albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Over-age attendance as a result of grade repetition and/or late entry risks reducing participation in education (UNESCO, 2016(7]). For all other countries with available data, this share ranges between 0% and 5% (Figure Bl.a). In the last grade of lower secondary education, this share increases for most countries and doubles on average across the OECD (from 2% to 4%). The share of over-age students increases most from the last grade of primary education to the last grade of lower secondary education for Argentina (by 10 percentage points), Costa Rica (by 14 percentage points), Luxembourg (by 12 percentage points) and Spain (by 8 percentage points), while it decreases substantially for Hungary (by 7 percentage points), highlighting a high rate of dropout and a drop in enrolment rates for 15-19 year-olds.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
As part of this process, Lithuania must undergo in-depth technical reviews in all relevant areas of the organisation’s work, including education and skills. This report is an input to this process. It evaluates national policies and practices in Lithuania in education and skills, compared to OECD member countries and reference countries in the Nordic and Baltic region. It does so according to five principles that are essential to effective education systems: a strong focus on improving learning outcomes, equity in educational opportunity, the ability to collect and use data to inform policy, the effective use of funding to steer reform, and the extent of multi-stakeholder engagement in policy design and implementation. Based on these benchmarks, the review both underlines the many strengths of Lithuania’s education system and provides recommendations on how to improve policies and practices so that the country' can fully achieve OECD standards of education attainment and outcomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Under this standard, NMFS is defining fishing communities and profiling these communities to enable improved social impact analyses for all federally managed fisheries. The IFA provides that the Department of Commerce can provide disaster assistance to states determined by the Secretary of Commerce to have been affected by a commercial fishery failure or serious disruption affecting future production due to a fishery resource disaster (e.g. from either natural or undetermined causes). Funds as appropriated may be used for any purpose the Secretary determines appropriate to restore an affected fishery or to prevent future failures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (1CPDR) stands as a positive model for cooperation between EU and non-EU countries. Older agreements date back mainly to the 1950s and 1960s, including the Finnish-Norwegian, Finnish-Russian and Polish-Russian agreements, the 1929 Convention between Norway and Sweden being the oldest. Currently, a number of countries are in the process of revising or have recently revised their bilateral agreements.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Targets and expectations associated with the main elements of Portugal’s energy policies are shown in Table 5.1. Portugal has taken an innovative approach to unbundling gas and electricity transport assets, with a unique entity (the National Energy Networks) in charge of grid planning, construction, operation and maintenance (IEA, 2009a). The Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communications is responsible for most energy related and environmentally related transport initiatives. Municipalities play a strong role in implementing energy measures, especially those concerning energy efficiency and, more recently, micropower generation and transport (Box 5.1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Some of these latter organisations serve a very specific target group of either more established businesses with high-growth potential (Endeavor Egypt) or technology enterprises (e.g. Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center [TIEC] and iPark), where there is a much smaller pool of potential women clients from which to draw'. For example, the Caisse Centrale de Garantie (CCG) in Morocco developed a protocol with the Association of Women Entrepreneurs of Morocco (AFEM) to create a partnership in the organisation of regional caravans to create awareness and provide information to women entrepreneurs about ILYAKI, their new loan guarantee product designed for women. The Small and Microenterprise Promotion Service (SMEPS) in Yemen networks with microfinance institutions to promote its services among their women clients and organises open seminars and workshops to which women are invited.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In some regions, supplementary questions are asked in addition to core questions. In many countries, the survey is conducted once per year, and fieldwork is generally completed in two to four weeks. Higher values indicate higher level of subjective well-being. Higher values indicate higher inequalities (latest available year).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Some colleges developed partnership-teaching, in w hich basic skills specialists and course tutors worked together to offer support as part of a course. This approach had two advantages: it allowed to support those w'ho were reluctant to attend targeted workshops, and it related basic skills development to the student’s course. Those who received basic skills support were three times less likely to drop out. They also had better completion (those on a two-year course) and qualification rates (those on a one-year course) than those who did not receive support. The Relationship between Basic Skills Support, Drop Out, Retention and Achievement in Further Education Colleges, Basic Skills Agency, London.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Abstract Partnership working between the public, private and third sectors is a defining feature of the contemporary local public policy landscape in the UK. Community Planning Partnerships (CPPs) in Scotland involve representatives from different sectors working in partnership, led by the relevant local authority. CPPs resemble local governance reforms elsewhere in the UK and encounter similar problems, among which are difficulties in successfully integrating voluntary sector organisations. This article draws upon research which explored the influence of voluntary sector participants in relation to community planning processes at the strategic, managerial and operational levels. It examines the suspicion that voluntary sector representatives have a ‘mere presence rather than a voice’ in local policy-making (Cameron, S. & Davoudi, S. (1998) Combating social exclusion – looking in or looking out?, in: G. Madaanipour et al. (Eds) Social Exclusion in European Cities, pp. 250 (London: Jessica Kingsley), and e...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The axes of the economic landscapes are the sectors or agents involved in the productive processes, while the heights are the values resulting from the transactions and interactions, either directly or indirectly. The heights could include, for example, values of production, value added, imports and number of people employed. This helps them see in detail how the effect of a change in a sector unfolds before getting to the final household type.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The horizontal and vertical nature of tourism complicates the role that governments can play in supporting the development of the industry. The Indonesian authorities expect a surge in the number of tourist arrivals in the near future, which wall put pressure on infrastructure, local communities, cultural heritage and environmental assets like forests, coral reefs, beaches and wildlife. Digitalisation is also reshaping the tourism sector worldwide, which requires policy attention to ensure infrastructure and regulations are appropriate. Finally, the market is growing but is also increasingly competitive.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
So such content elements are delivered over a broadband channel like the Internet. It allows the creation of an environment for consumers to make use of software applications provided via the broadcast signal but, mostly, via an IP connection. It provides the possibility to retrieve, consume, store, edit and create additional content by simple interaction of the broadcast and non-broadcast environments, as well enabling social networking.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
A ban can selectively hinder certain choices, with the aim of limiting the overall consumption of a commodity or incidence of a given behaviour. The results of the survey revealed that governments have focused more of their actions on diets rather than on active lifestyles, although action relating to the latter is the responsibility of regional or municipal levels of government in many countries. The survey also revealed that most actions were focused on increasing choice and delivering information and education programmes to influence preference.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Moreover, internal and international migrations can be linked in a stepwise migration process, whereby for example an internal move towards larger cities then leads to international migration. According to Lee, in addition to push and pull factors, migration decisions are affected by a set of intervening obstacles or constraints that may prevent people from migrating or at least make migration more difficult and/or costly. These decisions are subject to constraints or obstacles that may prevent people from moving, such as the cost of migrating and the distance to be travelled, among others.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The reform has been implemented since the 2014/15 school year. As basis of this reform, the government set three national goals: i) the Folkeskole must challenge all students to reach their full potential, ii) the Folkeskole must lower the significance of social background on academic results, and iii) trust in the Folkeskole and student wellbeing must be enhanced through respect for professional knowledge and practice in the Folkeskole. These three goals were conceived to set a clear direction and a high level of ambition for the development of the Folkeskole and to provide a clear framework for a systematic and continuous evaluation of the reform. The three national goals are operationalised through four clear, simple and measurable targets that form the basis for dialogue and follow-up regarding the development of students’ academic performance and wellbeing at all levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Electricity production in 2015 generally declined compared to the early 2000s (by about 25%), particularly in Chisinau. This is closely related to the increase in gas prices. Energocom is a state-owned company and acts as a single buyer at nonregulated prices for imported electricity from Ukraine as well as from Transnistria. Energocom sells to RED Nord and RED Nord-Vest, or directly to eligible customers (Ener2i, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s). Comments on Working Papers are welcomed, and may be sent to the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs OECD, 2 rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. Authorship is usually collective, but principal writers are named. The papers are generally available only in their original language - English or French -with a summary in the other. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Students were expected to acquire a basic body of knowledge and then specialise in a field of their choice and pursue a professional career in that area. To achieve this aim, it was considered sufficient for teachers to transmit accumulated knowledge and for students to memorise it. This approach worked when jobs were also compartmentalised, specialised and stable, allowing most people to find a job for life or at least stay in the same field. The landscape has changed dramatically in recent years, putting huge pressure on education systems to adapt to a rapidly evolving ecosystem.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Mali _ Eritrea _ igascar _ n. Rep.. nzania _ Liberia _ anuatu . Sudan _ Suinea _ la Faso. ( This loss may be addressed through targeted measures aimed at increasing export competitiveness or through assistance for adjustment, including AfT (Bouet et al. As a result, the Bali decision on DFQF largely reiterates what had been agreed at the 2005 Hong Kong ministerial meeting with only minor procedural improvements.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Support should be provided for extension learning centres that draw on a range of providers, including several colleges, possibly Open University and other universities, in villages with low tertiary education participation rates. When developing the network of education providers, care should be taken to ensure that the population continues to have access to adequate lifelong learning services. Adequate IT infrastructure should be put in place to ensure high speed, low cost connectivity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The distribution and abundance of tuna stocks are influenced by the currents, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrient supply (Bell et al. Collectively, these states, which are also members of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA), control the world’s largest sustainable tuna purse seine industry. Only around 20 per cent of catches occur outside the waters of the Commonwealth Pacific small states, including in Indonesia’s and the Philippines’ waters, and up to 7 per cent occurs in international waters.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Other activities include analysing and assessing emerging problems, projects and policy interventions. The third area of activities in the FAO projects are supporting state management at all levels such as: developing legal documents, strategies, action plans, policy mechanisms, governance mechanisms as well as agricultural product standards, quality management and food safety, as well as introducing and complying with international norms and standards. The financial requirement for implementing CPF 2012-16 is USD 62.5 million. Provincial People’s Committees implement the support at local level (TYan and Dinh, 2014a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
However, available finance for investment in agriculture falls well short of needs. Smallholder producers in developing countries face major hurdles in accessing credit for investing in new technologies and practices, and female farmers even more so. The shortfall in finance limits investment in agriculture and food security and, with it, the capacity of smallholders to adapt to climate change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Fifteen years after the end of the Cold War there is a new deep worldwide preoccupation with the short‐ and long‐term outlook for international order. The case of Iraq shows that there is no valid alternative to an international order based on the principles of democracy, respect for freedom, human rights, solidarity and international law. However, the foundations of this order have to be strengthened through effective cooperation and commitment, both by the developed and the developing world. No country, small or large, can feign indifference, go it alone or afford the illusion that it will not be affected by the quality of the international order in the years to come. In this context, introduces a series of analyses that were presented at two international seminars, illustrating the complexity of international order.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In the 1970s, aquaculture accounted for about 696 of fish available for human consumption and for about 496 of total supply, in 2006 it accounted for 47% of human consumption and 3696 of total supply. This growth has occurred more quickly in some regions of the world than in others. The same pattern appears when production is broken down by species. However, in recent years the rate of growth in global aquaculture production has been slowing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The following analysis is based on data received from the office of Disaster Risk Management, which shows both the quantity of food assistance in metric tons and the monetary value of the assistance. The value of food assistance was highest in Tigray, with an average value of ETB 124 million between 2005/06 and 2015/16, followed by Amhara and Oromia regions with values of ETB 113 million and ETB 87.4 million respectively. Average yearly expenditure was about ETB 2.7 billion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Internet-based education programmes tailored to fanners or the general rural population become feasible with reliable broadband networks, raising farm productivity and supporting the development of non-agricultural rural industries. A well-functioning broadband network may also help increase the efficiency of China’s rural social welfare systems, improving welfare assessment and targeting and better informing rural citizens about nearby services and opportunities. A recent survey covering 3 000 households in Guizhou, Jilin and Shandong provinces found that only around a quarter of the villages had a facility for public internet access (World Bank, 2013b). The State Council has prioritised the completion of a national broadband network covering both urban and rural areas by 2020.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
For an example of a DREP model of poverty dynamics in Germany extended to allow for feedback effects on household composition and labour force participation, see Biewen (2009). Biewen (2009: Table IV) reports that the estimate of the APE for lagged poverty status from the extended model is roughly half that of the corresponding APE for the basic DREP model (0.31 compared to 0.61). Thus, different assumptions can make a substantial difference to the estimates. However, fitting DREP models that incorporate feedback effects is difficult, especially since software modules to fit them are not widely available and, in any case, identification of model parameters is hampered by a lack of plausible instruments. Getting definitions right is important not only for intrinsic validity, but because having different definitions in different studies hampers cross-study comparisons of estimates. Additional empirical issues that may have an impact are the length of the panel, whether the panel is ‘balanced’ (i.e. whether all individuals in the sample are observed in each time period), and sample dropout.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The case study below also provides an example of NFP (and GEF Operational Focal Point) collaboration which has already resulted in the mobilisation of additional resources for the coherent implementation of multiple conventions. An assessment has been completed and a strategy is currently being prepared. Mr. Moustafa Fouda was involved in all preparations and explains that meetings are organized in order to evaluate all funding available to the region, taking into account how much has been spent, how much is still available and how much is needed to put enforcement measures in place.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
It is the NGOs, mostly the Federation of Reproductive Health Associations, Malaysia (FRHAM) and its 13 state members associations that have taken upon themselves a task of making contraceptives available at a subsidized cost. Private outlets sell a wide variety of contraceptives, including emergency contraceptives, but this option is reserved for those who can afford higher prices. Similarly, in Singapore, with a decrease in subsidies to commodities and the closure of government family planning clinics in the mid-1980s, private sources (pharmacies and drugstores) have substituted public sources (Yap Mui Teng, 2007, p. 206).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
According to Sala-i-Martin and Artadi (2003), Arab countries were also in a period of economic stagnation characterized as highly volatile, with an overall tendency towards lower economic growth. To add to this predicament, wheat prices entered a period of volatility that culminated with a sharp price increase towards the mid- to late-1990s (IMF data, 2014). Consumption since 2000 can be characterized by a slight increasing trend, though the past few years of political instability in some countries of the region is not taken into account.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The importance of establishing clear goals and objectives should therefore not be underestimated. The MPA objectives should also be stated at an operational level, so as to be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound (SMART). In this context, it is therefore helpful to also define key desired outcomes that the MPA is intended to achieve (Jones, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Municipal water providers spend resources on water supply projects that rely upon the same water or build parallel pipelines. All water supply projects must go through lengthy, adversarial processes to receive permits. In most drainages and even some basins, municipal, industrial, environmental and agricultural needs are met depending on which user has pre-existing rights or has the most financial and political resources. One less than optimal result is that in a drought, for example, one town may have a full water supply and a neighbouring community little or nothing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Moreover, the Government orders that accompany the release of the funds to the city corporations/ pourashavas need to specify that the funds are to be dedicated to public and primary health in urban areas. To make the expenditure allocation and disbursement transparent and efficient, computerization of the accounting system is also imperative. Information, education and communication services should also be intensified to educate the poor about the consequences of being exposed to an unhygienic environment and eating stale food. The capacity of local government institutions to deal with public health issues needs to be improved by making them truly autonomous and financially independent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It corresponds to the area between the Lorenz curve and the equi-distribution line. The greater the income concentration, the larger this area will be, which increases the value of the indicator. For that reason, it is advisable to complement this analysis with other indicators that do satisfy this property, such as the Theil and Atkinson indices and the logarithmic variance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Concessional and non-concessional loans represents half of all ODF towards technology, with greater participation of multilateral agencies. The majority of all finance form multilateral agencies are extended in the form of loans. Support from private philanthropy represents a minor share of total support of technology-oriented development finance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The Venn diagram in Figure 1 illustrates the union approach and the concurrent ‘poverty groups’. The second column in Table 4 presents the proportions of the child population that are union poor and belong to either groups A, B or AB. Depending on the country and the domain under consideration, this percentage varies between 27 per cent and 49 per cent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
At the very least, it would be prudent to ensure that the development phase of primary care patient registration systems include appropriate functionality to record risk registers for the major chronic diseases. The development of a distinct primary care service that is provided in local communities will provide Korea with its best chance to meet its medium and longer term chronic and multi-morbidity health care needs. For such a service to flourish and to provide effective care, it is likely to be characterised by a system of local clinics that are led by family physicians and supported by properly trained practice nurses that seek to maintain contact with patients in supporting them with their health needs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)