albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The Welsh Government has overall responsibility for planning of the system, while local Health Boards, trusts and local authorities also have established mechanisms for setting out how resources (financial, workforce and infrastructure) will be deployed to yield maximum benefit in order to address areas of population health need and improve health outcomes, improve the quality of care, and ensure best value from resources. Health Boards in Wales are responsible for assessing the needs of their population as a whole, and for ensuring services are provided that meet those needs. Wales’ 22 local authorities, with locally elected politicians, are responsible for local government including social services. They are statutorily required to work with the NHS and non-statutory partners using a variety of joint arrangements such as local strategic partnerships. Groups of local authorities have coterminous boundaries with Health Board (Figure 3.1). Health Systems in Transition, Vol.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
He has also linked principles of equality, non-discrimination and participation as an approach to commenting on ‘the impact of foreign debt and related policy conditionalities on the realization of women's rights, in particular their economic, social and cultural rights’ (ibid., International financial institutions in relation to loans and conditionalities often fail to consider and address the needs of women (ibid., Without this perspective, policies contribute to the ‘feminization of poverty and deepening gender inequality’ (ibid., States should promote women’s involvement in development planning and decision-making related to debt management (ibid.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Engaging key stakeholders (e.g. teacher unions, universities, pedagogical advisors) in their development will be critical to build a shared understanding of "good teaching" and ensure that standards are accepted and used. Costa Rica should consider creating a professional body for teachers to support this work and provide input to teacher policy development more broadly. Strengthen teachers' initial training and recruitment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
These rates are typically lower than the comparable mortality rates in low and lower-middle income economies, they range from 435.4 deaths per 100,000 people in Viet Nam to 847.5 in Armenia. In 2013, malaria affected almost 2.3 million people, or 59 of every 100,000 people living in Asia and the Paciic.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Some of the shortcomings were exogenous to the country itself and included lack of additionality of AfT funds, poor donor co-ordination and misalignment of donor objectives with the country’s priorities. This may be partly due to definitional problems and partly the result of poor information flow and lack of co-ordination among line ministries and implementing agencies. The WTO Task Force defined AfT as ‘whatever a partner country considers trade-related’. Therefore, no common definition of AfT exists.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
A decline in export volumes and prices is expected. Indeed, in recent years, Burkina Faso's exports are increasingly dominated by products that are dependent on global demand conditions, in particular cotton fibre and livestock products (Figure 2). The expected decline in exports is mainly attributable to a contraction in the volume of exports of cotton and, consequently, the fall of 56 per cent in cotton price from its peak in March 2008 to March 2009 (figure 6). Since then, the prices of cotton rebounded by 49 per cent between mid- and end 2009.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Donors have a great deal of experience in approaches that seek to involve and empower poor people including participatory planning, participatory rural appraisal and community based management. These approaches have been used in donor funded projects, the development of Poverty Reduction Strategies and the design and delivery of sector programmes. Most general budget support programmes involve associated donor support for the role of organised civil society in policy making and programme planning at national and local level in order to strengthen the voice of poor people and improve accountability to them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
As understanding increases, data requirements will change and an iterative conceptual modelling approach will allow this to be clarified. Although the project is led nationally by policy makers (Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs - Defra - and the Environment Agency), it will encompass the interests of all other relevant sectors in a collaborative approach, including the farming community, water companies, environmental non-governmental organisations, and the research community. The development of communities of practice, which develop approaches to fit their discrete geographical and local circumstances, but are also able to learn from each other and serve as examples to communities in other catchments, is an overarching goal of the DTC programme.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Men and boys are much more likely to collect water when they can use mechanized transport like bikes, scooters and trucks. A survey of water collection in Mongolia showed that in Ulaanbaatar men made up the majority of water collectors across all forms of water collection, but were particularly prominent in water collection by vehicle and by animal (Hawkins and Seager 2010). In 70% of urban households that collected water by vehicle men were the sole collectors, and in urban households that used horses to collect water only men performed this task.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Learning programmes are more successful when all stakeholders are involved, with co-funded models showing strong potential. Consolidation of these capacities helps support investment in new technologies at the local level through the creation of ‘maker spaces’283 and innovation hubs, incubation centres, technology parks and clusters. It has not proved easy to replicate successful apprenticeship systems, such as those in German-speaking countries, in countries that lack the relevant historical and institutional arrangements. Current technological change entails the additional difficulty of identifying the appropriate companies where training should take place.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Similarly, the anticipated capacity of 11.8 GW from renewable electricity sources (wind, small hydro, biomass, waste and solar) will not meet the original target of 14 GW. It does not however present scenarios aiming for deep C02 reductions. The policy envisages C02 emissions for India in 2031/32 to be between Page | 46 5.5 Gt C02 and 3.9 Gt C02, compared to 1.34 Gt in 2007, while the BLUE Map Scenario in ETP2010 (IEA, 2010a) limits the C02 emission increase to 2.2 Gt in 2030.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Psychiatric inpatient care in Japan is provided principally by private not-for-profit hospitals - which account for 90% of all inpatient beds - but also by public hospitals. Psychiatric inpatient bed numbers, and average length of stay (ALOS), have been falling steadily, although taken as reported ALOS and numbers of psychiatric patients are still high relative to the OECD average. When considering the typically reported ALOS (298 days, compared to an OECD average of 36 days) and psychiatric bed numbers (2.6 beds per 100 000 population, compared to the OECD average of 0.7) it is important to note that in Japan a high number of psychiatric care beds are utilised by long stay chronic patients which might not be reported under the psychiatric bed category by other OECD countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
As such, countries are especially interested in learning more about their own teaching and ECEC workforce, and making comparisons with other countries to develop more effective policies to improve teaching and learning (OECD, 2014b). They may also be called pedagogue, educator, childcare practitioner or pedagogical staff in pre-primary education, while the term teacher is almost universally used at the primary' level. Data sourced from the OECD’s Education at a Glance Indicators exclusively covers this category. Assistants are more common in pre-primary education than in primary education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Their significant role in this region is well known, despite, in some cases, limited available data for this sector. Since millennia, the small-scale fishing sector has supported livelihoods within coastal communities. The role it plays in sustaining economic activity and ensuring food security within vulnerable coastal communities is not to be overlooked, particularly in the current context of ever-increasing rural to urban migration. Furthermore, SSF play a key role in maintaining local traditions and culture, creating added value for other sectors, such as the restaurant and tourism industries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Further considerations include the general disease situation in the area and whether there are any risk factors that can compromise the welfare of farmed fish. Within a defined endemic zone for pancreas disease, a prioritisation criterion will apply in addition to other criteria. This entails that new licenses for salmon are allocated in accordance with a regional strategy for mitigating the disease risk. Risk for spread of disease to wild fish stocks is also considered.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Article 6 on co-operative approaches, Article 9 on finance, and Article 11 on capacity building. Further relevant provisions are contained in Decision 1/CP.21. The purpose of the transparency framework for mitigation is to provide a clear understanding of climate change mitigation action, to track progress towards NDCs and to inform the global stocktake.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, conservation, the sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+), an international forest-based climate policy framework, is aimed to be implemented in developing countries and has direct relevance to tropical forests. It does not have any direct implication for forests in the Nordic countries. The region has just under one-third of forests in Europe excluding Russia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The largest importer for New Zealand's fisheries products is People's Republic of China (27%), Australia (18%), the European Union (11.5%), the United States (10.7%), followed by Japan and Hong Kong, China (Panel B). The amount transferred to fisheries sector has been increasing to USD 68 million, i.e. by 12%. There is cost recovery charges associated with fisheries management service and conservation services (Panel C).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
In this regard, there is scope to expand the use of economic instruments. This underlines the importance of adequate provision for fair and equitable benefit sharing from the use of genetic resources, in line with the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol. Some steps have been taken, including the establishment of some rights of indigenous people in legislation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This article suggests that innovative provisions in Albanian company law provide a promising initial framework for the future construction of multinational corporations’ accountability for environmental and human rights abuses. Such robust national provisions hold out hope for overcoming the limitations and inhibitions presented by extraterritoriality, while exceeding the promise of universal jurisdiction, to offer a relatively detailed ‘enterprise liability’ construct in national company law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Rapid income growth has been concentrated in coastal areas which benefited from deep trade integration as a result of policies promoting openness pursued since the mid-1980s. These effects are magnified when structural change occurs in economies that undergo significant ownership changes, such as land ownership reform and the dismantling of State-owned enterprises (SOEs). In China, for example, the acceleration of land ownership and labour-market reforms in the late 1990s was followed by a decline of employment in manufacturing in most provinces.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
This technology bank for the LDCs was officially established on 23 December 2016, through the adoption of the UN General Assembly Resolution A/71/L.52. In addition, ITU's Membership recognized the importance of ICTs for LDCs by adopting specific targets for the LDCs in its Connect 2020 Agenda (ITU, 2014). Target 2, on inclusiveness, includes specific targets on household access to ICTs, Internet use, and affordability in the LDCs. Most have been primarily based on basic, low-bandwidth mobile cellular technologies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Information on other types of souvenirs appears to be unavailable. This is not necessarily the case with some niche tourism products and services. Although niche tourism or special interest tourism does not have a dominant market share in SIDS, there is increasing interest in this area as an additional direct and indirect revenue stream that could have more linkages to the local economy and employment than the traditional mass tourism market. These tourists are generally motivated to learn something new or practise a hobby or sport (e.g. diving) and, perhaps more importantly, seek locally-sourced products and services (including accommodation, restaurants, visitor attractions and transport). Niche tourists are typically professionals with higher disposable incomes, seeking a holiday that is the antithesis of the all-inclusive, mass tourism experience and has the potential to generate more economic linkages along the tourism supply chain, particularly in the shoulder season. A study by Nurse (2001) of festival tourism in two Caribbean states, Trinidad and St Lucia, is presented in Box 2.2.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The community care subprogramme is complemented by other services including the Circulos de Abuelos, (Grandparents Circle) attended by 43.7% of the country’s older adult population and the Programa de atencion al anciano solo (Care for elders alone) which covers 71.2% of the total elderly population living in singleperson households. There are 144 older persons’ homes in the country (84% State-run) with a total of 7,920 residents (0.46% of the country’s older adult population). These facilities are staffed by physicians, nurses, physical therapists and psychologists among others. The National Office for Older Persons’ Care and Social Services evaluate the management of these homes and offer performance support.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Meanwhile the victim has refused to leave the ‘so-called husband’s’ home. The accused is HIV positive while the victim is HIV negative.35 It may also be due to the fact that the issue of marriage is a civil matter and as such, it is incumbent upon an individual to file or not to file a suit against the person who has wronged her. However, in Kenya and Rwanda, which have clear marriage laws, the prosecution process may be commenced upon violation of the law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This complements the detailed discussion of the comparability of the income from the three data sets that is presented in section 2.1 of the report. The 1993 and 2000 data sets have been publicly available and widely used for a number of years. Therefore, our commentary on these data sets will be veiy brief. Therefore, our description of this data set is more extensive. There is good baseline information to provide the data for monitoring changes in South Africa since the democratic transition.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
For Berea district some copies of a questionnaire were distributed by the researcher to few schools while a certain portion of the copies of the questionnaire were completed by Berea primary teachers who converged at LCE in Maseru for contact sessions for part-time B.Ed primary programme. Lastly, it must also be noted that some of Maseru primary teachers who participated in this study were B.ED part-time students who had also converged at LCE for mid-term contact sessions. Biographical information was sought in section I of the questionnaire. These included information on the names of districts, schools, age groups and qualifications. The numbers of male and female teachers as well as the gender of principals and the deputy principals were sought and used for validation of the existing statistical data in respect of feminisation of the teaching profession in Lesotho primary schools. The names of individual schools are not used in analysis of the data for confidentiality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This article critically engages with recent scholarship that casts Russian foreign policy either in terms of a gradual evolution towards neo-imperialism, or alternatively as an episodic series of shifts on issues such as terrorism, energy, relations with great powers, and Russia's geostrategic position in contemporary international politics. It argues that since the end of the Cold War what has been striking about Russian foreign policy has been its continuity. To do this it examines several key policy arenas, including Russia's attempts to construct regional architecture to embed its hegemonic position, its recent preference for resource diplomacy, and its use of military force. It finds that while Russia has struggled to maintain hegemony in the former Soviet space due to the ongoing problem of weak material capabilities, the ‘assertive’ form of realism that characterizes its foreign policy has not altered significantly since shortly after the collapse of the USSR.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Investments in this activity should be privately driven. Apart from inspection on public health grounds, appropriate public policy is similar to that for all private activities: facilitating entry and exit, minimising administrative costs, and setting clear rules for doing business. The priority for public investment is to improve rural roads. Private investment is not trivial: a modern long-distance meat truck with 20-22-tonne capacity costs EUR 160 000 and poor quality rural roads increase running costs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Based on these estimates, citizens of Ulaanbaatar currently generate about 360 kg of household waste per person per year. In 2016, 1.7 million tons of MSW were collected in Mongolia, of which 40 per cent was in Ulaanbaatar. It is estimated that about 27,000-54,000 tons of hazardous w'aste is generated annually in Mongolia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The opinions expressed and the arguments employed are those of the authors. Comments on Working Papers are welcomed, and may be sent to the Environment Directorate or the Trade and Agriculture Directorate, OECD, 2 rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. Comments on Working Papers may also be sent to env.contact@oecd.org or tad.contact@oecd.org.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
This strong performance has been facilitated by the more competitive cost situation, time zone compatibility with the United States of America, the high quality of human resources and Government policies. In addition, new software start-ups have taken advantage of growing use of the Internet and opportunities created around online and cloud-based services. This resulted in a 10-year plan (2004-2014) aimed at making the national software system more competitive internationally. The software law of 2004 (Law 25.922) provides tax incentives and other benefits to legal entities established or operating in Argentina, as long as they export software services, pursue quality certifications and dedicate efforts to R&D. In 2011, Law 26.692 modified some of the measures and extended certain tax benefits targeting the software industry until the end of 2019.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The move also entails a shift in stewardship arrangements: in contrast to its traditional 'command and control' role of direct management, the Ministry of Health is expected to exercise influence via its newly adopted role as the contractor of services. The contracts were heavily redacted when presented in the public domain and have been referred to the National Audit Office for scrutiny by the Ministry of Health. The reform will need to be monitored carefully, not least to ascertain whether it is contributing to the fiscal sustainability of the health system and meeting other goals such as maintaining equitable access and improved quality of care.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
There are examples of private sector leadership. Indonesia’s Malang Migrant Workers Training Centre is a privately owned training centre for female migrant workers, specialising in domestic works in Hong Kong, China and Singapore. The company that runs the centre has branches nationwide and offers training services for prospective migrants to the electronics sectors of neighbouring Malaysia (mostly men) as well.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The mutual support networks of Fureai Kippu ("ticket for a caring relationship") emerged in urban grassroots mutual-help groups such as the Help of Daily Living Association in Tokyo and the Kobe Life Care Association. They can save these Fureai Kippu for their own use in the future or transfer them to someone of their choice, typically a parent or family member. In some cases they can convert Fureai Kippu into a cash equivalent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s). Document only available in pdf format. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s). The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
While the share of solar and wind in the overall energy mix still remains below the country’s potential (just over 6% in 2016), Chile has become a leading solar producer in the Latin American region. In response to Argentina’s curtailment of natural gas exports in 2007, Chile has initiated efforts to reduce its dependence on fossil fuel imports and tap into domestic renewable energy resources. Moreover, public discontent has put pressure on the future development of large-scale hydropower projects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Are key stakeholders engaged and their partnerships leveraged? The workshop featured presentations of PES applications, providing an insight to the range of application of PES in the Asian and Pacific region. Selected experiences are outlined below. Many more cases have been researched, implemented and documented by the RUPES/ICRAF programme, among other institutions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In the case of school leaders, they play dual leadership roles—an external one in which their partners are school owners, and an internal one in which they lead the instructional programme of their schools (the internal role of school leader is treated in the section on school improvement). A possible response could eventually be the consolidation of smaller municipalities as Finland has already done, but this is beyond the scope of this report, or a rationalisation of schooling responsibilities. In the current governance structure, it calls for the Directorate to ensure that every municipal and county education official and the school leaders of all 1 200 lower secondary schools have the capacity to work together to deliver the country’s agenda.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)