albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
With regard to qualifications, the question of the cross-border validity of learning certificates for students has now been covered in some depth in the literature and policy recommendations made, most relevantly in the IIEP publication Certification Counts (Kirk, 2009). However, cross-border portability of teachers’ qualifications is not included in that study (although it notes that similar issues apply). Similarly, although field guides and minimum standards for education in emergencies address the question of curriculum and whether the host country or source country curriculum should be followed for students, there are no agreed international standards for teacher training curriculum content, or on related professional standards. However, these do not cover non-Commonwealth countries (as noted above, there are currently a number of Commonwealth countries sheltering refugees from non-Commonwealth countries), nor do they take into account the special circumstances of education in emergencies, where teachers may arrive without their certificates, having left home precipitously.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
At the same time internal transparency through environmental management accounting started to increase with a business rationale to improve efficiency and reduce costs, in relation to using natural resources, reducing emissions to air, water and soil, as well as in reducing waste. More recently companies increasingly see the relevance of sustainability for their long term business continuity and identify sustainability challenges as a business growth driver. They even transform their business to address such business opportunities. The company, DSM, active in health, nutrition and materials, for example, is not only changing from a chemical company to bio-based solutions, but also focuses its business activities much more on nutrition, as this will be a major global challenge.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
In the five countries measures have been taken to extend maternity leave to the most vulnerable groups of workers, broaden expectations of early childhood care and education services as a right for children, and regulate paid domestic work. These are very important measures for lower-income women and thus positive from the point of view of public policymaking for socioeconomic equity. Over the long run, from the point of view of the families hiring this type of labour, such measures should also create the conditions to push the State to design better sequential and defamilializing measures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Management of MPAs typically involves zoning different areas with varying types or levels of permitted use, including fishing. In Mauritania, the Banc d’Arguin MPA is partially closed to fishing, allowing only the park residents (the Imraguens) to fish with small sailboats (Guenette et al., Many MPAs in the ecoregion also include areas that are strictly closed to fishing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The Chinese EERE credit line launched in 2006 aims at stimulating small-scale EERE investments in the corporate sector in order to help reach the government’s energy efficiency targets. The €60mln AFD concessional loan (Euribor - lOObp) to the Ministry of Finance of China was on-lent to three second-tier commercial banks: Hua Xia, China Merchants Bank and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank. The loan is complemented by a €600.000 TA package aimed at building up participating banks’ capacity and funding a Beijing-based advisory team (staffed with Chinese personnel) which advises banks on project eligibility and technical aspects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This mode is also prominent in Lori. This shows that whereas the majority of the population receives both water and sewerage services from the WSCs, the majority of territorial units (and about 20% of the population) fall under “Mode 5”, w'hich means that households get water services from their local government and have on-site sanitation facilities. Private sector participation contracts will end in 2015 and it is planned that new contracts will be signed to start in early 2016. Local governments have not formed separate units (i.e. legal entities) to manage sanitation services and they frequently do not charge for the sanitation services that they provide. They do not have sufficient resources to provide guidance and oversee the activities of entrepreneurs servicing individual households, including septic tank builders and emptiers. Finally, they have great difficulties to attract external funding for investment, from both public and private sources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Over the five-year period from 2010-2015 the total area lost is equal to about 49,000 km2 of primary forest, an area equal to nearly one third of the world's total loss of primary forests during the same period. Primary forests are particularly important to biodiversity as they are exclusive habitats for many animal and plant species that cannot survive in planted forests or other types of environments. Primary forests comprise forests and other wooded land home to native species where there are no clearly visible indications of human activity, and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Along the Texas and Louisiana shelf of the Gulf of Mexico, interannual variation in landings of brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus) is negatively correlated with size of the hypoxic zone (O’Connor and Whitall, 2007). However, Texas fisheries regulations may contribute to the apparent strength of this correlation as fishing is prohibited on the inner shelf that serves as a refuge from hypoxia during much of the summer when northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxia is most extensive. Hypoxia already forces movement of wild stock from large areas both inshore and offshore and at times can cause extensive mortality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The use of this multidimensional approach to poverty analysis has become consolidated in a number of spheres. Since 2011, the indicators in the Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) have included the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) based on a proposal by Alkire and Santos (2010), which combines 10 indicators to reflect deprivations in the three traditional dimensions of human development (health, education and quality of life) in 104 countries (see box 1.3 in chapter I). This is considered the first scientific estimate of child poverty in the developing world (Expert Group on Poverty Statistics (Rio Group), 2007).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Israel could establish a special regional investment fund (funded from public and private resources) to provide funding for building HEI capacity for regional engagement and provide incentive funds to institutions and individual faculty members for regional initiatives. These could emphasise increasing tertiary education access and opportunity for the region's population (especially target populations), engaging faculty members and students in teacher/learning and applied research projects related to regional priorities. Kentucky Regional Stewardship and various programmes provided by the Higher Education Funding Council in England (HEFCE) provide examples. Its focus should be on community-based medical education and new forms of health care delivery as well as generating of innovations that link Israel’s IT leadership with effective health care delivery (telemedicine and individualised computer-based medical records systems).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Mental health legislation, policy and practice can affect human rights (Dudley et al., 2012). This intersection of human rights and mental health has been a subject of considerable attention recently. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), 2006 highlighted the issue of human rights of people with mental disabilities by including mental disabilities in its ambit. It is imperative for the profession of psychiatry to adopt human rights discourse into its training, practice and language, to champion the goals of mental health promotion and advocacy. This would involve a comprehensive understanding of contemporary human rights framework adopted by the CRPD and its implications for involuntary treatment and economic, social and cultural rights of people with mental disabilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Thus, microfinance is having a modernizing impact, even if that impact is inadvertent, unacknowledged and unsung. The borrowers learn some basic principles of business, and with luck—and perhaps some help—may be able to become more viable and even expand. Microfinance also gives the unemployed and people living in poverty some opportunities, hope and self-esteem.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
It would not have happened had the same government, in power for over four decades, not taken a total approach on the long-term consequences of its economic and environmental policies. This shift has occurred in response to rising labour costs as well as government policies to encourage C02 reduction. Since 2007, the government has continued its efforts to curb C02 emissions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Malnutrition and childhood illness compromise cognitive development and reduce adult productivity. When health systems fail to prevent illness, society pays a price in the form of treatment costs and lost productivity. Conversely, improved maternal and child health and nutritional status can create a positive cycle, enabling children to realize their potential and helping their communities and countries to prosper. The spending packages would cover maternal and newborn health, child health, immunization, family planning, HIV/AIDS and malaria, with nutrition as a crosscutting theme.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Urban areas are areas that require systematic development, maintenance, management and conservation of areas where population and industry are or are expected to be dense (Article 6 of the National Land Planning Act). Therefore, the areas that are not systematically developed and dense are non-urban areas, in other words, rural areas. From the agricultural policy perspective, the Framework Act on Agriculture, Rural Community and Food Industry defines “rural community” in line with the act’s objectives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The conclusion is that the evolution of the two components of the greenhouse gas intensity measure should be separately identifiable. The ratio itself could give an indication about the greening of production and about structural economic shifts, but not necessarily about the greening of growth. A decline in the emission intensity of production gives no indication of whether such a reduction has been achieved through genuine efficiency improvements or changes in the energy mix, or by substituting away from energy-intensive production through purchases of carbonintensive intermediate products abroad, among a number of other explanations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
While water experts seek an integrated approach, decision makers (with more political weight) tend to be focused on crisis management rather than risk management. While planning can be a powerful co-ordinating vehicle across ministries and levels of government, its potential has not been fully exploited in Brazil. The ongoing development of a multi-annual plan under the leadership of the Ministry of Planning provides a unique opportunity to bridge inconsistencies and minimise contradictory policies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Encourage various forms of mutually beneficial business partnerships. Indonesia has extensive experience in developing partnership arrangements between large investors in agriculture and smallholders acting as their suppliers. Contract farming is the most common partnership scheme, but mixed models are also widely used, with investments in a large-scale core enterprise at the centre involving out-growers under contracts to supplement core production. The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security provide useful guidance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
From 1995 to 2011, the number of power tillers increased from 9 900 to 188 500 and the number of water pumps from 107 800 to 178 424. The MOAI’s thirty-year Master Plan intends to mechanise 63% of the crop land by 2030. The Ministry of Industry is producing agricultural machinery, including tractors, power tillers, threshers, disc harrows, disc ploughs and machine parts. In 2007, it produced 11 650 pumping sets and 14 594 light agriculture machines. Until 2012, the MOAI was producing power tillers, reapers, threshers, trailers and machine parts and its Agricultural Mechanisation Department (AMD) was managing 99 tractor stations (retail outlets), five farm machinery factories and one farm machinery plant. In 2013, these factories as well as the production of farm machinery have been handed over to the Ministry of Industry and the private sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
At the same time, there is urgent need to expand access to modern sources of energy to meet the needs of a large proportion of people in some of the poorest countries, who depend on traditional energy sources to the detriment of their health from air pollution. In 2012 fossil fuels accounted for 81.7 percent of the global primary energy mix, while low-carbon nuclear power accounted for 4.8 percent, hydroelectricity for 2.4 percent, and biomass for 10 percent. Modern renewables jointly accounted for only 1.1 percent. ( International Energy Agency, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The delta area accounts for approximately 85% of the city’s area, which spreads out in such communes as Vinh Bao, Tien Lang, An Lao, Kien Thuy, An Duong, and the South of Thuy Nguyen. The delta area stands between 0.7 metres-1.7 metres above the sea level (City of Hai Phong, 2015). The city is vulnerable to flooding on a periodic basis, and tsunamis at any time, as well as being threatened over the longer term by sea-level rise, localised flooding due to more intense rainstorms (precipitation) and ocean storm surges.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Migration and ethnic minority integration remain heavily contested issues in numerous European countries. Over the past decade, researchers and political commentators have observed an apparent retreat from multiculturalist policies related to a belief that multiculturalism has lost support among the majority public. Recently, however, based on analyses of the evolution of migrant integration policies, it has been demonstrated that multiculturalist policies were largely left in place. To investigate the effect of multiculturalist policies on public opinion, we use a multilevel analysis of three policy indicators (Multiculturalism Policy Index, Index of Citizenship Rights for Immigrants–Cultural diversity, and Migrant Integration Policy Index) and European Social Survey data in 20 European countries. Results show that multiculturalist policies, as measured by Multiculturalism Policy Index and Index of Citizenship Rights for Immigrants–Cultural diversity, and migrant integration policies more generally, as m...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Across OECD countries, a more socio-economically advantaged student scores 39 points higher in mathematics — the equivalent of nearly one year of schooling - than a Iess-advantagpd student. In Portugal, the performance difference in mathematics is is 35 score-points. Together with Chile, Hungary, Luxembourg and the Slovak Republic, the relationship in Portugal between performance and socioeconomic status is significantly above the OECD average (OECD, 2014a). Portugal’s position contrasts to that of Italy, which, for example, showed a similar performance level and improvement in PISA results, as with Portugal between 2003 and 2012 (see Figure 9).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Time has been identified as being significant in the diffusion of innovations in three main ways (Rogers and Scott, 1997). First, the adoption or uptake of an innovation is viewed as a psychological process that evolves over time, starting with initial awareness and knowledge about an innovation that evolves into an attitude towards that innovation. This influences the decision as to whether to adopt or reject the innovation. It starts off slowly, with only a minority of departments and agencies adopting the innovation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The potential benefits of competence-based approaches are not always fully realised. Chapter 2 looks at the identity of professional education and training and proposes new terminology for the sector, it also argues for better data and a clear institutional base for provision. Chapter 3 examines the quality of programmes, and argues that measures in three areas - work-based learning, teacher preparation and career development, and attention to basic skills - would sustain and enhance quality. Chapter 4 looks at qualifications, and makes recommendations designed to make qualifications stronger, to make full use of competence-based approaches, and to strengthen assessment systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Third, the approach allow's the interdependencies between the different sectors to be explicitly modelled, to the extent that data permit. It compares rates of change of value added and employment in ocean-based industries betw'een 2010 and 2030. The compound annual growth rate for value added of the ocean-based industries combined between 2010 and 2030 is estimated at 3.45%, broadly in line with the anticipated compound annual growth rate for value added of the global economy. However, the total growth of employment (approximately 30%) in the ocean-based industries over the 20-year period is expected to outpace markedly the overall growth rate of the global workforce (approximately 20%).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
But the changes are slight, and Latin America is, in general, still a highly unequal region. Labour income inequality is directly related to job category. In most of the countries, a large share of all income is concentrated in a small segment of the population while the poorest receive a very' small proportion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
A larger share of climate-related development flows targeting the private sector is going towards climate change mitigation activities (i.e. those that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions) compared to adaptation activities. Mitigation activities comprise just under 80% of climate-related development finance supporting private sector engagement in 2013, while 11% targets adaptation, and a further 12% targets both mitigation and adaptation. This is roughly in line with the findings of other studies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The Comprehensive National Master Plan for Building, Development and Conservation, an overarching outline plan affecting biodiversity conservation, was approved in 2005. It establishes guidelines for the development of conservation worthy areas, including coastal areas. It also gives protection to landscape ensembles and to coastal, river and landscape strips (MoEP, 2008,2010a) (Box 2.4). Key sectoral national plans include: the National Master Plan for Forests and Afforestation, the National Master Plan for National Parks, Nature Reserves and Landscape Reserves, the National Master Plan for Coastal Areas, and the National Master Plan for Rivers and Drainage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The provision of this type of skill-specific information is more likely under conditions where a few large enterprises dominate production in a region. They are more likely to cooperate in identifying and coordinating skill requirements both in their own operations and in affiliated supply chains in order to efficiently transfer initial workforce preparation to the public educational sector. In a bid for more investment in this industry, Sonora won by having more qualified human capital which is crucial to the industry.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The twin concerns for inclusion and for a wider range of environmental issues might best be encompassed by agreeing on a set of principles and criteria. In a country where government still tends to lead in setting the overall development direction, the next national development plan, i.e. the successor to the GTP, should be treated as the principal vehicle for policy coherence and mainstreaming inclusive green growth. Hence CRGE aspirations and implications need to be taken up early in post-GTP planning. Furthermore, some policy constraints that block all of these will also need resolution: firstly, reforming land use planning policy so that spatial and sustainability matters can be considered together, and secondly, strengthening rights regimes for natural assets and carbon so they are equitable and support sustainable practice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Resolutions require 12 out of 15 votes to pass. The CMAP staff has diverse capabilities in comprehensive planning, data research and analysis, and many related disciplines. The CMAP has committees at the policy, advisory, co-ordinating and working levels that play integral roles in the agency’s planning processes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Cultural diversity often appears as a basic phenomenon in the contemporary globalized world. People who are culturally marginalized often claim various rights, such as language rights, rights of territorial autonomy, immigration rights, and environmental rights. Conflicts between majorities and minorities are therefore likely, and have indeed caused deadly violence all over the world. Will Kymlicka argues for a new liberal approach to resolve these issues in multicultural politics. He believes that a comprehensive theory of justice in multiculturalism should include universal human rights as well as certain “group-differentiated rights” for minorities. His arguments for group-differentiated rights, as he calls them, are founded upon on equality-based argument, history-based argument, and cultural diversity argument. This paper critically examines Kymlicka’s view of multiculturalism and minority rights, and explores some of his main critiques. It argues that while culture is important for individuals, multiculturalism should rest on the values of cultural diversity and geo-cultural identity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Of the countries where more than 40 percent of the population are living in extreme poverty, all but two are in Africa (Bangladesh and Haiti). Strong global growth in developing countries in particular created the conditions for the reduction by half of the proportion of extreme poor between 1990 and 2010, In a recent study of long-run growth in 118 countries, the strongest driver of poverty reduction among lowest-income earners was found to be increases in average GDP per capita, reinforcing the existing consensus on this relationship. However, both scenarios assume that the same relationship between per capita GDP growth and the decline in poverty is sustained — and there is evidence that this is unlikely. After poverty reduction reaches the majority of poor people close to the middle of national income distributions, poverty will fall more slowly for the remaining poor at the bottom of the income distribution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Local communities are not involved in all spheres of activity in a protected area. A more efficient system of long-term protection of the most valuable and most important natural areas characterized by a high degree of biological diversity, according to the existing environmental EU criteria and standards, is not established to ensure adequate protection of natural heritage. Data on biodiversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina are scarce, fragmented and often outdated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)