albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The proportion of the global population using improved sources reached 89 per cent in 2010, up from 76 per cent in 1990. This means that the MDG drinking water target was met five years ahead of schedule, despite significant population growth. There, coverage rates dropped from 89 per cent in 1990 to 86 per cent in 2011. Eastern Asia, South-Eastern Asia and Southern Asia showed the largest gains.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
At the same time, new groups of persons should be encouraged to seek employment in the care sector (European Commission, 2004, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2006), and recognition in the form of decent wages should be given for their key contribution to social well-being and to the economy. Generally speaking, a distinction is drawn between childcare and long-term care, which refers mainly to older persons but also includes chronic or terminal illnesses and persons with disabilities. There are common issues, however. Both sectors have a segmented workforce, with a professionalized group (in the respective areas of education and health) and a sector that is unskilled or low-skilled but —especially in the case of women— often has competences acquired during the gender or class socialization process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In total, the service sector constitutes a far greater proportion of the labour market of the metropolitan area, gender segregation is particularly widespread in the countryside and immigrant workers are clearly overrepresented in the processing industry - particularly in the part of the industry located outside the metropolitan area (Juh'usdottir etal 2013: 271). Thus, the export of fish constitutes 39% of Iceland's total export earnings (Haagensen 2014: 133). Edvardsdottir (2013) emphasises how the business life of small Icelandic communities are particularly unified and highly dominated by the fishing industry which is a profession highly dominated by men. They don't see themselves as fishermen although they take part in the fishing process, e.g. baiting the line, working in the fish plant or doing the book-keeping.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
According to Bertram et al. ( That said, at the moment of drafting this report, the ECEC quality assurance system had not addressed factors such as staff performance, children’s wellbeing, parental satisfaction and value for money. In the same way, while curriculum guidance provided referred to useful elements (such as areas of learning and/or activities, learning objectives, learning outcomes, assessment of learning and development and learning contexts and/or environments), it did not include pedagogical approaches or national guidelines to support the transition into pre-primary education (Bertram et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The global growth of mobile networks and the expansion of the Internet are creating a new platform that can be leveraged across the economy and throughout sectors to provide better information, enhance access, catalyse change, improve social well being, and expand economic prosperity. For many countries, these communication “tools” are available but not exploited to their full potential. In other countries, the basic infrastructure or capacity to facilitate communication is lacking, potentially limiting the development of an economy, region, or group. Many governments already support network development, either through direct public investment, via the modification of universal service programmes, or by implementing mutually reinforcing policy actions across government.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Some approaches to reach rural areas are health worker rotations, new uses of mobile technologies, and rural-urban links in the health system and related areas such as transport. Health services also improve when ordinary people are consulted about their needs and about how they experience the health-care system. Universal sexual and reproductive health services, for example, would build momentum towards a demographic transition, which in turn could accelerate economic growth in countries with large and growing youth populations. Making these choices can start in public budget processes modelled on the gender-budgeting exercises that have been applied in a number of countries, at both the national and subnational levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Mangos, avocados and papaya are the most important in volume terms. These fruit varieties are mainly absorbed by the domestic market, and they contribute significantly to nutritional needs of rural and urban populations. Production of these fruits appears to have remained fairly stable over the past decade. Little change is expected in avocado production in the period to 2023/24, while papaya and mango will keep their upward trend in the next decade reaching respectively 1.8 Mt and 1.4 Mt. About 10% of mango production is exported, while only very small amounts of the other fruits find their way to foreign markets. It is estimated that about 4 million people10 are directly or indirectly involved in this sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
While the term is mostly interchangeable with “green transport” or “sustainable transport”, the former tends to draw more attention to types of transport modes, and the latter to the comprehensive impact of transport across environment, economy and society. An additional message that “eco-mobility” conveys is the cultural aspect of transport. It interprets roads not as an exclusive property of cars, but as a recreational space.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Continuity of care w'ould also promote quality and efficiency, and enable more sustained engagement in individuals’ personalised preventive care. Currently, workers are allowed to continue with SS benefits for two months if they become unemployed. In the short term, general tax revenues could subsidise insurance contributions for formal w'orkers who change employment but wish to remain with their health insurer and who are otherwise unable to afford their household insurance premium.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
There is a predetermined set of measures specific to the scale of the event. Table 13 indicates that the more severe the event - i.e. the larger the parts of the country affected and the greater the economic impact - the greater the assistance and the higher the levels of government that will provide assistance. In this case, the government undertakes to partially cover the costs of restoration of on-farm infrastructure, but on the condition that no commercial insurance is offered (this is called “non-insurable” infrastructure in the programme).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This explains why these domains account for such a high proportion of registered domain names in the LDCs (Figure 3.3, left). Freenom makes money by monetizing the domain when it expires by selling residual traffic to advertisers as well as providing web hosting.69 One of the risks of free domain names is they attract registrants engaging in malicious behavior. The registry for Nepal (NP) provides free domain names but companies must be registered in Nepal to obtain one.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
First, as a global universal comprehensive treaty it eroded the Kyoto Protocol's 'firewall' between developed and developing countries where the latter were exempt from mandatory obligations to reduce emissions. Second, the Paris Agreement has replaced the Kyoto Protocol's top down 'targets and timetables' with a bottom-up 'pledge and review’ process, thereby making domestic climate action central in multilateral climate policy. Third, the Paris Agreement has enacted a new model of 'hybrid multilateralism' whereby the function of a climate agreement is to direct, orchestrate, harness and mobilize climate action by sub-state and non-state actors such as cities, business, investors, regions and civil society (Andonova 2018, Backstrand et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In 2015, 49% of the people in the local news were women, but only 41% in the sports section. The managing editor of the newspaper Gunnar Falck (2014) says that measuring content is key to making changes. Changing the gender ratio has had a positive impact on the readership of the newspaper and therefore also on the economy of the company (Edstrom & Jacobsson 2015: 50-51).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Aiming to increase forest cover by 10 to 20 per cent by 2010, SFLC is one of the largest PES projects implemented in any developing country. The central Government paid for the environmental services using cash and grain. As a result, this programme has also been referred to as the "Grain-for-Green" policy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The forests and OWL are especially remarkable in terms of vegetation diversity. The biodiversity of Turkmenistan is not only rich but also unique due to the country’s geographical position and relief, and the specific evolution of its flora and fauna. The higher plants are currently represented by 3,140 species, of which 47 are tree species and 88 are shrubs. The 1999 Red Data Book lists 109 plant species, including 15 species of trees and bushes (Chapter 10). Plants differ in their resource significance, range of useful features and possibilities for practical use.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Better access to business and management education will enable economies to tap into the “the exponential power of women as entrepreneurs and managers.” Through partnerships between universities in Europe and the US and business schools in emerging and developing economies, the programme is active in more than 40 economies. The Initiative seeks to have a lasting impact on the quality and capacity of business education in the economies where it is active. The women selected for the programme enrol in customised certificate programmes lasting from five weeks to six months.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This study uses input from two different crop models. The results produced by different combinations of climate and crop models may, therefore, present a plausible range of possible future scenarios. These indicators include the world prices of various agricultural commodities, average crop yields and land allocations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In 2016, the share of mining and quarrying in GDP stood at 20.1 per cent. In 2016, mineral commodities accounted for 70.86 per cent of Mongolia’s exports. Another prominent mining-based activity is Erdenet Mining Corporation. In 2013, there were 3,285 mining licences held by 1,753 companies, covering 17.5 million ha.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Since the 2008 global financial crisis spurred the development of a generalised smart city concept (UNDP, 2017), a wealth of definitions of - and approaches to - smart cities has been developed and used. This chapter defines smart cities as “initiatives or approaches that effectively leverage digitalisation to boost citizen well-being and deliver more efficient, sustainable and inclusive urban services and environments as part of a collaborative, multi-stakeholder process" (OECD, 2019a). Indeed, as digitalisation evolves, smart cities are increasingly viewed as unprecedented opportunities to drive economic growth and enhance citizen well-being in cities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
It is all about the fact that the conceptions and the expectations of the two genders vary because of the interplay between gender and class. According to Svensson, the often very traditional gender contracts (the social ground rules) in the peripheral areas do not cause problems for the young men. For them, there is no ambivalence. Most of them believe that, without a doubt, there is no future for them in Soderhamn within any foreseeable time frame (Svensson 2006:145, own translation).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Social policy programmes for poor and vulnerable groups are well targeted but more resources are needed to improve outcomes. The design of the programmes could also be revised to improve equity, work incentives and labour formalisation. Finally, higher spending and targeted measures for the large displaced population due to violence are paying off as shown by a significant reduction in (extreme) poverty for this group.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The key is to integrate their use across donor programmes as a systematic and consistent approach. However, this also means that there are multiple entry points and that, although empowerment doesn’t happen overnight, supporting empowerment in one domain - economic, social or political - will have positive effects in the others. Putting in place, and operating, the management mechanisms and processes that will allow a programme or project to be delivered in a way that empowers people takes time and may delay the delivery of physical programme outputs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Asian countries are not lagging behind on the challenge, on the contrary, they are working towards developing integrated pathways of skills and employment. Together, these countries represent one of the most dynamic regions in the world, with steady growth, even during the recent financial crisis. Skills development pathways in Asia have a significant focus on developing skills infrastructure in an integrated way with physical infrastructure and therefore taking greater advantage of the synergies of capital investment and industry growth for the large infrastructure projects that the majority of these countries are undertaking. Much can be learned for the experiences in the region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In this article we analyze the construction of the concept of public sphere within critical theory, discussing its recent reformulations and reinterpretations. Our primary aim is to focus on contributions that emphasize the increasing importance of new publics, subaltern counter-publics, diasporic publics, and deliberative publics in contemporary democracies. We seek to outline a broader concept of public sphere in order to offer an adequate instrument for analyzing the simultaneous cycles of democratization and structural adjustment in Latin America.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For example, areas in the network are subject to additional land use constraints, and EIA requirements were introduced in 2008 for afforestation on Natura 2000 sites. It introduced more explicit EIA provisions for development on Natura 2000 sites. Lists of such projects are set out in a 2010 EIA ordinance. Depending on the size, complexity and location of the project, environmental decisions are issued by the relevant RDEP, the GDEP, county governors, LP regional directorates for projects involving reclassification of Treasury-owned forests as agricultural land, or the local governor.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
However, when migrants first arrive in Finland, their ability to productively use their skills in employment tends to be compromised by limited language skills, lack of familiarity with the labour market and, in some cases, poor health. Where wages are able to respond to productivity, lower productivity should not necessarily compromise employer demand. In Finland, however, where collectively-bargained minimum wages act as wage floors, employers hiring those whose productivity is temporarily compromised by limited language skills, are unable to adapt wages accordingly. This is particularly true because foreign-born workers in Finland are heavily concentrated in the lowest-paid positions where collectively-bargained minimum wages bind (over 40% are concentrated in the lowest income quintile).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
There is also a direct relationship between poverty and extreme poverty rates. The countries where poverty is lowest also have the lowest rates of extreme poverty: Argentina. Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay have extreme poverty rates under 5%, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Panama, Paraguay and Peru have extreme poverty rates of between 5% and 10%, while in the other countries these rates exceed 10% (see table 11.1). Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Paraguay.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In order to address weaknesses and increase the coherence of implementation of different conventions, the UNEP Regional Office for West Asia (UNEP-ROWA) collaborates with the different convention secretariats to support the working group meetings with technical inputs and reports on implementation. Representatives from UNEP and other MEA secretariats, such as the Ramsar Convention, have attended Working Group meetings, which has helped share information on outstanding issues, funding mechanisms and guidance. The meetings of the Working Group have also been used as a platform for pre-COP meetings for CBD and CMS, where key draft decisions can be highlighted for the Group’s attention and action. This was followed by lack of staff, time and resources and lack of funding.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Other events that could disrupt delivery of imported surface water include a breach in the levees in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in northern California and extreme droughts. Extreme droughts would also limit the capture and reuse of local runoff and could impair the quality of imported water. The USGS used a groundwater simulation model to generate response functions representing the basin-wide hydraulic impacts of different scenarios of disruptions and utilisation of groundwater during emergencies. These response functions were coupled with cost coefficients, a discount rate, and a probabilistic representation of the likely additional groundwater use to estimate the emergency benefits of groundwater management strategies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Such work could develop a more programmatic approach to which combinations and sequences of financial instruments, public/private partnerships, and capacity building provide the best leveraging of private investment in the most cost-effective way. This report seeks to improve the understanding of this gap, and what can be done about it. The many benefits of EE improvements -increased energy security, reduced energy costs, cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits - have been described in detail elsewhere. The WEO 2009 estimates that over 57% of the energy mix to move the world towards a 450 scenario could be reached through the introduction of existing EE technologies. This efficiency potential should be an attractive investment opportunity, as energy efficiency measures in the buildings sector generally have net-negative cost abatement opportunities, albeit with higher upfront costs that require additional financing. The estimated savings from the complete implementation of the IEA building recommendations are an annual 31.28 exajoules (EJ) by 2030 (IEA, 2008a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Postmodern feminism is a body of scholarship that questions and rejects traditional essentialist practices, as established in and by modernity.      Keywords:    feminisms,  gender,  postmodern/postmodernism
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This article examines strands of an intellectual history in Media and Cultural Studies and Science and Technology Studies in both of which researchers were prompted to take up ethnography. Three historical phases of this process are identified. The move between phases was the result of particular displacements and contestations of perspective in the research procedures within each discipline. Thus concerns about appropriate contextualization led to the eventual embrace of anthropological ethnographic methods. The article traces the subsequent emergence of a ‘crisis of context’ in the deployment of ethnography within these disciplines. The analysis of these historical changes is informed by a particular depiction of Euro-American knowledge conventions. The article suggests that the limits currently perceived for ethnography are a specific instance of the more general limits now recognized for these knowledge conventions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As of 24 June 2016.161 INDCs had been submitted, covering 188 out of 197 UNFCCC parties (parties are the 193 UN member states, Palestine. Cook Islands and the European Union, which submitted a single INDC on behalf of its member states). To date, only seven parties have not yet submitted an INDC: the Democratic Republic of Korea, Libya. Palestine, Syria, Timor Leste and Uzbekistan.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
For monitoring fisheries management in countries, more specific indicators are needed. At a global level, some information on the state of fish stocks is available from The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, published every two years by the FAO. For a large number of stocks, it is still not possible to determine the status.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Consumer confidence has remained upbeat, and this is mirrored by the robust retail sales growth. The stabilisation of the rupiah in recent months and the tapering of interest rates in the secondary debt market since September-October 2018 augur well for business operations and for public and private capital spending. Tax cuts for exporters who keep their earnings in the domestic banking system should strengthen external buffers, while the adjustment of the negative list and new rules on tax holidays look positive for investment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
However, several strategic documents address some of the key issues. However, no specific timeframe or plan is established for achieving these objectives. The strategy calls for (a) development of an effective sector management system, (b) improvement of water supply to the population, improvement of water metering and reduction of w'ater losses, (c) rehabilitation and expansion of water supply and sanitation systems, and (d) improvement of tariff collection and enhancing the financial sustainability of water companies. This document does not, however, include a programme or plan with timeframes or details of financial resources for achieving the strategic goals.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The municipality of Amman is looking to expand biogas waste-to-energy projects and to engage in PPPs in solid waste management more broadly. Opportunities for green growth in Jordan (cont.) Moreover, organic farming uses less water than conventional farming, which is important because agriculture is the biggest consumer of water of all sectors in Jordan. The government has set a target to have 5% of farms offering organic goods by 2014.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
They can also be used to communicate - both domestically and internationally - national priorities and needs for finance and action. If this is the case, it would be useful to explore which elements of the INDCs (or NDCs) of the EECCA countries could be further improved and how. Landscape of climate-related development finance at the regional level in 2013 and 2014, this chapter analyses the current state of play of climate-related development finance that was committed to the EECCA countries in 2013 and 2014 by bilateral and multilateral sources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The farmer is also able to check the availability of electricity at the pump, as well as the availability of water near the pump (with an additional water sensor). By August 2014, around twenty thousand farmers in India had benefitted from Nano Ganesh. Various information-based applications have been developed, including greenhouse remote monitoring, automatic drip irrigation, and milk source safety information management to enhance agricultural production. In Xinjiang, the "mobile Internet of Things for Agriculture” project uses wireless monitoring of agricultural greenhouses.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)