albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
All farmers are part of a value chain — they require inputs such as seeds and fertilizers and may use transport services to get their product to market. Trade can play a critical role in reducing the price and increasing the variety of inputs available to farmers. As consumers, trade liberalization can be beneficial to the extent that it reduces the prices for imported goods, as well as increasing the prices of exported goods. Enhanced flows of technology are critical for improving productivity and adapting to a changing climate. Technology embodied in imported inputs — for example, seeds or improved crop varieties, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, and animal vaccines —would pave the way for the emergence of more intensive production systems with increased productivity and greater sustainability.38 Other effects of trade on productivity are discussed below. It is competition from trade that reduces the price of products consumed by the poor and increases the variety of products available.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Key to this was a substantial budget allocation to settlement and job creation in farming areas -thereby reducing dependence on forests - as well as policies supporting broader economic growth and urbanization. Nevertheless, there were some challenges in the early years, such as the wishes of private forest owners being ignored at times and low initial survival rates of seedlings. Forests are now valued largely for their contribution to local and global public goods: a systematic assessment estimated their public good value in 2015 at USD 126 billion. By contrast, the direct economic benefits from forest products (including timber, nuts, fruits and wild vegetables) are USD 8.3 billion per year.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
For instance, NSW households in the United Kingdom have one of the highest incidences of poverty (50%) in terms of market income. Redistribution lowers their poverty risk to 20%, below the OECD average of 22%. The strong poverty-reducing effect in the United Kingdom (and other countries) reflects certain tax/benefit policies that are especially helpful to non-standard workers and their families. In Greece, poverty among NSW households even increases after redistribution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Profiling people in the overlap is done to give an idea of who the more severely deprived are. Nevertheless, also the non-overlap or partly overlapping groups can be profiled to help in the identification of children experiencing certain combinations of deprivation. As further addressed in the following sections, the (dimensional) overlap analyses and the profiling of the various groups of children/persons helps to formulate hypotheses on the underlying determinants for the observed inequalities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In principle though, educated and informed consumers can be appropriately targeted by food companies through their product development and marketing, enabling the market (for sustainable foods) to expand. The FarmSave Program is an education-only programme and the other two programmes include both education and financial incentives to the agriculture sector. The FarmSave Program is implemented through public benefits funding by the En-Save Energy consulting group. The outreach and education programme attempts to reach out to all farm types and has a broad array of experts to assist farmers with increasing their energy efficiency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Service users’ needs reassessment and/or referral to other providers, if necessary, must be also included. These standards ensure the minimum quality of care and support which people receive whilst living at home and they establish the minimum service provision required. Emphasis is needed to encourage people in need, living in their own home, instead of in nursing homes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This section of the Standard is intended to contribute to ensure opportunities for access to and appreciation of nature in forest. This does not alter the rights pursuant to the Open-air Recreation Act. In exceptional cases, forest may be established where the redirected use is approved by the municipal authority pursuant to Section 9 of the Land Act, assuming that this is not in conflict with the interest of valuable monuments and sites or cultural environments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
A growth model based on human potential can produce a more dynamic economy and a more inclusive society, since talent is far more equally distributed than opportunity and financial capital. As I discussed in Chapter 4, a more equitable distribution of knowledge and skills has a complementary impact on reducing gaps in earnings. And it has this impact while also expanding the size of the economy. More inclusive progress made possible through better skills therefore has tremendous potential to ensure that the benefits of economic and social development are shared more equitably among citizens which, in turn, leads to greater overall social and economic progress.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The College's Centre for Community Responsibility encourages and strengthens these connections, providing resources to support this work. Furthermore the college has developed innovative programme Best to the Industry in collaboration with industry to provide work-based learning opportunities for ICT students, one example is the programme on viticulture which supports the local wine industry. The Tel Hai Academic College stands out among the HEIs in Galilee for its deliberate efforts to integrate regional engagement with its core mission. The programme combines both academic and practical field experience to increase the opportunities for employment. In response to needs of regional employers, the college has proposed to develop a new school of management with departments of management and economics. With support of the Cherie Blair Foundation for Women, the college is sponsoring, beginning in the 2009-10 academic year, 20 Jewish and Arab women from the Western Galilee region to study for an interdisciplinary bachelor's degree in economics and business administration.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The most common way is through the entrance fee which is paid once a student has been accepted to an SMK. Various terms are used for this entrance money: money for development, money for participation in education and committee money (paid in monthly). Other levies applied in some schools include specific charges for additional lessons to prepare for the national examinations and charges for OSIS (the student council - Organisasi Siswa Intra Sekolah).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
R. Holzmann, E. Palmer and D. Robalino (Eds.).Washington, DC: World Bank. Pension Design and Gender: Analyses of Developed and Developing Countries." Gender Issues, 22, no. "Centro de Estadisticas, Chile, http://www.spensiones.cl/safp-stats/stats/ (accessed 27 November 2013). The Dignity Pension (Renta Dignidad): A universal old-age pension scheme."
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It can also support capacity development and provide technical assistance to strengthen local institutions and contribute to domestic resource mobilisation and the engagement of the private sector. The emphasis on different goals will be based on national circumstances. Nevertheless, the SDGs do increase the overall scope of issue development co-operation will play a role in.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The existence or creation of linkages between policy areas would provide a coherent institutional architecture and enhance water policy efficiency. It would also ensure that investment plans better reflect basin priorities and that public expenditures across sectors are better aligned with water policy objectives. The potential for policy coherence at the watershed level could be improved through the systematic involvement of river basin organisations and councils, this is an area that needs to be further exploited. In particular, the Agenda foresees the creation of a Ministry of Land Use Planning for a long-term land-use planning strategy, a National Observatory of Sustainable Land Use Planning, and a National Development Planning Institute to ensure the long-term harmonisation among different sectoral and territorial development policies in Mexico. Such tools would help move from traditional ad hoc bilateral discussions between CONAGUA and other agencies (CONAFOR, SEDESOL, SAGARPA, etc.) The current institutional set-up for dealing with climate change issues might serve as an example to mobilise key institutions of the federal public administration towards policy coherence (see Box 1.10).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
If children from disadvantaged backgrounds cannot attend high-performing schools because of financial constraints, then school systems that offer parents more choice of schools for their children will necessarily be less effective in improving the performance of all students. For example, cross-country analysis shows that in the systems where more students repeat a grade, the impact of students' socio-economic status on their performance is stronger. Furthermore, trends analysis shows that stratification is negatively related to systems' overall performance. Students in schools where no ability grouping is practiced scored eight points higher in mathematics in 2012 compared to their counterparts in 2003, while students in schools where ability grouping is practiced in some or all classes had lower scores in PISA 2012 than their counterparts in PISA 2003. In contrast, in comprehensive systems, schools must find ways of working with students from across the performance spectrum. These different incentive systems may help explain the greater level of equity achieved in systems that use stratification less.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It uses a value of 0 to represent a society where everyone has the same income and which, therefore, has no inequality, at the other end of the scale, it uses 1 to represent a society where only one person has all the income and which, thus, has maximum inequality. To make them easier to understand, Gini values can also be represented as Gini points. This is done simply by multiplying each value by 100, so a Gini coefficient of 0.28 becomes 28 Gini points.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Community-engaged decision-making and management mark a change in philosophy and practice of shared-resource governance. Moving from national to local scales of agency coordination and public engagement requires equivalent change in the scale of useful social science data. Upon recognizing landowners and resource users as allies in policy implementation, success relies on how well diverse groups can understand one another and work together. Unfortunately, managers often have a fragmented understanding of the interests, voices, and lives of the public they serve. We outline an early scoping means for engaging and organizing local voices to prepare decision-making teams. To provide a foundation for decentralized water resource planning, we used a cultural studies lens to conduct and analyze 313 in-depth stakeholder interviews on the Yellowstone River. This essay chronicles this approach and reflects benefits and challenges, and why it may appeal to other decentralized planning efforts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The landmark Paris Agreement, signed in April 2016 by 175 Member States, attempts to mitigate climate change and accelerate and intensify actions and investments needed for a sustainable, low-carbon future. Central to the agreement is the need to strengthen the global response to keep global temperatures from rising no more than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue further efforts to limit the rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The Paris Agreement requires parties to identify their "intended nationally determined contributions" (INDCs).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
These devices can delay their consumption (the cool down period) for a short while as long as the internal temperature remains within certain bounds. The use of demand flexibility by controlling loads also requires customer acceptance and approval. Among the options are the following. For refrigerators the delays can be up to 15 minutes, for freezers this can be considerably longer if the devices would allow deeper cooling and bigger temperature differences within the freezer (Vande Meerssche et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Issues with eligibility often concerned the identified dwelling, which did not satisfy all the required standards. The total supply of good-quality rental dwellings within the permitted rent brackets might be a constrained. Further support to promote the supply of affordable rental dwellings could be considered.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Suomen luonnon monimuotoisuuden suojelun ja kestavan kayton strategia 2006-2016" (2007). [ Strategy for protection of biodiversity and sustainable use]. Suomen luonnon monimuotoisuuden suojelun ja kestavan kayton toimintaohjelma 2006-2016. Suomen ymparis-to 35/2007. Indicators for nature tourism, non-wood forest products, recreation and forest culture].
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Education and urbanisation influence both population and income levels (and are affected by them), but also the composition of sectoral demand. Climate change affects all aspects of the nexus directly and indirectly. Not least, climate lchange influences the hydrological cycle, resulting in shifts in annual water availability in many regions, and also in more erratic precipitation patterns including extreme events such as droughts and excess rainfall. Reduced water availability can increase competition for water between sectors, as described above.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
A general capacity building in society, and especially among decision-makers, regarding the links between local culture and practices, biodiversity management, ecosystem services and sustainable use is another important aspect During implementation of the Nordic Assessment, it will be important to share experiences as widely as possible. This should be focused on both individuals and institutional capacity. Management practices should take into account the complex and often unpredictable nature of ecosystem processes, especially in the face of global change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
It will benefit from data already collected by various ministries to monitor over 6 000 national indicators. Possible sources of information that the repository can draw upon are summarised in Table 2.1. The repository will complement other online systems already in place including the Electronics Projects Monitoring Systems (E-ProMIS) that monitors project implementation, and the Kenyan Environmental Information Network (KEIN).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This "new finance" is framed as payment-for-performance agreements, which include payments for implementing readiness activities and achieving emissions reductions. Countries' INDCs present very limited and sketchy information on actual support needs to implement the activities or achieve the targets set out in the country commitments. Where investment needs have been calculated (e.g. resilience activities in Bangladesh in the national adaptation strategy), it is still unclear whether underlying data sources are reliable, what the role of international support is expected to be in comparison to domestic budgets and what proportion of investment is expected to come from the private sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Women’s work, both paid and unpaid, is critical for the survival and security of the family and important route through which families escape from poverty. It is also critical to women’s empowerment. Expansion of national policies and programs to provide support for care of children, people with disabilities, and the elderly is an important intervention to enable women and men to participate equally in paid employment and women and family empowerment as well as reinforcing the role of the men in the family life to allow conciliation between professional and family responsibilities. Participation in national parliaments and local governmental bodies - Equality of opportunity in politics is a human right.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Some risk-appraisal can be done objectively, (e.g. the performance indicator of a given technology, the regulations in place in a country at a given time, etc.), In their groundbreaking article "Why study risk perception?" Slovic, Fischhoff and Lichtenstein (1982) underline many instances - and more specifically cases involving technology - where laypeople share an inaccurate perception of risk.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Investment in agricultural water for poverty reduction and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis report. The effects of education on agricultural productivity under traditional and improved technology in northern Nigeria: An endogenous switching regression analysis. The impact of education on allocative and technical efficiency of farmers: The case of Ethiopian smallholders. Macroeconomics of unbalanced growth: The anatomy of urban crisis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
To establish the biggest problems we analyse existing databases with crash data and establish which problems occur most frequently. For example, it could be the many casualties among car occupants or among pedestrians in case of truck collisions. However, we might decide not to consider absolute casualty numbers but to compare the number of casualties to the distance travelled by specific groups, to establish the traffic risk. Then it may turn out, for instance, that young and novice drivers run a relatively high risk. We might also decide not to analyse a specific period but to consider trends over time. The risks for motorcyclists, cyclists and pedestrians in the UK are much higher than in both other countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Following this is a priority to ensure that individual students receive learning adapted to their abilities. In addition, for Years 1-4, municipalities have to ensure that adapted teaching in Norwegian/Sami language and mathematics is provided and is especially directed towards pupils with weak abilities in reading and mathematics. Some subjects also have competence aims after Year 2. A Quality Framework defines the principles for developing optimal learning environments and learning achievements. Research and Education (NIFU), show that the reform has contributed to school owners being more engaged as a result of more accessible information about their school and school results, and that some objectives are well on the way to being achieved.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Yet most gender-equality agencies are vested with this responsibility (OECD, 2011d). While audits or inspections also exist, they are very rare. Similarly, it is not common practice to incorporate the implementation of genderrelevant policies into managerial performance objectives and there are often little or no consequences for failing to meet gender equality targets (OECD, 2011d).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In this case, alternative risk mitigation structures may be necessary on the public side. Innovation management is not limited to efforts seeking to reconfigure the provision of mobility services, it is something public agencies are facing across a broad spectrum of fields including broadband access, water services and housing, for instance. In these instances, it may be worthwhile to think about alternative structures that enable sustainable risk-taking in public governance. These firms invest in a broad range of potential new businesses with the expectation that many will fail -sometimes quickly, lessons will be learnt and incorporated into new business models and eventually, a sufficient number of ideas take hold and generate adequate returns to sustain and grow the overall portfolio value.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The purpose of this article is to provide an example of recent public administration reform in Afghanistan. In 2003, the Afghan Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) established the Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS) and other health services. To date, service delivery has been conducted largely by NGOs, funded by the main international donors, and managed by the Grant and Contracts Management Unit (GCMU) of the MoPH. Despite these advancements, Afghanistan continues to face significant challenges in health service provision and policy. In 2009, the GCMU was restructured into the Health Economics and Financing Directorate (HEFD), which broadened the scope of the Unit to conduct important economic analyses. This article examines the MoPH's role in health financing as a developing institution engaged in applied health economics and policy analysis. This development will allow the MoPH to build evidence for policy-making and further establish its stewardship role in the health sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Ecosystems and their components and processes provide the basis for both formal and informal education in many societies. Ecosystems provide a rich source of inspiration for art, folklore, national symbols, architecture, and advertising. Many people find beauty or aesthetic value in various aspects of ecosystems, as reflected in the support for parks, "scenic drives," and the selection of housing locations. Ecosystems influence the types of social relations that are established in particular cultures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In the case of the PDI, workers are employed full-time and receive a salary of around TND 320 per month, with no limit on the duration for which they can remain in the programme. In the case of the PDCR, only a few days of work per month are provided, and a salary of TND 120 is paid. While the PCRD is implemented nation-wide, the PDI operates only in 90 of the 264 delegations, selected on the basis of certain social, economic and environmental criteria. In 2012, over 78 000 people participated in these programmes, however eligibility criteria for participation are not clear.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This paper explores the impact of the Ruggie 'Protect, Respect and Remedy' framework and UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights on transnational human rights litigation. It considers the impact to date, and the possible impact the Ruggie Framework and UN Guiding Principles could have on a widely predicted increase in the number of state law negligence claims against transnational corporations in the US after the decision of the Supreme Court in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum limiting the jurisdictional reach of the US Alien Tort Statute 1789.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Bunnings Hardware staff provided a list, for the online programme, of the top 10 questions asked by customers in regard to sustainability/sustainability product options. The answers to these questions were included in the product content to ensure that all Bunnings team members were equipped to answer them when asked. Once participants have completed the quiz, they are guided through the four topic areas. Audio is provided over each of the slides in the presentation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Indirect taxes and taxes on wealth or property are not considered. In an effort to provide a better focus on working-age benefits (excluding early retirement and incapacity benefits), some results are reported for households headed by adults younger than 54. In both cases, the reference population includes children and any elderly persons living in these households.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)