albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
All of the increase has been with respect to the former, since the latter remained stagnant relative to 2001. Plugging into Production Networks: Industrialization Strategies in Less Developed Asian Countries, Institute for Developing Economies, IDE-JETRO, Chiba (Japan). United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), Bangkok. World Trade Organization (WTO), Geneva. Intermediate Goods Trade in East Asia: Economic Deepening Through FTAs/EPAs, BRC Research Report No. Preferential Trade Agreements with Special Reference to Asia’ (unpublished manuscript).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Exemptions in other programmes also apply to projects involving public safety, sustainable timber harvesting and for small projects (Crowe and ten Kate 2010, DPCD, 2013). If a sector is not covered by an offsets programme, policies should be developed to help minimise its net biodiversity impacts, consistent with contributing to the delivery of a jurisdiction’s broader biodiversity objectives. In the US Compensatory Wetlands Mitigation programme, the overwhelming majority of the 70 000-80 000 annual applications have low risk to biodiversity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Abstract   Emphases on high-stakes testing and accountability can undermine teachers' ability to use their professional expertise to respond to the localized needs of their students. For justice-oriented teachers, they also create ideological conflicts, as teachers are forced to navigate increasingly prescriptive curricular mandates. In this article, we examine how justice-oriented veteran social studies teachers in the United States use their disciplinary expertise and professional agency to respond strategically to the influence of the Common Core State Standards on their discipline. We conclude by discussing the implications for preparing candidates to teach for social justice in accountability-driven contexts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Governments, however, cannot do this alone. Other stakeholders and duty-bearers, such as teachers, parents, and community leaders, also play an important role. These actions can also build human capital, impart information or skills to empower girls to make decisions in life and uphold or protect girls’ basic human rights. Only by working in partnership, across sectors, and in collaboration with adolescents themselves, can constraints on their progress be removed. It also requires deliberate efforts to recognize the diverse circumstances of adolescents and identify girls at greatest risk of adolescent pregnancy and poor reproductive health outcomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Data about back-up storage facilities is probably plant or company-specific and thus difficult to obtain at the national level. Indicators to measure the availability of pipeline capacity can be related to import, peak gas demand, etc. Pipeline capacity and utilisation provides important information about restrictions that pipeline capacity may pose to import of gas or oil, and therefore to system resilience.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Lenders normally charge a pre-determined rate of interest that is set by adding an interest margin to the bank's standard inter-bank lending rate, which represents its income. Gearing (the ratio of debt to equity) is much higher in project finance than in 'on-balance-sheet' financing. A division of 70% to 30% debt-to-equity ratio is common in project finance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This is all the more necessary due to the risk of increasing social segregation resulting from peri-urbanisation processes and the up-scaling of strategic planning processes to the metropole scale. However, participatory planning needs to balance local needs and expectations against general planning goals and objectives such a densification which may be contrary to local interest. The two regional parks offer some possibilities as well.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This sector has, in what concerns hydropower, a long-term plan up to 2050 and prepares a medium-term plan every ten years, which is frequently updated. It is regulated by the ANEEL, the successor of the DNAEE, which operated the largest hydrometric network that was transferred to the ANA after its creation. If this creates a significant constraint for river basin planning, it also creates many opportunities because water reservoirs can be used for multiple uses. In fact, dams change the flow regime downstream, but create a more stable and reliable source of water for all uses, especially in areas affected by large variability of precipitation, as happens in semi-arid regions characterised by water scarcity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It is more difficult to adequately measure the indirect effects, which result from such changes as the reorganization of production, land use and market areas, usually in response to the direct effects. For example, one of the unexpected indirect effects of a road project in rural Philippines was the collapse of the local fishing oligopoly, which enabled more people to partake in fishing (box 3.15). The area has a long history of being peripheral due to poor transport conditions and low accessibility.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The framework that guides the treaty’s operations should enable project proposals to be developed within 2-3 years in order to attract private sector developers. After being prepared to an international standard, project proposals will be submitted for approval of participating governments. The treaty will also enable APEA to oversee project implementation and initial operations, thus ensuring technical quality, controlling cost and time overruns, and protecting the interest of the parties. However, the cross-border projects will be owned by the private sector and APEA will not invest directly in them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
For example parameters 6, 7 and 8 are obviously linked, since in a situation without subsidy, the overall cost of renewables would determine a country’s willingness to invest in renewable technologies, and the differences in costs among renewable technologies would influence the mix of technologies that is adopted. However, note that the subsidy largely neutralizes those two effects, because it compensates for the difference in costs between renewable and conventional energy sources, and takes into account the differing costs of renewable technologies. Therefore, the subsidy allows countries to focus on the technologies that have the greatest resource potential under prevailing local conditions, without being hindered by high costs, at least for the duration of the subsidy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
At the end of 2013 a publication will present in more detail the results of the MEGS project. At this stage, some of the indicators have already been calculated and some materials have already been produced. The approach has, however, already attracted quite some interest in important fora in expert community. So while the approach is not yet widely endorsed, the results are likely to be an important contribution to the SEEA Volume 2 on experimental ecosystem capital accounts and the approach can be considered flexible enough to be usable in countries with different ecosystems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In the discount method, the optimality of the investment is assessed at the margin and the resulting rates of returns are compared with that of alternative investments. For instance, Blondal et al. ( While the discount method has the advantage of summarising various benefits and costs associated with further education, it often relies on more broadbrush average earnings across educational groups, failing to control for other relevant individual characteristics. In its simplest form, the log of gross earnings is regressed on educational attainment, linear (and quadratic) terms capturing labour market experience, tenure and other relevant individual characteristics. The coefficient of educational attainment is interpreted as the percentage wage differential due to an additional educational investment. The major advantage of this approach lies in its simplicity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
El Salvador continues to struggle with elevated levels of criminal violence perpetrated by street gangs, drug trafficking organizations, members of the security forces, and other criminal groups. The Attorney General’s Office and courts have taken some positive steps towards tackling impunity for current and civil war-era crimes. However, a history of corruption and favoritism within those institutions continues to undermine citizens’ faith in the legitimacy of their actions. Finally, El Salvador confronts a challenging road ahead characterized by uncertainty over the implications of an overturned amnesty law, low rates of economic growth, and a new U.S. president in the White House.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In addition, using a simple payback rule neglects the time-value of money and the expected positive cash flow from energy cost savings in the longer run. Finally, the non-energy benefits of industrial energy efficiency are often overlooked. More efficient furnaces, for example, are more reliable and reduce down time, improving productivity (Worrell et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This vulnerability is a particular concern for Denmark since households hold the largest gross debt level across OECD countries (Figure 9). Household leverage is highest among the more affluent households and in the bottom of the income distribution, while buffers in the form of financial assets compose a relatively small part of total assets across the income distribution (Figure 22). Substantial balance sheets create exposure to short-term asset prices and interest rate shocks. For instance, large drops in house prices during 2008-09 caused technical insolvency among 10% of homeowners (Skak and Bloze, 2013(48]).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
United Nations Development Programme (PNUD)/Municipality of Montevideo/Territorial policies division of the Office of Planning and the Budget, noviembre. Siete estudios realizados a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo, Colombia, 2012-2013, National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE). Cuenta satelite del trabajo no remunerado de los hogares de Mexico 2013.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Commonwealth policing, since its turbulent emergence in Australia in 1917, has shown both a keen capacity to suppress dissent and a remarkable ability to reinvent itself in a variety of forms. Its present nomenclature of the Australian Federal Police (AFP) arose from an alleged terrorist incident: the 1978 Sydney Hilton bombing. This article argues that the fragmented AFP faced an ill‐defined and uncertain future in the early 1990s. Since September 11, the revamped AFP, however, has claimed primacy as Australia's leading law enforcement agency, but remains susceptible to government pressure. Contemporary Australian debate has focused on intelligence agency legislation, but limited analysis has addressed the AFP's changing role, expanded powers and significantly increased budgetary resources. As terrorism, national security and people smuggling have become the new “law and order'’ federal agenda, the AFP, straining to accomplish both domestic and regional functions, has extended its transnational, off‐shor...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Currently the training system is mostly based on tax credits to employers that mainly benefits large employers, leaving low-skilled or low-income workers and SMEs, who could benefit the most, out. In addition, training schemes are usually ineffective due to their short duration and quality varies widely (Larranaga et al., Training and adult skill development more generally need to be better linked to the labour market.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Promoting initiatives for and encouraging investment in subregional energy connectivity, including those focused on cross-border infrastructure development, and considering possible ways to develop a subregional power network and supply system to strengthen subregional cooperation and interdependence. Working together to create joint information resources and knowledge sharing systems on legal and regulatory frameworks, public participation, financial mechanisms, public-private partnerships and successful projects aimed at promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy development in the subregion. Encouraging the development and implementation of joint hydropower projects for electricity generation to facilitate grid connectivity and trade in energy. Strengthening subregional and inter-subregional cooperation towards developing harmonized cross-border energy infrastructure, for example within the Electric Power Council of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the CASA1000 project, and supporting the continuation of bilateral and regional consultations on this matter.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The benefit expatriate teachers can bring is not only to teach in the classroom, but also to coach and train local teachers through on-the-job training and organisation of workshops. However, short-term measures raise concerns about their impact on the quality of teaching and learning. Many countries, including Ethiopia, have chosen to recruit large numbers of teachers on a contract basis. The idea is to keep the wage bill down, while increasing access to education. Many of the new recruits, however, are not fully trained, as described above in paragraph 8.3.4. According to the government, compared with ‘regular’ civil service teachers, contract teachers often have: i) relatively lower academic credentials, ii) uncertain or no career prospects, and iii) lower salaries and fewer benefits.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It also means less time for schooling and training, political participation, self-care, rest and leisure. This has profound implications for gender equality and women's and girls' enjoyment of their rights, as well as having wider ramifications for poverty, inequality and the achievement of sustainable development.2 Furthermore, time and resource constraints among some groups that are both time-poor and income-poor translate into care deficits, especially for children, reproducing disadvantage from one generation to the next. The international human rights framework, as established by treaties such as these, is complemented by labour standards, in particular International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These differences result in important variation in student performance across the two assessments. The two assessments also differ in item formats - in their balance of multiple-choice vs. open-ended responses. Most importantly, however, the two assessments differ in their framew'ork and content, that is, in what they are seeking to measure. In contrast, the objective of PISA is to measure the skills and competencies students have acquired and can apply to real-world contexts by age 15.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Presenting Jews to America 1. Spiritual Missions after the Great War: The Reform Movement and the Jewish Chautauqua Society 2. The Ghetto and Beyond: The Rising Authority of American Jewish Social Science in Interwar America 3. The Sacred and Sociological Dilemma of Jewish Intermarriage 4. Serving the Public Good and Serving God in 1940s America 5. Constructing an Ethnic America: Oscar Handlin, Nathan Glazer, and Post-World War II Social Research 6. What Is a Jew? Missionaries, Outreach, and the Cold War Ethnic Challenge 7. A Jewish Marilyn Monroe and the Civil-Rights-Era Crisis in Jewish Self-Presentation Conclusion: Speaking of Jews Notes
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Since 2009 specific catch quotas have been allocated to so-called coastal fishing to support small scale fishermen in rural areas. Boats that operate under this system must obtain a special licence from the Directorate of Fisheries. They may only catch during specified times of the day. Those boats may only use hand-lines and their catches per fishing trip are limited.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
According to official figures, there were 7,133 humanitarian entrants from Ethiopia in 1991-2015 (Government of Australia undated). Several thousand more Ethiopians have been sponsored under categories of spouse or family reunification visas, and the 2011 census records 8,452 Ethiopian-born people in the population. Like other humanitarian entrants who have been granted Permanent Protection Visas, Ethiopian refugees receive resettlement assistance through the Humanitarian Settlement Strategy (HSS), which was introduced in 2000 to provide a range of specialized services for humanitarian entrants.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem and global human rights violation. Effective interventions can only be created upon conducting qualitative studies that explore the cultural context of an affected population and how they interpret the phenomenon. This qualitative study investigated Kenyan women’s perceptions of IPV. Two community-based focus groups (n = 19) were conducted with Kenyan women in Nairobi. Conventional content analysis identified seven primary themes that emerged from focus group data: snapshot of violence, poverty, cultural context, masculinity, women taking action, resources, and, prevention strategies. Themes are described and implications for further research and intervention are presented.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Second, the historical dimension of the database is mainly limited to the snapshot of companies that have been active since the creation of Crunchbase. Start-ups that failed and ceased operations are less likely to have left information in the database. Therefore, spurious trends of deal numbers or investments may appear in the data.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For the European Ombudsman to succeed in her role to hold the EU administration accountable, it is crucial that citizens are well informed about their EU rights and know who to turn to in order to support those rights. A special 2011 Eurobarometer survey found that national replies regarding citizen information about EU Rights, their satisfaction with EU administration, and their knowledge of the functions of the EO vary widely. The present study examines, empirically, how per capita income, intra EU trade, length of EU membership, tradition of democratic government, domestic governance in the form of voice and accountability, government effectiveness, the rule of law, and control of corruption, may explain the varying national replies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The history of bioethics is closely related to that of genetics and genomics. As genetic issues have moved out of the clinical setting and become increasingly concerned with genomics, biobanks, and public health, there has been a move away from the primacy of individualism and autonomy to include a focus on other bioethical principles such as solidarity and the common good.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The programme also provides training and the acquisition of skills for self-employment (Lavigne, 2013). Ecuador, for example, is implementing its My First Job Programme, which seeks to promote and encourage the employment of young students. To do this, employment opportunities are offered to young students aged 16 to 20 with no prior job experience, thus providing their first experience in the formal labour market. Staying in school is a condition for keeping the job, students receive adequate remuneration for the work performed under this grant.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In Part II we look at the boundaries of torture and the ethical issues they bring to light. In this chapter I employ Nel Noddings’ notion of the three components of evil as a framework of analysis. Each one is applied to torture, recognizing that its aspects of physical pain and mental and psychological suffering are set out by the UN Convention Against Torture in 1984. One change over the years is the increasing use of abusive practices which leave no scars or other physical evidence. Examples are sleep deprivation, isolation, threats to family members, and forced standing. For perpetrators, such tactics offer significant advantages.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Social skills are a key determinant: the ability to get along with others (i.e. with co-workers) is crucial for the likelihood of employment success. This is why social skills training gained importance in vocational rehabilitation. Social skills are needed for the job interview and they increase the chances to stay employed even if the work performance is fluctuating. This is a main reason for poor employment outcomes of those with personality disorders (Baer et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This is a result of Poland’s long history of forest biodiversity protection. For example, efforts to save bison from extinction and protect wild horse, lynx, wildcat, beaver and predatory birds were initiated between the wars. The LP has always had programmes to protect threatened flora and fauna species.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In addition, central gender institutions may play a stronger role in working with ministries to define and co-ordinate their needs for gender-disaggregated data. Even when such data exist, some governments still need encouragement to employ gender statistics in their planning and budgetary processes. Consequently, national gender institutions must often engage in developing guidelines, manuals and training materials to promote the development and collection of gender-disaggregated statistics, as well as designing methodologies to encourage their application. Gender-sensitive indicators provide a useful tool to communicate goals and objectives within an overall vision and strategy for gender equality. They are used to assess progress in achieving gender equality by measuring changes in the status of women and men, and may be used to measure a particular intervention towards achieving greater gender equality.14 Focusing on measuring what matters can help drive the achievement of results and monitor performance against the desired goals for gender equality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Generally, they subsidise rather than fully cover the cost of travel and accommodation. Criticisms of these programmes include a lack of uniformity, levels of reimbursement being insufficient, and challenges to accessing funds. The levels of reimbursement also do not reflect current costs of travel and accommodation (Health Policy Analysis, 2011). The most common minimum one-way travel criterion is 100 kilometres, with Queensland set at 50 kilometres and Tasmania 75 kilometres.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Renewable energy sources are divided into non-combustible (geothermal, hydro, solar, wind, tide and wave) and combustible renewables and waste (biomass, animal products, municipal waste and industrial waste). Non-renewables are fossil fuels (coal, crude oil, petroleum products, gas) and nuclear. Energy from renewables can increase energy security and lead to diversification of energy supply.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)