albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Cultural and other factors affect the willingness of employers and employees to try FWAs. Company cultures may also affect these attitudes (Komarraju, 2006). Trust between employers and employees is critical to the success of FWAs, with traditional forms of oversight augmented or replaced by output-based evaluations of performance. In some countries, the private sector (and multinational firms in particular) has taken the lead on the issue.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Nowadays the process of collecting and exchanging the information and data is moving very fast, in particular due to the fact that for each subject area related to biodiversity a database has been established. Several respondents to the UNEP Survey 2014 reported that their country had a general Convention Committee as a coordination mechanism for NFPs. One respondent highlighted that all NFPs related to biodiversity are members of the national advisory bodies of the other conventions (National Ramsar Convention Committee, National Biodiversity Committee, National Biosafety Committee, and the National Committee on Plant Genetic Resources etc).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In Sweden, some county councils placed restrictions preventing any kind of direct contact between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry (Moise and Docteur, 2007). Rather than taking such an extreme measure, restrictions such as allowing only group visits would preserve the educational value of the visits of sales representatives and could reduce the likelihood of undue influence of the pharmaceutical industry through this channel. This approach could also underpin the prioritisation process. It was seen as an important step to make health care provision more equitable, increase the quality of care and improve the efficiency of health care delivery.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In the field of environmental and ethical-social accountability models present in Italy, it is possible to distinguish between process standards (SA 8000, Accountability model 1000, Q-RES project, Copenhagen Charter) and product standards (Bagnoli 2010). The latter include the GRI model, the GBS model, which is the subject of this chapter, the unified standard ABI/IBS, the Federcasse model, and the Italian Ministry of Labor and Social Policy (CSR-SC Project 2003) (see Baldarelli 2007, Biglietti 2004). The management systems are placed alongside the accountability models and integrated reporting models (see Chap. 3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The countries in Central Asia all have social protection systems in place, though the relevance, focus and mix of instruments varies. It provides a forum for the assessment of development risks (especially around the interplay of vulnerability to natural disasters with potential political conflict, with respect to water, energy and ethnicity) and for improving coordination around the development/humanitarian nexus. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion on social policy effectiveness, particularly in terms of mitigating the impact of high food and energy prices on vulnerable households.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
But even in the case of these programmes, sanctions are rarely enforced. Monitoring and enforcement of sanctions increase the cost of the programme and can have adverse effects on participation in the programmes for the poorest individuals, in particular for those in poor remote areas, for whom transportation cost can be high. Interestingly, there is evidence that mild verification and less-than-perfect enforcement could still work as even the announcement of conditionalities in a CT programme may induce participants to comply (Grosh et al, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In some ways, food aid is an outmoded form of assistance, and it is surprising to see diat the region still receives more dian 2 million tons per year. Most of diis continues to be shipped long distances, which can be slow and inefficient, and may not deliver food that is culturally appropriate (FAO 2006). Such transfers not only give recipients greater freedom regarding how to use the money, but the transfers offer greater benefits than even locally-sourced food in stimulating the local economy through multiplier effects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (hereinafter, “PLHIV”) face barriers at each stage of the criminal justice process, including prosecution for non-disclosure of HIV status. Justice institutions reinforce the stigma of HIV, which has perverse consequences for HIV prevention and treatment services. This article takes a critical criminological approach to “HIV criminalization,” using the frames of queer criminology and epidemiological criminology to analyze both the punishment of “deviant” sex and the public health consequences of HIV stigma. Finally, this article offers a comprehensive consideration of the criminal justice barriers that PLHIV face in light of current criminological research, providing both mainstream and critical criminologists new insights into the social construction of deviance, legitimacy of institutions, definition of victims, and purposes of punishment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
These agreements only focus on the benefits of energy resources exchange and do not look at the long-term balanced use of water. This can cause early drawdown of the Toktogul Reservoir and huge losses in both the pow'er and water sectors of the republics. Further, 3 767 houses with yards have been moved from the area of flooding.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This initiative was the first in the country to be managed by a local government. The number of C02 certification certificates issued has risen year on year from 3 in 2007, to 20 in 2008, to 28 in 2009. The first initiative under this system was the establishment of a wood-based biomass mixed incinerator facility at the Sumitomo Osaka Cement Company, Kochi Plant (in Suzaki).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
To shed light on the relative importance of these two factors, they will be discussed separately as far as possible. A number of measurement choices are crucial for the interpretation of results. Some of them are dictated by data availability, while others are a reflection of the purpose of the study at hand. The purpose in this paper is to isolate the direct impact of government redistribution policies on income inequalities among non-elderly households.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The provision of a performance guarantee can be also be insured by a commercial reinsurance company to provide solar plant operators and investors with greater planning security, which will give investors, including institutional investors, more confidence about revenue derived from projects (Munich RE, 2010). In the case of sustainable energy projects, surety bonds are useful to ensure project completion if a contractor defaults. Project contractors purchase these surety bonds from surety companies which assume liability for nonperformance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
At the state level, women held an average of 25.6% of seats in the unicameral congresses in 2013, which rose to 38% in 2016. Quotas are also symbolically important in that they help alter negative perceptions of women in power and increase their electability. In bodies which have not taken special temporary measures or affirmative action - which include the executive, the 13 state governments still to adopt parity requirements in their municipal councils, and the judiciary- wide gender gaps persist in women’s representation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The slowdown of the growth of the trade volumes could already be observed in 2007, with an annual growth rate of 7.2% for total world trade transactions in goods and services, less than the 9.2% growth rate recorded in 2006 (figure 2). This decline corresponds to reduced export volumes of -12.5% and -11.7%, respectively for advanced economies, and emerging and developing economies, in 2009. The growth rate of world trade volumes could become positive in 2010 according to these same projections, to reach 5.8%, 5.9% and 5.4% in 2010 and 6.3%, 5.6% and 7.8% in 2011, respectively for the total volume of world trade, exports for advanced economies and exports for emerging and developing economies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
For example, the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” in the North Pacific Ocean accumulates a huge amount of litter, covering a surface estimated to be at least equal to the size of Texas. The coasts are popular tourist destinations with numerous opportunities for recreation and relaxation. Recreational fisheries are an important economic activity for many local communities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Further, despite support for agricultural modernisation and economic diversification, the transformation of rural areas has proceeded slowly in many cases. Rural residents account for a large share of the population (approximately 40%) and the well-being of rural residents is critical to the growth and prosperity of the country. Poverty is the highest in rural areas and the highest among agricultural households and as such, there is a clear need for rural policies to support economic diversification and employment in order to help raise rural dwellers’ quality of life. Further, Poland has a polycentric settlement pattern with small and medium-sized cities dispersed throughout its territory.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Attention should be paid to addressing the concerns expressed in the global staff surveys and the gaps between men’s and women’s positive experiences with respect to empowerment, professional growth, openness, fairness, respect, work-life balance and office management. Online training courses should be independently assessed to determine whether they are useful and should be continued. In addition, the mentorship programming implemented in the regional bureaux for Africa and Asia and the Pacific and the leadership programmes being made available are examples of targeted investments with coaching and benchmarks. The efficacy and impact of these recent initiatives should be carefully tracked, assessed and reported to the GSIC.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
As discussed above, there are wide variations in the size, mix and progressivity of both taxes levied on and cash transfers paid to households. Indicators on tax and transfer policies have been assembled, which were brought together in country profiles. Indicators on tax and transfers policies have also been used to identify groups of countries sharing broadly comparable welfare systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The total area of palm oil plantations owned by both companies and smallholders expanded from 5.7 in 2004 to 8.1 million ha in 2010 (almost one-fifth of the total crop area). Investment in biofuels has been driven by subsidies and mandatory requirements for the domestic use of biofuels in transportation, industry and power generation and by exports. In particular, the government is focusing on six economic corridors as growth centres through its Master Plan 2011-2025.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Log of trade costs used. Moreover, country ad valorem transport costs of 20 per cent on both final output and intermediate goods reduce domestic value added (including wages and profits) by 60 per cent when intermediate goods account for 50 per cent of costs. The implication is that because of geographical location, foreign firms might be reluctant to move or relocate their production to these countries - even when wages are low (Redding and Venables 2001). It has been argued that distance matters more in supply chains and, even with today’s information and communications technology revolution, global production networks are likely to remain concentrated in low-wage nations that are near, or even contiguous with, high-technology nations (Baldwin 2011). This reality poses a major challenge to the current GVC narrative. The fragmentation process of the future will be different from that of the past and is likely to be at a much lower level of disaggregation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The claim that open trade promotes peace has sparked heated debate among scholars and policymakers for centuries. Until recently, however, this claim remained untested and largely unexplored. Economic Interdependence and International Conflict clarifies the state of current knowledge about the effects of foreign commerce on political-military relations and identifies the avenues of new research needed to improve our understanding of this relationship. The contributions to this volume offer crucial insights into the political economy of national security, the causes of war, and the politics of global economic relations.Edward D. Mansfield is Hum Rosen Professor of Political Science and Co-Director of the Christopher H. Browne Center for International Politics at the University of Pennsylvania.Brian M. Pollins is Associate Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University and a Research Fellow at the Mershon Center.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
He/she calls, presides over and concludes any sessions of the General Meeting and the Board of Directors, as well as directs their discussions. The president adopts any urgent measure that the proper mnning of MedCities makes advisable or that proves necessary or useful in undertaking its activities, with no detriment to rendering account to the Board of Directors thereafter. The vice-president shall stand in for the president in his/her absence, on grounds of illness or for any other reason, and shall have the same attributes as the president.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
However, none of these encounters resulted in the victim being freed because the health care professional failed to recognize the true condition. In a study of casualty unit personnel it was found that only 3% had ever had any training in recognizing trafficking victims (Chisolm-Strike and Richardson 2007). Health and Human Services, USA, provides a list of indicators for health care professionals to identify victims in its Rescue and Restore Campaign. The identification of being a victim of sexual trafficking is important for the right to health care (Dovydaitis 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Tourism in the Mashreq and Maghreb dwindled in the face of heightened security risks. Balance-of-payments conditions have generally tightened in the region, reflecting the lack of foreign funds available to countries with current account deficits. In GCC countries, weak international commodity prices dampened other inflationary pressures, such as the rising price of utilities, owing to subsidy reforms. Low inflation in the eurozone had an impact on several countries, including Jordan, Lebanon and Mauritania.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
ABSTRACTThe current internationalization trends in higher education and educational language policies impel universities to plan their provision of foreign languages. Often, universities are developing language policies, redesigning their foreign language programs and seeking to foster bilingual or multilingual strategies within graduate and undergraduate programs in order to respond to these trends and to students’ new needs for a solid education in an increasingly interconnected world. Drawing on Johnson’s heuristics of language policy analysis [Johnson, D. C. (2009). Ethnography of language policy. Language Policy, 8, 139–159], this paper will share how explicit as well as implicit policy is being created by different agents at the largest state-funded higher education institution in the southwestern region of Colombia. The paper will then locate the initiatives for the teaching and learning of English and other foreign languages within the discourses that circulate around English as lingua franca, aca...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
When the policy environment is conducive. In particular, this is the case in regions with a favourable investment climate, limited regulations on direct transactions between companies and farms, well defined grades and standards and the presence of farmer organisations that link farmers and firms. The participating firms are selected on the basis of criteria including capacity to provide technology and training, and receive preferential treatment such as government loans and access to land (Lohmar et al., Nevertheless, by examining farmer surveys from villages mostly in Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Shandong provinces, Guo and Jolly (2009) conclude that the proportion of households engaged in contract farming is relatively low and well below the proportion willing to produce under contract, owing to an absence of opportunities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Municipalities are responsible for the development and approval of management plans for all private forests on their territory. In fact, the Agency' was never established. It was considered that it would not be practical to create it and that the more rational option was to change the law. The collected funds from the lease of forestland should be used for maintenance and improvement of state forests as well as for raising new forests.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The work also investigates alternative implementation strategies, namely replacing vs. preserving existing bus rapid transit (BRT) networks. In Auckland, simulations indicate that preserving BRT corridors is always more advantageous than replacing them. In areas characterised by low frequency bus services, however, existing performance appears to be worse than that which could be achieved by shared mobility services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In an increasingly globalized world, there have been mounting calls for social accountability with respect to recognizing Indigenous and nonwhite human rights within nation states. Thus, this perspective paper reflects on the Canadian occupational therapy journey for social change with a specific focus on Indigenous fieldwork experiences. First, we describe the importance of cultural safety in occupational therapy practice and partnership development. Then we profile a unique and successful fieldwork experience as a guide for facilitating transformative learning during an Indigenous fieldwork placement. The results of a national portrait evaluation of Indigenous fieldwork across Canada and considerations for future actions are also presented. The time is right to create further opportunities to develop creative, constructive dialogue and strategic thinking to engage in and evolve occupational therapy fieldwork education in forward-looking partnerships with Indigenous stakeholders, services and communities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Special thanks go to Nadine Dufour and Pascal Halim for editorial support. This Working Paper relates to Chapter 5 of the OECD’s 2011 Economic Survey of India twww.oecd.org/eco/sun evs/indiak The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD, the Indian authorities or OECD member countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Agarwal (1997) argues that gender norms often prevent women from acting overtly in dieir own self-interest, and this may result in the appearance of compliance. Mabsout and Van Staveren (2010) point out that women's ability to exercise dieir bargaining power derived from earnings are affected by social norms and inequalities in markets including labour market as well as state support or actions (or lack thereof). However, only a few studies have examined the factors affecting women's role as household managers and care providers using household and other surveys.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
As a result, the PCF labelling schemes used by different private retailers are a concern. Ecolabels (like other quality standard systems) will tend to work against smaller producers.7 The fixed costs of certification and the inevitable restructuring of management systems are more easily borne by those producers with larger revenues over which to spread those costs. In addition, buyers tend to prefer larger producers, and will buy from them in preference to smaller producers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In 2006, women accounted for 29% of MSME owners in manufacturing. As in India, traditions and customs weigh on Indonesian female entrepreneurs, particularly in rural areas and among some ethnic groups. The situation of women entrepreneurs seem to have progressed at a faster pace in China, where female entrepreneurship boomed after the establishment of the new economic model in 1995.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The liquidity position of the country’s banks improved but credit growth remained weak and had a dampening impact on inflation. Because of slower growth of GDP in 2012 and the winding down of tsunami-related construction, inflationary pressures are expected to subside in 2013. In Tonga, inflation decelerated from 6.2% in 2011 to 1.2% in 2012.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
New trading applications and increased degrees of automation can be opened up for engaging parties, while robust carbon accounting can be rolled up to regional and national levels. For instance the tracking of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) provides a means for transparent technical and expert reviews, preventing double registration, while automating processes using smart contracts (GHG Protocol, 2018). Article 6 of the Agreement can thus be operationalised in a virtual environment. With established players like the Energy Web Foundation, important steps have been made towards developing the suggested platform.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
ABSTRACT:  This paper uses the template of institutional theory to explore the impact of organizational de-legitimation on its technical core. To operationalize this, social network theory is used to guide an exploratory study of the diaspora of Andersen employees. The results suggest an unusually high degree of entrepreneurial activity is unleashed once the confining legitimacy of the organizational structure is dissolved. It also shows that the value of social capital possessed by Andersen professionals changed in character and possibly increased in value. The paper offers contributions to institutional theory and the practice of modern accounting.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
During the Second Sudanese Civil War, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army published a weekly newspaper entitled  SPLA/SPLM Update . This article builds on previous scholarship about the role of Christianity in the Sudanese civil conflict by revealing how the  SPLM/SPLA Update  was an essential medium of the conflict and contributed to its framing in religious terms. The  Update  published content that constituted a martial theology pitting the SPLA against the National Islamic Front, the party of the Muslim Brothers under Hassan Turabi’s leadership. It interpreted events using biblical and ancient Israelite templates, placed circumstances in a narrative trajectory, and transformed political history into a spiritual chronicle. In so doing, it attracted readers beyond the geographic borders of Sudan, situating Christian Sudan in a contemporary global Sudanese diaspora while also reaching into the ancient past to locate the contemporary struggles of Sudanese Christians in an older story of divine chosenness.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)