albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The centrality of SDG 12 and Goal 7 of Agenda 2063 cannot be overemphasized as their achievement is related to the realization of the entire agenda with pronounced connections to other social and environmental goals. For example, reducing food waste and post-harvest losses would contribute to the achievement of both Goals 2 and 12, while the sound management of chemicals and the reduction of pollution is critical for good health and well-being (Goal 3), as well as the preservation of the environment (Goals 13, 14 and 15). On the other hand, ensuring that industries make better use of energy and utilize clean technologies is also an imperative for Goals 7,9 and 12.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
In many countries, including in the EaP region, energy subsidy reforms are part and parcel of general energy sector reforms. The rest of this chapter discusses how the economic and policy environment condition the pace and breadth of energy subsidy reforms in the EaP region. Ukraine is by far the largest of the six economies, followed by Azerbaijan and Belarus, whose GDP is roughly equivalent, and then Georgia, Armenia and Moldova (Table 1.6).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
These circumstances push women to abandon employment after they marry and have children. One survey carried out in three capital cities (Amman, Cairo and Sana’a) estimated that married women in these urban areas were 13 to 24 per cent less likely to participate in the labour market than single women. Furthermore, marriage was found to be a more decisive criterion for women’s lack of participation in the labour force than was having children. The same study also interviewed men to ascertain their perspectives on female participation in the workforce, and found that over one third of the male respondents expressed their explicit objections to women seeking formal work.193 It should be noted, though, that such findings vary greatly depending on the country and the methodology used.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In particular, between June 2013 and June 2014, the survey administered a Child Needs module, somewhat similar to that used for the EU-SILC surveys in the European Union and to the Expanded Household Budget Survey (EHBS) conducted in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 2011 (see Chzhen and Ferrone 2016).The Child Needs module includes items specific to children aged 6-17, although the household reference person answers these questions on behalf of all children in this age group in the household. In other words, children do not fill out the Child Needs module themselves. The final sample for the study consists of 5,519 children 0 to 17 years old, in 3,461 households, interviewed over 2013 and 2014.This is a subsample of the general ILCS sample, but is still representative at national level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
It provides information and discussion on policies for the successful adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) across the economy. These case studies are made available in the Annex of the report. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Better infrastructure is expected to raise female labour force participation. One way to measure it is the “women most-say index” developed by Montag (Montag 2011). The index counts the number of cases in which the respondent identified herself as the one who has the most say in a household in response to the following 5 questions: What do you cook on a daily basis, whether to buy an expensive item such as a TV or fridge, how many children do you have, what do you do if a child falls sick, and who should your children marry?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Clearly set criteria would also help to identify schools and regions that perform particularly well and that use innovative approaches to improve their performance. This would allow information about good practice to be shared. This approach is consistent with the broader principles of good governance in decentralised systems in other areas of public policy (see for example OECD, 2003).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Next Generation of Individual Account Pension Reforms in Latin America." Social Security Bulletin, 71, no. Gender, Ageing and the ‘New Social Settlement’: The Importance of Developing a Holistic Approach to Care Policies." Current Sociology, 55, no. Retiring the State: The Politics of Pension Privatization in Latin America and Beyond. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This approach will also have to be considered in the new Austrian RTI Strategy. It also requires co-operation between research performing and funding organisations, business, government and stakeholders as w'ell as new funding and governance structures. This will help to harness Horizon Europe in ways that further develop Austria’s STI capacities. To achieve this, support long-term collaboration on societal challenges between universities, PRIs, businesses, public administration and other actors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Some countries further differentiate the minimum wage by sector/occupation (e.g. Japan and Mexico) and lower rates are sometimes set for workers on training/apprenticeships, and for disabled workers. By contrast, in a small countiy like Latvia, there are considerable practical difficulties of introducing geographic differentiation of minimum wages. These difficulties, combined with the large regional wage disparities in Latvia, underline the need to exercise great caution when deciding on across-the-board minimum-wage adjustments, in order to avoid negative employment effects especially in lagging regions. More widespread collective bargaining would ensure better representation of worker interests in the wage setting process and remuneration in line with productivity for a larger number of workers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This is especially true for girls. Similarly, a lack of productive assets, such as land, is another channel through which poverty' is transmitted from parents to children. In particular, die hunger trap contributes to maintaining poverty in later years for the victims, who are young and children. This causes poverty' and hunger to persist in adult life, as well.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Indicators of deprivation in health are difficult to define, since most routine information in surveys refers to temporary illnesses during reference periods. This speaks of the need to include more suitable child health indicators in household surveys, measuring access to healthcare rather than temporary health status, which could be accomplished without increasing the length of the questionnaire by an excessive amount. More suitable indicators for health for example would be compliance with routine check-ups or vaccinations, and possibly access to health insurance, while for child development valuable information would be provided by asking about appropriate toys and parents' engagement with children up to three years old.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In general, low-skilled workers and those who predominantly carry out repetitive tasks are more vulnerable in the face of automation and thus require special attention on the path towards inclusive economic development. However, an intersectoral perspective suggests that automation could in fact promote a path towards gender inclusive manufacturing development. The main reason is the declining importance of physical strength due to advanced automation. Moreover, many governments have placed the creation of gender-equal employment opportunities at the top of their agendas, thus promoting an inclusive environment for future expansion (Alibhai et al, 2017).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
These also P encourage the assessment and management of climate risk in relevant sectors. However, there is still a long way to go before the right instruments and institutions are in place to explicitly incorporate climate change risk into policies and projects, increase private-sector engagement in adaptation actions and integrate climate change adaptation into development co-operation. Ambitious mitigation action substantially lowers the risk of catastrophic climate change. The cost of reaching the 2 °C goal would slow global GDP growth from 3.5 to 3.3% per year (or by 0.2 percentage-points) on average, costing roughly 5.5% of global GDP in 2050. This cost should be compared with the potential cost of inaction, which could be as high as 14% of average world consumption per capita according to some estimates (Stem, 2006). Delayed or only moderate action up to 2020 (such as implementing the Copenhagen/Cancun pledges only, or waiting for better technologies to come on stream) would increase the pace and scale of efforts needed after 2020.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In addition, 53% of poor children have a father employed full time full year in 2014, compared to 66% in 2007. Household income is equivalised using the square root scale. The term ‘standard of living’ refers to the equivalised disposable income. Each bar reflects the contribution of changes in family and work characteristics to the evolution of income, and the last white bar shows the percentage change of the income quantile that is not explained by changes in any of the observed household characteristics. The contribution is positive (resp. For instance, market income of ‘poor’ children in two-parent families increased by 3% in two-parent families from 2007 to 2014, change in educational attainment of parents in these families tended to raise the family income threshold of the poorest 25% children by almost 4%, but this effect was offset by the negative effects mainly related to changes in housing status (-3%) and fathers' employment status (-1.1%).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The initiatives of ESCAP for the Asian Highway and the Trans-Asian Railway networks can be traced back to the late 1950s and early 1960s. With regard to the Asian Highway, to date, only 32.8 per cent of the network, which spans 142,781 km of roads passing through 32 member States, reaches the two highest categories of road class. A total of 9,176 km, or 7.3 per cent, still needs to be upgraded to meet minimum standards, and the poor quality of several segments is affecting usability.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This chapter focuses on the nature of social policy with reference to mental health policy and planning of services. The contribution of the discipline of clinical psychology in the formulation of policies has been discussed. Epidemiological data pertaining to the prevalence of mental disorders in India have been presented to highlight the enormity and magnitude of the problem. A critique of current policies has been presented. The final section deals with critical issues which have important implications for policy planning. These include a discussion on human rights, stigma, and family caregiving and cultural factors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As a point of departure, no foreign-flagged vessel can be interfered with without a legal basis. The fundaments of this are vested in three principles: The freedom of the high seas, exclusive jurisdiction of flag States over vessels and the principle of non-intervention. These principles also lead to the conclusion that, as a point of departure, in international law interfering with a foreign-flagged vessel is considered an exception to the rule. Current focus on enhancing maritime security has put pressure on these principles as political engagement in maritime security starts from an opposite idea: everything and everyone at sea should be under a certain level of control.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
While concessional financing and grants are needed to pilot and demonstrate the business case for green growth, as well as replicate these business models to lower transaction costs, these will only lead to scale up of approaches if they are defined with clear and time-bound exit strategies. Development finance institutions - specialised agencies set up to engage with the private sector for development - have the skills and knowhow to effectively engage the private sector, however, in order for them to play a major role in climate action, their efforts need to move beyond renewable energy to energy efficiency, adaptation, sustainable forestry and agriculture etc. While these organisations and programmes are subject to strong environment and social safeguards systems it is important that private sector engagement goes beyond ‘do no harm’ to ‘do more good’.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This paper presents a study of how companies in New Zealand's electricity and gas retail sector communicate their Corporate Environmental Citizenship (CEC) on the World Wide Web. The natural environment is the focal issue for analyzing the way these companies present their commitment to the community and society in general, for two reasons. First, concern for and management of the natural environment is one of the most important social issues facing corporations. Second, prior empirical studies of corporate communication of social responsibility initiatives have investigated the extent and content of these messages without focusing on a particular issue. A content analysis of the web pages of 18 companies in an environmentally sensitive industry was chosen to investigate which environmental issues and stakeholder groups are given priority and how companies' attitudes to stakeholders and relationships with them are described. The results demonstrate an instrumental reformist moral position underlying their...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
An increase in the participation of women in the labour market: Change or reproduction of inequality?], World Bank Social Protection Discussion Paper Series, No. Experimental evidence from India”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol 127/2, pp. Jobs for Youth, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264096127-en.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The New Urban Agenda, adopted at Habitat III, supports the implementation of SDG 11 and outlines a new paradigm. Fundamental to this paradigm is a shared vision where cities and human settlements fulfill their social function, engender a sense of belonging and ownership amongst all inhabitants, practise civic engagement, empower women and girls, meet the challenges and opportunities of future growth enhancing urban economies and value-added activities, and link people, places, services and economic activities. This includes cities and human settlements that strengthen sustainable urban transport and mobility, ICT communication networks, e-government strategies, as well as citizen-centric digital governance tools, tapping into technological innovations. Digital technologies have impacted urban development and management over recent years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Abstract   E-government is increasingly being used to improve transparency in the government sector and to combat corruption. Using institutional theory as an analytical perspective, this study documents and evaluates the development of an anti-corruption system called OPEN (Online Procedures ENhancement for civil application) in the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Incorporating three distinctive (yet interrelated) dimensions of institutionalization (regulatory/coercive, cognitive/mimetic, and normative), and four anti-corruption strategies embedded in the system, this study investigates how an e-government system for anti-corruption in a local government has evolved and become a prototype of a national system to be used for the same purpose. The findings show that in implementing OPEN, a system for anti-corruption, the regulatory dimension was most effective, and (as in many IS implementations) strong leadership was crucial to its success.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Men smoke relatively heavily, and among older Arab women obesity is a concern. And, at least according to a self-reporting survey, both Arab men and women do considerably less physical exercise compared with the rest of the population (Figure 2.14). For example, the OECD’s report on the quality of health care draws attention to low uptake of cancer screening among Arab and Ultra-orthodox Jewish women (OECD, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The results also suggest that the timing of acquiring cognitive skills is a less significant factor. Unlike the Danish study comparing PISA and PIAAC results, this comparison for England is not based on longitudinal data. But it does show a worrying trend for England as it shifts from an average ranking on the PISA tests to a bottom ranking position on the PIAAC assessments for those in their late teens, and only a slightly better outcome for those in their early 20’s. This finding poses a stark question for British policy makers: why did young people in other OECD countries make greater progress in literacy and numeracy skills between the ages of 15 and the early 20s than their English peers?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Due to this project, however, the medical services now respond when symptoms occur, medical accessibility has improved and treatment is prescribed to patients when there are changes in their condition, thereby contributing to their overall health improvement (see figure 8). Based on the end of project survey, 87.9 per cent of the participants were satisfied with the service overall. And 90.0 per cent said the service helped improve their health. Quality care was provided and emergency response was possible, with the part-time doctors responding from afar through the telemedicine devices and the monitoring of their patients. The pilot project was expanded nationwide in late 2016 to nursing homes with more than 70 beds (Hyun and Yang, 2004). The project investigated the effects of health-promoting lifestyles of older persons on their health condition, feelings of depression and quality of life.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Develop a strategy to raise education quality in small primary schools. Steps should be taken to consolidate or close small schools when others nearby can provide better quality'. The MEP should ensure that the remaining small remote schools receive adequate, appropriate educational materials as well as support in establishing links with other schools to share resources, break isolation, and exchange good practices.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Monitoring will be important, and it is encouraging that the CRGE will be building up a national data centre: this will need to cover the breadth of inclusive green growth criteria above. While a monitoring and statistical system that assesses linked human and ecosystem wellbeing may be missing and is far-off, Ethiopia’s separate environment and development/poverty monitoring systems could now be encouraged to find areas of convergence. The CRGE’s international strategy is aimed at attracting international climate finance and support from development partners.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The authors would like to thank the Swedish authorities, as well as OECD colleagues, Christophe Andr6 and Vincent Koen (Economics Department), William Thorn (Education Directorate), Emily Farchy, Kristoffer Lundberg and Guillermo Montt (Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Directorate) for helpful comments and suggestions. Thomas Chalaux provided statistical research, and Mercedes Burgos and Nadine Dufour secretarial assistance. When controlling for a set of socio-demographic variables, a one-standard-deviation increase in literacy proficiency is associated with 85% higher odds of being employed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Finnish Ministry of the Environment (2009), Towards a Recycling Society - the National Waste Plan for 2016, p. 31. Based on email exchange with Cesar Rafael Chavez, Secretary of Development and Environmental Regulations, SEMARNAT Mexico, September 2009. The review involved identifying a broad list of challenges and these were then narrowed down by a combination of their importance to Nippon’s business strategies and the level of stakeholder interest. This effort reduced the key priority issues from 28 to 7 and a final effort consolidated them into 3 key material issues: establishing a recycling-oriented society, development of environment-friendly technologies, and implementation of initiatives regarding climate change problems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
For example, in Slovenia the net targeted and minimum pension benefits were worth around 40% and 93% of the poverty threshold in 2008, respectively. In Belgium, in contrast they were both above 100% of the poverty threshold (see Whitehouse et al., Through stigma, ignorance of eligibility, and the cost and complexity of claiming, less than 100% of those entitled to such benefits take them up. In the United Kingdom, for example, figures for 2009-10 show that only between 62% and 68% of people eligible for the means-tested pension credit took it up.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
ABSTRACTWhile evidence-based policy-making is increasingly in demand, as new policies are required to bring effective results to targeted groups in South Korea and China, few studies have investigated the progress of quantitative impact evaluation that focuses on causality. This paper studies the trends of quantitative impact evaluation of public policy in South Korea and China by surveying major public administration and public policy journals in these two countries from 2000 to 2015. Among published articles in the major journals, our study pool includes research articles directly related to quantitative impact evaluation. Our study found that there has been considerable progress in impact evaluation research in South Korea and China in both data quality and empirical methods. However, empirical impact evaluation still comprises a small fraction (only one to two percent) of all research in public administration and public policy in both countries. We also found limited discussion on the selection mechan...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The information to be produced for this topic should be mainly descriptive, but may also include monetary statistics on budgets. It is usually compiled at the national level but should also cover subnational levels and natural resources (e.g., rivers, forests). This topic refers to policy responses to regulate and establish acceptable limits for protecting the environment and human health. It entails both direct regulatory and economic instruments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Critical scholarship in Political Science and International Relations (IR) theory is turning increasingly to Michel Foucault's writings on governmentality and biopolitics to explore the complex discursive interdependencies between transnational governance and the War on Terror. Marxist critics have assailed this effort recently, however, for its premature assumption that the practices of governmental power can simply be “scaled” without the interventions of specific state-imperial powers. Yet both sides in this “debate about biopolitics” seem to rest their arguments on readings of Foucault which ignore his views on the importance of developments in the discourses of political economy for the emergence of modern governmental relations. Inspired by Foucault's recently published lectures on importance of the concept of “economic man” for neoliberal governmentality in particular, this article suggests that Foucault attributed to governmentality an explicit impulse toward economic globalization. Moreover, base...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)