred for final disposition by

consent of the parties pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c).

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Former Fulton County Jail (FCJ) detainee John M. Baxter appeals from the

district court’s1

 adverse entry of judgment and denial of his Federal Rule of Civil

Procedure 59(e) motion after a bench trial in his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action. We affirm.

We conclude that the district court properly rejected Baxter’s conditions-ofconfinement claims. See Estate of Davis v. Delo, 115 F.3d 1388, 1393-94 (8th Cir.

1997) (standard of review). The district court was presented with testimony that (1)

Baxter was detained in an 8' by 10' cell, but had 24-hour access to a larger day room;

(2) Baxter was allowed outside for doctor visits, haircuts, and court appearances; (3)

FCJ did not allow visitors inside the cell blocks because there were not enough

officers; (4) Baxter’s attorney, who had visited FCJ, had not seen roaches or mice, or

perceived unsanitary smells from within the facility; (5) FCJ sprayed regularly for

bugs, and had broken toilets repaired within two to three days; and (6) Baxter was

never denied access to cleaning supplies. See Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 539-40,

546 (1979) (if particular condition or restriction of pretrial detention is reasonably

related to governmental objective, such as maintaining order, it does not, without

more, amount to punishment implicating Due Process Clause); Smith v. Copeland,

87 F.3d 265, 268-69 (8th Cir. 1996) (finding no violation where pretrial detainee was

subjected to overflowed toilet in his cell for 4 days; analysis of confinement

conditions must be based on totality of circumstances and, to prevail, inmate must

show officers were deliberately indifferent to risk of harm posed by conditions); cf.

Wishon v. Gammon, 978 F.2d 446, 448-49 (8th Cir. 1992) (limiting inmate’s out-ofcell recreation time to 45 minutes per week was not unconstitutional where prison

records showed inmate had not used all available recreation time, had opportunity to

exercise in his cell, and had other opportunities to be out of his cell); Green v. Ferrell,

801 F.2d 765, 771-72 (5th Cir. 1986) (inmates had sufficient recreational

Appellate Case: 03-2703 Page: 2 Date Filed: 06/17/2004 Entry ID: 1778113 
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opportunities because they were detained in 63 square feet cell and had access to

larger day room for 5 hours each day).

We conclude that the district court did not clearly err in finding that Baxter

failed to establish that unsanitary jail conditions caused the lung infection from which

he suffered while detained. Baxter's physician testified that he treated Baxter for a

similar lung condition before he was detained, and that he could not attribute the

cause of Baxter's infection while in jail to insalubrious conditions at the jail. We also

conclude the district court properly rejected Baxter’s medical-care claim, based on

the lack of evidence that defendants denied or delayed Baxter access to medical care

or intentionally interfered with his doctor’s prescribed treatment. As to the delay in

taking Baxter to the hospital on one particular evening, we note the “night shift lady”

involved in that incident is not a defendant. See Estate of Rosenberg v. Crandall, 56

F.3d 35, 37 (8th Cir. 1995) (in actions under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, "[d]efendants are

liable for their personal acts only"). Baxter’s court-access claim was also properly

rejected given the undisputed testimony of Baxter’s attorney that he was never denied

access to Baxter. See Quam v. Minnehaha County Jail, 821 F.2d 522, 523 (8th Cir.

1987) (per curiam) (detainee was afforded meaningful access to courts because he

had regular access to his attorney).

The district court also did not abuse its discretion in denying Baxter’s Rule

59(e) motion. See Innovative Home Health Care, Inc. v. P.T.-O.T. Assocs. of the

Black Hills, 141 F.3d 1284, 1286 (8th Cir. 1998) (standard of review). Baxter’s

remaining arguments are without merit.

Accordingly, we affirm.

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Appellate Case: 03-2703 Page: 3 Date Filed: 06/17/2004 Entry ID: 1778113