albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
One of the purposes of the Commonwealth Research Symposium on Teacher Mobility, Recruitment and Migration in 2011 was to leam from the experience of the Commonwealth Teacher Recruitment Protocol (CTRP). Although Ethiopia is not a member of the Commonwealth, this paper intends to present Ethiopia’s experience related to the themes of the symposium. The paper analyses the issues related to the CTRP to help design a new protocol for future teacher management in relation to international recruitment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine school leaders’ preferences and practices in an environment of widespread decentralization, privatization, and school choice. In New Orleans, such reforms have been enacted citywide since Hurricane Katrina, making it an ideal site to examine what happens when policy makers lift restrictions for school leaders—and remove protections for teachers—related to teacher hiring on a large scale. Research Methods/Approach: In this exploratory study, I analyze qualitative data to examine school leaders’ preferences and practices when recruiting teachers in New Orleans. The data for the study come from 94 interviews with principals, district leaders, and charter network leaders. Findings: School leaders had different conceptions of “talent” and “fit,” and used a variety of strategies to recruit teachers. School districts and charter networks both supported and constrained school leaders’ autonomy and recruitment practices by screening applicants or setting guidelines ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Furthermore, collection rates are low, especially among smallholder farmers. Education enables both the development of new' technology and its adoption by producers (OECD, 2015). All six SEE economies are committed to compulsory primary education, and as a result literacy rates among farmers are close to 100%. However, some elderly farmers have not completed primary education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
As an example, UK has recently reorganised their technological service system into seven so-called Catapult Centres. Two of these centres - Digital Catapult and Advanced Manufacturing Catapult - play a key role in the digitalisation of the UK production sector. It is thus important to stress that it leaves most general innovation schemes out - and therefore does not give a full overview of all policies that in reality affect the level and pace of digitalisation and automation in manufacturing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Several fiscal incentives are available for landowners to enter into biodiversity stewardship agreements, such as property tax exclusion and income tax deductions. Other incentives include technical advice and support on biodiversity management. Biodiversity good practice management has been implemented at a number of biodiversity stewardship pilot sites across the country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Moreover, the provision of subsidies relied heavily on public borrowing. Instead of being seen as a powerful engine of development, subsidies and social transfers were judged too costly, regarded as having caused unsustainable fiscal deficits and undermined efficiency. Low growth and pressure to reduce fiscal deficits severely restricted new investments in health and education. However, social spending as a proportion of the budget did not decline in most countries, as the political pressure to sustain civil service jobs and wages was considerable.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The European Union has also been negotiating Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with Africa, Caribbean, Pacific (ACP) countries. This group is composed of seven regions: five in Africa, one in the Caribbean and one in the Pacific. Most recently, a deal w'as reached in July 2014 with 16 West African states and in October 2014 with the East African community.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Again, both unemployment and employment in the low-productivity sector of the economy continue to affect the young and the poorest women most. The same is not true of differences in perceptions of the labour market that might derive from the different positions and experiences of people in that market. This review will concentrate on detecting subjective divides associated with subjects’ position in the labour market, whether through direct measurements (employment or job type) or indirect ones (sex, age and education, among others).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Grant financing from developed countries, whose historical emissions give rise to the need to reduce emissions in the future, provides a means of internalizing these externalities in accordance with the “polluter pays” principle (Principle 16 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development) and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities establ ished in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).2 The cost structure of renewable generation also lends itself particularly well to grant financing, as the recurrent costs are limited to equipment operation and maintenance. This can provide an important means of reconciling the tension between affordability and financial sustainability. As discussed in chapter 5, this would provide an additional $34-$54 billion of ODA per year. Substantial further resources could be generated if developed countries honoured their commitments with respect to climate finance. If donors provided 0.7 per cent of their GNI in total and allocated 0.15-0.20 per cent of this to LDCs, given their relative populations, per-capita ODA to LDCs would be 1.8-2.6 times that allocated to ODCs. This falls far short of reflecting the major differences in their development needs and domestic capacity to meet those needs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It comprises a prohibition on direct discharges to groundwater, and (to cover indirect discharges) a requirement to monitor groundwater bodies so as to detect changes in chemical composition, and to reverse any antropogenically induced upward pollution trend. The presumption in relation to groundwater is that it should not be polluted at all. For this reason, setting chemical quality standards are not seen as the best approach, as it would give the impression of an allowed level of pollution to which EU member states can fill up. Avery few such standards have been established at EU level for particular issues (nitrates, pesticides and biocides).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
If such easing is undertaken in an environment in which other structural barriers that hamper the returns to investment, such as energy shortages, are removed, the cheaper price of credit can spur the activities of the private sector. Reducing the cost of credit by expansionary monetary policy will not necessarily lead to increased inflation if it is ensured that credits are directed through regulatory measures to productive investments, especially to agriculture and not to speculative investments in assets. It becomes negative only beyond moderate rates of inflation, ranging from 13% to 17%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Of course, the electricity sector is supposed to carry an important share of the effort to reach the objective of limiting the rise in temperatures to 2°C. According the IEA’s World Energy Outlook, the electricity sector would contribute 71% of the global effort to bring the energy sector in line with the 2DS and 55% at the level of OECD countries. The figures cited by Kuik et al. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The loans covered approximately 65% of the average costs of a septic tank and enabled the household to spread these costs over two years. The loans acted as a catalyst for household investment although households needed to find other sources of finance to cover total investment costs, such as borrowing from friends and family. The SRF was managed by the Women’s Union, a countrywide organisation representing the rights and interests of women that has a long experience with running micro-finance schemes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
1. Introduction: Policy Challenges to International Law, Security and Ethics in the Post-9/11 World Andy Mumford and Natasha Kuhrt Part 1: Framing the Issue 2. Terrorism, Security and International Law Nigel White 3. Al Qaeda and Networked International Insurgency Andy Mumford 4. Ethical and Legal Reasoning about War in a Time of Terror James Connelly and Don Carrick Part 2: International Law and Security 5. Law and War in the Global War on Terror Rachel Kerr and James Gow 6. Security, Discretion and International Law Aidan Hehir 7. The Human Security Agenda after 9/11: From Humanitarian Intervention to Peacebuilding Natasha Kuhrt Part 3: Self Defence 8. Principles of Pre-Emption: a Commentary on Issues and Scenarios for Self-Defence in the 21st Century James Gow 9. Who Killed the Right to Self-Defence? Thomas Jones 10. Computer Network Attacks, Self-Defence and International Law Elaine Korzak 11. Conclusion: War, Law and Ethics Aidan Hehir
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The reduction in the absolute number of the poor as the economy recovered from the Asian crisis was due mostly to a reduction in the number of rural poor. However, rural poverty remains significantly greater than urban poverty, both in absolute numbers and in percentage rates. If counted at the World Bank definition of absolute poverty at USD 1.25 at PPP/person/day, the rates are higher, but the decline remains equally impressive from 54% in 1990 to 19% in 2009.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Women are also more likely to enter the labour market through temporary jobs than men. In all OECD countries except Japan, Portugal, the Netherlands and Turkey, women leave school later than men, delaying their entry into the labour market. In continental and southern European countries and in Korea, young adults stay longer in education before entering the labour market.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In the BLUE Map Scenario, these investment needs increase to USD 4.0 trillion. The addition of almost 50% in the BLUE Map Scenario may initially appear huge. Comparing the investment needs for the power sector, however, with India's cumulative gross domestic product (PPP based in 2008 prices) of USD 855 trillion between 2010 and 2050, the total investment needs related to power generation in the Baseline and BLUE Map scenario represent only a range of 0.3 to 0.5% of total cumulative GDP.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In 2014, teachers’ salaries remained below those of other tertiary-educated workers in most countries. Relative salaries for pre-primary teachers are highest only in Luxembourg, where they are at least 8% higher than those of similarly educated workers (OECD, 2016: Education at a Glance 2016, Indicator D3). In this respect, statutory working hours and the child-to-staff ratio are two important system-level indicators to assess the quality of the school environment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Over three-quarters of total investment comes from loans based on public sources, with the main contribution being from the National Fund and the republican budget. A smaller part is provided by local budgets (through Social and Business Corporations) and own funds of KazAgro agencies (the FCC, the KAF, the ACC, the FFSA, and the KAP). The KAP is developing large-scale projects to establish livestock breeding farms, including two with up to 1 000 animals each, and a feedlot (up to 5 000 animals). The ACC credited investment projects in 2009-11, mostly related to livestock production, grain infrastructure, and food processing. Since June 2011, all ACC’s credit financing of investment projects was given to KAF.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The physical, psychological and social impact on adolescents and young people can persist into adulthood and last a lifetime. A review of research by Barker et al. ( One such initiative, Brazil’s Programme H, resulted in positive changes in attitudes, measured through a Gender-Equitable Men scale, about topics such as prevention of HIV infection, partner violence, and sexual relationships (Pulerwitz et ah, 2006).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In this commentary we not only applaud Meyer, Witteloostuijn and Beugelsdijk (Journal of International Business Studies 48: 535–551, 2017) for their efforts to address long-overdue issues relating to the validity and power of empirical tests used by researchers but we also further comment on three of the best practices proposed in their work. Mainly, the false sense of security developed by scholars with regard to the software advances, the statistical level of significance and ethical issues associated with scholarly research. In doing so, we are sincerely hoping to strengthen the trustworthiness of international business scholarship within social science research as well as to contribute to the development of good practices and encouragement of ethical empirical research.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In a recent study of the European experience, it was found that “comprehensive policy integration cannot be achieved through a single multisectoral strategy” (Nordbeck and Steurer, 2015). Through an examination of how each of the countries that are members of the European Union put into practice its sustainable development agenda, the study identified at least two common problems. First, the strategies emphasized a breadth of topics and sectors rather than priorities. This allowed policymakers in each area of government (or sector) to focus on those dimensions that interested them to the detriment both of other dimensions and of overall coordination. Second, the call for a balanced approach across the three dimensions of sustainable development was often undermined by the fact that economic and social priorities prevailed over environmental concerns. The lesson in this regard is that effective strategies for policy integration require clearly defined sectoral action plans which focus on well-defined priorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
For me it is a continuation of an ongoing and critical dialogue between design professionals, civic leaders, developers, and foundations from around the world, in developed and developing countries alike. The desire to exchange information openly is positive in and of itself: that we will open new networks for communication that may help solve common problems is especially positive. The previous studies have given us insights into the issues we are confronting, including challenges to both developed and developing countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Furthermore, considering patients’ wishes, and ensuring that their human and patient rights are respected, are of upmost importance. Mental health service user advocacy and representation is particularly important given the nature of mental illness, and the fact that individuals are often struggling with a disabling condition, restrictive circumstances, and high levels of stigma. Service user groups -and groups representing the families of service users - can also play a role in shaping the mental health system, and improving care quality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Cited in: Coles (forthcoming), What is known about the impact of structured demand activities on resilient food systems? Development Policy Review, 24(5): 579-599. Cited in: HLPE (2012), Social protection for food security. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome 2012.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In the Armenian part of the sub-basin, the river is exposed to background contamination as a result of hydrochemical processes. The increased concentrations of heavy metals (vanadium — V, Mn, Cu, Fe) already exceed the MACs for the fish in the upper part of the sub-basin. The concentrations of, for example, zinc (Zn), Fe and sulphate, decrease from upstream to the monitoring station just upstream from the border of Armenia and Azerbaijan, indicating reduced potential for transboundary impact.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The commendable efforts by RFMOs that have undertaken independent performance reviews should be expanded and augmented through regular transparent reviews by the United Nations General Assembly to bring RFMO implementation in line with international commitments. Previous Assembly reviews of the implementation of fisheries management goals, such as on the driftnet fishing moratorium and on impact assessments for bottom fisheries, have resulted in positive reforms that would not likely have occurred without its oversight. General Assembly reviews of RFMO performance can be expected to improve its effectiveness and should generate the political will necessary to take critical action to restore fish stocks to sustainable levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The main problems are organic matter concentration and microbiological levels due to untreated municipal loads. Nutrients are also a problem. However, annual average values vary from river to river and from year to year without a clear trend and without a cause-effect relationship from agriculture or urban pressures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
However, an opportunity could be missed if ESF Funds are not made available to businesses in terms of subsidies, grants or even indirectly (through training and investments in technology), as it is businesses that will essentially create wealth and jobs from their green activities. Pomorskie, in the North, is perceived as having a more vigorous approach to the economy, while Podlaskie, in the so called Eastern Wall, is an economically challenging region. The analysis of GDP trends in Poland and in the two regions shows that both regions have a similar evolution (see Table 1). The problem exists, however, in the relatively low level of GDP per capita in Podlaskie, which represents about 70% of averages in Poland and in Pomorskie.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
For Asia, among non-industrialised economies, according to the Asian Development Bank (ADB 2010), in 2008 the middle-class had risen to 1.9 billion people, or 56% of the population, up from 21% in 1990. The ADB report showed that consumer spending in these non-industrialised Asian economies reached USD 4.3 trillion in annual expenditure. According to the authors, “Asia’s emerging consumers are likely to assume the traditional role of the US and European middle classes as global consumers."
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
However, despite widespread recognition of women’s rights and the benefits that accrue to all of society from equitable treatment and access to resources and opportunities for women and men, inequalities persist. At the regional and national levels, there is growing recognition that as African women attain higher measures of economic and social well-being, benefits accrue to all of society, despite this growing understanding, removing inequalities for women has not kept pace. Significant gaps between men’s and women’s opportunities remain a major challenge and a severe impediment to structural economic and social transformation that is still the goal of all African countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Where schools are thinking carefully about their learning design, they tend to anchor that design in a small number of approaches which are defined by the different ways they arrange time and agency. Each frame involves discrete pedagogies to achieve more specific teaching and learning goals within the sequence. The study of pedagogical combinations offers a fruitful way to understand how established pedagogical approaches can be brought together to create effective learning designs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Violence against women is a complex and highly prevalent phenomenon that is considered a public health problem. The affected women generally search for healthcare services in order to treat associated symptoms. This qualitative study aimed to verify the perception of doctors working at primary healthcare units of Ribeirao Preto, state of Sao Paulo, on violence against women perpetrated by intimate partners. Data were collected through interviews with 14 gynecologists and general practitioners. The use of content analysis allowed us to define the following themes: knowledge of the types and severity of violence, perception regarding who the affected woman is, medical practice in the violence situation, intervention possibilities and barriers to access the services. As the medical doctors feel unprepared to approach the subject, they handle it with gender and social class prejudices, transferring the responsibility for occasional failures to "others", such as the services, the network and the women.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For the 2015 agricultural season, TARSiM insurance covered 14% of the total agricultural area registered in Farmer Registry System (MOFAL, direct communication). Although the new system remains relatively limited, it is growing at a rapid pace. The further expansion of the agricultural insurance programme faces challenges of increased transaction and implementation costs to cover small-scale farms and ensuring the actuarial soundness of the system in the long run in view of uncertainties related to climate change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
At the same time civil society organizations are a product of existing structures (ibid.), The tension between civil society and gender is heightened or diminished according to a set of factors, including context. In this book, contextual features are the presence or absence of the state, the level of domestic development and the presence of international actors (Chapter 3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The RPC issued two decisions relating to the code of practice for users in nuclear medicine and to dosimetry levels for medical exposure. However, further efforts are still required to transpose and implement the Euratom acquis. Albania's conditioned waste store has not yet been properly licensed according to international standards, and its placement close to populated areas is a concern. The last body of about 3 tons of DDT and HCH/lindane was removed from Albania in July 2006.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
It will be important to continue efforts to set priorities that build on and are aligned to the decentralised system approach and to continue improving access and efficiency of funding in tertiary education. In part, the strategy aims to align kindergarten to Grade 12 and post-secondary education with labour market needs so that students can gain the knowledge and skills needed for an easier transition into the workforce. For instance, Prince Edward Island’s Professional Learning Report 2013 defined areas of improvement in teachers’ learning, and the Ontario government recently announced a modernisation of teacher education in the province. The impact of socio-economic status on student performance (9.4%) is lower than the OECD average (14%) (Figure 1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This means forest owners need to purchase allowances if they wish to develop their land while, as many forest owners see it, farmers who have been a major cause of the pollution of Lake Taupo, will be rewarded with allowances and have no obligation to reduce their discharges to the environment. The Regional Council’s allocation rules mean that farmers will not be compelled to reduce discharges below recent levels and will be compensated if they do make reductions, a decision that was upheld by the Environment Court. It is not clear, however, if farmers will be compensated, when the plan is reviewed in 2020, if nitrogen reductions beyond 20% are required to protect the lake. Farmers in those catchments might increase nitrogen use (and hence pollution) in anticipation of a future allocation of nitrogen allowances.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)