albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
One option w'ould therefore be to lengthen the trial period so that firms are more willing to hire and experiment with new workers. These types of contractual arrangements may be of particular interest to youth since workers under such contracts tend to receive more training than workers in standard fixed-term contracts, are assisted in finding assignments, and gain a wide range of experience (OECD, 2013). In some countries, workers are hired by agency firms under open-ended contracts, and even receive an (albeit low) wage in-between assignments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The training included the preparation of flight plans, arming and manoeuvring drones, image processing and mapping with high-resolution images. The maps generated enable the authorities to guide decision making for the protection, management and conservation of their forests and natural resources, thus contributing to Sustainable Development Goals 13 and 15 linked to ecosystem and climate change. In addition, community monitoring should obtain information that is of interest to the communities and territories involved. This information collected in the territories can provide data for the National System of Forest Monitoring. However, certain steps should be taken to ensure Free, Prior Informed Consent (FPIC)4 for the exchange of information at each level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Since 1983, approximately 3.7 million ha have been allocated to households and individuals (long et al., The 5MHRP, Degraded Forest Land Allocation (FLA) scheme and National Mangrove Restoration and Development Plan for 2008-2015 have all allocated considerable areas of forest land to local households and communities, which have been reforested (Clement et al., The 5MHRP has provided local people with payments, tax incentives and favourable loans for forest protection (Binh 2003).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In addition, the Icelandic company Samherji HF owns harvesting interests in the UK, Germany and Poland and Aker Seafoods of Norway has interests in a Spanish harvesting company. Most OECD and non-OECD countries have various regulations in place that try to reserve domestic resources for domestic fishers. To overcome these restrictions, harvesting companies often use local companies, joint operations, service arrangements, and vessel operating agreements, etc. However, two factors are very important before foreign investments can take place in the harvesting sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Bringing together Muslim women from across geographical borders has been important in building solidarity, and women across the world realize that they are not working in isolation, but that they are fighting similar battles. Musawah’s transnational ties represent a channel that is important to women activists in sharing information and strategy. Musawah has established an affinity group for young women advocates, the Young Women's Caucus, in which some 30 Muslim women under age 35 are working on issues among young Muslim women and based on the Musawah framework. Social and economic norms that cast men as breadwinners and women as caregivers shape how young women find marriage partners even if the realities are somewhat different for other reasons. The idea that higher education is inappropriate for women, especially if the education would require women to live far from home, is an obstacle in some settings, mainly in lower class and suburban areas. The family is also a key source of emotional and social support for many young women.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Of the five models compared, the one with the most detailed representation of end-use technologies found “energy efficiency and end-use technologies constitute first rank options to cope with severe climate constraints” (Kitous et al., This includes rapid penetration by mid-century of electric vehicles and low-energy buildings, with the diffusion dynamics of both end-use technologies modeled endogenously. The policy-induced technological change in climate change mitigation scenarios is a major point of departure from historical energy transitions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
However, it does not include information on when licences are applied for (while providing the date of issue), nor on the reasons for and conditions on the numerous licence transfers. There is also a problem at present with accessing the area covered by petroleum licences in the Ministry of Mining and Heavy Industry database. In addition, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism is not providing the most recent data on receipts to its special fund for mining rehabilitation, arguing that this is not permitted by banking legislation. Further, though licence holders provide information to the EITI, they are often unwilling to present the same information on their own websites, thus reducing transparency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Political, legal and economic institutions will determine the limits and effectiveness of each stakeholder in achieving its objectives. These factors are then illustrated in the context of the fisheries sector, from a general perspective, in order to provide a framework for the country case studies. The political economy literature also highlights the problems of sustaining policy reform in the face of pressure from social actors to reverse some or all of the policy changes once they have been implemented.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
This exhibit is based on prior OECD work (OECD, 2009), with minor amendments to the functional category descriptions. However, experience and evidence in the literature suggest that while capacity varies greatly among developing countries, most often capacity is relatively low. In view of the major environmental challenges outlined in Chapter 3, and the key role of government in addressing these challenges, capacity development in government is a high priority. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Japan successfully tested the use of this coal with an ash content of less than 0.2% in gas turbines (SKM, 2009). This impurity level should not cause major problems in the gas turbine. Initial estimates suggest that the fuel cost in Australia would be rather high, ASD 0.05 to ASD 0.08 per kWh, compared to ASD 0.02 per kWh for regular hard coal. Cost may come down as the technology develops.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Poverty reduction was featured as the first and pre-eminent goal. At the end of the 1990s, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund had incorporated a linkage between market-oriented structural adjustment policies and the poverty agenda within the revised framework for the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs), making the formulation of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) a precondition for the receipt of debt relief under the heavily indebted poor countries Initiative. However, the Goals, per se, do not encompass any particular strategy for achieving those objectives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
No more than 40% of Seguro Popular funds can go to human resources, no more than 30% can be spent on pharmaceuticals and a minimum of 20% can be spent on preventive activities. Yet beyond these figures, there is no clear resource allocation strategy at the state level, leaving states responsible for how they spend resources within these restrictions. The one exception is for public health interventions, where states make decisions in conjunction with the Ministry of Health to decide how they should allocate their spending on prevention activities. Similar shared decision-making approaches could possibly be employed for other types of spending, particularly for states with managerial capacity constraints. There remains a need for better accountability of how funds for health are used and for incentives and indicators to ensure that money is well spent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The nt are whether countries are part of a free trade agreement, whether they are The determinants of information and transaction costs taken into account are ation that remains unexplained by our variables. Furthermore, transaction costs are high for cross-border trade because of different institutional frameworks and the need for cross-border financial transactions and currency conversions. The last category includes policy measures that make access to the domestic market relatively more difficult for foreign firms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
There are also payments related to placement of nursing staff for Overnight Stay-based Training for Independence Support and placement of health care professionals for disability welfare services and they make it possible for individuals to live in the community while receiving health-related support. Nursing outreach visits and community oriented services in private hospitals and clinics have been established in order to support early discharge. The numbers of psychiatric day care centres, private psychiatric outpatients’ clinics and social rehabilitation facilities have also increased. In addition, the MHLW provides subsidies for “Child mental health care network” projects implemented by prefecture. However, there is a shortage of hub hospitals which specialise in care for children’s mental health, with just 21 hospitals with specialised child and adolescent wards across Japan. “ Hikikomori”, a group identified in Japan generally understood to be reclusive adolescents or young adults who withdraw from social life, often seeking extreme degrees of isolation and confinement, are a particular cause for concern.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
They can also take the form of lengthy port-handling or custom procedures. One characteristic of NTMs is that they otten lead to fixed costs for exporters - costs that do not change with the number or amount of products exported. Unlike large companies, most SMEs do not possess in-house trade or international departments with experts who know how to efficiently overcome relevant trade costs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In addition to political will, this package requires governments to mobilize sufficient resources. In order to close income, health and care gaps, for example, a quarter of countries (41 out of 155 studied) could implement the required policies for less than 3 per cent of GDP, just over half of the countries (79) could do so for less than 5 per cent of GDP. For one fifth of countries, these policies would cost more than 10 percent of GDP, which means that additional international support would be required.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
One approach is to draw on self-selection. An example for this method is the Projet d'irrigation et de gestion de I'eau a petite echelle (PIGEPE) project in Burkina Faso, which provides micro-irrigation kits only attractive to farmers with small landholdings. Only farmers who are part of the target group will acquire these kits. For example, participation in the programmes of the Chilean public Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario (INDAP) is open only to small family farmers who fulfil the following economic criteria: their agricultural assets may not exceed a value of approximately US$140 000, the area under their cultivation must be below a location-specific limit, and agriculture must be the households' main source of income.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The brokers have been successful in matching 50 people with jobs and stimulating the key businesses in the market to the opportunities provided by unemployed people. As these approaches are rolled out more widely the Greater London Authority will build future local employment and skills requirements directly into the contracts as part of their Responsible Procurement code. This suggests a considerable knowledge gap between front-line advisors in the mainstream system potentially limiting the number of jobs opened up to unemployed people.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
A better overview of how these different actor groups are relevant to green business models is provided later in Section 2.3. The distribution of the 22 interviewed organisations between these business types and in geographic coverage can be seen in Figure 2. Nearly a quarter of interviewed companies have full Nordic coverage (mostly manufacturers and network service providers). It should be noted that a number of companies could fit into more than one of the categories.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Committee members represent non-governmental actors and government officials connected to each specific commodity. Moreover, in some cases these committees have taken on a more political than technical character. Regions within Morelos are identified by areas having a significant production of a particular crop or commodity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This chapter reviews changes and continuities for the development of International Political Economy (IPE) in the twenty-first century. We highlight four themes, which authors in this handbook subsequently explore. These include necessary adaptations of IPE theory in response to changing global conditions, how global reordering affects global economic governance, production, and power relations, the diverse global crises to which actors must respond, often under intense time pressure, and a variety of emerging IPE issues on which we need new and/or more attention from IPE scholars and students. We conclude by identifying five trends which we argue would help enhance IPE understandings, ensure the policy relevance of our discipline, and prepare our students in the coming decade.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In this sense, performance indicators are blunt instruments of control, which, inappropriately used, may have undesirable effects on the system that is monitored. Such effects can be minimised by a good understanding of the system and broad agreement on a set of performance indicators that are sufficiently nuanced. It may be systematic or ad hoc (OECD, 2010a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This flat-topped seamount measures approximately 120 km in diameter at the base and rises 1500 m above the adjacent bathyal plain, with a summit 756 m below sea level. The high faunal diversity and density indicate a uniquely rich environment in the Levant basin, possibly an isolated refuge for relict populations of species that have disappeared from the adjacent continental slope. This area likely represents one the most pristine environments found in the Mediterranean Sea, and therefore its protection fromfishingactivitiesisconsideredapriority (GFCM, 2005). The coral colonies consist of bioconstructed buildups mostly located on muddy mounds widespread in the study area. Other important taxa (Foraminifera, Porifera, Brachiopoda, Anellida, etc.) These species also contribute to the complexity of the Lophelia reef community, with the presence of many suspension feeders and a complex trophic system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Under the influence of climate change, rainfall is predicted to decrease by 3-4% and run-off to decrease by 5-10%. Groundwater levels arc expected to decrease, with minor changes in groundwater quality. The 64-km river has its source in Turkey from springs on Goze Mountain (Goze Dagi), and discharges into the Kura River. In the part of the basin that is Georgia’s territory, the surface water resources are estimated, based on observations from 1936 to 1990, to be approximately 0.672 km3/year, about 14,400 m3/year/capita. In Georgia’s part of the basin, water withdrawal is 9.156 x 106 m3/year, with 78% withdrawn for energy, 13% for agricultural purposes, 4% for domestic uses and 5% for industry. Animal husbandry and agriculture are the main sources of income, and are increasing in the Turkish territory in the Kura basin (see assessment of the Kura).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Capital invested into a number of other sugar processing companies. Reformed into a joint-stock company under Decision No. There were almost 62 500 such groups in 2013, up from about 50 OOO in 1996. In comparison to formal co-operatives, many of these are located in the Mekong River Delta (MRD) region (29%).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
While in some countries gains in life expectancy have outpaced gains in living standards, in others the reverse has been observed. The Russian Federation saw life expectancy decline in the 1990s, due largely to societal changes, increases in external causes of death and other risk factors such as excess consumption of alcohol, there is evidence that this trend is now reversing and life expectancy has started to increase again (Popov, 2011). In South Africa, life expectancy has also fallen recently because of the devastating HIV/AIDS epidemic. Years gained are calculated starting from 1961 for Canada, New Zealand and Italy. For the Russian Federation the gain is nil.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The definition “good status” follows the EU Water Framework Directive. A quantitatively good status requires that abstractions do not have a significant impact on related surface water bodies. These wetlands and their small ponds make a very large contribution to bio-diversity in semi-arid climates. By offering breeding grounds for migratory species they also have considerable international significance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
A number of “scales” exist for such adjustment. In this analysis, total household income is divided by the square root of household size. While almost two-thirds of OECD countries provide some estimates of non-cash income components such as imputed rents, the high heterogeneity in the methodology applied for deriving such figures makes them unsuited to cross-country comparisons.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
All large metropolitan areas in Germany have set up a metropolitan transport authority- called Verkehrsverbund. Such transport authorities usually bring together all local governments located in the metropolitan area as well as the corresponding Land (or Lander if there are several of them, as in the case of Hamburg). The creation of such metropolitan transport authorities has facilitated the expansion of the public transport supply, as illustrated in the example of Frankfurt (Box 1.9).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the impact of a major initiative (the National Competition Policy) and pieces of legislation (the Local Government Act and the Local Government Finance Standards) on the internal practices of a large Australian local authority.Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical framework is developed using new public management (NPM) and neo‐institutional theory literatures to explain the findings. A case study approach was applied to collect the data for the research.Findings – The findings reveal that the National Competition Policy 1993, the Local Government Act 1993 and the Local Government Finance Standards 1994 mainly have brought about significant changes to the organisation's internal management control processes, such as financial reporting, budgeting and performance appraisal. The changes brought in appeared to be coincidentally similar to NPM ideals. Furthermore, senior managers (such as the chief executive and divisional heads) played a major role in ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Promoting a vision of small-scale farming rooted in agroecological techniques, local markets and food sovereignty (Borras, 2004, McMichael, 2009), some strands, though by no means all, emphasize the rights of women as small-scale food producers. The National Association of Rural and Indigenous Women in Chile, with its 10,000 members, is linked to La Via Campesina and is launching an agroecology institute to train women smallholder farmers in South America.14 Other examples include movements initiated by groups of poor urban dwellers in many cities in Asia, Africa and Latin America, linking well-being and rights to homes and livelihoods with the design of decent, sustainable urban spaces (Satterthwaite, Mitlin and Patel, 2011). In the case of Shack/Slum Dwellers International, groups initiated around women's savings and credit associations and waste-pickers cooperatives have networked into a federated global structure that now covers 33 countries, linking local action with campaigning around global agendas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The NBI experience illustrates the importance of using both technical information and informal processes to build trust among states, and the value of hvolving a variety of stakeholders in the dialogue. While the etforts of more than ten years have been significant, the most challenging issues remain unaddressed, namely reaching a consensus between all ten countries on new levels of water allocation based on changing needs and demands. The aim of the request was to help resolve tensions that were caused by uncertainty over the drivers of environmental change and implications for water availability. The study, released in 2005, helped identify the main phases of environmental change in the wetlands over the past 30 years together with the key drivers, tx>th natural and human-induced.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This article provides an overview of the interdisciplinary field of disability studies. It highlights the social model of disability, a foundational analytic framework within disability activism, practice, and scholarship. Through explicating and historicizing the emergence of disability as a social category, the article offers the social sciences an emancipatory lens through which to reflexively examine and dislodge disabling assumptions and practices. The article concludes by illustrating how disability studies can complement and expand the social justice orientations of contemporary social science research and practice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Accordingly, the four pillars of gender equality in e-Government emerged from the research, which include: women’s access to ICT, capacity development for women, online public service outreach for women, and women’s participation in online public process. It should be the specific situation of a country’s advancement and capacity in those four pillars that jointly influence the scope and priority of objectives for gender equality in e-Government. It should be noted that the two concepts, gender equality and empowerment of women, are different in their meanings - gender equality emphasizes remedying the existing inequality between men and women which reproduces further inequalities with negative consequences for women’s well-being, while empowerment of women does not have a connotation of gender disparities and focuses on the changes needed for women to realize her full human rights (UNFPA, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
They also seek to improve the environmental performance of all operators involved in the life cycle of EEE. Any discharge, dumping, storage, accumulation or injection of this type of waste requires prior authorization. It also introduces the need for programmes for the gradual reduction, and ultimate elimination, of pollution caused by waste from Ti(>2 manufacturing facilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
There are no common standards of collection and use of data, some registers are not electronic, and information systems are not mutually compatible. The implementation of the new legislation on information systems and of the “e-health” programme, which is planned to be completed by 2015, should improve the situation. Another possibility is that the illness resolves itself while waiting for treatment. A more subtle argument arises from the existence of a private-sector alternative.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The first stage consists in selecting participating schools and the second stage consists of selecting one (or more) intact classrooms from the target grade of each participating school. Contextual data are collected from students and teachers, school principals, and their parents via background questionnaires. The number of participating countries has increased from 32 in 2000 to over 70 in 2015.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)