albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
These goals are a shared vision of humanity that provides the missing piece of the globalisation puzzle, the glue that can counter the centrifugal forces in the age of accelerations.2 The extent to which those goals will be realised will depend in no small part on what happens in today's classrooms. It is educators who hold the key to ensuring that the underlying principles of the Sustainable Development Goals become a real social contract with citizens. So we need to be thinking about their future in order to shape what primary school pupils are learning today.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Soft skills, such as teamwork and communication are more easily learned in an authentic work environment, while simulating these in workshops is more difficult (Aarkrog, 2005). Students can learn on up-to-date equipment, available in companies, from trainers who are familiar with the most recent technologies. Box 2.2 summarises the benefits of workplace training to students.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Regional school boards have responded to the needs of working parents by providing extended hour programming. In addition to Quebec, some school boards in the Northwest Territories, Alberta and Ontario provide before-and after-school programs. In Ontario, where four school boards have opted to directly provide out-of-school care, access has quadrupled, fees have decreased and early childhood educators are enjoying the benefits of public sector employment (Akbari and McCuaig, 2014(27]).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Although infant mortality and under-5 mortality rates have fallen substantially in recent decades, they have plateaued since 2000 as a result of the worsening socio-economic environment and stresses on the health care system.36 However, the 2006 Palestinian Family Health Survey indicated that immunization coverage was high, at around 97 percent. During the war in Gaza between December 2008 and January 2009, also known as Operation Cast Lead, Israeli forces damaged 38 primary health clinics, 29 ambulances and 14 of Gaza’s 27 hospitals.37 Despite the blockade, the health facilities were repaired within a year of the conflict's end.38 Relative to other conflict-ridden zones in the region, the number of physicians is favourable in Palestine: in 2007, there were 2.2 physicians per 1,000 population (1.9 in the West Bank and 2.7 in Gaza) (box 6.4). Between 450,000 and 1.5 million Somalis have died since 1991 either as a direct result of armed clashes or because of famine caused or exacerbated by the conflict.39 This is equivalent to 10-25 percent of Somalia's population in the mid-1990s. Millions have been injured and affected by disabilities, sexual violence and disease.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The same holds true for juniper forests with their key ecological and protective function, the rich genetic fund of natural pistachio trees and stands, offering major potential for selection work, wild/natural fructiferous stands, which are important for the national economy, and tugai forests - ecosystems with an indispensible water protection and antierosion function. Currently available data are based on various ad hoc surveys, research and scientific analyses. The latest countrywide forest inventory was implemented in 1988-1989.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The government developed tools for each stakeholder group, reaching beyond budget officials to include parliamentarians and representatives of civil society. A 2005 Ministiy of Finance, Ministiy of Economy and UNIFEM guide addressed integrating the gender dimension into the new performance budgeting approach, followed in 2006 by a manual on integrating the gender dimension in budget planning and elaboration. In 2006, the Ministiy of Finance also launched a new website to raise awareness of the GRB initiative. In 2007, the Ministry of Finance published a study entitled “Comprehensive examination of gender-sensitive indicators in Morocco”, which is a collection of statistics essential for developing, monitoring and evaluating sectoral policies for promoting gender objectives. Gender budgeting capacity has been decentralised progressively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The council has 14 members, with representatives from government, civil society, academia and the business sector. This process of “agencification”, inspired by the “new' public management” model, has been carried out in many OECD countries over the past three decades. Overall, despite some dowmsides, the ensuing reorganisation has had a positive impact on performance (OECD, 2010, Chapter 4). Operationally independent implementation agencies improve policy effectiveness by employing professionals w'ho combine experience in specific funding and other financing instruments (including cofunding and the leveraging of complex financial instruments) with an understanding of the needs of target groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The storage may be geological (underground) or in tanks. To be traded as a commodity, all gas entering the pipeline system has to be treated to limit impurities (dry gas). The gas pipelines are pressurized, the high-capacity lines have pressure over 100 bar. Automatic gas leak detection and location systems are important for pipelines to avoid loss, ensure safety, and prevent greenhouse gas emission,45 the same systems are useful for reducing loss and speeding recover)' in case a pipeline is damaged for any reason, including sabotage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The current study represents an important step in a longer-term agenda, intended to improve understanding regarding how to broaden the finance options available and accessible to SMEs and micro-enterprises, taking into account the heterogeneity of the sector, the challenges for small firms in actually accessing and using the instruments available, the implications of on-going financial reforms, and the specific financing needs of certain types of firms, such as innovative and high-growth enterprises, SMEs seeking international expansion or those undergoing a major transition. It follows the two-pronged approach advocated by the G20/OECD High Level Principles on SME financing, and specifically addresses its proposal to consider the feasibility of broadening the set of assets suitable for use as collateral to include intangibles, to ease access to lending for knowledge-based companies (with due regard for the associated risks). It also builds on recent OECD/STI work on KBC and the economic impact of intellectual property. In particular, this study provides a detailed, practically-oriented investigation of the topics raised by Chapter 9 of, “Enquiries into Intellectual Property’s Economic Impact” (OECD, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
On the other hand, in Greece, Japan, the Netherlands and Turkey, women are slightly more represented in the labour force than in general government employment. According to the most recent figures, women represent only 24% and 36% of general government employees in Turkey and Greece, respectively. These figures are generally similar to those in 2000.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Moreover, "in the context of water scarcity, vulnerability will depend on the incidence of climatic variability as well as on a person’s or community’s resilience and adaptive capacity to this stressor, as adaptive capacity is intrinsically linked to social structures, such as gender, class, caste and ethnicity" (Miletto et al., Nevertheless, persons with some kind of physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairment are disproportionately represented among those who lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation (HRC, 2010). Water and sanitation facilities may not be designed to meet the needs of persons with disabilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The institutional data collection partners will be the mining authorities at the national and subnational levels. Data are also available from governing commercial bodies such as gemstone and metallic mineral bourses and manufacturers’ associations. Mining and quarrying contribute substantially to the value of goods and services produced by many countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This article assesses the progress of and prospects for feminism in criminology. The focus is on the last 25 years of feminist research and theorizing about women offenders, victims, and workers in the criminal justice system. A general overview is provided of the directions of this scholarship, and key debates between mainstream and feminist perspectives are reviewed. The article also examines the contributions of feminist activists both within and outside the discipline to concrete social change for women victims and offenders. The article closes with a discussion of emerging trends in feminist criminology. New research and theorizing about women's experiences with crime challenge and subvert the traditional divisions and domains of mainstream criminology.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In 1997-1998, the scheme was extended to all the blocks of the country. In 2007, it was modified to cover classes VI to VIII in 3,479 educationally backward blocks and its name was changed to mid-day meal (MDM) in schools. The scheme is aimed at giving a boost to universalization of primary education by mitigating classroom hunger and improving the nutritional status of primary school children.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
More funds should be provided, however, to help implement these strategies and support the development of new ones so as to reinforce the resilience of the food production system. Several policy scenarios illustrate the potential of Government investments in physical infrastructure to drive productivity growth and enhance food production capacity. The first scenario assumes an increase of public investment in agriculture by the Government equivalent to 2 percentage points of GDP over the period 2016-2030.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This, in turn, depends on whether there have been sufficient applications by owners of degraded forested land to the call for projects in each of the federal states where land-use change takes place. Given the voluntary nature of the call for projects, the participation in each state in turn depends on local awareness of the programme, technical capacities available for applying to the programme and on the opportunity costs of carrying out restoration activities through the CUSTF versus other programmes or activities available to landowners (Garcia, 2014). Prior to 2005, the number of hectares of land compensated were, on average, lower than the area being authorised for land-use change (SEMARNAT, 2006).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Price regulation of other energy sources endures, sheltering consumers from cost changes or redistributing costs across types of consumers. End-user prices and the extent of price pass-through have also been determined taking into account the profit margins of domestic state-owned oil refineries, which dominate the Chinese market. In 2007 and early 2008 the pricing mechanism came under pressure as international oil prices surged. The government’s initial response was to hold back increases in retail prices, resulting in rising subsidies and mounting financial losses for refineries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
There are also some regions where groundwater sources have been contaminated by local industry. In 2000, the Ukrainian Government adopted a State programme to connect 848 villages from 14 oblasts to a centralized water supply. But centralized solutions were too expensive for the State to build and too expensive for rural communities to operate. The new policy on rural water supply developed in 2010 widens the options for providing services to rural communities, including decentralized, small water supply systems and "on tap" water treatment measures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
With just under 10% of its 270 total staff under permanent contracts and a lack of specialised personnel, its organisational capacity was constrained. The World Bank reports that reorganisation initiatives further debilitated the institution, leading to the discontinuation of some of its most important functions.6 This example confirms that high-level leadership committed to gender equality goals with access to potential political allies can be crucial to the mechanism’s effectiveness and long-term viability. These areas, however, have been identified among the top barriers for promoting gender equality by OECD countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Cancer is a major health challenge and its burden is increasing in Kazakhstan. Survival rates are a key indicator of effectiveness, capturing the impact of both detection and treatment. In 2013 Kazakhstan’s five-year relative survival rate in cervical cancer was less than 57%, well below the OECD average of 66% of detected cases. Kazakhstan's five-year relative survival rate in breast cancer was only 53% in 2015, comparing very unfavourably with most OECD countries (five-year relative survival rates of at least 80% in 2013) (OECD, 2015). Similarly, in colorectal cancer the survival rate of 44% puts Kazakhstan behind even the most poorly performing OECD countries, and well below the OECD average of 62%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
As a result, global SMS revenues fell from USD 82 billion in 2015 to USD 75 billion in 2016, and analysts expect that global SMS revenues will continue to decline in the next few years. Investments in developing economies are largely driving this growth, with capex increasing by USD 23.5 billion during this period, compared to a USD 10 billion reduction in the developed world. Growth of the Internet of Things (loT) and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications is creating revenue opportunities for service providers operating in mature markets, which may help to offset declining revenue trends in core business segments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This is a positive move to get away from the previous single stage career structure with no promotion opportunities within teaching. The new competency-based career structure presents a range of advantages. First, it accomplishes the important function of recognising experience and advanced teaching skills with a formal position and additional compensation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Such breakdown of medical, pharmaceutical and other social services can result in death and serious harm to those whose survival depends on them. The size of this vulnerable group may depend on the stage of development of the country and the extent to which the survival of elderly and people with a disability is dependent on the seamless provision of certain critical services. This chapter examines the nature of disaster risk (Roberts J L, 2010), and offers fresh analysis and recommendations for action with special reference to small and island states, to avert and mitigate the wide-ranging service implications of the aftershocks of disasters. Hurricane Irma in Puerto Rico in 2017 resulted in 52 direct deaths plus 82 indirect deaths, with an estimated US$64.76 billion in damage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
If 2002 information is used as a reference, the most recent figures show that in eight countries the poorest quintile saw its share of total income increase by at least one percentage point. Meanwhile in nine countries, the relative share of the richest quintile declined by 5 or more percentage points. This group's share continues to be more than 50% in five countries, compared with 2002, when this applied to 10 countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This article examines the General Assembly's history of engagement in international peace and security, and assesses the relevance of that practice to the determination of its legal competence. It first discusses the Assembly's legal competence in international peace and security as described by the UN Charter, and then provides a catalogue of precedent to illustrate that the way in which the Assembly has engaged in such matters supports the widest possible interpretation of its powers. It surveys the Assembly's engagement in four categories of cases: foreign aggression, self-determination, apartheid, and civil conflict. For each, it considers the action taken by the Security Council, how the matters came before the Assembly, and what grounds were cited for the Assembly's interventions. It then considers the nature of the Assembly's responses, including the establishment of peacekeeping forces, recommendations regarding sanctions and the use of military force, and recommendations made to the Security Council.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As noted previously, there are a number of examples of policies that have caused considerable conflict between stakeholders, and as a result strategies have become lost in claims and counter claims as well as judgements on individual rights and freedoms. The OECD has therefore called for co-operation among multiple stakeholders, including government and industry. The most promising policies are those that align the aims of government with the objectives of industry. Policy actions vary in the degree of interference, ranging from fairly light-touch actions that provide individuals with more choice, to more heavy handed approaches which involve banning products or enforcing certain types of behaviours.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It supported over 40 projects worldwide and conducted a series of meetings of stakeholder groups. The GSTC describes itself as "a global initiative dedicated to promoting sustainable tourism practices around the world". The initiative commenced in 2008 and involved some 50 expert organisations which reviewed over 60 certification schemes and 4500 criteria, inviting comments from 2000 stakeholders.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Most European pension systems now offer care-related contribution credits (Jefferson 2009:125: D’Addio 2012) and other countries around the world are increasingly introducing these provisions as well. The design and impacts of contribution credits vary across countries. Childcare absences can also be implicitly considered in the pension system when, for instance, the number of years required to obtain a full pension are relatively low.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, with global subscription penetration crossing the 100 per cent threshold in 2016, mobile markets in both developed and developing economies are poised for slow or declining revenue trends in the near future. With greater maturity levels comes increasingly intense competition, forcing service providers to transform their business models and seek alternative sources of revenue and efficiencies. Mobile phone usage patterns reflect the growing consumer appetite for mobile Internet services fuelled by the wider availability of affordable smartphones and richer media content platforms and applications.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The development of our cities will thus determine the future economic, social and territorial development of the European Union. Cities are also the places with sufficient concentration and critical mass to have the potential to put Europe on a more sustainable development trajectory. The highest unemployment rates are found in cities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Interestingly, about the same proportion of tertiary graduates employed in the education sector (70%), both public and private, considered their workplace to be highly innovative for at least one type of innovation. The most common innovation reported in the education sector was in knowledge and methods: 59% of tertiary graduates employed in the education sector considered their workplace to be highly innovative in that respect compared to 49%, on average, across all sectors (Figure 1.2). In contrast, 38% considered their workplace to be highly innovative regarding products or services (compared with 47% on average) and 36% considered their workplace as highly innovative regarding technology, tools or instruments (compared with 41% on average).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Also, issues related to the state of human health and safety, the conditions of human life, and cultural sites and built structures, in as much as they are or may be affected by the elements of the environment, are not included explicitly in the scope of environmental information. It is not clear whether providing public access to information entails any kind of security or risk assessment before the information is released. The content of the website is prepared by the Ministry's Media Office.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
However, there is a large body of evidence showing that fossil fuel subsidies are regressive. For instance, one study found that in 20 developing countries, the 20% richest households capture 43% of such subsidies (del Granado et al., Estimates by the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2011) reveal that only 8% of global fossil fuel reaches the lowest income quintile.19 Substantially reducing electricity and fossil-fuel subsidies and compensating directly the poor would result in a better resource allocation and simultaneously achieve a more equitable distribution of income.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Timing, however, is important. The potential suggested by Table 3.3 for inducing a low-carbon technological future needs tempering by the lessons of historical transitions. The current dominance of fossil fuels relates to their relative cost and performance advantages over low-carbon technologies (Smil, 2003). Initially, performance advantages dominated in historical energy transitions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
For each programme, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are set up to assess their impact on the ground and the cost-effectiveness of their implementation. For the water and sanitation progranunes, such indicators include service provision performance (number of litres per second, number of sewer connections, etc.), The difficulties encountered by some concession contracts with large multinational companies were due to a range of problems, such as incomplete initial sustainability assessments, poorly designed tender processes and contractual arrangements, and inadequate regulatory frameworks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This qualitative study, based on in‐depth semi‐structured interviews, depicts practices of seven peace educators in public elementary and secondary classrooms in the United States during the time of the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 through the US engagement in war in Afghanistan and Iraq. Focusing on individual perceptions of practice and classroom experiences, the participants described how, despite teaching at a time in which terrorism and war had become national preoccupations, they taught a pedagogy of peace that included recognition and rejection of violence, understanding of differences through dialogue, critical awareness of injustice and social justice, and imaginative understanding of peace. The study discloses a multitude of examples of both peacemaking and peacebuilding in their teaching and development of classroom cultures but a lack of emphasis on anti‐war curriculum. It also reveals the teachers’ motivations for teaching peace education, theoretical influences on their practice, t...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)