albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
In addition, both male and female victims often do not want to relive the traumatic experience and/or feel fear, shame, embarrassment and an unwillingness to become involved in the police and judicial systems. These stations/units are staffed primarily by female officers in order to provide an environment where women may feel more comfortable in reporting crimes. They often combine a number of specialised police officers with health and social workers, along with legal specialists, to form a team that can comprehensively respond to cases of gender-based violence, including domestic violence and sexual assault.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In conjunction with the Global Education and Skills Forum 2016 which, from its inception in 2013, brings together leaders from the public, private and social sectors seeking solutions for achieving education, equity and employment for all, the Broadband Commission convened its spring meeting to discuss, among other issues, how to innovate in education through technology. During the two-day event commissioners had the chance to attend on-site sessions of the Broadband Commission's three current working groups on the Saturday, as well as the full-day meeting of the Commission on the Sunday. The full meeting of the Commission also revisited the issue of new broadband targets to help achieve SDGs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
As mentioned above, the Vienna Programme of Action also explicitly stressed the importance of eradicating "any conflicts which may arise between the rights of women and the harmful effects of certain traditional or customary practices, cultural prejudices and religious extremism." Stereotypes and cultural norms which dictate prescriptive roles for women in society also have a negative impact on women's enjoyment of their human rights. For instance, girls' lack of access to education has sometimes been justified on the presumption that, as mothers and wives, they will not enter the workforce and thus do not require education. She also points to women's lack of influence in decision-making processes which define the culture of any given community (A/67/287).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Based on the number of passengers and vessels the average capacity of the cruise ships to Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Svalbard must be larger and thereby obtaining economics of scale compared to the Greenlandic cruises. Therefore, if we correct the estimated carbon emissions for number of passengers per cruise ship the total emission is just above 544,000 tonnes. A cruise calling ports on both Iceland and the Faroe Islands would therefore count double as they are registered as tourists in both countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
While the rhetoric of public engagement is increasingly commonplace within industry, there has been little research that examines how lay knowledge is conceptualized and whether it is really used within companies. Using the chemicals sector as an example, this paper explores how companies conceive of publics and "public knowledge," and how this relates to modes of engagement/communication with them. Drawing on qualitative empirical research in four companies, we demonstrate that the public for industry are primarily conceived as "consumers" and "neighbours," having concerns that should be allayed rather than as groups with knowledge meriting engagement. We conclude by highlighting the dissonance between current advocacy of engagement and the discourses and practices prevalent within industry, and highlight the need for more realistic strategies for industry/public engagement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For example, Thailand’s 2nd National Communication outlines the models used to develop higher resolution climate impact projections (MNRE, 2011). Some national climate/adaptation action plans also include indicators used to assess climate impacts or vulnerability. For example, the 2nd Brazilian National Communication to the UNFCCC summarises information on expected changes under different climate scenarios in the extent of low-risk areas for growing particular crops.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In addition to adjusting the targets for public transport, Vietnamese policy makers have two key considerations: how to design effective public transport systems and what options they have available to pay for them. However, there are significant obstacles to urban transport system integration in any comprehensive form. They range from rushed implementation that has produced conflict and confusion, to inadequate technology for secure collection of fares and recognition of tickets, to disparities in equipment and infrastructure maintenance between municipalities (Hidalgo and Carrigan, 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The “trial run”, however, does not include carbon sink credits. Therefore, at present in Japan, the only system under which forest carbon sinks can be used for credits is the J-VER system. It is becoming more widespread in the United States and Europe. However, emissions trading is intended to enable the fulfilment of emissions reduction obligations under the Kyoto Protocol or other local or national systems. The credits used under carbon offsetting are called verified emission reduction (VER).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The European Energy Efficiency Fund is a public-private partnership dedicated to provide funding for energy efficiency measures and renewable energy sources for member states of the European Union. The UK Green Investment Bank was created in 2012 to generate private funds for the financing of private sector in vestments in energy efficiency and environmental preservation more generally. A joint International Finance Corporation (IFC) and GEF initiative, CEEF provide guarantees of up to 50% of the loss from loan defaults to energy efficiency investments in Eastern Europe. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Prices for corn, wheat and rice more than doubled between 2006 and 2008. While prices declined in late 2008, food prices have since rebounded, attaining new record highs in February 2011 (figure III.3). Despite conflicting evidence, it would appear that recent price rises have also been accompanied by higher volatility, which increases uncertainty, thereby hindering investment in human and physical capital, technology and innovation (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009a) (figure III.4).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Gender identity is the internal sense of being a woman or man, or some other category (transgender). Gender equality is not a women’s issue but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sustainable people-centred development.” Key phases of this process are summarized below.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Such planning processes need to take into account different cities’ particular emission and risk contexts. According to the New Climate Economy Report, a shift to more compact urban growth, connected infrastructure, and coordinated governance has the potential to “reduce urban infrastructure capital requirements by more than US $3 trillion over the next 15 years”.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This baseline scenario assessed whether the countries would be “on track” or “off track” to achieve the targets, taking into account non-linearities in the effectiveness of social spending in achieving those targets. All 27 country-level studies found that, while substantial human development progress would be made with the current public expenditure scenario, only two countries (Chile and Cuba) would fully meet, by 2015, a set of targets for primary school completion, reduction of child and maternal mortality rates, and expanded coverage of drinking water and basic sanitation. The public spending needed to meet the targets in the countries studied was estimated at about 7 per cent of GDP and, in some cases, the estimate was even higher.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
How does the transnational legal process, based on international human rights law, affect domestic constitutional law? This chapter analyses how domestic constitutional regimes interact with the Inter-American Human Rights System. It argues that structural transformations in international law together with broader legal interaction have allowed new players to behave as constitutional actors articulating political claims in the language of fundamental rights. This process inaugurates possibilities of reshaping constitutional law, allowing civil society actors to bypass domestic institutional obstacles to human rights enforcement. The parallel development of the Inter-American Human Rights System as an independent regime with a plurality of domestic answers to its normative growth leads to a unique path of development, adding an interesting set of models of transversal human rights governance to the broader field of ‘global governance’.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Information from relevant outside processes (e.g. SDGs and the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction) could also inform the stocktake, as appropriate. As highlighted above, there is a good match between information needed to gain national-level benefits and information that countries are already requested to report to the UNFCCC via National Communications or other types of documents (e.g. adaptation communications or NAPs) as in Article 7.11 of the Paris Agreement. However, some of these information needs, such as the results from individual adaptation actions or broad adaptation strategies, may be difficult to assess and quantify.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Special regulation measures for local stock components are taken in accordance with scientific advice. Since 2000, the large longliners have been restricted to fish outside the 4-nautical mile line. To achieve a reduction in landings of coastal cod additional technical regulations in coastal areas were introduced in May 2004 and continued with small modifications in 2005 and 2006. A box closed for all fishing gears except hand-line and fishing rod is defined in an area where spawning concentrations of coastal cod is usually observed and where the catches of coastal cod have been high.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
All violence is also about power. People decide to engage in violence when they feel they have the right - and the power - to meet their own needs at the expense of the needs of others. Some people have an “internalized superiority” that leads them to believe they are entitled to more power and rights than others.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Similarly, cash transfers are considered to be progressive when they account for a larger share of the low income groups’ income. This definition implies that flat cash transfers (e.g. a minimum pension for all) are considered to be progressive. And cash transfer programmes which benefit the rich most in absolute terms (e.g. subsidies for tertiary studies) are still considered as progressive as long as the share of these transfers in household income is lower for high-income than for low income groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Two important points emerge from this census-based work. First, starting in 1970 through to 2001 inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient was very high by international standards, illustrating just how high the levels of inequality are that underlie the average figures presented in Table 1.1. Whiteford & van Seventer (2000) show that national Gini coefficients for the period 1975 to 1996 remained close to 0.68.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The aim is to enable and sensitise judges and other stakeholders to make informed and human rights compliant decisions when they are dealing with cases of child, early and forced marriages. Section 5.1 focuses on the issues of child and forced marriages in Cambodia, i.e. its symptoms, causes and legal and other responses by state organs to address these issues. Section 5.2 focuses on the issues of child and forced marriages in India, i.e. its symptoms, causes and legal and other responses by state organs to address these issues. Section 5.4 focuses on the issues of child and forced marriages in Thailand, i.e. its symptoms, causes and legal and other responses by state organs to address these issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Furthermore, wind power is commonly regarded as a key technology in addressing some of the greatest environmental and resource concerns of today, namely anthropogenic climate change and other negative consequences from air pollution, and energy security. Among other factors, a strong growth in today's markets and prospects of exploiting vast and as yet untapped resources, contribute to the anticipation that wind power will play a significant role in shifting energy markets away from fossil-based power generation towards renewables in coming decades (GWEC, 2011, Wiser et al., Wind power likewise features prominently in the current body of global climate change mitigation scenarios produced by energy-economy models (IEA, 2010a, 2013, Krey and Clarke, 2011). These environmental and resource pressures can be quantified and assessed by methods of life cycle assessment (LCA).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The present article analyzes the particularities of the human rights within the health system, that specializes in vision health from a jurisdiction perspective putting emphasis in the context of the Ecuadorian law order, with a focus on concrete results in the medical practice in order to demonstrate the interconnection that exists in all human rights. This is a vital job that corresponds to the education system in order to guarantee and develop the same analysis on human rights and the educational system connection. The following scientific methods were used fundamentally, the analysis-synthesis, systemic method, the causal method, observation, and content analysis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Drawing on a long-term ethnographic investigation of the economic and social restructuring in the rural Midwestern United States, I demonstrate the value of an intersectional analysis to explore the social regulation of community in a rural context. This intersectional analysis bridges scholarship on (1) the political economy of immigration, (2) racial formation, and (3) materialist feminism in order to provide a powerful framework through which I explore the community-based processes and practices that shape the possibilities for the incorporation of residents of color into a historically white community. Through this intersectional lens, I highlight the unspoken rules of behavior and assessment of deservingness required for community membership and acceptance in the context of broader social and economic change in one rural town in Iowa.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The primary goal of this article is to analyze Belgium’s universal jurisdiction law concerning humanitarian law violations and its relationship to global governance norms. When discussing the notion of universal jurisdiction, there are relatively few empirical situations that scholars can draw on to illuminate the debate. In general, there is a very theoretical orientation to the universal human rights debate. Belgium’s 1993 universal jurisdiction law (expanded in 1999) brings a greater degree of empirical clarity to this debate. This law allowed Belgium to hear cases concerning violations of humanitarian law, including genocide and other crimes against humanity, which happened anywhere, without any connection to Belgium. In essence, this was an attempt at the protection of human rights on a universal basis and may be the way forward in the prevention of mass atrocities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Table II.3 also shows that only seven sub-Saharan African countries had poverty rates below 25 per cent in 2005,5 up from two (Cote d’Ivoire and Gabon) in 1981. In general, countries with extremely high poverty levels also trail behind in respect of a number of demographic and social indicators such as life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, and childrens school enrolment and completion rates. Although these declines are encouraging, they still leave a large proportion of the total population living in extreme poverty, and all 19 countries face major challenges in meeting the 2015 Millennium Development Goal target.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This was motivated by the goal to reduce urban air pollution. But the measure was, at least partly, also designed to protect domestic vehicle producers from competitive pressures associated with the import of second-hand cars. Imported secondhand cars with an age of less than five years have to undergo a technical inspection before they can be officially registered.11 Some rejuvenation of the passenger car fleet has also been due to the introduction of locally produced small cars by foreign companies since the mid-1990s.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In order to answer this question, a methodology developed at (OECD, 2010a) was applied to New Zealand micro-data. In fact, approximately 83% of farms in the sample received off-farm income. Other principal sources of income risk that are not explicitly analysed here are variations in output and output-price co-variations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Not just those who are financially poor, but those facing a number of distinct disadvantages, such as gender, race and ethnicity, that taken together deprive them of the chance to lead healthy, productive lives. It is critical to know more about the lives of today's Florence Owens Thompsons since women and girls are widely recognized as one of the most disregarded and disenfranchised groups in many developing countries. In most cases, the main breadwinner in Ugandan households was the man, so the data made it look like barely any women were participating in the workforce.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
They tended to report more often that teamwork improves their own efficiency, that they prefer working as part of a team to working alone, and that they think teams make better decisions than individuals. Schools that succeed in building on those attitudes by designing collaborative learning environments might be able to engage disadvantaged students in new ways. For a start, parents need to play their part.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Availability of results of national assessments in Denmark: who has access to the results? Individual students, their parents and their teachers have access to information about individual student assessment result. Individual student assessment results are not shared with other teachers, except in specific cases such as join teaching. School principals have information about the average assessment results of their school in each assessment, the average results of each class and school data adjusted for socio-economic factors. Municipalities have information about the average mark of the schools in the municipality and the average results for each school as well as data for each school adjusted for socio-economic factors. At the national level, the national average test result for all schools together is published and available to the public.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Other complementary factors—most importantly a recipient s entrepreneurial skills—are crucial for making credit more productive. Most poor people do not have the basic education or experience to understand and conduct even low-level business activities. The corresponding shares in Pakistan and Sri Lanka are about 70 and 40 per cent. There is no one single solution to global poverty. The solution must include a broad array of empowering interventions and microfinance, when targeted to the very poor and effectively run, is one powerful tool (Daley-Harris, Pollin and Montgomery, 2007, p. 1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In some cases, there is a need to enhance infrastructure-sharing arrangements between different education providers. When developing the network of higher education institutions, care should be taken to ensure that adequate IT infrastructure is in place for high speed, low cost connectivity. Therefore, strong collaborative links need to be developed between the colleges to improve their education, service and research capacity. Additional funding should be allocated to develop collaborative, local solutions to regional provision through partnerships with local stakeholders. Authorities could consider providing support for specific higher education extension learning centres served by several different colleges and possibly universities and the Open University, in villages with low tertiary education participation rates.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
However, some studies suggest that the assessment of beginning teachers should not be carried out by the same people who support their induction and early professional development, since (for example) in such circumstances beginning teachers are less likely to admit to areas of weakness and thus to identify their professional development needs (Hobson, 2009, Abell et al., Such a registration system often involves different registration levels and requires teachers to renew their registration after a specific number of years. In Australia (Box 5.3), New Zealand and Sweden, such registration is mandatory for all teachers. These processes can provide useful information for accountability, hiring and tenure decisions, promotion opportunities, or, in particular circumstances, responses to underperformance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The overall good status objective represents surface water conditions that are appropriate for all types of water uses and functions, besides healthy aquatic ecosystems. As with the TMDL in the United States, the WFD implementation requirements mean that modelling is increasingly being used by member states to characterise current environmental conditions and to predict for policy makers the potential impact of different abatement strategies (Collins and Anthony, 2008). However, monitoring of agricultural pollution of water bodies is more limited with just over a third of OECD member countries monitoring nutrient pollution and even fewer countries tracking pesticide pollution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Some experts (Barnes, 2007), however, warn that the necessary conditions for such economic growth lie in the parallel or complementary development programmes for the newly electrified communities. While electricity is indeed an important input to rural businesses, farms or other small rural structures, adequate local conditions such as organised rural markets and sufficient credit are necessary for such businesses to grow. Lack of such complementary development programmes in these regions may hinder their economic growth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It covers all sectors except transport. On 30 November 2016, the European Commission proposed an update to the EED, including a new 30% energy efficiency target for 2030. These include indicative national energy-efficiency targets, strategies to reduce energy consumption of existing buildings, the introduction of energy-efficiency requirements in public procurement, obligations for energy companies to help customers save energy, and improvements to customer metering and billing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Overall, the rise in emissions in the manufacturing sector increased significantly across all income groups during this period. Upper middle- and lower medium-income countries experienced the highest total growth of C02 emissions (purple bar), while the growth rate in high-income country group was fairly negligible. A composition effect does not significantly contribute to total growth (orange bar).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)