albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Both the forestry market and the industrial market in Guatemala have weak links to domestic and international demand, so the lion's share of exports traditionally consists of low value-added products. It borders to the east with Belize, to the north and west with Mexico and to the south with the departments of Alta Verapaz and Izabal. This invaluable wealth, mainly managed under a community-forest management model aimed at the conservation of natural resources, justifies studying the value chain of wood products obtained from the department's forestry concessions. It also explains why the meta-objectives that have been defined point to increasing job creation in the zone, the strengthening of linkages between all links of the chain and between it and the rest of the country's forestry sector, greater participation by SMEs related to the value chain and, hence, a positive effect on the level of exports from the chain and the country at large. Outside that protected area, and others officially included in the same category, various mainly agriculture- related productive activities are undertaken, such as the production of basic grains (maize and beans) and African palm, along with livestock breeding.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The importance of long-term habitat isolation has also been shown for fungi and lichens on forest remnants in Northern Sweden, where the newly isolated forest remnants had higher species richness for lichens but not for wood-dwelling fungi compared to long-isolated forest remnants [Berglund & Jonsson 2004), indicating that lichens on newly isolated forest remnants may suffer future local extinctions whereas the fungi seem to have already adapted to the recent isolation. Hence, the landscape distribution of key habitat elements and the history of forest exploitation, as well as the amounts of such habitat elements, are important determinants for the long-term survival of forest biodiversity. However, the value of the forest for biodiversity also varies with site-specific factors linked to climate, productivity or specific terrain or substrate features.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Expenditure in private-subsidised schools includes school grants and co-payments by families. The percentage corresponds to the proportion of total spending in publicly-funded schools and proportion of total students in publicly-funded schools. Compared to non-Indigenous families, Indigenous families are more likely to have school-age children (57.2% vs. 48.5%), to have a household head with low educational attainment (9.1 years vs. 10.4 years), to have a family member aged 15 years or older who is illiterate (5.0% vs. 3.6%), and to be unemployed (10.6% vs. 6.9%).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Incorporating the notion of sustainability is the biggest challenge for citizenship in a technological era. Existing conceptions of citizenship have not been able to grapple with compounded ecological, economic, cultural, and moral threats facing modern technology-infused societies. Nor has increased public participation, engagement, and dialogue resolved polarized positions on issues such as what constitutes quality of life or what is meant by the integrity of nature. This paper draws on the scholarship of both sustainability and citizenship to propose a framework of sustainable citizenship that seeks to emphasize shared values through a deliberated clash of ideas. Such a framework involves a negotiation of the dialectics of rights and responsibilities, state and non-state, public and private, human and non-human nature, universal and particular, and democracy and capitalism. The paper illustrates how sustainable citizenship can be applied to deal with contentious political and policy issues of new and e...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Occupational injury: any personal injury, disease or death resulting from an occupational accident, an occupational injury is therefore distinct from an occupational disease, which is a disease contracted as a result of an exposure over a period of time to risk factors arising from work activity. If a person is injured in more than one occupational accident during the reference period, each case of injury to that person should be counted separately. Incapacity for work: inability of the victim, due to an occupational injury, to perform the normal duties of work in the job or post occupied at the time of the occupational accident. Nonfatal occupational injury: a nonfatal injury caused by an occupational accident.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Ordinary imports, such as imports for domestic use, grew rapidly during 2010 and 2011 because of the Chinese economic boom and expansionary policies. However, a contraction of ordinary imports continued throughout 2012, from about 30% during 2011 to negative growth in the second half of 2012, indicating a significant slowdown in the domestic economy. Amid global uncertainties, competition in emerging markets will be fierce.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Despite the fundamental importance of biodiversity to economic, social, health and cultural systems, biodiversity loss continues worldwide as the pursuit of economic growth and development leads to the conversion, and in many cases over-exploitation, of natural resources for inputs to production and consumption. Biodiversity underpins many of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and effective mainstreaming will be an essential step for countries - developed and developing alike - to deliver on Agenda 2030. In recognition of this, the Cancun Declaration on Mainstreaming the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity for Well-being, adopted at the 13th Conference of the Parties (COP 13) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in December 2016, commits parties to undertake work at all levels of government and across all sectors to mainstream biodiversity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Human rights – Freedom of religion or belief – Interference with – Russian law providing that 'a religious organisation' was a voluntary association of Russian nationals and permanent residents of Russia formed for the profession and dissemination of faith and duly registered as legal entity – Justice Department carrying out religious study and refusing to register Church of Scientology of St Petersburg as 'religious organisation' on grounds of 'non-religious' nature of group as well as on technical grounds and on 'unreliability' of group’s existence for fifteen years – Refusal upheld on appeal to St Petersburg City Court – Whether refusal to register as religious organization violation of right to freedom of religion in the light of freedom of association – European Convention on Human Rights, art 9 in conjunction with art 11
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Security challenges have continued to trouble governments internationally. From the Islamic State terrorists in the Gulf region, to the murderous activities of Boko Haram and “herdsmen” in Nigeria in recent times, it has become imperative for those entrusted with maintaining security to redefine the conditions of national security. In this context, it is now conventional for various governments in Nigeria to appropriate enormous amounts of money in their budgets for “national security” (“tagged security vote”). This article explores the emergence, configuration, constitutionality and abuses of security votes in Nigeria. It also explores the appropriation and expenditure of security funds in the USA and attempts to draw lessons from this jurisdiction. It argues that there is a robust connection between security votes and corruption and, thus, attempts to identify legal structures for preventing the misspending and embezzlement of public funds (security votes) in the country's monetary appropriation and expenditure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Household living standards are determined by cash income as well as non-cash income components. The role of housing is topical in this respect as some households pay a rent while others don't pay a rent because they own their dwelling. In order to compare incomes between tenants and homeowners it is necessary to account for the housing services that homeowners provide to themselves. Thus, provided the value of owner-occupied housing services (imputed rents) can be measured accurately, including this income component gives a more comprehensive view of households' living standards.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
While it remains difficult to isolate the effect of policy reforms from other factors, the incidence of own-account work increased less in the Czech Republic than in the Slovak Republic during this period (OECD, 2008a). In Italy, the legislation introduced in 1997 and 2003 to legalise temporary work agencies (while reforming collaboration agreements) may have led to an increase in self-employed workers who are in fact working for the same company, but as own-account workers. Foremost, instead of the approximate 17% growth in employment recorded in the pre-crisis period (1995-2007), Figure 4.7 (Panel B) reports, on average, a 2% drop in the total number of persons employed in the latter period.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
There is a range of options that could be considered to ensure more effective use of existing information by key actors in the education system. Simple options include ensuring that data is used effectively for transition management between schools and analysing data at the level of the Regional Offices of the Ministry of Education. Such improvements in reporting have the potential to improve the interconnections among schools and between schools and regional and national jurisdictions in education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Overall DPT3 coverage improved in four out of the six countries, while inequality trends varied across countries. Countries such as Bangladesh, Egypt and Senegal not only improved immunization levels in both urban and rural areas, but also narrowed the urban-rural gap, with the latter two countries having achieved parity between the two areas. Tanzania appears to have shown positive trends, improving levels in both urban and rural areas, but the gap between the areas remained.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The courses were compulsory within the mathematics subject cluster and were revised in 1990 and 1997 to respond to technological developments. When Thailand introduced a new basic education curriculum in 2001, it included standards for what students in all 12 grades should know about ICT. Technological education comprised ICT and content on design and technology. Thailand expanded its efforts to integrate ICT in education by developing a series of four-year strategy documents and amendments to the basic education curriculum.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
They are all involved, by decisions of the President and/or the Government, in the work of planting trees and tending seedlings and young plantations, mainly in their respective forest park zone. An increase in wildlife population can be observed in some areas of forest park zone. Regular irrigation has improved watering places and feed stock for wildlife, enhancing the potential for diversity preservation in forest ecosystems. Such a wide-scale effort at the State level requires the realization of a series of preparatory measures. Some difficulties arose at the beginning of forest planting works, including a lack of irrigation water, necessary technical equipment and forestry specialists. Methodical support, control and instruction have been carried out by the Department of Forestry.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Today it is shared between State-owned firms, which in some countries continue to have a monopoly over the activity, large transnational enterprises from Europe, the United States or other countries of the region, and, to a lesser extent, domestically owned private enterprises. As in other regulated sectors (telecommunications, water and sanitation, transport), the regulatory framework is the main determinant of private investment —including FDI— in the transmission and distribution segments, whereas in the generating segment, the key factors are risk sharing mechanisms and price setting. Section B presents an overview of the sector, focusing particularly on the business dynamic.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In the Federal Test Enterprise Network (Testbetriebnetz) some forest areas are defined as recreation forests and sizes of respective forests are summed up. This procedure has been changed, now mainly nature protection forest areas are included. The German Integrated Environmental and Economic Account (Umweltokonomische Gesamtrech-nung) and the Forest Account (Waldgesamtrechnung) do not publish data regarding recreation values.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In RS all protected areas fall under the exclusive jurisdiction of the entity. Two special strict nature reserves are included for RS, as these territories continue to be counted as protected virgin forests in accordance with the law on forests. Development of national systems of protected areas is a direct implementation of international obligations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
They consist of atolls and volcanic islands from less than 3 metres above sea level to almost 5,000 metres above sea level and total land areas between, the smallest Nauru, 21 km2 and, the largest PNG, 462,840 km2. The populations of these countries range from 10,800 (Nauru) to more than 8 million people (PNG) for a total of some 10 million people, with densities as low as 18 people per km2 in PNG to as high as 514 people per km2 in Nauru. Official development assistance (ODA) in 2014 ranged from US$22 million in Nauru to a high of US$681 million in PNG.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
However, maintaining these processes to manage point source pollution is essential and must not be abandoned. Diffuse pollution from stormwater runoff and combined sewer overflows is an ongoing challenge for cities. Climate change will exacerbate existing water quality challenges, due to altered precipitation, flow and thermal regimes, and sea level rise, which will mean water authorities and water and sanitation utilities will be confronted by further economic and operational challenges. However, freshwater ecosystems are under immense pressure as a result of a legacy of industrial pollution and alteration of the natural morphology of water bodies, continuing pollution from diffuse sources (agricultural and urban), and an ever-evolving number of emerging pollutants in wastewater.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Guided by Auge’s concept of “non-place,” we conduct a mobile ethnography of the Las Vegas Strip to evoke and critically reflect on the characteristics of such environments. Informed by our findings, we contribute to the scholarship of non-places by (1) attending to three components of such environments that are seldom mentioned together (temporal organization, soundscape, and social control) and (2) suggesting a tentative model of non-places that integrates function (entertainment, transportation, hospitality, consumption), design (signage, movement, temporal organization, and soundscape), social control system (their mechanisms, visibility, power, sanctions, types of violation), performances (the roles they prompt users to play and the interactions they direct them to perform), and subjectivities (the sort of self-experiences they induce). In the conclusions, we summarize our findings and revisit the concept of non-place.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, there are also many open-source options developed by governments and international agencies. Another is HAZUS ('Hazards US') which was developed using public domain software by the US Federal Emergency Management Agency for performing loss estimation. Several other countries have adapted the HAZUS methodology for their own needs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This was partly because the devaluation of the Argentine currency had an extremely adverse effect on the conditions under which electricity companies (and other public utilities) operated in the country,6 but also because it coincided with an exhaustion of the easiest privatization possibilities and a global financial crisis. In that period concession contracts on privatized utilities (including electricity firms) set their rates in dollars, indexed to prices in the United States. With the breakdown of this parity, the government set rates in pesos and eliminated indexation as a way of controlling inflation. The electricity firms considered this a breach of contract, and most of them appealed the decision in international tribunals.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It explores the obstacles and market failures they face, the factors that facilitate their scaling up, as well as how innovation policies can support such innovations. For more details, see OECD (2015f). Busso, Madrigal and Pages (2010) quantified the potential gains in TFP that can be achieved by reallocating resources more efficiently across firms in Latin American countries, and concluded that reallocation of capital and labour would raise aggregate TFP in the region between 40% and 120%, depending on the time frame and countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The overcoming of an armed conflict, and a violent past in general from the lens of transitional justice, demands not only the prosecution of those criminal behaviors considered not subject to pardon or amnesty, but the result of accountability that underlies to the exercise of criminal action in the prosecution of international crimes must permit a critical revision of the structures of ordinary criminal law, which in one way or another contributed to the deepening of the causes of the armed conflict. For this reason, the revision of notions such as impunity, punishment and the guarantees of criminal law and criminal procedure has such importance, as not only the success of the transitional justice exercise depends to a great extent on the operation of the system, but the ordinary criminal law system will be strongly impacted in its categories.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Currently there are few indicators that measure how well care co-ordination is being undertaken. Without adequate biomedical research on how best to treat a person with multiple chronic conditions, it will be difficult to create evidence-based quality metrics. As noted earlier, it is difficult to develop practice guidelines or quality metrics for people with multiple chronic conditions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In those areas, those who can afford cars, who find them a more convenient option to low-frequency, inflexible bus services and who can safely operate them have already largely abandoned bus services - even if these services may feed into higher frequency and better quality public transport networks. Those bus users who remain are often captive users who have few alternatives. In these contexts, ride services can be (and have been) seen as a way to deliver the same trips as those delivered by some bus services but at lower overall costs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Current challenges identified by countries with monitoring and tracking climate finance received are presented in Table 5. If spending information is integrated into objectives related to climate change plans and priorities, this could potentially allow the government to understand the impacts or results of those funds (e.g. whether they are contributing to the achievement of certain objectives). Countries also approach tracking the impacts of climate finance differently, in line with their particular priorities, such as cost-effectiveness, human well-being, or transformational change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The great significance of dead wood for forest biodiversity has recently been reviewed in detail by Stokland et al. ( Old trees provide a range of micro-habitats for many species, including stable and varied bark structure and chemistry, a variety of dead woody substrates, and various cavities. Slow-growing old trees will have particular wood qualities of significance for several species. Several specialized species either move in from distant, previously burnt sites or lie dormant between fire events for a given site.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
How the city accommodates its increasing physical development needs will help determine the success of urban green growth. Getting a city right as it urbanises will be dramatically easier and cheaper than fixing things later. The risk of locking in the urban form should be addressed at the centre of urban green growth policy making.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Relatively new products in Morelos include: Jatropha seeds from which biodiesel can be produced from its inedible oil, fruit such as figs, grains such as triticale (hybrid of wheat and tye) used for the production of animal feed, cucumbers, fine herbs for food consumption, and plants with special health properties, such as stevia and neem. These may be produced as the primary crop on a farm or may be produced as a supplementary source of income. Aquaculture is another activity that is being supported and shows favourable prospects for export.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
It is clear that the scope of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is greater than the Millennium Development Goals, increasing the number of goals from 8 to 17 to include many new action areas, from protection of oceans and access to sustainable energy, to sustainable cities and climate change. In addition, while the MDGs had a single goal on environmental sustainability, the Sustainable Development Goals mainstream environment into all of the 17 goals. The Agenda recognises the changing role that ODA will play in the future, as domestic resources play a greater role in in most countries, in other cases ODA may primarily be used to create the conditions necessary to attract private finance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Responding states included Ciudad de Mexico, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Durango, Sinaloa, Hidalgo, Puebla, Colima, Jalisco, and Estado de Mexico. Sexual harassment against women is also widespread. Women aged 30-39 are the most vulnerable, as 68% have reported being a victim of some type of violence, suggesting that high rates occur while families are rearing children.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In Sierra Leone, women are involved in political peace-building initiatives at both the local and regional levels. On its dedicated webpage, it documented some ofthe facts and figures relating to violence against women in elections. To operationalise this service, victims and/or witnesses were directed to send a brief text message to a dedicated number, describing the violence and providing the location of the incident.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The TC and the PTC undertake original research and pilot projects to further improve the understanding of tropical cyclones and related hazards. Developed as part of the IOTWS, these networks share data regionally and globally in near real time. Tie boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. These centres operate within the framework of the WMO’s World Weather Watch Programme and support countries with analysis, forecasting and training especially those with limited domestic capacity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It seems that women with no education are pushed into the labour force due to economic compulsions while those with low levels of education are constrained by social inhibitions against labour force participation, particularly outside their homes. A comparatively low percentage of women with secondary/ higher secondary and higher levels of education were in the category of attending to domestic duties as they seek to enter the labour market. Nevertheless, more than 50 per cent of women had this activity status at all levels of education in 2011-2012. This indicates that women in the lowest deciles are compelled to enter the labour force more often than others.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)