albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Conducted as part of the EU MICRO project[1|. ( This would suggest a low generation of waste compared with many mainland centres although, in some cases, tourism does increase the generation of waste. Unfortunately, many mid-ocean islands, such as Easter Island and Midway Atoll, receive a disproportionate burden of plastic marine litter as a result of long distance transport by surface currents. The Hawaiian Islands lie on the southern edge of the North Pacific sub-tropical gyre and are particularly susceptible to receiving floating debris.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Uncertainty about future risk groups as well as health-related altruism contributes to a more robust public financing. Public funding will be harder to maintain the greater variability there is in disease risk, the greater the proportion of the population that is at high risk of disease, and the more costly the diagnosis and treatment of disease. The role of the public sector in health care insurance and provision is significant in all developed countries and more prominent in the Nordic countries than in most other countries. Hence, the price mechanism will not fulfil its role of allocating resources to and within the health sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The Act also requires the government to include aviation and shipping emissions, or provide an explanation why not, by the end of 2012. This scheme replaced the Energy Efficiency Commitment, with a greater focus on more substantial and robust household energy saving measures such as insulation, and a component targeted at those most vulnerable to fuel poverty. The total lifetime savings required from energy suppliers over the duration of the scheme until 2012 is 293 million tonnes CO2.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Because an agreed composite indicator of access to affordable good-quality housing is not available, the section looks at access, affordability and quality separately. Section 2.1 looks at access discussing the financial and legal arrangements under which households occupy their home - known as housing tenure - and how they relate to the socio-economic characteristics of the occupants, this section also discusses homelessness, i.e. lack of regular access to housing. Section 2.2 measures housing affordability and section 2.3 housing quality, relating them to housing tenure and other socio-economic characteristics of the occupants.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This is partly due to weak regional job creation, but it is also connected to a lack of information from the private sector to orient young professionals toward existing needs and opportunities in the region. Public authorities could strengthen existing institutional mechanisms to intensify a more comprehensive region-wide dialogue between training service providers and the private sector. The resulting information-sharing could allow a more efficient allocation of scarce resources to the large number of training services and providers within the currently highly fragmented workforce development infrastructure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Such benefits may be gained through countries’ national adaptation planning processes as well as processes of preparing national communications. Collecting information for adaptation communications may also help policy makers identify progress towards their national goals or adaptation targets expressed e.g. in nationally determined contributions (NDCs), national adaptation plans or national communications. For instance, information on climate change risk and vulnerability assessments helps a country identify and prioritise its adaptation needs and actions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Diarrhoeal diseases, largely the consequence of faecal contamination of drinking-water supplies, are the major cause for morbidity and mortality in many developing countries, especially among children. Frequent diarrhoeal episodes, even without fatal consequences, disrupt childrens development and education, which, in the longer term, can have serious consequences for sustainable development. It is also one of a group of indicators of ecosystem health.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Finally, the chapter considers how stakeholders can (and have) come together to offer flexible working-time arrangements that help balance paid work with family commitments. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank tmder the terms of international law. There are many' underlying, often interrelated, reasons for doing so. They include fighting child poverty, supporting family well-being, encouraging self-sufficiency, promoting parental labour force participation, and generally promoting gender equality and inclusive growth. However, the focus on the underlying motivations varies by country and over time, which contributes to differences in support systems across the OECD. This chapter assesses recent developments in family policies in Germany, and estimates how they might affect gender equality and economic growth in Germany in the future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The GORE Planning Divisions might play a key role to this effect and could be supported by their investment units, established to evaluate if projects support the realisation of ERD initiatives. There are indications that regional portfolios increasingly integrate projects that involve two or more municipalities in the region.14 However, as long as municipalities have insufficient resources to finance the execution of their main devolved competences, a need to use regional development resources for financing basic local investment and maintenance requirements can persist, making it more difficult to finance the overall development priorities defined in the regional strategies. The plan includes a diagnostic stage of the cities’ main challenges, and a subsequent proposal for a portfolio of projects to be implemented with a long-term perspective. This tool was created after the 2010 earthquake to improve the co-ordination and effectiveness of urban reconstruction efforts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
It then looks in more detail at the performance of the health system as seen from four different vantage points that broadly correspond to the key objectives of health systems. The first objective concerns ensuring that patients can access the care that they need under the Government Guarantee Package on a timely basis. The second concerns the quality of care and whether it is adapted to patient needs. The third key goal concerns the resources allocated to the public health care system and whether this is sustainable over the longer haul.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Perhaps unsurprisingly, many countries that are ranked high on indices of disaster risk and vulnerability are in conflict or post-conflictsituations (Maplec-roft, 2014, UNU, 2013). At the global scale, corruption has reached dimensions that dwarf development efforts (Lewis and Kelman, 2012): global proceeds from criminal activities, corruption and tax evasion that flow freely across international borders are estimated at US$1 trillion to US$1.6 trillion per annum (United Nations and World Bank, 2007). Illicit financial flows from low and middle-income countries from 2003 to 2012 were US$6.6 trillion, equivalent to almost 10 times the flow of overseas development assistance (GFI, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Internal administrative barriers and a lack of incentives may impede students, researchers, professors and administrators to think and act entrepreneurially. Efforts to develop entrepreneurship skills support may not be fully effective because of a missing interface with the local economy’s wider entrepreneurship support system. There is, therefore, a need for the university leadership to create synergies between education, research and entrepreneurship and to establish an incentive and rewards system that targets professors and researchers, administrative personnel or universities as well as students.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The focus of this work will be, amongst others, dental care, pre-hospital care including the ambulance sen/ice, and quality registries. Nevertheless, the focus of most of these has been on monitoring trends in health needs and in health-care activities. In primaiy care, a limited number of activities and outputs are measured, those that are produced focus on basic measures of population health (such as allcause mortality and activity around maternal and child health).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The manufactures exporters — namely, Bangladesh, Cambodia and Haiti — had a mixed growth and employment performance. The employment rate declined in Bangladesh (-0.6 per cent) but grew in Cambodia (5.6 per cent). Haiti not only registered a negative per capita GDP growth rate, it also had a decline in output per worker (i.e., labour productivity fell), in part due to the disastrous economic impact of the 2010 earthquake.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
It closes with a short conclusion. The combined uibanisation level of ASEAN-5 (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries increased from 29.5% in 1980 to 51.4% in 2015, and is expected to reach 67.7% in 2050. The aggregated urban population of these five countries increased from 79 million in 1980 to 271 million in 2015, and is forecasted to reach 452 million in 2050. Most of the population growth is happening in small and medium-sized cities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The resolution of problems related to territorial consolidation and land tenure sometimes exceeds environmental authorities’ capacity and responsibility (TCU, 2013). It will allow landholders that do not meet their forest set-aside obligations to compensate this deficit by buying private property within official protected areas on behalf of the government, thus reducing the burden of territorial consolidation on the public budget. To be operational, the offset mechanism requires the Rural Environmental Cadastre to be fully implemented.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Of this total, 16.3%, or one in six children and adolescents, is living in extreme poverty, understood as at least one severe deprivation. The scourge of extreme poverty thus affects more than 28.3 million individuals. In the countries with the highest overall child poverty (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru and the Plurinational State of Bolivia), on average 72% of children were living in poverty.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The Department is involved in water management activities such as validation of environmental impact assessments. The State Administration for Hydrometeorology (Tajikhydromet) under the Committee on Environmental Protection is the key organization responsible for environmental monitoring in Tajikistan. The Main Department of Geology under the Government (Tajikgeology) carries out monitoring of groundwater levels. Water management is undertaken at the basin level, but responsibilities are still fragmented. The new Law on Waters (2008), which transposes the EU WFD, transferred competencies on water resource management from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy to the Ministry for Environment and Physical Planning. Basin management authorities, the State Environment Inspectorate and other bodies under the Ministry arc responsible for law enforcement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Thus, it has the potential to facilitate smallholder farmers' adaptation to climate change and their becoming more resilient to the increase in climate extremes, while potentially reducing GHG emissions. An example of the use of the EbA approach is in Uganda, where various projects implemented agroforestry, conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management and the establishment of woodlots. The result of these projects were an increase in productivity by conserving soil and water, as well as the use of leguminous cover crops. Further, planting costs were reduced by 75% because of conservation techniques.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Most of the unmet medical needs are attributable to care being too expensive, with waiting lists and geographic barriers accounting for a relatively small share. Disparities in the use of specialist care, diagnostic services and basic medical tests are largely connected to higher health literacy of the well-off (affecting the utilisation rates of preventive services and screening), flat-rate copayments (limiting access to mainly specialist outpatient care for low-income people) and low-quality seivices and long waiting lists (particularly in the southern regions) that lead citizens to turn to private health rare, with ability to pay for those services positively associated with socioeconomic status. The majority of regions have implemented or increased different levels of copayments on pharmaceuticals. Some regions have also implemented user fees for the inappropriate use of emergency services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
For each of these topics different indicators have been developed and the indicator protocols include definitions and the way the data need to be compiled, as well as further references. To measure for example the CO2 emissions the indicator protocol refers to Green House Gas measurement protocol of the WBCSD/World Resource Institute. The information that is reported in a sustainability report according to the GRI guidelines does not only include quantitative indicators but also provides information on the strategy, the organizational profile, the governance processes, the stakeholder engagement processes and the management approach. This information is relevant to obtain the context in which the data are provided. Each organization has a different ambition level and specific sustainability issues and therefore reporting is different for different organizations. The topics and indicators to report on are based on a materiality analysis that the company performs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Standards related to the quality of water supply services and non-revenue water can stimulate more systematic roll out of SWM and related technologies to detect leakage and respond to consumers ’ demand. Guidelines are supported by websites, green products databases, and pro forma requests for tenders. The Green Purchasing Network arguably is the most active international network in this area. Initiatives in this area could enhance K-SMW’s competitiveness vis-a-vis standard water supply services for Korean cities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Maritime transport is especially important for the Pacific islands, as it is the mode of transport for more than 90 per cent of trade in the subregion, as well as for provision of crucial services, such as health care, employment and education, to outer island dwellers. Available from http://data.unescap.org/escap_stat laccessed 15 dune 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Hence, to include water use in this model, data for these 150 industries on water use has to be at hand. Until recently, such figures have not been available and water has been excluded from the analyses on the interactions between the Finnish economy and the environment performed by using this model (e.g., Koskela et al. In the international scientific literature, modelled data, prone to errors and inconsistencies of an unknown level, are almost exclusively used for the water-related input-output analyses (e.g., Steen-Olsen etal.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The costs of not taking the opportunity will undoubtedly be even higher. Children need to be supported and protected from avoidable ‘falling behind’ at all stages of their development, but the point of greatest leverage is the point at which the process begins. In this sense the metric used -the degree of bottom-end inequality in child well-being — is a measure of the progress being made towards a fairer society.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
As part of the Orange River Development Project, another dam - Vanderkloof Dam - was built downstream in 1977 to generate hydropower, the Gariep Dam controls water from Vanderkloof Dam (Anon, 2016a). However, irrigation charges have been increased to cover operational costs. The initial rate for agricultural water use was 4% of gross income per morgen of land (about R12/morgen). However, initial analysis showed it should be more than R502/morgen (1 morgen equals approximately 0.2 to 1 ha).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Decisions should not be based on initial costs, but on a long-term perspective based on the assessment of all the costs and benefits of urbanisation. A balance between urban and mral development could help make better investment decisions that prepare for natural and man-made disasters. View the economic and social realities of the country through the lens of the right geographic scale, to identify appropriate policy packages.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The scale of the market is increasing, and it is expected to be 400 million tonnes of C02 worldwide in 2010 (Takeda, 2009). Furthermore, in March 2008, the Commission for Certification Criteria for VER Using Carbon Offsetting was established. This body considered system design issues of VER and third-party verification, and in November 2008 released the “Implementation Rules for Offsetting and Carbon Credit (J-VER)”.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Industry and waste are also of concern: cases of maximum concentration values for NH,, organic substances and Pb exceeding threshold values for drinking water have been recorded in certain wells in the area. All are, however, of low importance. Nutrient pollution has been observed in some vulnerable zones.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The Human Rights Committee has joined other rights-monitoring bodies in recommending legal reform to eliminate child marriage. The decline, which has been rapid in some countries, is attributed largely to a decrease in very early arranged marriages (World Health Organization, 201 lb). Still, one girl in 10 has a child before the age of 15 in Bangladesh, Chad, Guinea, Mali, Mozambique and Niger, countries where child marriage is common. In this region, such births are projected to rise slightly through 2030.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In particular, the move from employment to unemployment has been shown to exert a strong negative effect on people’s subjective well-being. Unemployment is also the variable that has repeatedly been used in the literature on the measurement of living standards and well-being (Fleurbaey and Gaulier, 2009). At the same time, neither unemployment nor employment rates may be particularly meaningful in developing countries and emerging-market economies unless it is possible to capture informal employment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The patenting regime is currently experiencing a significant amount of upheaval, particularly in China and the United States. This makes it harder to predict the prospects of a successful grant. Furthermore, prior to publication, the existence of patent applications is not verifiable using statutory databases, meaning there is always a potentially substantial backlog of competitor activity that is not visible, also, since companies do not always keep these systems fully up-to-date in terms of legal ownership, the information that is visible is not always entirely accurate. Even when granted, in addition to the ‘"normal” uncertainties present in IP rights (summarised in Part 3), the monopolistic rights associated with patents make them particularly susceptible to legal challenge, and defence can be costly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The chapter argues for the need to sharpen the focus of these assessments in several ways, targeting the importance of bringing inequalities to the fore. It is also argued that engaging stakeholders (policymakers, experts and researchers, vulnerable groups and local communities) in the design of policy scenarios and in the discussion of policy options is critical to strengthening the political process through which policy decisions are made. Bringing forth the evidence provided by integrated climate impact assessments with full transparency regarding both the use of data and the assumptions built into the modelling tools that facilitate those assessments will critically improve the knowledge base, policy options and political processes in countries seeking to build climate change resilience as an integral part of sustainable development policies. In addition, chapter III focuses on areas where capacities need to be strengthened so that developing countries can expand the construction and use of assessments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This system employs the United Tariff Rate to pay employees allowing little flexibility in salaries across staff or across institutions. In 2008, the government introduced a reform of wages and salaries setting in the public sector. The new approach allows greater flexibility to hospital managers, who will be able to decide on the number of employees and their remuneration level under a pre-determined budget envelope. Although the Russian Federation has had a long tradition in this area, inadequate attention has been given to chronic diseases, which now makes up the bulk of morbidity both in the Russian Federation and elsewhere.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Attendance is almost universal at these two levels, which contrasts with low attendance rates in pre-primary education. The size and location of schools are key distinctive features of the Kazakh school network. Urban schools tend to suffer from a shortage of student places and operate in multiple shifts. In contrast, low density of population and a policy that favours universal access have resulted in a large number of small-class schools (about 50% of all schools). Student learning outcomes, as measured by PISA, are considerably below the OECD average. The difference in the mean performance in mathematics suggests that Kazakh 25-year-olds are on average two years behind their peers in OECD countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
However, technological advances are not a guarantee of greater or of stable trade growth or economic integration. In fact, over the past two centuries, it has been the ability to manage technology-driven structural changes that has largely determined whether global trade integration has progressed or regressed. The Internet of Things (loT), artificial intelligence (Al), 3D printing and Blockchain have the potential to profoundly transform the way we trade, who trades and what is traded.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In the light of the debates and developments surrounding religion, and in view of the impact of religious and cultural diversity and human rights in the educational context worldwide, and in the South African educational context in particular, this article will try to explain what has led to these changes and academic debates. The implementation of the National Policy on Religion and Education in September 2003 seems to be superficial in nature and it appears as if transformation is not taking place. This article argues from theoretical and practical descriptions that in order to implement religion teaching and learning in tertiary and school education in general, a hermeneutical framework and an understanding of social constructivism may have the propensity to contribute to religion teaching and learning.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This would be prohibitive for many small operators, developing countries in particular have raised concerns about costs. Certification costs vary according to certifiers and their audit fees. Certifiers present concurred with this and argued that as they became more familiar with the criteria of any scheme, they also became more efficient and hence could contain costs. Currently the costs of certification are generally borne by harvesters.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)