albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Most are concentrated in relatively developed areas in southern and eastern coastal provinces adjacent to traditional economic centres. High product homogenization, and resulting intense competition among e-commerce merchants, is a new trend emerging from these villages. This homogenization ensures the volume needed to make the villages attractive to logistics companies. Other rural villages located further from economic hubs - and therefore lacking adequate basic infrastructure - have to find alternative ways to develop. Some of this is due to the absence or low efficiency of transport hubs, such as ports and airports. Weak infrastructure that connects remote areas to those hubs is another problem that can exacerbate inequalities between different groups within countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Better educated women fully recognize the importance of health care and education, and know how to seek them for themselves and their children (OECD, 2012a). In this manner, education helps reduce child and maternal mortality as well as increase school attendance among future generations. Girls who have been educated are likely to marry later and have smaller and healthier families.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Work-life balance in this framework encompasses not only measures that would be expected to be closely related to decisions to work for pay or profit given family or care responsibilities, but also attempts to measure time allocation between time spent in a job(s) and time spent in private life. The Resolution concerning the Measurement of Working Time34, adopted by the Eighteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians in 2008, established international statistical standards for seven concepts of working time associated with the productive activities of a person and performed in a job. The indicators in this dimension refer to the concept of hours usually worked.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The threats facing the oceans are many and include unsustainable and destructive fishing practices, illegal and unreported fishing, pollution from both land-based and ship-based sources, habitat destruction, the introduction of invasive species, ocean noise, ship strikes (collisions between cetaceans and vessels), the mining of minerals, and the extraction of oil and gas. The adverse impacts resulting from these activities act cumulatively with the effects of ocean acidification, ocean warming, shifting currents, reduced mixing and decreasing oxygen levels. While marine ecosystems and species might be able to withstand one type or intensity of impact, they are much more severely affected by a combination of effects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
It strives to include a diverse number of voices and views in the policy-making process. While inclusive policy making enhances transparency, accountability and public participation and builds civic capacity, it also offers a way for governments to improve their policy performance by working with citizens, civil society organisations, businesses and other stakeholders to deliver concrete improvements in policy outcomes and the quality of public services. Building awareness and understanding among policy makers of the potentially different effects of policy choices on men and women is key to inclusive policy making in various domains.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These include water-related events (such as droughts, floods or water impacts from pollution), a stable economy, political conditions that support the proposed reform, and advances from past reforms. Second, the review identifies some of the reform design features which are important in facilitating reform adoption. These include the preparation time before reforms, building a coalition of the willing, and including some type of compensation for farmers. For instance, undertaking a rapid and significant change in water policy rather than a gradual one may reduce the initial transaction costs, but will likely require more implementation efforts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The six countries have amended or adopted new constitutions since 2011 that incorporate the principles of gender equality or non-discrimination. They recognise that the participation of women in the economy is key for growth and shared prosperity. This recognition at the constitutional level sends a strong and encouraging signal. As it is incorporated and implemented through the domestic legal framework, it will facilitate women’s involvement in the economy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
On average, domestic material consumption in OECD countries dropped by nearly 11% between 2007 and 2011, while GDP remained virtually level. If productivity is measured relative to 2007 consumption levels, gains are reduced. Using this concept helps analyse and assess the linkages between environmental degradation and economic development. In practice, the measurement of decoupling refers to the relative growth rates of a pressure on the environment and of an economically relevant variable to which it is causally linked.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Some of the copies of the questionnaire were distributed to schools in Mokhotlong district during teaching practice school visits. As a result the participating schools for Mokhotlong districts are not many schools. For Qacha's Nek the questionnaire was completed by LCE Distance Teacher Education Primary (DTEP) student teachers who attended contact session in Qacha's Nek in September, 2010.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Centralised procurement of publicly paid pharmaceuticals for hospital services has been one of the targets of the 2014-2018 Health System Quality and Efficiency Improvement project supported by the World Bank, but has so far not been achieved. However, there has been progress in monitoring over-prescription by individual physicians and discussing corrective actions with them. The National Health Plan is the medium-term planning tool (with a timeframe of about three years), setting out broad tasks and goals, priority areas and the health needs of particular population groups. It also specifies actors responsible for implementation, deadlines and benchmarking criteria. As health needs assessment is not well developed in Croatia, these objectives are based on basic health monitoring and on existing health care structures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Since its founding, the university has made great strides in the quality and breadth of its academic and research programmes, quality of its academic staff and in undergraduate and graduate enrolments. Designation as an APEX University, a designation to become one of the top performing higher education institutions worldwide in international ranking, is a singular achievement (MoHE, 2007). In its vision as an APEX university, the Universiti Sains Malaysia has set forth an impressive agenda, Transforming Higher Education for a Sustainable Tomorrow (USM, 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The current top-down approach, with the government deciding what extension advice is to be provided to farmers, should be re-oriented towards a greater role given to farmers who could guide extension services according to their needs. While the current use of a competitive bidding process for the selection of extension projects creates the possibility for more efficient allocation of resources, there appears to be potential for overlap in projects awarded at the central and local government levels. Viet Nam has made significant steps in removing quantitative restrictions on trade.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The methodology is quite transparent and can be confidently used by relevant stakeholders, provided the data exist and they are credible. It is a reasonably simple indicator to communicate although the connection between food consumption and food waste needs to be explained. However there are some gaps in the dataset (especially for Denmark and Iceland).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Bloemfontein is a historical city in South Africa and the location of the Supreme Court of Appeal. The two big nationalist movements in South Africa started in Bloemfontein: the African National Congress and the National Party. Today, the city is attractive to young people as it is relatively safe compared to other big cities and the quality of life is good.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Target industries have shifted as well over time, from export-oriented industries in 1960-70s to R&D and innovation activities and investments were made to transform industrial complexes into knowledge-based centres. ( Many of government ministries and public organisations have been collectively relocated to the Multi-functional Administrative City Sejong, and other public organisations including research institutions have transferred to 10 newly constructed Innovation Cities to play leading roles in forming regional innovation systems. Enterprise cities aim to revitalise regional economies through encouraging private investment, providing incentives on land use and tax. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This section presents available data on reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health, lifestyle, and health risk factors and health facilities, expenditures and resources across the Arab region. A decrease was also experienced in Lebanon, namely byl per cent (from 63 in 2000 to 62 in 2009) in contraception use of any method while contraception use of modem methods increased by 16 per cent (from 40 in 2001 to 56 in 2009). The modem types of contraceptive use include female and male sterilization, oral hormonal pills, intrauterine device, male condom, injectables, implant, vaginal barrier methods, female condom, and emergency contraception.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The average figure also masks large differences across regions in Kazakhstan. The number of annual contacts ranges from 2.0 in Astana to 9.7 in Mangystau, and some parts of the population are likely to have very limited access to primary care. In addition, poor coverage of outpatient prescription medicines limits both the effectiveness (and appeal) of care at PHC level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Political science has not developed a strong sub-field in the politics of education. Three recent works on education policy under New Labour suggest strategies for applying insights drawn from the discipline of political science to the study of the field of education. One strand of existing scholarship on education policy and politics has emphasised the neoliberal, market elements of New Labour schools policy. This review article makes the case for a more nuanced account that disaggregates both state and market, and endorses the microlevel studies of changes in education governance undertaken by the works under review.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The notion of subject is a multiple, polyvalent, overdetermined concept, in short, a problematic concept. Aiming at its clarification the place statute of the subject is discussed starting with the consideration of its respective processes of constitution in so much in Jurgen Habermas as in Michel Foucault. It is examined, fundamentally, the relation of the subject toward language and history. By the way of the subjective constitution highly different productive modalities are distinguished, that, at the same time, imply divergent theoretical concepts, causing contrasted subjective modalities, with extremely discordant possibilities and ways of action. Recovering certain concepts of the Critical Theory there is proposed a type of dialogical subjectivity, that collects these differences without annulling them or to ignore them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The “statistical discrimination” theory maintains that discrimination is based on stereotypes: in a context of information asymmetries, employers use an observable identity characteristic of a group (e.g. race or gender) as a signal for an unobservable variable (e.g. skills or productivity) (Phelps, 1972, Arrow, 1973). From early age, boys and girls perceive different stereotyped notions of what they should excel and enjoy in doing, which shapes their behaviours and may even affect their performance (Hill, Corbett and St. Rose, 2010, OECD, 2012a). For example, as early as the first year of primaiy school, girls rate their own ability in mathematics as lower than that of boys, even when their actual performance does not differ (Fredericks and Eccles, 2002, Herbert and Stipek, 2005).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
These indicate the extent to which women could inherit and are available at three time points, 1920,1980 and 2000. Murdock’s Atlas includes information on 1 267 societies for the period 1850-1950. It provides information on the gender distribution of inheritance of land and inheritance of movable property. Both are split into 8 possible classifications: missing data, absence of individual property rights, matrilineal (sisters’ sons), other matrilineal (i.e. youngest brothers), children with daughters receiving less, children equally, other patrilineal, and patrilineal (sons).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Interview with Peter Golding, Emeritus Professor at Northumbria University, Visiting Professor in the School of Arts and Cultures at Newcastle University and one of the crucial figures in Critical Political Economy of Communication. In the interview we discuss the role of critical scholarship, the sometimes troubled relationship between cultural studies and critical political economy of communication, the importance of a sociological perspective in studying media, and the impact of broader socio-political trends on academia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In Uganda, for example, although wage jobs grew at 13% every year between 2003 and 2006, they only accounted for one out of five of the new jobs created (World Bank, 2011c). According to Gallup World Poll data only 21% of those aged under 30 with at least secondary education work for the government, compared to 37% among adults aged 30 and over, or almost double. In many countries, this discrepancy is even larger.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Among young adults under 50, rising mortality rates from accidental poisoning (a large proportion of which were due to drug misuse) increased overall mortality rates at these ages during 2011-16, making a small negative contribution to changes in life expectancy at birth in England (PHE, 2018c, ONS, 2018d). High or rising levels of drug overdose mortality are apparent in several high-income countries (eg the UK, Sweden, Canada, Australia) although not approaching the levels in the USA (Ho and Hendi, 2018). In the USA sharply rising death rates from the large-scale drug overdose crisis among younger men and women, and from unintentional injuries overall, are significant contributors to falling life expectancy (Box 6.2) (Sherry et al, 2018). The USA's opioid "crisis" includes use of both illegal opiates and prescribed opioid-based painkillers. Canada is also experiencing a serious opioid crisis, especially among young and middle-aged adults, which is slowing improvements in life expectancy (Government of Canada, 2018).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
These municipalities are eligible to access National Health Foundation (Fundagao Nacional de Saude, FUNASA) funds, a federal programme that makes funds available for municipalities or rural areas below 50 000 inhabitants. Currently, there are 20 projects financed by the FUNASA, for which the CAREN carries out the execution of the construction. However, even with the funds made available by the FUNASA, sometimes municipalities are not able to submit projects. Most of the investment in infrastructure is made possible through the Growth Acceleration Program (Programa de Aceleragao do Crescimento, PAC).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
As with other aspects of ESD implementation, the rhetoric may be ahead of the practice in this area, but nonetheless creates space for ESD advocates to pursue good work. The capacity of the teaching force was identified by many of the individuals consulted in this study as one of the major constraints to quality education in most SIDS, and this constraint is amplified in the face of effective ESD - which requires not only effective pedagogical skills, but also technical knowledge and skills related to critical thinking, problem-solving and sustainability issues. Notwithstanding that large portions of the currently-practising teaching workforce in many SIDS may have little or no pre-service teacher training, the reorientation of teacher training demands attention if ESD is to gain real traction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Consistent with Sweden’s culture of local empowerment, trust and shared values, this agenda is not nationally mandated. The responsibility for continuing professional education for all employed medical staff rests with the employers, i.e. county councils, municipalities and private providers. It is unclear whether these ad hoc, local arrangements offer adequate opportunities for up-skilling GPs and other primary care staff, including in providing and co-ordinating care for the growing volume and complexity of physical and mental health needs of an ageing population.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Using panel data allows accounting for country (and time) fixed effects (//, and //,). The country dummies are included to control for time-invariant omitted-variable bias, and the period dummies are included to control for global shocks, which might affect aggregate growth in any period but are not otherwise captured by the explanatory variables. Moreover, the analysis will exploit Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) as opposed to OLS or the Least Square Dummy Variable estimators (see Box 1 for a description).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
While the global financial crisis placed significant pressure on the Australian economy, it has remained resilient due to a sound macroeconomic framework and continued robust demand for commodities. Employment policies are managed at the national level by the Department of Employment and delivered through an outsourced network of service providers (Job Services Australia). In response to the crisis, Australia implemented a series of measures aimed at stimulating employment in areas most vulnerable to future downturns.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Illegal logging is widespread in Ghana, a West African country with a history of rapid forest loss. While state forest management agencies have often attributed their inability to control illegal logging to lack of resources, this paper shows how corrupt practices also contribute to the problem. It has been demonstrated that as a result of neopatrimonialism and bureaucratic corruption, stated rules for awarding timber utilisation contracts have often been ignored. Similarly, although the activities of chainsaw operators have been banned, operators still rely on their corrupt networks with forest guards to harvest wood for sale. Corruption also affects the ability of the Forest Services Division to collect royalties and taxes from timber firms. As a result of these corrupt practices, the exploitation of forest resources is resulting in negative development outcomes. This paper suggests that improving the institutional framework of the state, legalising the operations of chainsaw operators and increasing th...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
By 2015, all rural communities around the world are likely to be covered if the current rate is sustained. On the other hand, rural population coverage of a 3G mobile cellular signal was comparatively low in 2013. Household access to any type of phone service (fixed or mobile) has grown rapidly, largely fuelled by increased access to mobile phones due to falling prices and growing popularity of prepaid SIM cards.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Next, the chapter focuses on primary teachers' pedagogical beliefs and practices in these six countries. Specific topics in this area are classroom teaching, student evaluation, teacher co-operation and collaboration and teachers' beliefs about teaching and learning. The final section of this chapter examines teachers' feelings of self-efficacy and job satisfaction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Those students who do not receive parental support are likely to fall further behind their peers. Research from other countries shows that many immigrant parents are likely to encounter difficulties of a linguistic or cultural nature, (Eurydice, 2009) or because of resource constraints, lower levels of education or lack of knowledge of the school system (Field et al., 2007).They may also feel alienated and unwelcome in a foreign school environment (Desforges and Abouchaar, 2003).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In this article we explore questions about feminism and violence to constructively complicate understandings about this relationship. Feminism is conventionally positioned as oppositional to direct and structural violences, importantly so, as this has been seen key to feminism's viability as a constructive knowledge project. Yet there are increasingly persistent concerns about epistemic, juridical and other violences circulating around feminism, which render feminism's role in the production of oppositional knowledge and politics suspect. This is especially the case where western feminist ideas have been problematically taken up in neoliberal global policy making and for militarized human rights interventions. As feminist international relations scholars troubled by such associations, we investigate – via an exploration of three provocative feminist texts – how feminism is perceived to be both violated and violating by its contemporary imbrication in the violences of neoliberalism and global governance. W...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Indeed, it provided a comprehensive list of products that qualified as energy efficient. A demand-management project set up by the local electricity monopoly, the Jamaica Public Service Co. (JPS) was another example of these efforts. By 2001, the annual Economic and Social Survey of Jamaica (ESSJ) reported that ten hotels had earned the certification. It explained ‘green procurement’ with examples of commonly procured chemicals that have potential health and/or environmental risks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Figure 1.24 uses the regressions coefficients in Panel A of Table 1.4 to provide estimates of the additional permanent employment in 2009 Q3 that may be attributed to the operation of STW schemes during the crisis period. Both proportional and absolute job impacts are reported. The proportional job estimates are obtained by the product of three terms: i) the coefficient of the interaction term for the change in output, the crisis dummy and average take-up rate in Table 1.4, Panel A, ii) the total change in output during the crisis period, and iii) the average level of the STW take-up rate over the same period.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In addition, 2.2 million ha of forest is part of a category called "protected landscape areas". As a result, only around 500 ha of forest (mostly public) is converted to other uses (mostly industrial) each year, pursuant to the 1995 Act on Protection of Agricultural and Forest Land. If there is no master plan, such exclusion may be impossible. A recent report of the Polish Academy of Sciences revealed that only 28% of the territory is subject to plans that define uses for land, such as housing, industrial or green areas (Kowalewski, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)