albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Against a backdrop of austerity, securitization, and the rampant enclosure of public spaces and democratic processes including the university and scholarship, this article critically explores what prefigurative engaged research – research capable of not simply documenting what is but contributing to struggles for social justice and social change – might look like, what it can contribute, and what its limitations are. Beyond familiar calls for a “public” or “applied” social science and drawing on a two-year-long project focused on radical social movements and the radical imagination in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, this article explores what politically-engaged social science research might offer to social justice struggles aiming to construct a more just, democratic, dignified, liberated, and peaceful world.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The disease is still spreading at an alarming rate, killing exponentially and threatening to frustrate the process of economic development in many countries and regions, the Caribbean being no exception. This is despite efforts to contain the spread of the disease through regional and national response programmes. However, today much more is understood about the HIV/AIDS than when it first surfaced and as such there are many lessons to be learnt from various country experiences.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The minimum wage is particularly binding in the poorest, low-productivity regions, where its level is above median and average income and where informality is also most prevalent (Figure 1.9). Data are for 2011 except for Brazil, China, India and Russia for which they are for 2010. The average wage for Colombia covers both formal and informal sectors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Strategic reductions in hospital bed numbers alongside the development of community care services can be expected to shorten average length of stay. The expansion of early discharge programmes allowing patients to return to their home to receive follow-up care and support for hospitals to improve the co-ordination of care for patients across various diagnostic and treatment pathways can also help to reduce length of stay. Data for France are for 1997 rather than 1995.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
However, considering that the average amounts of Zois and national scholarships were EUR 225 and 175 a month in 2008, respectively, financial barriers still exist in the absence of access to loans or parental help. As students studying abroad do not take advantage of subsidies to cover living expenses such as public transportation and free healthcare, additional grants or loans should be introduced to make outbound student mobility less financially unappealing. By law, HEIs that offer a course in a foreign language must offer the same course in Slovenian.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Several factors allowed for these reforms to take hold. The most important were having stable political leadership, making education, and the need to monitor education quality, a national priority, international support, and partnerships with non-governmental institutions. In 1997, the National Institute for Educational Studies and Research (Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anisio Teixeira, INEP) was mandated to lead evaluation activities in the country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In 2009, on average 46% of Italian waterways were classified as class 1 (high) or class 2 and 81% were in classes 1 to 3. About 72% of lakes were in these three top classes (Figure 4.1). The number of bathing sites closed (i.e. sites where swimming was banned) during the summer season increased from 125 (2.6%) in 2002 to 310 (6.3%) in 2009, but it fell to 33 (0.7%) in 2010. Closing of these sites has been linked to toxic microalgae blooming, which occurs in many coastal regions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
One of the main incentives being that it opens up the possibility to treat foreign patients and get their costs reimbursed by foreign insurers that often require JCI status. The standards are applied to public hospitals but also to private hospitals and university hospitals. All hospitals are evaluated once a year.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It is a set of balanced and realistic policy measures that countries can adopt to ease the impact of the crisis and accelerate recovery in employment (www.ilo.org/jobspact). There is some indirect evidence of a positive impact on the local economy from reports of an increase in the sales of motorcycles in remote target areas, where better transportation means is a conduit to the expansion of economic activities. The Community Works Programme of South Africa (CWP SA) also provides a guarantee of 2 work days per week to its beneficiaries. International Training Center Validation Workshop on Public Employment Programmes, April 2010.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Naloxone and similar drugs have proven efficacy in reversing the effects of opioid overdoses and thereby saving lives. Making these drugs more widely available would help reduce deaths from overdose. Some European countries have schemes allowing naloxone to be taken home by the drug user (EMCDDA, 2017(48)). A few countries have drug consumption rooms, where death from overdose is much less likely.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Nevertheless, productivity of hospitals has been declining since the late 1990s, and large regional differences remain in efficiency, cost and outcomes (Aaltonen, 2007, Hakkinen, 2010). The average length of stay in hospitals is long for most conditions (OECD, 2010b). Municipalities tend to complain about difficulties in controlling costs because of the asymmetry of information between hospitals and them, as well as standards fixed at the national level (OECD, 2005).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
However, the lion’s share of these CDM projects has gone to a handful of major developing countries like China and India, whereas many countries, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa, have been left out. One of the main reasons is that the transaction costs associated with the CDM project cycle have seriously hampered small-scale CDM projects in these countries. Although registration fees are set considerably lower for small-scale CDM projects, and simplified methodologies and procedures are also set for those projects, many other transaction costs are independent of project size and will thus have a bigger relative impact on small-scale CDM projects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Studies on external costs focus instead on the potential ecological and noise effects of wind power. Mining and transportation result in emissions similar to those that have been described for coal and uranium mining, most notably PM. Steel production as such emits some PM such as black carbon over and above the emissions resulting from electricity generation. Further hydropower capacity in OECD countries however is limited, with the best resources already tapped and the emergence of significant environmental concerns. Like wind or nuclear, electricity generation from hydropower does not involve any direct atmospheric emissions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
They also experiment with activity diversification in order to secure their income. In the lake Faguibine area of Northern Mali, for example, reduced water levels mean that traditionally dominant water-dependent activities are less relevant for women's livelihoods. For this reason, they are moving into new economic activities based on forest resources in the former lake area, like charcoal production (Djoudi and Brockhaus, 2011). In the Sahel alone, more than 800 species of edible wild plants have been catalogued to date, (UNEP, n.d.).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Capacity building events have been organized on electromagnetic compatibility, type approval of mobile terminals, and C&l regimes. These sessions took place at partnering laboratories in the regions. This year the C&l training course focused on the organizational aspects of conformity assessment from the administrative perspective: the roles of and relationship between the designating authorities, conformity assessment bodies, certification bureaux and test labs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The main species harvested in 2013 were herring (506 230 tonnes), cod (469 932 tonnes) and mackerel (164 608 tonnes) (Panel A). The most important export market for Norway was the European Union, taking 59% of all seafood exports from Noiway. Approximately 95% of the Noiwegian production of seafood is exported and Norway is the second largest seafood exporter globally (Panel B).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The difference between high- and low-income groups is also among the lowest in the EU. The Swedish health system has copayments for most health services, but still protects the population from financial risk through copayment exemptions and ceilings. Waiting times and an inability to coordinate services across different care providers are nonetheless enduring issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Though at the start of the programme net enrolment rates were already high (around 90 per cent), there was great variation within the country and the high rates of enrolment lead to a loss in efficiency. This figure dropped to an average of 400 thousand during the last 5 years due to financial constraints and the consequence of the food crisis. Targeting has changed over time, from national coverage to a selection of the most vulnerable areas of the country, coinciding with a WFP refocus of school feeding towards districts with lower levels of access to education, rather than to the most food insecure areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Box 16 below outlines the interface between the two site-based conventions. Online] Available from: http://www.cites.0rg/eng/n0tif/2011/E026A.pdf [Accessed: 26 January 2015] and CMS Secretariat and Prip, C (20U) Guidelines on the integration on migratory species into National Biodiversity Strategies and Actions Plans (NBSAPs). [ They are also the oldest conventions featured, signed in 1971 and 1972 respectively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
If wetlands suffered from a public relations problem, its counterpart in law schools is Administrative Law. Administrative Law is not part of the first-year law school curriculum, like Property or Contracts. No one makes movies like The Paper Chase or Legally Blonde about an Administrative Law course.1 On the surface, Administrative Law seems to lack the sexiness and political controversies associated with Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. In many law schools, it is not even required for graduation. Yet Administrative Law is, or at least can be, a keystone course. And it requires, as Elizabeth in Pirates of the Caribbean discovered to her detriment, the ability to understand the difference between a code or statute and mere guidance: How are rules made and when must they be followed?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For that reason, some publications may not necessarily reflect UNICEF policies or approaches on some topics. The views expressed are those of the authors and/or editors and are published in order to stimulate further dialogue on child rights. Core funding is provided by the Government of Italy, while financial support for specific projects is also provided by other governments, international institutions and private sources, including UNICEF National Committees. The 2008 financial crisis triggered the first contraction of the world economy in the post-war era. This paper investigates the effect of the economic crisis on child poverty and material deprivation across the EU-28 plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The most common causes include contaminated poultry products, and poor hygiene during food handling and manufacturing. Launching of the national salmonella control programme is underway and will enable Albania to build capacity for managing public health risks at the human-animal interface. As already noted, though incidence rates are decreasing, they remain high by order of magnitude as compared with the EU and CEEC averages.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
They have initiated the innovation-project Production in Denmark56 that aims to strengthen employment, productivity and competitiveness by exploiting the growth potential of existing state-of-the art technologies and through exchange of knowledge in cluster activities. The target audience of these activities are primarily manufacturing SMEs. Currently, some of these initiatives focus on digitalisation and automation in manufacturing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
For example, supporting parents in reconciling work and family life obviously requires promoting the labour force participation of parents, and especially mothers, who are less well represented in the labour force than fathers and women without children. Policies to help balance work and family life also make it easier for parents to choose to have children despite work commitments. Increasing the number of working parents can help boost economic growth, increase tax revenue to sustain social protection systems (Krebs and Scheffel, 2016), and cushion the impact of demographic change and declining working-age populations (Chapter 6).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In Central America, between 3 per cent and 10 per cent of men between the ages of 19 and 30 reported having been sexually abused as a child (Willman and Corman, 2013). Early sexual activity also often stems from persistent gender inequality and low value for girls, which together deny them the power to decide when or whether to have sex or with whom they will have sex. Seven types of policy interventions have been shown to be effective in preventing or reducing sexual violence by intimate partners (Heise, 2011).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The increase in the boron concentration is obtained by adding boric acid to the coolant: the maximal rate of boron increase in the coolant is about 25 ppm/ min. On the other hand, reducing the concentration of boron in the coolant is done by diluting the coolant with fresh, non-borated water, the time needed for halving the boron concentration is about five hours. The rate of decrease in boron concentration hence depends on the initial boron level and is particularly slow at low concentrations, which makes this method less efficient at the end of the fuel cycle. In addition, coolant dilution with fresh water generates a large amount of effluents that must be treated and disposed of by the chemical volume control system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The drop in remittances was offset by an improvement in the trade balance, mostly due to lower energy (gas import) prices (IMF, 2016). European integration policy anchors the government’s reform agenda, but political tensions and weak governance have put these reforms at risk. In 2014, its energy imports were about USD 1.3 bln, equivalent to 18.1% of GDP, or 23.9% of total imports.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The greatest difference between the LFPRs of women and men is in the 25-34 age group (Table 6-1). The next greatest difference is in the 45-54 age group, when women are often engaged in looking after old parents and grandchildren and start withdrawing from the labourforce. In order to assess the real impact of marriage and to exclude the impact of age and attendance in educational institutions, the LFPRs were computed for those in the 25-44 age group 25 to 44. Currently married men cannot afford to remain outside the labour force and thus they have LFPRs of about 99 percent in all the three years (Table 6-2).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, there does not appear to be a large margin for operators to also face the need to renew and replace ageing infrastructure, although very few countries provided data on this item. An analysis of specific cases (such as Finland, Switzerland or Belgium) suggested that efforts have been made to increase cost-recovery in many OECD countries, and in particular to cover the costs of wastewater management where larger investments are needed. These average figures hide some areas of “water poverty”, however, with WSS bills representing up to 4.2% or 7.9% of household income for the poorest decile in Mexico and Poland respectively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era, along with other groups, called for the transformation of growth-based development models towards gender-responsive development (Wiltshire, 1992). Women's Action Agenda 21, a platform of various groups, critiqued existing development pathways and free market thinking, instead embracing the concept of sustainable livelihoods and highlighting the need to link everyday practices of care with resource justice (Wichterich, 2012). Yet many of the alternatives put forward by women's groups and networks in the global women's lobby at the Conference were overshadowed by the prevailing optimism about economic efficiency, technology and markets. Women were considered the primary users and effective managers and conservers ofthe environment at the local level (see, for example, Dankelman and Davidson, 1988, Rodda, 1991).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The selected deprivation indicators and countries are the percentage of children under 18 experiencing housing deprivation in Costa Rica and the percentage of children under 18 experiencing drinking-water-related deprivation in the Bolivarian Republic ofVenezuela. At the same time, when only national data are available, it is very difficult to target policies for reducing existing social inequities because social programmes struggle to generate a positive impact on extremely poor children in localized areas. The measurement of housing deprivation is presented for Costa Rica, based on a threshold of overcrowding (three or more people per room, excluding the bathroom and kitchen), mud flooring or unsafe construction materials, such as ceilings or exterior walls made from mud, waste materials or similar.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In addition to the fulfilment of fundamental rights for women and girls, gender equality has recently been hailed as a 'breakthrough' strategy for promoting inclusive development and reducing poverty. Understanding the nature and extent of the obstacles to gender equality is therefore critical to designing effective policies to promote equality between men and women, and consequently, to improving development outcomes. Higher levels of discriminatory institutions in origin countries hinder the likelihood of female migration, reducing the migrant share in origin populations, which consequently is too low to positively shift discriminatory norms towards greater gender equality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Whereas many secondary cities were able to economically specialize in certain products and develop a comparative advantage at the national level over time, they proved to be overly dependent on vertical specialization which characterized their economic organization. Economies of scale worked within a framework of vertical specialization, but when these industries were challenged by lower labor costs in Latin America and later in Asia, they were unable to compete. De-industrialization first hit North America and Europe and later Latin America as jobs moved to China and other African and Asian countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
En primer lugar, un tipo de interes mas alto amortigua la demanda agregadayen consecuencia,el empleo. En segundo lugar, el tipo de interes no aborda las causas subyacentes de las presiones inflacionarias de muchos paises.Confrecuencia.dichas presiones se gestionan mejor con politicas fiscales especificas en educacion.asistencia sanitaria e inversion en sectores estrategicos, como la agriculturay la infraestructura. La optica para identificar proyectos de inversion publica apropiados y metas crediticias debe contar con una representacion de generayetnia, subrayando el importante papel de la accion afirma-tiva en organismos de toma de decisiones publicos y privados. Both undermine the potential for growth1 and development to be sustainable and stable into the future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Experience shows that only small numbers of patients need to choose an alternative provider to seriously concentrate hospital managers’ minds on improving their service. Sophisticated pre-requisites must be in place, however, including an effective purchase-provider split, a DRG-type provider payment system, and an accurate and timely national database of hospital waiting times for specific procedures. Cost-control can also be difficult to achieve when trying to reduce waiting lists rapidly, particularly if activity-based financing is predominant the underlying payment mechanism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
What the strong correlation between export growth and poverty reduction shows, however, is that policies that encourage the growth of exports and integration in the global economy can at the same time be poverty-reducing. This statement, however, has been questioned by some, as globalization is believed to have intensified poverty through adverse distributional changes. For this reason it will be useful to decompose the changes in poverty in the three broad country groupings into distribution and growth components and investigate the quantitative significance of each to the observed change for the reduction in poverty.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The June 2016 elections saw the share of seats held by women skyrocket from 16% in 2013 to 40% in 2016 - a remarkable increase considering that the Durango Congress brought up the rear of the 32 states for women’s representation, but now ranks 14th. Nevertheless, women’s state-level representation still varies - from 60% in Chiapas to 20% in Morelos. Where does the 30% “critical mass” for women’s political representation come from? Borrowed from nuclear physics where it indicates the quantity of plutonium necessary to produce a nuclear explosion, the concept was first applied to gender in the 1970s by an American scholar, Rosabeth Moss Kanter (Kanter, 1977).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The solidarity economy is considered among many international development experts as a viable means to seek to reduce poverty. None of these institutions requires a great deal of initial investment, though they all require a great deal of skill to make them successful. In line with Sens (1999) approach, the mission-related impact is the central criterion for success, not merely wealth creation (box 3.1). They are cause-driven entities and have social aims, they limit the distribution of profits or are non-profit and are independent of the state, and their internal organization is inclusive and participatory (Lipparini 2015). Globally, social enterprises constitute a small share of the economy, though they are perceived as an important channel for fulfilling the social development needs of communities that might otherwise struggle to obtain certain goods or services (Bank 2013). Meanwhile, agriculture is viewed as a last resort.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In such systems, school leaders may be hesitant to take responsibility for pedagogical leadership (Pont et al., The Country Background Reports of some of the countries participating in the OECD Review of Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes equally stressed challenges for school leaders to move towards a focus on pedagogical leadership practices and behaviours. Instead, most of their work is often of an administrative, management or budgetary nature. Despite a high degree of autonomy to manage teachers, many Czech head teachers lack preparation for their responsibilities, particularly in the area of leading teaching and learning.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)