title: "Mitochondriol DNA"
text: "J\u00fc mitochondrjool DNA unti mtDNA as en latj ringformi DNA, j\u00fc har ai \u00f6nj e ts\u00e4lk\u00e4rn befant, ouers \u00f6nj da mitochondrie, da latje insluse deerb\u00fcte. Da mitochondrie \u00f6njth\u00fc\u00fclje uk en \u00e4ine t\u00fc\u00fcp ribosoome. D\u00e5t jeeft hunerte foon mitochondrie pro ts\u00e4le \u00e4n da \u00f6njth\u00fc\u00fclje arken foole tsirkulaare kromosoome. Da \u00f6njth\u00fc\u00fclje \u00e5le daseelwie geene, ouers san ai \u00e5ltens id\u00e4ntisch: isodisomie hiitj s\u00fcfoole, \u00e5s d\u00e5t \u00e5le molek\u00fc\u00fcle foon en ts\u00e4le identisch san, heterodisomie hiitj, d\u00e5t da ai identisch san. J\u00fc d\u00f6\u00f6weltstr\u00e4ngi mtDNA bai e mansche \u00f6njth\u00e5lt 37 geene: 22 kodiire tu tRNA, 2 tu ribosomaal-RNA \u00e4n da ouer 13 tu oiwiitje. D\u00e5t mitochondrion kodiirt ai fulst\u00e4ni for sin \u00e4ine oiwiitje: hu funksjoone san \u00f6nj e luup foon da generasjoone foon d\u00e5t nukleaar DNA ouern\u00fcmen w\u00f6rden. Da oiwiitjprodukte foon da geene h\u00e4\u00e4we dan en ap\u00e5rdi translokasjoonssekw\u00e4ns, weerd\u00f6\u00f6r da eefter da mitochondrie transportiird w\u00e5rde schan.\n\nFeriirwing\n\nJ\u00fc mitochondrjool DNA fer\u00e5rewt gew\u00f6\u00f6nlik bloot ouer di w\u00fcflike liinje \u00e4n gungt \u00e5ls\u00fc ai ouer ma sp\u00e4rma unti bloosemstoof. Da mitochondrie foon e moonlike s\u00e4djts\u00e4le fane jam \u00f6nj e stjart, di bai e befruchting m\u00e5\u00e5st ai \u00f6nj e oits\u00e4le kamt. Deer san ouers w\u00e4lj \u00e4nkelte biispele foon ouerdreeging foon mitochondrjool DNA foon di taatje beschraawen w\u00f6rden.\n\nJ\u00fc keer foon feriirwing d\u00f6\u00f6r e meem (maternaal feriirwing) foon mtDNA w\u00e5rt \u00f6njwiind \u00f6nj e geenografii am e ferbriidjing foon \u00fc\u00fcs for\u00e5lerne (unti eentlik \u00fc\u00fcs \u2018formeeme\u2019) \u00f6nj e forhistoori tu kartiiren. Wichti deerbai as, d\u00e5t d\u00e5t mtDNA ham ouer da generasjoone ai kiirt, \u00fctn\u00fcmen wan deer en mutasjoon aptreet, j\u00fc dan foon s\u00fc\u2019n \u2018stammeem\u2019 \u00e5s jare karakteristiik tu \u00e5l jare eefterkaamen wider j\u00e4\u00e4wen w\u00e5rt. S\u00fc kamt huum tu en hypothetisch \u2018Eva\u2019, foon huum \u00e5le manschne aw e wr\u00e5l aw iinje oufst\u00e5me schan. J\u00fc schal dan \u00fct Aafrika kiimen weese, s\u00fcw\u00e5t 140.000 bit 200.000 iirnge sunt. J\u00fc dootiiring hinget deerbai ordi ouf foon da taksiiringe foon e frekw\u00e4ns, weerma tuf\u00e4lie mutasjoone \u00f6nj e mitochondrjool DNA aptreese.\nUk bai e koortiiring foon j\u00fc migrasjoon foon e steeliik eefter d\u00e5t norden eefter d\u00e4t leest istid\u00e5ler k\u00f6\u00f6 mtDNA br\u00fckt w\u00e5rde.\n\nJ\u00fc mitochondrjool DNA \u00e4n da Friiske\nUners\u00e4kinge ma mtDNA san uk d\u00e4nj w\u00f6rden am e oufst\u00e5ming foon da Friiske tu studiiren. Deerbai w\u00f6rden \u00e5s proobe manschlike h\u00e5\u00e5re ma r\u00f6tj br\u00fckt. Da hiilj latje batjene DNA da huum so f\u00e4it, w\u00e5rde bit d\u00e5t miljoonef\u00e5che fergruted d\u00f6\u00f6r polimeraase-k\u00e4\u00e4tereaksjoon (PCR), s\u00fc d\u00e5t huum d\u00e5t wider uners\u00e4ke koon.\nTouhuupe w\u00f6rden prooben foon 123 manschne \u00fct nordweest-Tj\u00fcschl\u00f6nj unersoocht, deerfoon 28 foon friisk jurtkamst (3 saaterfriisk, 4 weestfriisk, ouers nordfr\u00e4isk (13 aw Feer), 40 nordweesttj\u00fcsch, 19 \u00e5\u00e5sttj\u00fcsch, 16 d\u00e5nsch. D\u00e5t m\u00e5\u00e5st apf\u00e5lend wus, d\u00e5t da (Nord)Friiske en grutere unerschiis twasche manschne apwiseden \u00e5s da oudere. D\u00e5t k\u00f6\u00f6 deerma tuhuupehinge, d\u00e5t Nordfriisl\u00f6nj (\u00fct m\u00f6re diile) foon d\u00e5t weesten jurt kolonisiird w\u00f6rden as. \nFor d\u00e5t Saaterl\u00f6nj feel ap, d\u00e5t da trii proobe b\u00e5l glik wjarn. \u00c5\u00e5n foon da ferfootere ferteelde bai e pr\u00e4sentasjoon, d\u00e5t da \u00e5le \u00fct d\u00e5t norden (Struukelje) k\u00f6men. Deeraw w\u00f6rd ham haanewised aw d\u00e5t oufriwen foon da famiilienbiinje ma d\u00e5t \u00e5\u00e5stfriiske (n\u00fc pl\u00e5\u00e5ttj\u00fcsch sn\u00e5\u00e5kende) Tjootern (Detern) eefter ju iinjreformasjoon.\n\nKrunkh\u00e4ide\nEn mitochondrjoole feriirwing as karakteristisch for wase krunkh\u00e4ide, ouerd\u00e5t da bloot ouer e meem wider j\u00e4\u00e4wen w\u00e5rde koone: d\u00e5t bjarn f\u00e4it \u00e5l d\u00e5t sytoplasma foon e meem, \u00e4n deer\u00f6nj fine har da mitochondrie. Suk krunkh\u00e4ide kaame foole for \u00f6nj diile foon e kroop (br\u00e4\u00e4gen, hart, uugne, \u00e4sw.), da foole energii br\u00fcke, deer d\u00e5t mtDNA j\u00fc oomek\u00e4\u00e4t \u00f6nj e ts\u00e4le fers\u00f6rjet.\n\nLiteratuur \n Chen, X.J. & Butow, R.A. (2005): The organization and inheritance of the mitochondrial genome. In: Nat. Rev. Genet. 6(11):815-825. .\n Richards MB, Forster P, Tetzner S, Hedges R, Sykes BC (1995) Mitochondrial DNA and the Frisians. In: Faltings V, Nielsen, Walker A (eds) North-Western European Language Evolution, Suppl vol 12, University of Odense, pp 141-163 \n Bryan Sykes: Die sieben T\u00f6chter Evas. L\u00fcbbe, 2001, \n J\u00fcrgen Groth: Das Mitochondriengenom. In: Meine Molek\u00fcle, Deine Molek\u00fcle. Von der molekularen Individualit\u00e4t. Berlin, 2009 (Online-Buch)\n\nFerbiendengen \n MITOMAP - Human Mitochondrial Genome Database\n mtDB - Human Mitochondrial Genome Database\n MitoP2 - Mitochondrial Proteome Database\n EMPOP - Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Database\n\nDNA\nDNA"