Source: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-akd-3_13-cv-00063/USCOURTS-akd-3_13-cv-00063-4/pdf.json

Nature of Suit Code: 190
Nature of Suit: Other Contract Actions
Cause of Action: 28:1441 Petition for Removal- Personal Injury

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF ALASKA

MUNICIPALITY OF ANCHORAGE,

 Plaintiff,

v.

INTEGRATED CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH 

CORPORATION, a corporation, PND 

ENGINEERS, INC., a corporation; CH2M 

HILL ALASKA, INC., a corporation; and 

GEOENGINEERS, INC., a corporation,

 Defendants.

Case No. 3:13-cv-00063-SLG

PND ENGINEERS, INC., a corporation,

 Third-Party Plaintiff,

 v. 

COLASKA, INC., d/b/a Quality Asphalt 

Pavement or QAP, an Alaska corporation; and 

MKB CONSTRUCTORS, a joint venture 

comprised of D.M. Moor Constructors, Inc., 

Derian, Inc., and R. Scott Constructors, Inc.,

 Third-Party Defendants.

ORDER RE QAP’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

Before the Court at Docket 223 is Quality Asphalt Pavement’s (QAP) Motion and 

Memorandum for Summary Judgment, filed on August 5, 2015. MKB Constructors joined 

the motion on August 11, 2015.1 The Municipality of Anchorage (MOA) filed its opposition 

 1 Docket 225 (Joinder).

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to the motion on August 31, 2015, and QAP replied on September 17, 2015.

2 Oral 

argument on the motion was held on November 20, 2015. For the reasons discussed 

below, QAP’s motion will be denied. 

BACKGROUND

This litigation relates to the design and construction of the Port of Anchorage 

Intermodal Expansion Project. The jurisdictional basis for the case, the factual 

background, and the initial procedural history are set forth in this Court’s Order Re Motion 

to Remand and Related Motions and Order Denying Motion to Dismiss at Dockets 67 and 

76, and will not be repeated here.

Relevant to this motion, and viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the 

non-moving party for purposes of this summary judgment motion, subcontractors QAP 

and MKB each filed claims against the Department of Transportation, Maritime 

Administration (MarAd) with prime contractor Integrated Concepts and Research Corp. 

(ICRC).3 ICRC sponsored those claims to MarAd on a pass-through basis.4 In March 

2011, QAP and MKB attended a mediation with MarAd and MOA in an attempt to settle 

the claims.

5 That mediation was unsuccessful because MOA refused to agree to the 

settlement, and MarAd would not settle without MOA’s concurrence.6 In September 2011, 

 2 Docket 226 (Opp’n); Docket 230 (Reply).

3 Docket 224-1 (Exh. 14) at 174; Docket 224-1 (Exh. 15) at 178.

4 Docket 224-2 (Exh. 23) at 37.

5 Docket 227 (Vakalis Decl.) at 3.

6 Docket 227 (Vakalis Decl.) at 3. 

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QAP’s counsel wrote to MOA, and encouraged MOA to participate in a second mediation 

with QAP and MKB.7 That letter acknowledged that “QAP/MKB’s claims will not settle 

unless QAP is given a full release of liability,” and “this release and affirmative payment 

will not be forthcoming without the consent of the MOA/Port.”8 The second mediation 

was held in November 2011. MOA again participated, but this second attempt was also 

unsuccessful because, according to MOA, it “refused to agree to pay the amount 

demanded by MKB.”9 

On December 28, 2011, ICRC filed a Complaint against MarAd before the Civilian 

Board of Contract Appeals (CBCA) as “Sponsor for Quality Asphalt Paving, Inc. and MKB 

Constructors.”10 The Complaint delineated the claims and damages QAP and MKB were 

seeking from MarAd on a pass-through basis.

In September 2012, MarAd and ICRC settled the CBCA litigation without MOA’s

knowledge or participation, but with the involvement of QAP and MKB.

11 MarAd informed 

MOA of the settlement on October 2, 2012; on October 19, 2012, MOA wrote to MarAd 

and indicated it was “surprised and disappointed” by the settlement, which it maintained 

was done “unilaterally and without [its] consent.”12 MarAd furnished MOA with a copy of 

 7 Docket 227 (Vakalis Decl.) at 4.

8 Docket 227-4 (QAP Letter) at 2.

9 Docket 227 (Vakalis Decl.) at 3–5. 

10 Docket 224-1 (Exh. 11) at 147, 154.

11 Docket 227 (Vakalis Decl.) at 4–5. The settlement agreement is signed by only MarAd and 

ICRC. Docket 224-1 (Exh. 12) at 156–161.

12 Docket 227 (Vakalis Decl.) at 5; Docket 227-6 (Sullivan Letter).

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the settlement agreement ten days later and, in the cover letter, expressly assured MOA

that the “resolution and release of claims involving MarAd does not preclude the city from 

pursuing its own litigation.”13 On November 1, 2012, the CBCA, acting at the direction of 

the parties to that litigation, dismissed with prejudice the action pending before it.14

Returning to this action, in August 2014, CH2M Hill filed a motion seeking an order 

expressly permitting it to allocate fault to QAP and MKB. CH2M Hill asserted that QAP 

and MKB were “released parties” to which fault could be apportioned pursuant to 

AS 09.17.080. In the alternative, CH2M Hill sought to be permitted to file third-party 

claims against QAP and MKB.15 The Court held that the record then before it did not 

demonstrate that MarAd had the “complete authority to settle any and all of MOA’s 

claims,” and that CH2M Hill had failed to demonstrate that QAP and MKB were “person[s] 

who ha[ve] been released from liability” from MOA’s claims.16 QAP and MKB were then 

joined as third-party defendants in this action. 

QAP now has filed its own motion for summary judgment seeking a ruling that 

QAP, as joined by MKB, are each “released parties” within the meaning of AS 09.17.080. 

QAP asserts that the September 2012 settlement agreement signed by MarAd and ICRC

completely released it from liability, such that all claims against it should be dismissed 

and no damages awarded against it, but with the remaining parties still free to seek to 

 13 Docket 227-7 (MarAd Letter) at 2.

14 Docket 224-1 (Exh. 12) at 162.

15 Docket 97 (CH2M Hill Fault Allocation) at 10–12.

16 Docket 191 (Order) at 12 (alterations in original).

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allocate fault to it.

17 QAP observes that the 2003 and 2011 Memoranda of Understanding 

(MOUs) between MOA and MarAd, and the legislative enactments on which they were 

based, gave MarAd the right to administer the funds for the port project. From this, QAP 

asserts that MarAd could choose to settle any claims with those funds, including MOA’s 

claims in this action, without MOA’s consent.18 Next, QAP cites to MOA’s own briefing in 

the Court of Federal Claims litigation in which MOA asserts that MarAd had “the final 

obligation/power to accept the work from MarAd’s prime contractor,” so that MarAd “was 

to be the ultimate decision maker.”19 Finally, QAP maintains that MOA submitted its thirdparty beneficiary rights under the QAP and MKB subcontracts for resolution under the 

Contract Disputes Act (CDA) when it contracted with MarAd.

20 QAP asserts that under 

the CDA, the Contracting Officer had the authority to settle MOA’s claims without MOA

approval.

21 MKB joins in the motion and seeks dismissal of the Third Party Complaint 

against it for the same reasons. 

MOA responds that there are issues of fact that prevent the Court from determining 

whether QAP and MKB are “released parties.” First, it disputes whether the 2011 MOU 

was still in effect at the time of the September 2012 settlement.22 And it asserts that the 

intent of the parties to the MarAd/ICRC September 2012 settlement is an unresolved 

 17 Docket 223 (QAP Mot.) at 4.

18 Docket 223 (QAP Mot.) at 30–31.

19 Docket 224-2 (Exh. 30) at 65, 70.

20 Docket 223 (QAP Mot.) at 31–38.

21 Docket 223 (QAP Mot.) at 37–38.

22 Docket 226 (MOA Opp’n) 22–23.

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question of fact, pointing to MarAd’s letter shortly thereafter, in which MarAd assured 

MOA that MarAd’s settlement with ICRC did “not preclude [MOA] from pursuing its own 

litigation.”23 MOA also contends that (1) even if the 2011 MOU was still in effect in 

September 2012, it did not give MarAd the unilateral right to waive MOA’s claims; (2)

MOA’s claims are outside the jurisdiction of the CDA because MOA is a third-party 

beneficiary and the claims sound in tort; and (3) MOA’s third-party beneficiary rights could 

not have been settled without MOA’s consent because MOA had changed position in 

reliance on those rights.

24

DISCUSSION

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(a) directs a court to “grant summary judgment 

if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the 

movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” When considering a motion for 

summary judgment, a court must accept as true all evidence presented by the nonmoving party and draw “all justifiable inferences” in the non-moving party’s favor.25 The 

burden of showing the absence of a genuine dispute of material fact initially lies with the 

moving party.26 If the moving party meets this burden, the non-moving party must present 

specific evidence demonstrating the existence of a genuine issue of fact.27 The non-

 23 Docket 227-7 (MarAd Letter) at 2; Docket 226 (MOA Opp’n) at 20, 31.

24 Docket 226 (MOA Opp’n) at 23–39.

25 Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 255 (1986) (citing Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 

398 U.S. 144, 158–59 (1970)). 

26 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986); In re Oracle Corp. Sec. Litig., 627 F.3d 376, 

387 (9th Cir. 2010).

27 Anderson, 477 U.S. at 250; Oracle, 627 F.3d at 387.

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moving party may not rely on mere allegations or denials. To reach the level of a genuine 

dispute, the evidence must be such “that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the 

non-moving party.”28 If the evidence provided by the non-moving party is “merely 

colorable” or “not significantly probative,” summary judgment to the moving party is 

appropriate.29

To resolve this motion, the Court need not address all of the issues associated 

with CDA jurisdiction or MarAd authority, because QAP has failed to demonstrate the 

absence of a genuine dispute of material fact. Specifically, QAP’s motion depends on a

finding that the parties to the September 2012 settlement agreement—MarAd, ICRC, and 

to some undeveloped extent QAP and MKB—all intended to settle MOA’s potential claims 

against QAP and MKB at that time, without MOA’s knowledge or consent. But the record 

does not clearly support such a finding. Rather, MarAd’s assurance to MOA in October 

2012 that the settlement did “not preclude [MOA] from pursuing its own litigation” is at 

odds with QAP’s assertion that MarAd intended to settle MOA’s claims when it reached 

the agreement with ICRC.30 And MarAd’s prior refusal to settle the claims at the March 

2011 mediation because MOA would not agree to the terms is also at odds with QAP’s 

assertion that the MarAd intended the September 2012 settlement agreement to fully 

release QAP.

31 Indeed, QAP’s own assertion to MOA in September 2011 that QAP would 

 28 Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248.

29 Id. at 249–50 (citing Dombrowski v. Eastland, 387 U.S. 82, 84–85 (1967); First Nat’l Bank of 

Ariz. v. Cities Serv. Co., 391 U.S. 253, 290 (1968)).

30 Docket 227-7 (MarAd Letter) at 2.

31 Docket 227 (Vakalis Decl.) at 3.

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not receive a full release of liability “without the consent of the MOA/Port” undermines its 

current position. It would appear, at least from MOA’s perspective, that only when MOA 

would not assent to a settlement of QAP and MKB’s claims that it was left out of the 

process. 

Based upon the disputed intent of the parties to the September 2012 settlement 

agreement and the history of the settlement negotiations between those parties and MOA 

that predated that agreement, the Court holds that QAP has failed to demonstrate that it 

is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law that it is a released party that need not be 

joined in this controversy. Rather, the Court finds when drawing “all justifiable inferences” 

from the statements in the record in favor of the non-moving party, a reasonable jury could 

find that MarAd did not intend to fully release QAP and MKB from MOA’s claims in 

September 2012, irrespective of whether or not it had the authority to do so.32 And, in so 

far as MKB joined in the motion, it also has failed to demonstrate the absence of a genuine 

issue of material fact with respect to whether it, too, had been fully released. 

CONCLUSION

Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that QAP’s Motion and Memorandum for Summary 

Judgment filed at Docket 223, as joined by MKB at Docket 225, is DENIED.

DATED this 13th day of January, 2016 at Anchorage, Alaska.

/s/ Sharon L. Gleason

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

 32 See Anderson, 477 U.S. 255 (citing Adickes, 398 U.S. at 158–59).

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