albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The 2040 Growth Concept emphasises co-ordination of land use and transport in order to preserve the region’s locational advantage as a relatively uncongested hub for trade. It also states that the preferred form of regional growth is to contain growth within a carefully managed urban growth boundary' (UGB), a land-use planning line to protect farms and forests from urban sprawl and orient growth in the form of infill and redevelopment with higher density where it is appropriate. The UGB has been expanded more than 30 times since it was first drawn up, in accordance with forecasts of land supply needs. In its quality as an MPO, Metro is also tasked with preparing a Regional Transportation Plan (RTP), which evaluates federal, state and local funding for transport improvements, estimates project costs and proposes funding strategies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Further information on the national data sources and earnings concepts used in the calculations can be found at: uiuiur.oecd.org/employment/outloofe. The first available year is 2005 for Poland, 2004 for Greece, Iceland, Spain and Portugal, 2002 for the Slovak Republic, and 2001 for Israel. The latest available year is 2011 for Canada, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States, and 2005 for the Netherlands.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Among migrants from Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, more women than men earn 15,000 roubles or less per month (figure 10). The mean monthly salary of males is 32,780 roubles whereas for females the amount is 28,875 (figure 11). The mean hourly rate for males is 134 roubles whereas for females it is 114 roubles.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Much as airports, highways or power plants, Open Data in Mexico is thought of as a strategic infrastructure, needed to enable policies focused on promoting development, growth and well-being in the country. Thus, it is necessary to identify a list of the most strategic, high-value data generated by government, to help citizens and governments in the construction of public value.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The OECD public governance as well as the gender equality reviews confirms that the ability of governments to act in a “whole-of-government” manner is crucial for advancing gender equality reforms. Governments must have the capacity' to identify clear directions, priorities, objectives and incentives as well as to establish effective co-ordination mechanisms to support women’s full empowerment and mobilisation. The next chapter focuses on the third element - mechanisms to enable effective gender-sensitive policy making and gender mainstreaming. The vision can define directions and shape understandings that, in turn, impact the expectations and behaviours of both men and women, while the strategy can help set the tone and guide the development of concrete policy actions across the government to enable a comprehensive and sustainable development and implementation of gender equality reforms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Many women may nonetheless switch to part-time work or reduce their hours once they resume work if they w'ant to spend time with their children or face childcare constraints. It is therefore probable that women’s average working hours will fall below' men’s even after the introduction or extension of childbirth-related leave. Leave policies can also have longer-term consequences for the total employment rates of women because normative attitudes to female employment change accordingly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Pigs, buffaloes and cattle were the most common farm animals in agricultural households. Cattle were raised by 46 per cent of female-headed and 52 per cent of male-headed households, and pigs were raised by 57 per cent of female-headed and 62 per cent of male-headed households, but female-headed households kept a greater proportion of buffaloes and goats. As in the case of Cambodia, the average prices of livestock and poultry sold were higher for households headed by men than for those headed by women (47 per cent higher for turkeys and 20 per cent for ducks), as a result of differences in the types of markets and/or buyers to which female- and male-headed households have access (FAO/SIDA, 2010b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These indicators largely target activity, availability, and patient and provider satisfaction. The five categories include: i) access to examination rooms, ii) hospital infrastructure and process, iii) patient and caregiver satisfaction, iv) institutional productivity (bed occupancy, average length of stay), and v) institutional service targets (caesarian-section rate, share of doctors working full time, surgery points per surgeon and per operating room, and the reporting of scores for the performance monitoring system to the Ministry of Health). For physicians the individual perfonnance score depends on the number of procedures perfonned by that staff member and a job title coefficient (that measures w'orkloads other than providing clinical care for different types of doctors).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The same is true for other cash transfer programmes around the world (Arnold, 2011, Samson et al., Many of those in extreme poverty, however, were not able to benefit from these reforms because of low levels of schooling, nutrition and health. In order to break this poverty cycle, the Oportunidades Programme was created in 1997 (under the name Progressa).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
During the past decade, the Chinese government has pursued greater engagement with a range of international legal regimes. China's expanded participation in international regimes for trade and human rights, for example, can provide deeper understanding of the factors influencing China's international behaviour. Building upon scholarly perspectives about institutional compliance with treaty texts and the influence of local conditions on China's policies and practice, this article examines China's participation in international legal regimes for trade and human rights in light of dynamics of normative engagement and the paradigm of selective adaptation. Normative tensions help explain China's policies and practices on compliance with the WTO trade regime, while the imperative of normative engagement helps explain much about China's international human rights diplomacy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The difference between income and consumption inequality is not surprising, as consumption inequality usually acts as a better proxy for distribution of material well-being than income. The distribution of gains favoured less households in the bottom 20%. Between 2008 and 2012, growth was neither pro-poor nor pro-rich, but benefited most the middle class.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The hypothetical ongoing shift of geo-economic center of gravity     from the developed economies concentrated in the West to the emerging     economies concentrated in the East, given that it was true, is very     interesting and is supposed to bring pervasive and strategic implications     to the Indonesian economy, business and accounting world. The     ASEAN Charter 2007, ratified by the Indonesian Parliament in 2008,     was committed by ASEAN leaders during the hypothetical shift. The     Charter commits ASEAN 10 member countries to become one solid economic     community, one solid socio-cultural community and one solid security     community by 2015. This article refers to a secondary data based     economic policy research on the shift and the Charter, and their bearings     and implications on the accounting profession, financial accounting     regulation and standard setting in Indonesia. In addition, the author     also develops a theology of happenings which affirms the aforesaid     shift.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Climate-related risks are expected to increase in the next decades. The main reasons for this - the observed trends of warming and rainfall deficit - are expected to persist over the coming decades as well. The indicator-based document assesses the risk of climate-change-related natural disasters for the period until 2035. According to the document, the main dangerous phenomena and processes related to climate change, which can generate different levels of risk for socioeconomic and natural systems, are extremely high temperatures (heat waves), drought, floods, forest fires, rising sea levels, rising temperature of surface waters, invasive species, etc.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Reducing the timing of slurr)’ application from winter to spring, for example, can reduce the risk of nitrate leaching but potentially increase ammonia emissions (Collins and McGonigle, 2008). More attention to a holistic approach to nitrogen mitigation on farms is necessary, supported by adequate research of the issue (European Commission, 2010, Godlinski et al., This may in part be due to the perceived high costs by farmers of implementing nitrogen abatement management practices (Oenema et al, 2009), but also the lack of awareness of many farmers to the links between their farming activities and water quality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The procedure for renewing the park’s mandate is underway. The Our Natural Park is part of the transboundary natural park straddling the German-Luxembourg frontier and is operated in close association with the Naturpark Siideifel. The second site, which is shared with the Wallonia region, has a total area of 46 000 ha (of which 16 900 lies in Luxembourg).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Anglo American has become one of the steering members of the Hydrogen Council - a global company-led initiative seeking to harness the potential application of hydrogen in the global low-carbon energy transition, including in fuel cell technologies. The company’s South Africa-based subsidiary, Anglo American Platinum, is exploring and testing applications for hydrogen and methanol fuel cell technologies. In partnership with Ballard Power Systems, the Department of Energy and Eskom, Anglo American Platinum started in 2014 a 12-month trial of methanol fuel cell prototype to provide electricity to 34 households in the Naledi Trust community in the Free State province of South Africa.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
And how does it reconstitute gender relationships? I situate these questions within the literatures on gendered migration and social reproduction (Kofman and Raghuram 2015) and migrant social protection (Sabates-Wheeler and Feldman 2011), and draw particularly on the concept of depleted social reproduction (Rai et al. Thefourth section summarizes the key features of Ethiopian migrant regimes and childcare regimes in Australia and Lebanon. The fifth section presents narrative vignettes of migrant mothers in the two countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Human-rights treaties indicate a country's commitment to human rights. Here, we assess whether ratification of human-rights treaties is associated with improved health and social indicators. Data for health (including HIV prevalence, and maternal, infant, and child [<5 years] mortalities) and social indicators (child labour, human development index, sex gap, and corruption index), gathered from 170 countries, showed no consistent associations between ratification of human-rights treaties and health or social outcomes. Established market economy states had consistently improved health compared with less wealthy settings, but this was not associated with treaty ratification. The status of treaty ratification alone is not a good indicator of the realisation of the right to health. We suggest the need for stringent requirements for ratification of treaties, improved accountability mechanisms to monitor compliance of states with treaty obligations, and financial assistance to support the realisation of the right to health.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
© 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. In this chapter, we provide an informed introduction to the wide array of academic endeavors aimed at detailing and accounting for spatial and temporal patterns in the incidence of terrorist and insurgent violence. To do so, we draw upon literature from geopolitics, international relations, criminology, and terrorism studies. Our review draws upon classic theories of insurgency and modern analyses of crime and terrorism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Limited female participation in structures of governance where key policy decisions are made and resource allocations decided often has a negative impact on women’s political, economic and social opportunities. At the time the Beijing Platform for Action was adopted in 1995, women accounted for on average 10 per cent of members of the lower or single houses of national parliaments. This figure had increased to 17 per cent by April 2009 (table 5.1). In all sub-regions of Africa and in 4 out of 5 sub-regions in Asia, the average proportion of women in the lower or single houses of parliament doubled or more than doubled.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Making the most of available finance and attracting additional funding requires agreements between ministries in charge of federal funding and states, but also ensuring that the funds are spent in ways that provide maximum value for money. Otherwise, inappropriate spending will not only harm implementation, but also curtail the attainment of growth and welfare targets. Revenue collection and allocation for priority investment are sub-national level responsibilities, with a critical role for river basin committees.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
All these factors contribute to a relatively wide gender gap in working hours and eamings among German couples with children. There need to be institutional changes in the provision of care for young and school-aged children, cultural changes and changes in the labour market, if German women are to have the opportunity to increase their working hours and/or participate in fulltime work. It finds that German women are more likely to work part-time than women in most other OECD countries, and that Germany has large within-couple gaps in working hours and eamings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
that, for the most part, public administration stands apart from constitutional theory Historically, along with its luminaries and myriad reformers, the field of public administration as a whole has largely inter preted the U S Constitution's separation of powers in ways that expand presidential authority over federal agencies and restrict Congress's constitutional role in regulating and overseeing the executive branch "Executive-centered," or "executivist" perspectives, as Pfiffner calls them, have been justified in the name of demociacy, efficiency, national security, and account ability However, Pfiffner cogently argues that good intentions are irrelevant In the U S constitutional context, the separation of powers is fundamental to liberty and the rule of law When a president asserts extraordinarily broad constitutional powers, as did President George W Bush, both are at risk
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Financial institutions themselves have little experience in evaluating the risks associated with innovative green project proposals. First, they need to develop their legal and regulatory frameworks. Second, they need to put in place clean energy policies and programmes. Third, they will have to invest in training programmes to expand their capabilities to implement policies and regulations for green growth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Gender and Smallholder Dairy Production in Tanzania. Report to the Livestock Production Programme of the United Kingdom Department for International Development. Appendices 1 -2:37-38. Integrated Household Survey, 2010-2011: Household Socio-Economic Characteristics Report. Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey 3 (EICV3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The National Programme for Suicide Prevention (commissioned by the Swedish government in 2005) was ratified by the Swedish Parliament in 2008 as an initiative that aims to reduce the number of suicides in Sweden. It was produced as a collaborative effort between the Swedish Institute of Public Health (which produced guidelines for the population level) and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (which produced guidelines for the individual level) with support from NASP. The government provides the funding for the Programme’s ongoing initiatives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This may include moving staff from one ministry to another and from one area of specialisation to another. A candidate will need specific expertise, work experience in lower positions and continuous training. If no ideal candidate is found, the competition is opened to the wider civil service, and eventually to external candidates. The aim is to facilitate the promotion of public servants, since in the past, external candidates had preference.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
India’s 11th Five-Year Plan (2009-13) included strict adherence to GRB, and gender budgeting has been used as a rights-based programming approach at the state level in Kerala, producing practical results such as a Gender-Friendly Infrastructure Scheme, an Income Security Scheme and a Food Security Scheme (Mishra, 2011). Since 1999, a minimum of 5% of the national and local government budgets of the Philippines is to be allocated to activities supporting gender equality, although compliance remains low (OECD, 2010). Participation in gender budget initiatives enabled women’s organisations in Brazil to play an active role in the launch of the Brazilian Budget Forum in 2002. Gender equality was a major component of the Forum, the goals of which were to exert social control over public expenditures, to raise public awareness of budgetary processes, and to increase transparency and accountability (Sharp and Elson, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Assessments of the costs and benefits of adaptation measures for water systems are important to inform decisions about prioritising adaptation responses and to improve their cost-effectiveness. Yet, the evidence base estimating the costs and benefits of adapting water systems remains sparse (Box 2.3). In principle, decisions makers considering the timing of adaptation actions will compare the present value of adaptation today with the present value of adaptation at a later stage. The decision to act earlier or later will essentially depend on three factors: i) the difference in adaptation costs over time, ii) the short-term benefits of adaptation, and iii) the long-term effects of early adaptation (Agrawala and Fankhauser, 2008). They include making adjustments to long-lived infrastructure investments thus avoiding the cost and inconvenience of expensive retrofits.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Likewise the Addis Ababa Action Agenda commits to financing sustainable development across its three dimensions, economic, social and environmental. The agreements urge countries to develop and implement coherent plans to deliver sustainable development financed by climate and development finance from a mix of sources (OECD, 2016d). Climate finance has too often been treated independently from development finance, failing to capitalise on the synergies for sustainable development, despite the fact that much climate finance qualifies as ODA (Brown et al, 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In the last few years, significant progress has been made by the Republic of Bulgaria in relation to combating crime and enforcing the rule of law. As a result of the excellent interaction between the judiciary, presented by the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Bulgaria on the one hand, and the executive, presented by the Ministry of Interior Bodies, State Agency for National Security, Commission for Anti-corruption and illegal assets forfeiture (CACIAF), and other institutions, a number of actions have been taken to prosecute a number of persons occupying high state positions for corruption crimes committed by them. The present study tries to make a brief analysis of the factors of current and long-term importance for the effectiveness of the Bulgarian Prosecutor's Office in combating crime and to try to find an answer to the new challenges facing the Bulgarian Prosecutor's Office.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Since the 1980s, benefits have become more important for reducing inequalities. But in half of the countries, they have become less redistributive since the mid-1990s. In countries with big increases in the redistributive effect of benefits, the trend was mainly driven by growing average benefit amounts (Finland, Germany, Norway, Switzerland).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
It provides a platform for its members and aspiring women to encourage and facilitate change and create a proactive societal role. This brings women leaders together from across the country to develop their leadership skills and to advocate for advances in women’s business environment in Jordan. The goal of BPW-Kuwait is to strengthen women’s business skills and networks so they can launch their own enterprises.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Poaching was mainly conducted by armed bandits from Somalia and was prevalent in pastoral areas outside officially protected wildlife areas. The period before the establishment of the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) in 1989 was characterized by massive poaching, insecurity in the parks, inefficiency and low morale within the game department, partly a result of inadequate support in conserving and managing Kenya’s wildlife. In response to those challenges, a uniformed and disciplined KWS brought about a considerable improvement in wildlife security and helped to stabilize the wildlife and tourism sectors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Allocations are not linked to land titles. These annual allocations may be traded among willing purchasers. Site use approvals are not generally tradable as the conditions relate specifically to a piece of land. Water for the Future is a AUD 12.9 billion investment over 10 years with overarching objectives to take action on climate change, use water wisely, secure water supplies and support healthy rivers and waterways.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Governments recognize that each jurisdiction has the responsibility to develop systems that best respond to the needs and priorities of their communities. The implementation of this framework is supported by federal government investments announced in Budgets 2016 and 2017 totalling $7.5 billion over 11 years to support and create more high-quality, affordable child care across the country . House prices have increased more strongly than rents, so that house prices relative to rents have risen sharply (Figure A 3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
At the same time, the use of a personal identifier for data linkage is reportedly complicated due to privacy legislation in Australia, the Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea and Norway. By contrast, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Portugal and Denmark strengthened their legislative framework to permit privacy-protective data use. In the United Kingdom notably, several legislative framew'orks w'ere introduced so that information can be collected, held securely and made available with safeguards in place to protect individuals’ data.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the share of certified seeds in total seed use in Kazakhstan increased from 53% in 2001 to 99.8% in 2009. Its objective is to improve the quality of national herds by increasing the share of pedigree livestock. Participation in the programme is voluntary, with eligible beneficiaries including the Republican Centre for Livestock Breeding, Kostanay oblast breeding farms, pedigree poultry production units and other agricultural enterprises.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)