albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The “uploading” of stabilization to UN peacekeeping presents conceptual, political, and practical challenges to the UN's role in global governance and international conflict management. While scholarly research on stabilization has generally focused on militarization, its relationship to peacebuilding in the context of UN peacekeeping is underexplored. This article examines that relationship. A survey of UN policy frameworks highlights the simultaneous emergence of stabilization and clear expressions of peacebuilding. The article then draws on fieldwork in Mali and the Democratic Republic of Congo to illustrate how stabilization is displacing peacebuilding in the practices of UN peacekeeping. The article argues that the politics of stabilization impede local forms of peacebuilding, at odds with the “Sustaining Peace” agenda, and risks jeopardizing the lauded conflict resolution potential of UN peacekeeping.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, it still represents a small fraction of total enrolments, below the OECD average, despite evidence that returns are high and labour market outcomes are positive (OECD, 2012). The Pronatec programme launched in 2011 aims to expand and strengthen the federal network of technical schools, invest in distance learning courses, provide free training places for young people from poor backgrounds and give financial support through loans and bursaries. Overcoming liquidity constraints through bursaries is an important pillar of this strategy, as financial reasons are a common explanation for not attending or finishing professional qualification and vocational courses (Ministry of Education, 2009, Neti, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Data for Morocco provided through the Clearing House Mechanism on Biodiversity of Morocco (CHMBM) also indicate that a fourth biosphere reserve (Biosphere Reserve of the Cddraie) is planned, incorporating an area of around 500,000 ha across the Ifrane, High Atlas Oriental and Khenifra National Parks, with a view to listing the Cedraie de 1’Atlas as World Heritage (table 9.4). In 2005, Morocco also designated 20 new Ramsar wetlands, bringing its total Ramsar sites to 24, covering a total area of over 272,010 ha. There is also a network of 160 Sites of Biological and Ecological Interest (SIBEs).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The power and reach of government agencies and corporations have increased greatly in the last few decades, and the prospects, and threats, inherent in so-called “public private partnerships” now loom large. The terrorist attacks of the first decade of the new century have been ruthlessly exploited by national security agencies not only to recover but to considerably extend their powers, to give them even greater freedom from democratic controls, and to increase their resources. Law enforcement agencies and even social control agencies have gained powers as well, in part by clinging to the coat-tails of national security.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Similar NIMBY movements exist against power transmission lines and pipelines. In Germany, there is already a NIMBY movement against CCS long before its commercialization (Roehrl and Toth, 2009). In poorer countries, higher energy prices typically mean higher food prices and potentially lead to increased poverty, social conflict and even revolts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Other relevant dimensions include the sex of the head of household, ethnic origin (poverty affects indigenous and Afro-descendent people more) and disability status (which is also highly correlated with poverty), among others. Several of these factors are reviewed in greater detail in section C of this chapter, which analyses progress made towards meeting the first target of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). X * * , iff!
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Public goods for agriculture, such as R&D, education and rural infrastructure, are a fundamental part of the enabling environment described in earlier chapters and they are essential for agricultural growth and poverty reduction. However, governments everywhere face financial constraints and competing demands, so they must make difficult choices in allocating public resources. Which public investments have the highest returns in terms of agricultural growth and poverty reduction?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The increased debt burden weighed down already fragile consumer and investor confidence. Rebuilding corporate and household balance sheets will also take time. While such measures often offer short-term palliative benefits, they incur other economic costs and thus should be removed when stability returns.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
It has great potential and can advance gender equality by empowering migrant women, since many migrate independently nowadays and become the main breadwinners for their families. However, migration can also increase vulnerabilities and put migrant women at risk of discrimination and violence. Women and children who migrate also become more vulnerable to other forms of exploitation. Those in an irregular situation are particularly vulnerable. The Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants noted in his 2012 report to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/20/24) that migrant women who are detained may be vulnerable to sexual violence committed by male detainees or guards. The Special Rapporteur encouraged States to give particular attention to the situation of migrant women in detention.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Singapore promised revenue neutrality by reducing vehicle taxes, while the Dutch proposed to replace vehicle ownership-based charges with usage-based charges (ITF, 2010). An increasing number of municipalities have replaced taxes on the value of buildings with taxes on the value of land sites, resulting in a decoupling of land value from the value of real estate improvements (Cohen and Coughlin, 2005). With the most famous example in Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) (Oates and Schwab, 1997), nowadays more than 700 cities worldwide use a “two-rate" taxation system, whereby the majority of property values is represented by land, whose value is often increased as a result of public investments in the surrounding area (e.g. attractive neighbourhoods and services).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
For many wood traders, sustainability is solely about procurement requirements and ticking the right boxes. For others, newly introduced legislation is the key consideration, while for the rest it is a set of voluntary' standards that simply tell the world that they are doing the right thing. Added to this, it is clear that the risks of climate change will become a key feature going forward and progressive companies are now recognizing that their sustainability will be measured and judged by their own carbon footprint in the years ahead. In the context of forest products the modem definition of sustainability will focus less on product source in isolation, and more towards a holistic business view.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Government policies surrounding biofuels mandates and subsidies also contributed. Price rises were particularly witnessed for wheat, coarse grains, rice and oilseed crops - all of which experienced strong real price growth between 2005 and 2010 (Figure 2.4). To convert to real prices, the average annual United States GDP deflator was applied to each monthly observation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
It also forbids the courts from accepting a disputed marriage or recognising a marriage unless it is confirmed by an official document and if both people are of legal age (see above). As customary marriage is still valid in Egypt, even without a ma ’zoun, the scope of these measures is limited. The same system has been adopted by Kuwait, where the man has to be 17 and the woman 15 (Articles 24, 26 and 92).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The government also initiated an ICT skills program for teachers as far back as 2000.158 Today almost all secondary schools are connected to the Internet. It has already achieved universal primary enrollment with a significant number of children then going on to secondary. This is manifested through an increase of more than thirty percentage points in gross secondary education enrollment between 2010 and 2015.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights|S)oecd.org. It notably used this tool in developing Sida's development cooperation strategy for the Syria crisis. This approach also tries to take into account how long-term trends - such as climate change, governance and insecurity, economic marginalisation and volatility, environmental degradation, and demographic shifts - can change the nature and impact of shocks in the future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The Rushdie affair has, since 1989 when the controversy was at its sharpest, been regarded as a central moment in the history of Muslim communities in Britain, and in British multiculturalism. More recent events, both in Britain and abroad, have provided more explosive images of violence and far more urgent concerns about national security, but the controversy over The Satanic Verses still looms large in scholarship and public discourse. There has always been disagreement about precise significance of the affair and what lessons, if any, can be drawn from it, but there is broad agreement amongst scholars that the controversy was indeed highly significant and about the general developments it stimulated. It is usually agreed that the affair created in Britain concern about “Islamic fundamentalism,” a social movement and political ideology that until then had been seen as an alien phenomenon confined to the Persian and Arab world.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
These precursor programmes and their congressional hearings gave farmers adequate experience with conservation programmes in general, making them more familiar with what was necessary for CRP. Representatives from organizations like the American Farmland Trust and the Conservation Foundation provided testimony for conservation programmes in 1985 before the Senate Agriculture Committee (Helms, 1990(83]). Actors in the agricultural sector were missing information when CRP started.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The studies presented in Appendices 1 and 2 rely on these methods to illustrate welfare values associated with natural and cultural heritage. Applying such methods is not straightforward, but a description of these methods and potential biases are beyond the scope of this study. More details on valuation techniques can be found in e.g. Freeman etai(2014) and also in a previous report published by the Nordic Council of Ministers, Barton etai, 2011.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Gender transformative programming” involving males and females has promoted change by challenging harmful gender norms to address the adverse distribution of power, roles, responsibilities and resources between men and women in countries such as Brazil, Egypt, Ethiopia, India and Peru. The core of Soul City's strategy is harnessing popular culture and communication to bring about social change. Using South Africa's public broadcasting infrastructure, the programmes communicate key public health messages and stimulate dialogue and debate.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In this process they receive support from special needs schools. At the end of primary education, children who have obtained all goals from the curriculum take a certificate of primary education. Also in special needs education children may in certain cases obtain a certificate which has the same value as the one from mainstream education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The number of children (age 0-14) killed in traffic was reduced from 1 148 in 1993 to 99 in 2013, representing a 91% improvement, compared to the overall improvement of 57% (ITF Road Safety Annual Report 2015, chapter on Korea, 2015 - data provided by KoROAD). This success followed a decision by the government to designate the improvement of children safety in traffic as one of the nation’s top priorities. This decision was supported by a range of effective safety measures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
However conception rates amongst women aged 15 to 17 remain higher than in the USA (2.9 per cent in 20123) and UK (2.8 per cent of 20124) where the greater likelihood of termination contributes to much lower rates of adolescent parenting. An analysis of South Africa and Zimbabwe's postcolonial legislations and policies suggests that while policy institutionalisation in both countries is an important step towards democratising formal schooling for girls who fall pregnant while at school, it cannot achieve this without confronting "the negative traditional, social and cultural variables that militate against pregnant girls who choose to pursue their educational aspirations through the formal school system" (Runhare et al., Young mothers in the region consistently get help from their own mothers, aunts or grandmothers in caring for their infants so they can continue with education or/and seek work opportunities, or simply because they continue to live in the parental home. However, new tensions are arising between the two generations of mothers because young mothers have slightly different conceptions of what 'good' motherhood entails, yet they do not have sufficient resources to create their own home in which to raise their child using these ideals (Moore, 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
According to Barros and Mendonga (2010), Brazil’s child labour rate is in the bottom quartile of developing and emerging economies, and it is approximately 25% lower than in countries with similar levels of GDP per capita. However, with 4.2% of children aged 6 to 15 still working in 2012, child labour remains an issue of concern. There is a strong link between poverty and child labour, as well as intergenerational persistence (Emerson and Souza, 2005).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The difference between this indicator and the beginning poverty rate is the distribution effect. The two effects can also be calculated with the beginning and ending periods interchanged. First, it is not exact: the residual has no analytical interpretation. The changes examined therefore encompass a longer period than the crisis itself. Of particular interest are labour income (as the primary source of household resources) and public transfers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
There is currently little agreement either nationally or internationally on practical ways to implement the concept of sustainable diets (UNEP, 2012). Nutritional status is a critical indicator of overall human and economic development, and good nutritional status is an essential social benefit in its own right. As an input to social and economic development. Good nutrition reduces disease and raises labour productivity and incomes, including of people working in agriculture.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Additionally, the most recent wave of new arrivals in 2015 increased diversity further because of the large numbers of immigrants and their corresponding diversity in country of origin. Increasing diversity is challenging the traditional building blocks of social cohesion. Building fair, cohesive societies that promote a new growth paradigm based on social equity cannot ignore the importance that attitudes, dispositions and perceptions both of new arrivals and natives have for the creation of social inclusion and social cohesion. Education systems should not only recognise the challenges in managing diversity but develop and implement effective responses to ensure that youth as well as adults, irrespective of their background, trust each other, trust public institutions, are mindful and open to diversity, and have the knowledge and skills to actively participate in the economic and social life of their communities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Y. Zhou and R. Tol, “Evaluating the costs of desalination and water transport”. Water Resources Research, vol. The transport costs are broken into capital costs ($0.13/m3), energy costs for pumping ($0.10/m3), operation and maintenance ($0.06/m3), and the cost of water at the source ($0.07/m3).47 Excluding the cost of water at the source, the total cost for capital, pumping, and operation and maintenance is $0.29/m for a Suez-Negev transfer.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Particular attention is given to the consideration of measures to mitigate any adverse impact and to policies that might better achieve the promotion of equal opportunities. The consideration of mitigation and alternatives is identified as a crucial element of the process: authorities must develop options that reflect the different ways of delivering a policy outcome. Mitigation can take the form of lessening the severity of an impact. Consideration must be given to whether separate implementation strategies are necessary for the policy to be effective for each relevant group.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In addition, the company manages 1,800 km of flood protection structures. Since 2003, new machinery has been acquired and there has been an increase in the yearly budget. Currently, JSCAWE is able to clean every year some 1,000 km of irrigation channels (400 km in 2003) and 400 km of flood protection structures (100 km in 2003).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Women account for less than 20% of entrants into tertiary-level computer science programmes in OECD countries and only around 18% of engineering entrants. And while less than 0.5% of girls wish to be ICT professionals, almost 5% of boys do. Since the OECD Council adopted the OECD Gender Recommendation, many countries have taken new measures or reinforced existing ones to increase the participation of under-represented groups - who include women and girls - in STEM studies and occupations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This paper considers the constitutional obstacles in Australia to the effective operation of a UK-style dialogue model of human rights protection. In Momcilovic v The Queen, the High Court of Australia relied upon separation of judicial power principles to frustrate the operation of dialogue models in Australia: whether enacted at the federal or State level. As a consequence, constitutionalism Australian-style – specifically, separation of powers implications – presents impenetrable obstacles to the effective operation of a UK-style dialogue model, and has locked in a limited role for the judiciary in the protection of rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
To start off his presentation, he put forth a question regarding what provisions of GATS offer an opportunity to advance the objective in terms of food security. Although it is not immediately obvious, many sectors have an important impact on food security, through finance, distribution, logistics and transportation. Though there are no assessments as to the extent to which regional agreements in SADC have led to distortions in domestic markets, such distortions will have to be managed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The foundation provides women entrepreneurs with the full range of BDS services, including assistance with feasibility studies and business plans, product development and design, start-up and advanced managerial training, and business counselling and mentorship. A special project is the Village Business Incubator (a virtual model) which promotes the role of rural women in economic development by encouraging them to establish micro- and small enterprises that reach beyond traditional home and gender-based models. Located in Irbid, this project targets women in 21 villages in Northern Jordan and focuses on non-primary activities in different sectors, such as food processing, handicrafts, small manufacturing services and environmentally friendly and eco-tourism products oriented to the fair trade channels. This so-called ILAYKI product offers a higher level of guarantee than the standard product.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Policy approaches need to foster youth job opportunities through the creation of a good investment climate and the removal of barriers to competition like land and credit market imperfections. Before they can be scaled up, such programmes need first to be run as pilot projects and then evaluated. Figure 8.1 shows that the graduation rates of both sexes at upper secondary (which includes programmes in post-secondary, non-tertiary education) and tertiary levels have risen across OECD countries. However, the share of women completing tertiary education has grown particularly rapidly. Although the numbers of men and women attaining upper secondary education have increased at similar rates, the proportion of men remains slightly higher (by 4 percentage points) simply because there are more men in post-secondary non-tertiaiy education programmes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Feminist economists have made valuable efforts to include recognition of domestic work in theoretical and methodological frameworks. Ecological economists, for their part, stress the need to take into account the principles governing nature in order to achieve sustainable development. The power relations and values underpinning the socioecological system that we —human beings and nature— constitute must be revised. These proposals could be enriched by incorporating a wider variety of perspectives, leading to the adoption of the kind of holistic approach that should characterize sustainable development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Universiti Sains Malaysia is one of the organisations involved in this effort. Potential actors include the Department of Environment, Penang State Government, the Municipal Council and NGOs such as SERI. Furthermore, USM’s Centre for Education, Training and Research in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (CETREE) promotes community services in relation to energy efficiency. It has a mobile unit to provide advocacy to school children on the themes of sustainability to operate more effectively. The BJIM also encourages community-based participatory projects and research. For example, it funded nearly 60 community projects over 2008/09.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
For example, one assumes that predicted traffic growth (particularly car travel) must be provided for (by adding road capacity). This approach has inevitably resulted in more travel, exacerbated car dependency1 and has encouraged dispersed patterns of development. The increased congestion comes at significant costs to the economy, the environment and the overall well-being of the population.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Panel B provides a better gauge of the risk by focusing on inflows into disability. The annual percentage-point increase in the recipiency rate prior to the crisis (2000 to 2007) is compared to the growth rate observed after the onset of the crisis (2007 to 2009 or 2010 depending on latest information available). That being said, factors other than the business cycle may also affect these recent trends in beneficiary numbers, making it difficult to discern the impact of the recent upsurge in unemployment. These factors include population ageing, since disability prevalence increases with age (OECD, 2010d), and disability benefit reforms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The weak positioning of women in economic, legal, political and socio-cultural spheres also renders them more vulnerable and less resilient to shocks. The experience of past crises has revealed several significant channels of gender impact. First, cuts in social spending led to significant increases in the burden of unpaid work borne by women which compensates for the loss of public provisioning.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)