albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Dichas obligaciones deben ser respetadas en todas las leyes, politicas e intervenciones sobre el tema. Mediante los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y sus 169 metas, la Agenda 2030 pretende que se materialicen los derechos humanos de todas las personas y que se logre la igualdad de genero y el empoderamiento de todas las mujeres y las nihas (Preambulo, parrs. Ademas, segun esta Agenda, los lideres mundialesse comprome-tieron a favorecer la cohesion familiar (parr. Habida cuenta de que las famiIias han ido cambiando con el paso del tiempo, ,-que se considera "familia” hoy en dia? ^Como definen el concepto de familia los prin-cipios fundamentales de derechos humanos como la igualdad y la no discriminacion, el interes superior del nino y la nifia y el derecho a vivir una vida libre de vio-lencia?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Several recommendations of the NBSAP have already been implemented, including the adoption of the Law on Biodiversity Protection in 2006, amendments to the Law on Protected Areas in 2008, and the significant extension of the national environmental network of Albania by the designation of new protected areas. However, the successful implementation of these action plans for conservation would also to a large extent depend on the availability of external funding support. The DB comprises two thematic sectors, the Sector of Flora, Fauna and Soil, and the Sector for Protected Areas and National Parks. The total number of staff of the DB is seven, comprising the Director and three specialists in each sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Course specific repetition - used in Canada, New Zealand and the USA - can also be a good tool to maintain student motivation as students are not separated from their peers and are less likely to face stigma issues and bullying (OECD, 2012c). The median age for first formal tracking in the OECD is 14 (OECD, 2013), but there is a lot of variation across countries. In Finland and Spain, students are not tracked until the end of lower secondary school.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at in/o@copyright.com or the Centre franc a is d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at contact@cfcopies.com. Since 2005, the Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development have been the OECD’s tool to mobilise tertiary education for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. The reviews have analysed how the tertiary education system impacts local and regional development and helped improve this impact in more than 30 cities and regions in over 20 countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The connection between the underlying biological processes/structures and the resulting economic benefits to humans involves a process of ecosystem mapping (see also the "cascade" figure from Haines-Young and Potschin 2010). The underlying biological basis that gives rise to certain ecosystem functions. This could be a forested woodland providing an arena for certain activities (e.g., mountain biking or hiking).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
AbstractThis article moves away from issues of the impact of women and feminist scholarship on political science to examine the relationship of feminist political science to a political constituency. It traces the trajectory of feminist political science from its close relationship with women's movement activism in the 1970s to the highly professionalised disciplinary subfield of today. It highlights some of the dilemmas resulting both from professional imperatives and from the norms of research excellence stemming from new forms of research governance. It finds that feminist political science has been pushed towards addressing an international community of scholars in a language inaccessible to local publics. But it finds that despite such pressures, feminist political science has still sought to produce work that is of direct relevance to achieving women's movement goals, whether within public policy or within political institutions broadly conceived. While it may no longer be speaking the same language...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The ratio of the gross district domestic product (GDDP) of Chennai in current prices to the GDDP in constant 1999/2000 prices, both for 2005 and 2006 was used. This provided the price index over 1999/2000 to 2005/06. This ratio was applied to GDDP of Chennai for 2005/06 (in current prices) to arrive at the GDDP of Chennai for 2011/12 in current prices (as the contribution estimates are in current prices for 2011/12).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
However, it does not account for the time required to inspect different types of facilities. Inspections of Seveso installations are generally planned and conducted separately from other site visits. The IESP has also developed a comprehensive database of regulated installations, showing each installation with its record of inspections, detected violations and the corrective actions taken, as well as imposed sanctions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It also analyses the factors responsible for the widespread rise in inequality during the neo-liberal reforms of 1980-2000 in the fields of trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) and capital flows, and the rise in migration. Finally, it compares the decline in inequality observed in most of Latin America over 2000-2008 with the steady increase of inequality in many European transition economies during this period despite their return to robust growth. The paper argues that such divergence is explained by differences in policies. Prior to that he was the Director of UNU-WIDER. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Secretariat. The designations and terminology employed may not conform to United Nations practice and do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Organization.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
This opening chapter examines the consequences of the aestheticization of everyday life, by historicizing the role taste plays in the social mediation of value. It engages the literature on the social impact of the aesthetic dimension by placing counterpositions from Kantian aesthetics, the sociology of culture, critical theory, postmodern theory, and cultural studies in relation to changes in the political economy. Across this discourse, it focuses on a central line of concern emanating from a dialectic between beauty and alienation, one that raises the importance of aesthetic judgment in the determination of social forms, just as taste is enlisted to resolve an economy in crisis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Private insurance and compensation for lost employment or illness do not have a major effect on average household incomes. Furthermore, such transfers tend to be concentrated in higher-income groups, as are educational scholarships given that the requirements for obtaining them are difficult for low-income students to satisfy. In response to more or less progressive ways. The ultimate aim was to increase the use of this information in public administration and social policy in the countries of the region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Based on the dramatic price differentials among sectors for nutrient mitigation options, water quality trading has emerged as a market-based mechanism for cost-effectively meeting water quality goals and the TMDL in three states - Pennsylvania, Virginia and Maryland. Furthermore, given that there are no load allocations for future growth under the Chesapeake Bay TMDL, there is the risk of stifling development without flexible mechanisms in place for handling growth. Trading is considered to be a critical mechanism for accommodating growth through acquiring pollution offsets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Statistical offices are small, are not always well funded or supported with human resources, and have other priorities. Public service commissions are not always able to bring together the necessary information from other ministries that might enable an overall understanding of the relationship between migration, education, employment and training. This means that neither country has any effective migration management capacity, in terms of access to detailed and accurate migration data, let alone any understanding of relevant migration policies (whether directed at retention or return). Changes to the cost, delivery and access of remittances will especially benefit migrants in rural areas far from banks, who can waste money and lose hours of productivity in travelling to the nearest place where they can receive remittances.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The CUSTF has achieved lessons learned by operating through a specific fund that consolidates the compensation fees to finance restoration and reforestation actions implemented by third parties. The operation through a fund has allowed achieving economies of scale by enabling CONAFOR to issue calls for projects at a national scale. However, the programme rules and design present limitations to establish and assess the equivalence of the environmental attributes that are being compensated on an individual project basis and as a whole.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
There are two popular schools of thought about corruption in pre-colonial Africa – the Afrocentric view and that of decolonisation. The latter argues that there were corrupt practices broadly defined in pre-colonial Africa, since corruption is a universal concept. It further argues that many traditional African leaders were and are still corrupt, independent of colonial influence. Therefore, they could not be insulated from corruption. The Afrocentric school argues that pre-colonial African leaders were responsible and responsive to their subjects and avoided corruption as much as possible. It maintains that traditional African leaders in the pre-colonial period could hardly be said to be corrupt, because of the communal spirit that guided their operation. This paper critically examines both views and posits that corrupt practices as a human rights violation were present in pre-colonial Africa and still resonate in post-colonial Africa.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Government learning is an interactive process based on experimentation. Feedback from private sector innovators, research labs, suppliers and demanders are a crucial part of the decision-making process. Furthermore, most Governments know more than any other actors about future regulatory structure, legal framework and players in the system, and often have more information on various existing projects in relevant sectors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
By 2020, Indonesia expects to cut GHG emissions by 26% (ForestForClimate.org, 2010). In May 2010, Norway pledged USD 1 billion to support GHG reduction programmes in Indonesia. The plan acknowledges that technological innovations are vital for I ndonesia to succeed in creating a new economy. To this end, the government will strengthen local research and development institutions and their links with foreign partners.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
They need to continuously evaluate students’ performance using diverse assessment techniques, and provide remedial support to struggling learners (OBEC, 2013a). They must be knowledgeable about and use information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance learning, and be inclusive of students with special needs and from different backgrounds. They are expected to prepare students for active participation in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) community and the competitive global marketplace, while also promoting Thai values and culture. Teachers and school leaders are instrumental to achieving these overarching goals, and they will have a good chance of success if Thailand makes efforts to strengthen teacher preparation, support continuing teacher development, enable teachers to focus on the classroom, enhance school leadership and more efficiently manage its school workforce.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
An alternative is that funding could partly derive from subnational governments, but this would need to be coupled with tax reforms that boost subnational government income such as a possession-based rather than a transaction-based property tax (OECD, 2013a). Even if farmers manage to scale up their land holdings through renting in operating rights to farmland and attract suitable labour, poor access to finance may limit farm investment and mechanisation. A large problem for farmers in many developing countries is a lack of collateral.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
As he put it, this is a question that seems to be forgotten in the quest to compare and measure, and to justify what educators do. He added, “Where we can expect to lose the plot is when we move away from an understanding of those core values and what they are supposed to achieve in education and training to a process that bureaucratises indebtedness”. Looking across its 23 universities and more than 20,000 schools, South Africa has become very good at giving the impression of achieving particular outcomes while having not achieved them at all.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Forests and trees can strengthen resilience and adaptive capacities to climate-related hazards and natural disasters. Such adaptive measures must be context-specific and there is a need for better understanding of the relationships between climate change and detrimental factors such as storms, fires, and pests and diseases. Tackling forest degradation can be important for addressing problems of land degradation, but it is difficult to measure forest degradation or detect it in a consistent manner through remote sensing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
As a result, such reforms can be bad for equity under strong inequality aversion but not under weak inequality aversion. Such can be the case of social protection reforms. However, other structural reforms that are good for the middle class can be even better for the poor, hence good for equity under strong inequality aversion but not under weak inequality aversion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
As the chapter on the public good argues (and using the terms synonymously), ‘public interest’ is a central concept in public administration. In an important and basic sense, we understand effective governance as that which contributes to the public interest. Key features of civil society that protect the public interest can be taken for granted in established democracies. However, in many contexts we cannot assume a tradition of citizenship, or stable government, or rule of law, or basic infrastructure. Examining what is in the public interest in developing countries can be useful to identify these taken-for-granted assumptions, and to re-examine this ubiquitous and enduring concept. This chapter does this through a case study of land rights reform in post-conflict Nicaragua which draws together themes from organization, society and politics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This argument is supported in the report by a number of case studies that illustrate that, although macro-economic policy reforms have had positive effects on agriculture in some parts of Africa, the overall impact of the reforms has been slower and less dramatic than could have been expected. The main reason for the reforms' restricted impact is that the constraints to achieving sustainable agricultural productivity and increasing yields lie both on and off the farm. Hence, in many cases, transportation, trade, and macroeconomic policies have stronger effects on farmer and trader incentives than do agricultural sector policies, a point that underscores the need for better policy coordination across ministries. Strategies should therefore focus on transforming the weak points along the food system as a whole, and avoid too narrow a focus on farming.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
While efficacy measures the effect of a therapeutic agent under controlled conditions and settings, effectiveness measures a treatment’s effect under less controlled conditions in “real world” health settings. Measuring efficacy is much easier in patients with a single disease. Therefore, it is very common for people with multiple chronic conditions to be excluded from randomised clinical trials.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The environmental costs of production, such as pollution, toxic waste and greenhouse gas emissions are externalized. Such patterns of development create profits at environmental expense, whether through the entrenched fossil fuel systems that supply industry, energy and automobiles, or through industrial agriculture that generates short-term gain by mining soils and depleting water resources. Such patterns are unsustainable, compromising future production and consumption and threatening the integrity and resilience of ecosystems and biodiversity (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This is aligned with the OECD’s argument that linking urban areas with public transport is one of the three key characteristics of the compact city (OECD, 2012a). Several policy initiatives to promote public transport, in particular as expressed in government documents including the “Greening Urban and Building Initiative” announced by Korea’s Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs in 2009, should be continuously implemented, to send a consistent signal to local government and private investors. More roads could invite more traffic. “ The volume of car traffic almost everywhere is more or less arbitrary, depending on the available transportation infrastructure. Because we can always find new ways to increase our car use, building extra roads is a direct invitation to buy and drive more cars.” ( Since the 1989 earthquake, San Francisco has converted certain freeways to city streets, which has turned the Embarcadero into a city boulevard with trolley cars, trees and wide sidewalks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Using Article 20 is a companion piece to Strengthening Article 20, 38 U.S.F. L. REV. 701 (2004). Assuming article 20 can be invigorated (see Strengthening Article 20), this article sets forth the specific argument attorneys would make under article 20 for domestic violence survivors. It argues that United States’ law (U.S. statutory law, case law, state constitutional law, federal constitutional law, and U.S. treaty obligations) recognizes the impermissibility of making a woman choose between her life and her child, this is the choice inflicted on a domestic violence victim by the Hague Convention. Referring to this law, it suggests that the fundamental principles relating to the protection of human rights in the United States should prohibit a U.S. court from returning a domestic violence victim’s child. The article uses a hypothetical problem to set up the analysis and addresses a few of the relevant doctrinal issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Complying wdth its strict implementation rules (including financial management, monitoring, evaluation and reporting) requires significant ongoing political and institutional efforts. It is also a challenge for SEE producers to fill out application forms and comply w'ith environmental requirements. The Former Yugoslav Republic Macedonia has implemented the IPARD I Programme (2007-13) and used IPARD I funds through to the end of 2017, while Albania and Montenegro have implemented IPARD-like schemes. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia has been granted entrustment of IPARD II implementation. However, preparations in Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina are not as advanced.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The very idea of a "fusion fallacy" and the central importance of the effect of the Judicature legislation upon common law and equity is associated with New South Wales. Yet the Supreme Court of New South Wales was constituted in 1824 as a single court with broad jurisdiction at common law and in equity. One hundred and fifty years later, legislation was required to fuse its separate common law and equity "sides". How did that fission come about? This chapter, largely based on unpublished primary records, seeks to explain how that occurred.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Different forms of collective action can allow women to question current macroeconomic policies and, when needed, press for alternatives. Take the example of monetary policy, where women's voice is particularly silent in deliberations. Since central banks in most cases function independently from government, possibilities for participation and accountability through the state are often limited.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This chapter provides background context about the Korean diaspora and diasporic return. The relatively large size of the Korean diaspora compared to other Asian diasporas is first discussed along with the importance of return and ethnic return migration in the Korean diaspora. The chapter then discusses these two types of diasporic return and outlines the objectives of the book, which examines various types of diasporic returns to the South Korean homeland among members of the Korean diaspora from a comparative perspective. In addition to the causes of diasporic return and diasporic engagement policies, the book analyzes the different experiences of diasporic returnees, which depend on their nationality, their social class status, and their generational distance from the homeland.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
These methods place great strain on the natural resources upon which they rely and are jeopardising the future of agriculture. This includes transferring arable land to grassland, extensive use of pastures, green cover (mainly during the winter period), and promoting soil conservation practices such as tillage conservation, conservation crop rotation, and crop nutrient management practices. Tillage consumes energy and affects soil carbon sequestration capacity with implications for GHG emissions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Identity politics, or collective activism based on embodied experiences of gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity or nationality, existed before the late twentieth century, but the term was coined in the 1970s and widely circulated in the 1980s as a response to social injustice, widespread prejudice and even assault borne by members of specific minority groups. For lesbians, gays and transsexuals, for ethnic minorities like Native Americans in the US or First Nations in Canada, for women in many Western countries, identity politics has meant working proactively for full legal and social recognition. Feminism often flies under the banner of identity politics with the argument that gender equality is still far from the norm in Western societies and even less so in many Asian and African societies, and in those of the Arab world.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This programme is based on a partnership with local NGO’s and aims to temporarily employ (4-6 months) around 3 000 lowly skilled and unemployed individuals in 100 projects, while also improving the local infrastructure base. The projects will be identified by the NGO’s in collaboration with the local population. Such partnerships with the NGO sector are a promising way forward as they allow the Tunisian Government to rapidly compensate capacity constraints it may face in its own administration. They are usually the primary government institution responsible for implementing active labour market programmes. Tunisia’s PES, the Agence Nationale pour I 'Emploi et le Travail Independant (ANETI) [National Employment and Self-Employment Agency] was established in 1973.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)