albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
ABSTRACTA significant body of research as well as political advocacy outline the difficulties of Muslims living within Western countries. For virtuous reasons this scholarship assumes that Muslims are being prevented from belonging through mechanisms of social exclusion, and, it would follow, are at risk of losing faith in the prospects of harmony and social compact around religious diversity. Yet there is very little evidence that such exclusion generates disaffection and despondency. The emerging scholarship on ‘ordinary cosmopolitanism’ eschews an a priori assumption of exclusion. A survey of 585 Muslims living in Sydney (Australia) derived their attitudes to diversity, racism and national belonging. We critically assessed whether perceived disaffection and incompatibility (non-belonging, radicalisation) were as widespread as public commentaries and some research infers. The results show a very strong level of everyday support for cultural diversity and a rejection of assimilationist impulses, exceedin...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Lower reliance on recurring property taxes as part of the tax mix is, however, likely to harm output per capita, due to the comparatively low economic distortions associated with these taxes (Arnold, 2008, Akgun et al., A Microsimulation Analysis for Five European Countries,” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. Tax reform recommendations in OECD Economic Surveys (cont.) Tax reform recommendations in OECD Economic Surveys (cont.)
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The specificity of Asian growth triangles is that they are based on complementarities, such as the exploitation of different economic specialisations and competitive advantages, most frequently in the form of different levels of development and thus price and wage levels, across the cross-border area. The public sector is often an initiator or major funder, but with the goal of attracting foreign investment. The first growth triangle was the SiJoRi triangle between regions from Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia, initiated in 1989, formally established in 1995, and extended in geographical scope over time. The uneven level of development has changed the organisation of production in the triangle.13 Attracted by low labour costs in Batam (Riau Archipelago, Indonesia) and a relatively skilled workforce in Johor (Malaysia), industrial production has moved out of Singapore where, nevertheless, planning, marketing and distribution have remained (Kivikari, 2001).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The company insures all farmers in the cooperative, and the cooperative is responsible for paying the premium and for distributing potential payouts (Meherette, 2009). A limitation of weather index-based insurance is that 30 years of historical daily rainfall data are needed to make such a scheme operational. However, interventions that link social assistance with institutional demand also typically focus on supporting poorer farmers who are constrained in their access to resources. Ultimately, the aim is to increase agricultural production by small family farmers, improve farmers' and extension workers' skills and knowledge of food production and marketing, and link small producer organizations with local markets in general.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Nursing actions in support of equitable health and social relations have always been central to the work of our discipline. The mandate for social justice advocacy is identified in many of our professional and ethical frameworks, with systems-level advocacy situated as a core competency for advanced practice nurses. And yet, the sociopolitical processes that generate health inequities are not always readily understood by nurses. Emancipatory knowing provides an accessible lens to reveal how social injustice occurs while delineating a practical structure through which reflective action can be undertaken toward social change, otherwise known as nursing praxis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Law Cell, “Circular no. The first calls for a clear and comprehensive legal framework that includes penal and/or disciplinary standards, complaints mechanisms, and mechanisms for investigating and recording of acts of violence. It also refers to the importance of administrative procedures relating to acts of violence in school that guarantee the rights of parents to be fully and promptly informed, and the right of victims of violence to the protection of privacy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
All are members of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). There are, however, calls in South Africa to reform the funding formula that distributes customs revenue from SACU to its members (Economist Intelligence Unit 2015a). Any changes to the formula that reduce government revenue could have a major impact upon the smaller SACU member states. Mauritius saw gains in the tourism, information and communication technology, financial and insurance sectors, and losses in the construction industry (Kalumiya and Kannan 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Water management is one of the few areas in which a large part of projects have a practical component. Most of these projects are no-regrets options as well, since the cost of floods has been increasing because of the accumulation of assets in high-risk areas. In addition, a study commissioned by the BMFLUW and the entities responsible for water management in the Lander (BMLFUW, 2010) has shown that for the period up to 2050 there is no need for immediate practical measures for climate change adaptation. For example, floods were projected to vary between -4% and 10% relative to scenarios with no climate change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Such project-based assessments can also undermine the sustainability of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that rely on data with the right temporal and spatial scales. The objective of the centre is to generate, manage, exchange and disseminate relevant climate change information and capacity building services (IIED, 2013c). The NCCKMC was introduced in 2010, but is not yet operational. Similarly, Kenya has proposed a Climate Change Relevant Data Repository (CCRDR) to store and archive all data and information needed for the MRV+ framework (Republic of Kenya, 2012b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Blue water” generally refers to water that can be delivered for irrigation or made available for alternative uses, while “green water” must be used directly from the soil profile. The terms “green water” and “blue water” generate easily recallable images of soil moisture and stored surface water in a manner that is likely to be helpful to many public officials and agency staff members. Some authors have suggested that the opportunity cost of “green water” is generally smaller than that of “blue water”. They propose trading "green water” for “blue water”, when possible, to generate meaningful water savings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Mclver et al. provide one of the better definitions of communication rights (CRs):  The right to communicate is a conceptual framework within which to address issues of access, intellectual freedom, property rights, cultural and linguistic rights and privacy in a digital environment. It provides a way of framing appropriate questions around these issues, the most fundamental question being: How can communication opportunities be assured and enhanced for everyone? (2003, p. 8)
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It analyzes the legal norms that determine the limits and scope of the human rights of migrants in Mexico in the light of the contrasting documentary method and its evolution in order to know the adequacy of the constitutional norms that contain rights of migrants to the International Convention On the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the norms derived therefrom, norms of internal and external origin, as well as resolutions issued by the United Nations. It is noted that Mexico has reformed the Basic Charter to bring it into line with international standards, and has signed various international treaties to adequately protect migrant and family workers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For existing electric utilities this risk is mitigated by exclusivity, consumer dependence on electricity and regulated monopoly status that allows the unused electricity generation capacity to be charged to the customers. With many sub-utility solar projects, the output is used by the owner of the project. Many others operate under long-term contracts - power purchase agreements, which have a risk of default.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
If the cycle of decline, in which it is currently caught, is allowed to continue, the deleterious impacts on the life-forms dwelling in, above and next to the Ocean may well become irreversible. If we are to ensure a bountiful planet for ourselves and for future generations, the time for action is upon us. Having been born and raised in Fiji, from my earliest childhood I observed the Ocean’s status as the ultimate life-giver.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Just as the feminist movement's slogan "the personal is political" drew attention to the fact that domestic issues require public policies, advances in the region show that, now. It is essential to develop and implement public policies on the redistribution of time and work to foster gender equality and sustainable development (ECLAC, 2016a). Significant measures have been taken to address each of these commitments, especially over the past 10 years: developing time-use measurement tools, quantifying unpaid domestic work and unpaid care work, and promoting satellite accounts that allow the value of this type of work to be included in national accounts. Time-use data analyses have been very useful in the development of public policies targeting the recognition and redistribution of unpaid work, which represent one of the main determining factors of inequality between men and women in the region, even more so when other determinants of time distribution are taken into account, such as a person's place of residence, ethnicity, race and age, from an intersectional perspective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Given that broad unemployment is much lower among adults with secondary education than among those with primary education or less, mismatches seem to be a serious problem for young people with secondary education. In a survey among experts on 36 African countries about the major challenges youth face in labour markets, 54% found a mismatch of skills between what job seekers have to offer and what employers require to be a major obstacle. They were 41% to identify a general lack of skills among job seekers as a major obstacle (Figure 6.30.). The recruitment and temporary work agencies surveyed reported a general lack of targeted education and frequent major discrepancies between candidates’ profiles and the skills required for a job.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
These, however, also constitute opportunities for those responsible for tourism and water policy to work closely together. In the future, tourism-related water use intensities are expected to increase, while water availability in many regions will become more restricted due to competing uses and climate change leading to lower precipitation levels in many regions. In order to adapt to inevitable changes in water availability, as well as to mitigate its own contribution to climate change and its pressure on limited water resources, tourism needs to engage with policy areas responsible for energy- and water management, with a clear focus on policy making, including compliance with national greenhouse gas reduction goals, building codes, measurement and charging of water consumption, compliance with water benchmarks, and, possibly, mandatory education for staff in accommodation to engage in water saving measures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Therefore some activities can impact indirectly other activities by increasing the scarcity or changing the quality of the resource they use in common. In terms of policy analysis, it implies that efficient management of the nexus resources needs to take into account the direct and indirect effects of changes in the demand and supply of the various resources on the whole biophysical and economic systems, as this is the only means to avoid negative side effects and to create synergies. For example, implementation of hydropower for electricity production can conflict with irrigation requirements where hydropow'er release schedules do not match the timing of irrigation needs. Under more favourable conditions and adequate operational management, a dam and reservoir can provide a win-win situation w ith both hydropow'er and agricultural benefits (Hellegers et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
For example, the HFA Monitor provides information on the adoption of new national policies (input) but has no way of measuring the level of implementation (output) or whether it has led to a real reduction in risk (outcome). Therefore, while the momentum of the disaster risk management sector under the HFA is undeniable, its effectiveness is unclear. Increased inputs do not necessarily indicate achievement of the desired outcome. However, seen from a broader perspective, this information is largely self-referential. The HFA Monitor documents real achievements in developing the policies, legislation, information systems and institutional frameworks recommended by the HFA, but not the achievement of the policy goal of reducing disaster risk.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It has also united parents to their bigger children. ” ( Overall, evidence confirms a strong relationship between poverty and mental health in developing settings. A recent review of programming concluded that although there is good evidence that a variety of mental health programs have positive impacts on economic outcomes, overall the mental health effects of poverty alleviation programs are inconclusive (Lund et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
If current trends continue to 2030 then key risks for poverty will include the rising number of single-adult households, living in a single-earner households, rising work poverty resulting mainly from low hours of work but exacerbated by low pay, and increased transitory poverty as work becomes less secure. Increasingly fluid family structures will also increase vulnerability to poverty, with more people moving in and out of poverty as a result of family-related events (including divorce or separation). If current trends continue then women’s employment rates will rise and the pay gap will fall to 2030.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Despite this, school directors still tend to see themselves as administrators, not as instructional leaders. As one Ministry witness stated: "It is difficult to delegate management decisions and responsibilities down to the directors. Schools are isolated and we have not built a management system that is efficient for schools."
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
However, the ceiling is sometimes fairly high, and for a few countries, there is no upper limit. The benefit level is unrelated to previous income and has thus a considerable redistributive effect. The overall redistributive impact is however difficult to gauge as it depends on how minimum income benefits are combined with other social assistance schemes. For instance, in continental Europe, minimum income programmes often complement other benefits delivering important first-tier safety nets whereas in Australia and New Zealand it represents the main benefit for individuals without income.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Most private financing has come from private forest owners, notably through wood sales revenue. However, investment by private financial institutions is rapidly growing in importance. They are presented below, in summary form. Strategies should be adaptive: their success or failure should be monitored, and the strategies changed, if necessary, in the light of experience.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In all habitat categories together, nature and landscape complexes increased from 78 000 ha in 2000 to 96 000 ha in 2012. There are 161 documentation sites in all, which are important for research and education. Natural monuments have particular scientific, cultural or landscape value, Poland has a total of 36 316, including glacial boulders, rocks, grottos, caves and springs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Taking a comparative perspective, this article examines the effect upon single persons of eligibility criteria for access to new reproductive technologies in the UK, using as a parallel recent developments in this area in Australia. Through an analysis of the decision of the Federal Court of Australia (Victoria) in McBain v. State of Victoria & others [2000] FCA 1009, in which state legislation that prohibited single women from gaining access to assisted conception services was deemed contrary to the Commonwealth's Sex Discrimination Act 1984, the article examines the potential for challenging the current access provisions in the UK. This is particularly relevant in the light of developments at the supra-national level, including the recent incorporation into domestic law of the European Convention on Human Rights and the increasing potential of European Union law to touch upon health-care matters.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
They show that beneficiaries of Chile Solidario have performed better compared to the control group in terms of employment of additional persons within the households (+2 per cent) and especially in terms of improvements in their housing conditions (+22 per cent). Similarly, de la Guardia et al. ( Data report information on the socio-economic conditions of Chilean households for the years 2001 and 2006, and include four regions representing about 60 per cent of the country’s population: Atacama, Maule, Bio Bio and Metropolitan Regions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
All actors in the system need to be accountable for improvement. Virtually all teachers (95%) now' hold a tertiary education degree and the competition for selecting candidates for posts has been improved to reduce the risks of politicisation and unfair appointment. The delivery of in-service teaching has also been overhauled, with the creation of a dedicated Teaching Training Institute and the introduction of a series of direct assessments of teachers’ knowledge which have enabled training to better meet teacher needs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The Ministry' of Mining and Heavy Industry is responsible for the mining cadastre (chapter 2). The Ministry' of Roads and Transport is responsible for roads, in particular for increasing the number and length of paved roads. There are no formal mechanisms for coordination on land management and land degradation prevention issues among these ministries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The schools now also have to provide written information about the pupil’s results in relation to the national goals to make the pupils results clearer for the parents. The focus is further development in subjects and, included, didactic perspectives and skills. Teachers can keep 80% of their salary, while furthering their education in a subject that they teach.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The agricultural sector went into a profound debt crisis in the second half of the 1990s and resources were withdrawn massively from production. By the early 2000s, about 19 million hectares on which crops had been grown a decade earlier were no longer used, and livestock inventories in the former collective farm sector fell to 20% of their level in 1990. Agricultural output more than halved during the 1990s, a decline that has still not been fully reversed, even though it bottomed out at the end of that decade. These reforms accelerated in the next decade after a large-scale financial rehabilitation that also included bankruptcies of a large number of former state farms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Accommodation with below-standard water and sanitation infrastructure is highlighted as one of the factors that generate particular vulnerability in poor and predominantly non-white communities (MCRC, n.d.). Evidence suggests that people with less access to water and sanitation are more prone to also having other basic needs unmet, a situation that exacerbates their economic condition and deprivation of human development, prolonging the cycle of poverty. The education, health and income of parents can play an important role with regard to the opportunities their children may have to move out of poverty. In this way, poverty of one generation can be handed down to the following (UNDP, 2016, World Bank, 2017a). Inadequate water and sanitation facilities in schools are long known to negatively impact education, especially of girls, and to hamper social progress (UNDESA, 2004). Figures show that three in ten primary schools lacked an adequate water supply in 2013 (UNESCO, 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
From then until 1976, the proportion of Australians living in capital cities rose from a little over one-third (36%) to almost two-thirds (65%) (ABS, 2008). This figure has remained relatively stable. In 2014, 15.6 million people, or 66.5%, were living in capital cities. Overall, almost a third of Australia’s 23.5 million people reside in New South Wales, making it the country’s most populous state (ABS, 2015). The Australian Standard Geographical Classification - Remoteness Areas system was developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and enables quantitative comparisons between “city” and “country” Australia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
There is a large potential and need for energy connectivity and for large markets through cross-border infrastructure and energy trade, including oil and gas pipelines and electricity grids, such regional and subregional cooperation is crucial for ensuring reliable, efficient and safe transportation of energy resources, thus increasing energy security. Further improve the investment climate in Asia and the Pacific using public-private partnerships for implementation of cross-border energy infrastructure. Invite all regional and subregional organizations to work collectively on addressing the challenges in the energy sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, COPD and asthma. While the elderly population currently represents around 10% of the total number of National Health Insurance beneficiaries, they are responsible for around 32% of the total health insurance expenditure (HERA, 2010a). In 2010 these expenditures represented between 11% and 14% of the entire Korean health budget. The IDF also estimates that expenditure on diabetes will increase from between 7.3 billion in 2010 to 10.3 billion dollars by the year 2030 (Zhang, 2010). Furthermore, while Korea spends a large slice of its health budget looking after people with diabetes, Korean mean expenditure per person with diabetes is relatively low (Figure 3.4).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Currently the problem is that only a limited range of ecosystem services can be modelled and valued. Its purpose is more to act as a modelling tool than to serve as a tool to monitor impacts of specific policies over time. In their modelling a range of modelling tools are used - including the InVest tool - and they are trying to improve these tools in order to allow for an ecosystem service approach.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The experience of the introduction and test results from interactive television technologies (including return interactive channels) for DVB, ATSC and ISDB systems in different countries are provided in [10.3]. This model is provided in Figure 10.3. Today, the physical link for the interaction channel is mainly realized by accessing broadband (wired or wireless) IP-based networks.) At the time of writing, for digital television broadcasting, ITU-R defines certain possibility for the return interactive channel on the basis of PSTN/ISDN networks (Rec.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)