albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Because of this inherent tension, the scalability of public-private partnerships bringing together public transport with other mobility services may be compromised beyond a limited set of innovators and small- to medium-sized pilot programmes. They provide the framework for successful public transport directed at economic, social, and environmental value for citizens and business" (UITP, 2009). Conceptually, this model provides greater flexibility for integrating new types of services into the urban mobility mix.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This evolution is marked by an increase in the population living in urban areas: 1.215 million (52.7 per cent) at the end of 1997 and 2.131 million (68.3 per cent) at the end of 2016. In 2016,67 percent of the urban population live in Ulaanbaatar. Conversely, the population living in rural areas has decreased, it was fewer than 1 million (993,862) in 2004 and remained under 1 million (988,112) at the end of 2016.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The Power plant study highlights future changes associated with the actual power plant, such as technique and maintenance. The final element, Distribution, allows the study of aspects and changes in the transmission and distribution network, like future changes in seasonal energy consumption needs. Each part can be affected in a specific way due to the changing climate and it therefore makes sense to examine the parts separately.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Regarding effectiveness, the bulk of the survey respondents indicated that the Global Gender Team was very effective/effective in carrying out its functions.72 Nevertheless, given the increase in duties and reduction of posts, it is unclear whether the team has the capacity to fully carry out its functions. Evidence suggests that the majority of country offices have received support from gender practice leaders and that this guidance was valued. For2012-2014, this aspect was rated as “approaches requirements”.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
When coordination and informal mechanisms to enforce contracts are unaffordable by the companies providing such credit, high rates of loan non-repayment have been witnessed as farmers engage in side-selling of the concerned commodities to other high-bidding buyers at harvest, instead of the company that has pre-financed the agricultural inputs (Delpeuch and Vandeplas, 2012). As a result the sustainability of the contacts is reduced, related risk premiums rise and contract farming loses ground. Reliable warehouse receipts are important trading instruments allowing the transfer of ownership without physical delivery, encouraging the use of warehouses for storage thus reducing postharvest losses which can be quite high at the smallholder level due to theft and spoilage, and providing a means for promoting quality control and assuring grain quality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The latest benchmarking report was published in 2013. It was believed that operating at the larger scale would: i) increase efficiency (scale economies), it) enable specialised and improved supervision (corporate governance), iii) help better comply with environmental regulation, and iv) foster policy coherence with an objective of more than one drinking water company per province. Several of the ten remaining drinking water companies are discussing new mergers, possibly resulting in still less utilities in the next few years (De Witte and Dijkgraaf, 2010). Also the directors of the Dutch Central Bank and the Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis are Crown members (SER, 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In the United States, city and regional planning, land use management, and implementation of urban planning principals are predominantly undertaken by state and municipal governments. The US federal government structure assigns most responsibilities to state governments, other than those which are reserved for the federal government, including constitutional issues, inter-state issues, and foreign affairs, foreign trade, defence, military, etc. This allows for both local and direct rule - where decision makes are more directly connected to the residents they serve, allowing them to be better aware of local conditions and more responsive to local needs and concerns. This also allows for a variety of initiatives, policies, and levers to be developed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Summary  Social service contracting between governments and nonprofit organizations has received increasing popularity in China and has aroused enthusiasm in engaging nonprofit organizations in governance issues. This study argues that service contracting, driven by New Public Management tenets, may unexpectedly evolve toward collaborative governance (CG) by creating and consolidating necessary conditions of CG. Practices in Shanghai present evidence that governments and contracting nonprofits jointly make decisions, enforce regulatory functions, set rules, and improve community governance. The analysis shows that over time contracting may lead to generation of mutual trust, acquisition of governing resources, and consolidation of collaborative accountability. The evolutionary perspective provides not only a contingent way to develop CG in a context of heavy social control but also a theoretical link between New Public Management and New Public Governance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
International Handbook on the Preparation and Development of School Leaders, Routledge, New York, London, pp. Teacher and Leader Effectiveness in High-Performing Education Systems, Alliance for Excellent Education, Washington DC, Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education, Stanford, California. Evidence from Michigan school districts”, Leadership and Policy in Schools, Vol. The information was supplied by countries through a questionnaire specifically developed by the OECD Review.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
When products from sustainably managed forests replace products from nonrenewable resources, this may reduce carbon emissions, particularly in the case of energy intensive materials such as steel or concrete. Substitution of nonrenewable energy sources by renewable energies reduces carbon emissions. However, for both products and energy, the carbon benefit of substitution varies widely according to the pathway chosen, and must be analysed in detail using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The time profile of carbon emissions, with a large emission at harvest, compensated by gradual sequestration over the rotation is also an issue.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The broad waste categories frequently used in waste statistics, such as municipal, industrial and hazardous waste, combine many waste materials into categories based on the similarity of their collection, treatment and disposal. The amount of waste generated can be estimated with high reliability when the waste management system is well developed and covers all waste. Hazardous waste is a special group of waste that, due to its toxic or other hazardous character, requires special management and is controlled by law in many countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The organisation provides training mainly to improve technical and engineering skills. The degrees are awarded by the Multi-media University of Malaysia. Apart from the training provided in technical and engineering areas, the PSDC also provides language training to improve the employability of the trainees in the business sector, since on the whole graduates have a poor level of English.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Starting in 1998, trees have been planted within a total area of over 43,000 ha. According to recent presidential resolutions and decisions, work is scheduled to continue until 2020. One of the objectives of BSAP, namely preserving the current state of tracts of forest and restoring 10 per cent of the area in question by the end of 2010, involved 35 types of initiatives and 110 measures. One goal was to preserve and restore the most valuable forests, from both an environmental and economic point of view, formed of saxaul, juniper and fruit and nut trees (pistachio and walnut).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
To the extent that the age terms capture an individual’s work experience, this suggest that work experience plays a larger role in lower-paid jobs and/or that seniority pay is more prevalent in these types of jobs. First, via a composition effect a rise in the share of highly-educated (high-wage) workers raises earnings inequality up to a certain point, but will then lower it as fewer low-education (low-wage) workers remain. Second, a rise in the share of highly-educated workers alters the returns to education, with the direction of the change depending on many factors such as the substitutability between low- and high-education workers. The empirical evidence indicates that policies to increase upper-secondary graduation rates (e.g. by providing support to pupils at risk in order to reduce drop-outs) should reduce earnings inequality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The Pole metropolitain remains the dominant governance structure as the forum for large and small communes and the complex array of current intercommunal agreements, but it has neither the resources nor the authority to directly engage in spatial planning. Both are important in order to maintain territorial attractiveness, to attract new, younger people and to avoid an acceleration of population ageing. Achieving a better spatial balance in economic activity is also crucial.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Based on this, the central government selected several sites for wind farms. However, as the production of RE does not represent a concrete advantage for the host communities, they oppose it. Wind installations are considered harmful to landscape amenities, which support an increasingly important tourism industry, and there is a general perception that negative externalities are not being compensated for. As a result, it can take up to 10 years to deploy wind farms in Troms County.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In addition, the rate of automation of jobs is steadily increasing in both high and low-wage countries. The aim is no longer only to provide a basic education for all, but to provide an education that will make it possible for everyone to become "knowledge workers". Such education will need to build the very high-level of skills required to solve complex problems never seen before, to be creative, to synthesise material from a wide variety of sources, to see patterns in the information that computers cannot see, to work with others in productive ways, and to be able to both lead and to be a good team member when necessary. This is what is required in today's "flat" world - where all work that cannot be digitised, automated and outsourced can be done by the most effective and competitive individuals, enterprises or countries, regardless of their location.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The cloud is enabling new innovations across society and the economy, at all levels, for everyone. Everything becomes a computing device, a connected device -be it a car, a fridge, or a pair of glasses. This new dimension of connectivity opens the way to massive, unlimited possibilities. Apps and m-services are empowering citizens to innovate and engage in all aspects of life irrespective of time, distance and location.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Most countries in the region have also set national renewable energy targets. To achieve these, a range of policy support measures for renewable energy projects is being used in the region, including feed-in tariffs (FITs), tax relief, capital subsidies, public investment, loans and grants auction schemes, and others. Among the main obstacles remaining are challenges in grid access, administrative barriers and energy pricing (OECD, 2017). Across Emerging Asia, TPES in kilotonne of oil equivalent (ktoe) per unit of GDP fell by 29.8% between 2000 and 2015.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Note these figures also reflect health spending by non-health departments, such as education and defence. For example, the under-five mortality rate has nearly halved, from 75 children per 1000 live births dying before the age of five, to 41 deaths per 1000 live births in 2014. Figure 2 shows this declining trend in under-five mortality rates alongside growth in real health spending per capita. Life expectancy has also increased in recent years, following a period of falling life expectancy during the height of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 1990s and early 2000s.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
They do not have as strong a transformational potential as electricity. In the case of industry and its manufacturing subsector structural transformation, TPES brings about structural transformation, which is explained by the fact that in these sectors the share of modern forms of energy in TPES is larger than in other types of economic activity or in households. Modern energy contributes to structural transformation of the sector in LDCs, while there is a reciprocal causality in the case of total energy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This provides additional time for physicians to spend on those medically complex patients with multiple chronic conditions. Some OECD countries have embraced the expansion of the workforce to include these personnel. Physicians, nurses, and other health professionals need to enter an environment that promotes the skills they leam in clinical training. Updating the education curriculum will not be very effective unless: 1) the research infrastructure creates the evidence base to guide education and patient care, 2) the payment and delivery systems help them administer the types of care they are trained to deliver, and 3) the quality metrics measure what they are being trained to provide.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Avoid” or “reduce” the need to travel and the trip length, by improving the efficiency of the overall transport system through integrated land-use planning and transport demand management, e.g. through compact, mixed-use development planning, traffic restrictions, mobility management and marketing, and national subsidies for low-carbon transport metropolitan design and planning. Shift” or “maintain” tools, to improve trip efficiency by encouraging modal shift to low-carbon transport modes such as public transport, e.g. through parking restrictions, road space allocation, public awareness campaigns on alternatives to private vehicles, procurement of public transport. Improve” fuel and vehicle efficiency and technologies, e.g. through vehicle standards, speed limits, labelling of vehicles’ environmental performance and fiscal incentives for electric or hybrid vehicles.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
However, substantial declines in remittance inflows created serious difficulties for the poor households that, over the years, had come to depend on remittances as a way of coping with poverty. Much of the rapid economic growth in these countries prior to the global economic crisis came through increased external integration, mainly through trade and investment, particularly in natural resources and remittances. During the crisis, despite rising protectionist pressures and temptation to reverse externally oriented growth policies, the Asia Pacific LDCs generally maintained their commitment to keeping trade, investment, finance, and labour markets open. Moreover, reforms to improve the business climate and encourage FDI inflows continued.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The reference period to identify a collective redundancy was also shortened from 90 to 30 days, even if the size threshold was also reduced from 20 to 10 dismissed workers. In the United Kingdom, an amendment of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 was approved early in 2013. It stipulates that fixed-term contracts not terminating for reasons of redundancy are no longer included in the provisions on collective dismissals.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
It is also worth noting that the ministries concerned by the budgetary allocations for the Plan implementation were only DURSI and the Ministry of Labour and Industry (DTI) and do not include other sectoral ministries such as those of Agriculture and Health under the aegis of which are conducted important S&T activities in public research institutions.21 This suggests that the integration process pursued by the Plan was not completely achieved, possibly due to inertia in governance structures and budgetary allocation procedures. These objectives are supported by two sets of programmes aimed at strengthening the S&T and innovation system as a whole, as well as promoting an innovative culture across the Catalan society. There is also a set of strategic actions aimed at fostering the Catalan capacities in key technologies or sectors deemed to have large spillover effects in the regional economy (see Table 2.3). (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Few of the region’s wastewater treatment plants function on a regular basis. As a result, the region’s water sources are reportedly highly contaminated and worsening (Iracheta Cenecorta, 2012). The Puebla-Tlaxcala metropolitan zone is no exception to this trend, and there is also evidence to suggest that urban sprawl may be a more prominent phenomenon in Puebla-Tlaxcala than in other metropolitan zones in Mexico.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This is also supported by the growing practice of monitoring children’s views. Research emphasises and countries’ experiences confirm the importance of carefully selecting the tools used and ensuring that they are appropriate to the age and development of the child. The tools best suited to inform everyday staff practice may well be different from those needed to collect data to inform policy decisions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
For this reason, a number of limitations in IMPACT’S economic module need to be highlighted in the context of the present work. As a consequence, scenarios for the (long-term) future cannot be seen as forecasts and should be interpreted with caution. The actual effects of exogenous shocks such as climate change may be quite different from the results produced by these models. Furthermore, the exact behaviour of farmers, industries and consumers in the future is impossible to predict, and technological developments may occur differently from current expectations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Some also target a mix of farms, big villages and small towns all of which call for different technologies. In fact, rural electrification policies are shaped according to the various energy needs, resources and target groups. Electrifying the suburb of a major Indian city obviously poses problems that are different from those of a remote village in China. Remote or rural regions lacking electricity supply are often characterised by well identified challenges. They may lie at a reasonable distance from national or regional electricity grids (remote villages in the Amazon), may be difficult to access (far from urban centres with a difficult terrain such as large rivers or jungles), or may suffer harsh climatic conditions that render electrification through grid extension a perilous task. Rural communities are also often highly dispersed with a low population density and characterised by a low level of education, low load density generally concentrated at evening peak hours, and low revenues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Feminist theory has revealed the distance between normative discourses about equality and day-to-day interactions, highlighting the existence of numerous enclaves in which inequality is reproduced, most particularly the consideration of the other as inferior in status and rights. In fact, feminism has made a particular contribution to the development of autonomy with mutual recognition, emphasizing both the processes whereby autonomy is acquired and developed and the circumstances of oppression and domination apparent in the social relationships enshrined both by institutions and by intrafamily ties. At the same time, feminist thinking has indissolubly conjoined the ideas of equality and liberty, distribution and recognition as principles and objects of development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Other large-scale variable renewable facilities could also participate in the energy market by providing a dollar per MWh bid, below which they are no longer willing to generate. This implies an adaptation of the design of renewable support instruments. Defining flexibility products such as ramping up and down, fast response ramping, minimum load balancing, etc.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It was estimated that approximately 300-400 tons of soil per annum are lost due to soil erosion by water. The intensity of soil erosion by water is mainly related to vegetation cover, surface slope, soil development and rainfall erosivity. The intensity of soil erosion by water is slight in the Great Lakes Depression, Valley of the Lakes and the eastern parts of Gobi with low mountains and depressions, which account for 92 per cent of the total areas affected by soil erosion by water. Severe soil erosion by water occurs in mountainous regions and along piedmont, especially in Mongol Altai, Gobi Altai and the Gobi-type piedmonts and southern parts of the Khangai and Khan Khukhii Mountains, which account for 4 per cent of the total areas affected by soil erosion by water.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The responsibilities of waste collection companies are defined in their annual working plan, which is approved by the municipality. Podgorica created the company Cistoca, which is providing collection of non-hazardous municipal waste, cleaning of public areas, collection and transport of recyclables, operation of an animal shelter and maintenance of public toilets. Similar companies operate in Herceg Novi, Kotor and Ulcinj.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
A worsening external environment dampened demand for mining, quarrying and metallurgy products, and poor weather conditions weighed down the growth of agricultural output. Available from http://ceicdata.com (accessed on 30 March 2013), and Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Reports. Remittance inflows from Italy, Greece and the Russian Federation, the main destinations for Georgian workers, also slowed but held up relatively well.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Commercial waste, street sweepings and ash were not included in this analysis. These show comparable results, differing only in metals fraction, because the EcoPark study also included waste separation and recycling data. Construction waste is normally found in MSW in a share lower than 1 or 2 per cent, therefore, it was excluded from data reported by Batbileg et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The goal is to work more closely with community partners to meet the diverse needs of families in need of support. The programme is being expanded to 15 more communities and organisations throughout the province. Several teachers we met discussed the strain teachers face in isolated settings and an increasing focus on the mental and physical health of teachers. One approach being developed is the Mindfulness programme, which is accessible online to all teachers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Some cultural practices like FGM, early marriages, polygamy and multiple sexual partners also make women in this community more vulnerable to the infection. The provision of HIV testing, treatment and care services is made difficult by the harsh terrain, long distances to facilities and low literacy levels. Most of these areas are served by faith-based organizations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)