albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The distribution according to age class shows that 7 per cent of the forest is young, 48 per cent mid-age, 15 per cent mature, and 30 per cent mature and older. Such an unequal distribution may have been determined by insufficient forest management over the past three decades, and indicates the necessity of carrying out complex measures for sanitation and rejuvenation. Also, Georgian forests have undergone a reduction of canopy cover - of more than 20 per cent between 2000 and 2010 within the forest canopy cover range of 30-80 per cent, as detected by remote sensing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The present article looks how intimate liaisons between Dutch women and Balinese men are intertwined in complex and sometimes paradoxical ways in regard to class position, gender ideologies and immigration policy in the contemporary Netherlands. Central to this analysis is a dialogue between Dutch women, their Balinese partners and popular discourse about Dutch women who marry ‘the other men’. I examine how citizenship regulations that play a significant role in interfamilial relations of interdependency form complex gender dynamics, and how Dutch women's rhetoric about the emancipation of Dutch women and desire for a companionate marriage tend to collide with the practices of everyday life. I argue that gender ideologies in these cross-cultural liaisons are conceptualised and reconceptualised in relation to ‘gender imaginings’. I suggest that the ideals of companionate marriage, favoured by Dutch women, are linked directly to ideals of modernity and individualism, in which particular scripts of gender re...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The process of open recruitment also offers advantages to applicants since they can more directly choose the school and identify with the school’s educational project. As a result, the process is more likely to build a sense of commitment of teachers to the schools where they are recruited. It should be noted, however, that the teacher labour market features a number of rigidities and imperfections.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This was also observed by Kakwani (1990) and Marinho and Soares (2003). This result confirms the theoretical hypothesis that poverty-income elasticity is tower in economies with tow average incomes. The results obtained in this article agree with the findings of Marinho and Soares (2003) and Hoffmann (2004), In short, less developed regions like the Brazilian north-east have more difficulty reducing poverty through income growth. Overall, these results suggest that inequality reduction policies are most effective when it comes to fighting poverty in Brazil.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
With the policy environment growing more supportive, the cost-effectiveness of renewable energy improving and increased activity in obtaining support for SIDS through various mechanisms, the emphasis on the MRE potential of SIDS will continue to grow. The SAMOA Pathway stresses the importance of renewable energy generation and energy efficiency measures as a basis for sustainable development in SIDS and calls for innovative partnerships to strengthen SIDS-SIDS cooperation (SIDS, 2014). There has been notable progress in this regard through CARICOM (the Caribbean Community), resulting in the production of a Regional Energy Policy (CARICOM, 2013), followed by the Caribbean Sustainable Energy Roadmap and Strategy (C-SERMS). C-SERMS includes recommendations for renewable energy targets, along with targets for energy efficiency gains and carbon emissions reductions, in the short term (2017), medium term (2022) and long term (2027) for the CARICOM region and aims to provide CARICOM member states with a coherent strategy for transitioning to sustainable energy (Worldwatch, 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
An association of wheat growers, the United Wheat Growers, collects a compulsory levy on all wheat sold by producers. This levy is determined annually and is used exclusively for disaster relief insurance and the administrative costs of this insurance. The contract is standard for all wheat producers and covers multiple natural disasters (in this specific scheme it includes flooding), certain mechanical accidents, and physical loss of grain in silos or transit.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
These include three mammal species categorized as CR on a regional scale: the Gobi bear (Ursus arctos gobiensis), Przewalski’s horse (Equus ferus spp. A further eight species were categorized as NT, including the grey wolf (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Only the Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) is Regionally Extinct (RE) in Mongolia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
But to understand the steps towards water governance reform concerning the iwi it is necessary to briefly recount the historical background. This breached the Treaty of Waitangi10 and denied Waikato-Tainui and other iwi and hapuu decision-making rights and interests and mana whakahaere (authority, exercise of rights and responsibilities) in the Waikato River and its resources. This led to a historical claim under the Treaty of Waitangi in the 1960s, which was settled in December 2009 when the Crown and Waikato-Tainui signed the “Waikato-Tainui River Deed of Settlement”.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
However, existing studies are to a large extent confined to the effect of gender inequality in outcomes. Empirical work finds a positive association between gender parity in education and income per capita (Dollar and Gatti, 1999, Klasen, 2002, Thevenon and Salvi del Pero, 2015). For example, in OECD countries, a balanced gender ratio in education would increase income per capita by 0.8% in comparison to a scenario where women have no access to education (Thevenon and Salvi del Pero, 2015). In the same vein, gender gaps in education contribute to 28% of the difference in the annual growth rates between East Asia and South Asia (Klasen, 2002). Other studies find that gender inequalities in labour market outcomes hamper economic growth (Klasen and Lamanna, 2009, OECD, 2012, Cuberes and Teigner, 2013, Woetzel, J. et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Economic benefits can accrue from driving businesses to be greener, increasing firms’ competitiveness by increasing their rate of innovation and overall productivity (Porter and von der Linde, 1995). This can reduce the marginal additional cost of abatement compared to companies in countries with less stringent environmental standards (Greaker, 2006). Lack of energy supplies in these countries can be a significant constraint on economic growth potential.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In 2011, the Amazigh peoples won a landmark victory with the official recognition of their language and culture in a new constitution. Although a timetable for the expansion of Tamazight classes across primary schools was established around the same time, this plan has not been implemented. The initial goal was for Tamazight to be taught in all of the country's schools by 2008.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Reference was also made to the importance of clear land tenure and effective governance arrangements to support implementation. The Co-Chair concluded his summary by emphasizing the importance for the future international arrangement on forests of securing strong political commitment to the implementation of sustainable forest management. The high-level interactive dialogue with the heads of the member organizations of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests, heads of the regional organizations and senior representatives of major groups was held on 14 May 2015.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Unfortunately, the current use of linear regression to derive estimates does not allow rapid changes in coverage to be captured. The increased availability of comparable data now allows for the exploration of more sophisticated modeling in preparation for a new, post-2015 drinking water target.” It seems likely that JMP may envisage the adoption of more reliable data estimation methods for calculating water and sanitation targets and indicators, as developed in a post-2015 development agenda.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Finally, an interest rate of 7.5% is used in the calculations. All scenarios consider the possibility to use batteries of electric vehicles as storages for the electricity system according to the vehicle-to-grid concept (V2G). It is assumed for the future that available electric vehicles provide a total storage capacity of 48 GWh and a total loading/ unloading power of 48 GW to the electricity system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The Minister for Fisheries receives advice from the Marine Research Institute (MRI) and consequently issues total allowable catch (TAC) for individual stocks for the fishing year, which runs from 1 September to 31 August the following year. The size of each vessels annual catch quota for each stock is its share in the stock multiplied by the TAC of that stock. Both the permanent quota-shares and the annual catch quotas are transferable in part or total, subject to certain restrictions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Inclusion and gender equality are keys to sustainable peace. As a HeForShe Champion, Finland is a global leader on this issue and we are committed to the full implementation of the WPS agenda. Mainstreaming a gender perspective into foreign and security policy, including development policy, is a demanding task but we are convinced it will improve the respect for human rights and operational effectiveness.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In the course of 2009 and 2010, Russia has temporarily restricted imports of various products for sanitary reasons from a number of countries. The ASEAN, Australia New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) was signed in February 2009. Negotiations for a Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) started in early 2010. The current participants in these negotiations are Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, the United States and Viet Nam.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The chapter should assess the status, trends and future dynamics of indirect and direct drivers, focusing on those affecting "Nature”, "Nature's benefits to people" and how that links to "Good quality of life". The chapter should also analyse the interrelations between and among direct and indirect drivers. Indirect drivers include, for example, policy changes, changes in economic activity, population change and technology change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The aim of this paper is to verify if the historic sentence of the Italian Supreme Court in Plenary Session no. 500/1999, has effectively contributed to diminishing incentive in the bribes market in Italy. To this aim we refer to the theoretical model of Acemoglu and Verdier (2000). The empirical analysis is based on a case study conducted in Sicily, in the province of Catania, by using a unique data set. The main results of the paper are that paying bureaucrats by means of an "efficiency wage" could be not useful in reducing corruption. An extension of the liability rule for public administration employees and civil servants may reduce the phenomenon of bribe exchanging. Finally, the perfect specification of property rights is helpful in reducing corruption.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
La gestion des risques en agriculture n’est pas encore une priorite d’action affichee du gouvernement kazakh. Les producteurs du Kazakhstan ont besoin d’une pluralite d’outils qui leur permettent de gerer les differents types de risques. Il appartient au gouvernement de faire en sorte qu’ils disposent des informations pertinentes et des outils de gestion des risques adaptes (OCDE, 2011c). De plus, la gestion des risques normaux par les producteurs pourrait etre appuyee par des dispositions de fiscalite generale et de protection sociale, telles que des incitations fiscales a epargner pendant les bonnes annees et a depenser quand la conjoncture est defavorable.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
To avoid non-compliance procedures by the EU, the deadline was extended and Italy introduced specific procedures, with strict timetables, which allowed the competent authorities (national river basin authorities and regions) to develop the RBMPs. The MATTM provided specific guidelines for plan finalisation and approval. All eight RBMPs were approved in 2010.13 Some RBMPs presented a detailed analysis of the state of surface and groundwater bodies and a summary of significant pressures and impacts of human activities on the status of water bodies (Box 4.3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The collaborative care models that use stepped care are even more cost-effective. This is when the intensity is stepped up only when proven necessary. Patients are first offered an intervention that while likely to be effective is relatively easy to implement and carries relatively low cost or side effects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Expanding mechanisms of border control increasingly depend on the criminalization of non-citizens. While some criminology scholarship might suggest such measures announce an increasing governance of migration 'through crime', we argue that it is not simply a case of punitive crime control strategies leaching into migration policies. Not only are foreigners in a far more vulnerable position to the British citizen, but the restrictions they face play important constitutive roles in newly invigorated discourses of citizenship and nationalism. In this article, we suggest that criminologists must move on from studies that emphasize control and criminalization to consider more broadly the implications of basing a politics of national identity that aspires to 'solidarity' and shared values on the forcible exclusion of growing numbers of people. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies (ISTD). All rights reserved.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In the Philippines, the central bank redefined real estate activities to lessen the bank’s exposure to the sector. In Indonesia, a more stringent rule on down payments was announced in mid-2012 to slow credit growth for the purchase of housing and automobiles. Similarly in Malaysia, asset price build-ups in certain sectors have been dealt with by using macroprudential measures rather than changes in the policy rate. In this regard, low interest rates helped not only to sustain the growth of bank loans but also to slow potential capital inflows.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The ever-increasing scholarship on the politics of human rights focuses on either international treaty negotiations or domestic politics after ratification. It thus misses how the stage of implementation is often crucially set in the period between signing and ratifying. This article addresses this lacuna via an in-deptah discussion of the ratification process of the Disability Convention (CRPD) in the Netherlands. In this period, stakeholders highlight certain treaty obligations, while downplaying or ignoring others. This theory of preratification politics calls for more differentiation between treaty obligations and attention to the politics of their mobilization, even in the most monist countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
How do celebrities go beyond the promotion of human rights causes to shape thinking around possible solutions? This article looks at celebrity activism in international politics by tracing Mia Farrow’s norm entrepreneurship of the term ‘Genocide Olympics’. Expanding on the concept of ‘celebrity diplomacy’, I utilise a norm-building ‘life cycle’ model to argue that a celebrity can not only amplify human rights issues but may also reshape non-governmental organisational and institutional policy frameworks. I contend that the ‘norm entrepreneurship’ of a celebrity lies outside of international forums like the United Nations and involves a more aggressive polemical approach, contrasting with previous understandings of celebrity engagement in international politics. While scholarship has viewed figures such as humanitarian actors and world leaders as norm entrepreneurs, this case demonstrates the capacity of a celebrity to convince the international community to embrace a new norm.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Since duplication of existing efforts should be avoided, a possible new panel should have clear additional value. A new scientific expert panel could create dialogue with scientists and policy-makers, to achieve the sound management of chemicals and waste at a global level. The results of the work of such a panel should be effectively fed into internationally relevant policy-making.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
This is particularly important in an LDC context, since a large proportion of time spent at work is devoted to subsistence activities, and since a large number of people are engaged in such activities, particularly agriculture. Broadly speaking, agriculture in LDCs comprises both subsistence activities and commercial agriculture.11 Agricultural development policies are likely to benefit both types of activities. In the case of subsistence agriculture, they are expected to have an impact on earnings, on poverty, but also on output levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
However, Scotland is further behind other OECD health systems in this regard. Additional investment to accelerate this initiative should be considered. The example set by Sweden, particularly with its integration of health and social care in eHealth, could be one to follow (Box 2.7). It is a committee of Healthcare Improvement Scotland.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This means that the large majority of unemployed do not have access to unemployment-related benefits, including previously informal workers, labour-market entrants and individuals who quit voluntarily . The FGTS - established in 1967 - represents a fund that can be used for special occasions, including dismissal without just cause, the acquisition of a home, and retirement. Withdrawals in the case of unfair dismissal account for about two-thirds of FGTS expenditure (Caixa Economia Federal, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The International Council for Marine Research (ICES) is currently renewing the stock estimation for herring (Bakketeig etai, 2015). On the contrary, the stock of blue whiting has almost doubled in the North East Atlantic since 2010 and the stock is now in good condition (Bakketeig et al., For populations of coastal cod the estimated numbers are considered close to a critical limit and their declines seem significantly linked to poor recruitment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In this paper we consider the ethical-political basis of a new conception of human vulnerability in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), proposing its incorporation in the development of emerging robotic technology.  We reflect on the notion of assistance. The CRPD suggests a new conception based on the social recognition of personal autonomy through a set of human rights, grounded on the value of respect for the diversity of human functionings. The capability approach (Martha Nussbaum) provides important theoretical support for this new conception. From this new perspective of justice, focused on inclusive human development, we argue that the role of healthcare robotics should be reoriented towards an inclusive robotics: one that, in addition to contributing to care, enables support for what people can do in different life stages, facilitating their inclusion in diverse social environments (education, work environment, etc.).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This paper investigates the effect of the economic crisis on child poverty and severe material deprivation across the enlarged EU,31 Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. Evidence from previous recessions in industrialized countries suggests that children tend to suffer disproportionately. However, given the two- to three-year lag with which household income data become available, it is only recently that statistics on the circumstances of children have started to emerge.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
A closer look at these differences will be pursued in greater detail below. Third, there are perception factors which play out at the household level. Females are seen as: a smaller loss for an agricultural household, more reliable remitters, more assertive in collecting their earned salary from their employers, and being less frequently harassed by police than males.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Taxes on energy or energy-related CO2 emissions are now found in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom. In target-setting programmes that involve the use of energy taxes, such as in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, rewards for meeting agreed-upon targets are provided in the form of a reduction of the required energy tax. However, tax rates on energy use for agriculture are much lower than those imposed on the whole economy (Figure 5.2). One of the reasons for this is that fuel used in agriculture is often exempt from tax. Fuel tax exemptions provide no signal with respect to external costs, thereby encouraging over-use.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Therefore, assuming that the level of gender-based discrimination that prevails in a given society does not reflect actual preferences for gender equality, gender discrimination in social institutions may well decrease the life satisfaction of both men and women. Men and women who may be affected directly by discrimination against women may display lower levels of satisfaction due to their more limited capacity to live the life they want (Williams et al., One theoretical example for this is derived from the optimal allocation of leisure and work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The integrated function of these riverine systems ensures the development of self-sustaining aquatic populations, flood protection and reduction of pollution. The DRBMP reports the area of floodplains/ wetlands to be reconnected by 2015 for both the Danube River and its tributaries. The inter-linkage with national River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) is vital for wetland reconnection, as, for example, significant areas arc expected to be reconnected to rivers with catchment areas <4,000 km’.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The author argues that the Court Challenges Program‘s 2006 cancellation was based on claims that judicial review is undemocratic, including those made by three academics, Rainer Knopff, F.L. Morton and Ian Brodie, the Court Party Theorists (the "CPT"). Through a study of Charter equality cases, this paper examines the CPT‘s arguments regarding judicial activism, interest groups and interveners and finds they are largely unsupported by statistical evidence. Further, the debate about judicial review and democracy obscures judicial review‘s important auditing function over the legislature‘s constitutional adherence. This audit depends on individuals‘ capacity to pursue Charter litigation, an ability compromised by the access to justice crisis. The author examines this crisis and the efforts to fill the funding gap left by the CCP‘s cancellation and concludes that an accessible publicly-funded program like the CCP is best-placed to ensure that the Charter remains a relevant tool for enforcing fundamental human rights in Canada.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)