albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Across the OECD, such families pay the government net transfers of about 17.6% on average while - at a gross income of 133% of the average wage - single-earner couple families transfer 21.5%. Across the OECD, a household where both partners contribute equally enjoys, on average, a 5.4% higher net income than a single-earner couple family (see the indicator on proportional gains and losses at the bottom of Figure 3.3). In France and Germany, by contrast, single-earner couples pay less tax than dual earners. The overall effect of tax-benefit systems on financial incentives to share paid work varies across the income ranges and associated levels of taxation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The Latvian Ministry of Health has developed an action plan to reduce the risk of contracting a communicable disease, promoting early intervention and diagnosis, which was submitted to the Cabinet of Ministers for approval in 2017. Latvian men tend to perceive their health as being better than women with 51% reporting to be in good health compared to only 42% of women. There are also large disparities by income group: only about one in three Latvians in low-income households report to be in good health, compared to two in three in high-income households.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
With this in mind, the School Resource Review' advised the Ministry and the wider education community to complete work on the 2014 draft ‘Teacher Competency Framework”. This framew'ork, it proposed, could serve as a common basis “to guide initial teacher education, regular teacher appraisal, certification processes, teacher professional development and career advancement.” However, the review identified the “lack of strategic oversight” provided by the Ministry to this process, and, while noting wide stakeholder consultation, it also pointed to “lack of debate or common understanding across the system regarding w hat constitutes good teaching” (Shewbridge et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The most suitable areas for wind power plants (WPPs) in Georgia are in the Caucasus high mountain zone, the highlands of southern Georgia (in the Javakheti region) and the southern section of the Black Sea coast. Areas and sites for wind farms of 30-630 MW have been identified. Many of these sites have a seasonal wind pattern yielding maximum output in winter.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
If the change in the EPR indicator is further included, the estimated coefficient of the change in the EPT indicator becomes -1.11 (with t-stat equal to 2.18). Although one needs to be cautious in interpreting these results, which cannot rigorously be interpreted as causality, there is also some limited evidence from cross-country/time-series regressions that, conditional on employment protection for regular workers, relaxing restrictions on temporary contracts led to a greater share of temporary workers in new jobs (Lepage-Saucier et al., For employers, costly, complex or time-consuming legal processes can add significantly to the cost of hiring and especially dismissing workers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
However, this system of tax exempt interest is uncommon in other countries. In particular, USAID has promoted the creation of bond banks to act as a financial intermediary that accesses the private capital market, sells its own securities and on-lends the proceeds to participating local governments. The Federal Government capitalizes these state-owned funds and the state government must match the contribution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The benefits of membership in the OECD programme would arise from expanding trade coverage to all registered seed provenances, as well as sharing information and best practices related to forest genetic resources and certification. This implies an increase in forest habitat protection from the estimated 7% in 2012 to 36% of Polish forests (38% of LP forests). This does not necessarily mean that nature conservation should replace other forest functions, habitat and biodiversity protection objectives can coexist with other forest objectives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Apart from these immediate and short-term outcomes, several studies have also documented long-term adverse consequences of unintended pregnancies such as stunting among children (for example, Marston and Cleland, 2003). Joyce, Kaestner and Korenman (2000), using a longitudinal survey of youth, documented an association between unwanted pregnancy and prenatal and postpartum maternal behaviours, but little association between unwanted pregnancy and birth weight and child cognitive outcomes. Meanwhile, Eggleston, Tsui and Kotelchuck (2001) found contrasting patterns between categories of unintended pregnancies and adverse outcomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Forests provide many significant resources and functions including wood products and non-wood products, recreational opportunities, habitat for wildlife, conservation of biological diversity, water and soil, and play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. They support employment and traditional uses. Primary forests are usually associated with high levels of biological diversity, particularly in tropical regions. The area of primary forest is an important indicator of the status of the forest ecosystem as a whole.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Because TALIS focuses on teachers and teachers' working conditions, it is important to note that, as in the first cycle of TALIS, most of the tables and charts in this section and in most of the report are presented from a teacher perspective. This focus becomes particularly apparent in the second section of this chapter, where the data represent the proportion of teachers who work in schools with certain characteristics rather than the proportion of schools with certain characteristics.2 In cases where the policy issue is most interesting at the school level in particular (especially in Chapter 3), analyses were performed accordingly (proportion of schools), and this is clearly noted under the tables in question.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The way guidelines are funded and developed is problematic in Australia. Another problem relate to the confusion caused by the existence of hundreds of clinical guidelines produced by numerous organisations. It is unknown the extent to which clinical guidelines are contributing to quality improvements in the health system, or better population health outcomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This more integrated approach is being developed and promoted but is still quite limited in scope and reach. It established a multiagency task force to facilitate co-ordination in implementing HI-ECD. At the national level, the Task Force is chaired by the Coordinating Ministry for People’s Welfare (Kemenkokesra) and jointly co-chaired by the National Planning Agency (BAPPENAS) and the Ministry of Home Affairs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Environmental justice is too often interpreted as a state rather than a process. This can lead to erroneous conclusions about the role of race and privilege in the distribution of environmental disamenities. Toxic facilities are concentrated disproportionately in Latino neighborhoods in Los Angeles and in white neighborhoods in Baltimore. However, these seemingly contradictory results are both the legacies of decades of racist practices and white privilege. Explanation in environmental justice research should therefore focus on fairness of process in addition to outcome. Promising new avenues for research can build on theories, data, and methods from other fields and approaches, including land use law, industrial and housing location theory, hazards and vulnerability, political ecology, public health, and ecology. Environmental justice research should turn some attention to the distributive and procedural justice of environmental amenities, social variables beyond race and class, and analyses at the house...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For instance, the Dutch company Diligent Energy Systems used an innovation voucher to contact the Technical University of Eindhoven to help improve the efficiency of the biodiesel production process using tropical plant Jathropa. With the help of Ph.D. students from the university, the efficiency was increased and brought close to more traditional biodiesel production processes, which made the upscaling of the project possible (EC, 2011). Another example is Axxium Ltd in the United Kingdom, which intended to start manufacturing “smart door locks” that could be remotely unlocked via a mobile device, enabling people with reduced mobility to move more freely.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Since the implementation of this policy, the unit difference between oil and gasoline prices has been very stable, implying strong pass-through. However, it is unclear how the government would respond were international oil prices to rise above USD 130 per barrel. However, these changes were partially offset by the removal of other taxes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The death of the employee is one of the causes that terminates the employment contract without liability for the worker and without extinguishing his/her rights or those of his/her successors to claim and obtain payment of any benefits or indemnities that may accrue to them under the Code or pursuant to special provisions. The fact that the worker takes retirement benefits is one of the causes that terminates the employment contract without liability for the worker and without extinguishing his/her rights or those of his/her successors to claim and obtain payment of any benefits or indemnities that may accrue to them under the Code or pursuant to special provisions. The National Steering Committee to Combat Child Labour, attached to the Secretary of State for Labour, is hereby created.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Both the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, and the subsequent outcomes of their review conferences, have reaffirmed the centrality of sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights to sustainable development. Sexual and reproductive health and rights include rights to access essential information, education and services for all on issues such as sexuality, relationships, pregnancies and safe childbirth. This includes recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly on the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so. The human rights of women include their right to have control over and decide freely and responsibly on matters related to their sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free of coercion, discrimination and violence.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It emphasises the centrality of knowledge and learning and aims to promote inclusion, coherence and flexibility in educational practice. It also stresses the importance of adaptability, audacity and raising awareness of environmental sustainability issues as critical to a 21st century' educational approach. This includes the expectation that the citizen develop critical thinking, self-awareness, autonomy and responsibility. Individuals should be able to cope with uncertainty' in a fast-changing world, to use the skills they have developed, to continue lifelong learning, and should respect the fundamental principles of democratic society and the rights, guarantees and freedoms on which it is based. These include: responsibility and integrity, excellence and high standards, curiosity, reflection and innovation, citizenship and participation, and freedom. These include: the use of languages and texts, information and communication, reasoning and problem solving, critical and creative thinking, interpersonal relations, autonomy and personal development, well-being, health and environment, aesthetic and artistic sensitivity/awareness, scientific, technical and technological knowledge, and body awareness and mastery.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This database will expand to cover 37 countries representing more than half of global landings by the end of 2017. The majority of reported support is in the form of general services to the fishing sector, not payments directed to fishers individually. Of this general support, the majority is to cover the costs of fisheries management, monitoring and control, infrastructure and research. The amount of GSSE support is quite substantial, amounting to around 20 percent of the landed value of fisheries in countries participating in the FSE.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
These issues are discussed below. Aside from reducing the total amount of climate finance devoted to climate activities, funds or programmes with large transaction costs will disfavour small-scale projects, e.g. that take place in small island developing states (SIDS) (Maclellan, 2011). Governance structures can affect the ease with which developing countries access international climate finance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
What are their and their family's characteristics? A possible response to these questions is distilled when comparing the results with other groups of children (who are e.g. only deprived in nutrition, who are only poor but attending school and who are simultaneously severely deprived and poor). Bringing all the information together without getting lost in the multitude of dimensions or taking refuge in a single figure has been a challenge.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Social and emotional skills play a particularly important role in skills formation since they not only drive future development of social and emotional skills but also cognitive skills. Parental engagement and attachment have considerable impact on children’s early social and emotional skill development. School-based programmes can also play a role by promoting intensive interactions between teachers and children through mentoring.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
An action plan is now needed to put the new strategy into operation. Implementation of the strategy would also benefit from an assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of existing policy instruments. The government is committed to achieving the Aichi targets of protecting 17% of terrestrial areas and 10% of marine areas by 2020. Colombia considers that protected areas cover about 12% of terrestrial areas and 9.2% of marine areas. However, the latter estimate is more than that which is currently assessed using IUCN criteria and includes an area which has been the subject of an international dispute. This suggests that a significant effort will be required, particularly for marine areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Children of mothers with secondary education or higher are twice as likely to survive beyond age 5 compared to those whose mothers have no education. Improvements in women’s education explained half of the reduction in child deaths between 1990 and 2009. A child born to a mother who can read is 50 per cent more likely to survive past age 5.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Agricultural modernisation inevitably leads to farm consolidation and the release of labour, which creates a clear employment problem for current small farm operators and farm workers. These points to the need for broader rural development initiatives that can provide a more diversified regional economy in rural areas, to absorb these released workers. This has been the experience of OECD countries over the last 100 years, as they increased agricultural output, reduced the number of farm workers and increased the financial well-being of farm households to close to, or even above, the level of their urban population.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Report and full dataset accessible on line http://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/scoreboardl3.html, Panel 2 - OECD (2013), OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013: Innovation for Growth, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/ sti_scoreboard-2013-en, Based on the EPO, Worldwide Patent Statistical Database, April 2013. New fields of research emerge from S&T disciplines that follow a mix of approaches to research and use a variety of analytical instruments and evaluation methods. Technology platforms connect data, models and actors to integrate knowledge, identify gaps and support co-ordination of global research.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
From the same date, the Annual Motor Tax for all newly registered cars in Ireland is based on C02 emissions instead of engine size. Also relevant for tourism businesses is the Energy Efficiency Retrofit Fund for the public and business sector, which supports energy efficiency investments in upgrading existing buildings and facilities. Failte Ireland supports the establishment of environmental standards for the various sectors of the tourism industry and publishes an annual guide containing advice regarding auditing, training and accreditation to reduce consumption of energy and water. "
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In Turin, Italy, when such an assessment was undertaken it came to light that one building segment, multifamily, high-rise buildings constructed before 1980 accounted for more than 70% of total residential floor area and about 70% of total energy consumption for heating (IEA, 2016a). This information allowed for better targeted energy saving measures. Also, In Paris, an energy information advisor has been providing support to building pennit applicants for energy saving projects since 2008 covering issues on sustainable building renovation (Maine de Paris, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The introduction of market based economic instruments therefore represents a paradigmatic change of the social and productive base. In practice, the intention to include social sustainability in policy reforms is often sacrificed on the expense of economic and ecological objectives. This might partly be caused by a limited understanding of the social complexity in the Nordic fisheries sectors, or because the fundamental relation between the social organisation and the property system have been disregarded inthe policy reforms, subjected to the overarching economic imperative that has aggregate growth and efficiency as its aim. We find that alternatives to large-scale fisheries are still attractive to youngsters if the right policy design allow for the different business models to co-exists. Further, the large-scale fisheries that are promoted by deregulated quota markets risk promoting a form of wage-work that are only temporary attractive (for youngsters or migrant laborers).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The Polish land-use planning law also refrains from granting the Ministry of Infrastructure any direct regulatory powers over local planning beyond national roads, nature reserves and the like. While the ministry does play an important function in issuing regulations for making local plans, these tend to focus on technical rules, such as how to calculate the need for public services. Only a small part of the country is covered by approved Municipal Physical Development Plans that are in accordance with the 2003 Spatial Planning and Spatial Development Act, which are produced at neighbourhood scale. While the share of land covered by these plans in cities with county (poioiat) status has increased from nearly 11% in 2006 to 17% in 2008, this leaves a significant share of city land that is not managed by Municipal Physical Development Plans (Table 2.4). Only Gdansk is fully covered by Municipal Physical Development Plans (Sleszyhski et al., In Poland, unlike many OECD countries, the law does not require the preparation of any overall citywide plan, and cities have not adopted this mode as a good practice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
While most developing countries have more youthful populations, and hence more demographic momentum, declining fertility rates mean that they too will increasingly face the phenomenon of population ageing. However, a narrow focus on contraception and family planning overlooks the complex interplay of social, economic and cultural factors in demographic transitions to lower birth rates. Family planning policies should be situated within a broader sexual and reproductive health and rights and gender equality framework, rather than solely focusing on fertility reduction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In most countries, the gap between higher-paid workers and lower-paid workers widened for men but not necessarily for women. Earnings are CPI adjusted in 2005 national currency. Source: OECD Secretariat calculations from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). In the United States, for instance, these developments were linked to stagnating educational attainment among men and deteriorating employment prospects for less-educated males (Autor and Wasserman, 2013). In Australia, hours worked have increased mostly among part-timers, who are mostly women, in the lower part of the distribution, while working hours for full-timers have been stable and employment rates for men have declined (Greenville et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This would to lay the foundation for a new generation of fisheries experts through mid- and long-term specialization curricula, in collaboration with regional and national research/training institutions. In addition, in order to build on ongoing cooperation and further strengthen fisheries governance in the Black Sea, the organization of a high-level conference and the launch of a regional, scientific and technical cooperation project for the Black Sea should contribute to further bridging gaps at the regional level. Finally, bolstering cooperation in the GFCM area of application, not only with the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department and its regional projects for the Mediterranean, but also with partner organizations with which the GFCM has an MoU, is predicted to foster synergies, avoid duplications and promote comparative advantages. Science-based regulations are strengthened and more fisheries are subject to multiannual management plans (see Chapter 7).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
However, a human capital accumulation-centred development strategy cannot entirely rely on the market. The State must have vision, leadership and strategic planning, as well as make other substantive interventions in the normal functioning of the market. Following a discussion, in particular, of the case of the market for education, the chapter finds ample room for State action if the long-run aim of full and successful development is to be realized.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Mitigation banks in Florida, for example, are overwhelmingly located in areas with low population density when compared to the development projects that they compensate for. The possible redistribution of biodiversity and ecosystem services from urban to regional areas and its social welfare consequences are important programme design considerations (see also Chapter 5). One is to allow developers to purchase offsets to compensate for residual biodiversity loss directly through the offsets market.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
For information, our national poverty rate (44 per cent), based on the latest available household survey (2003) and calculated with a per capita equivalence scale for the whole population, is very close to the official one (46.4 per cent) (World Development Indicators 2009). Numbers in parentheses refer to the base-year values. As already discussed above, the lower rates in Cameroon might be at least partly due to the better quality of data used to calculate hunger rates. However, the simulated changes still give some rough basis for discussion. In terms of BaU hunger rates, figures for Cameroon are broadly in line with those for monetary poverty rates. On the other hand, Burkina Faso and, to a greater extent, Ghana show a trend in hunger rates to some extent different from that discussed above for monetary poverty (figure 12).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)