albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
An excellent example of such an approach is Japan’s Top Runner programme, which turns the most efficient product into a standard to be met by other manufacturers within a given time period. Upgrading towards technologies that are low on emissions and highly energy-efficient should be a key objective of industrial policy. Achieving this goal with existing agricultural technologies and production systems would entail further increases in greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, deforestation and land degradation, which in turn would impose further environmental limits on food production growth itself.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
As a starting point, it would be useful to conduct a substantial longitudinal study assessing the career choices nurses make. This could help inform policy options to make the role of the nurse practitioner a more attractive career path for suitably qualified nurses. Australia should also monitor the experience of countries like the United States, which is advanced in the use of nurse practitioners, for other innovations in the tasks appropriately trained nurse practitioners could take on feasibly and safely. They practise medicine in health care teams with physicians and other providers. Their tasks include taking a patient’s medical history, conducting physical exams, diagnosing and treating illness, ordering and interpreting tests, developing treatment plans, counselling on preventive care, assisting in surgery, writing prescriptions, and making rounds in hospitals and nursing homes (American Academy of Physician Assistants). This is not in the best interests of patient safety.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
As such, pursuing a shift to demand-led growth, on its own, is unlikely to address the environmental costs associated with sustained growth, unless the higher wages and earnings of lower income groups that will result from such a shift are spent on goods that are less reliant on fossil fuels and natural resource extraction, and increased public expenditure and investment is also allocated to fuel-efficient sectors and technologies. This is where proposals for green economy become relevant. There are, however, different variants of green economy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This result can be explained by the fact that the top EPP exporters are low-income Asian and African countries that have not attracted significant levels of FDI. This correlation is robust and positive for eight of the ten categories of EGs. In most cases the elasticities are also very high - significantly more than one - indicating the crucial role of technical assistance projects in explaining trade in EGs. The profile of these projects indicates that tied aid may be an important factor contributing to trade in EGs to developing countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Similarly, Governments in several Latin American countries have forged successful partnerships with private companies aimed at improving technical education (Alvarez and others, 1999). These partnerships can also help strengthen interactions between agents in the economy. Studies have shown that educating consumers regarding their energy consumption patterns can reduce consumption (by about 11 per cent in the United States, according to one study), by switching from high- to low-energy items (Gardner and Stern, 2008). A United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) programme focused on training, awareness creation and policy advice has led to significant savings by firms through conservation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
While much research has demonstrated that English-only rhetoric negatively affects bilingual education for the children of US immigrants, few studies have examined the local negotiations and discourses that shape the development of multilingual programming for English-speaking students. Across the USA, educational leaders and policy-makers today struggle to develop language programs and explain the benefits of multilingualism. To examine these challenges at the local level, this study analyzed data from an 18-month ethnography documenting the development of an elementary (K-5) language immersion school in a predominantly monolingual city. Framed by neo-institutional theory, analyses focused on leaders' and parents' cultural scripts, or the discourses they employed during bottom-up planning processes. Findings demonstrate that the majority of leaders and diverse parents valued multilingualism as a right and resource for all students, however, parents' discourses also stressed the importance of language as ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It describes the progress made in the region in two key areas: (i) food insecurity and hunger, based on the Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) indicator and level of severe food insecurity shown by the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), and (ii) malnutrition, based on SDG Indicator 2.2.1 on stunting and SDG Indicator 2.2.2 on wasting and overweight among children younger than five. It also considers the state of micronutrient deficiency, including anaemia and deficiencies in vitamin A, zinc and iodine, as well as possible undernutrition outcomes such as low birth weight. All countries in the region have made considerable progress in reducing the incidence of food insecurity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Hence, they might not be universally applicable and some adaptations may be needed. Comparability is a concern also in terms of time: over time, data may not be available or the original measurement may no longer be relevant to guide decisions, for instance because of changes in the institutional setting. In fact, there are a number of factors that can affect results beyond the policy itself, such as fiscal crisis and climate conditions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The Riksdag has set up an internal audit to determine its institutional gender sensitivity with the aim of developing gender-sensitive measures and flexible working schedules. Accordingly, it now draws up its parliamentary calendar one year ahead, with sittings scheduled on specific days of the week between the months of October and June (OECD, 2014). Canada’s parliament has developed family-friendly, gender-sensitive infrastructure to bridge the gender divide in the country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The structural quota system (SQS), which was endorsed by Parliament in 2007, continues with small adjustments. This law replaces the Raw Fish Act from 1951. Norway has prioritised efforts on issues related to discards and by-catch of marine recourses and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). The total first-hand value decreased from NOK 14.2 billion in 2012 to NOK 12.5 billion in 2013.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
In Norway, this finding may again be linked to the fact that low-income single parents will typically receive Transitional Allowance rather than Social Economic Assistance. For Sweden, it is difficult to come up with a policy-related explanation for this finding. In the other four countries, this pattern is however much weaker (in Latvia and the Netherlands) or even reversed (in Norway and Sweden). Immigrants or individuals with a foreign nationality are represented more strongly among recipients with long benefit spells.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Less than 3 per cent of collected MSW is recycled. Separation of waste and recycling infrastructure are not yet sufficiently developed to achieve targets set by the EU. This MO transposes relevant EU legislation.57 The aim of these regulations is to define limit values for concentrations of heavy metals in the soil and in sludge, and for the maximum annual quantities of heavy metals which may be introduced into the soil.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Countries in LAC tend to have ratified the convention earlier than countries in other regions. Discriminatory attitudes also vary across regions: one person in four declares that men make better political leader than women do in LAC (25%), one third in SSA (34%) and OECD countries (35%), and about one in two in EAP (53%) and ECA (54%). Gender-biased attitudes towards political leadership are widespread in SA and MENA where 67% and 74% of the population respectively underestimated women's political leadership. To address this question, we start by investigating the relationship between the gender-based discrimination in social institutions, captured by the SIGI, and income per capita, measured by GDP per capita.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In low and lower-middle-income countries, there may also be limited resources with which to pursue redistributive strategies, although politics are usually a more serious obstacle. Prolonged and increasingly global economic depression will not help this situation, but the political space for progressive policies is determined less by levels of economic growth than by the nature of political regimes in power. In fragile states, developing an inclusive political settlement that provides a basis for social cohesion and long-term growth and prosperity can be especially challenging (Chapter 16, Global approach 4).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Finally, 5.2% was spent on general psychiatry and 0.9% (the least of all medical specialties) on child psychiatry in regional hospitals. This implies that the county hospitals bear the largest share of specialist psychiatric out- and inpatient services (SALAR, 201 lb). Sweden has been a proactive actor in the advancement of national mental health, developing locally targeted policy and programmes, as well as cooperating with international mental health efforts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Significant effort will be needed by countries to develop detailed sector level implementation plans and understand associated investment and finance needs in light of available domestic resources. They are intended to articulate the actions each Party plans to implement post-2020 as part of its commitment to the international climate change regime. The (l)NDCs are in the first instance documents for communicating political commitments, setting out national or sectoral climate goals, and as such provide no detailed implementation plans, which can be used as a basis for business planning and investment decisions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The overall budget of the Ministry of Science and Technology was cut nearly by half during this time. Similarly, university research budgets, which are based on the total budget per student, declined by 9% between 1996 and 2005, while many government ministry budgets for R&D (excluding agriculture) have been cut by over 50% during the past ten years. The recommendation has been approved, but no decision has been taken for implementation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Women from diverse backgrounds continue to face higher barriers during recruitment and promotion processes. In 2016 (for the 31 OECD countries for which data are available), women occupied on average 56% of offices in first instance courts and 47% in appeal courts, but held only 33% of judgeships in the supreme courts. These studies can trigger policy actions by providing information that directly responds to identified gaps.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This included two main waves of trade liberalization, one in the 1990s and a second in the 2000s (Coello at al., The first wave lasted From the initial opening of the country until approximately 2001 and foresaw the total abolition of trade licences and the removal of most quantitative restrictions (Thanh and Duong, 2009). The second wave—still ongoing—includes the full involvement of the country in the global network of reciprocal trade agreements (both multilateral, WTO accession in January 2007, and bilateral, such as agreements signed with the United States in 2001 as well as FTA negotiations with the EU concluded in 2016). Empirical analyses consistently highlight the increased importance of international trade in the Vietnamese economy as well as the positive correlation between trade liberalization, growth and poverty reduction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Among these notions are "carrying capacity", which is related to planetary boundaries, as discussed in chapter I, "the tragedy of the commons", which is concerned with the management of common resources, and degradation narratives that refer to environmental destruction by the poor. First, even though these notions may have been disproven by historical evidence (Ostrom, 2000, Boyce, Narain and Stanton, 2007), overpopulation paradigms project population-induced scarcities into the future. Because sustainable development takes a long-term and future-oriented view, such projections are appealing: they seem to provide insight into what lies ahead for humanity. By avoiding the political negotiation of resource use and control, competition and conflict, these paradigms can shift responsibilities away from powerful elites and vested interests onto the shoulders of the poor.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The "fourth-generation regulator" must oversee an increased range of services, delivered over multiple broadband and converged networks that form the digital ecosystem. More than ever before, regulators are now being asked to protect consumers from a stew of ills such as inappropriate content, faulty billing and fraudulent online activities. So important is the Internet, that fourth-generation regulators are increasingly becoming involved not only in the economic necessity of building affordable access, but also in the attendant social opportunities and challenges arising from better-connected communities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The region has widely implemented projects on irrigation and drainage management. In the water sector, upgrading assets that are operating beyond their planned lifetime is a primary issue, even in countries with relatively developed water and wastewater infrastructure such as Ukraine (World Bank, 2014). Another issue is that development plans and investments regarding water infrastructure often do not seem to consider the long-term implications of climate change in many developing countries, including some EECCA countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Another example is a food waste recycling system developed by a multidisciplinary team of government agencies, corporations and academia, this is similar to an ongoing Japanese project related to methane fermentation and high-speed composting technology with waste recovery logistics and multi-stakeholder collaboration. For example, continuous exchanges of knowledge and practices on an RCS between Japan and Viet Nam yield significant academic and practical fruits in the IR3S research project. A Vietnamese research team has examined typical ecosystem services in the wetland conservancy of the Mekong River delta (Triet and Caines, 2007).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
In an attempt to strengthen the position of the police to fight cybercrime, the Dutch government proposed new legislation giving police agencies new investigative powers on the Internet. This proposed legislation is controversial as it allows police agencies to hack into computers and install spyware. This paper examines the background and contents of the proposed legislation and tries to answer the question to what extent these new investigative powers may result in infringements of the right to privacy and other fundamental rights of citizens, and whether these infringements are justified. The framework for this evaluation, mainly based on the European Convention on Human Rights, focuses on the legitimacy and necessity of the proposed investigative powers. The most important considerations are that new investigative powers are introduced while existing powers are not used adequately and that there are serious doubts as to whether these new investigative powers will be effective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Many prosperous cities have developed or transformed their transport systems from traditional to sustainable and smart systems. Sustainable transport systems offer social, economic and environmental returns that support the goals of Agenda 2030. Given that the transport system is a space where people spend significant amounts of time every day, governments and city decision makers need to consider comfort and safety issues as well as conditions of dignity for users.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Such efforts can help adults make informed decisions to prepare them to transition into the labour market (OECD, 2015b). Some countries establish physical centres where job seekers can come to speak to counsellors and learn about local employment or education opportunities. Canada boasts over 10,000 career guidance centres, and the province of Saskatchewan has developed a network of 20 centres to provide advice on finding jobs, changing careers and the education programmes that can help accomplish these goals (OECD, 2005). Virtual guidance centres can also be established through online platforms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It is also manifested in the difficulty of combining recognition and redistribution policies, the risk being that upholding cultural difference ends up legitimizing social inequality (or, conversely, that upholding equality legitimizes cultural homogenization). All this adds up to a situation of profound inequality for indigenous peoples, since the scale and depth of the divides are compounded by their persistence and reproduction in numerous spheres. Guatemala and the Plurinational State of Bolivia are the countries with the highest proportions of indigenous people in the region, and this is reflected in all quintiles, by comparison with the other countries in the sample.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
V told the DHS child protection officer she was engaged to be married to her 17-year-old fiance and she was going to travel overseas to meet him. Early and Forced Marriages in East Afric. Katanga was charged with the crime against humanity of sexual slavery and rape under article 7 (1) (g) of the Rome Statute (enslaving civilian female population of Bogoro), and sexual slavery and rape constituting a war crime under article 8 (2) (e) (vi) and article 8 (2) (b) (xxii) constituting a war crime in non-international and international armed conflicts respectively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Women and girls or men and boys experience these negative impacts differently. Women and men tend to have different roles in the value chain, including hunting, processing, transporting, purchasing and consumption. Gender-specific studies and other information, or requirements regarding gender and the wildlife trade, are nevertheless very limited. Women can play effective roles in formal forest protection forces, including combating illegal wildlife poaching and logging.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Article 5 states that "Local populations should be associated with tourism activities and share equitably in the economic, social and cultural benefits they generate, and particularly in the creation of direct and indirect jobs resulting from them." Considering nature-based tourism from a sustainability perspective will inevitably take us to the concept of ecotourism, which can be seen as a normative sub-category of nature-based tourism. Donohoe and Needham (2006) reviewed 42 definitions and conclude that ecotourism is characterized as nature-based, preservative, educative, sustainable, responsible and ethical tourism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Recently, agricultural support levels in most of the emerging economies have tended to rise, in particular in China and Indonesia. They subsequently also shape production of the feedstock commodities. In the United States, government mandates have played a major role in the fast growth of maize based ethanol production, while the EU biodiesel policy has led to strong increases in the cultivation of rapeseed for vegetable oil production.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
For those requiring more comprehensive care, there are sheltered housing options that provide staff on either a full- or part-time basis. If the individual has an income, municipalities can charge for the housing service (rent and other care) on a sliding scale (Melke, 2010). Two-thirds were classified as “home-like”, while the remaining one-third was found to be “institution-like”.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Focusing on the long-term horizon to 2050 has the benefit of also examining whether countries are likely to achieve the SDGs even if they miss the mark by 2030. Will the mirror of the past provide the image of the future? This chapter sets out to answer these questions, providing the overall context and background for the remaining chapters.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This shows no change from the previous data point, 2011/12, when the indicator was introduced (the indicator is a score between 0 and 100, but not a percentage value, with higher score representing better outcomes). Since 2008, this level has fuctuated betwen 74% and 77%. For example, in the case of health care-acquired infections, the website explains that improvements can be achieved through measures including hand hygiene, hospital cleanliness, equipment decontamination and optimal antimicrobial prescribing. The data for this indicator, however, relate to 2011, and some of the other indicators are also based on old data, making them less useful.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Further, more than half of men and nearly two-thirds of women among such self-employed workers reported monthly remuneration that is very low, indeed below the official minimum wages in most states. This, in turn, requires a significant rethinking of the way analysts and policy makers deal with the notion of “workers”. Several new policy problems emerge: the difficulty of ensuring decent conditions of work when the absence of a direct employer means that self-exploitation by workers in a competitive market is the greater danger, the difficulty of assessing and then ensuring “living wages” when wages are not received by such workers, who instead depend on uncertain returns from various activities that are typically petty in nature, the need to develop new forms of policy intervention to improve work conditions and strategies of worker mobilisation in this context.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
From the information provided by the respondents on their principal activity in each month of the 48-month observation period, four mutually-exclusive activity states are defined using: in work, in education, in unemployment (‘NEET unemployed’), and inactive out of education (‘NEET inactive’). Young people who combine education and work are treated as ‘in education’, vocational training can unfortunately not be identified as separate from education. An individual’s chain of 48 monthly activity states from the age of 16 to 20 is interpreted as her school-to-work trajectory. The three panels are merged for the OECD countries to give the sample used for analysis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
For the country to meet its target of increasing the share of RES in TPES to 23% by 2025, the RES share must increase by 1.52 percentage points per year on average from the 2013 base share of 5%. Viet Nam has set a target of increasing the share of electricity generation from renewable energy to 4.5% in 2020 and 6% in 2030, which is predominantly going to be achieved through hydropower. For 2020, Viet Nam expects to increase the installed capacity of hydropower to 17 400 MW, pumped storage hydropower to 1 800 MW, wind power to 1 000 MW and biomass to 500 MW.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)