albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
In 2016 we call on the international community to join the AIDS and drug-law reform movements to advance a six-point agenda to ensure aligned policy on AIDS drugs human rights public health and criminal justice (panel). The international community has embraced the target of ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. This goal will only be reached by adopting public health and human rights-based approaches to all policies and programmes relating to drug use. Now is the time to work together to ensure that this six-point agenda is reflected in the outcome documents of the 2016 UN meetings on drugs and AIDS and to ensure that we stop leaving people who use drugs behind in our efforts to ensure health human rights and wellbeing for all.  (Excerpt)  Copyright © Buse et al. Open Access.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Although there are many other vulnerability factors, those below have been selected for analysis due to their relative importance for food availability and access as identified in Part 2 of the report. The impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security: an analysis of the evidence and case studies. Inter-seasonal Climate extremes ■ i -i., Climate data are aggregated over cropping areas smoothed for small geographical scale events, especially in large countries. The production and import data time series have been detrended by applying a LOESS approach.158 Detrending refers to removing a trend from a time series, where a trend usually refers to a change in the mean over time. Figures 29 and H show in white the countries where part of the production (or imports) variability is explained by climate indicators (and the correlation is statistically significant).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Investment proposals not specified in the notification were considered by the Commission on a case-by-case basis (DICA, 2013b). However, the MIC retains significant discretion over the approval of investment projects as the criteria for some activities remain relatively vague as currently stated in the FIL (see Chapter 3 on investment policy for further details). However, the MIC can allow foreign investment in such activities if it considers it is in the national interest, especially for ethnic minorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The drivers of cross-country differences in SA benefit dynamics are difficult to determine based alone on the administrative data used in this subsection. Some of the observed patterns are likely due to institutional features of the benefit systems, for instance the strictness of eligibility criteria or the availability of active labour-market programmes. Unfortunately, recent cross-country evidence on the design of social assistance policies is relatively rare (for an exception, see Immervoll (2012a)). Where SA is administered at the local level - as for instance in the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden - within-country policy variation can moreover be large.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This listing indicates two equals, but gives no indication of any parties being expected to ensure any intended added value deriving from adaptation and mitigation. One example of this is contained in the Paris Agreement: "It shall do so in a comprehensive and facilitative manner, considering mitigation, adaptation and the means of implementation and support, and in the light of equity and the best available science." Similar examples are found in the Paris Agreement, Article 10(2), where it reads "Parties, noting the importance of technology for the implementation of mitigation and adaptation actions under this Agreement and recognizing existing technology deployment and dissemination efforts, shall strengthen cooperative action on technology development and transfer.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In countries, where benefits are available for a relatively long duration, such as China and the Russian Federation, activation measures may have a potentially important impact on unemployment. At least in the context of OECD countries, it has been suggested that even low benefits could bring about high rates of benefit dependency in the absence of effective activation measures (OECD, 2010b). This suggests that the PES may have to monitor and enforce continued eligibility more intensively and engage in the development of individual action plans (see, for example, Vodopivec and Tong, 2008, for China). In this context, cash transfer (CT) programmes have become an important element of the social protection systems of most emerging economies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Section 3 presents the core of the new empirical evidence on the links between income inequality and economic growth. Section 4 explores one of the main transmission mechanisms between inequality and growth, finding evidence that the wider is income inequality, the lower is the chance that low income households invest in education. Section 5 draws some concluding remarks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
This situation is comparable to the first option discussed above, with the difference that, in case no subsequent medical uses are claimed, the initial product patent on a first medical use will comprise all possible subsequent uses, rather than being use-bound. Such modest contributions to the existing state of the art are referred to as “incremental innovation”. Such innovation often lies within the range local firms, particularly those that could not realistically aspire to developing truly new or non-obvious inventions that may require more technical research capabilities than are available.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In post-Katrina New Orleans, housing and community development (HCD) advocates clashed over the future of public housing. This case study examines the evolution of and limits to a human right to housing frame introduced by one non-governmental organization (NGO). Ferree's concept of the discursive opportunity structure and Bourdieu's social field ground this NGO's failure to advance aradical economic human rights frame, given its choice of a political inside strategy that opened up for HCD NGOs after Hurricane Katrina. Strategic andideological differences within the field limited the efficacy of this rights-based frame, which was seen as politically radical and risky compared with more resonant frames for seeking affordable housing resources and development opportunities. These divides flowed from the position of the movement-born HCD field within a neoliberal political economy, especially its current institutionalization in the finance and real estate sector, and its dependence on the state for funding a...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The Service has started developing appropriate institutional capacity and regulatoiy and logistical frameworks for its successful operation. The Law sets out measures for the social protection of citizens living and working in the vicinity of nuclear facilities, sources of radiation and nuclear storage facilities. The process of mass switch-over to energy'-saving lamps in the country' started in May 2009 and was completed by the end of the same year. Local authorities and social protection bodies were requested to provide energy-saving lamps to 241,000 low income families by October 2009. These families received about two million energy'-saving lamps, due to compensation from the state budget in the amount of US$3.3 million. In the period 2009-2011, two new plants for production of energy-saving lamps have been built and put into operation, each has a production capacity of three million lamps per year.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Ombuds offices do exist inside national mechanisms (Egypt), but not in the national Ombuds offices (Jad, 2010). In other settings, accountability mechanisms can prove quite effective. One notable example of an enforcement mechanism is Puerto Rico’s national gender institution, which enjoys quasi-judicial powers to fine public officials and private institutions that foil to comply with national gender equality policies (Johan, 2010). Gender mainstreaming involves the following activities: obtaining gender-disaggregated data and qualitative information on the situation of men and women, conducting a gender analysis which highlights the differences between and among women, men, girls and boys in terms of their relative distribution of resources, opportunities, constraints and power in a given context, and instituting gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, including the establishment of indicators to gauge the extent to which gender equality objectives are met and changes in gender relations are achieved.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Many companies say that by doing business electronically they have been able to cut procurement staff, the costs of materials, and the time it takes to select suppliers. Boeing has led a group of companies in the aerospace industry to create Exostar (www.exostar.com) as solution to support the complex supply chain and security requirements of the global aerospace and defence industry. In European manufacturing, the Internet has become essential to remote supply chain management [2]. What sources of information does the Internet provide to help buyers?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
How do these settings and working environments compare? This priority rating exercise served to guide the development of the Conceptual Framework and the development of the ECEC staff and centre leader questionnaires. Moreover, not all countries implementing the TALIS Starting Strong Survey 2018 participated in this priority rating exercise as it took place before countries committed to taking part in the survey.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The Regulated Industries Commission is the independent regulator of the electricity sector. The island has promising wind, solar and bioenergy potential, however, given the extremely low cost of conventional energy, renewable energy is placed at a competitive disadvantage (T&T MoE 2014). This section provides an assessment of the various sustainable energy technologies that have potential for deployment in the Caribbean region, and discusses emerging trends and risks for their use, from both an international and a regional perspective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Inclusion of agriculture in emissions trading schemes is generally made difficult by the presence of many small producers whose emissions cannot be monitored. In New Zealand, this is addressed by including the processor of product in the ETS rather than the individual farmer, for example dairy and meat processors, fertiliser manufacturers and importers. Voluntary reporting of emissions starts in 2011 and will be mandatory from 2012.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This is especially important for management of the environment, for transportation issues, and for labour market developments that affect commuting patterns. Competition among areas for economic development opportunities is also an emerging challenge. Stronger relations are considered necessary with the nearby territories of the South Loire, like Cap Atlantique, Pont-Chateau, and other EPCI surrounding the Nantes Metropole, in order to better manage relationships among territories.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This case note examines the Supreme Court’s decision in Re E (Children) (Abduction:  Custody Appeal) [2011] UKSC 27, [2011] 2 WLR 1326, in particular, its analysis of the  interrelationship between the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of  International Child Abduction, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child  and the European Convention on Human Rights. The importance of the case lies  primarily in its discussion of the European Court of Human Rights (Grand Chamber)  decision Neulinger & Shuruk v. Switzerland [2011] 1 FLR 122 but also as the first  Supreme Court decision to consider the interpretation of Article 13(b) of the 1980  Convention and as a useful confirmation of the Convention’s compatibility with Article  3.1 of the UNCRC.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This discussion paper raises questions about the accountability of cryptocurrencies, particularly altcoins, and the international law enforcement responses to the underlying threats that such instruments, particularly in darknet markets, pose for law enforcement agencies working globally and in concert, and it does so by considering the recent working group established by Interpol in this regard.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Deforestation is estimated at 0.9 percent per year, attributed mainly to the expansion of subsistence-based agricultural land, including post-harvest and pre-clearance burning and overgrazing. Adopted in 1992, the Constitution emphasizes the importance of sustainable natural resource management, which has been a priority in national programmes since then. Most recently, the 2016-2020 National Economic and Social Development Strategy highlighted the key role that forests and woodlands play in poverty reduction and local well-being.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Once these decisions are made, the teams consisting of individuals from various partners or even external parties need to be brought together and mobilised for development. In the beginning, workshops should be conducted between cross-functional stakeholders and specialists in order to discuss the most pressing issues, where blockchain can pose a valuable solution. The hypotheses developed within these workshops should then be tested and verified through extensive research, potentially including surveys of intended target groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In this conceptual article, the authors argue that diversity is an invitation to educators, youth, families, and community members to work together—a goal accomplished only by centering the local community rather than the local school—to educate youth and create a more just society. Based upon liberatory and emancipatory education, liberatory public education, an intersectional conceptual framework, brings together recent and current justice-oriented scholarship focused on youth development, curriculum and pedagogy, schooling, and community liberation, making a parallel case for justice-oriented family engagement in public schooling. The authors conclude with implications for teacher education, education policy, and family engagement scholarship.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, this has not been accompanied by an economic valuation of environmental services (e.g. carbon sequestration, air and water purification, biodiversity) and social benefits (e.g. employment, recreational opportunities, cultural values) associated with the protective functions. Doing so would allow the gearing of forest policies towards maximising the social, economic and environmental services provided by forests. Including forestry, manufacturing of wood, paper products and furniture. Threatened species are endangered, critically endangered and vulnerable species.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The underlying concept is that when parents are more self-confident, they have a more positive impact on their child’s education (Irish Department of Education and Skills, 2014). Many initiatives to assist low-performing students come from the communities and local actors willing to volunteer or donate resources. For example, in Japan’s School Support Regional Headquarters Project, people in local communities provide after-school remedial support for students in need, in consultation with schools (OECD, 2011).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
However, because of under-reporting problems and possible bias (for example with differing rates of reporting by vehicle type), police data should be complemented by hospital data, which are the next most useful source. This information — without personal details — should be made easily available for statistical purposes, policymaking and research. These have a limited value on their own, and cannot replace police or hospital data, but can be used to build a more balanced and comprehensive picture, to enrich the main data sources, and as a quality check. Using this method combined with linking police and hospital data may be appropriate to give a fuller picture of road casualties.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
First, the Russian service sector has been growing, which generates demand for a "female" workforce (UNIFEM, 2009, Laruelle, 2007). In addition, citizens of Kyrgyzstan used to enjoy a facilitated naturalization procedure in the Russian Federation, moreover, they are now exempted from the necessity of obtaining a work permit or patent due to their country's membership in the Eurasian Economic Union, which thus makes them more attractive to an employer. Second, perceptions about female mobility are different in Kyrgyzstan than they are in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These models, for example, only consider direct abiotic stresses on crops. This means that important abiotic stresses such as weeds, pests, and diseases, which may change significantly with climate change, are not taken into consideration. For instance, the values of all climate variables are assumed to change linearly between in the years 2000 and 2050.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This includes seasonal migration - a particularly important form linked to agricultural production cycles. These differences in opportunities also imply that migration has a high potential to contribute to economic, social and human development. Rural-urban migration in particular has always been, and will continue to be, an integral part of this process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In Europe, social exclusion has also been used to refer to a lack of wage-earning employment. In this case, its opposite would not be social participation, but participation in the labour market (although having a job might serve as a proxy indicator for participation in other spheres of life). The third distinction stems from the idea that social exclusion is an extreme form of poverty, those who are excluded would be in the worst situation, the poorest of the poor (Gordon, 1998).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Urban planning helps cities accommodate growth and adaptation in a sustainable way, to upgrade the existing built environment to a more sustainable one (hardware) and to manage related risks and needs of communities in order to make them more resilient (software). As local implementation is highlighted, many development programmes remain 'spatially blind'. When many interests are superimposed on the same urban space, conflicts arise that often lead to spatial inequity, and thereby marginalising the disadvantaged.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Rather, the estimated effects should be interpreted as referring to the short to medium run. Greater competition, including through the removal of anti-competitive product market regulations, could thus affect earnings inequality through several channels (Nicoletti etal., However, its impact on the dispersion of earnings is less clear-cut: While Nicoletti et al. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
With differences among regions and countries, these transformations include: the stabilization of total capture fisheries production at 90-95 million tonnes since mid-1990s, the rapid increase in global aquaculture production, reaching about 74 million tonnes in 2014 and outpacing all other food-producing systems, the globalization of the industry, with substantial growth in world trade in fish and fisheries products, particularly in value terms, and the rising demand for fish and fishery products. However, many factors might affect the prospects for this sector. These include: land and water and associated conflicts, feed, seed14 supply and genetic resources, environmental integrity and disease problems, development and adoption of new and improved farming technologies, market, trade and food safety, climate change, investment capital impediments, and problems that can originate from unguided and unmonitored aquaculture practices.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
In their comprehensive analysis of revenue management of Scottish tourism attractions, Leask et al. ( Including stakeholders is therefore often perceived from governmental perspectives as an obstacle to efficient planning. Conflict resolution, meditation and the building of a consensus about shared platforms should nevertheless be seen an integral component of sustainable tourism development and planning (Hall, 2008, McCool, 2009). In other words, tourism should be considered in the context of other systems that interact with tourism (Ritchie and Crouch, 2003).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Tarozzi (2007) argues that such reweighting produces comparable outcome distributions. Depvar= 1 is defined as being in a sample of interest, or “target” sample, which, in this case, means the sample of PISA students in 2000. Depvar equals 0 for students sampled in 2003 or 2006, depending on a comparison made. Conditional probabilities are estimated using logit regression with a set of student and family characteristics defined in the same way in all waves of the PISA survey, and recoded to have similar categories.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Through the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its 169 targets, the 2030 Agenda seeks to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls (Preamble, paras. Moreover, under this Agenda, world leaders committed to promote cohesive families (para. If families have changed over time, what is a ‘family’ today? How do critical human rights principles such as equality and non-discrimination, the best interests of the child and the right to live a life free of violence shape the understanding of family?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The supply of childcare spaces remains limited since it covers about a quarter of children aged 0 to 5 years, and a smaller proportion of the youngest in this age group (Friendly et al., Moreover, regulated services are often unaffordable (MacDonald and Friendly, 2016[ii]), long wait lists and hefty surcharges keep many children out (MacDonald and Friendly, 2016[ii]), and the gender employment gap is higher in provinces with the highest cost of median childcare (Moyser, 2017[i2]). Two earners are assumed for couples, male and female. In all cases, family lias two children aged 3 and 2 using full-time centre-based care.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Expenditures have increased steadily relative to GDP in line with other European countries’ over the past two decades and reached 11% of GDP in 2015 (Figure 3, Panels A and B). Spending on in-patient curative and rehabilitative care and on medical goods, notably pharmaceuticals, are higher than the OECD average (Panels C and D). The authorities have undertaken several measures to improve controls on health spending and its efficiency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
For example, apprenticeships can act as a means to improve the integration of refugees and other disadvantaged groups into local labour markets. They involve a mix of theoretical classroom-based learning and on-the job training, typically leading to a formal certification, which provides the individual with “journeyperson” status. However, apprenticeship systems and their governance frameworks are embedded in the specific national and regional education, labour market, and industrial relations systems of each OECD country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The authorities' plans to increase spending in railway and urban public transport over 2014-20 are welcome. But past concentration of investments in the road sector has left less developed regions without access to fast trains (with speeds above 120 km/h), hampering inclusiveness. Electricity generation capacity may be constrained in the medium term and remains dominated by fossil fuels, although the share of renewables has increased. Fostering telecommunication and information technology infrastructure would also help to develop a more sustainable and inclusive growth model.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)