albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Some higher-income countries have increasingly adopted narrowly focused academic measurements of student achievement, posing the risk that schools lose their equally critical role in developing social skills, a course with particular consequences for girls struggling to manage competing sources of information, including media, that shape self-perceptions in negative ways (The Lancet Commissions, 2016). I would like to be working as lawyer. )) Targets in the 2030 Agenda stipulate the attainment of universal access to sexual and reproductive health services and universal health coverage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The difficulty of corrupting information in the block chain strengthens the traceability of fish products along the value chain, which will enable more fisheries, aquaculture farms and fish processing facilities to meet import requirements such as the country of origin and phytosanitary standards of many countries. Improved traceability will also make it possible to fulfil growing buyer demand for legally and responsibly sourced fish. In some fisheries and aquaculture farms, it will assist in meeting certification requirements.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
At the same time, heroin of high purity from the Golden Triangle (Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar and Thailand) sometimes entered the country from the south-east. There were some reports of seizures in China of heroin trafficked through sea ports in Bangladesh. Dhaka airport continued to be a transit point for heroin being trafficked to China, Europe and the Middle East.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Risk represents the unknown future: an intangible commodity. Public risk may affect any part of society and government is expected to respond, implying a need for governance and accountability. Public risk governance though is complicated by the multiplicity of different stakeholders and the network of interactions. We explore public risk governance through the actors involved in public risk governance and accountability. Through synthesis of the related and theoretically consistent concepts of governance, stakeholder theory and social network theory we develop the concept and underlying principles of ‘knowledgeable supervision’ as a means of public risk governance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Sex trafficking is recognized as a national problem that inflicts serious harm on its victims, yet, legislative responses to trafficking vary depending on jurisdiction. Federal legislation considers youths who engage in commercial sex acts as trafficking victims. States, however, vary in the evidence required to prove a juvenile is a victim of sex trafficking, as opposed to an offender of prostitution. Using four years of data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System, we compared details of commercial sex incidents involving youths who were identified as trafficking victims or arrested as prostitutes. Beyond legislative differences, comparisons between cases are discussed to illuminate how state law enforcement officials legally classify these events involving adolescents (i.e., as victims or prostitutes). Further, we consider the policy implications of the findings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As a result, a new legal framework and regulations for the management of protected areas could be developed. But there are several problems associated with the Red List and the Red Book. The de-listing and down-listing criteria and procedures are not defined, and there is no stated objective to de-list or down-list the species after inclusion in the Red List. No time frame is provided after which the list must be revised and updated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Uzbekistan has made significant progress towards the objective set in the Plan to improve the emission monitoring system and the monitoring of surface water quality in transboundary rivers in Uzbekistan’s territory. There is no evidence, however, that Uzbekistan has implemented the measures listed in the Plan related to upgrading the system to monitor the transboundary movement of air pollutants or to set up an online information exchange system and computer databanks. Although state financing was intended to be the main source of funding for programme implementation, the programme was actually prepared for potential international donors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Data for public spending come from OECD Family Database and they refer to 2007. Public spending data include only public support that is exclusively for families (e.g. child payments and allowances, parental leave benefits and childcare support). Spending in other social policy areas such as health and housing also assists families, but not exclusively, and is therefore not included here. Trend line is obtained by Unear regression.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The study of feminism as a mark of feminist agency is examined across a range of feminist scholarship followed by reflections on the concluding scene of Ashapurna Devis novel in Bangla Pratham Pratisruti and ends with some conclusions based upon ethnographic work on Indian women and inheritance.  The explorations of different sites of fiction and ethnography indicate that individual acts of womens resistance should be kept separate from the systemic changes that organized movements seek to effect. (authors)
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
A pilot was launched in 2005-07 in the fashion and auto-mechanic sectors (but with no formal evaluation of the results) (Ministiy of Vocational Training and Employment, 2012). Furthermore, it supports social inclusiveness, by allowing adults with limited formal education to get recognition for the competences acquired while working, thereby helping them to advance their careers. Finally, it also works as a tool to reward learning and the skills, both acquired in informal settings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
While fundamental doctrines and legal principle figure strongly in textbook and superior court analyses of the criminal law, the practical operation of the law is far more open to other approaches. This chapter explores how it is useful to demonstrate to students the variable and political use of doctrine and principle in constructing and interpreting criminal law the way courses are constructed. This includes courses that range beyond the traditional offences such as homicide to include new offences that are significantly different in their construction - such as terrorism, drugs and sexual assault offences, and that include offences that are rarely appealed, such as public order and police powers offences. Doing so exposes students to how the different players in criminal justice define crime, and the different outcomes that can lead to in different offences and courts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It should make it easier for people to understand that work pays. Universal Credit will furthermore provide individuals with a seamless route to enter, exit and re-enter work without running the risk of losing their entitlement. Although the marginal tax rates still remain relatively high, combined with an effective conditionality regime, the Universal Credit reform can change social attitudes to work in the long run. If the remaining weaknesses would be addressed, the gain from the reform in terms of making work pay and reducing poverty would be even bigger. Universal Credit depends on real time information on income, which is to be achieved through HM Revenue and Customs Real Time Information (RTI) project. System failure in the RTI could lead to unnecessary uncertainties and hardship for vulnerable groups in the transition period, especially if Universal Credit recipients were not receiving timely and correct payments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Electronic government (e-government) has been adopted globally by both developed and developing countries. Many studies revealed that the e-government not only improves the efficiency of public administration but also the practice of good governance, such as increasing transparency, deducing administrative corruption, improving service delivery, improving civil service performance, citizens empowerment and improving government finance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Those who report having had at least one other intimate partner in the past can be filtered into the module of questions concerning psychological, economic, physical and sexual violence by previous partners. Some respondents will therefore be asked the same modules of questions twice: once concerning current or most recent partner and a second time concerning previous partners. It should be remembered that questions concerning psychological and economic violence should always be positioned before those concerning physical and sexual violence so that respondents are eased into the more sensitive questions gradually.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Paradoxically, the water that once afforded Venice its power as a maritime empire now compromises its physical integrity. Periodic flooding threatens both the historic city and the mainland. Specifically, the increased frequency and severity of flooding is perceived by many as a threat not only to public health, but also to the liveability and economic viability of the historic centre. Floods have both short-term implications (reduced tourism-related income, increased costs of routine logistics) and long-term implications (notably damage to the city's building fabric and architectural heritage) for the Venice city-region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The sector’s share of total exports rose from less than 5% in the 1970s to around 20% at the beginning of the 2000s. This sector also absorbs about 70% of the labour force and hence is the main source of income and employment for the majority of Zambians, in particular, the poor. Additionally, this sector is characterised by the high participation of women in the labour force.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The Implementation Plan for the Sustainable Communities Consortium was adopted on 30 May 2014. This is a crucial condition to building an inclusive urban transport network since lower income households are more likely to live far from economic centres and to rely on public transport. As a consequence, many cities have implemented reforms to respond to this new demand. The creation of transport authorities that are responsible for multiple jurisdictions within a functional urban area is increasingly common.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Figure 3.8 below shows the normalised scores for potential years of life lost associated with a basket of causes of death considered to be amenable to medical intervention. The potential years of life lost indicator provides an estimate of the average years a person would have lived if they had not died before a notional reference age limit. For the purpose of this analysis, we assumed that deaths under the age of 75 years were premature.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This may include, for example, encouraging targeted training for apprentice supervisors and offering tools and resources (e.g. website, online forum for instructors) that help firms effectively manage apprentices and overcome any difficulties. Lehraufsicht”, Amt fur Berufsbildung und Berufsberatung, Thurgau, Amt fiir Berufsbildung und Berufsberatung, www.abb.tg.ch/xml 63/internet/de/application/dl0079/d9739/f9309.cfm (accessed 26 February 2016). Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Levels of child labour, which can include domestic work or paid work, are highest in the countries where there are more 10-year-olds relative to adults. Where child labour is common, vulnerabilities to exploitation and school dropout are greater. Most live in less developed areas of the world, where health systems are less extensive.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Competing leadership priorities may present a problem at the implementation level. The lack of available resources - where “gender mainstreaming is currently required to do ‘more with less”’ (Sweetman, 2012, p. 396) - may significantly inhibit the implementation and maintenance of gender mainstreaming efforts. In many cases, the lack of resources for mainstreaming efforts can be a result of insufficient focus on gender equality within oiganisalions. This challenge has been cited by about 30% of countries responding to the questionnaire.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Box 3 discusses REDD further. Markets for emission reduction credits from Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) are anticipated to generate a US$30 billion annual revenue stream for developing nations, stimulating an exponential increase in demand for carbon sequestration services from South-East Asian forests in particular. In addition to helping to build capacity for REDD in developing countries, the FCPF also supports the implementation of small-scale REDD pilot projects. Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Thailand and Viet Nam are among 37 which have partnered with the FCPF in the development of national REDD Readiness Plans. Numerous studies warn that once REDD is implemented, the sheer volume of available forest supply could send the market price for tradable carbon tumbling, possibly as much as 75 per cent. Investments in REDD projects could also be subject by the same risky investment patterns and flows that launched the 2008 financial crisis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
It realised from the outset the great importance of adequate rice supplies to maintain political stability. The previous government had been severely disrupted by the social unrest generated by high rice prices. Increasing domestic food production was also an economic priority. With uncertain foreign exchange earnings it had limited ability to pay for food imports.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The introduction of demand-side policies via smart metering and smart grids could in principle provide the necessary tools to allow more active participation of all demand-side actors to price formation thus achieving a more efficient energy only-model (see also Section 6.1). However, in many liberalised power markets, many consumers are exposed neither directly nor indirectly to market prices, for instance due to regulated tariffs. Even reinforcing the demand-side policies previously mentioned will thus not help to stabilise prices. In addition, even under the best of circumstances, consumers will require massive incentives to forego heating, washing, cooking or watching television at the moment they originally desired.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Additionally, respondents noted that work in this area was delayed by slow approval procedures for phase I clinical trials. Notably, the Israeli Ministry of Health has recently set up a national advisory committee to undertake a technology needs assessment and options appraisal for the application of genomic technologies, including next-generation sequencing, to advance public health initiatives efforts in the area of infectious diseases. A strategic plan for capacity building, focusing on implementation of NGS platforms and human resource development, is now pending approval.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The rates for self-employed workers are, on average, similar to those faced by employees, although there are significant differences across countries. Nevertheless, there are important differences in the impact of social contributions across countries, in particular between countries with high rates of self-employed contributions and those where self-employed contributions are set at a fixed amount. As a benchmark, this chapter uses a broad definition of atypical or NSW arrangements that, following international convention, includes any temporary, part-time and own-account self-employment work: taken together, this kind of employment comprises a sizeable share (33%) of total employment in the OECD, shared roughly equally between temporary jobs, permanent part-time jobs and self-employment. The shares of non-standard employment range from a low of under 20% in some eastern European countries to 46% or more in the Netherlands and Switzerland.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Because of their scale, reaching 718 million individuals globally, .and relative cost-effectiveness, small changes in how transfers are designed and delivered, have the potential to influence their impact on IPV at the margin (World Bank 2015). Similarly, given the possibility of backlash and increases in IPV, it is essential that donors and implementing agencies understand these risks and work to minimize unintended harms from such programs. Some have focused largely on quantitative evidence and have grouped IPV outcomes alongside other gendered outcomes such as women’s decision-making, agency, fertility or early marriage, thus providing little understanding of the mechanisms underlying the cash/violence relationship in different contexts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Poverty and living standards of children since the early 1970s. The use of common baseline for countries makes it possible to consider convergence or divergence of living standards between countries. The selection of the reference poverty baseline is necessarily arbitrary, but following (Scruggs and Allan, 2006[i6]), the poverty line prevailing in the United States in 1974 (adjusted for price inflation) was taken as a pre-oil shock benchmark to measure absolute progress in the living standards of low-income families.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The focus is to increase consumption of seafood per capita, which is currently 7.2 kg. Initiatives taken by the government includes gastronomic fairs and exhibitions, and projects to build processing plants and improve selling stalls at small-scale fisheries landing sites in Chile. It is located in Islas Salas y Gomez and is the largest marine protected area in Chile, covering 150 000 km2. Thus, by the end of 2011 and beginning of 2012, a number of farming centres and related processing plants have been certified and other have started the process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
However, weak export performance in 2016/17 prompted the IMF to assess Ethiopia to be at high risk of debt distress at the end of 2017 (IMF, 2017[is]). A foreign exchange crisis in 2018 further highlighted the risks to macroeconomic stability associated with Ethiopia's external imbalances (Bezawagaw et al., Borrowing as a percentage of GDP increased across the two sources of external credit (bilateral loan and private credit). Especially large increments were observed for bilateral loans: loans obtained from bilateral sources were 5.8% of GDP in 2010/11 but increased to 11.9% of GDP in 2015/16.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Introduction M.Mustapha & J.Bangura Sierra Leone beyond Lome: Challenges and Failures T.Zack-Williams The Anatomy of Peacekeeping: ECOMOG's Role in the Sierra Leone Civil War J.Bangura The 1999 Lome Peace Accord and Child Combatants: For Di People? For Di Pikin? Or For the International Community? R.Tynes & C.Speed Shifting Priorities in Child Protection in Sierra Leone since Lome S.Shepler Article 27: Citizens, Refugees, and Relief along the Sierra Leone - Guinea Border M.Douglas Henry The Role of NGOs in the Democratization Process in Post-War Sierra Leone F.M'Cormack-Hale Sierra Leone's Development Challenges V.A.B.Davies Peace-Building and Human Security in Postwar Sierra Leone: A Critical Analysis E.Conteh-Morgan Global Inequalities and Peace in Post-War Sierra Leone M.Mustapha Afterword: The Future of Sierra Leone D.Simpson
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, one initiative, the establishment of the Carte Sanitaire, provides an inventory of all hospitals, their services, resources, equipment, etc, and is expected to contribute to developing a future hospital plan. Most importantly, there is currently no systematic performance evaluation of the health system Having such assessments done periodically could inform policy-making and help achieve the shift that is needed from excessive capacity and overprovision of inpatient care towards seivices at ambulatory and primary care services. Life expectancy in Luxembourg is among the highest in the EU and amenable mortality rates are among the lowest.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
According to recipients, intra-govemmental co-ordination and agreement on roles and responsibilities is key to the effective allocation of domestic and external resources. According to supporters, clearly allocated roles among ministries enhance communication and transparency, enabling donors to identify domestic priorities and to align financing behind these. The results of the interviews revealed that national climate change strategies can provide an effective framework for the inter-ministerial allocation of roles.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In parallel to the increasing trend in self-employment among immigrants and women, the increasing ownership of businesses by migrant women or women of ethnic origins has emerged as a new phenomenon. One question is whether the new niche of migrant women entrepreneurship opens new perspectives for socio-economic cohesion or integration. The present chapter investigates migrant women entrepreneurship from the perspective of motivation, driving forces and gender-based differences.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This included government finance and health officials, at national and provincial levels, and health policy experts from the private sector and academia. Additional meetings and conference calls were carried out after this visit. Population health outcomes have improved on aggregate, thanks in part to gradual increases in health spending over time.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In his chapter on the “paralysis of the labor movement” during the 1920s, Irving Bernstein (1970:83–84) wrote in The Lean Years that “a favorite sport” of journalists “was to denounce the American labor movement” and attribute its weakness to a lack of solidarity among union members, leadership corruption, and other factors. To the historian, organized labor in the 1920s “stood still as the main stream of American society swept by” (Bernstein 1970:84). Not until the late 1940s, after the great union organizing drives and surges in union membership in heavy industry, would organized labor, alongside the state and private corporation, become what C. Wright Mills (1948:223) termed one of the “three powerful bureaucracies in the U.S. political economy.”
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
And it led to major changes in policies and budgets - stimulating extensive operational and technical work and triggering greater investment in prevention and mitigation. This progress was assessed in the 2012 Asia-Pacific Disaster Report (APDR).15 The report found there had been more frequent disasters such as typhoons, floods and landslides and greater damage to property and livelihoods. However, the report also identified continuing weaknesses in a number of countries with limited capacities and resources. The technology for assessing risks and detecting approaching threats has reached a high degree of sophistication.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)