albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
This objective is pursued in practice through the organization's two main divisions: community development, which attends to strengthening social and human capital and advocacy work, and production promotion, in charge of the work related to forest management and biodiversity. The Forestry Trade Association is a member of the Chamber of Industry and was founded in 1950 as a non-profit organization responsible for promoting the rational use of Guatemala's forestry resources, it also acts as an information centre and provides services to its members. The Association comprises individuals or legal entities and forestry associations from the country's various regions. Its activities include supporting its members, promoting production and exports, technology transfer, and participation in forums and the formulation of laws and regulations applicable to the sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Communities set the tariffs, determine the budget, and introduce changes in the water supply systems (extension, household connections). In the short term, it is expected that the government will further decentralise the rural water supply and sanitation sector. There are already examples of water supply systems which, a year after they have been rehabilitated, are in very poor operating condition with standpipes broken, well doors missing, pumps out of order, etc. Furthermore, the remnants of welfare mentality and the desire to receive services for free are still strong. National regulators can remove regulatory constraints by setting clear rules for water operators, irrespective of ownership.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
First among these are the short-term costs that mitigation measures may impose on economic actors, whether firms or households. Recent evidence shows these costs to vary widely depending on which policy instruments are used, with taxes and emission permits usually resulting in lower abatement costs (OECD, 2013a).2 Reducing these costs further requires that signals and incentives for mitigation be coherent across policy areas, so that one set of policies does not undermine what the other is trying to achieve. In that regard, addressing climate change is as much about introducing new policies as it is about adapting existing ones.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Through the lens of Guatemala’s Jorge Carpio Nicolle case I analyze the mechanisms that preserve impunity in Latin American nations struggling to emerge from violent conflict and embrace, the rule of law. I reveal how the infective influence of parallel powers, the ineffectiveness of the judicial process, and obstructive legal doctrine destroy domestic efforts to prosecute those responsible for human rights violations. The Carpio case exposes the role of international courts in providing justice when domestic courts fail to do so, and it demonstrates the importance of human rights groups in pursuing this justice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
These include several groups of halogenated hydrocarbons containing either chlorine or bromine that are used as solvents or refrigerating agents. The Montreal Protocol, which supplements the 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, had been ratified by 196 countries by 2011. By the end of 2010, the organization had completed 1,142 projects (worth $533 million in disbursements) phasing out 70,106 tonnes of potential ozone depleting substances. Another 199 projects are being implemented.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
A questionnaire compared occupational situations before and after the recognition of prior learning procedure was undertaken. In the case of employed workers, recognition of prior learning was found to have more of a positive effect within the employing organisation than on external mobility, in respect of promotion and increased job satisfaction. For individuals, the recognition of prior learning makes existing competences transparent to employers or to educational institutions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Turkey is a case in point.111 The supply of childcare services shows problems of accessibility and location, high prices and low quality, caused by lack of public provision or subsidies to cover the existing demand.112 For the country’s offer of public childcare services to match OECD average preschool enrolment, Turkey would have to invest 1.36 percent of its GDP annually. Such an investment in early childhood education would create (directly and indirectly) two and a half times the number of jobs (mostly women’s) that a similar demand injection would create if it were channelled (for example) to the construction sector. Almost 80 percent of expenditure would be recovered through increased government revenues, debunking the view that care policies (and social policies in general) only add to the expenditures side of the government budget. The latter channel is more than a linear impact on human capital that automatically feeds into greater future growth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The Jerusalem Bird Observatory is the only such centre in the world where the public can view the ringing process. One feature of this work has been co-operation with the Israeli air force. Since 1972, the air force has lost nine fighter aircraft and sustained serious damage to another 30 planes due to collisions with birds.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The findings are presented in the tables below, occasionally supplemented by additional untabulated (UT) items reported in prose form. Of the remaining 377, 38% were male and 62% female, 49% were from the United Kingdom and 51% from Germany, so the sample was well balanced between the two countries. The higher female response may indicate that the issues were of more interest to women than to men.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The education system is not adequate, focusing more on theory than practical work. Such gaps are even greater for women in conservative societies, because cultural barriers prevent girls from getting the training they need. Our projects build the skills of women and girls so that they can find alternate economic livelihoods.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
However, these are economic costs, for which provisions exist to be internalised through the funds that are constituted by electricity producers and that are passed on in customer prices and tariffs. The problem for policy making is, of course, that such accidents receive an extraordinary amount of attention from the media and the general public. The greatest number of fatalities is recorded in coal mining and hydroelectricity, two technologies which do not generate widespread public concerns.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The most deprived and vulnerable are most often excluded from progress and most difficult to reach. They require particular attention not only in order to secure their entitlements, but also as a matter of ensuring the realization of everyone’s rights. The most rapidly and widely ratified of these is the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Therefore, detailed studies are needed to complement more general information with a specific focus on care, by type of illness, and to distinguish between the time invested in prevention from time spent on care relating to an illness (Dur^n, 2008b). Good health policies are hard to formulate if the distribution of the workload relating to this type of care is not known. Hence, the information provided by time-use surveys is crucial to the monetary valuation of domestic health services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These innovations serve new demands in cities for enhanced services and improved interaction, making it possible to increase real-time insights on traffic and transportation for public authorities. The harmonization of data, which can be supported by UN/CEFACTs work on standardization of information exchanges and data flows, interacting together with blockchain smart contracts to initiate action, could serve for example. Most of the funds go towards supporting several activities linked to reducing air pollution including agriculture, oil, waste, diesel, transport, household energy and local planning.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Their underlying motivations seem based on the growing understanding that only through development planning will developing countries be able to accelerate growth, develop their productive capacities and achieve greater economic diversification. Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan. Cambodia, Fiji, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Vanuatu, Viet Nam and Timor-Leste.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The author wishes to thank Fran§oise Benicourt and Theresa Poincet for their help in preparing the document for publication. The author’s gratitude also goes to the following OECD staff members who provided helpful comments and suggestions: Silvia Albrizio, Peter Borkey, Julien Hardelin, Tomasz Kozluk, Jussi Lankoski, S6bastien Miroudot, Andrew Prag, Dorothee Rouzet, Raed Safadi, and Ronald Steenblik. In addition, the analysis greatly benefited from the insights of Grant Ferrier (principal, Environmental Business International Inc.).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
When Thomas Luckmann, a pioneer of the "linguistic turn" in sociology, regarded Emile Durkheim as a source for the sociology of language, he had lifeworldly community-building in mind. However, the French sociologist himself understood language in the context of civil society-building. To Durkheim, language was a "social thing in the highest degree" that enabled general ideas and intermediated them to people. Abstract human ideals like the civil religion since the French Revolution could be shared through (a common) language. Thus, Durkheim took the exclusive use of French in the Third Republic's laic public education for granted, ignoring the patois in the country: This "child of the Enlightenment" considered French to be a universal language of Gesellschaft and, beyond ethno-communal elements, to work as a basis for the organic solidarity of French national civil society where the social division of labor was progressing. Durkheim's theory was predicated on civil-linguistic, not ethnolinguistic, nationalism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The legal, regulatory, and policy framework in most countries has yet to catch up with the commitments that most countries have made to the various international treaties and agreements guaranteeing the rights of adolescents and young people (Greene et al., In many countries, the framework has yet to catch up with the realities of adolescents and youth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The third graph indicates how the farmer changes the diversification strategy with the intervention price. In fact, the farmer uses a diversification strategy more often as the intervention price increases up to GBP 68 per tonne. More specifically, the farmer increases the proportion of barley production and reduces the wheat production to benefit both from price intervention for these two cereals while diversifying between these two crops.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This reflects the EECCA region’s large financial needs to replace or rehabilitate aged and inefficient power plants and transmission infrastructure (IEA, 2015). The financing for energy generation and supply sector amounts to more than 40% of the total climate-related development finance committed to the EECCA countries during that period. This figure is significantly larger than the total committed finance to this sector at the global level (27%). Especially for countries at lower levels of economic development, such as Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, the development of the energy sector is crucial in eradicating poverty and pursuing sustainable development. Further investment in energy infrastructure is also essential to enhance energy security in most of the EECCA countries, especially those that lack large natural resource reserves.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It´s presented the nuclear proposal disarmament at the light of principles of natural law in International Legal Sistem of Human Rights. It relates the natural law precepts of reason and the common good with the principles of the peaceful resolution of disputes. It´s demonstrated the incongruity of the nuclear weapons argument as a mean of defense. The research is a qualitative bibliography with a doctrinal analysis of international law. It´s concluded that the sovereign´s self-defense with an atomic arsenal violates international treaties, prevents the development of the common good, and is a constant threat to the flourishing of humanity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Demand may well be reduced from dietary and conversion efficiency improvements. But no attempt was made to quantify the effect as the Baseline demand is already so small that any adjustment will be negligible compared to the large uncertainties surrounding each of the much larger demand categories. Given the net response of the LPJmL model, this may result in slightly higher demand for irrigation water.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Equity is measured by the difference in the index of quality of schools’ educational resources between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged schools. * Korea has a negative value (-0.01), which means that disadvantaged schools receive more resources than the advantaged ones. Source: OECD, (2013a), PISA 2012 Results: What Makes Schools Successful (Volume IV): Resources, Policies and Practices, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264201156-en. The gap in tertiary enrolment rates between students from the highest income quartile and those from other quartiles has widened dramatically since 1996, and the gap between young people from the highest and the lowest income quartiles is especially large (Figure 2.16).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
They were more keen to work with parents, partly to show them the results of their children's progress and achievements, and partly to persuade other parents to bring their disabled children to school. There was an increase in the number of disabled children enrolling in pre-school and primary school - from 22 to 44 per cent in aimags where the approach was used. These were based on an inclusive education resource centre established by Save the Children at the Institute of Education, the main pre-service teacher training institution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
As assessment of national digital strategies made by UNCTAD in 2017 revealed that only half of the assessed strategies that included digital infrastructure objectives addressed investment needs. While most plans acknowledged various sources of finance, including public and private, only a few strategies included an assessment of the amount required (UNCTAD, 2017[i4]). In January 2018, the Broadband Commission extended and updated this list with more ambitious targets for 2025.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Due to the absence of widely available and economically feasible storage, each electricity system has to maintain a constant balance between supply and demand by adapting the generating power. Load also needs to be adapted to forecasted and unforecasted changes in supply and demand as well as to unexpected faults in the system, such as the unscheduled shutdown of a generating unit or transmission line. Such load following allows the alignment of the overall system supply with daily, weekly and seasonal demand variations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The increased volume of final output from this sector also generates employment momentum in the service sector (pink and purple bar). In emerging countries, the service sector may benefit considerably in terms of employment from the expansion of this particular subsector through manufacturing-related services. Thus, the process of 'servicification', where manufacturing-related services gain importance in the industrial sector, creates the necessary demand for a competitive service sector within a given economy (Guerrieri and Meliciani, 2005).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
These are interlinked areas yet, there are power dynamics that can undermine co-operation efforts. For instance, peripheral communes tend to want to retain influence and related to this, tactics may waver from subordination to co-operation with the main city depending on the issues at hand (Box 2.4). Smaller communities may feel like they will be subsumed by urban priorities for growth, and thus seek to maintain independence.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
On 14 February 2002, the International Court of Justice (the Court) delivered its judgment in the case concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000. In this case, the Court had the opportunity to take an authoritative stance on, and to contribute to the development of, two major questions in the field of immunities and jurisdiction of contemporary international law: do Ministers for Foreign Affairs enjoy immunity against prosecution by national courts of another state for crimes under international law, and how far can a state go in granting universal jurisdiction to its domestic courts?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Primary school enrolment rates were above 80% for all economies in 2011 except Pakistan where only 65% of girls and 70% of boys were enrolled in primary school, compared with 85% of girls and boys in other economies in the Asia/Pacific region (Figure 2.1, Panel B). Increasing access to primary education remains a priority, particularly in rural areas where enrolment rates are lower than in urban areas, and children and teachers often have to walk long distances to get to school. Education policies in OECD countries and many Asia/Pacific economies aspire to have young people complete at least secondary education. In many OECD countries younger women (up to age 25) are now more likely to obtain a tertiary qualification than their male counterparts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This experience has generated several positive outcomes for small family farmers (Bioversity International, 2012). Farmers have more than doubled the area devoted to bananas to respond to demand and have adopted more efficient harvest and post-harvest practices. Over 85 percent of producers reported higher incomes and increased consumption, including milk and meat.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Another factor contributing to a low rate of job creation is the considerable scope that exists for raising output without increasing employment in many countries (i.e. through increases in labour productivity and working time). While increased layoff rates played an important role in raising unemployment during the initial phase of the recession, their importance gradually diminished as the downturn bottomed out and recovery began. This suggests that policy makers concerned with reducing unemployment or limiting its rise should shift their efforts from protecting viable jobs at risk of being terminated towards re-integrating the unemployed into the workforce and encouraging hiring by firms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
I had completed 10 years of schooling, so I joined high school, which I have completed successfully. I am positive that with my work experience and qualification I can get a good job and provide a good future to my children.” As noted above, a symbolic capital of honour39 is attached to household ability to control women’s mobility: the higher the status of the household, the less the freedom to leave it and be seen outside alone. In Nepal, things are changing fast and women have always been involved in agriculture at the farmhouse level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
But the first step is the need to acknowledge that there might in fact be a problem and that the VET system needs to take responsibility for addressing it. Interviews conducted during the visits suggested that even this first step may be a challenge. Because most young people in these countries leave full-time schooling after only nine or ten years, part-time vocational schools have a special responsibility to provide continuing general education alongside the more occupationally-specific education that is their main focus. In Germany dual system students receive only 160 hours annually of general education, and that time is divided among the subjects German, English, sports, and economics or social science. By contrast, Danish dual system students spend between 30% and 50% of their time in vocational school. This raises the larger question of how to ensure that the broader purposes of schooling are respected in a system principally focused on preparing young people for work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Grassroots involvement: the product was developed by an uneducated worker. While they are undertaken by the poor, they can be supported by other actors in the innovation system, including universities, non-govemmental organisations (NGOs) and private firms. Examples of grassroots innovations include the well-known Honey Bee Network (Table 1.1 and Box 3.6) and the sanitary napkin-making machine.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
It was revolutionary of course, but when I came face-to-face with a 1450s Gutenberg bible, with its twin black columns of dense Latin text, I realised that there was another story to tell: the story of humble paper. Paper is nothing special, except that it is far cheaper than animal-skin parchment. It's so cheap that we now use it to wipe our backsides. The cell phone is one, the computer is another.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In the absence of waste regulations and their rigorous implementation and enforcement, a generator of waste will tend to opt for the cheapest available course of action. For example, household solid waste may be dumped in the street, on vacant land, or into drains, streams or other watercourses, or it may be burned to lessen the nuisance of accumulated piles of waste. The uncontrolled burning of waste creates particulate and persistent organic pollutant emissions that are highly damaging locally and globally. Accumulated waste and blocked drains encourage vectors to breed, resulting in the spread of cholera, dengue fever and other infectious diseases and are a major contributing factor to flooding.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
A full educational infrastructure or ecosystem must be available to support the improvement of teaching practices. Teachers need resources (rubrics, lesson plans, examples), new knowledge, colleagues to talk to, experts giving them feedback, space for reflection, support from their hierarchy, opportunities to try these new teaching approaches with their students, etc. Those professional development plans took many forms, depending on the teaching standards, beliefs of the teachers, and support of school and systems leaders, but most included three key elements: training sessions, individual follow-up with teachers and opportunities for peer learning (see Chapter 5).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Similar examples can be found in the MENA region where there is a large gap between when the extension of male and female suffrage occurred, as in the case of Saudi Arabia. The variables are discussed in the following order: life expectancy, sex ratios, marriage age ratios, educational attainment and then the composite indicator. This is visible both from the individual country trends and the overall world average.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)