albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
In this chapter, Taylor explores some of the new forms of intersection between feminism and celebrity culture, including the proliferation of celebrities publicly claiming a feminist identity. Engaging with debates about the ‘democratization’ of celebrity, including through ‘micro’-celebrities, she also addresses the role of new media in helping to shape the kinds of feminisms that come to be publicly available. Taylor argues that, despite these new connections, the blockbuster continues to help shape public debate around the meanings of feminism. Finally, she points to some further ways through which scholars might gain a deeper, multi-faceted understanding of the social and political function of celebrity feminism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For example, the forestry unit for oil and gas employs some 600 workers. The forestry unit is responsible for 2,323 ha of the SFF. In the desert areas, this might lead to desertification (moving sands), and in the mountains to the degradation of soils and the danger of mud flows {set). An exception could be juniper and the tugai forest species, growing in areas which could be difficult to reach.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This implies that African countries and development partners need to invest more resources in gathering data and refining the methodologies to establish baselines and monitor progress. Data and metadata for this indicator are available, and latest data for the majority of African countries are from 2014. For Africa, the proportion of the urban population living in slums declined to about 34 per cent in 2014, from 37.5 per cent in 2010 - a 3.6 per cent. The decline in the proportion of people living in slums can be attributed to the slum redevelopment and affordable housing programmes that several countries in the developing regions, including in Africa, have rolled out in the past years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
For school-aged immigrants, this active role can begin in the classroom through the language learning process. However, a number of challenges exist that hinder language learning of immigrant and refugee students. Within two months of starting school, all new arrivals are assessed on their academic knowledge and language skills.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Developing and other economies include all other countries, regardless of whether they receive ODA. Of critical importance is the fact that access to an “improved” water source does not necessarily mean access to “safe” water fit for human consumption. As a result, half of Africa’s hospital beds are filled with people suffering from a water-related disease (OECD, 2012b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The Brazilian Instituto de Pesquisa Economica Aplicada (Institute of Applied Economic Research, IPEA) has noted that every Real (BRL) invested in the programme increases GDP by BRL 1.44. The 16 million children and adolescents whose school attendance is monitored by the programme show lower rates of truancy and are performing at a level equal to the average student in the public school system, despite their impoverished economic condition. This will lead to a future for these children far different from the situation of exclusion suffered by their parents and grandparents.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Turkey’s conditional support to farmers based on crop and irrigation choices (Box 4) may show the case of a medium scope of reform, a low scope of action and high government involvement. Source: Authors’ own work. Implementing water and agriculture policy changes as part of a holistic water policy change differs from dedicated changes in policies addressing specific agriculture and water issues. Reforms associated with significant changes in institutions and governance systems will require different engagement than those that will focus on revising existing policies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Through special measures, historical wrongs and inequalities are corrected by temporarily giving advantages to women, and giving them access to opportunities that traditionally have been out of their reach. Achieving substantive equality requires a change in attitudes, in gender roles and stereotyping, a fundamental societal change which will lead to a change in women's lived realities. Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp. They must refrain from engaging in discriminatory practices, ensure that third parties do not discriminate in a forbidden manner and take positive action to guarantee women's equality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, the indicators have two limitations that must be mentioned, namely: (a) the indicators are based on national averages, and (b) neither indicator measures the quality of the service provided. Hence, the deficit shown by these indicators may be greater in rural areas or less developed regions of a country, and may affect poorer sections of the population to a greater degree. However, across the countries of the region progress in achieving Millennium Development Goal 2 has, to varying degrees, fallen short. In a number of countries, a significant proportion of the population of primary school age is still excluded.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Men reacted positively because the gender division of labour remained unchanged and intra-household conflicts over palm oil harvesting decreased. Gender-balanced employment in these institutions can also help. Where appropriate, officials' performance should be evaluated against gender-related targets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Ffigher demand combined with a reduction in supply can be expected to result in higher world prices, holding other factors constant. A 2010 study by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, using the AGLINK-COSIMO model for scenario analysis, examined the potential medium term impacts of such depreciation on world agricultural commodity prices. For each major currency, the average 2002-08 appreciation against the US dollar was calculated and held constant at this level in each projection year out to 2019.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The results show that the main issue for emerging economies is not the lack of jobs as such, but the shortage of quality jobs. This is partly the reflection of inadequate social security, which pushes workers into subsistence-level occupations. Earnings quality is generally much lower in emerging economies than in more developed OECD countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Furthermore, also prior to the reform the participation rate of French mothers with young children was already quite high compared to most other OECD countries. Org/10.1016/i.iPubeco.2014.12.013: Geyer, J., P. Haan and K. Wrohlich (2015), “The Effects of Family Policy on Maternal Labor Supply: Combining Evidence from a Structural Model and a Quasi-experimental Approach”, Labour Economics, Vol. An Evaluation of a French Reform of Childcare Subsidies”, Labour Economics, Vol.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
textabstractThe past generation has seen a switch to restrictive policies and language in the governance of migrants living in the Netherlands. Beginning in 2010, a new government with right-wing populist backing went further, declaring the centrality of proposed characteristic historic Dutch values. In this article, we investigate a key policy document to characterize and understand this policy change. Discourse analysis as an exploration of language choices, including use of ideas from rhetoric, helps us apply and test ideas from governmentality studies of migration and from discourse studies as social theorizing. We trace the chosen problem formulation, the delineation, naming, and predication of population categories, the understanding of citizenship, community, and integration, and the overall rhetoric, including chosen metaphors and nuancing of emphases, that links the elements into a meaning-rich world picture. A “neoliberal communitarian” conception of citizenship has emerged that could unfortunately subject many immigrants to marginalization and exclusion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For every 100 hospitalised casualties, police reported 115 serious injuries - serious injuries do not always result in hospitalisation. The reporting ratio that was achieved is a more accurate reflection of the true level of serious road trauma. Over the same period, the number of crash casualty hospital admissions was stable, indicating that the actual level of road trauma had not risen, and the significant increase in reported injuries was attributable to improved reporting. Figure 5.1 shows how Otago and Southland police reporting of serious injuries improved between 1997 and 2002.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Se ha dedicado una section especifica a las pensiones no contributivas, su evolution en todo el mundoy su potencial para solucionar las deficiencias existentes en el acceso a la proteccion de las personas de edad avanzada de los diferentes grupos de ingresos y genero. Por ultimo, se analizan algunos de los com-ponentes mas relevantes incorporados a los sistemas de pensiones contributivas a fin de protegera las mujeres en el seno de la familia, incluido el derecho de lasmujeresviudasydivorciadasa recibiruna pension y los creditos de cotizacion para las y los cuidadores. Dado que las mujeres cuentan con historiales contributivos mas limitados y que su esperanza de vida supera a la de los hombres, las politicas que refuerzan los requisitos contributivos o hacen hincapie en el ahorro individual pueden dificultar la obtencion de prestaciones adecuadas por parte de las mujeres.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
They occupy hard-bottom subtracts (rocks) and are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, host an extremely high biodiversity (>100,000 individuals and >200 species per square meter) and provide important ecosystem services. Seagrasses meadows are marine plants that form underwater "grass fields" typically growing half a meter tall from the bottom, and thrives on soft sediments in shallow bays and estuaries. Seagrass are important food sources for animal grazers and host a high biodiversity, including large variety offish and shellfish species.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
It is estimated that just under 1 billion people live in extreme poverty worldwide (i.e. on less than USD 1.25 per day - at PPP-adjusted, 2005 prices). Three-quarters of them live in rural areas (UNDP, 2015), and two-thirds earn their living from agriculture (Olinto et al., These estimates of the rural-urban disparity may be somewhat low. Indicators of multidimensional poverty - a measure that utilises more inclusive dimensions of acute poverty in health, education and living standards - put the rural-urban poverty divide as high as 85% (Alkire et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
As you are planning any lesson for pupils ask yourself: What are the essential knowledge, skills or understanding I want all students to get from the lesson? Ask yourself - how do my pupils learn best? Take account of learning styles. Most pupils can learn in visual, auditory or kinaesthetic ways, though most have a preference and it is good to know these.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
As of April 2012, Coded in Country had built relationships with and developed company profiles for 20 software firms in 14 countries, with significant representation in sub-Saharan Africa. Using the website, organizations can learn about local software firms, read about their successes, determine their competencies and ultimately connect with a local partner. Coded in Country is also currently developing a new service called Coded in Country-Connect. It aims at helping the international development community to identify appropriate local software partners based on their project’s needs. This service is scheduled to be rolled out in the third quarter of 2012.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
However, national laws stipulate that rents can be raised in designated monument areas, which then impedes upon the desire for mixed neighbourhoods. Some academics have declared the end of the planning doctrine alongside a diminished role for the Dutch social welfare state. In particular, it has been argued that the “green heart” as a national policy concept was a cornerstone of the planning doctrine, and that its demise thus marks the end of this approach (Faludi, 1991,1999, Faludi and van der Valk, 1997, Roodbol-Mekkes, van der Valk, Altes, 2012). In support of this argument, between 1989 and 1993, the population growth rate in the “green heart” was 4.8% - which was higher than the national average over that time at 3.0%- indicating that the area does indeed face development pressure (Needham, 2014: 46).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Adding a 10% margin for the bazaar retailer who is also typically an individual entrepreneur, the meat will sell at KZT 1126 per kg. He collects meat from 4-6 households daily and pays cash from own sources, he rarely takes credit to pay the households for purchased meat. Price information is usually obtained at the city market or from friends, the trader also mentioned the availability of daily online price information by KazAgroMarketing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Contemporary advances in the field of political economy, particularly those concerning the subject of delegated authority, can provide a unifying framework for analyzing the behavior and political context of criminal prosecutors in the United States. This perspective, which focuses on the extent of conflict between an official's motives and those of other actors, and the degree to which information is unevenly distributed among those actors, is well suited for studying prosecutors—the vast majority of whom are elected but whose accountability is frequently called into question. We apply this perspective to three areas in the existing literature on prosecutors: plea bargaining, courtroom communities, and public corruption prosecution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
An online process to complete all the steps for starting a business is being developed under the Better Regulations Programme. At the same time, there is a need to reduce the number of steps and procedures, which is the focus of preparation work in 2009. As noted in Chapter 2, Poland has one of the most restrictive regulations affecting entrepreneurship among OECD countries. The value-added tax (VAT) exemption level only applies to enterprises with turnover of less than PLN 50 000, which is low compared to international standards, and requires excessive compliance time compared to other EU countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In this chapter we review some of the Nordic experiences of market-based fisheries management seen from a social perspective. Fisheries management is related to the biological and economic management of fisheries, but also have various implications for different social groups, social relations and for individual career patterns. In particular, market-based fisheries management has been implemented in many ways and with very different objectives in the Nordic countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The indicator system covers 20 indicators in five major dimensions not confined to academic performance but also including moral development, physical and mental development, nurturing of academic interest and pupils’ burden. This framework was piloted in 30 areas, including in Zhejiang Province and Shanghai Municipality. Several aspects of the current education system are recognised as needing reform to enable the country’s transition towards an innovation economy. Schoolwork burdens on primary and middle-school students are often too heavy and there is enormous family pressure to get admitted to good schools.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This study therefore investigates whether children's material circumstances deteriorated during the Great Recession to a greater extent compared with the population as a whole. It is expected that children suffered more in the countries that were hit by the crisis more severely. However, research on previous downturns in industrialized countries suggests that economic crises tend to affect children excessively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
That indicator showed significant drops in several countries, among which are the Bolivarian Republic ofVenezuela (-18%), Argentina (-10%), Peru (-9%), Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay and the Plurinational State of Bolivia, (each with -8%). Figure 1.8 illustrates the percentage change in the Gini, Theil and Atkinson indices (the latter, calculated with an inequality aversion ratio of 1.5) between 1990 and the date of the most recent data available. Because these indices assign different weights to each income distribution bracket, they may show different trends.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
They are also a litmus test for political will and commitment to gender equality. Gender equality and womens empowerment, in particular, are recognised as essential components of human development and basic human rights. Yet nowhere, says the report of the United Nations (UN) to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995, ‘is the gap between de jure and de facto equality among men and women greater than in the area of decision-making’ (UN 1995, p. 12). The 2016 World Economic Forum (WEF) Gender Gap Report (WEF 2016) noted that, while the gender gap in political participation was the widest that year, it exhibited the most progress, narrowing by 9 per cent since 2006.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Abstract   The modern state is being reshaped by multiple forces acting simultaneously. From above, the state is actively constrained by agreements promoted by international agencies and by the power of multinational corporations. From within, the state is being reshaped by increasing trends toward marketization and by problems of corruption. From below, the state's role is being diminished by the expansion of decentralization and by the rising influence of non-governmental organizations. This article explores these three sets of processes—from above, from within, and from below—and suggests some implications for public health. Public health professionals require an understanding of the changing nature of the state, because of the consequences for thinking about the metaphors, solutions, and strategies for public health.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Being unemployed at the beginning of working life generally increases the probability of being unemployed later (UNIDO, 2013). Increasing the level of employment among these groups not only increases their personal income but also increases the economy's overall income through a general rise in aggregated consumption. According to the virtuous circle, the creation of new demand is highly dependent on household's discretionary income, which in turn depends on employment possibilities (UNIDO, 2017b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Multiple stressors including eutrophication, sediment runoff, dredging and coastal development have been suggested as drivers of this negative development. Although bladder wrack is now recovering in some areas (Kautsky, Martin, & Snoeijs-Leijonmalm, 2017, Laamanen, Korpinen, Zweifel, & Andersen, 2017), it is still declining at other locations (Vahteri & Vuorinen, 2016). During the last years, the depth distribution has increased, for instance at the Swedish coast of the northern Baltic proper and the Sea of Aland. Eutrophication is suggested to be the main driver for the historical decrease in bladder wrack (Torn et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This approach is used by the UK Adaptation Sub-Committee (ASC). The ASC works with sectoral experts to determine what aspects of adaptation to focus on within pre-defined thematic areas. Drawing on different sources of data that are publicly available or available free of charge, the ASC assesses the UK’s preparedness to face identified climatic risks (ASC, 2012). This is the approach used by Germany (Schonthaler et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The variable Iny is the log of real GDP per capita so that the left-hand side of equation [1] approximates five-year growth in a country. On the right hand-side, Ineq is a summary measure of inequality, per capita GDP (yc-i) is the standard control for convergence, and the vector X contains a minimum set of controls for human and physical capital (see Annex 2.A1 for a detailed description of variables and sources). Using panel data allows accounting for country and time fixed effects (//c and pi). The country dummies are included to control for time-invariant omitted-variable bias, and the period dummies are included to control for global shocks, which might affect aggregate growth in any period but are not otherwise captured by the explanatory variables.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Where individual projects are listed, the nature of the activity and sector could be made clearer, for example “tagged” as addressing adaptation, mitigation, or other. When aggregating amounts, it can be difficult to separate finance received for mitigation, adaptation, or both, and difficult to disaggregate finance received with other types of support (capacity building, technology). Countries would need to careful not to double-count finance received across different areas of use. Countries with such systems in place could report results either quantitatively or qualitatively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In light of a recent shift in dialogue to hard law standards in the domain of business and human rights, this article provides an in-depth examination of the viability of a business and human rights treaty. It seeks to advance a valid theoretical model for a treaty that directly addresses non-State actors, explores the allocation of responsibility among multiple duty-bearers, and contemplates the scope, content, and enforcement of the potential obligations. By supplementing this analysis with analogies drawn from existing treaty regimes, the article aims to contribute positively to the normative development of international law in the field.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It should be subject to random external checks and be systematically assessed by internal audit exercises. The new guidance should be monitored and assessed on an annual basis to make the marker a reliable instrument for measuring progress in UNDP programming. Furthermore, if the gender marker is not suited for tracking expenditures with a credible level of specificity at the project and outcome levels, it is recommended that consideration be given to developing a new tracking and benchmark system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The program is global in nature and encompasses both fund investments and co-investments. In addition, CalSTERS Global Equity investments include a sustainable manger portfolio with a ‘double bottom line’ legal of financial and sustainable outperformance, and CalSTERS Fixed Income Green Program screens and monitors fixed income holdings both in terms of ESG risk exposure and ESG opportunity capture. Projects in the sector are offering attractive returns, at a lower risk than listed equity markets, he said.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation and Ukraine. A more exhaustive analysis followed, including the life-cycle factors most associated with life satisfaction in the first stage. This second analysis sought to identify interactions between life-cycle factors and living conditions because, for example, the effects of age on life satisfaction might not be the same at different levels of monetary income. The U-shaped pattern described in the literature (showing higher levels of satisfaction at younger ages and in older adults) is seen in the Nordic countries and does not strictly hold for continental Europe or the Anglo-Saxon countries, because the youngest are less likely to be satisfied than older persons are.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)