albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Private companies can foster the manufacturing of efficient appliances along with the necessary instructions and after-sales service to ensure appropriate application and long-term operation. This is necessary to increase economies of Page ^ 39 scale, which will reduce prices and reduce investments in inefficient technologies that have lower up-front costs, but higher long-term costs and greater environmental impacts. In this case, it is typically found that the extra cost associated with highly efficient end-use equipment is cost effective when the entire electricity application is considered.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In hot climates, low'-cost solutions such as reflective roofs and walls, exterior shades, and low'-emissivity window' coatings and films can significantly reduce energy consumption for cooling (IEA, 2013). National and local government institutions, with technical assistance from university and research institutions, could support research on passive cooling designs, and provide vocational training for a new generation of installation technicians and technical assistance for contractors and construction companies. This is crucial to ensure the effectiveness of all the policy instruments. Such a training programme could also can increase job opportunities and promote green growth. Hai Phong is participating in the “Viet Nam Clean Energy Program: Energy Efficiency Promotion in the Building Sector”.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Corporate social networking sites provide employees and employers with considerable opportunity to share information and become friends. Unfortunately, American and international laws do not directly address social networking site usage. The National Labor Relations Act, civil rights laws, and various common law doctrines such as employment at-will and defamation provide the pattern for future social networking laws. Ethical considerations such as productivity, security, goodwill, privacy, accuracy, and discipline fairness also affect future laws. Corporate policies on corporate social networking should balance the employer’s and employee’s interests. Existing laws and ethical issues associated with social networking should impact social networking policies related to configuration, communication, discipline, and evaluation of policies. Corporate social networking policies should be business-related, ensure user notification of monitoring, maintain adequate records, and provide for reliable, consistent, and impersonal evaluation of monitoring effectiveness.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, composting and recycling remain very limited. It remarkably expanded the land area under environmental protection in the 2000s, which has been crucial in combatting deforestation. The deforestation rate drastically declined in the Amazon from its latest peak in 2004, although pressures remain high in some other regions, notably the tropical savannah (Section 4). In 2014, official protected areas covered about 17% of the territory. Additional terrestrial areas are protected within indigenous lands and in private lands that comply with the Forest Code requirements.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Practices such as early marriage, which correlates with an early start to childbearing, can be widespread. As ever-larger numbers of younger people begin streaming into the labour market, they are increasingly finding that the economy has not been robust enough to generate jobs for everyone. The reasons include disruptions in family planning programmes, and the aftermath of conflict and economic crisis. Most of these countries fall at a mid-level in terms of income, although a few are poorer, and a small number are wealthy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In October 2009, the European Commission notified Slovakia that its national legislation did not ensure that all plans and programmes likely to have significant effects on the environment were subject to environmental assessment. The directive states that the public should be informed of why an impact assessment is not required for a specific plan or programme, but this requirement is not included in current Slovak law. In February 2010, the Commission sent a reasoned opinion to Slovakia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
These strategies should be viewed as complements to the suggested reforms to the housing finance system. Generally speaking, this can be achieved by encouraging within-city development activity and/or discouraging construction outside the existing city limits. To that end, policy makers could make infill and redevelopment cheaper by reducing regulations and streamlining permits and other administrative procedures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Resources also should be allocated to various public institutions for developing and implementing a holistic prevention strategy and actions that proactively engage women as well as men, and the government sector as well as the non-governmental sector. Advertising and national campaigns may be used to spread information about hotlines for reporting violence. The education system and the news media are also well positioned to raise understanding and awareness of the unacceptability of violence against women. France offers an example of a communications strategy that also incorporates government directives and the establishment of an emergency helpline (ministere des Droits des femmes, n.d.).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Current drivers of Norway’s RE policy, i.e. climate change mitigation and liberalisation of the national energy market, which ends long-term supply contracts to energy-intensive firms, do not engage local communities, and may actually erode regional competitive advantages linked to the availability of cheap (hydro) energy for manufacturing activities. Higher prices for energy will generate larger rents for hydro-power owners and higher taxes and fees for municipalities and counties, but it is difficult to understand the net impact for rural communities. If RE deployment was better linked to local dynamics and if there was compensation available for possible negative impacts, this could increase public support for RE. In this report Troms County is used to identify the county and Troms0 to identify its major city and administrative capital.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The recommendations contained in the final report of the ministers’ meeting include: (a) the establishment of a regional drug control focal point by the regional economic community secretariats to develop and implement regional drug control strategies and to support individual States, and (b) the development of regional and national centres of excellence for the treatment and care of drug dependence. The ministers also recommended that the member States of the African Union, in partnership with WHO and UNODC, should develop model laws to provide a basis for legislative review at the member State level to address new and emerging drug control challenges. Officials from 13 African countries attended the fourth International Annual Meeting of the Airport Communication Project (AIRCOP), held in Panama City from 21 to 23 April 2015.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Biofuel policies in the United States and the European Union affect mostly the grains and oilseeds sector, but Brazil’s hugely important ethanol sector uses mainly sugar cane and could in principle thrive without support policies. Government support policies make world market prices of these products (and their substitutes) substantially higher than they would be, while mandates add to price volatility by creating demand that is less responsive to prices. Whereas trade between OECD countries accounted for 58% of world agricultural trade in 1999, by 2009 that share had fallen to less than half.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
While collaboration with GPs improved, it was not regarded a “spectacular success” because GPs were in short supply and reported being overworked. High GP turnover also made it difficult to form relationships with psychiatrists. Still, this model suggests that more flexibility can improve mental health access, and warrants further exploration. The authors note that this model is not sustainable under the normal FFS arrangements, and its success depends on a commitment to appropriately fund it.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
But there were also the spillover effects of a rising tide of global conservatism and religious fundamentalism in many parts of the world.19 While religious extremists from different groupings were often at odds with each other,they tended to converge in their opposition to gender equality and women’s human rights. Many UN spaces witnessed this, not least the 5-, io- and 15-year reviews of the Cairo and Beijing conferences. It began moving closer to TNCs through the Global Compact that began in mid-2000, a replacement of the idea of a binding Code of Conduct by the voluntary adoption of 10 principles.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These responses were then categorised based on recurring themes and ideas identified in the answers provided. The 2016 CEN Biennial Conference was attended by 57 conference delegates from 39 participating EMBs and 26 delegates from 25 participating EMBs completed this survey. Of these, 11 respondents chose to declare their names, while the remaining 14 chose to complete the survey anonymously. Round 6, 22 November, available at: http://www.afrobarometer.org/ (accessed January 2018).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Feedback and other information collected at this time were then used to inform preparation of the field trial instruments. Reviews of the questionnaires by NPMs and experts in questionnaire design also fed into development of the field trial instruments. In addition, the TALIS Technical Advisory Group (TAG) advised on and validated the operations, standards, planning, and processes for the pilot, field trial, and main survey. The group’s role provided an important element of quality assurance for TALIS 2018.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
They include altered ecosystems and habitats, detrimental impacts on agriculture, potentially leading to food shortages, and more and longer lasting weather extremes and natural disasters, along with numerous risks to society. Therefore, the regional estimates do nc add up to the total. Data collected over two decades show that the growth in global emissions has accelerated, rising 10 per cent from 1990 to 2000 and 38 per cent from 2000 to 2012, driven mostly by growth in the developing regions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In 2009, G20 leaders made a commitment to “rationalise and phase out over the medium term inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption” and called on the rest of the world to do the same. In addition to being environmentally-harmful, the subsidies absorb substantial public resources that could be spent elsewhere, and largely benefit the wealthy. The Indonesian government continues to pursue reform, however. At the beginning of 2015, it grasped the opportunity offered by falling world oil prices to scrap its existing petrol and diesel price-setting regime.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It has established the International Center for Combating Desertification in Sede Boqer in the Negev desert. Thus far, five Israeli sites have been included on the World Heritage List. Enforcement of the CITES provisions is highly efficient in Israel due to its comprehensive nature protection legislation. Two Israeli sites have been designated as Wetlands of International Importance on the Ramsar List: the Hula Nature Reserve and the En Afeq Reserve.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Safe housing for female teachers is also important, particularly when countries are struggling to recruit and retain teachers (World Bank, 1988, 1989). Furthermore, sanitary facilities may be located outside the main school compound. Students may therefore be at risk of bullying and sexual violence, which is especially a concern for female students. When constructing new sanitary facilities, it is important to engage students in the planning process and to conduct sex education courses to inform students about physical changes during puberty (INEE, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
With this large deficit in mind, chapter 3 estimates the financial resources that countries would need to invest in closing infrastructure gaps with other countries in the region. As these are significant and far exceed the resource availability in CSN, the chapter explores what options these countries have for closing or bridging the gaps. The way forward concludes the report.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
1. Introduction - Robert W. Orttung 2. The Socio-Economic and Criminal Effects of Contemporary Migration in Large Russian Cities - Elena Tyuryukanova and Elena Kostyrya 3. Crime and Migration in Siberia - Valerii V. Sobolnikov 4. Drug Trafficking along the Russian-Kazakh Border: Challenges of Enforcement - Sergei V. Golunov, Vadim V. Astashin, Svetlana B. Kozhirova, Grigory L. Olekh, and Liudmila M. Reshetnikova 5. One Hand Washes the Other: Informal Ties among Organized Crime Groups and Law-Enforcement Agencies in Russia - Alexander Salagaev, Alexander Shashkin, and Alexey Konnov 6. Addressing Corruption in Russia's Civil-Military Relations - Andrei S. Makarychev 7. Who Fights Corruption in Russia? - Irina Olimpieva and Oleg Pachenkov 8. Trade-Offs between Security and Civil Liberties in Russia's Counter-Terrorist Campaign in 2000-2004: Six Regional Case Studies - Nabi Abdullaev and Simon Saradzhyan
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
ABSTRACTLiberal theory regards a free press as vital not only to political processes, but also to the development and maintenance of personal autonomy and the right to self-determination. Yet, press freedom receives very little attention in the wider debate on international human rights and in the academic literature on the subject. This article submits that press freedom matters in its own right and not merely as a means to secure other human rights like free speech and freedom of information. This article places press freedom at the center of how we think about democracy and human rights promotion. If the goal is to promote Western liberal ideals, press freedom should be the centerpiece of human rights advocacy and democracy promotion in international relations, not merely a side note to freedom of expression or freedom of information.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For example] when they talk about Assessment for Learning, then the legal aspects perhaps become more important than the pedagogical aspects. ( The researchers feared that teachers would work within these constraints and thus limit themselves to doing what they were told. Because Assessment for Learning then loses the moments of continuance. Some students need this type of feedback and other students need that type of feedback.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Les collaborations, alliances et fusions peuvent chercher a ameliorer la perfoimance academique, realiser des economies, ou aligner des activites institutionnelles aux besoins de la societe. Dans l’enseignement, la collaboration est moins frequente et reussit moins souvent que dans d'autres domaines d’activite institutionnelle, en grande partie du fait de l’autonomie et de Fisolement traditionnel des enseignants dans le superieur. La collaboration avec partenaires externes est de loin la plus frequente dans les domaines de la recherche et de la cooperation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Financial assistance for families, assistance with social assistance, assistance in reconciling work and family life are reviewed. Housing price trends and policies are also discussed. Child benefit payments have a strong role in preventing poverty, but a key feature of the Canadian system is that child benefits are also paid to middle-income families in so far as they are aimed not only at fighting poverty but also at covering part of the costs of raising children. The recent reform introducing the Canada Child Benefit increases the level of support received by low and middle-income families.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Consumer price indices are based on a representative basket of goods and services purchased by consumers in an economy. Composition and relative weights of the basket are reviewed periodically. High and unanticipated inflation increases uncertainty and leads to inter-and intra-temporal misallocation of resources as long as prices are not fully flexible.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This article explores the ways in which the “global” governance of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) intersects with the “local” politics of resource regimes that are enrolled in carbon markets through the production and trade in Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs). It shows how political structures and decision-making procedures set up at the international level to govern the acquisition of CERs through the Kyoto Protocol's CDM interact with and transform national and local level political ecologies in host countries where very different governance structures, political networks, and state-market relations operate. It draws on literature within political ecology and field work in Argentina and Honduras to illustrate and understand the politics of translation that occur when the social and environmental consequences of decisions made within global governance mechanisms, such as the CDM, are followed through to particular sites in the global political economy. It also shows how the outcomes in those ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Higher than average shares of endangered species are recorded for amphibians and mammals (Table 5.1 and Figure 5.3). More than half of the 34 vertebrates listed as extinct are wetland dependent species. This is directly related to the use of all the country’s water sources (springs, streams and swamps) since the beginning of the 20th century to provide drinking and irrigation water. Furthermore, Israel is located on two major migratory routes, avian and marine (Box 5.2).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Farms in Turkey are not legal entities and it is the deed, or land ownership certificate, that defines the fann. The minimum size requirements regulating the sale of land affect the exit from farming. In various provinces and regions where rural development projects were implemented, they also aimed at infrastructure improvements, and were supported by foreign finance, especially from the World Bank and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). However, since the mid-2000s, specific rural development policy frameworks have emerged in the context of Turkey’s movement towards the EU acquis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In June 2010, it was announced that, subject to Parliamentary approval, a restructured carbon emissions reduction target would be extended to December 2012, with a higher target and a focus on improving building insulation (rather than installing compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). The UK government is currently exploring options for the successor to CERT, to run from 2013. Yet, there are still many areas where further implementation of cost-effective energy efficiency policy would provide benefits.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Police conduct regular patrols in places suspected of undertaking such illegal activities. The government of the UAE ratified the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime in May 2006 and promulgated Federal Law No. Nevertheless, many other Yemeni laws continue to pursue perpetrators of trafficking.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
There is probably no figure in American jurisprudence who has been more studied and whose record has been more analyzed than Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Among the aspects of Holmes' career that have commonly piqued the interest of scholars is the apparent transformation of Holmes' views of the First Amendment and freedom of expression rights. In 1919, Holmes began a redirection of the United States Supreme Court in its interpretation of these rights with a dissenting opinion in which he set forth a broader approach than what had previously been used-and what Holmes himself had previously held. Why the transformation in Holmes? It is posited in this article that the philosophy that had been simmering in Holmes rose to the surface in 1919. It is a philosophy of individualism and non-conformity. In short, it is Ralph Waldo Emerson's philosophy of self-reliance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Responsibilities for providing health care services differ across municipalities, depending on their level of development and administrative capacity. This arrangement has resulted in greatly heterogeneous levels and quality of services, for instance, around 30% of the municipalities, mostly in the poorest regions, do not provide urgent medical care and 8% of them do not have a resident public-sector doctor (ISSA, 2013). This is an especially important issue in Brazil given its continental size and the shortcomings of its transportation network. There is evidence that more sophisticated procedures are largely unavailable to more than half of the population without private insurance plans as they mainly are supplied by the private sector only (ISSA, 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
African traditional society has used several approaches to conflict resolution that have combined the customary tribunal, elders’ councils, amicable family arrangements, tribal courts and intercommunity tribunals. These strategies have been marked with humanity and solidarity. In recent years, the impetus of community-based justice has increased because of large scale violence in many parts of Africa. These include domestic civil wars and transnational or regional wars, involving several countries fighting inside another country. This has been the result of a widespread erosion of African traditional values, such as Ubuntu , Ujamaa and Palaver, culminating in the recrudescence of inter-ethnic violence and civil wars. In the aftermath of such violence, also perceived as violations of international law and ancestral norms, efforts have emerged to address this crisis by adopting a comprehensive response. This is noticeable in what have developed as traditional customary models of justice and conflict settlement alternatives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
More teachers are needed where more preparation time is given and class size remains constant. See Chapter 2 for details on the index of adaptive teaching. Hirt (2004), "Comparing the teaching effectiveness of part-time and full-time clinical nurse faculty", Nursing Education Perspectives, Vol. Org/l 0.102 3/A: 102 3200500215.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Cuademos de la CEPAL, No. Documentos deTrabajo, Economla y Finanzas, No. Consumo critico, feminismo y soberania alimentaria, X. Montagut, C. Muriasand L. Vega (coords.), Barcelona, Xarxa de Consum Solidari/Marcha Mundial de las Mujeres (online) http://www.xarxaconsum.net/mm/file/LIBROS/Tejiendo_alianzasjDara_una_vida_sostenible.pdf.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This is frequently related to early marriage, child bearing and other caring responsibilities. Even when they enter the labour market, women are more likely to be confined to the most vulnerable jobs, frequently in the informal sector. This suggests that addressing the barriers that limit girls and women’s access to education and employment opportunities would be likely to have positive effects, among the others, also on reducing the gender gap in financial literacy, thus improving women’s financial empowerment and well-being.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Consider on the other hand the undesirability of decisions made through late night negotiations or behind-the-scene lobbying of special interests. This has ex ante and ex post elements. At a time a decision is made, it must be justified, so that the responsibilities in decision-making are clearly identified.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)