albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
In many cases, these purchase a large volume of low value-added output either in advance or in the initial stages of each productive cycle, and, in some cases, they also provide transport services to the community concessions. Nonetheless, there are conflicting opinions on the management of Peten's forests, based mainly on environmentalist positions or reflecting points of view that focus exclusively on the economic interest represented by the zone's forestry resources. A joint study performed in 2008 by USAID and the Rainforest Alliance compares the forest cover of concessions included in the RBM in 1985 with the situation existing in 2005.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
With its member societies in over 115 countries, it advocates for the inclusion of people who have an intellectual disability in all aspects of their communities, based on shared values of respect, diversity, human rights, solidarity and inclusion. As an umbrella organisation and through its individual organisations, IFHOH works to promote greater understanding of hearing loss issues and to improve access for hard of hearing people worldwide. It currently has 47 general and associate members in 30 countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Wakker and Sarin (1997). Rothstein and Uslaner (2005) argue that many developing countries are trapped in a vicious circle of inequality and distrust, with dysfunctional institutions. High levels of inequality lead to low er levels of trust in institutions and thus to policies that can do little to narrow social gaps and create a greater sense of trust, well-being and equality, exacerbating tensions between groups and eroding the possibility of implementing policies based on the notion that different groups have a shared destiny.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The core problems in this study include first, why the clause of liability limitation is regulated in the Regulation of Bappeti Head No. 107/BAPPEBTI/PER/11/2013 which should provide protection to the parties as the futures trading actors? Second, is the standard contract in the attachment of Regulation of Bappebti Chief No. 107/BAPPEBTI/PER/11/2013 is a binding contract for the traders in the Commodity Futures Trading? This is a normative legal research and its results showed first, the attachment of Regulation of Bappeti Head No. 172/BAPPEBTI/PER/11/2013 is a form of government intervention into the contractual relationship, containing the clauseÂ  of the liability limitation of one of the parties namely Broker. This regulation gives injustice for investors. Second, this contract should be null and the mechanism of its cancelation is through judicial review to the Supreme Court.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Section 3.1 focuses on general recommendations whereas section 3.2 focuses on concluding observations by the CEDAW Committee on States parties’ reports. This is followed by a short conclusion section. It spells out the contents of various rights and lists recommendations on actions that States parties may take to fulfil their obligations. Articles 2 and 3 establish a comprehensive obligation to eliminate discrimination in all its forms in addition to the specific obligations under articles 5-16.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In Lithuania, for example, the state budget makes a flexible contribution to the health insurance fund based upon average wage levels over recent years, thus stabilising revenues during times of high unemployment. Currently, resources from Seguro Popular are allocated primarily through transfers to states. There are basically three types of funding: l)the Cuota Social, which provides the same per person funding level for each affiliated individual, 2) the Aportacion Solidaria Federal, which are funds directed at specific health sector programmes in a state and also seeks to adjust for need, combined with a small (1.25%) performance-linked component, and 3) the Aportacion Solidaria Estatal, which represents the state’s own contribution and is meant to be equivalent to half the Cuota Social. Resource levels are largely based on the number of affiliated individuals within a state, as an 80% weight is attached to the size of the affiliated population (being the most easily measured dimension of the formula).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The dominant regulatory instruments in Poland are these decisions or “decisions on the location of public land uses” (Gdesz, 2010). They are ostensibly similar to development permits, but they are detached from any local plans and do not have to conform to higher-order government policies or guidelines. Apart from selected areas governed either by national infrastructure decisions (often accompanied by expropriation) or nationally designated high-quality agricultural land, proposals for “decisions on development conditions” or “decisions on the location of public land uses” are bound by only one rule: local government may reject them if they do not meet the “neighbourhood rule”, that is, if they differ too much from their surroundings. This notion, however, is largely discretionary, and landowners often contest rejection decisions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The chapter gives an account and analysis of the development of the theoretical use of the concept of “security”, from a rather narrow, state-centric and militarised one of national security, via one focusing on national and other identities, i.e. societal security, to a much wider concept, including concerns for human rights, development, gender issues, etc., labelled human security. This theoretical analysis is followed by an illustration of how the different forms of security are interlinked, i.e. how national, societal and human security problems relate to each other in the Middle East, particularly in the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This made input-output tables, rather than aggregate demand, Hirschman’s policy framework of choice. Since he was unconvinced that most developing countries had the capabilities to undertake big centralized investment programmes, he offered a more pragmatic approach to infrastructure planning that would help break the “interlocking vicious circles” of underdevelopment (Hirschman, 1958: 5). This would occur by allowing infrastructure (“social overhead capital”) to lag behind in an investment sequence beginning with productive private investment primarily in the capital goods and intermediate goods sectors (see Hirschman, 1958: 83).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Japan and Korea have traditionally experienced little immigration, and they need to use their human capital more effectively to face the challenge of a potentially dwindling pool of paid and unpaid workers. Japanese and Korean men will have to do more at home, more Japanese and Korean women will have to be part of the paid workforce, and Japanese and Korean workplace practices will have to become more family-friendly. China also faces these issues, but to a lesser extent than Japan and Korea.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Thus, in Bangladesh, where the GDP per capita is USD 1 156, women allocate 56% of their time to unpaid care work when awake, compared to 40% in Peru and 33% in South Africa where the GDP per capita is USD 6 572 and USD 6 161 respectively (World Bank, 2017). As a country’s GPD increases, infrastructure is likely to improve and access to services increase, thus decreasing the time women spend on domestic and care tasks, such as cooking or traveling to health centres. As a result, women have more time for paid work and study as well as leisure and personal care, as South Africa and Peru demonstrate.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The dimension of Security of employment and social protection assesses the threats to employment security as well as the measures and safety nets that can offset possible risks that come with short or long spells of unemployment or being outside the labour force, health problems and retirement. The sub-dimension Security of employment essentially refers to how likely a person is to lose his or her job(s). It involves information on the degree of permanence and tenure of the work, the status in employment and the formal or informal nature of employment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This special issue relates the key analytical constructs of environmental justice scholarship – distributive justice, procedural justice and environmental racism – to a series of Third World case studies. It calls attention to the need to theorize both distributive burdens and benefits, treat the relative salience of race as a category of differentiation as an empirical question, and examine new avenues of procedural justice that have opened up to transnational environmental justice activists. The basic position advanced in the collection is that the core issues at the heart of environmental justice struggles are universal. In this sense, the case studies presented here should be read not as though they were part of exceptional Third World circumstances, but instead as part of broader patterns of distributive, procedural and racial injustice with global significance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Even this information, however, showed that 16 per cent of the region’s total population, or some 542 million people, were consuming less than the dietary minimum (FAO 2008). The picture for underweight children is even more troubling. The problem was that although food was plentiful and available, millions of people, particularly agricultural labourers who had lost wages because of severe flooding, could not afford to buy it and suddenly faced starvation (Sen 1999). It undermines the health of adults and reduces their capacity to live and work to their full potential.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
It concludes with a number of follow-up recommendations. The first focuses on the broader education and training policy arrangements, including monitoring and evaluation. The second addresses policy implementation, in particular how entrepreneurship is promoted in secondary, vocational and tertiary education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
However, most developing countries have reported inventory information that is significantly out of date (Ellis and Moarif, 2015). The improvement of GHG inventories should therefore be a priority area for capacity building and other resources, particularly for developing countr ies that are significant emitters. In addition to capacity building under the UNFCCC, support for capacity building may also be provided by other processes such as the Sustainable Development Goals (Target 17.9 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is dedicated to capacity building).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Considerable attention has been given to biological pest management, for example in a project started in 2007 that uses barn owls and kestrels as biological pest control agents (OECD, 2010). Agriculture is also subject to other forms of damage and losses from wildlife, such as damage to irrigation equipment by mammals and birds and losses to field crops and orchards due to small rodents and birds. In addition to support for some losses, farm advisory, bio-control, IPM and other approaches are used to address these wildlife-agriculture conflicts (OECD, 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
It can also import the generic version of the drug (patent-expired or voluntarily licensed). It may not, however, import from a manufacturer that was issued a compulsory licence by its government. In the latter case, production shall be predominantly for the supply of the domestic market and thus there is a de facto restriction on exports.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It examines how disadvantages can accumulate over a lifetime (Chapter l).The report takes a closer look at equity issues at each stage of life, from early childhood education (Chapter 2), student and school outcomes (Chapter 3) through adult education and skills formation (Chapter 4). Each chapter offers policy recommendations and describes policies on education and skills that can ensure lifelong equitable learning opportunities for the socio-economically disadvantaged, as well as best policy practices and lessons from selected countries. Opportunity for All: Overcoming Educational Inequalities over the Life Course (OECD, forthcoming), is a main output of the Fostering Good Education for All project. This report aims to provide extensive analysis of inequality in education, and concrete policy recommendations to provide solutions for this pressing issue.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Low economic participation of women is attributed to interrelated socioeconomic, cultural, individual, structural and institutional factors. Women are over-represented in the public sector, which is perceived as more accommodating than the private sector, particularly for married women. While the share of women in agriculture varies across countries, evidence points to an increasing ‘feminization of agriculture’ in the region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Over the past year wind peformance insurance products have been offered by Swiss Re and Galileo Insurance, the market has yet to fully absorb the impact of these. In order to identify the barriers that prevent investment by institutional investors, participant identified and categorized perceived risks. The top right area of the chart illustrates the risks with the highest degree of ‘probability’ and ‘severity’.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The balance of change seemed to be positive in terms of decreasing inequality over time. Still, the story is an open-ended one, not least because “inequality is multidimensional and cannot be viewed solely through the prism of income. Besides, how communities organize and how their communities are planned and located may overcome basic disabilities caused by income scarcity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Patients publicly insured with a restricted access to public provides have a maximum co-insurance of 20% while patients publicly insured with free choice of provider and privately insured have a maximum co-insurance of 50%. If one visit to the hospital contains, for example, both a specialist's visit and diagnostic imaging, only one co-payment is charged from the patient. The annual municipal cap applies for co-payments in diagnostic imaging. Co-insurance of 12% for the services of a physician. Potential co-payments for tests that are not listed. Occasional user charges, GPs may charge for X-rays, for example.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In fact, oceans are essential in providing invaluable ecosystems and climate regulation, as well as important cultural support to the millions of people who live near the sea. Today, our oceans are threatened by a range of factors, from many forms of pollution to climate change and unsustainable fishing practices, all of which are results of human activity. This is why the international community, in approving the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically established SDG 14, charging us to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”. This is essential for sustainability, and there is a lot to be done.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
More broadly, selecting the appropriate instrument mix will require taking into account local and regional priorities, as well as international commitments under the CBD and other agreements. Biodiversity policy may affect broader national priorities, such as poverty alleviation, sustainable development and economic growth, and these need to be considered in a coherent way so as to maximise synergies and address any trade-offs (OECD, 2012). For example, if an over-exploited fish stock is on the verge of collapse, a (temporary) ban on fishing may be most effective, so as to allow the stock to recover.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
If compared to 1999-2000, the shares of both categories decreased significantly. However, the share of own account worker among women workers has been increasing over the years. Thus, there seems to be a transition of women workers from contributing family worker to own account worker to fill the vacuum created by men becoming wageworkers. There is also an increasing phenomenon of Self Help Groups (SHGs) of women taking up own account entrepreneurial activities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
By 2012 Colombia - the region’s third most populous country after Brazil and Mexico - was the fourth largest economy in Latin America after Argentina. Growth in income per capita helped reduce the share of the population living in poverty by nearly 10 percentage points between 2002 and 2010. Yet income inequality, especially in rural areas, remained at the high end of the range for Latin America and high compared with most countries in other world regions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
They show that urban children tend to have better access to health services, which in turn is reflected by higher immunization rates (Ruel eta/., 1998). Urban households are also more likely to have access to water and sanitation facilities, although they may come at high cost, especially for the poor (World Resources Institute, 1996). Examples from IFPRI's analysis of 11 demographic and health surveys show the consistently higher intake of milk and meat products by toddlers in urban areas compared with rural areas (Arimond and Ruel, 2004). Three of the most commonly measured micronutrient deficiencies and related disorders refer to vitamin A, anaemia (related to iron) and iodine (Figure 2 and Annex table).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
However, in recent years, growth is slowing for most of the access indicators, particularly in countries where large parts of the population are already connected. Growth will need to pick up again if the ambitious targets of the ITU Connect 2030 Agenda and the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development are to be met. These include a target of 70 per cent Internet penetration by 2023, and 75 per cent by 2025. While fixed-telephone subscriptions continue their long-term decline, mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions continue to grow.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In practice, however, such perfect security of energy supply is too costly. All countries thus implicitly accept a certain level of energy insecurity by limiting their investments in insurance. In other words, some supply interruptions are acceptable as an inevitable inconvenience, if the cost and effort to avoid them is too high.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This contrasts with other models that do not explicitly include technological change. Administration and infrastructure costs that may be needed to meet projected health care demand are not included. Similarly, the model does not consider the impact of national income or health-care budgets on demand for health-care services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Consequently, actual land use plans will be more constrained by regional, metropolitan and common issues and be less about very local issues of any given commune that retains the ultimate responsibility for generating a plan that will become the actual law establishing allowable land uses. With these current legislative changes the government is establishing a system that privileges regional and inter-municipal levels of governance (over individual communes) and prioritises the planning tools at those levels. It is at this level that the private interests of the land owner are confronted with the public interest embodied in zoning restrictions and specific development ordinances.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
For example, students scored much higher in the collaborative problem-solving assessment when they reported that they had talked to their parents outside of school on the day prior to the PISA test, and also when their parents agreed that they are interested in their child's school activities or encourage them to be confident. As I discussed in Chapter 1, these skills are related to the character qualities of perseverance, empathy, resilience, mindfulness, courage and leadership. But Tricia Wang,23 Global Technology Ethnographer and Co-Founder of Constellate Data, defined that line as the ability to take another person's perspective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Impact is the difference a piece of research makes to the theory and practice of an academic discipline. The potential for impact in economic history is broad because it deals with big questions that are at the forefront of social science and political economy. This chapter sets out how readers can plan their pathways to impact through effective communication.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It provides an overview of trends in material consumption and waste management, as well as related policy and institutional frameworks. The chapter discusses the main objectives for waste management over the review period and assesses performance. Finally, the chapter examines the efforts to promote a circular economy and reviews the next steps that can encourage further progress.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Business-as-usual could also be financially challenging, with a significant share of GDP being spent on fuel imports, putting pressure on foreign currency reserves and facing high opportunity costs of financing other development priorities, such as education and providing health services. It could also result in unsustainable use of natural resources, such as fuel wood, in being locked into outdated technologies, and in losing an increasing share of GDP to fuel imports because of future projected economic growth. Clearly, a new way needs to be found if the needed growth is not to be accompanied by - and ultimately undermined by - resource scarcity, high costs of environmental damage and accompanying costs in human health and erosion of development progress.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Currently, there are ongoing debates about penalising those using informal ways of discouraging women to vote (e.g. threats, loud speaker announcements) (NCSW 2012a). The presence of an active women’s network within parliament reflects a transformation in the broader political culture, although there is still a lot to be accomplished. For instance, WPC Secretary Syed Shamoon said: ‘the caucus is a watershed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This chapter considers the issue of what it is that defines and constitutes regulatory governance. We start from the view that national (and transnational) systems of regulatory governance essentially are comprised of ‘regimes’ or institutions for the control and coordination of socially-valued behaviour in the public interest. Regimes or regulatory edifices — designed for particular sectors, such as telecommunications, or for broader issues, such as health and safety in the workplace — are composed of a number of parts and levels. These elements frequently display marked variations in their modalities of control and principles of accountability. In part this stems from historical accretions as, in recent years, the established state structures of welfare capitalism, for example, rather than being replaced have become supplemented by new regulatory techniques of political, economic and social control.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)