albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The intervention of military force to resolve a humanitarian crisis, such as the Security Council authorised intervention in Libya in 2011, raises a host of questions regarding the usefulness of military force to secure humanitarian goals. Within the discipline of international law, however, debates have centred on the legality of interventions under international law   as a response to humanitarian crises. Considerably less attention has been given to the usefulness of a military intervention in resolving complex emergency situations, the gendered consequences of interventions or the gendered model that humanitarian interventions deploy.  In this chapter I analyse the nexus between the gendered effects and gendered practice of humanitarian intervention, identifying a need for collective security strategies that attend   to the politics of everyday and the necessity of working in concert to disrupt these gendered dynamics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Australia, Denmark, Israel, Norway, Portugal, Scotland and Sweden, for example, have specific legislation to protect patients’ rights, afford patients respect and dignity, while clarifying patient responsibilities. Such legislation generally gives patients a right to provide feedback or to raise concerns or complaints about the care they receive. Scotland provides an interesting example: patients’ rights and principles for the delivery of health care are specifically defined in the Patients’ Rights Act 2011. The legislation charges the NHS with the duty to encourage, monitor, take action and share learning from the feedback it receives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The complete set of safeguard principles and criteria is available at www.un-redd. These include the need for: i) comprehensive participation of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, ii) a clear protocol for the safeguard process, designed from the beginning and agreed among the stakeholders’ representatives, in) capacity building activities for Indigenous Peoples and local communities before starting the discussion of REDD+ safeguards, and iv) measures to ensure transparency and accountability shall be in place during the whole process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Women, meanwhile, are overburdened with work and demands as they continue to perform their traditional role as caregivers —a role regarded as natural— while simultaneously taking on new responsibilities in public life and in the labour market. The worsening care crisis calls for a reform of social protection systems and labour practices, as well as a transformation of cultural norms that sanction an unequal distribution of paid and unpaid work between women and men. These divergent trends are affecting the continuity and balance of traditional care arrangements in the region’s societies. They are limiting women’s ability to enter the labour market unimpeded by traditional barriers and thus their ability to achieve greater economic autonomy and well-being. In other words, there is a situation of rising demand (as a result of demographic transition) and falling supply (as a result of the entry of women into the labour force). The tension between these two phenomena acts as a brake on women’s ability to increase their labour market participation and calls for a review of the design and application of related public policies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Women say that, among all the little millet landraces, Kottapattisamai is the most beautiful, as stated in a local language (Tamil: samaikku azhaku kottapattisamai), and prefer this landrace due to ease in processing, productivity, meal quality and adaptation to diverse agro-ecosystems. Women rate the landraces according to meal quality and taste. Also, women classify little millet landraces based on bran to edible portion ratio and prefer landraces that are lower in bran proportion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Second, while when supply is constrained it may be efficient to ration services on the basis of willingness to pay through voluntary purchase of private insurance, this generates equity concerns (OECD, 2004). Indeed, insurance is not always affordable, and high-income groups are more likely to purchase it. Moreover, the advantages offered by PHI in terms of access to care create inherent disadvantages for those populations without it.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This was the first time that the international community had adopted an explicit target for graduation from the LDC category. Now, halfway from the setting of the target to the date for its attainment, it seems clear that it will not be met. The projections presented in chapter 2 of this Report suggest that only 16 (one third) of the current LDCs (in addition to Samoa, which graduated in 2014) can be expected to satisfy the full graduation criteria by 2021.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Attention to both of these can help in identifying opportunities that may not be so dependent on international climate finance. The study also aims to improve overall OECD understanding of developing country perspectives and capabilities, and thereby to inform future OECD advice to development co-operation partners on how to better orient their support for green growth. The country’s dramatic and diverse landscape encompasses lowlands, deserts, canyons and high plateaus.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The reduction through income taxes is even greater than means-tested transfers. The redistributive impacts of fiscal policy were reduced when the benefits drastically declined and when taxes became less progressive. As a result, the percentage change in market Gini offset by taxes fell from 16.9 per cent during 1985-1995 to 10.9 per cent during 1985-2005, while those of transfers also declined from 46.7 per cent to 34.4 per cent during the same period.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
With a digital signature and its incorporation into a blockchain, for example, it is possible to check the authenticity and uniqueness of radio frequency identification tags used to track parts through a supply chain. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) created a technical committee on blockchain and DLTs (ISO/TC 307).173 The standardization sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) established a focus group on applying DLT. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) produces a variety of standards in the telecommunications industry, including those that enabled key global technologies, such as GSM'“, 3G, 4G, DECT™ and smart cards.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Focus on the functional relationships and processes within ecosystems. Carry out management actions at the scale appropriate for the issue being addressed, with decentralisation to lowest level, as appropriate. It will address issues related to Goals A and E of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and the relevant Aichi Targets (in particular Aichi Targets 1, 2, 3,4,17,18,19 and 20) as well as Target 16, see Annex 8 Aichi Biodiversity Targets. One example of earlier developments that related to the potential Nordic Assessment is the Ecosystem Approach, see Box 5, which has been developed under CBD and supports a landscape and seascape perspective on ecosystem management. Strategic partnerships and collaboration will help deliver the Nordic Assessment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
There are local branches of the EBWC active in Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah (Sharjah Business Women Council, 2002). The main objectives of EBWC are to: lobby on behalf of UAE women entrepreneurs, facilitate research into the problems of women entrepreneurs, and function as a platform with national and international organisations interested in supporting UAE women entrepreneurs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
More in-depth analysis can also help track the delivery of disbursed international climate finance to “end-users” (e.g. industry, households and sub-national governments) within a country. Such analysis can look into which domestic institutions, stakeholders, national funding entities and financial institutions are involved in the processes. The provisions of the Paris Agreement and Decision 1/CP.21 encourage, but do not require, the reporting of information on support received by developing countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Stronger numeracy and literacy study in vocational programmes could not only improve the access of graduates to academic tertiary education, but also contribute to a stronger credit transfer system (Fazekas and Field, 2013). As shown by the example of the Netherlands in Box 5.3 (below) improving support for those with weak basic skills might benefit enormously from a system that facilitates information across institutions and teachers. When this information is comprehensive it also might allow policy development to tackle and anticipate the needs of certain student groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The legal mandate for the public institution administering and carrying out management of a national park includes monitoring and direct protection of the national park, implementing the management practices stipulated in the management plan, and enabling and facilitating scientific research. Moreover, the national park administrations are self-financed and currently depend on revenue generated by such economic activity as timber harvesting (sanitation harvests). They are moving towards finding other funding sources and mechanisms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The fourth section focuses on international sources of funding for innovation which has played an important role in the past decade and is set to increase further in the wake of Croatia's recent accession to the EU, with full access to Structural Funds in addition to the already established full participation in the Framework Programmes. The final section summarises some major results of the review by discussing strategic tasks of Croatia’s innovation policy from a functional assessment perspective. Particular problems arose from the combined effect of the economic downturn, the discontinuation of supplier-customer and innovation linkages, and a troublesome privatisation process, with severe consequences for the manufacturing industry (which had been a pillar of the Croatian economy) in terms of decline of incentives and capabilities for innovation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This minor investment boom in the sector has not affected all economies equally, so there are still countries with supply problems owing to low investment in capacity. While privatization was complete in Chile, other countries stopped halfway (Brazil and Colombia), others opened the sector to private capital under a single-buyer model (Costa Rica and Mexico), while some, such as Uruguay, maintained the vertically integrated monopoly (Altomonte, 2002). This helped the development of privately owned Chilean firms which, as from 1992, took advantage of the reforms in other countries in the region to invest in them. This regional network made ENERSIS highly attractive to transnational corporations which were looking to expand in the subcontinent in the late 1990s. In 1999, the Spanish firm Endesa made a full takeover of ENERSIS S. A., and in the following year, the United States firm AES purchased Gener, another Chilean firm in the sector (see point 1 of section D).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It assesses developments in international sustainability and climate change-related policies based on green economy examples. Looking at innovative measures that combine environmental and social objectives, it analyses the potential of eco-social approaches for promoting innovation and transformative change. When carbon emissions are factored into the measurement of development levels, country ranking can change significantly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The database provides information for natural resource management processes and allows the cross-referencing of data and the making of more accurate comparisons. This methodology, besides achieving the standardization or uniformity of the use of centralized information - both local and national - will give an analysis of the data suitable for feedback to the communities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
A Guide to Gender Impact Assessment”, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, European Commission, Belgium, http://cc.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docld=4376&langld=en. Lessons from High-Income Countries, International Labour Organization, International Institute for Labour Studies. Presented at Annual Meeting of American Political Science Association, San Francisco.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The larger consignments of Afghan heroin are first smuggled into India through Pakistan, and then smuggled out in smaller quantities to major drug consumer markets in Australia, Canada and Europe. Reports from neighbouring countries also indicated the seizure of low-quality heroin manufactured in India, but there are no reports of such locally manufactured heroin being seized in India itself. Cocaine trafficking has historically been very limited in South Asia, but the rise in annual seizures seen in India over the past few years suggests an increase in trafficking in cocaine. The quantity of cocaine seized in India in 2014 was 15 kg. In India, the quantities of opium seized in 2014 decreased by 24.3 per cent to 1,766 kg, compared with 2,333 kg the previous year. The number of seizures of opium had been decreasing since 2012 and was at its lowest since 2010.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The mining dispute has led to renewed calls for the government to adopt changes that recognize Sami ownership rights over the land. " Legally, Sweden has a long way to go to take full responsibility for the Sami people", said Christina Allard, an associate professor at Lulea University. Sweden, unlike Norway and many other countries has yet to sign legally binding international conventions that protect the rights of indigenous peoples.217 In the future, local pollution from new industries in the Arctic area will have a major impact on the living conditions and psychosocial health of the indigenous peoples living in the circumpolar areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It turns out that despite negative direct employment effects within certain industries, demand and interindustry effects can exert a positive net effect and thus create job opportunities. Moreover, a strong focus on human capital development and scaling up of technology adoption can transform the uncertainty related to this new paradigm into an opportunity, especially for developing countries. Second, capturing domestic and foreign demand requires policymakers to provide investments and establish a business climate in which development opportunities can be efficiently realised.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
According to the System of National Accounts, the principles underlying International Financial Reporting Standards are in most cases consistent with its principles, providing a comprehensive, consistent and flexible set of macroeconomic accounts.11 The System of National Accounts states that there could be areas of difference between the two systems, however, cooperation would be useful with a view to showing a reconciliation between the two positions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
As a result, the further development of the renewable energy sector was at risk, since low spot market prices had an adverse impact on the bankability of renewable energy projects, increasing their cost of capital. To overcome the overcapacity challenge, in 2017 Chile’s National Electric Coordinator (CEN) completed a major infrastructure project to connect the SIC with the Great Northern Interconnected System (SING). The latter is located in the north of the country and services a large share of industrial activities, in particular the mining sector. The further successful development of the Chilean renewable energy sector will depend on continued technological advancement, including storage solutions, regional inter-connection with neighbouring countries, and effective energy demand management. Government may contribute to bridging remaining risk gaps in innovative pilot projects, particularly those that might otherwise not be implemented, but have significant potential to generate benefits for the economy and society in the future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The headquarters of both agencies could facilitate the clarification process, which ideally should also take place in the regional and country contexts. This should help both agencies to establish working arrangements, particularly in areas where they address similar development challenges and can add significant value to each other’s initiatives. The establishment of improved working arrangements needs to acknowledge that a one-size-fits-all approach will be inadequate and that partnership is based on mutual understanding and a clear appreciation of contextual factors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This reduction is explained by strong growth but also by effective social policies. Besides growth, public services and cash transfers have played the biggest role, the latter notably through the successful “Bolsa Familia” programme. Among public services, improved access to education has played a major role, allowing more Brazilians to move into better-paid jobs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In conflict societies a strict division of sexual labour is enforced, and highly dichotomic understandings of femininity and masculinity become hegemonic. Gendered dichotomies, self/ other, friend/enemy, masculinity/femininity, “just warrior’’/“beautiful soul” (Elshtein, 1987) contribute to postulate the “other” as an existential threat. The warrior, the conflict’s hegemonic masculinity, is a “male identity” (Karner, 1998) shaped by purging, on individual, symbolic and structural levels, typically feminine characteristics such as compassion, feeling and forgiveness.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Intensive forest management will also involve extra energy use and disturbance of forest stands, with potentially negative effects on other ecosystem functions. Some of these non-forested ecosystems may, however, already have substantial soil carbon stocks. Afforestation on non-forested land will also reduce the albedo and possibly counter-balance the climate effect of increased carbon stocks. The balance between these opposing climate effects is difficult to specify in general.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The biased interpretations based on economic and social equilibriums in national accounts impacts the definition of regional food security strategies. The complementary mechanisms proposed here aim to provide additional information for narrowing interpretation bands (Annex B). The settlement matrix provided in this study estimates the size of the informal population and its localisation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) implies establishment of monitoring programmes for assessment, enabling the state and impact of the marine waters to be evaluated on a regular basis. Recently, several marine litter activities have been initiated parallel with the implementation of EU MSFD in Europe and thereby also in some of the Nordic countries, i.e. Sweden, Denmark and Finland. In Norway and Iceland, although not members of EU, national management plans for the marine environment in these countries also include many of the same important elements as in the EU MSFD and also targeting marine litter. For the other Nordic countries that are not EU Member States, i.e. Faroe Islands and Greenland, marine litter can also be relevant for their national marine management plans, although it is not at the moment targeted as a specific element within these plans.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The 2030 Agenda lists rising inequalities, natural resource depletion, environmental degradation and climate change among the greatest challenges of our time. It recognizes that social development and economic prosperity depend on the sustainable management of freshwater resources and ecosystems and it highlights the integrated nature of SDGs. The report is based on the latest data available for the 11 SDG 6 global indicators' selected by Member States to track progress towards the eight global targets, plus complementary data and evidence from a wide range of sources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Industry participation has been somewhat uneven, and SMEs in particular seem to find it increasingly difficult to participate. High success rates in attracting grants from the excellence-based European Research Council (ERC) are evident. Room for improvement has been identified regarding the provision of more targeted advice and information to various user groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Such changes will be complemented by recently proposed legislation by the State Council that will increase the accountability of business operators for food safety. Educational opportunities are improving, but the level of human capital in rural areas remains much lower than in urban areas (Molnar and Koen, 2015). At the secondary school level, the graduate-to-population ratio in rural areas was unchanged between 1998 and 2012 while it doubled in urban China. As the rural adjustment process continues to unfold, a solid general education will help rural citizens transition into work in the emerging sectors of the economy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The programme has reduced the incidence of the practice and has contributed to other favourable outcomes, such as a reduction in die number of child marriages (Diop et al., Many constraints need to be addressed, including socio-cultural norms, vulnerability to violence, costs (both direct costs and opportunity costs), inadequate school infrastructure and poor quality of teaching, as well as the impact of HIV on girls and their families. These included changing policies, laws and administrative rules that discriminate against girls (for example, those who are pregnant or have given birth to a child) and the establishment of compensatory programmes for them, providing incentives for households to help overcome dieir reluctance to send girls to school and reduce the costs they incur in doing so, improving the quality and relevance of education and expanding educational options for out-of-school girls.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Husbands with higher bargaining power (as proxied by the education gap between spouses) spend less time on housework and more time on market work. However, the education gap does not influence women's time spent on household work, while the bargaining power proxied by age gap between spouses does not affect the husband's household work time. Having young children increases the time spent in housework for both spouses, but the wife's housework increases considerably more than her husband's (89.3 minutes vs. 29.8 minutes).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Among other good practices, this also required changes in species composition, such as replacing hybrid poplars, which have damaged the soil, with willows and Prunus avium (wild cherry tree). The agreement of the Coca-Cola® bottling plant with local forest owners in Portugal is a good example. Payments were made for the owners to maintain their forests in good condition to keep theTagua Reservoir pure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)