albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Disasters caused by vulnerability to natural hazards have a strong negative impact on the development process in both industrialized and developing countries. The indicator may be expressed as percentage of total population (for human loss) and of GDP (for economic loss). Disasters involving natural hazards can have devastating short and long-term impacts on the society and the economy of any country, adversely affecting progress towards sustainable development. In addition to total emissions, sectoral C02 emissions can be considered.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In any case, there are similarities between SAICM and the CCAC including their voluntary approaches, focus on partnerships and assessments of progress. Then again, CCAC can "afford" to concentrate on near-term actions since the UNFCCC is dedicated to be a more long-term process. On the structural side, the general assembly is again similar to the current ICCM.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
It takes two years to reskill and newly-skill Lemdesigners in mindfulness of learning, difference and diversity, competence orientation, "backwards design” curriculum development, differentiated instruction, and assessment. The recognition and expertise that comes with such deep learning has strengthened the reform effort throughout. This programme started in 2009 and aims at training, mentoring and changing teachers’ practice in order to improve learning outcomes in the targeted areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Subnational surcharges could be the most appropriate means of providing Kazakhstan’s SNGs with their own marginal revenues, especially when administrative resources are scarce. This is the course of action followed by some Canadian provinces, which rely on surcharges on national taxes. Surcharges provide almost as much fiscal autonomy as independent taxation, but are much simpler, they provide more autonomy than tax sharing (McLure et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Based on the results of the metadata survey and the Pilot survey undertook in 2017 UIS is designing a detailed global data collection tool that matches the needs of the indicator. The 180 cities from 72 countries that currently make up this network work together towards a common objective: placing creativity and cultural industries at the heart of their development plans at the local level and cooperating actively internationally. The report looks at the contribution of culture to urban sustainability, and the promotion of a culture-based approach to urban planning.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Measures that have contributed to this achievement include an increase in forest cover, a better age and species structure of forested trees, a higher percentage of stands older than 80 years, increased natural regeneration, and a reduction in clear-cutting. Nearly all public forests are certified under internationally recognised programmes. Impressive efforts have also been made to raise awareness and disseminate knowledge on sustainable forestry practices.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Digital data (such as from remote sensing) pertaining to any aspect of aquaculture can be assembled in a GIS. These systems perform a wide range of spatial and statistical analyses, providing informed answers to aquaculturists, local managers, government officials and other groups promoting sustainable aquaculture development. In this respect and thanks to partnerships mobilized through projects around the world, FAO continues to promote the adaptation and tailoring of innovative methodologies and capacities to facilitate concurrent access to remote sensing, field data-collection devices (e.g. GPS, smartphones and tablets), GIS and spatial analysis by aquaculture stakeholders.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
This programme provides a practical approach to reduce electricity costs to users while delivering broad social and environmental benefits. Provision of courses on managing household budgets increases the consumer's ability to pay for essential services such as electricity, while communicating the benefits of electricity increases the use of electric devices [e.g. lighting, refrigeration mechanical power) and thus ensures demand, which improves investment conditions. It can be mitigated by introducing penalty and reward systems (ESMAP, 2007), but smart metering may offer a more efficient approach.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It is worth noting that applying the Kakwani index to define progressivity, in certain countries, depending on the distribution of primary income, the reduced VAT rates would be progressive. Reflecting differences in the level of consumption taxes (standard rates at 5% in Japan and about 7% in the United States, but up to 25% for the standard VAT rate in the Nordic countries), Garfinkel et al. ( Adema and Ladaique (2009) also recognise that consumption taxes reduce the real value of consumption which can be financed out of a given level of benefits.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The open letter can be found at https://futureoflife. Because data stored on the blockchain, including personal data, cannot be deleted, the right to be forgotten that is included in the GDPR cannot be exercised. A higher number of sellers and an increased variety of goods offered, in turn, make the trading platform more attractive for more potential buyers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The opportunity-driven TEA rate is 78% in Uruguay, 71% in Chile and the Plurinational State of Bolivia, 69% in Peru, 68% in Ecuador, 61% in Brazil and 59% in Colombia and Argentina (Kelley and others, 2015). Women’s Entrepreneurship, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), 2015. The data by country indicate that the workforce share of women employers ranged from a low of between 1.7% and 2.3% in Argentina, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Ecuador and Uruguay to a high of 4.9% in Paraguay. Although these employers are a heterogeneous group operating firms of different sizes, composition and origin, the great majority of female entrepreneurs’ firms employ fewer than five workers (ILO, 2014d). As yet, though, very little is known about them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The goal being to create a modern and industrialised agricultural sector. Previous reforms were locked in and further actions were required as a result of further international integration at the bilateral, regional and multilateral level. The final few quantitative restrictions over agricultural imports and exports were removed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Adrenal androgens influence sex-differentiated behavioural changes. Specifically, it examines how members build accounts of social action, while doing that action (Attewell, 1974). Gender is a multilevel system of difference and inequality which involves cultural beliefs, distributions of resources, patterns of behaviour, organizational practices, and selves and identities. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These same approaches would likely have some applicability for work within communities in ESD delivery. In most cases, there are a number of government departments involved in awareness-raising on sustainability issues. In Guyana for instance, the Civil Defence Commission has a community programme which addresses disaster risk management, as well as issues related to resilience and adaptation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Globally, however, 45 per cent of all workers are still working in vulnerable conditions. Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia account for more than half of the world's vulnerable employment, with three out of four workers falling in this category. The number of workers in vulnerable employment has increased by 25 million since 2008, because of the increasing number of people entering the labour market and limited opportunities for paid employment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The UNHCR is also alleged to have compromised its protection function by being a willing tool for the containment policies of its major donors (developed states), thus undermining the palliative role of refugee protection (Barutciski, 1996, Barutciski and Suhrke, 2001, Cuncliffe and Pugh, 1997, 1999, Frelick, 1992,1993, Goodwin-Gill, 1999, Hathaway, 1995). The rise of intra-state conflict and the non-entree policies of states have led to greater numbers of IDPs (Lewis, 1992: 699, UNGA Res. Some argue that it would be impracticable and immoral for UNHCR to distinguish between refugees and IDPs when distributing aid because of the complex and regional nature of modern armed conflicts, which have produced greater numbers of IDPs as forced displacement has been used as a deliberate tactic of war and where refugees and IDPs from different countries often intermix (Lanz, 2008: 205, Mooney, 1999: 201). It is now widely recognized,” Crisp (ibid.)
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The 2015 budget, like those of 2013 and 2014, was developed and implemented under the programme-budgeting method. Monetary policy was aimed at stabilising prices and the real effective exchange rate by preventing public expenditure from crowding out private investment. Inflation increased in 2015 by 0.8 of a percentage point to 2.7% because of the rising price of fuel at the pump, itself due to a 40% cut in subsidies to oil products in July 2014, but remained under the 3% CEMAC convergence criterion. The worsening security environment held back growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) to an estimated 4.1% in 2015, compared with an initial target of 5.5%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Panel A of Figure 5.13 addresses this question by showing that the majority of informal workers who transit to formal jobs moves into fixed-term employment in urban Colombia and urban China, while the opposite holds for South Africa and Hirkey. Low transition rates from informality to fixed-term contracts in Hirkey and South Africa can be, at least partly, explained by the relatively restrictive legislation on fixed-term employment in the former and the very light employment protection rules applying to permanent contracts in the latter. This evidence points to the potential existence of a vicious cycle, in countries like (urban) Colombia, where some workers may be stuck in a back-and-forth between informality, fixed-term formal jobs and joblessness. Such a possibility weakens the claim that informal employment typically serves as a stepping stone towards good careers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Therefore, it is worth exploring ways by for different governing bodies on different subnational territorial levels to manage concessions, as capacities for preparing and managing concessions are currently not present at subnational levels. However, to ensure the planning capability for the decision on the appropriate delivery modality, Chile needs to work towards gaining sufficient capacities on the subnational as well as the national levels (For more information, please refer to Chapter 3). Although Chile has increased its efforts on risk management in concessions, there is no unified procedure for identifying and allocating risks between public and private parties that takes the cost of such allocation into account.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
A study of the city of Toronto and its metropolitan area conducted in 2005 gives an idea of the costs that congestion can produce (OECD, 2010b). The average commuting time in Toronto was one of the highest among metropolitan regions in the OECD, with congestion imposing costs estimated at CAD 2.7 billion per year. In particular, it focuses on the development of efficient public transportation systems, implementing pricing and other mechanisms for affecting vehicle ownership and use, incorporating new technologies in managing transportation challenges, adopting new modes of work, and reforming land use and urban planning. The development of bus and rail networks can therefore play an important role in reducing traffic congestion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This means that roughly 800 00015-year-olds in Mexico, 168 000 in France, and around 1.9 million 15-year-olds in Brazil do not yet have the basic knowledge and skills needed to thrive in modern societies. The OECD already offers measurement tools to this end and is committed to improving, expanding and enriching its assessment tools. In December 2016, results from the most recent PISA cycle, involving more than 70 high- and middle-income countries, will become available. Through PISA, countries can also build their capacity to develop relevant data, and while most countries that have participated in PISA already have adequate systems in place, that isn’t true for many low-income countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In 2013, the programme also provided digital teaching material and technological infrastructure such as Internet connection to several rural schools (MINEDUC, ACE and ES, 2016). In 2014, a complementary programme Integrating Rurality (Integrando la Ruralidad) that offered offline digital resources was implemented in 2 043 schools that had limited Internet access. Students are either enrolled in special education schools (escuelas especiales) or integrated in mainstream schools. In 2015, there were 782 special education schools offering basic education (Years 1 through 8) and no special schools were available for Years 9 or above. Most special basic education schools (91%) were located in urban areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This Chapter examines the potential for building community resilience. It reviews the capacities and strategies that allow communities to recover, showing the importance of equitable and sustainable economic development, of ensuring strong social capital, and of empowering communities. It also considers further ways of enhancing resilience to disasters and economic shocks. Without the safety net of savings, property and other buffers - they have less capacity to cope and often experience multiple and repeated shocks that further erode their capacity to cope.1 Already disadvantaged by social and economic imbalances, the poor can thus be further marginalized into vicious cycles of chronic hardship, sometimes for generations. In 2012 it was ranked the Asia-Pacific country 'most at risk'. Between 2002 and 2012, it experienced three cyclones, affecting 2.6 million people, three floods, affecting 500,000 people, and two major earthquakes, affecting 20,000 people.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In some cases, horizontal inter-departmental bodies enjoy a legal status in equality acts or regulation, but such co-ordination mechanisms can still suffer from ambiguous mandates (Johan, 2010). Focal points within sectoral/line ministries charged with integrating and co-ordinating gender mainstreaming initiatives, for example, may face institutional marginalisation, a lack of authority and insufficient technical expertise (Ibid). To support the implementation of this “whole-of-government” process, the law created an Inter-departmental Co-ordination Group for the federal government. This group’s members are representatives of administrations and ministers’ offices and its secretariat is the Institute for the Equality of Women and Men.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In addition, there are ongoing efforts to develop and support the research environment in Greenland and the Faroe Islands, including by incorporating PhD students in the programme. The project includes consideration of peripheral issues in relation to the training and retention of young people in remote areas, where especially young women choose to take a higher education and thus also move. One effect of the project can thus be that young Greenlandic women (and men) are more likely to remain in the immediate area and in higher education through online courses. So far, there has been a predominance of women enrolled in the programme. This enables students in the program to be physically located in Nuuk (or where applicable, other parts of Greenland) during the winter exam period (December and January) and summer exam period (May, June, July and August). The expenses for student travel is not funded by the program, but can be fully or partially funded by the Greenlandic Self-Government annual return system in cooperation with the Greenlandic House in Aalborg.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Introduction Section 1 1. International Relations Theory and the Environment John Vogler 2. Transnational Actors in Global Environmental Politics Lucy Ford 3. Environment and Global Political Economy Jennifer Clapp 4. Environmental Security Shlomi Dinar 5. Consumption Doris Fuchs & Frederike Boll 6. International Environmental Justice Timothy Ehresman & Dimitris Stevis Section 2 7. Climate Change Paul G. Harris 8. Marine Pollution Peter Jacques 9. Forest Politics David Humphreys 10. Biodiversity Antje Brown 11. Agriculture Marc Williams 12. Persistant Organic Pollutants and Pesticides Peter Hough 13. Conclusion
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Some respondents requested that events be held over lunch or at other times during the work day to include women who could not meet after business hours. However, women have a low rate of mobile phone ownership. There are 300 million fewer female subscribers than male subscribers with handsets, according to the 2010 GSMA Cherie Blair Foundation report.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women is central in outlining the gendered dimensions of human rights. India ratified this treaty with the reservation that...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Domestic violence - Gender inequality perpetuates violence against women and violence against women restricts women’s ability to use their capabilities. The economic, social and the health related costs of domestic violence and violence against women is extremely high. We recognize that the scale and complexity of gender-based violence means there are no uniform global solution and a multi-sectoral strategy is needed. National, local and family interventions initiatives play an important role in defining solutions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The Tokyo subway sarin gas attack in 1995 and the US postal anthrax letter attack in 2001 presented a threat of chemical and biological terrorism all over the world. To realize safe and secure society, the authority should establish a more strengthened crisis management system at national level for civil defense. Detection and identification of the causative agents is very important for countering chemical and biological terrorism from the standpoint of damage minimization. Various kinds of measuring technologies have been used for the on-site detection and laboratory identification of chemical and biological warfare agents (CBWAs). This review highlights the physicochemical and toxic properties of CBWAs, detection and identification requirements for crisis management, and the present status of detection technologies. Efficiency of mass spectrometry is compared with that of other analytical technologies from the standpoint of countering chemical and biological terrorism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In that context, social security plays a central role in ensuring that autonomy and for exercising a series of related rights, such as the rights to food, health, leisure and social integration. Social security also has an important part to play in helping the region's societies achieve gender equality. As a result, although the situation across the region is not uniform, the feminization of old age is a trend that is unfolding in all the countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This requires a more flexible policy process, capable of incorporating lessons derived from each step of the process, for improved outcomes. However, as mentioned above, there are deeper underlying reasons why vulnerable groups are disproportionately at risk from climate hazards, which must not be left unexamined. Building greater resilience for long-term sustainable development requires addressing those underlying factors through transformative policies capable of closing the remaining development gaps which leave people exposed and vulnerable to shocks. This will benefit from a more flexible, participatory and integrated policy process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In Peru, development co-operation has been a key partner in creating the Ministry of Environment and developing a policy framew'ork to promote public investment in biodiversity. A number of initiatives that have become important enablers of mainstreaming, such as the World Bank WAVES programme, the UNDP BIOFIN and financing from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), have been implemented through continued development co-operation support. There are also examples of rigorous screening systems being implemented to realise biodiversity co-benefits, or at a minimum to identify and mitigate potential risks to biodiversity in development projects and programmes. Despite the progress achieved, considerable potential remains for further support to mainstreaming efforts of partner countries, and better biodiversity mainstreaming within development co-operation operations and portfolios.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The world’s poor are especially vulnerable to climate-induced phenomena, including rising sea levels, coastal erosion, storms and desertification. Poorer households and other socially marginalized groups are also among those most likely to lack sufficient clean water, as its availability will increasingly be affected by changing patterns of precipitation, melting glaciers and droughts. Although the causes of these multiple crises vary, they all share a common feature: "in the last two decades much capital has been poured into property, fossil fuels and structured financial assets with embedded derivatives, but relatively little has been invested in renewable energy, energy efficiency, public transportation, sustainable agriculture, and land and water conservation” (UNEP, 2011). On the investment side, liberalization has been geared towards both foreign direct investment and short-term capital flows.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Social exclusion is more and more emphasized in the political discourse in Brazil. Political action, in this field, is strongly aimed at creating legitimacy for the social system itself. Within this process of legitimacy creation, the political system claims more responsibility for itself, despite its failure in achieving an effective implementation. This fact is observed through the comparison between a semantic amplification of the concept of citizenship and the empiric reality of human rights violations in the State of Para, mainly focusing on the actions towards citizenship and impaired people. The governmental intervention, however, has not been able to halt the multiple exclusion process that resulted from the ‘blind’ action of functional systems in modern society.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (draft version), available from https://unstats.un.org /unsd/energy/ires/IRES_edited2 .pdf (accessed 4 August 2017). Total production Energy unit, ma: ss, volume gas, coal, nuclear fuels, non-sustainable firewood. The two primary aspects are land cover (see also Topic 1.2.1: Land cover) and land use.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Owing to structural inequalities, loss of life, injury and other health impacts, as well as the damage to and loss of property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision and environmental resources caused by climate hazards, are not felt evenly by all people. This requires shifting from a narrow focus on identifying only the physical impacts of climate change, towards a broader analysis which also incorporates the socioeconomic impacts of climate hazards. With time, however, the social consequences of climate change received more attention, and evidence regarding the relationship between climate change and poverty began to emerge.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)