albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
This may imply that widespread engagement with science does not come from high academic proficiency alone, nor can positive attitudes compensate for low proficiency. If educators focus on one to the exclusion of the other, then the influence of each is, most likely, undermined. Rather, these results indicate that positive attitudes and strong knowledge and competence reinforce each other in sustaining lifelong engagement with science. All citizens, not just future scientists and engineers, need to be willing and able to confront science-related dilemmas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Objective: To identify key issues in the mental health policy development process in Cambodia that will contribute to an increased understanding of how mental health policy gets on the public policy agenda, how it stays there and why policy implementation fails or succeeds. The research was formative because mental health policy analysis is a young and newly emerging discipline.Method: A retrospective case study methodology was used to research the development of the draft Cambodian Mental Health Plan 2003–2022. Ten key informants involved in the policy development process were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire designed to collect qualitative data about the policy formation process, stakeholders and context.Results: The research identified key issues influencing mental health policy development. These are the need to include the Ministry of Health (MoH) in the development of mental health plans, the significance of timing, the usefulness of mental health plans, the impact of the post-confli...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As the report was being written, the crude oil price per barrel had just hit a new record which was almost four times higher than the price at the beginning of 2000. Energy price increases and thus volatility are the first thing to come to mind for one-third of Europeans (33%). An overview of the price data over the last few years corroborates public concerns about energy price volatility, as a multitude of factors do indeed affect energy markets on a continual basis (Figures 4.7-4.10). Almost every source of energy has become a traded commodity, with for some fuels an historical world wholesale market (oil for example), and for others, intervention of the energy market liberalisation process that changed for example gas or electricity industry from a government controlled monopoly to a competitive market, meaning that customers have the freedom to choose their energy supplier.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Structural change with equality cannot be achieved without widespread participation in the information society. It is, therefore, a strategic element in structural change that permeates the whole of society rather than being confined to sectors al the technology and production frontier. Figure 11.5 shows how, for the nine countries for which information was available, the usage rate for high-income segments is 64.9% on average, compared with 24.6% in the low-income segments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
But Germany can address labour shortages comprehensively only if women’s patterns of paid work move towards and eventually converge with men’s. In 2014, about 83.1% of children (0-to-17 year-olds) were living in a household with two parents, slightly above the average for European OECD countries (82.5%). German children are, however, far more likely to be living with married parents than children in many other European OECD countries - about 75.6% of German children were living with two married parents in 2014, compared to less than 60% in France and many of the Northern European OECD countries (Estonia, France, Iceland, Norway and Sweden).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Their efforts are reflected in a series of projects that promote walking and cycling, and prioritise allocation of road space and investment in favour of public and non-motorised transport. Planning and legal instruments linked to mobility policy have also been modified in the Federal District, to introduce principles of sustainability and inclusiveness. Locally driven initiatives have also coincided with a growing role of urban mobility in the national agenda. These efforts have laid important foundations and made considerable progress.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Outside the agricultural sector in India, Nepal and Pakistan, around 80% of all workers are engaged in informal employment. In Indonesia, the Philippines and Viet Nam, the comparable shares are approximately 70%. Vulnerable and informal workers face tremendous difficulties in their ability to cope with external shocks (whether economic, social or environmental), given their low earnings and the precarious and irregular nature of their job arrangements. In turn, widespread informality and poor job quality pose significant concerns for policymakers seeking to reverse recent regional trends in high and rising inequality and rebalance their economies towards stronger domestic markets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
By participating in international research groups or taking advantage of foreign technical assistance and technology transfer in specialized energy-efficiency fields, countries have tapped state-of-the-art advances. It signed agreements with the German and Finnish Governments and with Siemens AG, a major German power equipment manufacturer. The German Energy Agency is advising its local counterpart on the design and implementation of innovative and promising approaches for energy efficiency, while the Finnish authorities provide expertise in technologies for cold climates.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In 2010, the southern regions, which are typically the most rural regions, show higher rates of population over 15 that have not completed secondary education than northern regions. Over 30% of the population over 15 had not completed primary education in Guerrero, Chiapas, and Oaxaca, which is well above the share of nearly 10% found in Nuevo Leon and Distrito Federal (Table 1.2). The index of marginalisation, used by the Mexican Government as a summary measure of the degree of social and economic deprivation and lack of access to services, is very high in the regions of Guerrero, Chiapas and Oaxaca (Table 1.2).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Established under the Climate Change Act 2008, the scheme covers emissions by firms and public bodies not already subject to the EU system or substantially covered by other agreements. It comprises reporting requirements and a carbon levy. The CRC EES is complemented by several other policies to promote energy efficiency in residential buildings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The NBS has identified additional indicators that need to be developed in order to better support policy making, such as those for “functional biodiversity” (e.g. indicators of soil diversity). Yet it is unclear how or whether these studies (and estimates of the benefits of biodiversity) have been used to formulate and evaluate policies. Steps need to be taken to evaluate biodiversity resources, so as to integrate biodiversity considerations into decision making processes. This could be accomplished as part of Israel’s National Ecosystem Assessment exercise (NEA), which is currently in the early planning stages.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Strict employment protection rules are also likely to encourage the use of forms of employment that are not subject to these regulations or lead to lack of enforcement of the rules. Concerning youth employment, Cazes and Tonin (2010) find that the decline in the average job tenure of young workers (15-24) in the European Union between 1999 and 2006 is associated with weaker employment protection provided by law and trade unions. Their results suggest that young workers are particularly exposed to more unstable labour markets through the risk of job loss and dismissal (as captured by the EPL index for regular contracts), whereas legislation on hiring (EPL index for temporary contracts) does not seem to have a significant impact.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Mutually reinforcing economic, social and political aspects of empowerment allows people to move out of poverty through participating in, contributing to and benefitting from growth processes on terms which recognise the value of their contributions, respect their dignity and make it possible for them to negotiate a fairer distribution of the benefits of growth. Growth rates have risen and the incidence of poverty has declined. They are able to invest in their own health and education, as well as in that of their children.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In some contexts, rural non-farm activities are also major sources of local economic growth (e.g. tourism, mining and timber processing). The RNFE is of great importance to the rural economy because of its production linkages and employment effects, and the income it provides to rural households represents a substantial and sometimes growing share of rural incomes. Often this share is particularly high for the rural poor.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This structure can be observed for most tourism industry branches. One can state that tourism products and services in the destination area are traditionally delivered primarily by local SMEs, while intermediate organisations are usually either international or located in the tourists’ home country and of bigger size. However, location characteristics do affect industries’ structures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
It has an internal corporate responsibility to provide policy advice and an external representational function in the UN system. It also serves as secretariat of the Gender Strategy Implementation Committee, set up after the launch of the GES, which was chaired in the early years by the Administrator and later by the Associate Administrator. Another 39% indicated it was “somewhat helpful” and 10% indicated it was “very helpful”. Only 5% of respondents indicated the GES was “not helpful at all”. In addition, 46% of respondents indicated that their office created its own gender equality strategy and action plan to guide its work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Claimants must also be actively looking for work and, in most cases, unemployment has to be involuntary, although this may be difficult to observe in practice and the definition varies across countries. Benefit durations are limited in most, but not all countries. Insurance is mandatory for most employees, but voluntary in some Nordic countries. Job searchers whose entitlement to unemployment insurance benefits has expired, or whose work record is insufficient to make them eligible in the first place, may be entitled to unemployment assistance. In some countries, unemployment assistance is the main unemployment benefit.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
These definitions may also change according to changing national circumstances and policy frameworks. In Indonesia, ministries discuss the tracking of mitigation spending, one Ministry argued for road expenditure to be included, but ultimately such expenditures were not counted. While budget tagging has been initiated in the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, the system is not yet accurate.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Following the publication of the Green Paper a general consultation process was put in place where fishing sector stakeholders, as well as the public at large, had the opportunity to express their views and contribute to the dialogue on the CFP reform. The results were made public in 2010. In 2011, the European Commission will prepare a legislative proposal in time to be adopted by the EU Council and implemented by 1 January 2012. With the new approach, the principles will be decided at Community level while the day to day implementation is left to regional authorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Various OECD documents clearly describe three levels of capacity: the enabling environment, organisational capacity, and individual capacity. Environmental capacity development (CDE) is the process by which environmental capacity is enhanced. In the world’s least developed countries (LDCs) and Sub-Saharan Africa as a whole, more than 80% of people rely primarily on solid fuels such as coal or wood for cooking.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In consultation with concerned parties in the FAO, calling on both internal and external expertise, the objective of the priority-setting exercise was to identify NUS grounded on sustainable agriculture that are be climate-smart, nutrition-sensitive, economically viable and socially acceptable. The selections should also be functional to contribute to closing production and nutrition gaps for Zero Hunger. In-situ collections of NUS in different agro-ecological zones need to be carried out separately.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
High judicial appointment records show minimal, if any, consideration, for gender balance as a criterion for selection. Overall, women held less than one-third of senior positions in the judiciary in 2015 and occupy only 2 of the Supreme Court’s 11 seats (Figure 5.5). It has also contributed decisively to a series of reforms that have introduced and effectively implemented quota requirements in the Federal Electoral Law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
At the same time, South-East Asia is poised to play a bigger role in the coal trade as certain countries in the region begin to encourage the use of coal to augment energy security, especially Indonesia, which is set to become the fourth-largest coal user in Asia and the Pacific by 2035. This means that it could soon follow the path of China and see a marked erosion of its net coal exports. The region’s electricity exports represented 14% of the world’s total electricity exports, while its electricity import share was 11%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In 2010, 40% of domestic accounts were metered, which is set to rise to 92% by 2015, an additional 487 000 accounts. The emphasis in the consultation process is to explain the economics behind the programme. Radio and newspaper advertising is followed by distributing information and meeting local groups and communities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
These disposal sites are usually equipped with basic machinery, a weighbridge and bottom sealing. Also, the high number of disposal sites means that potential pollution sources are scattered throughout the country and controlling their impact on human health and the environment is difficult. Ekores operates the disposal sites Trostenets and Severniy for MSW and the disposal site Prudishche for industrial waste.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The key elements are economic stability and growth, supportive trade regulations and a sufficient domestic capacity of the manufacturing sector. Restricted access to global markets through trade barriers limits the opportunity for productivity increases and expansion of the manufacturing sector. While limited access to global markets prevents the implementation of new technologies due to lack of access to innovations, trade barriers hamper the creation of demand for new products.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Fiscal incentives for certified sustainable tourism practices are genuienly needed and require tl attention of policymakers. Sustainability reporting by large companies is frequently required by law and many international hotel chains are thus under obligation to report annually on their sustainability performance along with their financial results. However, this many not apply to smaller businesses. Looking at the location of poverty in the world and then at tourism UflHkkey points emerge.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The proportion of full-time teachers is positively associated with students' science performance only in Bulgaria, Colombia, Japan, Malta, Peru, Chinese Taipei, andTrinidad andTobago, in Luxembourg, Qatar and Switzerland, the association is negative. Just as practitioners in any other profession, teachers need to keep up-to-date with advances in their field. They are often expected to learn about new ways of teaching, discoveries in their field of expertise, new theories about how children learn, curricular changes or innovative tools for the classroom.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It is a platform for creating, implementing and sharing solutions on air quality improvement and climate protection, with a specific focus on near-term actions targeting short-lived climate pollutants. The CCAC has attracted a high volume of funding and directly funds projects. Furthermore, the Coalition has been able to attract high-level political engagement through its High-Level Assembly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
In the last few years there have been several critical milestones in acknowledging the centrality of human rights to sustainably addressing the scourge of maternal death and morbidity around the world, including from the United Nations Human Rights Council. In 2012, the Council adopted a resolution welcoming a Technical Guidance on rights-based approaches to maternal mortality and morbidity, and calling for a report on its implementation in 2 years. The present paper provides an overview of the contents and significance of the Guidance. It reviews how the Guidance can assist policymakers in improving women's health and their enjoyment of rights by setting out the implications of adopting a human rights-based approach at each step of the policy cycle, from planning and budgeting, to ensuring implementation, to monitoring and evaluation, to fostering accountability mechanisms. The Guidance should also prove useful to clinicians in understanding rights frameworks as applied to maternal health.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Staffing firms shall pay labour compensation to the workers to be placed on a monthly basis. During the periods when there is no work for workers to be placed, the staffing firm shall pay workers compensation on a monthly basis at the minimum wage rate of the place where the staffing firm is located. If a dispute arising from the performance of the collective contract cannot be resolved following consultations, the trade union may apply for arbitration and litigation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Indeed, the most common health problems in China today relate to tobacco use, blood pressure and obesity, which are not typical of poor populations. In 2000, the average life expectancy of rural residents was 69.6 years, 8 per cent lower than the average for urban residents of 75.2 years. Maternal mortality in rural areas in 2006 was nearly double that in urban China, at 45-5 per 100,000 live births compared to 24.8.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
For instance, reform-driven positive employment effects can be counterbalanced by increased income dispersion resulting from lower tax progressivity. Also, empirical evidence derived from the joint analysis of micro-level consumption and income data suggests that consumption taxes can be regressive, at least in the short-run.44 There is ambiguity with respect to the distributional effects of property taxes. Hence, from a purely static and accounting perspective, changes in taxation that lead to a temporary transfer of income from households to the government (or vice versa) will likely have an impact on measured household disposable income at a given point in time.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In December 2004, Parliament's Joint Committee on Human Rights added its voice to the call for a greater parliamentary role in the making of treaties. In its report on Protocol No. 14 to the European Convention on Human Rights, the Joint Committee included a one-page chapter on ‘Increasing Parliament's involvement in the adoption of human rights treaties’, expressing the view that it was desirable for Parliament to become more involved prior to ratification on the grounds that effective parliamentary scrutiny would serve to ‘enhance the democratic legitimacy of human rights obligations incurred… by the Executive pursuant to the prerogative power.’1 Motivated by this concern, the Committee has undertaken, on its own initiative, an extensive review of the UK's treaty commitments in the human rights field with a view to securing greater parliamentary support for these obligations through the mechanism of public scrutiny.2
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This can be achieved by building economic, social and environmental resilience for women and men, enhancing their productivity, and accelerating the pace of structural economic transformation in the region. This report explores where and how progress in gender equality has been made and how best to accelerate the pace of gender advancement in Africa. Its focus on gender equality comes at a time of tremendous change across the continent, including recent dynamics of social and economic transformation that have resulted in significant strides in Africa’s human development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The share of people in vulnerable employment remains unacceptably high, at almost 60 per cent in 2014 (see figure 2.6), often heavily skewed towards young people and women, which will continue to challenge the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and the aspiration contained in Agenda 2063 to reduce poverty by 30 per cent by 2023. In all regions, the burden of poverty is much higher among young people and women, notwithstanding declining trends over time. Inequalities by age are particularly large in developing regions as a whole, but much higher in the rest of Africa, Oceania and South Asia, where initial conditions were much higher than the rest of the world in 2000. On the continent, following the general poverty trends, the gap between adults and young people has been especially wide when comparing North Africa with the rest of Africa.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
There is an increasing availability of data at the municipal, school and individual student levels to use for different actors when setting goals and monitoring progress toward the achievement of these goals. And in several school and municipality visits, the team heard of trips that principals and municipal leaders had made to various jurisdictions around the world to leam from the experiences of professionals further along with the use of such data to support instruction. Municipal leaders and school leaders also reported that these visits focused on using data to increase the efficient use of resources to support their improvement efforts. This section addresses the challenges and opportunities created by each of these changes in turn. One of the most fundamental changes is the introduction of a set of Common Objectives which focus on student learning.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Expenses related to the national meteorological service are included tmder basin management. Expenses related to Mexico City’s eastern and central emissaries are included under wastewater treatment. They pay water resources charges14 to compensate the state for the use of water in the order of MXN 8 billion (see Figure 3.7).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
From 2004-05 to 2012-13, cereal production increased 24% and oilseed production increased 20%. Higher growth has been experienced in sectors which are more market oriented, such as the production of pulses, fruits and vegetables which together have increased by 40%. As a predominantly vegetarian population, livestock production has remained relatively small, although it has been growing more rapidly than crop production, albeit from a small base.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
For example, a large portion of the variance in the study by Qiang et al. ( This probably suggests an over-estimation of impact of broadband on GDP growth. It also justifies the need to rely on the differentiation of fixed effects and to conduct the analysis at lower levels of aggregation such as states and, where data is available, even counties or administrative departments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)