title: "Tschad"
text: "Tschad [t\u0283at], amtelk Republiik faan Tschad (\u00fc\u00fcb Araabsk: \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u200e\u200e Tsh\u0101d an \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u200e\u200e Jumh\u016br\u012byat Tsh\u0101d; \u00fc\u00fcb Fraans\u00f6\u00f6sk: Tchad an R\u00e9publique du Tchad), as en banenstoot uun a maden faan Aafrika.  Uun a nuurd leit Liibien, uun a uast Sudaan, uun a s\u00fc\u00fcd det Madelaafrikoons Republiik an uun a waast Kameruun, Niiger an Nigeeria.  At lun hee 11.039.873 lidj (2009).  At hoodsteed as N\u2019Djamena.\n\nGeografii\n\nGeograafisk Laag\nTschad as det f\u00fcftgratst lun uun Aafrika.\n\nAt lun dialt grensen m\u00e4 seeks lunen. Det lingst grens (1556 km) faan't lun wurt m\u00e4 det Madelaafrikoons Republiik an det kurtst (85 km) m\u00e4 Nigeeria diald. Det dialt uk en 1403 km lung grens m\u00e4 Sudaan, en 1196 km lung m\u00e4 Niiger, en 1116 km lung m\u00e4 Kameruun an en 1050 km lung m\u00e4 Liibien.\n\nLunskap\n\nBerger\nDe huuchst berig uun't lun as de Emi Koussi Berig, wat 3445 m huuch as. \u00d6ler berger san: de Tarso Emissi Berig (3376 m), de Tarso Ahon Berig (3325 m), de Tarso Toussid\u00e9 Berig (3265 m), de Tarso Voon Berig (3100 m), de Tarso Toh Berig (2000 m), de Binim Berig (1360 m), de Silagni Berig (1236 m), de Nikou Berig (1230 m) an de Diouga Berig (1210 m).\n\nSian\nDe Tschad Sia, wat at lun m\u00e4 Kameruun, Nigeeria an Niiger dialt, as de gratst sia uun't lun.\n\nStruumer\nDe Mayo K\u00e9bbi Struum hee sin hood uun't s\u00fc\u00fcdwaast faan't lun. Deheer struum leept iin uun de Benue Struum uun Kameruun. De Chari Struum, wat sin hood uun det Madelaafrikoons Republiik hee, leept troch a s\u00fc\u00fcdwaast faan't lun, do at grens m\u00e4 Kameruun bildet, an do iin uun de Tschad Sia leept. De Batha Struum, wat sin hood uun a maden faan't lun hee an bluat tidjwis m\u00e4 weeder fald as, leept iin uun de Fitri Sia.\n\nIndialing faan Ferwalting\nTschad hee 23 regiuunen (\u00fc\u00fcb Fraans\u00f6\u00f6sk: R\u00e9gions, \u00fc\u00fcb Araabsk: \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 Man\u0101\u1e6diq), wat iin uun departmenten diald wurd.\n\nSteeden\nD\u00f6n tjiin gratst steeden uun't lun san:\n\nBef\u00f6lkring\nDet letst folksteeling wiar uun 2009. Efter a resultooten, 11.039.873 lidj wene uun't lun.\n\nKult\u00fc\u00fcr\n\nLiterat\u00fc\u00fcr\nSkriiwern:\n Joseph Brahim Seid (1927-1980) skreew Au Tchad sous les \u00e9toiles (\"Uun Tschad oner a St\u00e4\u00e4ren\", 1962) an Un enfant du Tchad (\"En jongen faan Tschad\", 1967), wat auer sin leewent wiar.\n\nHistoore\nTschad, uun a grensen faan daaling, as en skeebing faan d\u00f6n europeeisk kolonialisiaring. A grensen faan't lun san at resultoot faan ferhanlingen twesken Frankrik an Tjiisklun. Tuf\u00f6\u00f6ren wiar't lun at sat faan d\u00f6n trii k\u00f6ningriken faan Kanem-Bornou, Baguirmi an Ouadda\u00ef.\n\nAt lun wurd faan 1900 fraans\u00f6\u00f6sk protektoraat an wurd \u00fc\u00fcs dial faan Fraans\u00f6\u00f6sk Ekwatoriaalaafrika (AEF) en kolonii. Oner't feering faan guwern\u00f6\u00f6r F\u00e9lix \u00c9bou\u00e9 wiar't koloniii det iarst fraans\u00f6\u00f6sk kolonii, wat ham 1940 tu det Frei Frankrik uunslood.\n\nTschad wurd 11. August 1960 faan Frankrik suwereen. Fran\u00e7ois Tombalbaye wiar de iarst president.  Tau juar leeder ferbeed a president oppositschoonsparteien.  Uun 1965 begand en b\u00fcrgerkrich uun a nuurd.  \n\nDet wiar 1975 en putsch, wat de iarst president st\u00f6rtet.  F\u00e9lix Malloum wurd de naist president. A krich ging man widjer an fersch\u00fcker faan de naist president ham tu beaanjige, kaam ei tu brud.  Diarauer treed hi turag 23. Marts 1979. Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9 wurd de treed president. En stridj begand twesken uunhinger faan Malloum an Habr\u00e9.  At reegiment faan at lun faan en madelregiarung h\u00e4\u00e4l ap. Frankrik, d\u00f6n Ferianigt Stooten an Liibien bedialigte jo uun a stridj. \n\nHabr\u00e9 ging Deetsember 1980 tu Sudaan uun\u2019t eksiil.  Man ging hi J\u00fc\u00fcne 1982 tu Tschad turag an wurd weler president. Hi wurd 1990 faan Idriss D\u00e9by st\u00f6rtet.  Idriss D\u00e9by blaft tu san duas uun April 2021 president faan\u2019t lun. San dring, Mahamat Idriss D\u00e9by Itno, as n\u00fc prowisoorisk f\u00f6\u00f6rmaan faan't lun.\n\nPolitiik \nTschad as en republiik. A f\u00f6\u00f6rmaan faan't lun sant April 2021 as Mahamat Idriss D\u00e9by Itno.\n\nB\u00fctjenpolitiik \nTschad as lasmoot faan d\u00f6n Feriand Natschuunen sant 20. September 1960.\n\nWiartskap\n\u00dc\u00fcb a HDI-indeks st\u00e4\u00e4nt det lun \u00fc\u00fcb plaats 187 faan 187. \n\nAt weering faan't lun as de madelaafrikoons CFA-Franc (ufkoortet: F), wat faan det Madelaafrikoons Sentraalbeenk \u00fctjbroocht.\n\nKwelen"