albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
In addition, the WP-STAT also agreed to add new sector codes to improve the alignment of aid information with partner country budget classifications. The expansion of the CRS sector code list and the introduction of the new system of multiple purpose codes can contribute to better tracking of activities supporting STI in the future. The channel of delivery is defined as the first implementing partner, e.g. it is the “entity that has implementing responsibility over the funds and is normally linked to the extending agency by a contract or other binding agreement, and is directly accountable to it”. Similar to the DAC list of sector codes, the DAC list on channels of delivery is frequently updated and expanded with additional entities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Such meetings provide an important forum for sharing of information and experiences, and rollout of programmes related to ESD. In the case of Jamaica, accompanying environmental education programmes, the Management Institute for National Development (MIND), which is responsible for training government employees, offers ESD courses for both teachers and school leaders. In addition, some of their core programmes, such as one focused on school management, have been adjusted to include ESD and related issues. As quality-related education reforms continue, and ESD implementation progresses in the focus countries, one area where the two could come together is in the development of professional standards for school leaders which incorporate ESD awareness and/or practices. If this approach were combined with standards for school inspection and supervision that incorporate environmental audit criteria, school planning frameworks which include greening initiatives and professional development around ESD, a strong push towards the implementation of whole-school approaches could be generated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This can be explained by rising demand for housing that cannot be satisfied. In the case of indigenous people, the relative deprivation gap increased from 1.7 to 1.8 times the national level between 2006 and 2010, while the ratio for the Afro-Ecuadorian population decreased from 1.3 to 1.1 over the same period. The first identifies whether individuals have health insurance (public or private), and they are defined as deprived if they have none.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This paper investigates theoretical and practice intersections in Canada between the principles and provisions of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the UN's Basic Principles on the Use of Restorative Justice in Criminal Justice Matters. We undertook this exploratory study from a transdisciplinary standpoint and utilised grounded theory methodological and analytical procedures throughout, data include legal and policy documentary analyses along with eight key informant interviews. Findings indicate that CRC implementation has been impeded by myopic disciplinary approaches that have dissolved its constituent principles by isolating them from its provisions. Young people's human rights are languishing within Canadian juvenile justice contexts, and thus, historical efforts to build an ecosystem of rights-respecting communities in that nation are being compromised. The paper concludes with a reiteration of a CRC implementation model which articulates the balance amongst participation, protection and power relations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Professional efforts to pursue modern form of continuous medical education are still in their infancy. This might mitigate efforts to further drive quality gains in health-care sen/ices. A track and trace system is being implemented for medical devices which track the location of every medical device (i.e. of each patient) and its outcomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
However, women in skill cells with a higher share of foreign-bom women do appear to earn higher incomes at the national level. This could be due to the increased participation of native-born women in the labour market due to immigrant women taking over childcare and household services (Furtado, 2015, Peri, 2014, see also Chapters 3 and 5). Furthermore, a significant and positive regional effect is observed when considering the impact on real wages of South African-bom workers - a one percentage point increase in the share of immigrants is associated with an almost 1% increase in the real wages of the native-born workers (Table 4.A2.1). By 2011, foreign-bom employment in agriculture and even more so in industry (including mining) decreased, and more foreign-bom workers became employed in the growing service sectors of the economy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Nonetheless, they have adopted measures to protect their domestic biofuel markets against imports. Tariffs on biofuel imports, for instance, reduce the cost-competitiveness of imported biofuels compared to domestic biofuels. Quality standards related to the production and fuel characteristics of biofuels also reduce export possibilities for some countries. These measures often prevent emerging and developing countries from exporting biofuels to industrialised regions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The difficulty lies in striking a balance between securing the participation of incumbent operators in a more regulated system and ensuring that conditions offered to operators do not compromise financial sustainability. Negotiations on bus reform are particularly challenging since incumbent operators have political clout and, as has happened in Rio de Janeiro, can potentially suspend all services to put pressure on the authorities. The negotiations with operators of Mexibus failed to incorporate enough microbus owners into the new system or to relocate them into feeder routes. Nonetheless, ensuring inclusion of incumbent operators also came at a significant cost for the project.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Abstract Given barriers generated by racism, direct appeals for political solidarity should resonate strongly among racial and ethnic groups. Yet, such appeals can be mitigated as those barriers are overcome and minorities assimilate into society. We examine the case of Mexican Americans during the Chicano Movement. At this time, many Mexican Americans were assimilating and finding a place in the social hierarchy while others argued against assimilation. An important example of racial identity politics came in 1972 when La Raza Unida Party [LRUP] fielded a candidate for governor in Texas. Counter to what standard theories of assimilation and acculturation would predict, Mexican Americans responded to this call for racial solidarity. Based on quantitative and qualitative evidence, we argue that the election revealed intense alienation among Mexican Americans from Anglo-dominated politics. However, Mexican American support for LRUP was uneven across Texas and reflected differing levels of economic attainmen...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Development of the tourism sector, including tourism housing (e.g. room and house rental), has significantly contributed to this growth. The manufacturing sector includes energy intensive industries, primarily the cement industry. A slowdown in this sector (associated with that in construction) and in overall manufacturing production (Table 1.1), together with efficiency gains in some manufacturing sectors (e.g. pulp and paper, steel), have reduced overall industrial energy consumption.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Such criminal organisations may exploit existing networks and trafficking routes developed for their illicit activities in trafficking drugs, arms and humans to also move endangered species. It first provides background about the recent trends on wildlife population declines, and the quantity of wildlife contraband reported, before pointing to reports on the geographic hubs and hotspots of wildlife trafficking routes. While poaching and wildlife trafficking occurs on every continent, a spike in the scale of poaching the African elephant and black rhino, in particular, calls for action to stem the role of transnational organized crime in these illegal markets, and to develop strategies to counter it before the species are lost to extinction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Of 30 contracts signed, 25 corresponded to a purely contractual PPP (concession) and 5 to institutionalised PPPs (mixed companies). The trend before 2004 should be treated with caution, as waste classification in Portugal was subject to change following the requirements of the EC Regulation on waste statistics (2150/2002/ EC). They integrate seven waste management units: classification (including laboratory), sorting and transfer, stabilisation, organic waste treatment, recovery of contaminated packaging, soil decontamination, physico-chemical treatment, and hazardous waste landfill.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) lays the foundation for a general system of morals, and is a text of central importance in the history of moral and political thought. It presents a theory of the imagination which Smith derived from David Hume but which encompasses an idea of sympathy that in some ways is more sophisticated than anything in Hume's philosophy. By means of sympathy and the mental construct of an impartial spectator, Smith formulated highly original theories of conscience, moral judgment and the virtues. The enduring legacy of his work is its reconstruction of the Enlightenment idea of a moral, or social, science encompassing both political economy and the theory of law and government. This 2002 volume offers a new edition of the text with clear and helpful notes for the student reader, together with a substantial introduction that sets the work in its philosophical and historical context.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Pension systems are a case in point, since they fail to recognize the time women have spent on caregiving activities. In terms of caregivers, it is worth reflecting on the circumstances and conditions in which social caregiving can effectively help to expand their life choices and well-being. Doing so brings in many related issues, such as the need for and the capacity to generate decent, good quality jobs (Sojo, 2011). This applies especially to universal access to specific services that meet certain quality standards, highlighting the significance of quality and the relevant rules and regulations. Thus, the advancement of the rights of women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons is viewed in terms of the relevance of the care and the quality of the services (Sojo, 2011, p. 59). El papel de las migrantes peruanas en la provision de cuidados en Chile, Santiago, Chile, UN-Women/LOM Editores.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Across political decision-making in South Africa, the 50 per cent target has only been achieved at the level of provincial premiers, followed by deputy ministers with 45 per cent women. However, in parliament, local government, cabinet, provincial cabinets and among chairs of portfolio committees, women now constitute 38 per cent to 44 per cent of the total. This leaves Deputy Speaker, Nomaindia Mfeketo, as the only woman in the top hierarchy of parliament.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Not only is this method more expensive for the public, but it also lacks treatment continuity (as a patient can see different doctors on different visits), and can generally harm overall clinic quality due to discontinuity. Meanwhile, these difficult working conditions can in fact discourage interested individuals from seeking a career in psychiatry, which would in fact work to remedy the root cause of these difficulties. Sweden’s most recent Mental Health Action Plan (2012-2016) aims to address these issues by increasing psychology training locations and creating psychiatry research posts (OECD, 2013). Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is one development used to a limited extent in Sweden in an attempt to provide services despite personnel shortages. Studies have shown that patients with panic disorder receiving this type of treatment do just as well as those receiving more traditional treatment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
New content included chapters in biology textbooks that describe the work of female scientists to illustrate women’s contribution to the progress of science. The sections entitled “Careers in Physics”, for example, cite women who have been successful in their fields of work. History manuals, too, discuss gender equality and the historical background to the changes in women’s traditional roles. One of the four key elements in the initiative is the expansion of Summer Schools for STEM students to include a greater number of girls and disadvantaged students. Under the National Innovation and Science Agenda (NISA), the Australian Government is initially investing AUD 13 million over 2016-17 to 2019-20 to encourage more girls and women to study STEM and pursue STEM-based and entrepreneurial careers. Opening Doors” is a project from the Institute of Physics that seeks to help schools and teachers counter gender stereotyping in STEM subjects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Unemployment fell by about 1.4 percentage points in the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Costa Rica, but rose by 0.8 percentage points or more in Cuba, Honduras and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. In nine of them, however, wage growth was lower than in 2009. The simple average of their inflation rates was 6.5%, or 2.8 percentage points more than in 2009.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The university’s expertise and facilities are in high demand among the local industries and agencies. The university’s commercial arm of the university, USAINS Holding Sdn. The environmental testing and analytical services use the equipment and facilities of various schools and centres such as the Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, School of Chemical Sciences, School of Physics and various schools and centres of the Engineering campus in Nibong Tebal, Penang. The university staff conducts environmental impact studies for various activities such as construction of dams and waste water treatment plans and flood mitigation designs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Important doctrines in diverse areas of law employ structured decision procedures requiring, in rough terms, that the plaintiff first make some demonstration of harm, if but only if that is done, the defendant must make some showing of benefit, and if but only if that occurs, balancing is performed. In-depth analysis of such protocols reveals them to be inferior to unconstrained balancing with respect to the quality of final decisions and the guidance they provide for the collection of information and, accordingly, the conduct of adjudication. This article applies this analysis to the rule of reason and merger regulation under antitrust law, Title VII disparate impact law, and the practices of strict scrutiny and proportionality analysis in constitutional law. Longstanding controversies are addressed and unappreciated deficiencies are discovered. In all three domains, existing law is cast in a substantially different light, both descriptively and normatively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Focusing on the period of dictatorship, this analysis explores Chilean feminists’ empowerment through international ties when feminism gained legitimacy as a vehicle for social change in the aftermath of the United Nations International Women’s Year in 1975. Centering on three types of encounters that marked women’s coalition‐building and their international ties, both personal empowerment and institutional change in defense of women’s rights are discussed. Chilean women participated in the United Nations International Women’s Conferences that accompanied the Decade of Women between 1975 and 1985. They also joined regional feminist conferences called Encounters, Encuentros, which were explicitly aimed at convening women in the Americas. Chilean women’s experience of international solidarity and exile encouraged many to reconsider their own roles in their native society. In the course of military rule and re‐democratization, Chilean feminists connected these experiences to domestic feminist activism and se...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Please note that this table of challenges and response options is not exhaustive and stakeholders may find other more relevant issues within their national contexts. Governments should therefore support NFPs and other key stakeholders engaged in the implementation of the Biodiversity-related Conventions in enhancing their understanding of environmental expenditure and its effectiveness in their country (and potentially region), and by facilitating their engagement in ongoing processes related to biodiversity financing. Further benefits potentially arising include more efficient use of available resources, and identification of joint activities and relevant funding sources (see section 2 on institutional arrangements).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The current state of water bodies has adverse effects on the environment (poor water quality, reduced stream flows, drying up of wetlands), adds costs to the provision of water services (as water has to be treated before it can be used), and threatens the economic viability of farming. Currently, 91.3% of the population has access to drinking water services and 89.9% has sanitation coverage. Considering the current coverage and future population growth projections, in the next 20 years Mexico will need to provide an additional 36 million inhabitants with drinking water services and 40 million with sanitation services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In stark contrast with the paths open to middle- and upper-class young people, early emancipation is common among those from low socio-economic strata. In the higher strata, socialization and the availability of material resources facilitate the adoption of patterns of deferred gratification that favour putting off entering the labour market, starting a family or becoming a parent. This is seen more clearly in figures 1.12 and 1.13, which provide a snapshot of the major differences in the emancipation paths followed by men and women in different social strata according to the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the country in question.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Chung (2015), who analysed data for Viet Nam’s 63 provinces from 2006 to 2010, likewise showed that investment in infrastructure helped reduce poverty rates. Investment in infrastructure can spur local development (cont.) In the province of Papua, the proportions drop to 29.6% and 19.4%, respectively, compared to more than 99% in both measures in the province of Bali (OECD, 2018a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Ce document est le premier a donner une vue d’ensemble du niveau des remunerations dans la finance et de leurs implications pour les inegalites des revenus du travail dans les pays europeens. Neanmoins, sa taille relativement modeste fait que son impact sur les inegalites de revenu est reduit, mais visible. Les simulations realisees montrent que cet impact s’explique essentiellement par les remunerations et les primes versees par les etablissements financiers, superieures a celles des salaries au profil comparable des autres secteurs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The country only exploits the basin's water resources for small-scale agricultural activity and domestic use. It diverts water at the confluence of the Adhaim and the Aq Su Rivers. The scheme diverts floodwater from the Tigris through the 64 km Tharthar Canal to the Euphrates River. Box 4).42 Iraq constructed several other canals in the Tigris Basin, including the East al Gharraf Drain and the Tigris East Drain, for the purpose of land reclamation and drainage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Previous studies show a lack of deference and activities when it comes to women's human rights and gender equality in the multi-level governance of the Arctic. According to the Committee on the Eli ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This approach has been adopted in Britain since the 2000s, for example through the idea of “mral mainstreaming” (Shortall and Alston, 2016, OECD, 2011).1 It is also evident in Finland, in its cross-sectoral Rural Policy Committee. As discussed in Chapter 1, the ways in which mral areas are defined is therefore particularly important for the design of such interventions. In aiming to integrate different sectoral policy interventions, broad mral policies may address geographies beyond just mral.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The types or regulatory tools that are needed in most capture fisheries are those that reduce the level of fishing pressure and promote flexible adaptation to change. Reducing fishing pressure can be accomplished through actions to reduce fishing capacity, eliminate harmful subsidies and reduce fishing effort. It is also accomplished through a precautionary ecosystem approach to fisheries management and targeted financial instruments to create incentives to switch to low-impact gear (FAO, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The author analysis the growth of global terrorism and activities of terrorist groups in contemporary world. Focusing on the ethnic and religious background of many terrorist groups, global terrorism, author argues, claims to be a powerful partner in new global conflict, gradually growing into national movements which could be supported by large ethnic, religious or racial communities across the world. Terrorist groups took its driving power and encouragement from the ideas and goals of the main group which principally lies in social injustice or economic inequalities of marginalized large social groups. Their links with ethnic, religious or social background pose the greatest potential threat to states with unstable economies, political turmoil, religious-ethnic hatred and with large-scale immigrants.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In addition, air emissions can be more easily happed by dense urban construction and thereby lead to higher pollution concentrations (Gaigne et al., The environmental Kuznets’ curve (EKC), which gained recognition during the 1990s, is at the heart of this debate. Selden and Song (1994) were the first to study the environmental Kuznets’ curve empirically.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Measurement errors are assumed low with the large sample and potential omitted variables are assumed to be covered by proxies - e.g. human capital can be taken into account with educational variables. Positive (need of money) or negative (domestic tasks) family constraints are considered via household variables: income per capita, share of unemployed men, number of children of each age class. Also the study covers married women only.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For example, in Equatorial Guinea a dramatic increase in trafficking of women and children for domestic and sexual exploitation was associated with these industries (US Department of State 2011). In addition to fishery and livelihood issues, oil spills have highly gendered health implications. Following the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska in 1989, women were particularly subject to high levels of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, as were Native Americans of both sexes (Palinkas ef al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
However, in Kazakhstan, it is closely associated with poverty and lower income levels (World Bank, 2016b). While unemployment rates are relatively low and do not vary much across Kazakhstan’s monotowns, self-employment may be a more appropriate indicator for identifying monotowns with a depressed labour market.43 A high level of self-employment is highly correlated with lower average wages across Kazakhstan’s monotowns44 and urban areas as a whole. The 27 monotowns accounted for 14% of Kazakhstan’s urban population at the beginning of 2016, but almost 19% of the urban population in 1999.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)