albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The humanist tradition in Western education systems is increasingly coming under critical scrutiny by posthumanist scholars, arguing that Enlightenment humanism accommodates a number of serious shortcomings such as being essentialist, exclusive, and unable to meet its own criteria of value pluralism, tolerance, and equity for all. This article formulates some challenges posed to formal education by posthumanist theory, addressing international education policymaking for social change. Based on an analysis of a number of education policy documents produced by UNESCO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Bank, the European Commission, and the Nordic Council of Ministers, it elicits five pervasive ideas about the relationship between education and social change that are frequently appearing in contemporary rhetoric of education policymaking: ‘the knowledge society’, ‘the democratic society’, ‘the multicultural society’, ‘the globalized society’ and ‘the sustainable society’. ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
A major issue is also the lack of integrated management of water resources, energy and waste. Sustainable practices need to be introduced to reduce the stress on natural resources in the region. The municipality is concerned about the sustainable environmental development but lacks the instruments to implement a coherent environmental protection policy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The IMF’s rapid financing instrument (RFI)'. Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). Voluntary Guidelines for the Pacific Islands Region, available at: http://www.pacificdisaster.net/dox/ FRDP_2016_Resilient_Dev_pacific.pdf (accessed 29 September 2017). United States Department of State (2017), Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs: Investment Climate Statements for 2017 - Dominica, available at: https://www.state.g0v/e/eb/rls/0thr/ics/ investmentclimatestatements/index.htm?dlid =270062&year=2017#wrapper (accessed 29 September 2017).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Various forms of “lock-ins” are present in the region ranging from narrow orientation of knowledge providers, to a “low wage equilibrium” including low job creation. Population groups live and learn in separate communities limiting the innovation potential of a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic population. Contribution of higher education institutions to R&D remains limited, except in the case of the Technion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
All regressions are based on the same 36 observations at the national level and 360 observations at the sub-national level per year and are weighted by the sample size of the education’experience’year cell. All regression models include education, experience, and period fixed effects, and a full set of two-way interactions. In this context, the educational attainment of foreign- and native-born workers is also taken into account. Thereafter, the chapter looks at factors that help explain why the contribution of foreign-born workers may be different from native-born workers based on qualitative studies of selected sectors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
It shows that indirect carbon emissions of all technologies are at least an order of magnitude lower than the direct emissions from fossil fuel combustion. It includes the warming of rivers and lakes due to the cooling requirements of large thermal power plants, in particular nuclear plants, as well as the landscape impacts of renewables with large requirements in terms of land use such as wind, solar and hydro.15 In case of biomass-firing, it is important that woodlands are forested sustainably. The European project on the Cost Assessment for Sustainable Energy Systems (CASES) draws together much of the available information on the external effect of power generation in monetised form. While here is not the place to discuss the merits, limits and proper utilisation of the monetisation of external effects, such synthetic estimates if carefully prepared provide a good qualitative indicator of the areas in which policy action might be needed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
These are designed to facilitate adaptation to the existing and expected effects of climate change, and to help anticipate and mitigate future impacts. Thus, in relation to the tourism industry, UNEP developed from 2007 and 2009 several seminars on climate change adaptation and mitigation in the sector, with the University of Oxford as academic partner and UNWTO as co-host, on frameworks, policies and practices targeting government and industry experts. Additionally, UNEP in partnership with the Caribbean Alliance for Sustainable Tourism produced in 2009 a handbook to support climate change adaptation efforts in tourism destinations and communities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This article contributes to the literature on the European border security industry with a network analysis of a new bipartite data set. The network is composed of speakers and their speech topics at a European border security conference taking place from 2008 to 2015. Speakers are linked to conferences by year of attendance and to speech topics to identify key actors and discourses using measures of centrality. A multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure (MR-QAP) is used to explain the continuity of conference speech topics. The centrality analysis reveals a number of “hubs” and the discourse analysis reveals a consistent focus on social control and surveillance over human rights. The MR-QAP regression suggests that shared discourses are driven by organisations which act as key speakers at many events, and whose discourses are prioritised over those of other actors. The article concludes with notes on the critical implications of the findings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Some 81% of respondents mention oil as one of the most-used energy sources, 77% gas and 36% nuclear energy, followed by coal at 35%. Their high degree of awareness of the energy mix can thus explain why respondents are focused on fuel price volatility: in the case of oil for example, which is the most-used energy source for a majority of Europeans, the signal transmitted by the price of the barrel can be considered as an indicator of consumers’ confidence in the security of energy supply of its country. To explore the possibility of correlation between the security of energy supply concerns and public attitudes towards nuclear energy that have been developed in the first part of this chapter, it is not sufficient to provide a snapshot into the state of public opinion on these issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Thermoset plastics from municipal sources are often combined with other materials, making them difficult to separate for recycling. As such, they are seldom collected separately from municipal sources, unless as part of schemes focusing on specific items (e.g. w'aste electrical and electronic equipment or household appliances). Sorting can be broadly divided into positive picking (removing the target material from non-target materials), and negative picking (removing non-target materials from the target).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
If public transportation were included in this count, at nearly 20 700 jobs in 2010, it would represent the largest share of green jobs in the metro-region (Brookings Institution, 2011c). Because other local green economy studies in the Chicago Tri-State metro-region employ broader definitions of energy and waste-related jobs, this report presents an alternative categorisation method. Under this more expansive category definition of energy jobs, for example, job growth occurred more slowly in building-related activities than in activities related to energy or water and air.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The small industrial enterprise uses modern heat access to create these ceramic cookstoves, and these cookstoves then cascade modern heat access to the surrounding populations. In addition, employment and income have been noted to rise significantly with a small-scale industrial seed operation like that mentioned. The increased income then leads to higher appliance ownership and ability to pay for modern heat infrastructure service - continuing the virtuous cycle (GVEP, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Poland is the only OECD country where teacher appraisal is performed solely by the school principal. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Several LDCs provide examples of impressive leapfrogging triggered by progressive policies. For example, both Bangladesh and Myanmar, the first and fourth largest LDCs in respect to population, were able to boost mobile broadband coverage from less than 10% to over 90% of the population in just four years (Figure 6.4, left). What they both have in common are policies enabling leapfrogging.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Investment treaty arbitration is often promoted as a fair, rules-based system that advances the rule of law. The system falls short of this expectation, however, due to its unique combination of arbitration and public law, its asymmetrical claims structure, its reliance on executive officials to make case-by-case appointments, and its attenuation of judicial oversight. The focus of concern is not actual bias on the part of individual arbitrators but, more appropriately, institutional and procedural aspects of the adjudicative process that raise suspicions of bias.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In Chile, school reinforcement programmes for vulnerable children provided by charity organisations have been effective in improving the grades of at-risk children (Contreras and Herrera, 2007). Rather than withdrawing the voucher subsidy depending on the top-up fee that parents pay, the government could make it more generally dependent on income (Beyer, 2009) or on socio-economic background (Sapelli, 2006), by creating several income brackets that would receive an increasingly lower subsidy. To some extent the government has recently moved in this direction by increasing the extra subsidy for poor children with the largest increases for the 20% poorest. In turn, maximum top-up payments could be positively related to parents’ income to make free school choice less dependent on the ability to pay. The government could require schools to accept all children with a maximum top-up payment that would be zero for the poorest children, increasing gradually across the different income brackets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The purpose of this paper is to highlight recent developments in the practice of empirical social research, paying particular attention to the relationship between social-science practice, social-control strategies, and the role of interpretive frame-works. The essay describes how the social-scientific emphasis on quantification within a value-neutral framework corresponds to an overall reluctance within the social sciences to evaluate the phenomena of social life within an historical and moral context. Within this framework, it is argued that actuarial risk assessment, as a social science practice, meets the managerial needs of advanced industrial societies by legitimating interpretive frameworks which focus primarily on prediction as the main criterion in understanding social processes and by producing concrete technologies which facilitate the management effort. This essay calls upon quantitative social scientists to reflect upon the ways in which our practices and products may inadvertently project value positions that ought not be promoted without critical evaluation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Yet women perform much of the physical work required in agriculture, such as weeding. Redesigning or making available better farming tools and equipment (and introducing or increasing the use of personal protective equipment) would improve efficiency, reduce the number of accidents in which women, men and children are harmed, and contribute to gender equity (Molineri etal. They may learn about environment-friendly techniques of seedling production, soil conservation, pest management and post-harvest processing (Petries etal.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Third, the channel decomposition analysis indicates that gender-based discrimination in social institutions tends to reduce income per capita by lowering both women's human capital acquisition and labour force participation, as well as total factor productivity. Fourth, the income loss associated with gender discrimination in social institutions is estimated at up to USD 12 trillion, or 16% of world income. By contrast, a gradual dismantling of gender-based discriminatory social institutions by 2030 could increase the annual income globed growth rate by 0.03 to 0.6 percentage points over the next 15 years, depending on the scenario.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
An authoritative report from the United Nations (IAEA, 2005) indicates that: “It is impossible to assess reliably, with any precision, numbers of fatal cancers caused by radiation exposure due to Chernobyl accident. Further, radiation-induced cancers are at present indistinguishable from those due to other causes.” However the IAEA International Expert Group “predicts that among the 600 000 persons receiving more significant exposures (liquidators working in 1986-1987, evacuees and residents in the most “contaminated” areas), the possible increase in cancer mortality due to this radiation exposure could be up to a few per cent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Data of India relate fiscal years. Investments in quality transport infrastructure result in benefits to the communities directly affected. They can directly generate employment opportunities related to construction, operations and maintenance, indirectly improve opportunities for individuals and firms, improve the efficiency of existing forms of economic activity, and generate various social and environmental benefits. Affected communities also benefit from spillovers such as lower input costs, increased choice in input supplies, expanded local trade and access to new markets for output (White and Raitzer, 2017).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This collaboration extends to all methodological issues, including the design of survey questionnaires or modules within questionnaires, the revision of international classifications and standards and the development of analytical methods and appropriate indicators, among others. Statisticians should be trained in how to incorporate a gender perspective into their regular work, from the design of data collection tools and fieldwork to data analysis and presentation. At the second Global Forum on Gender Statistics, held in Accra in 2009, it was recognized that, despite global efforts and advocacy for gender statistics, including capacity- building activities, there still persist gaps in knowledge of gender statistics among many professionals in national statistical offices (United Nations, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
A national fossil fuel tax has provided the main source of funding for Costa Rica’s PES scheme. Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) As well as core biodiversity budgets, this Target has opportunities to attract funding from businesses. Engagement of businesses will be important in the development of SCP plans for different sectors, and should provide opportunities to secure business funding for research and action planning, helping businesses to develop the evidence base and identify the actions they need to take to reduce their impacts on biodiversity over time. Reduced loss of natural habitats Wetland banking is an innovative economic instrument that has substantially increased private sector funding for wetland conservation in the US, and could be applied in other countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Its agencies began to face growing financial constraints as major donors in the North started to to squeeze out core funding." The UN's role in development was increasingly under attack, with the Bretton Woods institutions claiming greatertechnical expertise and relegating the UN's core competence to peace and security. On the other side, the neoliberal agenda and its policy prescriptions became more nuanced during this period, shifting focus somewhat away from an emphasis on crude budget cuts and towards privatization.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Under these agreements, the centres recognize the authority of the Governing Body of the Treaty to provide policy guidance relating to their ex situ collections (i.e. collections of seeds stored in genebanks). From 1 February 2008, the Centres have been transferring all plant genetic resources for food and agriculture they hold in trust - using the SMTA. They have also helped countries recover from natural disasters such as Hurricane Mitch which struck Honduras and Nicaragua. A recent study showed that of the more than one million seed samples distributed over the past 10 years, the vast majority (80 per cent or more) went to universities and national agricultural research systems where scientists are developing new crop varieties that give higher yields, have improved nutritional value, use less water, need lower amounts of fertilizers, and have natural resistance to pests, diseases and climatic vagaries such as droughts and floods.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The Constitution operates alongside marriage laws in Uganda. The Marriage Act of 1904 sets 21 years as the age of consent for marriage but allows for marriages below that age with the written consent of the father, or if he is dead, absent or of unsound mind, then the mother. Where both are dead, then consent can be sought from guardians. The Marriage and Divorce of Mohammedans Act of 1906 makes no mention of the age of consent while the Hindu Marriage and Divorce Act of 196188 and the Customary Marriages (Registration) Act 197389 provide for the age of consent at 16 years for girls and 18 years for boys.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This chapter looks at the interests and strategies of states, companies and individuals as key actors in the global market for citizenship. The chapter first looks at the global race for wealth, arguing that global mobility of people and capital offers a structure of opportunity for states to develop policies targeting the wealthy. It then analyses how private companies engage in standard-setting and building a global regulatory framework for investment-based citizenship. The chapter examines the profile of beneficiaries of ius pecuniae and identifies patterns of interests that such individuals might have in obtaining status on grounds of investment. By doing so, it also reflects on the problematic aspects of such a market for citizenship (e.g. corruption), and their manifestations in domestic politics and international relations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Average nutrient concentrations are much higher due to pollution from intensive farming. In some cases total phosphorus concentrations have reached 100 pl/1, a level characteristic of hypereutrophic waterbodies. The most affected aquifers were in northeastern Slovenia, which suffered from high pollution loads due to livestock waste.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This may have a negative impact on the family dynamics with intra-familial conflicts and abuse as a consequence. Such experiences may have impact on the later health of the young. For example, a study conducted among Icelandic adolescents who were 14-15 years old shows that lifetime experience of intra-familial conflicts may increase the risk for depression, anxiety, anger and self-esteem (Gunnlaugsson, Kristjansson, Einarsdottir and Sigfusdottir, 2011). Thus, in light of the current crisis it is important to monitor closely the future development of the health situation of children and keep a close eye on known risk factors that may negatively impact on later adult health of the young. Governmental policy responses are crucial for how the economic recession will affect household functioning, and children's experiences of poverty. The burden can be alleviated through, e.g., fiscal stimulus, social protection and polices that address the labour market and support to families (Harper, Jones, McKay, and Espey, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Data from household surveys face other limitations, discussed in Annex 1. Incidence issues are discussed at the end of this section. The poverty rate is defined here in relative terms, as the percentage of individuals with income below 50% of the median equivalised household disposable income. In some countries, most notably in the United States, official poverty statistics are based on an absolute poverty threshold.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
At the same time, health systems need significant strengthening. External assistance will be critical for countries that do not have enough domestic resources to finance the spending required. Vertical interventions should continue to be harmonized with the horizontal health system so that the former do not weaken the latter, but instead strengthen it. The world has seen a reduction in under-five, maternal and malaria-related mortality rates and the number of new HIV/AIDS infections, as well as an increase in the number of lives saved through improvements in testing and treatment of tuberculosis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Large circles represent assessment sites in open basins and small circles represent coastal assessment sites. Additionally, HELCOM (HELCOM 2017), proposed a set of biodiversity indicators to asses the biodiversity status in the sub-basins of the Baltic Sea, (see Fig. Copepods are food for organisms at higher trophic levels, such as fish, auks and Greenland whales, while copepods' faeces are food for benthic animals. Especially three species of copepods, Caianus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, and C.finmarchicus, create the basis forthe high marine biodiversity in Disko Bay (Boertmann, Mosbech, Schiedek, & Dunweber, 2013, Garde, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
A specific regulatory structure and proactive policies succeeded in attracting FDI in the manufacturing sector, which added to existing productive capacity, increased productivity and supported the technological upgrading of local productive capacities, even though the country’s exports continued to have a relatively high import content, particularly of technology-intensive parts and components (TDR 2006: 186-189). This is why the growth of manufactured exports that has accompanied their participation in these networks has not always been matched by comparable increases in value added and employment. Note: FDI data refer to outflows for developed countries and to inflows for developing countries and countries in Eastern Europe. Data for China refer to 2000-2010. Several reasons can explain this diversity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Language can be defined as mother tongue (the language usually spoken in early childhood), the usual language most often spoken at home at the current time, or the ability to speak one or more designated languages. Each of these definitions of language serves a different analytical purpose and the decision as to which one to adopt in a survey on violence against women will depend on the local population and on the survey objectives. With respect to data on mother tongue or usual language, it is recommended that each language that is numerically important in country, not just the dominant language, should be shown.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)