albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
See WHO, “Health of the World's Adolescents", May 2014, http://apps.who. Global data indicate that 2.6 million deaths occurred among 10-24-year-olds in 2004, 97 percent of these deaths occurred in lower-middle-income countries (Patton and others 2009). The same report indicates that, in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (includes 16 lower-middle-income countries), young people (10-24 years of age) had a relative risk ratio of dying of 3.7 compared with those in high-income countries across the globe (39 countries, five in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates). The lower-middle-income countries in the same WHO region had the third-highest relative risk of dying among all the low- to middle-income countries after Africa and Southeast Asia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Education is “portable capital”, critical for successful migration and participation in the labour and other markets (Bird et al., The education agenda needs to focus on post-primary education and its links to the labour market (Hossain et al., Governments also need to expand pre-school arrangements, especially for children from poor households, because there is abundant evidence that this assists poor children’s performance at school.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
It brings together a group of local business owners and women from different walks of life to create a national network that strengthens women’s status in a growing economy. Also a partner in Global Entrepreneurship Week-Lebanon. Women’s groups are tightly linked to the state and are permitted to cooperate only with international women’s organisations that have been sanctioned by the government.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, although questions differ across surveys and data are therefore not fully comparable across countries, labour force surveys (LFS) provide useful evidence on the number of people receiving unemployment benefits.24 They also contain some information on recipient characteristics, notably on their labour-force status. Figure 10 plots LFS data on the overall proportions of working-age individuals receiving unemployment benefits at different points in time. While recipiency rates have changed little in a few countries (Luxembourg, Switzerland, as well as Czech Republic, France and Slovenia since the mid-1990s), most see major changes over the period.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The most notable among these are the following. First, when regulations differ between large and small firms, scores are normally based on regulations prevailing for large firms (with the partial exception of the definition of collective dismissal, where the lowest threshold is taken into account), including in countries with a large share of small firms and significant differences in dismissal restrictions by firm size (such as Australia, Italy, Portugal and Turkey). The rationale behind this choice is that firm size is endogenous to regulations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Until 2003, health insurers had to reimburse the full cost of all drugs covered by social health insurance, up to a legally determined reimbursement limit. As a result, generic drug prices were all close to the reimbursement limit, allowing pharmacies to make large profits. Attempts from the government to claw back part of the discounts offered to pharmacists were only marginally successful (Boonen et al., In parallel, health insurers started to issue tenders for contracts to supply several high-volume generic drugs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Though these are not the countries where the enrolment of low-income children is the highest, they have the highest shares of beneficiaries of ECEC services in low-income households: the bottom 20% in Hungary and Luxembourg, and the bottom 40% in Iceland. Due to data constraints, estimates for long-term care are available only for 14 OECD countries. Gross and Net Indicators in the OECD Social Expenditure Database (SOCX)”, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Paper, No.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Whenever there is a software upgrade or device purchase/replacement, there is a risk of data loss or incompatible physical or digital formats. Obsolescence and limited preservation of digital heritage can have a significant impact on our lives, but more generally for science, education, culture, for economic and social development and our histories. Assuring the continuity of formats and access over time is becoming a serious problem.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Fostering ISID, and investing in scientific research and innovation, are crucial for realizing SDG 9 and other industry-related goals. This applies to both the private and the public sector. To this end, it is vital to have an effective and efficient system of innovation, including at national and regional levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Since 2005, the REDD+ framework has evolved under the UNFCCC, adapting to improved understanding of issues regarding potential impacts, methodological accounting, safeguards, and financing (Smith et al., This activity can only make a contribution to mitigation if the carbon stock would otherwise be lost, so it is difficult to estimate mitigation potential separately from (a) or (b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
There is no great momentum towards a state or national human rights law in Australia, and few people other than lawyers are calling for one. A human rights law is not an obvious good, nor obviously necessary. An analysis of contemporary Australian society to establish the need for and form of a human rights law. Only then is a campaign for its adoption appropriate. Lawyers who advocate for a human rights law need to demonstrate each of professional humility, deference to other professionals, and a keen appreciation that their most effective place in a movement for social change may be to support the mobilisation of a much broader coalition of advocates and citizens.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
India’s tractor density, at about 16 per 1000 ha, is less than the global average of 19. Studies show that while technical progress has been the key driver of productivity change, productivity growth in India has not been consistent over time. Production efficiency improved in the 1980s, plateaued in the early 1990s, and then declined in the period from 1997 to 2003, likely due to weather shocks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Energy Australia, Integral Australia and other government-owned entities can also play a critical role in directing investment to support local innovators and small and medium sized firms. Aligning procurement practices with sustainability policies and an economic development strategy can amplify public institutions’ ability to drive demand and foster a green marketplace. Some refinements and reinforcements of key concepts will strengthen Sydney’s capacity to deliver green growth to its residents and businesses.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In response, the EU tightened the supply in the €40 billion ($50 billion) emissions market, and the price of emission rights was expected to rise by 61% by 30 June 2015 (Carr, 2014). In early 2014 the European Commission published its legislative proposal for a market stability reserve in the EU Emissions Trading System. This measure would enable the Commission to add or remove carbon allowances from the system according to pre-set rules (Yougova, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In the future KARI will also collect data on: climatic change risks, household vulnerability to climatic change in specific regions/production systems, performance of various crop varieties under different climatic conditions. It has 17 hydro-meteorological automatic weather stations in the major water catchments for measuring surface discharge, used by the Kenya Energy Generating Company to monitor hydro-power generation under changing rainfall conditions. The NEMA Geographic Information System laboratory focuses on water quality-monitoring, which can be used as an indicator of climate change. These data cover e.g. gender, poverty, living conditions and occupation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
These transformations must combine a production pattern that is more socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable and a State with a redistributive capacity that expands access to well-being, promotes capability development and sends out positive signals to encourage equality through mutual recognition combined with the widespread exercise of both individual and collective autonomy. Social Indicators Research, vol. Data challenges and availability from a comparative perspective (LC/L.3695), Santiago, Chile, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). Policy Research Working Paper, No.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Mild-to-moderate disorders are typically understood not to require highly specialised treatments delivered by psychiatrists or in inpatient settings in the vast majority of cases. Instead, in most OECD countries primary care practitioners take a leading role in treating mild-to-moderate disorders (see Table 4.2). When primary care-level provision for mild-to-moderate disorders is backed up by good training (both during medical training and as part of Continuing Medical Education), by support from specialist mental health care practitioners and support networks, and by good referral options should a patient need to access a more specialised level of care, it can be a highly effective way of delivering care to a large number of patients.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Subnational authorities (such as county boards, water councils and municipalities) finance regional and local monitoring programmes which for all subjects (air, water and land) may add to SEK 130 million. Estimates of public funding for research in WRM are not available. National research funds from SEPA for water were SEK 23 million in 2008. Expenditures on the flood warning system operated by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute are not available.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Specialized staff are in charge of managing the radioactive waste and spent sealed sources generated from nuclear facilities in the country. The licence is issued by the Radiation Protection Commission (RPC), the national authority, and is reviewed every two years. Solid and liquid radioactive wastes are collected and segregated in accordance with their physical-chemical properties and acceptance criteria are approved by the national authority, based on the recommendations of international institutions. Table 7.6 shows the main radionuclides of spent sealed sources stored and conditioned at CANP.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
A number of countries in Latin America and Africa have attempted, strongly aided by donors, to formalize land titles following de Soto’s argument, despite the fact that de Soto has offered little real evidence that formalizing property titles actually leads to greater credit access and thus to poverty reduction in the developing world. According to legal advocate Murtaza Jaffer (quoted in Bourbeau, 2001, pp. The poor soon sell their interests, returning once more to unplanned settlements and despair.”
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Deaths involving cocaine, amphetamine (including “ecstasy”) and NPS (most commonly mephedrone) also reached an all-time high. Similarly, 706 deaths related to drug misuse were registered in Scotland in 2015, which was 15 per cent higher than in 2014 and the largest number recorded since comparable records began, in 19967° Opioids (including heroin/morphine and methadone) were implicated in, or potentially contributed to, 606 of those deaths (86 per cent). Clinical Journal of Pain, vol.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The dissemination of already existing technologies from outside could help this endeavour, but a major challenge relates to the ways and means in which innovation that is relevant to African agriculture could be promoted. Such an enabling environment, by definition, is one that strengthens the absorptive capacity of local actors while protecting their interests through a policy framework that recognises their legal rights and privileges, linkages, socio-cultural norms and historical context. This report defines an enabling environment for technology and innovation in agriculture as one that provides the actors, skills, institutions and organizations required to promote the use, dissemination, diffusion and creation of knowledge into useful processes, products and services. This requires an integrative and holistic approach to policy formulation and demands close interaction between the different ministries whose policies have an impact on innovation and performance of the economy as a whole (national innovation system) or specific sectors (ICT, agriculture, health, electronics, etc).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Its most important export by value is crustaceans and the United States is the largest export market. The value of exports and imports rose steadily between 2011 and 2013, whereas the quantity of both exports and imports fell during the same period (Panel B). The provision of infrastructure and unemployment insurance accounted for 51.5% of the total support (Panel C). In 2012, there were 18 740 registered vessels in Canada (Panel D).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
This work supports the OECD Innovation Strategy, Skills Strategy and Green Growth Strategy. The OECD would like to thank in particular the leadership of the University of the Free State, the Central University of Technology and the Free State Education and Training Trust, who participated in the review process and opened the doors of their institutions for the OECD review team, the regional co-ordinator Lochner Marais and his University of the Free State task team as well as other active counterparts for this review in the national ministries and agencies, provincial and local governments, business and the third sector. The OECD is grateful for the generous support from the Free State Education and Training Trust and the University of the Free State for the funding of the self-evaluation process as well as the Flanders government who made this review possible by funding the OECD-led peer review. Finally, the OECD would like to thank Lumina Foundation for its support in the review team.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Both have worked as consultants for the Social Development Division of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). This is, first, because adolescents are, along with children, overrepresented in poor families. Fertility patterns in lower-income, less-educated sectors largely explain this overrepresentation, combined as they are with today's very low fertility rates among the middle class, especially in the countries of the Southern Cone of Latin America.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For example, the knowledge about indigenous peoples in different countries within subregions varies greatly. Five subregions are conventionally categorized as western, south-eastern, southern eastern and central Asian subregion. The regions include a multitude of indigenous groups who comprise 70 per cent of the estimated 350 million indigenous peoples worldwide.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In Mexico, for example, where 71% of women report feeling insecure in public transport, stakeholders point to the fear of violence or harassment as a hairier to women commuting to work (OECD, 2017). Twenty-one of the 37 responding OECD countries and other adherents to the OECD Gender Recommendation listed VAW as one of the three most urgent issues facing their country (Figure 5.1). Workplace sexual harassment presents both a human rights challenge and an economic cost.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Estimates for the annual historic flow of the Yarmouk range between 450 and 500 MCM,25 though the river has a highly variable flow regime and is prone to severe flooding. The mean annual flow was 152 MCM at Maqarin and 120 MCM downstream at Addasiya (Figure 14). Early records from both Yarmouk gauging stations for the period 1963-1984 show a certain degree of variation with high- and low-flow periods.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
There is overlapping of responsibilities/competences concerning the use of wild species and issuance of permits and fees collection between different institutions, while some key roles are lacking in the institutional framework (i.e. a nature protection agency in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina). This results in poor coordination among sectoral strategies, the overlapping of existing relevant legislation (nature, spatial planning, forestry), and imprecise and overlapping legislation regulating the use of space and natural resources at the different levels of governance in the country (state, entity, cantonal, municipal). Most of the planned secondary legislation for the area of biological diversity exists, but most of the actions these acts provide for have not been implemented.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The content and method of examinations regulated by the chamber are defined by local chambers following the national legal framework and broad guidelines of the national chamber association (Fazekas and Field, 2013). A chamber-regulated examination can receive federal recognition if it exists in a few different states (Lander), has been in place for at least five years, and attracted at least 500 candidates over a specific period of time (Hippach-Schneider et al, 2012). The federal administration approves examination rules submitted by professional organisations and provides support in organising examinations. It provides detailed guidance on how the exam should be conducted (e.g. main parts of the exam, their relative weight in the final score, types of assessment), who the examiners should be (e.g. experts coming from outside the professional association), and what level of competency the examinees should demonstrate.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
See, e.g., UN Human Rights Committee 2000, para. For example, Case of Nicholas Toonen v. Australia, Human Rights Committee Views of 31 March 1994, Communication No. In areas relevant to the concept of family, that evolution is found, for example, in the protection of children born out of wedlock,44 same-sex partners45 and single-parent families.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Natural background concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements are elevated, but the influence is assessed by the Russian Federation as local. In three areas in the Russian part of the basin, groundwater pollution has been identified. Groundwater monitoring is carried out at nine points of observation in the Russian part of the basin three times per month. In the alluvial aquifer groundwater Row is from Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation to the Samur River. In the lower aquifer the flow direction is from Azerbaijan to the Russian Federation. Both aquifers have strong links with surface water.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The relationship is much less strong in Nordic countries, most notably in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The cross-country correlation between skills and wage dispersion is negative and declining with age (-0.28 amongst the youngest cohort, -0.13 amongst the prime-age individuals, and essentially zero in the oldest age group). Dispersion in numeracy (90th-10th percentile difference), by age. In this analysis, we use a slightly different categorisation of age groups than was used in the previous analyses, largely because the estimation of the parental education gradient on wages of the very young can be misleading, due to the issue of selection into the labour market.10 In the next graphs, we analyse four age groups (25-34, 35-44, 45-54 and 55-65 year olds).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Since these cannot meet the cooking/thermal needs of households, one of the requirements of the DoE is that the suppliers of non-grid technologies augment their services by selling thermal fuels such as paraffin and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The installation of SHS must be such that the maximum densification of the installed base is achieved in a specific area. The service provider, who holds a monopoly for servicing an area, must make sure that universal access is achieved in a village identified as a non-grid area. In early 1999, the DoE issued a call for proposals for non-grid rural electrification.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Linguistic and family bonds, which are prevalent in informal trade, make up for the non-availability of credit, but they are often insufficient for long distance trade, for which credit and guarantees are required in order to reproduce equivalent levels of trust. The challenge is even more significant for agricultural exporters, who often state lack of access to credit as the single biggest factor constraining their growth (Cardno, 2010). Financing trade is complicated further by the lack of efficient payment mechanisms to cover insurance requirements and customs guarantees for transiting consignments, as also shown by the case study on the cashew nut sector in Mozambique, as well as by the non-convertibility of certain currencies. The system relies on individuals feeding prices for standardized commodities through mobile phones to a server that makes these data available to others on their mobile phones. It allows access to prices, stock, offers and harvest information, communication with clients and members, tracking stock and inventory, finding buyers and sellers and pulling interactive data from the field.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
For this, Denmark should continue to monitor the equity impact of any major reform affecting health services such as the hospital specialisation reform. Using its data advantage, Denmark may wish to pioneer monitoring of the frequency of travel to hospitals for treatment. Reporting average travel times to the nearest hospital, the performance of ambulances, and the extent to which patients have had to travel to reach primary care or emergency services, as in the Netherlands, would be important. While greater use of mobile teams as in the Netherlands and ambulance services as in France come at high unit costs, these should be traded off against safety considerations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
China’s Medium and Long-term National Plan for S&T Development (2006-20) targets R&D spending of 2.5% of GDP by 2020. Assuming linear growth in Chinese and US R&D expenditure, China should outpace US R&D spending by about 2019 (Figure 1.17). However, China’s recent economic slowdown may delay this scenario.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This difference, however, varies significantly by socioeconomic group. While 44.1% of PIE students from low socio-economic status are diagnosed with a permanent special need, only 12% of PIE students from high socioeconomic status are diagnosed with such a need (see Figure 3.5). There are also differences by school provider: municipal schools are more likely to enrol students with permanent disabilities than private-subsidised schools.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Besides, the co-ordination Committee on Integrated Water Policy (CIW) is the competent authority for the WFD and the co-ordination of integrated water policy in Flanders. It is composed of the leading officials of all administrative entities involved in water management and of the representatives of the authorities of the water management at the local level. It has a threefold mission: i) to prepare, plan and follow up the integrated water policy, ii) to guarantee a uniform approach of integrated water policy in the subbasins, and iii) to implement the decisions of Flemish government related to integrated water policy. As part of the implementation of the WFD, the committee prepares the river basin management plans for the two river basin management districts in Flanders, the Scheldt and the Meuse.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)