albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Since 2005 around 60,000 asylum seekers, mostly from Eritrea and Sudan, have entered Israel by crossing the border from Egypt. Notwithstanding the Jewish history of persecution, and Israel being a signatory to the UN Convention for the protection of refugees, modern Israel systematically refuses to grant a refugee status to asylum seekers. Since 2012, the tenacious hostile approach of Israeli policy-makers and state-agents towards asylum seekers has resulted in an outburst of racist verbal and physical attacks against them. This article analyses the socio-legal location of asylum seekers in Israel by examining how their position is articulated by different parties, deploying competing discourses of human rights, citizenship, security and sovereignty. The article advances that appeals—mostly made by critical non-governmental organisations (NGOs), journalists and academics—to human rights, Jewish morals and historic sensitivities are beguiling, while they arouse hopes for compassion and moral obligation, th...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
There is a clear need for increased coordination and exchange of information between actors, in particular between designers/brands/producers and sorters/ recycling companies and technicians developing new recycling technologies (Elander & Ljungkvist, 2016). A reliable supply of recyclable used textiles needs to be secured and the demand for fibres, yarns and fabrics with recycled-content needs to be increased. Of special interest are examples of full closed loops. This is explained in more detail in the next chapter.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Therefore, the quality and type of services offered vary. Beyond primary care, there is limited access to diagnostics services and specialist care within the public system, with long waiting times and high out-of-pocket costs. This has clearly negative consequences in terms of inequality as the poorer parts of the population cannot access the costly private health system and suffer from a lower quality health service.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
During the Ebola crisis in Western Africa, mHero, a mobile phone based communication system used basic text messages (SMS) to connect ministries of health and health workers in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, to coordinate relief efforts10. What the most successful mobile services and applications have in common is that they are basic, often using voice or SMS services, that are affordable, easy to use and require little bandwidth and work with feature phones and over the 2G network. The Internet can be accessed over 2G networks, but only at narrowband speeds (i.e., < 256 kbps) using technologies such as GPRS and EDGE.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
As a result, such contributions affect household wealth but not household income. Private pension schemes and voluntary contributions to occupational pension schemes are usually more concentrated among higher income households, not least reflecting fiscal optimisation practices. Including such contributions among current transfers paid by households tends thus to reduce measured inequality. The reduction in the Gini coefficient has been estimated of around 1 percentage point for Denmark (Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Interior, 2015a).11 The implication is that the Danish definition reduces measured disposable income inequality compared to the OECD definition.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Both of these aspects have important beneficial consequences for the whole electrical system. By lowering this maximal imbalance, one reduces the additional residual capacity needed in the system to balance demand. In France, seasonal fleet management reduces the maximal residual demand by 6.4 GW, from 17.6 to 11.2 GW. Based on EURELECTRIC/VGB data (IEA/NEA, 2010), in France the overnight investment cost of an additional capacity of 6 GW can be estimated at USD 11.7 billion if coal plants are built coal, and at USD 7.2 billion for gas-fuelled units.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
For example, Ferreira and Gignoux (2014, p. 232), in a study of inequality of educational opportunity using PISA data, argue that: "Because 15 year-olds may conceivably affect the choice of school they attend, the class they are assigned to, and thus the teachers they interact with, all school characteristic variables, for example, are included in [effort]." This is a bold leap to make, even when considering children of this age. The extent to which (a) children realistically have choices about this matter, and (b) are empowered to make these types of decisions independently of parents and other adults will vary according to context. Additionally, our analysis includes children from 8 years of age upwards, and the above argument is even less likely to apply to younger age groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
To date, there is very limited experience with collective reporting by countries or organisations to the UNFCCC. Thus, further work would be needed to outline how this could be taken forward: while collective reporting of climate finance mobilised bilaterally may entail relatively small process changes, collective reporting of climate finance mobilised multilaterally could entail large ones (e.g. reporting of information from non-Parties), as could any review of collectively-reported information. If the COP could provide detailed guidance regarding the information to be included in future reports, this could increase the utility of such reports in quantifying mobilised climate finance in the context of the UNFCCC.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Once the model solution is obtained, one could return to the water consumption module to deduce the impact on rural and urban households. In the case of commercial demand, while these establishments generally obtain their water from a public utility, the heterogeneity of operations makes estimation of demand difficult in this case. By way of example, Kim and McCuen (1979) highlight the importance of gross store area, length of display windows and drinking fountains in predicting commercial water use.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Analysis of the foundations, principles, practices and enablers of SRB reveals the key role this approach can play in promoting indusiveness and sustainability, and ultimately, in contributing to the SDGs. A deeper understanding of SRB will assist both public and private sectors to integrate a greater level of SRB practices into business operations of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as large enterprises and transnational corporations (TNCs). Finally, organizations that have implemented these practices demonstrate how the SRB approach can foster the global change necessary for a sustainable future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
World Bank (2004) for India’s 2000 data. The OECD experience is, however, not representative of the world as a whole. The table charts the changes in Gini coefficient for a sample of developing countries for which income or consumption distributional data are available from the World Bank’s PovcalNet database.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Therefore, maintaining a balance with thermal resources will be important over the long term. That said, investments could be raised and spent on projects and programmes on energy efficiency and conservation, and development of potential RES and other "green" initiatives, which could create jobs and thus redirect the economy to a more efficient use of natural resources. Furthermore, the construction and operation of new' coal-fired power plants can lead to an increase in pollution and associated health and climate risks. To achieve and sustain economic grow th, energy access at lower prices can be necessary to make industries competitive and to contribute to job creation and development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This section discusses each in turn. It is a medium size agglomeration, with a dense core, close suburban belts, and uneasy relations with local governments in a mostly natural or agricultural hinterland, leading to strong competition and tensions with regards to land use and development. Because in France there is little likelihood of amalgamation and all communes have equal rights and authorities, local policies try to tackle these challenges by forming co-operative communal associations and with the SCoT a common spatial plan.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Collaboration is now considered as a strategic advantage for enhancing effectiveness in Inter-Organisational Information System (IOIS) implementation, particularly in electronic government (e-government). As governments strive to improve their service delivery systems with constraint resources, IOIS was seen as the key factor for efficacy. Findings in this study revealed that the rhetoric and the reality of IOIS implementation were misaligned. Social and human factors were revealed as pertinent for this disparity and good governance was seen as the redeeming factor for IOIS implementation. Understanding these factors is critical in improving the probability of success in future IOIS implementation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Poorer states have also been able to lift a greater number of people out of poverty, implying a convergence in poverty rates across states (Allwine etal., To evaluate the contribution of policies to the observed improvements and get a sense of their effectiveness, a useful exercise is to decompose the respective contributions of the increasing pie and the improvements in distribution. By contrast, keeping the average income level constant w'hile applying only the change in income distribution to the households data allows an estimate of how' much redistribution alone contributed to poverty reduction. Such a decomposition reveals that between 52% and 56% of the observed decline in poverty can be traced back to growth, depending on the poverty definition applied, with the other half owing to successful policies that improved the income distribution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The share of duty free tariff lines in South-south agreements is expected to increase from 28% to approximately 92% when frilly implemented, while North-South agreements increase their share of duty free lines from over 68% to only 87% (Fulponi et al, 2011). For example, cereal markets across South Asia (especially Bangladesh-India rice and Pakistan-Afghanistan wheat) are increasingly connected. As a result, cereal price policies have major spill-over effects across borders.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
led an expedition to Vietnam at the request of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The group showed that the United States was mistaking civilian rice fields for enemy soldiers’ crops, prompting Nixon to end US herbicide operations in Vietnam. During the Cold War, Meselson’s investigations into “yellow rain”— purportedly a mycotoxin produced by the former Soviet Union to destroy crops in Laos and Cambodia—proved that the substance in question was actually bee droppings, pollen eaten by the insects that they excreted in massive showers. Today, Meselson helps direct the Harvard Sussex Program, which aims to increase the contribution of scholarship to public policy issues concerning biological and chemical weapons. The program is trying to persuade governments to adopt a treaty that would make purveyors of biological and chemical weapons international criminals. Information on present and past Lasker Awards can be found at http: //www.laskerfoundation.org.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
President Obama's administration has shown a renewed emphasis on evidence-based policy. The President's FY11 budget includes over US$100 million for rigorous evaluations to grow the number of interventions backed by strong evidence of effectiveness. Other efforts focus on increased funding for top tier programmes and practices, evaluation of programmes with some supportive evidence of effects, and testing of innovative programmes that are supported by preliminary research findings.  Youth violence prevention is an area of social and health policy that is ripe for the application of scientific evidence. Youth violence is a significant public health problem: homicide is the second leading cause of death for youth ages 10–24.1 As a result of decades of investment in research by federal agencies, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health, as well as non-profit foundations, a substantial body of scientific evidence has uncovered factors …
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It strives to ensure that individual, short-term planning decisions support strategic, long-term goals. To be sustainable, tourism transport must be resource efficient, sensitive to cultural and environmental impacts, and benefit (or at least avoid harming) disadvantaged groups. For example, it allows resources currently dedicated to roads and parking facilities to be used to improve alternative modes or implement transportation demand management programs if they are most cost effective overall.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Together they received 58% of total OOF during the period 2006-15. Together, the top ten donors (bilateral and multilateral) provide over 81% of total aid for trade (Figure 11.11). For trade-related OOF, the concentration is even stronger, with the top ten donors providing over 97.2% of the funds (Figure 11.12). It enables the movement of people, goods and services and provides access to local, regional and global markets as well as health, education, water, energy and communications services. Infrastructure is estimated to have a socioeconomic rate of return of around 20%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Meanwhile, in some countries the predominance of the growth effect in each period was different. In Honduras and Mexico, the role played by the growth effect remained the same in both periods, while in Guatemala and Uruguay, its influence was greater between 2002 and 2008 than in 1990-2002. Between 1990 and 2008, variations in the Gini coefficient correlated closely with the share of the distribution effect in reducing poverty (see figure 1.10).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Some tend to focus more on sectors, w'hereas others emphasise both national and sector mainstreaming. A more recently used term, “reciprocal mainstreaming” (IIED, 2015), emphasises that biodiversity considerations should be integrated into other development agendas, and that development considerations should be integrated into biodiversity objectives. In this report, the term “mainstreaming” is used to refer to reciprocal mainstreaming, covering both processes and outcomes, and focuses on both national and sector entry points. Mainstreaming might also refer to including biodiversity considerations in poverty reduction plans and national sustainable development plans” (CBD, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The majority of these companies are Romanian, international operators have a relatively small market share. The market has no large international players w'ho would introduce new service standards and integrated w'aste management schemes on a large scale. The EU Accession Treaty specifies a transition period for replacing 129 non-compliant dumpsites w ith landfills by July 2009.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
However, safety and operational concerns set a limit to the load variability: in France the load variability is limited to ±4 up to ±8 assemblies, depending on the reactor type and the fuel management option. This variability allows for an increase of the natural cycle length if more new assemblies are charged in the reactor or for its reduction, if fewer assemblies than normal are substituted. The fuel enrichment varies generally from 3% and 5%, while average burn-up ranges from 33 to 50 GW^/ tHN (GW days per tonne of heavy metal). The flexibility is already a fundamental requirement for the nuclear industry, and will become increasingly important in the future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This first step (Section 8.2) is needed to obtain a quantitative and objective index of vulnerability which could be used to monitor the actions recommended by the IPoA. Revealing the overall characteristics of the LDCs in terms of vulnerability to climate change as well as their heterogeneity in this respect, and consequently in the required adaptation policies, constitutes the first step of this chapter. We highlight the highest vulnerability of LDCs to climate change compared with other developing countries and we analyse the heterogeneity of their vulnerability profiles. Progress has been achieved in this regard under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) through the adoption of decisions at the sixteenth Conference of the Parties to the Convention in Cancun, Mexico, in 2010.’
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It also assesses the impacts of coal- and gas-fired power with carbon capture and storage (CCS). The impacts of these technologies are compared with those of modern coal and gas-fired power without CCS, but with state-of-the-art pollution control. Bioenergy is not included because it is covered in a recent IRP report (Bringezu et al., Nuclear power generation is not included because UNEP sees this technology as being under the responsibility of a different UN agency (IAEA), oil fired steam power plants were excluded because they are seen as less relevant for the future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Land Use Planning (LUP) is a central tool of public policy for promoting Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in social-ecological systems of drylands, considering the strong dependence between local communities and their natural resources. This work highlights the collective process carried out for achieving the Diagnosis of the physical-biological subsystem and for formulating conservation and SLM strategies in La Paz department, Argentina, within the framework of the LUP Municipal Plan (LUPMP). To do so, a methodology that combines participatory techniques, like collective mapping, with use of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing. The collective construction of knowledge, through interaction among the scientific, governmental and local communities, allowed to define and validate eight Territorial Integration Units, priority sites for conservation of the natural and cultural heritage, SLM practices and LUP programs. The resulting Diagnosis constitutes a key information input for making decisions aimed at sustainability, replicable in other drylands.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For example, a large number of theoretical and empirical studies have pointed to the substantial positive impacts of infrastructure development on economic growth (United Nations, 2016). Studies have found a unidirectional causality from infrastructure to output growth from 1975 to 2007 (Sahoo, Dash and Nataraj, 2010). Additionally, a long-term positive impact on economic growth may be obtained by investments in power and telecommunications (Egert, Kozluk and Sutherland, 2009). Investing in infrastructure also has a multiplier effect as it stimulates other capital investment, including in the private sector, resulting in further economy-wide productivity growth and a subsequent improvement of social development In particular, by increasing investment, infrastructure development contributes to improved mechanisms for reducing rural-urban development gaps. It also boosts jobs and raises real wages. Furthermore, a greater focus on social infrastructure investment can enhance access to basic social services, especially for the most marginalized and vulnerable groups of communities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
For many educators, politicians, and researchers, evaluation was seen as a tool of control rather than an instrument to monitor and support education. The improved collection and use of evaluation information has allow ed Brazil to improve the quality and efficiency of its education system. Reforms first focused on building the enabling context for evaluation activities. This included defining the overarching policy framework for evaluation, creating the right institution to lead evaluation programmes, ensuring stable and sufficient funding, and developing in-country capacity for carry ing out evaluation tasks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Creditworthiness of the buyer: The buyer’s bank verifies the creditworthiness of its client as well as the signatures on the application form. It also ensures that the instructions are clear and complete. Opening: The buyer’s bank issues the letter of credit and sends it via the SWIFT network to the seller’s bank.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These changes could help attract and retain health workers, and will be needed if Switzerland is to continue to provide some of the best care in the world to its citizens. Fee-for-service arrangements in the ambulatory hospital sector and subsidies from cantons to public hospitals reward hospitals for doing more and provide weak incentives for cost moderation. This helps explain why, despite reductions over the past decade, hospital stays in Switzerland are longer than the OECD average and there are fewer day cases as a share of overall hospital cases in Switzerland than in several other countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Given a history in political ecology of challenging hegemonic “scientific” narratives concerning environmental problems, the current political moment presents a potent conundrum: how to (continue to) critically engage with narratives of environmental change while confronting the “populist” promotion of “alternative facts.” We ask how political ecologists might situate themselves vis-a-vis the presently growing power of contemporary authoritarian forms, highlighting how the latter operates through sociopolitical domains and beyond-human natures. We argue for a clear and conscious strategy of speaking power to post-truth, to enable two things. The first is to come to terms with an internal paradox of addressing those seeking to obfuscate or deny environmental degradation and social injustice, while retaining political ecology’s own historical critique of the privileged role of Western science and expert knowledge in determining dominant forms of environmental governance. This involves understanding post-tru...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, as Wilson et a I. (2011) point out this would not be the case if storage operators are able to exploit price differential through inter-temporal trading. With “locality” restricted to the basket of intermittent renewable energies. Such a strategy would favour intermittent over dispatchable renewable (e.g. hydro, geothermal) energy. Moreover, it would favour renewable energy in the electricity supply industry over other means of carbon abatement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Institutional analyses of public education have increased in number in recent years. However, studies in education drawing on institutional analyses have not fully incorporated recent contributions from institutional theory, particularly relative to other domains such as law and health policy. The author sketches a framework that integrates recent institutional theorizing to guide scholarship on these and other issues in K–12 public education in the United States. The author argues that although concepts such as “loose coupling” have been widely used, education researchers have not fully tapped institutional theories that have emerged more recently. The author introduces three interrelated constructs and applies them to a case study of district reading and mathematics reform. In the final section, the author considers how current developments in the governance of public schooling increase the utility of institutional perspectives and identify critical issues that need to be addressed in future work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)