albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Purpose – This study aims to map the dynamics of e-government rhetoric through a discourse analysis. The discussion and understanding is based on an identification and interpretation of emerging concepts in e-government reports and research journals. The goal is to unveil established concepts that influence e-government policy development in the public administration context. Design/methodology/approach – Institutional discourse and a policy cycle model are initially selected to guide an inter-textual meta-analysis and meta-synthesis of relevant e-government and public administration outlets. Key concepts are analysed based on their frequency in order of appearance and proximity to each-other. Themes emerging from concept-ideas feed-back to the theory by helping us to suggest a new e-government policy development framework informed by practice and research domains. Findings – The findings suggest that although a number of concept-ideas are being institutionalized in the field of e-government, there are pe...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
All requests for commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to riehts@oecd.ore. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Much of this rise has reflected a widening dispersion of labour income. It seems that the benefits of economic growth have not been shared equally across all parts of the population.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
It also recognized the obligation of State of due diligence, which requires prevention, investigation and punishment of acts of violence against women "whether those acts are perpetrated by the State or by private persons" (art. United Nations General Assembly 1993. See, e.g., Concluding observations of the UN CEDAW Committee on Norway, CEDAW/C/NOR/CO/8, 9 March 2012 and Concluding observations on the combined fourth and fifth periodic reports of India, CEDAW/C/IND/O/4-5, 24 July 2014.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This is especially important for the poor, who rely on good health and nutrition for productive work. If they are to improve their incomes and their quality of life they must be able to resist and recover from diseases, and women should be able to count on safe pregnancies. Yet, as outlined in die previous chapter, it has seen health disparities widen — notably for infant and child mortality, maternal mortality and the proportion of underweight children. This echoes the concerns raised by the MDG Summit in September 2010 which drew attention to the persistent imbalances in the current workings of the global economy, which are socially, economically and environmentally unsustainable.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Drinking water companies charge a user fee for the services provided, which partly depend on the amount of water used. Within these regions, there is no explicit cross-subsidisation between urban and rural areas, because payments are mainly based on the use of water services. Although, since part of the levies (of regional water authorities) are related to property values, urban areas (with typically higher property values) and higher income groups might contribute relatively more.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Travel costs from Siberia and the Far East could exceed average monthly wage levels in these regions by several times. In addition, an increase in the permanent population in areas with extraction industries operating in extreme climatic conditions also poses particular problems because health care services are often lacking in such localities, diet is poor and pollution is extensive. This may reflect differences in the organisation of primary-care provision between rural and urban areas (see Chapter 1). Persons living in rural areas may not have doctors who they can consult and patients have to be satisfied with paramedical services which are limited in the care that they are allowed to provide. Surveys show that the access to health care in rural areas is worse than in urban areas, both in terms of the presence of medical facilities and in the quality of health care provision (Bremzen et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The inputs were accepted into the draft, which was gazetted for public comment in September 2012. Throughout these revisions, it was necessary for the informal working group to remain involved with the project, and motivate to the DWA for important inputs to be accepted, included or retained. This required patient persistence, as well as continued relationship building as staff turnover occurred during the process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In the former case, a rise in the skilled equilibrium wage can increase incentives for private investment in education, in the latter, an increase in the unskilled equilibrium wage can increase private resources available for such investment. In addition, it is argued that full development demands that all people in a society eventually enjoy the same opportunities of superior education, and that successful development ought to mean that development be managed in such a way that income inequalities are kept as low as possible without compromising people’s incentives to invest in education. In the long run, poverty is to be eradicated as part and parcel of this development process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
None of the countries are expected to achieve any of the targets, with many targets unlikely to be met by 2030 (Figure 2.9). Countries are not expected to achieve the SDGs even in 2050, with the exception of Fiji’s performance on Goals 1 and 2 (Figure 2.9). The situation is exacerbated given that the current Tier 1 indicators only cover just over one-third of the indicators meant to track all the SDGs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The Spatial Planning Directorate is responsible for spatial management at the national and municipal levels, as well as construction, housing and real estate transactions. The Public Services and Investment Directorate is responsible for the preparation and management of environmental investments for which public funding is provided, co-ordination of the Ministry’s relations with public environmental protection services, and management of public procurement procedures. It issues environmental permits, monitors environmental pollution, and ensures the quality of public environmental data. The ARSO has approximately 400 staff at its headquarters and in 27 local offices.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Abstract As with most British media coverage in 1994, the BBC did not report genocide in Rwanda, preferring instead to depict political violence as tribal civil war and ‘primitive’ ethnic conflict. Yet when the international community declared that genocide had taken place, the BBC was quick to change its tack, moving away from reporting ethnic conflict towards memorialising genocide. Referring to the BBC's website, political discussion programmes and documentary films, the article considers how over time an institutional narrative on the 1994 genocide has developed. The author argues that the BBC has been required to reconcile the problem of depicting genocide—conventionally seen as modern, ‘Western’ political violence—in Africa. The ways in which the BBC has remembered Rwanda's genocide also conceal from view British foreign policy decision-making between April and July 1994. The author then considers how, since Rwanda joined the Commonwealth in November 2009, the BBC's reporting has shifted again—this ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Aid dependence can potentially undermine the quality of governance and public sector institutions by weakening accountability, encouraging rent-seeking and corruption, fomenting conflict over control of aid funds, siphoning off scarce talent from the bureaucracy, and alleviating pressures to reform inefficient policies and institutions. Analyses of cross-country data in this paper provide evidence that higher aid levels erode the quality of governance, as measured by indices of bureaucratic quality, corruption, and the rule of law. These findings support the need for donors to develop less costly and less intrusive ways of disseminating state-of-the-art knowledge on public sector reform in developing countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Improving conditions with respect to these other factors can therefore also help attract investment in clean energy. Considering the numbers of risks faced by clean electricity generation projects (e.g. completion risk, technology risk, revenue risk, supply risk, weather risk, etc.) The inability to do so will affect both the risk and the cost of clean energy projects. Similarly, with regards to energy efficiency, it is crucial for energy service companies that their counterpart can be forced to comply with its obligations under the service contract.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Civil war (1990–1994) and genocide (1994) left the Rwandan government with the daunting task of re-establishing internal security. The policing model they have pursued, reflecting their regime ideology, is a hybrid model. It combines a modern professional and disciplined police force with the informal social control mechanisms of popular justice. The article, based on two months fieldwork in 2006, demonstrates that the model has provided an effective, popular and universally accessible policing that is not resource intensive. Yet its success has to be tempered by reflection that civil liberties have been compromised by an intrusive surveillance at local level, and by repressive responses to anything perceived as opposition to the ruling party at national level. Rwanda's special circumstances make listing durable substantive lessons with widespread applicability unwise. But, there is a case for re-examining the potential of using informal security structures with varying degrees of connection to the state ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Abstract   Rent allocation is key to natural-resource rich countries' development. A life cycle model is used to study optimal rent allocation considering the uncertainties derived from government quality and rent measurement. Chile's private copper industry is used as a case study. Results show that between 1988 to 2018 roughly USD 161.7 billion of copper rent has been allocated to the private sector, which accounts for 62.6% of the total rent generated by the industry. Given the quality of Chile's government (i.e., level of accountability, political stability, effectiveness, regulatory quality, control over corruption, and adherence to the rule of law), rent allocation has likely been suboptimal and institutional change is likely warranted.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Ministry of Agriculture Decree No. The second phase of the project “Rood Prevention Programme II" and “Support for Renewal, Dredging and Reconstruction of Fishponds and Construction of Water Reservoirs" followed. The total costs are estimated to be around CZK 15 billion. The project also includes the implementation of land adaptations aimed at flood prevention, httpJ/eagri.cz/public/web/erZmze/water/flood-prevention. This is predominantly an investment programme.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The support worker’s goal is to facilitate healthy relationships, which research shows helps youth to develop the social capital they need to succeed, while connecting them in a positive way to the larger community. Financial support: bus tickets were provided to participating students for transport to and from school and vouchers were provided as needed for school lunches. Students who fail to attend classes lose their eligibility for bus tickets and lunch vouchers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Anthropologists have become increasingly concerned about the discipline's lack of ‘public engagement’ with contemporary issues of late, but a key underlying problem - anthropology's unwillingness to address the nature and evidentiary status of anthropological knowledge itself - has remained largely unacknowledged. Here I approach this problem initially through an analysis of the rise of ‘evidence’ as a central concept in public policy and practice. Using the exemplar of ‘evidence-based’ medicine, I analyse anthropological responses to these evidentiary requirements, arguing that this turn to evidence can be seen in many other arenas of research and public policy and presents a fundamental challenge for the credibility and legitimacy of anthropology as a discipline. In the second part of the article comparison with anthropological work on legal issues provides a reflexive opening through which to begin to consider the nature of anthropological ‘evidence’ itself.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Similarly, the report co-chairs and all coordinating lead authors, lead authors and review editors would have to go through the entire process. In order to be able to perform this, the Nordic Assessment also needs to establish its equivalent to the Committee on Conflicts of Interest. For the Nordic Assessment a Committee on Conflicts of Interest could consist of three members from the Steering Committee and the Expert Committee, as decided by the Steering Committee.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Some research is done on crop production and climate-change-related issues. The development of water economy technologies such as bio-agriculture can be used to reduce the pressure on water resources and production costs in terms of ecology and economy. In 2010, the emissions from fuel combustion arose mostly from electricity and heat production (66 per cent), followed by the transport (14 per cent), manufacturing industries and construction (12 per cent) and residential (7 per cent) sectors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Biodiversity stewardship is an approach to enter into agreements with private and communal landowners to protect and manage land in biodiversity priority areas, led by conservation authorities in South Africa (SANBI, 2014). In particular, the Protected Environment biodiversity agreement type is valuable in agricultural landscapes. Protected Environments can be declared across multiple properties and can allow for some forms of production on the land, as long as this is integrated into an approved management plan (SANBI, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Problems emerged in situations where irrigation expansion followed individual plans and decisions, as individual entrepreneurs failed to factor in the consequences of their decisions on the local community. The objective was to define an institutional framework or policy tool that could provide for the revision of water entitlements, revisit the “first come first served” practice, and grant local farming communities the capacity to self-manage. The policy positions were developed arising from the consultative process and under the strong political guidance of the Minister of Water Affairs. To guide the reform, the Department of Water Affairs, in consultation with stakeholders on a national and regional basis, developed a set of underlying principles.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Non-use” values refer to water that people will not actually use themselves at any point, but may want to preserve for others, for future generations, or simply because they attach a value to their very existence. It is particularly difficult in situations when irreversibility and possible disastrous outcomes enter the equation, and when the resilience of water systems is being - or is close to being - overrun. This is not an argument against trying to make as good an assessment as one can, but it makes it particularly important to take into account those cost and benefit elements that cannot be expressed in monetary terms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Connections between urban centres and rural areas are crucial for greater development and widening access to labour force and education. While no robust data was available about the inequalities in access to communication, they are likely to broadly correspond to disparities in GDP per capita. Improving access to telecommunications represents a potential source of growth and should be favoured. The new medical school provides an opportunity to address the health challenges in the region and build capacity for collaboration. It can also mark the beginnings of the first university in the Galilee.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Larger firms (55%) are more likely to be partnering for innovation than smaller firms (36%), while the same holds for exporters (58%) and cross-border traders (53%) compared to domestic firms (31%). Exporters have a systematically higher rating in all kinds of business innovation attributes than cross-border traders, while the latter display higher ratings than domestic firms. These relationships are focused heavily on clients/customers and suppliers, with collaboration generally much less widespread for other partners. Overall, international partnerships are more widely reported than cross-border relationships for links with suppliers, higher education institutes, intermediaries and business services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
While all other steps of the energy chain such as refinement or enrichment, conversion and distribution can be moved physically closer to the final customer, exploration and production of primary energy cannot. Whether this is a good approach depends on a country’s geographical position, its own energy endowment, the state of its physical infrastructures for transport and storage, the diversification of its supplies, the willingness of its population to accept higher average long-term prices for lower volatility, and a host of other issues. Free and global energy trade through smoothly functioning competitive markets can ensure timely delivery of all necessary energy resources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In 2014, New Zealand announced that its drug enforcement relationship with China will be strengthened further to help identify members of organized criminal groups in China and to reduce the supply of precursors and methamphetamine from China trafficked into New Zealand. The move follows the signing of a memorandum of arrangement on precursor controls between China and New Zealand in April 2013. New Zealand has also taken action to improve regional border security through cooperation with the authorities of Fiji. In 2015, New Zealand established a training programme for the Fiji Revenue and Customs Authority and the Fiji Police Force to focus on border security by introducing drug detector dogs in Fiji. In 2015, the Fiji Revenue and Customs Authority announced that it aimed to further strengthen its partnership with both Australia and New Zealand in order to carry out joint operations and share more information about the flow of drugs in the region. In 2013, the Government of New Zealand introduced the Psychoactive Substances Act to control the importation, manufacture and sale of new psychoactive substances in the country—with interim approvals for 47 products by 150 licensed retailers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Indeed, in 2017, close to one in every three participants of integration training fell into unemployment three months following the end of their participation, a further 62 % were in other PES measures. The majority of the remainder continued to vocational training or independent study while fewer than 10% moved into work trials or employment. Coverage, however, is heterogeneous and multiple providers often serve to complicate the integration landscape still further.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Existing scholarship lacks important knowledge about how protest and coercion change during regime change. This study provides new evidence by studying legal reforms as well as patterns of protest and repression during the first 46 months of Myanmar’s regime change. By examining law amendments and analyzing protest data compiled via a protest event analysis from local news resources, it can be shown that the de jure exercisability and de facto exercise of protest have changed considerably over time. Informal repression of protest, such as by arbitrary violence, have gradually made way for methods that are formally in accordance with the rule of law, but remained inconsistent with human rights standards. Additionally, repression has become more selective, demonstrating a continuous high state control over the civil society. I suggest that the observed changes may be general features of elite-controlled transitions to competitive authoritarianism, a hypothesis that merits future cross-national research.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Another notable result is that long-term unemployment rose more sharply for medium-skilled workers (2 percentage points) than for both less and more educated workers. Annex Figure 1.A1.4 in OECD (2011c) shows that men accounted for the majority of the increase in the number of long-term unemployed persons in most OECD countries, as did prime-age and medium-skilled persons. However, some notable national exceptions emerge. For example, low-skilled workers accounted for more than half of the increase in long-term unemployment in Iceland and Spain (and 46% in Italy). The chart below shows that the post-crisis increase is unprecedented in recent decades.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In the State of Mexico, the Ministry of Communications (through the department in charge of roads) always issues an opinion on the feasibility of incorporating road and pedestrian flows generated by developments in the existing road infrastructure. A positive opinion is required for the State Commission of Urban Development and Housing (which includes representatives of various ministries including the Ministry of Communications) to issue a proof of viability. This document is needed in turn for the Ministry of Urban and Metropolitan Development to grant construction authorisations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In a new wave of construction from 1970 to 1979, their number increased from 26,000 to 90,000, with mean size doubling to only 70 kW. Much larger hydro plants in the MW and GW ranges have been built since the 1980s. Many technical and maintenance problems (silting, drought, leaks) with hastily built microplants meant low load factors and relatively high costs (Smil, 2010a). In 2006, China completed the world’s largest hydropower plant, with a capacity of 18.2 GW.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The final step would be quantitative field testing and validation through comparison of the proposed assessment tool in small survey samples in different countries and contexts. This process is explained in detail in Frongillo et al. [ Collecting data directly from children in such a measurement system would require attention to a number of details.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Activities on demining forestland are progressing very slowly in relation to actual needs. Forests and forestland are not included among the priorities in the demining plans. Forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina comprise a large diversity of types, ranging from coastal Mediterranean forest to mountain forest.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The major objective in offering BDS services to women is to assist them in generating more income so that they are better able to become economically independent, which will eventually contribute to community welfare. Many women in Qatar are highly educated but are not in the workforce for cultural reasons. The Roudha Center aims to promote a female entrepreneurial and leadership culture in Qatar by identifying, organising and promoting women entrepreneurs and innovators. Through a network of partnerships, it seeks to provide programming and resources, interactive workshops, incubation, mentorship and legal services to address women’s needs and support their entrepreneurial activities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)