albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Three of the agreements concluded under the auspices of the Convention are relevant to Israel: Populations of European Bats (EUROBATS), Cetaceans of the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS), and African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA). Israel ratified the Convention in 1978, and is a signatory to the Protocol on Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity. These targets are to be developed in the future as part of the NBS roadmap.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Version 2.0 based on HTML5 has now been published. The system facilitates the offering of services through a combination of broadcast and broadband telecommunication resources and features. The latest specifications considered most of the requirements in Recommendations ITU-R BT.2053 [10.3] and ITU-T J.205 [10.4] including broadcast centric scenario.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In response, the city embarked on a resilience-building project which integrates climate vulnerability assessments and micro planning and implementation. It was designed, implemented and monitored using a community-led bottom-up approach which began with the identification of climate vulnerabilities. Some key lessons have been derived from that experience.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The more successful countries, however, have not been those that followed strategies focusing on overcoming a single major constraint, but rather the ones able to effectively find a degree of coherence among different levels of development policy effective enough to usher in the conditions necessary for poverty reduction. The main determinants in the more successful cases are discussed below. While they do not necessarily constitute a blueprint for guaranteed success in other contexts, they do provide lessons on how to tailor development strategies to national requirements. In their in-depth study of several developing economies, Besley and Cord, eds. ( However, initial equality may be more important for if growth proceeds from an initial egalitarian distribution, then it has a greater poverty reduction effect. This has been borne out by countries that have proved successful in reducing poverty despite rising income inequality during periods of growth acceleration, with China being the most prominent example, along with Viet Nam.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
One of the outcomes of resources obtained was the creation of a bank of genetic resources, the Gene bank, and the creation of certifications. This was based on a National Capacity Self-Assessment (NCSA) on some of the MEAs that Lesotho is a party to, funded by GEF. The strategy includes plans to enhance capacity so that the country can make meaningful progress in managing its environment and biodiversity. Instead, the National Coordination Strategy formally sets out the Government’s aim to take an integrated approach to the mobilisation of resources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This article surveys common-law jurisdictions, finding that the typical response to a homicide charge against a child is prosecution and sentencing in the adult jurisdiction. Reforms, such as alter...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Even though multiple simultaneous barriers are common in Estonia, they are less so than in other countries covered by this project. Table Al and A2 in Annex 1 report employment barriers and a range of demographic and socio-economic characteristics (such as gender, age, poverty risks, etc.) This information helps to attach indicative labels or “faces” to the members of the nine groups. The sizes of these groups, along with suggested labels are reported in Table 3.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The main legal question in the judgment of 20 February 2013 of the Danish Supreme Court in Case 199/2012 was which procedure Denmark should have followed for approving the Lisbon Treaty. The Constitutional Act of Denmark (Grundloven henceforth the Constitution) set out two different procedures for Danish participation in international cooperation. By prescribing different degrees of involvement for Parliament and the electorate, the two procedures reflect differences in the intensity of the cooperation. However, the case also raises some broader questions about the separation of powers between the legislature and the courts, about the role of the people and the concept of democracy, about constitutional interpretation (and how and who should interpret), about the grey areas between political and legal statements, and about constitutional identity and the need for constitutional revision
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This article identifies the major forces militating against the promotion of women's rights in the Sudan. These factors are intimately linked to the country's multiple political disputes including Darfur and southern Sudan. The effects of political violence is elaborated through a detailed examination of women’s political, economic and cultural rights. The article concludes by identifying the promotion of good governance and democratization as fundamental pre-requisites for advancing human rights and sustainable peace in the war-torn nation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The discrepancy between the deprivation rates for younger and older children depends on the deprivation levels of the age-specific dimensions, i.e. nutrition and health for the first age-group and information and education for the second. This ratio ranges between 0 and 1, with zero showing no deprivation (according to the cut-off chosen) and one showing that everyone included in the analysis is deprived in all the dimensions analysed. In the thirty countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the adjusted multidimensional deprivation ratio is 0.42 when using a threshold of two deprivations (i.e., children are multidimensionally deprived if they suffer from two to five deprivations).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The reforms include fundamental changes to health care financing and planning, health promotion and care coordination. Sound governance, accountability and oversight are needed to ensure these reforms do indeed result in better outcomes for the Polish people. Health Policy, Vol 119, pp. How Poland Can Accelerate Growth with Inclusion", World Bank, Washington.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Significant restructuring of the region’s economy over the past twenty years has transformed the demand for skills, making it more difficult for low-skilled workers to find employment in more knowledge-based, innovation-driven, growing sectors. Despite the higher-than-average levels of educational attainment in the region, chronic low graduation rates from the region’s public post-secondary educational institutions, particularly community colleges, slows the upgrading of the region’s workforce. Further, the increase in specialisation towards higher value-added activities in the Chicago Tri-State metro-region has not gone hand in hand with an increase of the share of the labour force with high qualifications.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
These figures are distinctly higher than the 4.7% among countries with a high HDI - but only slightly higher than the average of 7.3% among the OECD countries in 2014 (OECD, 2015a). The largest unemployment rates can be found among women, among the poor and young population and among residents of rural areas, specifically in the Chorotega and Central Pacific regions. In a national university study it was estimated that the economic value of unpaid household work made by women in Costa Rica represents 16% of GDP in bigger urban areas (IDESPO-UNA, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This forms part of the thinking in terms of Safe System. This approach is even preferable if enough knowledge is available. Of course the Safe System approach also requires that priorities must be set, for which cost-benefit considerations will be of great help. However, if we are aware of major relevant changes to the road transport system, it is not justified to extrapolate trends from the past.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Over the past three decades, feminist scholars have collectively produced a coherent and substantial body of research and established feminist rhetoric as a discipline. This article argues for linking feminist rhetoric with comparative rhetoric so as to open up conversations about theories, methodologies, and processes between the two fields. Examining a hybrid feminist discourse through early-twentieth-century Chinese women's texts, the author suggests that we rethink feminist rhetoric and historiography from a cross-cultural perspective and that Chinese women's rhetorical practices—negotiating cultural flux in contact zones—can be used as a model for current feminist scholarship. As the discipline moves toward a new dialogic paradigm, such a cross-cultural frame can help us examine our assumptions, reconsider our priorities, and discover and develop multiple local terms and concepts in reading texts across various historical periods and social, cultural, and geopolitical boundaries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
At different periods each processor may find h in both roles. On the other hand, there have also been instances during droughts where processors faced with massive deliveries of animals for slaughter have broken contracts. As a result, when supply is low and/or there is over capacity in processing there are procurement battles that destabilise the industry, similarly when supply is high and processing is tight, mutuality is compromised.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
While it was non-binding prior to that - only 3% of workers benefitted- it was subsequently increased by 70% in real terms in 2005 (Saget, 2008). The situation is similar in the Philippines or Thailand, where minimum wages represent high shares of average wages yet apply only to a fraction of the workforce. The adjustment of minimum wages to increases in the CPI was frozen in 2009 due to the crisis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Lastly, table 9 shows the percentage of the total multiplier resulting from the direct and indirect effects in the forestry and hunting sector. In the next step the total impact in terms of open and closed-loop effects was deconstructed to ascertain which of the two effects was stronger. An analysis of multipliers in terms of elasticity provides the answer.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Greenland is also looking at other renewable energy sources, while the country’s own energy utility company is researching into hydrogen technology for energy storage. Energy savings are also on the national agenda. For example, in 2012 Greenland will be the first country to have 100% coverage with remote monitoring of energy meters which help end users keep control of their energy consumption and encourage them to reduce it. One such project currently under way is the establishment of an aluminium smelting plant.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Maastricht University applies PBL in all of its programmes with the aim to generate students that are independent, entrepreneurial problem-solvers. The university employs various versions of PBL as an educational model simulating a research-oriented working environment that gives students skills that they will take with them into their careers. For example, the Maastricht Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences was one of the first universities in Europe to implement PBL as the dominant educational strategy in medical education. The School of Business and Economics at Maastricht University has been using PBL in all of its degree programmes for over 20 years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
These efforts should of course be consistent with any strategies to eradicate poverty and national development plan(s) or planning. Planning, monitoring and reporting at scale will also be required at the national level demanding new data collection analysis and additional resources for this including relevant expertise in government. Maximising the effectiveness of sustainable development finance, including climate finance, will be critical to meeting the targets set out under the SDGs. Environment and climate change mainstreaming has been a practice of OECD DAC members for over a decade (see for example ENVIRONET publications on mainstreaming adaptation into development cooperation, OECD 2009) and the UNFCCC stresses the importance of integrating climate change adaptation into mainstream decision making (see for example LDC Expert Group, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Vocational Training: International Perspectives, Routledge, New York. All polytechnic colleges are public and charge relatively low tuition fees. Access to polytechnics is selective. While the vast majority of entrants are recent high school graduates, an increasing share of entrants hold postsecondary qualifications (up to 6.3% in 2010 from 0.6% in 2003): in 2010 5% of entrants had a junior college degree and 1.3% a university degree.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This was vividly demonstrated when the WTO's Appellate Body ruled in favour of Antigua and Barbuda in its dispute with the USA over measures applied by central, regional and local authorities in the USA that affected the cross-border supply of gambling and betting services. Antigua and Barbuda is yet to recourse to the favourable ruling. Many observers however caution that accessing the WTO dispute settlement system is challenging for capacity-constrained countries such as least-developed countries (LDCs).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
It needs also to be borne in mind that while the returns to lower-secondary education have declined over time, those to post-secondary education have risen (Lemieux, 2006, Machado and Mata, 2001), an indication that the demand for skills has outpaced its supply, which is possibly associated with skill-biased technological change. Empirical evidence suggests that any negative effects of tuition fees on participation rates can be fully offset through improvements in the financial support for students (OECD, 2008c, Heller, 1999). For a discussion on the practical implementation of income-contingent loans and student financial support schemes see OECD (2008c).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
And they need to clearly distinguish among policies to prevent impoverishment, help people escape poverty and address the root causes of poverty. Establishing a target for each of these trajectories would help to improve the quality of policies. What would such targets look like? Whether the new framework helps to make that noble objective possible will depend on how many “distractions” it contains and how the poverty eradication goal is framed. Who are the chronically poor?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
However, the installation of these additional electricity meters and transitioning from the existing electricity billing system to a modem multifunctional billing system faced some delays. About 10 per cent of the country’s population lives in remote, mountainous, off-grid areas (in valleys with small rivers and streams), where off-grid renewable energy solutions make more economic sense. To date, no comprehensive study has been carried out to assess the potential of RES in the country. The strongest winds are observed in mountainous areas, w'here the landscape produces the country’s maximum wind speed and flows, as well as in Sughd Oblast and the Rasht Valley.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
To enhance labour productivity, the government needs to reduce the share of informal employment, which remains high vis-a-vis the OECD average. High severance pay has reduced employers’ incentives to formalise employment relationships, trapping informal workers in low-productivity jobs without access to formal training. Reducing severance pay while further expanding unemployment insurance, would go a long way towards a Chilean model of "flexicurity”, characterised by more flexible employment relationships that would, nonetheless, grant better protection to workers. Openness to trade and foreign investment has intensified competition in domestic markets and facilitated access to imported intermediate goods.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Case studies suggest that their stockholding programmes were able to reduce aggregate price volatility over time. Mason and Myers (2013) show that Zambia’s FRA stabilised maize market prices between 1996 and 2008. However, maize price volatility in Kenya and Zambia between 2005 and 2011 was higher than in South Africa, which is the international reference price for Eastern and Southern Africa and does not have buffer stocks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Intentional aquifer recharge2 (Dillon, 2004) can result from different techniques (Tuinhof and Heederik, 2003) among which aquifer storage and recovery (injection of water into a well for storage and recovery in the same well) or infiltration ponds (ponds constructed off-stream where surface water is diverted and allowed to infiltrate to the underlying unconfined aquifer). For small volumes of water, aquifer recharge can be more economical than building storage dams that might lead to significant evaporation losses in arid countries. Many alternative water supply options have been developed in different parts of the world. Indirect wastewater re-use involves the mixing of reclaimed wastewater with another water supply source before re-use.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
By contrast, the territories with the best results are usually the national capitals or largest metropolitan areas. Peru and the Plurinational State of Bolivia. For a description of the methodology, see ECLAC (2017b| annex 1. The population in the high-development bracket amounts to 158 million, representing 32% of the total population of the eight countries and generating 47% of their GDRThe differences between the strata are also very marked in terms of the social indicators of life expectancy, infant mortality, illiteracy and access to drinking water (see figure V.2).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This allows an analysis of the population of founders seeking financing in a way that has not previously been possible, and a direct investigation of whether and why gender appeals to be an important determinant of fundraising success. Examples include (but are not restricted to) Alexy et al. ( First, Crunchbase cannot avoid selection, insofar as start-ups initially may also seek other platforms or ways to receive financing. This does not necessarily pose a problem for investigating the gender gap, as long as there are no grounds to think that this self-selection is related to gender.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The original contributions can be found in full in an OECD Education Working Paper, Peterson, A. et al. ( Amelia Peterson's first contribution on pedagogy and purpose, and Hanna Dumont’s contribution on adaptive teaching, are wide-ranging in scope and cover a broad range of pedagogical approaches. These are followed by Amelia Peterson's analyses of combinations of pedagogies, where it is discussed the role of networks promoting particular innovative approaches.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Its objective is to identify opportunities to improve regulatory and market designs to create a framework for timely and adequate investments, in particular in conventional power plants. These measures constitute a basic package that will bring benefits, not only in terms of security of supply, but also in terms of overall efficiency during the transition to a low carbon economy. First the degree of uncertainty concerning climate policies and the pace of deployment of renewables may magnify risk to such an extent that markets alone are unlikely to deliver efficient and timely investment responses.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This situation is further complicated by the very low collection rate of water user charges, which for household ranges between 12 per cent and 80 per cent of the bill sent by the water utility, with a nationwide average of 45 per cent (Chapter 5). The responsibility of monitoring of the drinking water quality is under the Food Safety, Veterinary and Plant Protection Department under the Ministry of Agriculture, which organizes tenders for analysis of the drinking water quality for accredited laboratories. In case of emergency situation results are reported to the municipalities and in case of health risks to the public centre for diseases of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Protection (MHLSP) and even to the Cabinet of Ministers when necessary.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
These numbers are declining, but many people live just above the poverty threshold. So, idiosyncratic or generalized shocks could easily push them back into poverty. Human Development Report Office calculations based on various household surveys, including ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys. In Somalia it affects 60 percent of the population in urban households and over 95 percent of the population in rural households.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Policies to encourage municipality mergers should strengthen the primary care sector. Reforms in the organisation of the hospital sector and emergencies should also improve quality of care and efficiency. Concentration of activity in health centres of sufficient size would generate higher volumes of care conducive to optimal medical practice and economies of scale. Larger health centres can afford more advanced medical equipment, recruit staff more easily and build a stronger medical knowledge base.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The risk analyses and prevention and action plans are conducted in collaboration with prevention advisors and employee representatives. Employers have to appoint a prevention advisor to assist them in implementing the risk prevention policy. For companies with up to 50 employees, the prevention advisor must be from an external provider to avoid conflicts of interest.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The Education Reform Programme meets the same objectives and purpose as the preceding programme, but benefits from an investment increase amounting to MEX 30 189 607 million, which also results in a wider reach as the programme is active in a total of 66 schools in 2015-16 (Gobiemo de Morelos, 2016a). Student books, cafeteria equipment as well as administrative and classroom furniture were some of the additional investments made towards improving school materials and infrastructure (Gobiemo de Morelos, 2016a). Through the Mexico Connected project that aims to expand Internet connection in the state of Morelos, broadband access between 2 and 50MB (megabites) will be installed in educational institutions in two phases. The first phase is planned to cover 1 331 places and the second should cover 430 places (Gobiemo de Morelos, 2016a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It is also about setting young people up for life, by giving them opportunities to find decent work, earn a living, contribute to their communities and societies, and fulfil their potential. Young people experience different trajectories in their transition from school to work. In 2010, across OECD countries, 16% of individuals between the ages of 15 and 29 were neither employed, nor in education or training (the “NEET” population).8 NEET-rates for young women were on average 4 percentage points higher than for young men, although there is wide variation across countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)