albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Th e care and protection of children experiencing or considered to be at risk of abuse or neglect within their families is a major policy dilemma. Children in the care and protection system do not fare well on a range of indictors, when compared to the overall population. In recent years there have been signifi cant changes in policies and support for children in out of home care, including the adoption of the language of rights. Nevertheless, the care and protection of children who enter the system bearing that name is often dubbed on of social policy’s ‘wicked problems’. Th is paper synthesises concepts of human rights, children’s needs and citizenship as a basis for redefi ning policy and services for children in out of homecare. We suggest that improved support for children in out of home care requires the recognition of children as partners.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In practice nodal markets are highly complex to understand and operate. The PJM, for instance, has been characterised by frequent rule changes, which has not contributed to a stable market environment. However, the fact that such unplanned outages are substantially uncorrelated across different plants of conventional “dispatchable" technologies such as nuclear, coal or gas, means that allowing for appropriate reserve capacity can deal with them adequately.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It also explains how to connect travellers with the businesses' local cultural assets to enhance the visitor experience. Through a free interactive on-line tool companies can develop a prospective vision for their business. The easy-to-follow guides demonstrate tangible ways to enhance product development, marketing and sales initiatives. One such initiative that aims to support tourism SMEs with an online presence but without online booking capabilities is the Australian Tourism Booking Widget (Box 20).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The Asia Pacific region is home to 70 per cent of the world’s indigenous populations. They live in countries such as Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines. In South Asia, there is also discrimination against the lower caste groups. In India, these groups comprise 16 per cent of the population, or some 167 million people.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
How many more infants are likely to die in Africa as a result of the global financial crisis? Involuntary job loss as a risk factor for subsequent myocardial infarction and stroke: findings from the Health and Retirement Survey. The effect of recurrent involuntary job loss on the depressive symptoms of older US workers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Abstract: In 1996, California voters adopted Proposition 209, which amended the state constitution. Its operative clause states: “The state shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting.” In 2020, the California Assembly’s Committee on Appropriations considered ACA-5, a bill that, if passed and approved by the voters, will repeal Proposition 209. The Appropriations Committee has jurisdiction over only the effects of the bill on state finances. Testimony was thus limited to that issue. Professor Heriot’s testimony discusses those effects, which she believes will be very extensive, particularly in the area of public contracting.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This extended review of two 2013 publications, Guia, van der Woude, and van der Leun (eds.) Social Control and Justice: Crimmigration in the Age of Fear and Aas and Bosworth (eds.) The Borders of Punishment: Migration, Citizenship and Social Exclusion, critically engages with the potential for race scholarship in the paradigms utilized by the contributors. While acknowledging that these volumes represent an imaginative and significant recasting of criminology, raising as they do a number of useful theoretical issues, the author identifies a reluctance to frame any aspect of these studies in terms of racialization. While much of the substantive content might easily be examined using that concept, it is implicit rather than explicit in this scholarship. Sociologists interested in the racialization of immigration are urged to engage seriously with the work and ideas contained in these two volumes and to bring their insights to bear in complementing this emerging field.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The training and education of ECEC staff affects the quality of services and outcomes primarily through the knowledge, skills and competencies that are transmitted and encouraged by practitioners. It is also considered important that staff believe in their ability to organise and execute the courses of action necessary to bring about desired results (Fives, 2003). Qualifications can matter in terms of which skill sets and what knowledge are recognised as important for working with young children.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This is the area where the conceptual linkages between social protection and food and nutrition security are the strongest. The main mechanisms by which social protection programmes improve household access to food are through instruments that focus on “protection” or “prevention” objectives through i) the direct transfer of food, ii) smoothing or raising household income and iii) improving subsistence farming production. Across the range of programmes that increase household income or transfer food, such as cash transfers in Latin America, public works programmes (PWPs) such as the Productive Safety Nets Programme (PSNP) in Ethiopia, supplementary feeding, fortified school meals and take-home rations (Freeland & Cherrier, 2012), improvements in diet in terms of quality, quantity and diversity, including greater access to micronutrients, can often be seen.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The risk-credit guarantee programmes have enabled a sustainable market transformation. While the first transactions in China were all accompanied by the IFC, the second set were conducted more independently by the local banks, both in terms of human resources and in the level of risk guarantee provided by the IFC. The second transaction only saw IFC guarantee 60% of the transaction instead of 75%. As pointed out by a Hong Kong investor, it is usually very difficult for foreign investors to get significant stakes in Chinese companies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Results from Phase II, which are available on line,1 helped develop guidance for end users to carry out the self-assessment, engage stakeholders and collect data. This assessment provides a static view of who does what and how. Compared to the “static” assessment of identifying the existence of framework conditions, this phase of the assessment aims to be a “dynamic” one.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The aim is to shift Indigenous perspectives from electives and the periphery to core business. This is partly about the recognition of culture, values and ethnicity, as an important dimension of w'ell-being is the experienced sense of inclusion and exclusion. The social dimension is partly about connection to family and community, and this in turn has both social and geographical dimensions, the latter especially relating to living distant from centres of population (including educational resources).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The United States Department of Energy (USDOE) projects that in the long term (2020) 37.9 billion litres of biofuels will be traded globally, 30.2 billion litres of which will be produced in Central and South page | 35 America. The European Union and the United States would account for the major share of biofuel imports, the US alone is projected to import 15.1 billion litres in 2020 to meet RFS mandates (USDOE, 2008a). A number of countries that would most likely become biofuel or feedstock suppliers to the United States have already been identified in a recent study.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The obligation to ensure equal access without discrimination applies to all family-related policies, including care policies, parental leave, unemployment benefits, health insurance benefits and housing policies. Thus, a social benefit that directly or indirectly discriminates against single-parent families (most of the time, women-headed households) or families of same-sex parents would be against human rights law. Si m i la rly, it wou I dbeagainstthese evo I vi ng sta nda rd s if any pension, social insurance or funeral benefits provided in the case of loss of support for spouses or partners as the result of illness or death is denied to some families solely on the basis of the sexual orientation or sexual identity of a family member.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
A report on the outcome of the Algerian programme, delivered by 1’Agence nationale de soutien a l’emploi des Jeunes (ANSEJ), revealed that 18% of the enterprises created from 2005-08 were led by young women (MPMEA 2009). The argument for the gender mainstreaming approach is that it is better, from a resources perspective, to ensure that mainstream business development service providers are sufficiently sensitive to the needs of women since it avoids duplication. Although there are some examples in the MENA region of mainstream business development organisations which have made it a priority to integrate women into their client base (the Business Development Centre in Jordan as a case in point), the infrastructure of generic SME support organisations is still generally underdeveloped. In addition, given the strongly-held cultural gender biases, it would take considerable time and effort to gender-sensitise BDS service providers, counsellors and trainers. This work should begin, but it will be insufficient in itself to overcome the current systemic and market failures in MENA economies with respect to business service provision to women entrepreneurs. There are many examples of such initiatives in developed countries which demonstrate their effectiveness.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Moreover, from March 2017 onwards, the minimum conservation reference size for sole increased by Ministerial Decree from 24 to 25 cm (Article 1 of the Flemish Ministerial Decree of 3 March 2017). In addition, measures related to the protection and restoration of marine biodiversity will receive key support. In Wallonia, the focus is on continuing to develop small-scale artisanal aquaculture production.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Preface and Editors' Introduction M.A.Hamilton & M.J.Rozell Fundamentalism: Yesterday and Today G.Marsden SECTION I: CONTEMPORARY STUDIES OF UNITED STATES PROTESTANT FUNDAMENTALISM The Christian Right and the Politics of Abortion: The Triumph of Pragmatism? M.J.Rozell & D.Das Gupta Premillenialists at the Millennium: Some Reflections on the Christian Right in the Twenty-first Century C.Wilcox From Darwin to Dover: An Overview of the Evolution Debate D.Masci Sex, Sin, and Social Policy: Religion and the Sexual Politics of Abstinence-Only Programs S.D.Rose Uncivil Religion: 'Judeo-Christianity' and the Ten Commandments F.M.Gedicks & R.Hendrix In 'Bad Faith': The Corruption of Charitable Choice S.K.Green Re-forming the Secular?: Theological Double-Talk and 'Faith-based' Social Services W.F.Sullivan SECTION II: BEYOND UNITED STATES PROTESTANT FUNDAMENTALISM Islamicism M.A.M.Khan Hinduism: The BJP and the Rise of Hindu Nationalism in India Author TBA Judaism K.Wald Mormonism Author TBA Catholicism: Fundamentalism in the Canon Law Tradition T.P.Doyle Epilogue J.Esposito
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The additional demands on women’s time created by these programme requirements have a discriminatory impact on women and on their enjoyment of several rights on an equal basis with men (e.g., right to education and health) and further deprive them of scarce leisure time. These have included the provision of higher transfers for school-aged girls, who are more likely to drop out of school, particularly in secondary educa-tion,and the provision of free health care for pregnant adolescents and women. These features have great potential to improve gender equality within the family.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It is part of a joint project between EC and OECD (VS/2016/0005 (DI150038), Cooperation with the OECD on Assessing Activating and Enabling Benefits and Services in the EU) covering six countries: Estonia, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal and Spain. The results are published in six separate papers and are also available through the project website: http://www.oecd.org/social/faces-of-ioblessness.htm. Herwig Immervoll coordinated the project and the preparation of this report. All views and any errors are the responsibility of the authors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In their reporting they provide transparency on how they manage to use sustainability as growth driver. This process communication is relevant as they need the trust from their investors and stakeholders to successfully make these transformations. Now the business case of sustainability becomes more obvious, one can also see an increasing awareness and commitment from CEOs to report on sustainability.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Eastern Europe and Central Asia (23 countries). The largest programmes are India's school-feeding programme and the Programa Nacional de AHmentaqao Escolar in Brazil, which cover 105 and 47 million children, respectively. For example, following the 2008 global financial crisis, the Government of Brazil was able to react quickly at low cost by scaling up programmes. This had a significant impact, reaching over 1.6 million of the most vulnerable people and, in turn, contributed to domestic demand growth: despite a decrease in GDP in 2009 of 0.6 percent, private consumption remained stable and resumed growing in the second half of 2009 (Berg and Tobin, 2011). The programme resulted in a 13 percentage point reduction in poverty levels (living on less than $1 a day) in beneficiary households between 2007 and 2009 (Ward eta/., 2010). It entails a cash transfer to the primary caregiver of a child who is under the age of 18 and living in a household earning below a defined income threshold.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Children of 15 years and older experience a high deprivation level in school enrolment and attainment (54%) and literacy (48%). As a result the percentage of children who are deprived in one or both indicators amounts to 56%. In comparison to the previous age group, deprivation in child labour is remarkably low (33% and 14%, respectively), but it should be mentioned that children of these ages are allowed to work more hours. At the national level 55% are deprived in education, and 14% are deprived in child labour, however only 11% of children aged 15 and older are deprived in education and child labour simultaneously.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Of the birds, three are Caucasian endemics: Caucasian grouse (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi), Caucasian snowcock (Tetraogalus caspius) and Caucasian warbler (Phylloscopus lorenzi). Among these, around 600 (14 per cent of all species) are Caucasus endemics and 300 (9 per cent of all species) are endemic to Georgia. Until the mid-1970s, the Black Sea was characterized as a highly productive ecosystem at all trophic levels, but by the 1990s it had degraded to an ecosystem with a low biodiversity dominated by a “dead-end” gelatinous food web.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
It is also responsible for the water supply and wastewater treatment in rural areas. Together with the oblasts, this Ministry is charged with construction and maintenance of the primary infrastructure for irrigation water, including reservoirs and their dams and main canals, and for delivering irrigation w'ater. All users, public or private, need to obtain a permit from the Ministry to abstract water.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
On September 30, 2016, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights published a report entitled "Environmental Justice: Examining the Environmental Protection Agency's Compliance and Enforcement of Title VI and Executive Order 12,898." This Dissenting Statement, written by Commissioner Gail Heriot, was part of that report, but was critical of the main body of the report. It discusses the Commission's lack of expertise in the area and how the Commission staff's independent research tends to undermine the Commission's conclusions. It also discusses how the incendiary allegations of some Commission members and some witnesses of "environmental racism" are inappropriate, and how (contrary to the Commission's apparent assumption) Title VI has already been held not to be a disparate impact statute by the Supreme Court.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Women tend to marry into the husband’s family, leaving behind their own family to live with the in-laws. After the death of the husband, they also, in a sense, become internally displaced persons. Unofficial polygamy in such post-conflict societies is spreading more rapidly as widows have to become second wives to survive and protect themselves and their children.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The OECD and the FAO will consider them as part of their ongoing work programmes. The Round Table urged caution in attempting to build broader aspects of sustainability (like economic and social sustainability) into an internationally applicable definition applying to fisheries and aquaculture. While these aspects are important at the operational level - particularly in developing countries where adjustments to fisheries management practices will fail if the social and economic impacts are not taken into consideration -they should not be built into an overarching definition or criteria. In the meantime, it was agreed that certification for aspects where there are no agreed definitions, standards, or assessment methodologies are liable to cause confusion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The group of NEETs has however become older since 2007, with the share of 15-19 year-olds among NEETs having declined in nearly all countries. There is no evidence however that the change in the age distribution among NEETs was stronger in countries most affected by the crisis. The average gender gap in NEET rates is 5 percentage points, but the difference is much larger in Turkey (30 percentage points), Mexico (27 percentage points), Chile (16 percentage points) and the Czech Republic (10 percentage points). This confirms that some NEETs face important additional barriers to labour market entry.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Further efficiencies than those assumed in the Baseline are considered less likely for OECD countries and therefore this remains unchanged in this scenario, it is assumed that irrigation in the OECD in the Baseline has reached an upper limit of efficiency as risks of salinisation and pollution problems are associated with more than 70% evapotranspiration of irrigation water (Fraiture et al., Hence, compared to the Baseline, the water demands in each region are reduced in proportion with the energy savings rate in the Resource Efficiency scenario (van den Berg et al., Larger shares for solar and wind-based power generation versus thermal are assumed, but until 2050 an assumed shift to (thermal) bio-energy and nuclear power plants limits the overall reduction in this sector. The assumed reduction in energy demand described in the point above translates directly into less water demand for cooling.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The phenomenon is usually attributed to the lower relative salaries compared to other professions, as well as to cultural factors (OECD 2005, 2009, 2012a). In Kazakhstan the gender imbalance is particularly apparent with more than eight women out of every 10 teachers in primary and secondary education on average (81%). Kazakhstan has a larger share of its teachers aged 30 years or younger (24% in 2011) than in OECD countries on average, and a smaller proportion of teachers aged 50 years or older (21% in 2011, see Table 4.1). Nonetheless, these numbers indicate that nearly one-quarter of the teacher population is at or nearing the age of retirement and that significant efforts will need to be made to ensure that this does not result in important teacher shortages, especially in light of the expected increase in the student population (National Centre for Educational Quality Assessment - NCEQA, 2011).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The first was the announcement of President Trump in June 2017 that the US would withdraw from the agreement (effective November 2020). This announcement raised concerns about the resilience of the agreement, given the important role of the US as the world's second largest greenhouse gas emitter after China (Chan, Stavins et al. The second is the ongoing contestation over the agreement's implementing guidelines, also known as the 'Paris rulebook'.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Cases of plague due to infection with Yersinia pestis have been seen in approximately 40 patients each year, especially in rural areas. The most common source of human plague is contact with and consumption of the marmot (Marmota sibirica). Moreover, the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) and the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) are suspected of being enzootic reservoirs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The intention is to have a pragmatic focus on the site level, using case studies, information exchange between managers and good engagement with local communities. Further options for synergies are joint preparation for COPs for the two conventions, and encouraging a greater exchange of expertise - both scientific and managerial - to supplement one another’s knowledge and avoid duplication. A case study in the Capacity building section also describes and lUCN-led project to support managers of jointly designated sites (Case study 43, pg.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Empirical evidence shows positive effects of CTs on child nutrition and height for age in Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua and South Africa. The longer-term labour market effects of CCTs can indeed be positive, if conditionalities related to investments in education and health translate into higher human capital of the future generation and lead to better labour market outcomes. Nonetheless, important challenges related to the design of CTs and their long-term strategy remain.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The Strategic Environmental Evaluations (EAEs) are a promising tool for assessing the environmental impact of land-use plans, but could be broadened to evaluate the overall impact of urban growth on environmental performance and quality of life. Air pollution should be tackled through disincentives on car ownership, which may mean redesigning municipal revenue streams that significantly depend on vehicle taxes. Minimising natural hazards, notably flood risk, calls for a more comprehensive approach to managing storm-water drainage and mitigating the expansion of impermeable surfaces in urban areas. Mechanisms to offset biodiversity losses should be integrated into the EAEs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Countries where a higher share of the population report positive evaluations of their health status also feature a lower prevalence of self-reported limitations in daily activities but also a higher prevalence of obesity. Overall, these patterns suggest that these indicators capture distinct elements of overall morbidity. The dispersion of country outcomes between these two measures remains high, however, suggesting that these indicators capture separate dimensions of health status that do not necessarily move in tandem. Source: OECD’s calculations. Data for countries marked with a “1” are based on health examination rather than health interview surveys.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)