albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The paper aimed at examining whether good governance, measured by Kaufmann, Kraay and Zoido-Lobotan index, has an effect on the firm performance in India. Top 35 companies based on market capitalisation are chosen as sample for the measurement of firm performance. The hypotheses that there is a positive relationship between good governance and the level of firm profitability and good governance has a negative relationship with the variation of firm profitability are tested on dataset composed of some of the largest Indian companies. Simplified structural equation modelling was used for the analysis. All the six governance factors namely, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, voice and accountability, rule of law and control of corruption are significantly fitting in the measurement model to measure good governance, however, there is no significant impact of good governance on the performance of firms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Today, an estimated 215 million women of reproductive age in developing countries would use family planning if they had access to it. Hundreds of thousands of women are still dying annually from pregnancy-related causes, many that are preventable. In other countries, cultural forces and gender inequality interfere with a women’s ability to exercise her reproductive rights, even when family planning services and supplies are readily available.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The findings of the IPCC served as the scientific basis for the Secretary-General's climate leadership throughout 2015 and provided added urgency to the negotiations under the UNFCCC on the Paris Agreement. As defined by both COP 19 and COP 2o, INDCs were to reflect Parties' planned climate actions, in order to facilitate clarity, transparency and understanding, and were to be submitted well in advance of COP 21 and in the first quarter of 2015 by those Parties able to do so. In early 2015, the Secretary-General prioritized engaging leaders on early submission of INDCs, meaning that by the time the COP 21 opened, 188 countries had submitted their INDCs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In 1990, the Ministry of Education launched the Bilingual Intercultural Education Projectfor 114 rural primary schools with three majority indigenous languages: Quechua, Aymara and Guarani. The project developed into a national policy including more than ten ethno-linguistic groups. The key strategies of the project were linguistic standardization to develop written forms of the indigenous languages involved, training of national human resources for the administration of the programs in the framework of the project, participation of parents, and coordination of efforts among the State, NGOs, and indigenous organizations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
What is less clear is the best way to manage those interactions, the precise channels through which large infrastructure projects can help generate sustained development, whether the benefits derived match the costs incurred and, perhaps most difficult, whether those benefits and costs are shared in ways that generate inclusive outcomes. Nor is it surprising to find that many successful infrastructure programmes were as much the product of political ambition - "bold endeavours” as Felix Rohatyn (2009) put it - as careful public accounting and cold statistical calculation. Indeed, Albert Hirschman, in his seminal study titled The Strategy of Economic Development published exactly 60 years ago, was right in describing laigc-scalc infrastructure planning as “a matter of faith in the development potential of a country or region” (1985: 84).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Sound, professional and timely evaluation procedures need to be established for the selection of projects presented in the framework of support programmes. This requires lean delivery processes that avoid unnecessary red tape, as well as the availability of panels that include experts able to assess the scientific or technological relevance of projects but also their business viability. Panels should include foreign experts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Quality of mental health care services needs to include not just the quality of specialist services, but also quality of primary care services, and quality of services supplied by other sectors, for example housing or employment services. However, there is often an inability to avoid choosing indicators for quality benchmarking that reflect the data source that is available rather than optimal measures of quality of care, which has perpetuated reliance on inpatient orientated indicators, rather than reflecting the shift in the care delivery patterns. It is crucial that once optimal quality measures have been agreed upon, there is a commitment to work towards collecting these data. The establishment of registers and regular assessment of people with SMI in primary care can help to reduce the burden of physical illness and improve the quality of care (Holt et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Demand Side Energy Efficiency Plan (PPEC) consists of a tender mechanism, by which eligible promoters submit measures to improve electricity efficiency. These measures are selected through technical and economical evaluation criteria. Evaluation of the benefits from PPEC in 2008 were much higher than the correspondent costs, with a ratio of 8:1 in the residential segment, 9:1 in the services segment and 7:1 in the industrial segment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In addition, removing other tax reliefs - such as reduced taxation of capital gains from the sale of a principal or secondary residence, stock options and carried interest - would increase equity and allow a growth-enhancing cut in marginal labour income tax rates. It would also reduce tax avoidance instruments for top-income earners. Examples include facilitating the accumulation of human capital, making educational potential less dependent on personal and social circumstances, reducing labour market dualism or promoting the integration of immigrants and fostering female labour market participation. Concerning taxation, reducing tax expenditures, for instance for investing in housing, contributes to equity objectives while also allowing a growth-friendly cut in marginal tax rates. For instance, administrative extensions of collective wage agreements may reduce wage earnings dispersion among workers, but if they set labour costs at too-high levels for some employers they may harm competition and productivity and possibly reduce employment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
It is designed to target those living in extreme poverty or just above this threshold. The programme conditions recipiency on actions from beneficiaries in terms of investment in education and medical check-ups for children and pregnant women. It was launched in 1997 with coverage limited to rural areas before extending to urban areas since 2001.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
There could well be much frustration and discontent - among students, parents and employers - if upper secondary and tertiary education is not reconstructed and made more relevant to Indonesia’s economic circumstances. Significant steps have been taken to widen access to and improve the quality of early childhood education, building on initiatives since 2001, and following the 2010 “Grand Design”, a blueprint for the development of early childhood care and education (ECCE). Much more rapid expansion is needed, however, if Indonesia is to realise the targets it has set in its Grand Design blueprint. The allocation of funding to early childhood development and education remains relatively low at some 1.2% of the education budget, compared with the international benchmark of 4-5%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Therefore, countries of the region should step up their efforts to improve the living conditions of the poor. Although the worst of the crisis is expected to have passed by the second half of 2009, meaning it would have been shorter lived and not as deep as initially predicted, there is, nonetheless, still a possibility of a slow recovery and of employment only recovering after a long contraction. Given the macroeconomic context, which is less vulnerable in this crisis, and given the progress that has been made in the area of social protection, there is a possibility that the social fallout from the crisis can be mitigated more effectively. That highlights the need for governments to take action to close the social gaps and make progress towards social cohesion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
National announcements to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions, for instance, are included (IEA, 2010a). Many regions have losses that are higher than the global average of 9%. Losses in India are reported at 23%, although anecdotal evidence has indicated that it is much higher in many regions, and power theft is estimated to be the main reason for this large number. Technical losses must be addressed in both the urban and rural settings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
During 2011, an update of the national database took place, by converting the Palearctic habitat classification into the European University Information Systems Organization (EUNIS) habitat classification, as well as mapping some important habitats listed in annexes to the Habitat Directive. For instance, habitat maps of the Ramsar site encompassing the Lake Shkoder wetland system and of Prespa National Park have been elaborated with due consideration of the above annexes. Among protected species, the most spectacular increase has been noted for the Balkan chamois, the population of which increased by over 12 per cent, and the brown bear (10 per cent), most probably as a result of successful educational campaigns, designation of new protected areas and protective measures applied by field services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Usage of literary works and biographies are important in social studies education. The aim of this study is to elicit the usage situation of biographies in social studies (4 th  to 7 th  grades) curricula and textbooks. In this study, document analysis, one of the methods of qualitative approach, was used. As documents, social studies curricula (4 th  to 7 th  grades) and social studies textbooks, written by Ministry of National Education, were explored. Collected data were analyzed through content analysis. The results of the study showed that in general biographies are used in both social studies curricula and social studies textbooks.        Key Words:   Social studies, curriculum, textbook, biography
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Concilier evaluation continue et previsibilite des politiques est un exercice d’equilibre delicat, qui doit reposer sur des criteres devaluation clairement definis, dont le principal devrait idealement etre celui de productivite. The authors would like to thank OECD colleagues Jan Corfee-Morlot, Simon Upton, Helen Mountford, Celine Kauffmann, Andrew Prag and Shannon Wang, as well as Mark C. Lewis (Deutsche Bank) for their comments and review. And finally, the report also benefitted from comments received by delegates to the OECD’s Working Party on Climate, Investment and Development under the Environment Policy Committee as well as the Investment Committee.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It makes entrepreneurship support systems accessible and attractive for future entrepreneurs and rectifies market and system failures in financing and premises. For universities to be effective, partnerships with entrepreneurship support actors in the region and beyond are relevant. Many of the current start-up support systems do not have local contact points in Penang, and thus rely more on arms-length connections for example through on-line facilitation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Companies engaged in the sector are subject to a fee of 2,000 dirhams (US$247) for an exploration permit and 7,000 dirhams (US$864) for an exploitation permit, as well as an annual tax of 6,000 dirhams (US$740) in the case of long-term concessions (up to 75 years). Supplementary levies apply on renewal of permits and concessions. Since 2004, the mining sector has benefited from total exoneration of VAT paid on purchases of diesel used by road freight transport vehicles. A “depletion allowance” (provision pour reconstitution de gisement) for the mining sector was abolished in 2008.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) and social networks allowed citizens to approach virtually every e-government body and any government member directly. However, to fully implement their potential and ensure timely problem-solving, further analysis of social media impact and effective promotion tools is deemed necessary. In our paper we review the particular features of social networks, which so far remain commerce-driven, and outline the means for satisfying the needs of every customer and social group. We also describe the state-of-art in social media marketing (SMM) and propose guidelines for implementing effective tools in this domain. Finally, we develop a geo social network-based mobile application as a platform for unifying information on users' needs, motives, preferences, locations, etc. The considered tools can be applied in promoting e-governance projects with widest online audience, thus shaping the citizens of the Information Age.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Team learning, therefore, is not collaborative learning per se, but the collective learning of minds coming together. Neuroscience confirms that we learn through social interaction (Dumont, Istance and Benavides, 2010) as knowledge is socially constructed, and socio-cultural theories also highlight the importance of learning through par ticipating in communities of practice (Wenger, 1998) - reflecting what learning science informs us about effective learning of students, so a SLO encourages collaborative work and collective learning among its staff. This makes teaching more than a process experienced by professionally isolated individuals in their respective classrooms and instead enables a professional growth process in which teachers learn from and with each other by sharing of knowledge and expertise (Husband and Short, 1994, Kruse and Louis, 1997, Newmann, King and Youngs, 2000). But teamwork and collaboration can be shallow.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The value of producer support has been growing in recent years and is now just below that in OECD countries (Figure 12). Transfers included in the PSE are composed of market price support, budgetary payments and the cost of revenue foregone by the government and other economic agents. To the extent possible, income support to agricultural producers should be provided through the social welfare system and not through introducing distortions into agricultural markets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
On average across OECD countries in 2016, around 85% of students in lower secondary education were enrolled in public institutions. Among all OECD and partner countries, only Belgium, Chile and the United Kingdom have more than 50% of students enrolled at this level in private institutions, which include a large percentage of students enrolled in government-dependent private institutions. At upper secondary level, the share of enrolment in public institutions drops to 80% on average across OECD countries, with a decrease by over 20 percentage points in Iceland, Japan and Korea, where private institutions play a more prominent role at this level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Interviews suggest that the problematic feature of the methodology is the coefficient used to determine the amount of money withdrawn from “donors” to the national budget. Moreover, OECD (2017, forthcoming) has noted that this mechanism does not take into account a region’s actions or particularities, and acts as a disincentive for using resources efficiently. In addition, the lack of clarity may leave room for mismanagement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Publicly provided goods and services - such as healthcare and long-term care - can also be particularly important for retirees. In doing so, it draws on internationally comparable data. Unfortunately, such data are often available for small groups of countries only and are not collected frequently enough to yield a clear, up-to-date picture of how sources of income other than pension benefits help sustain adequate standards of living in retirement. Nevertheless, this analysis - the first of its kind - can inform the debate on the adequacy of retirement-incomes by examining some patterns of elderly homeownership and wealth holdings and exploring the importance of a public service provision.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
AbstractWe examine an infinite-horizon model of appellate court lawmaking. The model focuses on the impact of lawmaking on the behavior of trial courts, incorporating costly review of trial court dispositions by the appellate court. A successful audit by the appellate court provides an opportunity to create precedent. Precedent changes future trial court dispositions by providing new cases from which trial courts can draw analogies. This, in turn, alters the appellate court’s scrutiny of these dispositions—its audit strategy—going forward. We use the model to explain many features of actual judicial practice by courts in a hierarchy. Throughout, we relate the findings to existing evidence and derive testable predictions.Given that (1) Defendant [Officer] Leveille did not assert authority over Plaintiff beyond requesting that she leave, (2) Plaintiff did not in any way submit to his request, and (3) Plaintiff indisputably “retrieved Mr. Byers’s belongings and walked away” immediately after the incident, th...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In some other countries, although the poverty rate is lower, the share of ultra poor is higher. This demonstrates the importance of examining various characteristics in determining the number of the poorest. In Bangladesh, for example, it is 61.3 per cent relative to 39.7 per cent in Lao PDR and 49.4 per cent in Timor-Leste.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Globalization involves risks and opportunities for the Arab world. Realistic knowledge of these possibilities is essential for adaptation of governance and reform of public administration to deal more effectively with the unfolding processes of globalization. To be participants rather than mere subjects, the Arab states have to recognize opportunities and limit potential negative consequences. Success requires good governance and professional public management. Public administration in the Arab world has to transform traditional methods of command and control and nepotism into a more collaborative management that relies on institutional capabilities and practicing managerial values of accountability, performance evaluation, transparency, and ethics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The paper concerns administrative reform in the BRICS countries as a requirement of inclusive economic growth. The relationship between economic growth and equity describes the concept of inclusive development. In this respect, justice and quality of life is becoming one of its key factors and a stimulating cause of long-term economic development. The concept of an equitable (inclusive) growth strategy is based on the premise of the unity of governability, competitiveness and public policy through citizen participation. An important association of governability, competitiveness and fairness is participatory institutions. Four of these are crucial: strategic policy institutions, institutions of decentralization, institutions of “open government”, and accountability institutions. The paper, based on analysis of the BRICS, demonstrates that these not only create an environment for development, but are also tools for citizens’ participation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Fifty years of development co-operation practice have yielded lessons on effective aid4, summarised in the principles of ownership, alignment, harmonisation, results and mutual accountability, which are supported and referred to as best practice across the development co-operation community. In the Busan Fourth High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness (2011), climate finance was formally recognised as a core development finance issue, with the common goal to “support national climate change policy and planning as an integral part of developing countries overall national development plans, and ensure that - where appropriate - these measures are financed, delivered and monitored through developing countries' systems in a transparent manner” . There are cobenefits and trade-offs in financing sustainable development and climate change goals simultaneously.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
For the headcount ratio, the odds of being deprived can be compared for children with different characteristics, with statistically significant differences highlighted. The adjusted headcount ratio can be decomposed into the shares contributed by various sub-groups of children as well as into shares contributed by different dimensions. For instance, if there are two groups of children, ni and nr.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
An inclusive PIT reform would make significant changes in the PIT rate schedule, especially by lowering the bands at which the higher income rates are levied. In 2014, single taxpayers had to start paying PIT on gross earnings equivalent to 118% of the average wage. In contrast, taxpayers in the OECD on average had to start paying PIT on gross earnings equivalent to 29% of the average wage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Regional collaboration among the institutions in the region takes place on a voluntary, ad hoc basis. The Penang Educational Consultative Council (PECC) under the state government provides the mechanism for a coherent vision of an education system at the regional level, but this council is only for the private higher education institutions in the state (NHERI, 2010). The Penang Skills Development Centre (PSDC) and institutions such as the Wawasan Open University serve as important “brokers” of regional collaboration among institutions as well as between the higher education institutions and the needs of students and employers. Modify curriculum to strengthen and deepen student learning through greater integration of research and engagement with industry and community within the curriculum.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Rather, what is needed is a coherent whole-of-govemment approach, which addresses all dimensions of immigrants’ integration. Such an approach to integration builds on a strong collaboration between government departments and involvement of social partners. It first describes the project on Assessing the Economic Contribution of Labour Migration in Developing Countries as Countries of Destination, and its implementation in South Africa.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
For example, the PLU for the commune of Saint-Nazaire attaches a great importance to the protection of natural areas, the location of production zones, and risks in the estuary. As the attractiveness of the sea shore is quite important, the PLU imposes restrictive rules related on construction in the coastal zone and tries to relocate new development two or three kilometres inland. Involving 24 communes around the City of Nantes it will establish the main directions for the broader project of territorial development to the year 2030. They are also trying to encourage increased participation in the process by public-private development companies (Societes publiques d’amenagement) and private investors to manage land use and local land acquisition operations, beyond the limited number of public programs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)