albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The programme currently covers horizontal themes such as digitalisation, energy efficiency and the environment. Apart from providing financing, the programme also promotes awareness raising, networking, training, and supports sharing best practices among the government. New kinds of PPPs can also improve industry-science links.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
It recommends additional measures to improve participation rates, encouraging strong teachers to work in the schools with highest needs, and providing teachers with the tools to help those pupils most at risk of disengagement and drop-out. It recommends measures to modernise programmes of study and qualifications, supporting teachers in implementing the new curriculum, while reforming certification arrangements for the Bachillerato to realise a more inclusive system. Finally, it recommends measures to strengthen and expand vocational education and training, establishing technical schools as specialised centres of vocational and professional training, and developing shorter professional programmes, to be undertaken in the specialised centres.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The estimated nutrient load has been decreasing due to the closure of several sources, resulting in improvement in the status of the lake, indicated, for example, by a slight decrease in chlorophyll. During the recent very rainy years, surface water run-off from the adjacent areas slightly increased nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations, and decreased water transparency (Secchi depth). On the Finnish side, the Juustilanjoki Basin includes the Mustajoki River, the catchment of the KSrkjarvi River, and part of the Saimaa Canal,19 including the Soskuanjoki River.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Such public interventions are most effective in mobilising finance when they target specific market failures and barriers that hinder investment. Analysis of the factors needed for effective national enabling environments has highlighted a number of barriers to effectively scaling-up the levels of private investment in climate-resilient activities (e.g. Corfee-Morlot et al. The private sector has identified several policy recommendations for improving national enabling environments for mobilising and attracting low-carbon investment (see e.g. IIGCC, 2011).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The tariff collection rate fell to 86%, and user charge revenues covered just 40% of water production costs. Tariffs were increased only once in April 2008. The tariff for domestic customers was increased from UAH 2.94 to UAH 4.66 per m3 (respectively 0,38 EUR/m3 and 0,60 EUR/m3) whilst the tariff for public organisations was increased to UAH 5.93 per m and for other customers to UAH 8.61 per m3. At the same time, the lease agreement did not contain requirements to invest into the development of utility infrastructure facilities. For instance, in the Russian Federation some PPPs were cancelled after municipal elections. Possible solutions entail consolidating utilities at regional level or pooling services to invite one operator in a larger area.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Abstract   We used an unobtrusive research design to observe and measure the materials that academics post on their office doors in a social science department. The purpose of the study was to uncover how social actors advertise dimensions of their occupational identities. The analysis examined variation in the amounts and types of door materials, focusing specifically on how indicators of social status influenced  expressions given  in displays of occupational identity. We found that door displays are related to professorial rank and other relevant status markers. We encourage researchers to replicate the study in different types of universities and academic departments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For this study, the places that homeless people frequent are taken as the locations providing services to meet their needs, as well as the public spaces in which they spend time (De Vitiis et al., Two approaches were instead considered: the first involved selecting individuals at canteens and night shelters (known to be frequented by large numbers of homeless people), the second focused on public spaces. Both approaches had limitations related to incomplete coverage of homeless populations, and to the risk of including people multiple times. Addressing this challenge is more complex for a survey conducted in public spaces, however.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The annual monitoring will help prioritise adaptation needs and the allocation of budgets while the periodic evaluations will assess the efficiency, effectiveness and impact of the NCCAP (Philippines Climate Change Commission, 2011). These processes will inform government decision makers whether the approach is the right one, if circumstances are changing, and if adjustments in the plan or in the implementation mechanisms are needed. Monitoring, reporting and verification of actions under the Kenyan National Climate Change Action Plan, top-down and bottom-up indicators identified at the national and county level. Full implementation expected by 2020.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Where possible, population-weighted regional and world averages for indicators are presented in the tables. It looks at the gender composition of these households and compares how women and men within these households fare in term of key education, employment and poverty outcomes. It presents educational attainment by sex, employment status in the past 12 months, and earning status by sex.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
While debate continues over the role of the lawyer in society, this article notes that the recently amended professional conduct rules of both barristers and solicitors prioritise the duty to the court and the administration of justice. In addition, legal education initiatives support this position. By referring to Australia’s proposed regulatory framework and associated national professional conduct rules, and drawing upon the American Bar Association’s Model Rules of Professional Conduct and a body of US literature that refers to lawyers as public citizens, this article will argue that Australian lawyers owe a duty to the public in their everyday dealings with clients. In doing so, this article will refer to some theories of citizenship, and what it means for lawyers, in a practical sense, to act as public citizens.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
AbstractIn the past thirty years since the signing of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), the ocean has changed more than in all of human history before. It is now facing a multitude of interconnected threats that require comprehensive, precautionary and integrated management. This review of the environmental provisions in Part XII of the LOSC with respect to the high seas and the seabed area beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) reveals significant strengths as well as substantial weaknesses and gaps. Governments are now grappling with how to address problems related to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. This commentary concludes that Part XII will need strengthening, including through an implementing agreement, to enable the global community to cope with the escalating challenges of a changing ocean.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Big data solutions are important to reach the furthest behind and understand who and why people are left behind from the benefits of social and economic progress. New data mined from social media and geospatial data sensors can plug SDG data gaps and deliver timelier, targeted and more effective poverty-reduction interventions. In Uganda, the UN Global Pulse found that mobile phone credit purchases (i.e. SIM cards) correspond closely to household consumption data.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
One probability is slightly higher in the latter group: older men are more likely to report good health than women of the same age. Many explanations have been put forward for these differences (Spizzichino and Egidi, 2007). First, non-fatal chronic diseases are more common among women (Molarius and Janson, 2002, Hoeymans and others.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The administrations of the eight State reserves also report to the Department. The institutional structure is essentially centralized and based on a top-down approach. Little authority is devolved to the provincial, local or State reserve level. Provincal and local administrations have objected to some plans for the establishment of new PAs in the past, leading to delays at least (e.g. the planned Balkhan State Reserve).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
If bioenergy places demands on land areas used for fiber production, then wood fiber competition is inevitable. In the western U.S., treating fuels is an extensive geographic problem. Many of these areas have little or no remaining processing infrastructure, and produce insufficient materials to support highly capital intensive mills.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
There is no clear path to an alternative energy future, or on the timing and cost of the transition to an electric future based on renewable energy. There is also competition between the existing technologies and other energy carriers (hydrogen, pure electric, plug-in hybrid, biofuels), and each may be supported by separate government interventions that to some extent exist in isolation. Improvements in the fuel efficiency of traditional internal combustion vehicles have been robust, accelerated by regulatory requirements and tax incentives, eroding the short to middle-term business case for fossil fuel alternatives, particularly if the energy used still relies on nonrenewable sources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Such cognitive engagement by students depends on the quality of interactions between teachers and students around meaningful content and the quality of teacher explanations (e.g. Clarke, Resnick and Rose, 2015, Patrick, Mantzicopoulos and Sears, 2012). However, guided discovery’ learning, in which teachers provide feedback, assist learners and elicit explanations, is effective for larger numbers of students (Alfieri et al., Therefore, teachers always need to guide students, even throughout instructional phases when students have more freedom and responsibility for their own learning activities. Unfortunately, there is even less empirical evidence about the relationship between adaptive and equality of opportunity than on the effectiveness of adaptive teaching. They have showrn that high quality instruction can reduce inequalities (Borman et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Whilst there is an expectation that new green jobs will be created as “brown” jobs go, this is often overstated. It is more likely that existing jobs evolve into “greener jobs” and existing skills sets become greener. In certain circumstances occupations may require more specific “green” skills sets but these are likely to be either top-up skills that enhance existing competencies but applied to new green technologies or ways of working, or more specific skills linked to emerging sub-sectors or fields.57 Table 7 provides an example of categorisation of green occupations in a selection of countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Since Winterwerp v the Netherlands in 1979, the European Court of Human Rights and, later, the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, have been developing law and policy on human rights and mental disability (taken in this chapter to include psychosocial disability/mental health problems, and mental disabilities related to old age).  This paper charts the shape of those developments, relating to psychiatric detention, psychiatric treatment, and systems of guardianship.  The new paradigm of human rights, manifest in both the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the 2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is explored, and the potential and limitations of the ECHR in advancing that new agenda considered.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This article examines the rise of the discourse on lifelong learning across Europe and the variety of national policy trends which its rhetoric occludes. The ubiquitous presence of this meta-discourse in education and training policy-in-theory is seen as a singular event which can be ascribed to the impact of the variety of global forces on the education arena. It serves specific political functions in addition to signalling real changes in education and training systems. The duality of convergent rhetoric and divergent policy- in- practise is seen as a challenge to education policy analysis which requires multi-layered interpretation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Studies carried out in Cambodia, Ghana, Madagascar and Thailand have found that labour-intensive techniques led to two to five times more employment creation than alternative techniques (Devereux and Salomon, 2006). In the case of Senegal, an estimated 13 times more jobs were created thanks to the adoption of labour-intensive techniques, than with conventional techniques (Majeres, 2003). Obviously, the efficiency of adopting this approach rather than conventional capital-intensive approaches will depend on the nature of the assets being created.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Grain farming was established in the steppe land of northern Kazakhstan in the Virgin Lands programme of the 1950s and 1960s. However, and similar to the situation in neighbouring Siberia, variable climate led to volatile harvests and the soils in some of the new lands were unsuited to long-term cultivation - about 30%, according to the World Bank (1992). Other regionally important crops include sunflower seeds and oil crops in the northeast and rice in Kyzylorda.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. It examines the ways in which governments can strengthen agricultural incomes, while enabling households to diversify their income sources and take advantage of non-farm employment opportunities. Hence, while policies need to improve opportunities within agriculture for those who potentially have a competitive future in the sector, they also need to create wider opportunities for those who do not, or could earn higher incomes elsewhere.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Since the Supreme Court of Canada's 1990 decision in Macdonald Estate v Martin, motions to disqualify opposing counsel from acting on a case have been a regular occurrence in litigation. Despite their frequency, however, the law respecting disqualifying conflicts of interest remains difficult for lawyers to understand and apply. Even when a conflict is identified, it is not well-settled when a court will order removal. This lingering uncertainty has important practical ramifications for lawyers in practice, for litigants who likely already feel disheartened with the legal system as a result of their former lawyer's apparent conflict, and for public confidence in the integrity of the administration of justice. This paper seeks to provide a better understanding of when and why counsel may be disqualified for acting in a conflict of interest, through a comprehensive empirical review of all motions for the disqualification of counsel since the Supreme Court's decision in Martin.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The policy suggestions should be to encourage further the relaxation of labour mobility policies and to push forward with complete urbanisation, instead of setting up more regulations deterring labour migration. Accordingly and more importantly, the government should focus on building up the social welfare system and through it eliminate the rural-urban gap in terms of provision of and access to social welfare, instead of trying to redistribute through labour market interventions. That is, the large flows of the most productive population in the rural sector to the urban sector have brought about, and will further lead to, a relative fall in rural usual households’ income level. Whereas this chapter mainly focuses on the positive effects of labour migration in reducing income inequality, the relative status change of those left-behind is also a crucial challenge that policy makers have to face.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
This definition corresponds to the general understanding of sustainable development and its three dimensions, economic, social and environmental. Green Keynesianism, also presented as green stimulus or a “global green new deal” (GGND), argues for directing government spending towards technology and employment generation in ways that enhance environmental protection and raise efficiency, for instance by retrofitting energy-inefficient buildings or infrastructure (e.g., UNEP, 2009). These sorts of green investments were a much-discussed and promoted part of countercyclical macroeconomic policies adopted in the wake of the global recession of 2008, in both developed and developing countries. The proposal by UNEP emphasized the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities with regard to developed countries, emerging economies, countries with economies in transition and the least developed countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Second National Review of the Application of Environmental Indicators. Enforcement of game management plans is the responsibility of the MoAFWE Forest Police Department (see Section 9.5 below). Since then, 82 more areas have been added to the system, expanding it to a current total of222,204 ha (8.6 per cent of the territory). Since the first EPR in 2002, the system has grown by 40,731 ha (1.5 per cent of the territory) through addition of new areas and expansion of existing areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
They are now significantly better than for India or countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Chronic non-communicable diseases now account for an estimated 80 per cent of total deaths (Wang, et al. Only the last is disproportionately associated with poverty, but in China, it is also strongly linked to smoking which is still widely prevalent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
However, it could have been useful to attempt to do so, providing further insight into the expected net benefits related to the environment of the reforms. Instead the process typically extends over many years, even decades, adjusting to changing circumstances. Stakeholder engagement has become common practice for allocation reforms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Enhancing women's role in land management decisions," blog, 24 March 2016, International Institute for Environment and Development IIEC), London, www.iied.org/enhancing-womens-role-land-manage-ment-decisions. Promoting women's participation in forest tenure reform processes in Odisha, India". Forests and Gender Center for International Forestry Research, www.cifor.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The first step of the budget formulation consists in drawing the list of personnel of the school, which is based on the number of consolidated classes. The number of classes determines the type and number of school deputies, the number of teaching hours and related tasks to be allocated, and the number and type of support staff of the school (see Annex 4.A1). The overall number of teaching hours is used to determine the number of teachers needed as well as their teaching workload, once up to nine teaching hours have been allocated to each school leader.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Some areas for reflection and consideration are identified with Sweden’s curriculum, mainly related to implementation or strengthening staff skills to respond to changes in society. New Zealand’s Te Whariki has, due to its non-legal status, more possibilities to prescribe activities and practices for staff and include more detailed descriptions of expectations for child development and staff performance. Norway and Sweden aim at clarifying staff performance and guiding staff through providing complimentary support materials for staff for implementation of the curriculum.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Today's students will only be able to cope with the ongoing technological and digital revolution if education systems improve their quality, leading to better student performance, equitable outcomes and the acquisition of new skill sets and greater knowledge. What matters most is what and how they teach and for how long, how they motivate students and how they demand high standards from all students, while taking their differences into account. This requires continuously updating the knowledge that is being generated, integrating digital technologies, incorporating horizontal and socio-emotional skills, and promoting team work, critical thinking and complex problem-solving.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Over time, implementation of the Transport Sector Plan and its public transport target, as well as fuel tax harmonisation with neighbouring countries, will have a great influence on GHG emission trends. Co-operation procedures for Luxembourg municipalities were worked out with the Benelux partners in the 1986 Convention, and with France, Germany and Switzerland in the 1996 Karlsruhe Agreement. The meetings are devoted to specific economic and social problems (e.g. issues such as territorial planning, employment, transport, culture, tourism and education). Environment ministers and senior environment officials of the “Grande Region” have met several times since 1996.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Second, the massification process significantly increases the produced and consumed volume of the respective goods. Finally, the rise in productivity reduces prices and therefore increases discretionary income. New better quality products reduce living costs and increase people's living standards (Jong, 2015). An expansion of consumption opportunities enables consumers to adapt their preferences, they may ultimately want to consume goods that help them enhance their quality of life (Nussbaum, 1992, Sen, 2001).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
However, there is ample evidence that in many countries take-up of disability benefit is also related to labour market and early-retirement-related reasons (OECD, 2006, 2007b, 2008b and 2010d). The rapid increase in disability receipt of the 1990s cannot be linked to a similarly swift deterioration of the health status of Russians. The NOBUS survey suggests that the average age of receiving a disability pension is about 44 (Sinjavskaya, 2004), while Merkuryeva (2004) suggests that 50% of the individuals receiving disability benefits do not have worse health conditions than the rest of the population. In financial terms, the disability benefits are also attractive.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
A middle school principal has transformed the practices and plans in her school by studying the staffing models and more flexible timetables of a school in South Australia. Seeing” in this part of the CIEL programme is leading to deeper respect and to new possibilities. The call for disruptive innovation of education systems where schools, as we have known them, cease to exist has a certain appeal for those frustrated with the seeming snail’s pace of system change. Others urge systems to focus intensely and consistently on improving the quality of teaching and learning with a few strong and carefully constructed goals.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)