albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Countries that lack a workforce that is able to utilise IT instruments will find it increasingly difficult to keep up with the requirements for international trade. Better connectivity can, in turn, help LDCs increase education levels. A study by Schumann, R. and M. Kende (2013), found that large amounts of locally hosted content—such as educational and e-government services—are correlated with lower average costs of Internet service, improved quality of the user experience and increased demand.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The high rate of transmission of educational capital between parents and children and, hence, job opportunities, is one of the greatest influences on the glaring socioeconomic inequality and high levels of absolute poverty prevailing in most Latin American countries. In high-education households, on the other hand, both in higher and in lower per capita income countries, the incidence of extreme poverty is no greater than 10%. This shows that household educational capital is an appropriate dimension for identifying population strata with different probabilities of being extremely poor.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Subsequentlysection three reviews the objectives and instruments of alternative pension systems and the gender gaps that are currently found both in pension coverage and in the incidence of poverty in old age. Building on that, section four identifies the key sources of gender inequality in pension entitlements in a context of gendered labour markets and section five deals with gender gaps in defined contribution pension systems. Section six then briefly addresses the main reform directions afterthe global crisis and their likely impact on women’s pensions. Section seven is dedicated to non-contributory pensions, reviewing the development of these benefits around the world and the potential they have to address existing gaps in access to old age protection. Section eight discusses some of the most relevant components built into contributory pension systems to protect women in the family, including pension rights for widows, divorcees and caregivers. Finally, section nine summarizes the main findings and concludes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These day junior secondary schools are run by community groups and churches and assisted by government grants (WB, 2006c: 3). Almost 99 per cent of primary schools and 90 per cent of secondary and technical vocational schools in the country are in the NGO sector. Nearly 70 per cent of the schools in Fiji are committee-run.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Yet, the distance of the Gender Equality Unit from the apex of decision making has significantly curtailed its influence. It has been transferred to the Presidential Office of the Court to increase its leverage, but its influence on decision making is still uneven and depends on the personality of the President of the Court. Its task is to assess gender equality in the activities of the three branches of the judiciary (the Supreme Court, the Federal Judicial Council and Electoral Court) and play a co-ordinating role among the three branches of the judiciary. Parliament uses such gender-sensitive practices as flexible working arrangements and teleworking.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This project aims to protect vulnerable and important ecosystems and species living in the areas beyond national jurisdiction including the high seas and areas of the seabed beyond the continental shelf of coastal states. The area accounts for 40% of surface of planet, and 64% of the surface of the oceans, and nearly 95% of oceans’ volume. There are four sub-projects namely: (1) Sustainable Management of Tuna Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation in ABNJ, (2) Sustainable Fisheries Management and Biodiversity Conservation of Deep-sea Living Resources and Ecosystems in ABNJ, (3) Ocean Partnerships for Sustainable Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation-Models for Innovation and Reform, and (4) Strengthening Global Capacity to Effectively Manage ABNJ.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
However, the crisis has also resulted in a global push for sustainability frameworks for biomass production and use, a push for 2nd generation biofiiels and other advanced options that use lingo-cellulosic resources (residues from agriculture, forestry, marginal/degraded lands). Many market players now follow this development. The fact that several countries (e.g. Scandinavia) have demonstrated that forest supplies can be used sustainably and (cost)effectively for energy production is a key experience.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Sometimes secrecy in law is required to protect vulnerable witnesses or suppress sensitive evidence. However, particularly since the terror attacks of 11 September 2001, governments in liberal democratic societies have increased secrecy and the use of clandestine procedures under the pretext of safeguarding national security. In many instances, these developments have eroded civil liberties, infringed upon constitutional guarantees, and had negative effects on due process rights. In Australia, where individual rights and freedoms have only limited constitutional expression, it is hoped the doctrine of representative and responsible government will act as sufficient protection for human rights. Conversely, drawing on examples ranging from the regulation of immigration to the control of serious organised crime, this article proposes that escalating secrecy in the current era has a corrupting effect on democratic principles and the rule of law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Importantly, the results are robust to accounting for the country's level of development as a potential confounding factor (this is obtained in column 3, augmenting the specification by the interaction between PEB and the log of GDP in the country), and to accounting for possible underlying country-specific trends in inequality and educational achievements (col. Marginal effects obtained using estimates in col.1 of Table 3. Low PEB: neither parent has attained upper secondary education, Medium PEB: at least one parent has attained secondary and post-secondary, non-tertiary education, High PEB: at least one parent has attained tertiary education. The bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
A recent study by Casey ef al. ( Concerns about the health effects of fracking on women can be evaluated against the general understanding that health problems related to chemicals are frequently gender-differentiated, and that gender-differentiated data on these exposures is therefore badly needed (Labreche etal. The number of people without access to safe sanitation is unrecorded, but is likely to be several orders of magnitude higher.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
For comparison, the land requirements of today’s global fossil fuel infrastructure are less than 30,000 km2, which is about the size of Belgium (Smil, 2010b). Solar power reaches spatial power densities that are two orders of magnitude higher than for wind and three orders of magnitude higher than for photosynthesis. Solar power can in principle reach power densities commensurate with demand densities in houses and some smaller cities. However, industry, high-rise buildings and megacities (in which the majority of the worlds population will live) require even higher power densities than solar could offer.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Therefore, further analyses were undertaken using indexes of inequalities which overcome, at least in part, the problems just described. Disparities in drinking patterns related to education level and the socioeconomic status are assessed and gauged using the concentration index (Cl). This study uses the corrected Cl proposed by Wagstaff (2005) in order to take into account the bounded nature of the health outcome (e.g. probability of being alcohol consumer). The Cl is bounded between -1 and 1, with the sign indicating the direction of inequality -a positive index indicates that the well-off are less likely to be alcohol consumers (or hazardous or heavy episodic drinkers)9, a zero value indicates no inequality, and a negative index indicates that the well-off are more likely to be alcohol consumers (or hazardous or heavy episodic drinkers)10.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Another example is energy or water efficiency measures that provide short-term financial benefits for firms and households but also build systemic resilience to energy shortages (e.g. in the event of a disaster and ensuing power outages) (Pasquier, 2011, OECD et al., Additionally, inclusive economic growth itself will help to make countries more resilient, as increasing wealth and household income should improve people’s ability to cope with climate change impacts. Green growth policies need to take the reality of climate change into account in order to decrease the vulnerability of the economy, design growth policies that are sustainable in the long term, and offer alternative options to those who are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. As climate change makes it harder to achieve the economic, social and environmental benefits of green growth, adaptation to climate change and policies to manage the risks from natural disasters and extreme weather have a key role to play in safeguarding economic growth and development, and in achieving the economic, environmental and social benefits of green growth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The Jordan Valley Authority (JVA) manages water resources and provides bulk water in the Jordan Valley in addition to its other non-water responsibilities, such as tourism development in its geographic domain. The Ministry of Planning and International Co-operation (MOPIC) plays a role in facilitating the submission of project proposals to donors and in every aspect of donor funding to the sector. As in many countries, overall investment procurement takes place in co-operation between the Ministry of Planning and the Ministry of Finance under the supervision of the Prime Minister’s Office and Cabinet.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Along with expanding “new economy and green industries” through investments in renewable energy and in energy efficient technologies, addressing ecological imbalances of growth would also contribute substantially to reducing poverty in the LDCs. A key to addressing the LDCs’ ecological imbalances will be the implementation of technological innovations to reduce the adverse impacts of production and consumption activities on the environment and unsustainable pressures on natural resources. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCQ recognizes these constraints and stresses that developed countries need to provide support to LDCs based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Alternatively, the country may follow and adapt other ecosystem categories used internationally, such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment reporting categories. The broadest reporting categories used in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment32 are forest, cultivated, dryland, coastal, marine, urban, polar, inland water, island and mountain. As recognized by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, these ecosystem reporting categories can and do overlap, so countries may wish to decide as to the exact composition, inclusions and exclusions of the main ecosystems in accordance with national or existing international definitions. Ecosystem categories are complicated to describe because of considerations of scale. Ecosystems may be grouped alternatively into biomes, biogeographical regions, habitats or river basins/sub-basins. A biome is a distinct community of plants, animals or fungi that occupy a distinct region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Importantly, it also looks at the role of specific health system characteristics and policies to determine their importance in explaining cross-country variation in the quality of CVD acute care. It examines cross-country variation in recommended heart failure practice and analyses whether the degree of adherence can be explained by health system characteristics and policies. These data provide a comprehensive picture of health care expenditure, health care use and resources, lifestyles and risk factors, health care quality and health outcomes. The statistics that relate directly to CVD and diabetes care and outcomes provide the basis for the statistical analysis presented in this report.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This declining trend is observed in all OECD countries, reflecting the shrinking importance of the agricultural sector in the overall economy. Turkey and Korea stand apart with the weight of agricultural support, at 2.1% in 2011-13, more than double the OECD average despite the fact that these shares have substantially decreased since the 1995-97 period. For Tlirkey, this mostly reflects the share that agriculture occupies in the overall economy, which was 9% of GDP in 2012.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Odds ratios range between 1.34 in the UK and 2.14 in France. In other words, the proportion of overlap in itself does not provide a solid indication of risks towards double deprivation in any given country. Finally, deprivation of access to basic services appears to be least associated with deprivation in other domains. Only in the case of the UK, children are consistently at higher odds of experiencing housing or neighbourhood problems or financial strain when being deprived of access to basic services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
By contrast, the attendance rate (net) for the 3-to-6-year age bracket is much higher, although only in Cuba and Mexico does it approach universal. In Argentina, Colombia, Panama, Peru and Uruguay the range is 60% to 75%. At the lower end are, again, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay and the Plurinational State of Bolivia (ECLAC, 2011) (see figure 111.12).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Two weeks later, I heard from members of the Messawet group that Rubka was in the detention centre. Yafit was staying with Tete Mona, who now had another Ethiopian MDW working for her and looking after the day care. Rubka could be in detention for a while before she can return to Ethiopia with Yafit, as the time it will take to process her case is entirely unpredictable and contingent on the support of the Ethiopian Embassy in Lebanon. She is hoping that the Ethiopian Embassy will accept her claim that Yafit’s father has left the country and support ‘laissez passez’ papers for Yafit, so that he can leave with her once her deportation orders come through.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For example, the introduction of new taxes and charges or increases in existing ones in the presence of a trading scheme would simply reduce demand for permits and push down the equilibrium price for permits and leave the total level of emissions unchanged. This calls for relevant taxes and other measures to be designed in a manner that provides consistent incentives for pollution mitigation. A higher carbon price would thus be needed to meet the policy goal of substantially reducing carbon intensity over the coming years. The results also highlight that as with any other reform that causes a change in relative prices, carbon pricing would lead to a reallocation of resources across the economy with relatively carbon-intensive sectors contracting and others expanding. It would also help promote further domestic and external rebalancing, thereby supporting broader policy objectives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Despite the slight recovery of biomass due to good recruitment in recent years, stocks were still below the limit laid down in the recovery plan. Over the previous few years fishing mortality levels among the main langoustine stocks (functional units 28 and 29, South and South-West of Portugal) had declined as a result of reduced fishing. Recruitment and reproductive biomass had been restored to the levels recorded in the eighties.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Depending on the blockchain protocol’s design, transactions can be made visible only to the related parties, and in addition, parties can interact pseudonymously on the network. Pseudonymity assures an integral data trail and book of records, without revealing a transacting party’s identity to the wider network or public. Building on a blockchain layer, smart contracts can further improve transaction efficiency by automating standardised business processes and payments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Close interaction and responsibility help them to gain a deeper understanding of the growing environment, particularly soil and its interaction with rainfall. Women have greater knowledge than men about soil texture, fertility status and suitability for millet cultivation, though men do the ploughing. A quote from one of the Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with men and women farmers “Often men plough but it is women who touch, feel and work in the soil” further supports this fact. Women’s intimate relationship with the soil is reflected through their statements made in FGDs. Local category pallakadu (black clay soil) retains moisture for seven to ten days after the first rain, but the sudumannkadu (red gravelly soil) absolutely lacks any moisture holding capacity after the first rain.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
An estimated 30 million children — one in eight — living in the world's richest countries are growing up poor (UNICEF, 2014). It is generally lowest in Europe and highest in the Middle East (Figure 21) (Alvaredo et al., We show that since 1980, very large transfers of public to private wealth occurred in nearly all countries, whether rich or emerging.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The evaluation is based on the OECD Committee for Agriculture’s approach that agriculture policy should be evidence-based and carefully designed and implemented to support productivity, competitiveness and sustainability, while avoiding unnecessary distortions to production decisions and to trade. Conducted in partnership with the OECD Investment Committee, the Review comprises a special chapter highlighting key challenges to be addressed to improve the investment climate in agriculture, drawing from the OECD Policy Framework for Investment in Agriculture. Its population of 90 million makes it the 13th most populous country in the world.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
They somewhat felt like‘goodwill ambassadors’for their country. As shared in the focus group discussions: “We are teaching Nepali language, culture, food to people who have never heard about them before. Women in the Gulf live a very restricted life. So, it is an opportunity for them to learn about different cultures and food, and we feel proud to have introduced them to all of this!"
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The Committee was also briefed by international organizations on a number of international environmental initiatives and activities. The European Union provided an update of its voluntary environmental footprint project being developed under the EU Single Market for Green Products Initiative. The three-year pilot phase of the project, covering a broad range of industrial and agriculture products, tests the development of environmental footprint methodologies for products and organizations and examines related verification and communication methods. One of the objectives is to reduce consumer confusion over the proliferation of national 'green' labels and methods used to demonstrate the green credentials of a product or organization.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In addition, w'omen’s economic independence increases their autonomy and ability to make decisions over critical areas of their lives, and enhances their economic and social status. The data also suggest, however, that these advances have not yet translated into closing the gender gap in employment or entrepreneurship. A lack of gender-disaggregated data makes it difficult to provide a precise picture of women’s and men’s economic contributions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
One of the four ‘advisory committees' that provide advice and recommendations to ICANN is composed of governments and international treaty organizations. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a technical professional organization that develops standards in information technology and robotics, telecommunication and home automation, transportation, nanotechnology and other industries. Consequently, once an organization has chosen a cloud provider, it is locked in.183 Likewise, users can become vulnerable to price increases by IT infrastructure providers.184 Private sector actors are developing a significant number of interoperability standards, making it difficult for a single standard to gain widespread acceptance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The most promising avenue, it would seem, is exploring the negotiating approaches enshrined in GATS, which affords Members a degree of flexibility to pursue transfer of technology policies. Thus, Members may design their GATS commitments in a way that facilitates technology transfer by specifying limitations and conditions in their schedules with a view to supporting such policies. They may also choose to liberalize types of services and define a sectoral coverage in such a way as to maximize the potential for technology diffusion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
They said even relatives, and especially in-laws, found it difficult to accept the idea of women going into parliament. They complained that marriages were breaking up, friends and children feeling abandoned. One woman had separated from her husband after he started to abuse her physically, and accuse her of having extra marital relations in Cape Town (Mtintso 1999a). It's just a reality'.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
A new target was introduced, relating to “Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people." Four official indicators were defined for that purpose, involving measurement of the rate of productivity growth per worker, the percentage of the population employed, the percentage of extremely poor workers and the proportion of workers that have unstable and insecure jobs (“vulnerable workers”). In addition, the recommendation to monitor poverty trends by using national poverty lines was made explicit. The previous indicator was replaced by one measuring survival to the last grade of primary education (Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
According to DIW estimates, the consumer price should increase only by 1.5% in 2011 and by 5% with the complete phase out of nuclear power (DIW, 2011). The main uncertainty comes from the cost of the investment needed to ensure a secure energy supply, which is difficult to assess. The government plans to accelerate the expansion of RES and to foster energy efficiency gains.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
More than half of national students in first degree programmes in tertiary-type A education (54%), benefit from scholarships and/or grants. The reform aims to improve the quality and impact of polytechnics, and operating licenses of polytechnics will be revised, with emphasis on quality and impact. The reform is expected to take effect in 2014. Reform of the student financial aid system will be introduced (effective 2014) to accelerate completion of studies and strengthen incentives in financial aid to students.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)