albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
If present in the conventional generating portfolio, nuclear power plants can compensate for the decrease of the electricity generation from wind and PV power plants. In the scenario without nuclear, mainly gas-fired power plants are used to replace the shortfall from wind and PV power plants. As expected, total electricity system costs are higher with lower availabilities of wind and PV power generation, since the electricity normally produced by low marginal cost technology must be substituted by more expensive technologies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
They hesitate to perform public duties late at night when an emergency arises, or when violent situations like mob fighting or communal violence erupt in their ward. When there is no domestic or party support to assist them, most of them find it difficult to attend to such emergencies. As a result, they are keen to protect their class interests rather than gender interests (Ibid.).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Their negotiation styles are more encompassing to include all the issues that affect men, women, girls and boys. Women have taken due advantage of political spaces to progress the interests of women and girls for political empowerment and socio-economic development. Women leaders tend to pressurise for amendments and the initiation of national laws and local policies for improved infrastructure, constitutional and legislative reforms to abrogate repugnant laws, and ratification of international resolutions for women's rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The non-poor population is divided into the vulnerable (persons whose per capita income is above the poverty' line but less than 1.5 times this threshold) and the non-vulnerable. Persons living in indigence are evenly divided between urban and rural areas, nearly three of every four non-indigent poor persons live in urban areas (see figure 2). Minors (aged 17 or under) make up 51% of the indigent population and 45% of the non-indigent poor. Inotherwoids, practically half of those living in poverty are children.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The amount is generally proportional to the amount of the loan with a minimum charge. Life and/or disability insurance is often optional, but recommended when available and is also included in the additional costs of the loan. The cost of making guarantees is the responsibility of the borrower. This cost varies with the type of security (pledge of the business, personal security, etc.)
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Only countries with over 1000 complete observations are included in the chart. The OECD-ORBIS Database is the output of treatment of raw data provided to the OECD under copyright by Bureau van Dijk Electronic Publishing. It contains structural and financial information for millions of companies worldwide.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In addition the PBC provides indirect allocations to colleges through its support of research funds in external research funding bodies. The block grants include a teaching component and a research component, but the research component applies only to universities. While the PBC establishes the enrolment levels at each institution for the purpose of allocations, institutions can enrol students outside these limits on a tuition fee basis within limits established by the PBC. The principal incentive for the colleges is negative: their exclusion from research funding.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Because this is a new commitment, the country is still in a learning phase. A critical analysis of the policies adopted so far, together with a look at the solutions implemented by other countries facing similar challenges, is therefore a helpful exercise in providing hints for the future of innovation policy in Panama. So far the country has put the focus on bridging the infrastructure gaps, by investing in creation of a metro-transport system in the capital and improving the physical, as well as digital, infrastructure for science and technology.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The microsimulation model currently projects health status and health status transitions at the individual level, and CBO is developing a methodology to project eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid at the individual level. Health status is linked to mortality, and further development will link health status to work, marital status, fertility, and federal health care expenditures (Topoleski and Manchester, 2009). The population changes through births, deaths and immigration.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The review report will be submitted to the second Asian and Pacific Energy Forum, to be held not later than 2018. Extend our deep appreciation to the Royal Government of Thailand for the excellent arrangements made for the Ministerial Dialogue and hospitality, as well as our thanks to the ESCAP secretariat for its support to the Ministerial Dialogue. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II. I, resolutions 1 and 2. In addition, as part of its technical cooperation programme through the Japan International Cooperation Agency and in cooperation with SIAP, the delegation announced its Government’s intention to provide fellowships for 86 participants in specific training courses on official statistics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
An article on the geographic reach of human rights obligations in international law and US constitutional rights in counter-terrorism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The IIC mentioned above has identified an unexpected benefit related to their programming and hiring practices, which gives some preference to applicants from local indigenous communities. What IIC has observed is that in addition to individual benefits related directly to their programme involvement, a meaningful number of these former staff and students have subsequently gone on to influential positions in their communities. With such relationships between the centre and nearby community leaders established over time, IIC is in a very good position to support broad and powerful community-based ESD within traditional channels. This programme has drawn participants from school-based eco-clubs which are common in the country, and is part of a tiered approach to ECHO’s work with communities that also includes the establishment of eco-teams involving adults and community leaders to support student and youth activities (Kaieteur News 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The second focuses on an analysis of the relationship between poverty and inequality. The third covers the literature on the relationship between economic growth and income inequality. These studies’ findings corroborate each other to the extent that they all indicate that, as noted by Araujo, Tabosa and Khan (2012), there are two fundamental factors at work: the average growth rate and the initial level of income inequality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Differences within countries can be greater than differences among countries. At 10, a girl is only beginning her journey through adolescence and into adulthood, and into a future that has the potential to be secure and successful. Every day, an estimated 47,700 girls are married at age 17 or younger in developing countries. When a girl is married, she will likely be taken out of school.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In addition, devising appropriate compensation and performance assessment schemes to improve the quality of health care services is of great importance. As noted above, the emigration of health workers poses an immediate challenge. Salary levels have been the main push factor for the emigration of health care professionals (Eke et al, 2011).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Transnational organised crime is a critical challenge to democratic governance and to transition and modernisation processes in many parts of the world. Responding to this challenge requires a comprehensive strategy that combines law enforcement and regulatory responses, such as enhanced intelligence analysis and intelligence sharing, state-building, and trans-state cooperation, with non-regulatory approaches, such as the extension of the strategy to civil society and the private sector. The latter would include changing cultural attitudes towards organised crime and corruption.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The report concluded that the industry would benefit through strategies to improve career development, training, the use of under-represented groups in its workforce and targeted regional solutions. The TEPs are the first of their kind in Australia. A TEP is a locally-led plan to respond to a region’s labour and skills issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The IPCC SRI.5 projects that, based on Member States’ current NDCs, the climate system is heading off track into the territory of 2.9°C to 3.4°C warming.317 If this happens, it would take future hydrometeorological hazard extremes well outside the known range of current experience and alter the loss and damage equations and fragility curves of almost all known human and natural systems, placing them at unknown levels of risk. This would render current strategies for CCA and DRR, in most countries, virtually obsolete. It also means that it is no longer sufficient to address adaptation in isolation from development planning, and that sustainable socioeconomic development, by definition, must include mitigation of global warming.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It is rolling out the upgraded family medicine ‘model practices' nationwide and has also increased medical training capacity, both to improve access to care in underserved areas and as a more efficient way of meeting need. Increasing the use of day care, further rationalising the hospital sector (and the oversupply of small regional hospitals), as well as improving the payment and procurements systems could all boost efficiency further. After years of delays and abandoned reform efforts, the government has made tangible progress with a new National Health Plan that sets out future directions. It is unclear whether proposals on longterm care will be supported, which aim to develop an affordable, effective and sustainable response to the needs of a rapidly ageing population.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Finally, the evolving global-trade architecture arising from the emergence of mega-regionals and the advent of developing countries as serious players in global trade are likely to be determining factors in future GVC participation. The resultant implications of these issues must be actively considered in the context of promoting inclusive, development-oriented GVCs. This inflicts serious disadvantages in terms of excessive trade costs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The imputation of components for students missing data on one component was done on the basis of a regression on the other two variables, with an additional random error component. Figure 1.6 presents the percentage of students performing below proficiency Level 2 for participating countries, including Mexico, as well as relative changes between 2003 and 2009. Mexico is one of the four countries that showed statistically significant increases in the percentage of top performing students, going from 0.4% in 2003 to 0.7% in 2009T The other three countries were Portugal with an increase of more than four percentage points to almost 10%, Italy with nearly two percentage points to 9%, and Greece with an increase of almost two percentage points to nearly 6%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Furthermore, Universiti Sains Malaysia’s School of Distance Learning was the first distance learning programme at the tertiary level in Malaysia. There is a lack of a region-wide co-ordinating structures and mechanisms to articulate a long-term vision and implement an integrated development strategy for all educational institutions. As a consequence, federal policy is vertically linked with each higher education institution with limited attention to horizontal relationships among institutions within a region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Given the large costs involved, it is vital to develop a coherent strategy for investment in this sector in which the cost and benefits of alternative approaches are carefully assessed and support is provided to municipalities. Implementation of the strategy should be carefully monitored and adjusted in the light of experience.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The most commonly observed species are members of the small tooth whales, e.g. harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncates) and white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) (Bjorge, Skern-Mauritzen, & Rossman, 2013). Larger tooth whales in the region include the killer whale (Orcinus orca), which are commonly observed along the coast. Occasionally sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) are seen offshore. Tooth whales feed mainly on fish, but are also known to feed on seal, octupus and shark.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The revelations of malpractice in a financial planning arm of one of Australia’s oldest banks led to an unprecedented public apology, further government enquiries and calls for a Royal Commission. This raises questions about the way in which large financial institutions ensure compliance with the law, and how financial advice is provided. It has highlighted tension between revenue streams from customers and advice for customers, and gaps between the rhetoric of governance and its practices. It also points to shortcomings in interactions between the corporate regulator and large financial institutions. This is one part of an unfinished story of how Australia is bringing accountability to organizations that deal in other people’s money. The relevant entities are Commonwealth Financial Planning Limited (CFPL) which reported through Colonial First State (CFS) to the Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This article marks an effort to extend Louis Dumont's concept pair of hierarchy and individualism towards a more realistic understanding of social formations. Dumont's work is reviewed along with his critics, and through a survey of contemporary ethnography a move towards a concept of totalization is suggested. It is argued that a view of totalization and detotalization provides a vocabulary for a re-establishment of the social for the discipline of anthropology.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This will happen, within varying time frames, as (a) country production flattens and falls and (b) continuing domestic consumption absorbs more of each country’s production. Some governments are questioning whether to “leave oil in the ground” now for production later which would delay and lessen the eventual changes needed to reduce dependence on the hydrocarbon sector. On the other hand, building up foreign investments can provide a strategic hedge against the uncertainties of future reserves and prices.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The budget balance is estimated to have fallen into deficit in 2012, although the target of having the budget deficit not exceed 1% of GDP was met. The fiscal surplus of Azerbaijan increased from 0.6% of GDP in 2011 to 1.3% of GDP in 2012 thanks to rapid revenue growth from the low base of 2011. The revenues continued to be heavily reliant on transfers from the oil fund, more than half of such transfers were directed towards social and infrastructure projects, such as the reconstruction of infrastructure damaged by the earthquake in early 2012.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
For example, adaptation benefits emerge from "good” development planning, whilst mitigation actions can provide energy access and security benefits and improve air quality and human health. Initiatives under the sustainability agenda emerging from the Rio+20 Summit, the post-2015 development goals and the three "Rio conventions” will need to be compatible, tightly inter-linked and mutually reinforcing. In recognising the links between environment and development, the new post-2015 development framework is expected to take the form of a set of Sustainable Development Goals (UNGA, 2013).1 The financing of these goals must be complementary to financing commitments under the Rio conventions to ensure co-ordinated action on development and the environment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This principle, however, could be stated clearly in all strategic government documents. In pursuing equal opportunities in government, Kazakhstan might adopt the 2015 “OECD Recommendation of the Council on Gender Equality in Public Life” to mainstream gender equality in the design, development, implementation and evaluation of relevant public policies and budget (OECD, 2016f). The Ministry of the Civil Service and its counterparts in subnational levels need to be staffed with experts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This renewed interest in keeping public stocks was furthered by the realisation that price spikes tend to coincide with low stock-to-use ratios (Wright, 2012). Even though international crop prices have mostly fallen back since 2011 and most export restrictive measures that partly caused the crisis are no longer in use, many developing countries keep building public stocks. This was for example the case with the intervention stocks that were created under the Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union (EU) during the 1980s-1990s.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
It is a useful tool for policymakers seeking to promote gender equality and improve women's well-being. Using a sample of 13,505 couples from the 2008 China National Time Use Survey (CTUS), this study examines the relationship between bargaining power and the amount of time allocated to household and care work and market work. It is found that wives spend a longer time working in a day (556 minutes) than husbands (520 minutes). The findings also show that the impact of bargaining power on women's time in unpaid work is complicated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
There are 161 species (including two subpopulations) listed as threatened (Table 10.1). The great majority of these, 126 species, are listed as Vulnerable (VU), with 27 considered Endangered (EN) and eight species listed as Critically Endangered (CE, a ray, three sharks, two fish and two marine turtle species). The full list of threatened marine species in the WIO is presented in Appendix 10.1.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Federal government policy has sought to direct overseas-trained GPs to more remote areas to fill workforce gaps. Overseas-trained GPs in Australia make up a higher proportion of the GP workforce in regional and remote areas and account for less of the workforce in major cities. A rural generalist programme enables GPs to be upskilled so they can perform some specialist roles including anaesthetics and obstetrics. The programme has expanded, and there is scope for the creation of more of these positions through rural generalist training pathways.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
A comprehensive meta-analysis of effectiveness of the collaborative care model in mental health showed that it significantly improved health outcomes. These are very substantial gains compared to common medical treatments. To take an example, the costs of the collaborative care model in treatment of depression include physician time, care manager services, specialty consultation, and registry-decision support.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Amin Amir is the most popular and prolific political cartoonist in modern Somalia. His work is disseminated digitally and in print across the Somali territories on a daily basis. His appeal to such broad audiences is remarkable given the extreme political fragmentation of the media environment and that his renderings of broad themes of Somali political discourse (as well as highly localised developments) are all transmitted digitally into the region from the diaspora. This article explores certain recurring discourses in these ‘texts’, including corruption, political violence, ‘clanism’, and endemic external interference in Somalia. Building on theories of popular geopolitics and diasporic civic agency, it argues that analyses of such material must be attentive to the particular political, linguistic and socio-cultural features of the cartoon form within distinctive media settings. Considering the technological context of these texts’ dissemination into dynamic public spheres of Somali political debate, i...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Instead they consider only the amounts of water used in production and consumption activities. Hence, ecological water footprint analysis is not sufficient for determining optimal policy alternatives, as it does not account for the opportunity (scarcity) costs of water resources and the ways in which water is combined with other inputs in production and consumption. Water footprints enable one to compare estimated water use per person or in aggregate across countries, but they are inadequate for evaluating the incremental costs, benefits, or environmental impacts of water use. Virtual water and water footprint concepts will be helpful in policy discussions in many settings, in combination with other environmental, economic, and social indicators.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Time will tell how an open, democratic and liberal society will protect itself from such abuses. The public governance model of ICTs should be therefore scrutinized openly and transparently in the pursuit of truly sustainable development. The reach and influence of ICTs in our individual lives are now so relevant that a whole new world of issues and topics on dealing with it will emerge.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
A second example in this category is New Zealand. On the one hand, service delivery and related infrastructure (municipal water supply and wastewater disposal) is generally undertaken by territorial authorities such as district and city councils, with the exception of large municipal areas where the regional councils may assist with bulk service delivery (e.g. Wellington). Alternatively, several territorial authorities may contract with the same Council-Controlled Organisation (e.g. Watercare in Auckland).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In 2001 this amounted to EUR 25 500. The organisation received additional revenues of EUR 18 100 from the community' budget. As a result, Morelos’ state policy for tourism has a very weak territorial development component. Two initiatives may be highlighted as exceptions: “Pact for Development of Altos de Morelos” and the Tourism Development Program of Southern Region of the State of Morelos (Gobiemo de Morelos, 2013b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Waara concludes that the gender identity of the youth contributes to their feeling of being in or being out of the local context. Thus, he finds that the young people, who have a traditional gender identity, to a greater extent, are involved in and connected to the local community, as opposed to the young people with a "modern" gender identity who display a weaker place attachment. Waara additionally concludes that young women feel more tied up with the locations and the gendered position they are offered, and that this contributes to their desire to move: "Insofar as young women have more "to gain" than young men by leaving the asymmetric gender roles, an explanatory dimension around the skewed sex ratio is established at the cultural level" (Waara 2003:198, own translation).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)