albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The more parties that are involved in contracts, the more time-consuming and costly the contract documentation and orchestration of the stakeholders becomes. Additionally, in the course of construction, the involved parties modify contracts quite often, for example by extending the contract or splitting it into smaller more complex contract landscapes. Mutual agreements might lead to changes of existing parts of the contract itself. Another key driver is regulatory changes that need to be implemented and require adaptation of existing contracts, as a handover using the existing agreements might be contra legem.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
It has been supporting the development of a BRT corridor which opened in December 2012 and now carries more than 280,000 persons per day. Lessons from Lanzhou are being used to develop BRT systems in other Asian cities including Astana, Davao, Dhaka, Jinagxi Ji'ar and Yichang. Finally, EBRD financed an important BRT project in Burgas, Bulgaria, as a complement to EU financing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
These limitations of origin have already been criticized by the members of the so-called Indigenous Peoples Major Group3 - which brings together internationally recognized indigenous intellectuals, leaders, and representatives -, during their participation in the previous meetings towards the final adoption of the Agenda. These demands were not incorporated, which has forced the Indigenous Peoples to develop their own indicators and their own monitoring methodologies in the implementation of the SDGs. In that sense, the Indigenous Peoples do not separate the SDGs from their differentiated rights. For them, it is impossible to work for sustainable development without guaranteeing the practical and real protection of their rights, both individual and, above all, collective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The American Society for Public Administration and the National Academy of Public Administration, as well as several leading authors in our field, have expressed support for a range of ethical principles, including representativeness, diversity, affirmative action, equality, fairness, and justice. Various social equity reformers have argued that universities should expand their integrative efforts to include more students of poverty and working class origins. The present study surveyed the nation’s 50 top-rated MPA schools asking them whether they collect data about their students’ socioeconomic backgrounds. While other academic disciplines have initiated social class-based affirmative action plans for enrolling students, none of the 43 survey respondents said they do so. The discussion closes by suggesting that with the present study’s evidence and justification in place, academic public administration, driven by its commitment to the discipline’s acknowledged ideals, has sound rationale for establishing socioeconomic affirmative action plans for student diversity purposes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In the effort of improving resource efficiency, the consumers are important actors. The consumer is crucial in improving resource efficiency during the use phase such as printing double-sided, maintaining the windows to extend their life span, and upgrading their existing products instead of buying new ones. Therefore requirements on consumer information on resource efficiency are important requirements to include in future IM in the Ecodesign Directive. Further consumer information is also an issue emphasised in the Framework Ecodesign Directive. Therefore this section will shortly elaborate on three addition categories including: priority resources and critical metals, dematerialisation, and system thinking.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
It was last published by FAO in 2010. Again there were no indicators relating directly to recreation and tourism. The Collaborative Partnership on Forests established a portal in 2006 hosted by FAO on streamlining forest-related reporting. This includes links to several global processes. One of the main tasks was to develop and implement internationally agreed-upon criteria and indicators for the conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The celebrity cult has to be sharply distinguished from hero worship as its precondition is to be well known, no matter for what reason. It has been a product of American culture and is closely associated with modernity, individualism, egalitarianism and a moral, cultural and aesthetic relativism. It is part of popular culture and is also stimulated by the pervasive entertainment orientation of American society. Celebrity worship may provide vicarious gratification to people who seek to escape anonymity and believe that they do not get sufficient amounts of attention.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It is indeed the case in Germany, where there are much higher chances of low-income women becoming mothers than those in the middle or at the top of the earnings distribution. In France, by contrast, individual female earnings have a limited impact on fertility behaviour though high earners are slightly more likely to have children than low earners. Differences in earnings between partners do not affect the probability of having a child in France, all else being equal.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
As evidenced by the oversubscription of the Trapezia funds in the United Kingdom, there is a business opportunity and scope for equity funders to meet the needs of women entrepreneurs (see case study VIII). They are also likely to have less time to spend on financial transacting due to the time demands of family and carer responsibilities. Institutions such as DFCU Group in Uganda have recognised this access challenge and have positioned ‘women-friendly’ branches in locations close to where there are clusters of women entrepreneurs and aligned branch operating times to correspond with the requirements of this group of customers. Significant numbers of women are using internet banking: 41 per cent in the UK and 29 per cent in Malta, for example (Eurostat 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
But the prominence of these institutions stems from leadership in medical research and solving the most complicated health care problems, not necessarily from innovation in medical education or new forms of health care delivery. Jerusalem: National Economic Council. Approaches to Economic Development, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, pp.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The light water (used as coolant and moderator) boils directly in the core. The steam produced is separated and dried in the upper part of the pressure vessel, and then directly transferred to the turbine. The steam is then condensed, re-heated and re-injected into the bottom part of the core. Unlike in PWRs, in BWRs the control rods are inserted from the bottom of the core.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Bycatch and Discards Work Plan applies. Key management arrangements include input controls (limited entry, individual transferable quotas, gear restrictions and area closures) and output controls (total allowable catches) which apply for 34 species or stocks of shark and finfish. Harvest Strategy Framework used to set total allowable catches for these species. Bycatch and Discards Work Plan applies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Available from https://unstats, un.org/ unsd/publication/SeriesM/Series_M49_Rev4(1999)_en .pdf. An economy is classified as a fuel exporter if the share of fuel exports in its total merchandise exports is greater than 20 per cent and the level of fuel exports is at least 20 per cent higher than that of the country’s fuel imports (table D). This criterion is drawn from the share of fuel exports in the total value of world merchandise trade. Fuels include coal, oil and natural gas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Farmers in the other villages continued to plant local varieties. This case highlights two important aspects of the transition towards intensification. The first aspect is the notion of thresholds, a level at which traditional systems are not viable any longer (Malthusian evolution), that necessitates farmers to adapt by intensifying production to provide sufficient output to assure, at minimum, survival (Boserupian evolution).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In FY 2006, the government abolished a special depreciation of equipment for “developmental research". In FY 2008, the government modified its tax incentive system to allow firms to claim an additional credit for 5% for the increase in R&D expenditures or an additional credit for 0.2% multiplied by the amount of R&D expenditures exceeding the equivalent of 10% of average sales, both within an additional 10% of corporate income tax. In 2010, a 20% preferential tax credit rate is expected for new-growth-engine R&D (30% for SMEs), and a 25% preferential tax credit rate is expected for original-sourcing-technology R&D (35% for SMEs). Recent and proposed changes in R&D tax incentives in OECD and selected non-member countries (cont.) In addition, an extra deduction will be created for existing companies (not start-ups) embarking on R&D for the first time.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In the opinion of the court, the defendant—the university administrative body—had set the minimum average for acceptance by the Department of Medicine at 2,080 for Kuwaiti males and 3,020 for Kuwaiti females, although the two groups were in the same legal position of having passed the foundation year at the Center of Medical Sciences. Considering this to be in violation of the principle of equality stipulated in Article 29 of the Constitution, the court voided the acceptance policy based on gender discrimination. Except for tertiary education, educational attainment among women has been expanding since 1970.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Canahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule), an underutilized Andean plant that is part of the spinach family and closely related to quinoa, with more than 200 varieties. It is remarkably frost-tolerant and has high nutritional value in terms of protein content and dietary fibre levels close to quinoa. They can be grown in areas where major staples requiring high inputs fail, and they to be more resistant to local pests and diseases.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In Ohio, treatment admissions for the drug increased by 34 per cent from 2009 to 2012. In the county of San Diego, deaths related to methamphetamine increased by 70 per cent from 2008 to 2012. South America has a relatively strong institutional capacity in the wider context of Latin America and the Caribbean, and countries in the region have been making considerable efforts at the national and international levels to curb the illicit supply of drugs and address the increasing rates of drug abuse.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
While rising levels of school enrolment among the poorest is a positive trend, secondary education completion rates are still low. In 2011, 29% of the income-vulnerable population had either attended or completed higher education. One is relative monetary poverty, which expands the traditional concept of absolute poverty to take fuller account of what people need to fully participate in their society.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This will affect seasonal workers in particular. Moreover, the level of unemployment insurance benefit was cut in February 2012 by around 20% to EUR 360 per month (about two-thirds of the current level of the minimum wage) in the wake of cuts to the minimum wage (see above). On the other hand, the unemployment insurance benefit will be extended to the self-employed, subject to means-testing (total personal income cumulated over the two years prior to claiming cannot exceed EUR 20 000, or EUR 30 000 in the case of family income).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
With a view to deciding on the general design and subject curricula, the framework assembled personnel from the Ministry, KEDI researchers, a basic research team leader, other curriculum experts, school teachers, and subject specialists. Public conferences, seminars, and hearings to formulate and review the overall design were held during the process. The Seventh Elementary and Secondary School Curricula were announced in December 1997 following several series of reviews and corrections. Basically, the NCC acts as a national framework for compulsory content for the first ten years of education, while the school level curriculum - created or adapted -regulates classroom processes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Race argues that Australia offers important lessons into how multiculturalism and multicultural policy can be implemented educationally. The objective is to advance multicultural dialogues not only within Australia but globally, which is the ultimate intention of this edited collection. This chapter uses Australian state policy documents as well as education empirical data as evidence bases to argue that in adopting a clear, explicit positive stance on multiculturalism, Australia allows its teachers to theoretically prepare their pupils for the evolving nature of cultural diversity within the country. The article also discusses the ‘cultural literate dialogue’ idea of Soutphommasane and how it fits within his wider idea of Australian citizenship through patriotism. It offers an assessment of these ideas within wider multicultural dialogues and the possibility of their application in a way that would allow for further positive consequences for multiculturalism and multicultural education in Australia and potentially in other countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The code was hardly enforced, however, with considerable areas being deforested illegally. In response, the new code, while criticised as indulgent towards commercial interests, introduced potentially more effective enforcement instruments, which may result in a better level of protection. The new Forest Code aims to reconcile the objectives of preserving biodiversity and forests and of ensuring a good business environment for agriculture, a key sector of Brazil’s economy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
A person suffering from burnout no longer manages to overcome everyday stressful events and experiences “emotional fatigue”. It is however difficult to estimate the prevalence of burnout in the population, as, for instance, it can be hard to distinguish it from depression. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, on the other hand, occurs among 3% to 6% of children of school age, and boys suffer from this state 2 to 3 times more often than girls.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In this endeavour, it has also worked towards building healthy families and improving women’s health care. The Council is responsible for providing recommendations to the President on the effects of pending legislation and executive branch policy proposals, for suggesting changes to federal programs or policies to address issues of special importance to women and girls, for reviewing and recommending changes to policies that have a distinct impact on women in the federal workforce, and for assisting in the development of legislative and policy proposals of special importance to women and girls. The functions of the Council are advisory only.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Schools provide an ideal, universal setting for reaching children with mental health concerns and their role in providing health support in increasing across the OECD. This section discusses recent and ongoing initiatives integrating mental health services with education systems. One of the key areas of the 2011 Budget of Australia’s Ten Year Roadmap for Mental Health Reform, for instance, was improving young people's mental health services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This study focuses on one arena of public administration in which the balancing act between various accountability considerations is especially visible: local law enforcement management, and one of...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For water stress simulations, we implement three scenario variations-basin efficiency deficit (SB) and groundwater depletion (SG) and drought (SD). Two regional climate scenarios (RCP 8.5 IPSL and RCP 8.5 Hadley) are added. This equates to a possible twelve scenario runs (three climate options * four combinations of water stress).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Governments of the home countries of foreign investors could help prevent such tax competition by taxing profit remittances from FDI at a higher rate than domestic profits while deducting from the tax charge the typically much lower taxes already paid on the corporate profit in the host country. Taking into account the large differences in unit labour costs between the home and host countries, this could be done in such a way that the profits of the foreign investors from their production in the developing country would still be a multiple of those that would result from the production of the same goods at home. For this purpose, the current United Nations Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters could be made into a truly intergovernmental body.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Such measures should be coupled with reforms that improve technical assistance for farmers and remove the price distortions from the fertiliser market so that agricultural production decisions take into account the true costs of the inputs being used. Recent efforts by the government to encourage the application of new farm technologies may also help. Despite recent government reforms, China’s grassland continues to suffer degradation that can have important long-term economic and ecological effects. Grassland accounts for 40% of China’s total land area and is the feed base for livestock.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Ecotourism must be developed as an environmentally and ecologically sustainable activity, to stimulate economic and social development in line with the agreed green economy foundations. Appropriate regulation and management for tourism expansion and development were deemed necessary for green economy implementation. Given the importance of the sector to the economy and livelihoods, strategic alliances must be developed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Since 2010, policy progress has been made with the introduction of the “Grand Design”, a blueprint for the development of early childhood care and education (ECCE), building on a programme dating back to 2001. The Grand Design sets outcomes, targets and principles for the expansion of early-years education and care from 2011 to 2025 as part of an ambitious and far reaching set of goals to be realised by 2045. Increasingly the period from birth to six years is being seen in a more holistic way, bringing together health, social care, childcare and education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The upside risk is from potential trade and investment impacts related to the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement. Together with the floods, strong domestic demand and continued monetization of the fiscal deficit drove up inflation to 10.7% in 2015 from 5.9% in 2014. On the external front, exports of natural gas increased, but imports grew more rapidly, resulting in a wider current account deficit of 9% in 2015.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In many social studies, Madura is known as an archipelago with its various local wisdom, embodied in the socio-religious systems and structures of pesantren. Pesantren is a social system and structure that contains local values which have great influence especially on the formation of Islamic traditions among the Madurese community. This study employs a qualitative approach with a library method, combined with the perspective of the sociology of religion. Theoretically, this study is aimed to enrich the scholarship on social and religious studies, and practically to build Islamic culture that upholds the values of moderatism. The findings of this study contain an in-depth description of local wisdom values of pesantren in Madura, their role in, and influence on, the formation of Islamic moderatism among the Madurese community.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Overall, the share of general services in total support increased from 11% in 1995-97 to 21% in 2009-11, however transfers to producers individually continue to be the major component of agricultural support in Kazakhstan. The %TSE in Kazakhstan is comparable to that in the European Union and the United States, and much smaller than in Ukraine and Russia, countries moving on a similar economic path as Kazakhstan. This is driven by several considerations. First, there is a desire to compensate for the decline the agricultural sector experienced during the early transition period. Second, development of agriculture is part of the overall strategy for economic diversification to reduce dependency on energy income. Third, agricultural output growth has been viewed as a key factor of food security, a view that has strengthened since the onset of the high food price volatility in 2008.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
It is important to emphasise that eliminating zoning will not address the problems of social segregation and segregated land use if conditional urban developments are not grounded in a city-wide vision for urban spatial development. The German zoning system provides a useful example of an approach that relies on zoning, and also allows for flexibility and a mix of uses throughout most of an urban area. As in single-use zoning, land-use zones are separated into categories, such as residential, commercial, industrial and mixed use. However, in each zone, other uses are also allowed either automatically or based on conditions (see Table 2.4).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
As such, current low funding for research may constrain sustainable agricultural productivity growth in future and, in turn, the capacity of countries to eliminate food insecurity. Beyond funding for agricultural research, development and extension, the OECD (2013a) has stressed the importance of agricultural innovation policy3 - and governments' role in the AIS more broadly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This has been accompanied by a rise in mobile broadband coverage from less than ten per cent of the population in 2010 to over half in 2016 (Figure 2.4, right). The rollout of 3G services by the national operator, Econet Telecom Lesotho (ETL) and South African based Vodacom has also provided impetus for nationwide signal coverage which boosted usage. Mobile broadband penetration stood at 37% in 201624. Vodacom was the first operator to introduce mobile broadband services in the country, based on HSPA technology.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Producer organisations exist for sugar, cocoa, coconut, palm oil, rice, sugar, tobacco and coffee. In more recent years it has moved on to campaign on issues such as food sovereignty, sustainable agriculture and anti-neoliberalism, protesting strongly against rice imports and “unfair” trade practices such as subsidised commodity imports. Other national farmer organisations include the National Peasant Union (Serikat Tani National, STN), the Alliance of Agrarian Reform Movements (Aliansi Gerakan Refarma, AGRA), and the Indonesian Peasant’s Alliance (Aliansi Petani Indonesia, API). A farmer’s interest in joining an organisation or group tends to be based on the assistance to be provided to the group. Consequently, farmer organisations are generally dependent on facilities from other institutions and their activities will likely cease without help.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
How do we reduce the prevalence of gender-based violence? Most of these countries are also confronting the increasingly important issue of ageing populations and devising policies to meet the needs of older people while keeping them engaged in their communities. “ Each society, each community, must prepare and put in place structures that can accommodate older people and treat with dignity those who have earned their age,” Osotimehin says.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)