albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Going forward, linking the early warning system to the needs of end users in various economic sectors can thus help make the case for sustainable funding for early warning. For generation, the priority should be to improve data gathering on hazards, exposure and vulnerability, and to develop hazard and risk maps at smaller scales that can guide local efforts at risk reduction and preparedness. There is also a lack of regional-level multi-hazard risk maps including for transboundary hazards. The production of such maps should not however be seen as one-off efforts but rather as continual processes to understand the dynamic nature of hazards and vulnerabilities. For this purpose and to ensure local ownership it is vital to involve local communities in gathering data. It is thus essential to bridge the gaps between scientists and disaster managers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In contrast, the data for Iceland (with an extremely low level of child deprivation - see table 5) show that six dimensions do not contribute at all to the overall deprivation level: the resulting deprivation score is entirely due the remaining eight variables. Firstly, the scale is built on “indicators” each trying to capture a kind of deprivation that children might experience. However, “indicators” are by definition “indicative” and may reflect larger issues than that specifically measured. The intake of fruit and vegetables may point to dietary shortcomings while the lack of a place for doing school homework may point to problems in the housing situation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In summary, it appears that the case for energy efficiency from a macroeconomic growth perspective is good. Although the effects are estimated to be relatively small, they remain positive. Indeed, energy efficiency measures are expected to contribute 44% of the carbon abatement needed by 2035 to have a chance of reaching international climate change targets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The Company also acts as an agency of the Ministry of Energy to enforce the laws and regulations related to water, including the management, monitoring and assessment of water resources. It also prepares input to the preparation of strategies, policies and long- and medium-term plans in the water sector for the Ministry. It directs and supervises the study and implementation of projects on water supply and transfer, irrigation and drainage networks, dam stability and safety, river and bank engineering, flood control, artificial recharge and hydropower generation, as well as directing and supervising the operation of the related installations and structures. The Department of the Environment sets environmental standards.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Contemporary global crime and cross-border law enforcement cooperation have multiplied “foreign affairs prosecutions,” cases that encompass foreign apprehension, evidence gathering, and criminal conduct, as well as cases that implicate foreign nations’ criminal justice interests. Robert Mueller’s Russia investigation, the fugitive Edward Snowden, and the cross-border crimes of FIFA and El Chapo all exemplify such foreign affairs prosecutions. This Article argues that foreign affairs prosecutions represent a consequential shift in U.S. criminal law, offering the promise of closing global impunity gaps. At the same time, however, such cases risk defendant interests at home and U.S. foreign policy abroad. This Article calls for greater congressional engagement and judicial oversight to minimize such risks while still promoting accountability for cross-border, cyber, and international crime.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
These variables come out with significant and negative effects, consistent with the income level hypothesis. The richer and more advanced the district is, the lower is the female labour participation. District credit levels and number of accounts proxy financial depth and financial breadth respectively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Despite the potential for increased fuel efficiency, ICE vehicles alone do not represent a viable long-term solution for decarbonising the urban passenger transport sector for two reasons. First, a significant gap remains between fuel efficiency standards and the real-world operational fuel efficiency of ICE vehicles, which ultimately limits the effectiveness of these types of standards as a measure for reducing emissions. Although fuel efficiency standards have become 30% more stringent between 2000 and 2016, actual fuel efficiency as measured by real world performance, has only improved by 11% over the same period.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This brief overview of Johan Galtung’s life and work begins with some of his childhood experiences (such as his father being imprisoned in a Nazi concentration camp) that shaped his determination to work for peace. It surveys some of his main new concepts and theories (such as direct, structural and cultural violence, negative and positive peace, rank discordance as a factor of genocide, and peaceful conflict transformation, among many others). It summarizes his contributions in mediating in over one hundred international conflicts, founding peace institutes around the world, publishing over 160 books and over 1,600 articles, teaching thousands of people around the world in conflict resolution and peace building, and inspiring many to devote their lives to peace.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This idea can be transferred to decentralised platforms rewarding users with cryptocurrency. As the platform grows in users and merchants, the value of the cryptocurrency increases and network effects drive the platform’s impact. By introducing a label on products indicating the source and including a link to an open database, consumers see whether their food has been sourced in a sustainable way.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This project will also assemble its outputs on the state of the marine ecosystems and shared living marine resource in the region as a comprehensive web-based dashboard. By enabling the pooling of data repositories, software, methodologies and expertise, iMarine aims to deliver cost-efficient data services. It will also expand its scope to other areas of blue growth, such as traceability of fishery products, spatial planning, and socio-economic and environmental performance of aquaculture.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Cultural values of filial obligation and inter-generational coresidence are commonly observed, although the culture and practices are changing. Net private transfers are significant and positive in countries such as China, Thailand, Republic of Korea and Singapore. Older persons aged 65 years and over in Thailand and Taiwan Province of China receive on average a third of their consumption from private transfers (Chawla, 2008, Tung and Lai, 2013) and the figure for the Republic of Korea is about 13 per cent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
These are the Housing Assistance and Relief Trust (HART) and Habitat for Humanity, Fiji (HFH). Fiji has a number of child care institutions, orphanages and boarding schools which have been established by NGOs, such as the Dilkusha Children’s Home and the Veilomani Boys Home. The former not only nurtures neglected and needy young girls and provides protection to children who are victims of all forms of abuse, children of poor families and physically challenged children but also provides social assistance in terms of in-kind or cash educational assistance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Kyrgyzstan plans to build and expand its internal network of highways through the construction of an alternative North-South highway and the reconstruction of the Bishkek-Osh, TyupKegen, Bishkek-Naryn-Torugart, Kochkor-Aral, and Osh-Batken-lsfana-Khujand highways. The construction of the international Balykchy-Karakol road and the Tyop-Kegen highway will continue. The strategic goal in the railway industry is the creation of a unified railway network connecting currently detached northern and southern sections of the national railways. The country has tentative plans to continue negotiations on a project to build a section of the transnational China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
River basin councils are the mechanisms to ensure the participation of local communities in water management. Legal and institutional mechanisms are already in place and anticipated to have better effect while further developing and implementing RBMPs in compliance with the WFD. The availability of financial means to perform these tasks is an important aspect of meeting the target.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Any advancement in the prevention or treatment of these diseases will no doubt have a positive effect on the economic development and welfare of developing countries. According to the definition, only research spending which has the economic development and welfare of developing countries as its main objective can be counted as ODA. Consequently, research spending relating to global challenges, which does not qualify as ODA, is often not reported to the DAC statistical systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
S years in 2015 (up from 20.2 years in 2000) and Swedish men another 18.9 years (up from 16.7 years in 2000). In 2014,32 600 people died from cardiovascular diseases (accounting for 37% of all deaths among women and 36% of all deaths among men) and 22 400 from cancer (accounting for 23% of all deaths among women and 27% of all deaths among men). The strong rise in the number of deaths from Alzheimer's disease and other dementias reflects population ageing, better diagnosis, lack of effective treatments and more precise coding of these conditions as the cause of death. Major depressive disorders are another leading health problem that, even if not fatal, have serious life-limiting consequences.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The World Bank has recently conducted research on targeted subsidies in cities in Latin America. Among the main conclusions is that developing better subsidy schemes for lower income populations in the region is now possible given the use of smart cards and better methodologies for defining and identifying beneficiaries. In addition to subsidies targeted at lower income and other vulnerable groups, public transport services in the ZMVM should explore differentiated fares for peak and off-peak travel. Besides helping increase revenues, this should also help to reduce crowding at peak hours.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
To have a rigorous evaluation of social policies is beyond the scope of the present paper and of current data availability. However, we can use the data collected on family benefits for the poor to have a clearer picture of the current situation. Based on the score, the family is registered to receive these benefits. About 10 per cent of children are both poor and deprived (in 2 or more deprivations), and live in families that receive poverty family benefits.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
For the same reason, however, separations of long-service employees can result in a significant short-term reduction in cash flow at the time of separation and this might somewhat distort the distribution of dismissals across workers with different tenure. In most countries, specific procedures must be followed. These procedures have been typically justified with by need to give workers the means of defending themselves against wrongful dismissals. However, they can sometimes be complex and constraining and the non-respect of the procedures must be established and sanctioned by courts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The review team was told by FAS that efforts in the past to establish consultation mechanisms with local employers were not successful because of limited employer interest. Some employers told us that there is too much arbitrary discretion across regional FAS offices in terms of the type of training they will fund, and that this variation, and more broadly FAS training services, are not responsive enough to their needs. For their part, FAS told us that they allow some room for regional variation to respond to diverse local needs. This would involve an improvement in the quality of data and evaluation, and consultation with employers. First, it would help improve the quality of training provision.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The analysis in this paper suggests, however, that it is not just poverty (i.e. the incomes of the lowest 10% of the population) that inhibits growth. Anti-poverty programmes will not be enough. The evidence strongly suggests that high inequality hinders the ability of individuals from low economic background to invest in their human capital, both in terms of the level of education but even more importantly in terms of the quality of education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The article shows that the agreement in many ways represents a significant shift in global climate politics. By making domestically driven climate policy central to the treaty, the Paris Agreement avoids some of the reasons for multilateral gridlock that permeated global climate policy for decades. The biggest challenge for state and non-state actors is to increase ambition in climate commitments. The article concludes with recommendations on how to accelerate climate action.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Primary health care alone is inadequate to make the impact necessary to improve urban health. In addition to primary health care, broader issues of public health should be given adequate attention in policies and the relevant legislation. The budgetary allocation for public health services should be increased from the present 4 per cent to 8 per cent, as has been done in neighbouring countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify a shared set of professional values relevant to the special library professionals of India. This paper deals only with the process of compilation of a master list of relevant values which is a prerequisite for a survey to study preferences of values of the community of library professionals. Design/methodology/approach – Review of literature, both Indian and international, and content analysis were undertaken to develop a set of common professional values relevant to the Indian special library professionals. Findings of empirical studies on core values and statements of core values of library associations provided the basis for identifying the values. Findings – The final shortlisted 16 common core values relevant to the Indian special library professionals include: accountability, collaboration, confidentiality, copyright, cultural diversity, diversity of opinion, equality of access, information literacy, innovation, integrity, intellectual freedom, lead...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As a large country with huge tracts of carbon-absorbing forests, Indonesia is well positioned to play a significant role in minimising the impact of its development on climate change. To enhance its role in this respect, it must nurture institutions that can make effective use of international funds including the USD 30 billion of fast-start funds pledged at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in December 2009. Malaysia too has implemented policies to shift the economy structurally away from polluting, energy, intensive industries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This article examines government power over elementary and secondary education policy in Canada and the United States. The study distinguishes between federal government policy and national policy that results from subnational governments adopting similar policies voluntarily. The analysis identifies factors that encourage development of national education policy. Federal policy appears to have greater potential for success than national policy due to federal resources and enforcement authority. However, there are constitutional constraints on federal power over education in Canada, and political and technical constraints in both countries. Subnational governments in both countries actively safeguard federalism and protect their autonomy. The study indicates that subnational commitment is essential for the success of both national education policy and federal education policy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The country stands out for high subjective well-being, education and skills, environmental quality and personal security. Inequality (as measured by the Gini coefficient of disposable income) is among the lowest in the OECD and has remained fairly constant since the turn of the millennium. Absolute poverty (as measured by material and housing deprivation) is among the lowest in the European Union.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The rate of femicides in domestic spaces remains unchanged, revealing the strong persistence of intimate partner violence (UN Women, 2016). Political violence against women can take many forms, including assaults and threats during campaigning and while in office, the destruction of personal or family property, intimidation, pressure to resign in favour of male substitutes, and being prevented from voting. This can stymie women’s political participation and has led some to abandon their political careers after election, at high personal, professional, and emotional costs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In Africa, the behaviour of lions in some wildlife parks is said to have changed with frequent exposure to humans. Principles of sustainability could well be applied to such examples of tourism but it is quite unfortunate that many of these activities are described as ecotourism while they are practically nature based tourism. All tourism needs to be made more sustainable since the existing infrastructure is often unable to cope with the demands of tourists.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Long periods of unemployment may also be seen in a negative light by prospective employers. Moreover, studies have shown that youth with long periods of initial unemployment continue to experience "wage scarring" throughout their careers, as they are never able to catch up to their peers in terms of expected salaries for their skills and experience (Nelson and Reiso, 2011, Gregg and Tominey, 2004). In most developing economies opportunities for youth are concentrated in the informal sector, where poor job security, low wages, and limited chances for on-the-job learning restrict the ability of young people to leverage such jobs to secure better, more formal work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Employed persons (age 15+): Employment is defined according to the resolution of the 19th ICLS in 2013 (see glossary). Labour Force Surveys have the benefit of including information on all employed persons, both self-employed and employees. Household surveys have the advantage of reducing the risk of double counting active contributors since the person is counted and not the contribution record (note that a person may contribute to more than one scheme).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Although the average charge for water supply was EUR 0.54/m3, EUR 0.29/m3 for wastewater collection and EUR 0.91/m3 for wastewater treatment in 2007 (around the OECD average), the level of cost-recovery has been below 80% for both water supply and sewage collection while it appears to be close to 100% for sewage treatment. For some services there is cost-recovery of around 50%, suggesting that in some municipalities a significant part of the cost is still covered by grants from municipal government. Local communities do not have enough skilled professional staff to stimulate efficient operation of water utilities or to set up adequate price regulation schemes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
When I was working in Okhaldunga, one community developed a guideline allowing them to cut 1000 cubic feet per year. The District Forest Office reduced it to 300.” Looking at the state of the forests here, we should be cutting down trees based on the action plan itself,” admits forester Lok Bahadur Kunwar stationed in Chaubas, “but we are obliged to work based on the dictates of the forest department.”
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The first study (1994) provided a yearly mean global estimate of 27 million tonnes of discards.1 A decade later, an update estimated global average yearly discards at 7.3 million tonnes.2 These two assessments, while not directly comparable owing to their different methodologies, suggest a significant decline in global discards in the ten years between the studies. This probably reflects changes in fisheries management in terms of the implementation of more selective fishing technologies, requirements of ecolabelling standards, and growing markets for previously discarded fish. In particular, it is important to have current information on how the world is performing in reducing discards and seafood wastage, and how this is enhancing global food security.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
On 5 March 2008, two environmental organisations submitted a petition for rulemaking to ban swordfish imports using the MMPA authority. These regulations would establish conditions for evaluating a harvesting nation’s regulatory program to reduce marine mammal incidental mortality and serious injury' in the harvesting nation’s fisheries that export fish and fish products to the United States. Under this proposed rule, in order to export fish to the United States, harvesting nations must apply for and receive a comparability finding for each export fishery identified by the Assistant Administrator for Fisheries. To receive a comparability finding, the harvesting nation must provide reasonable proof that it has adopted and is implementing a regulatory program governing the incidental mortality and serious injury of marine mammals in the export fishery that is comparable in effectiveness to the US regulatory program.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The white sugar premium is projected at nearly USD 100/t, yet narrowing over the decade. Profitability of the ethanol sector should improve slightly in the coming years, because the margin between feedstock and ethanol prices is expected to increase in real terms. With biodiesel demand being mosdy policy and not market driven, biodiesel prices are expected to follow the evolution of vegetable oil prices. After a 2010 cotton price spike, driven by macroeconomic volatility and policy changes in key countries, prices have declined significantly in recent years but cotton prices are expected to remain relatively stable during 2014-23 as the assumptions regarding policy and macroeconomic stability do not indicate any future price run-ups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Previous consumer research on waste has prioritized disposable and low-involvement possessions. The authors extend scholarship into the context of obsolete buildings as a means to better engage with the complex materiality of waste and to explore the role anti-consumption plays in consumers' valuations of end-stage consumption. This study focuses on the phenomenon of urban exploration, a subculture who seek to discover and explore derelict buildings. Drawing on an ethnographic study including in-depth interviews, the authors reveal how anti-consumption manifests in the urban environment in terms of alternative understandings of value. In contrast to the economic valuations that often dominate public policy decision making, this study highlights the need for policy makers to consider diverse, and perhaps conflicting, value regimes. The authors propose an Obsolescence Impact Evaluation that enables a systematic assessment of the stakeholders potentially impacted by redevelopment and demolition, differing re...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)