albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Further, this strategy is consistent with present aims to increase density in central Clermont-Ferrand and to improve the efficiency of land use in the suburbs. Finally, the strategy could be used to enhance the relationship between Clermont and its hinterland and rebalance the perception that the hinterland is solely at the service of the city. In order to avoid the risk of an increased polarisation of the rural activities towards the Lyon metropole, it is important to build strong linkages with these territories to counteract such an effect. The volume of opposition between various land users remains quite high. Consequently, land based conflicts have arisen, resulting from both the lack of space and the intense competition between different development projects, supported by individuals or groups of people. This crucial requirement maybe fulfilled by an increased involvement of the local population at the earlier stages of the decision making process and by creating bilateral exchanges between the local planners and developers on the one hand, and the local population on the other.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
An inclusive culture that engages women in the design, operation, and maintenance of water and sanitation systems leads to better responsiveness and customer satisfaction. As satisfaction increases, so does willingness to pay for services and maintenance of water systems, which is key to sustainability. Its targets 6.1 and 6.2 are measurable by access to safely managed drinking water and sanitation services, coupled with hygiene promotion and an end to open defecation. Special attention is paid to gender and social inclusion, which brings sustainability into focus. Other targets respond to the environmental considerations and needs, along with a focus on international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water and sanitation-related activities and programmes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The relationship between place and disadvantage, and particularly the question of whether, and how, geographical concentration of disadvantaged households exacerbates disadvantage is of growing concern to social science and urban policy. Despite many calls for a subtle and complex approach to constructing knowledge about these issues, a positivist approach based on statistical indicators, appears to dominate policy making. This approach reifies place and distracts attention from strategies which might effectively address disadvantage at the local level. This article describes two examples of small area redevelopment where such an approach has been used to suggest that redevelopment and dispersal of public housing concentrations are in the interests of current residents, whose lives would be improved through replacement of existing housing forms with more diverse, or at least tenure-mixed, suburbs. Yet the process by which this improvement will occur is yet to be explicated or even adequately theorised by ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As they are not detailed lessons plans, the resources require (and assume) strong teacher agency and autonomy. They are addressed to expert teachers who can design their learning environment and lessons. However, as was experienced in the field, pedagogical resources are not sufficient for most teachers and have to be supplemented by other learning resources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The top international vendors have risen to the challenge and are all pursuing technologies that can offer ever faster and cheaper fixed and wireless network solutions based upon Internet protocol (IP). High-speed, broadband fixed, 3G and now Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks (commonly known as "fourth generation" or "4G") have enabled the progressive development of increasingly "smarter" phones and terminals and a growing environment of applications and services. Research companies such as NPD3and IDC4 are reporting that some 50 per cent (around 900 million) of all mobile phones sold in 2013 have been smart phones.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Their respective comparative advantages, skills, experiences and resources can be pooled, and can help connect sectors and overcome institutional silos. In addition to addressing the risks to, and from, the road project in each and every phase of the project management cycle, the contractors received targeted risk management instructions to fully understand the rationale behind risk-informed road construction. The University Centre has started a network of 23 public and private sector institutions at state, federal and international level, called REDESASTRE.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
These varieties included Norin 10 wheat and Yukara rice, which were bred by Japan in the 1950s and successfully contributed to heavier yields of tropical wheat and rice, an event called the Green Revolution. Because this was partly a product of revolutions in engineering technology and biotechnology, it can also be described as the industrialization of agriculture, which subsequently promoted the twentieth-century agricultural revolution in the world’s most industrialized nations. Because this revolution involves petroleum-dependent agriculture, flat topographical conditions have made an extremely important contribution to its progress.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In addition, collaboration between private and public spheres is well developed. Innovation policy involves many public and private actors, notably through the development of innovation alliances to coordinate and support joint research. The share of government expenditure on R&D financed by industry was more than twice the OECD average (9.3% vs. 3.8%) and the same holds for higher education expenditure on R&D (15.1% vs. 6.4%). For instance, the German Environmental Innovation Programme supports large scale demonstration projects in the heat and electricity sectors by providing soft loans.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The terms "sex" and "gender" became interchangeable. Even now, gender is often used to mean women. The Conference highlighted the fact that women were disproportionately impacted by poverty: "Women's poverty is directly related to the absence of economic opportunities, autonomy, lack of access to economic resources, including credit, land ownership and inheritance, lack of access to education and support services and their minimal participation in the decision-making process. Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14June 1992 (United Nations publication, Sales No.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For instance, the gender gap in employment captures the status of women’s labour force participation relative to that of men’s, indicating the extent of gender equitable access to employment. As a proportion of male employment, female employment in the Asian and Pacific region has hovered at about 62 to 65 per cent since the early 1990s, which mirrors the global average. Notable variations between subregions exist, with North and Central Asia having just above 90 females employed for every 100 males, and South and South-West Asia counting just above 36 females employed for every 100 males.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Ethical principles and concerns are at the heart of criminological research and can arise at the planning, implementation and reporting stages. It is vital that researchers are aware of the issues involved so that they can make informed decisions about the implications of certain choices. This cutting-edge book charts the changing topography of ethics, governance and accountability for social science research in criminology, contributes to the developing discourse on research ethics and demonstrates the importance as to why research ethics should be taken seriously. Bringing together a range of experts who consider both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. This book examines the key issues and challenges of ethical research.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Young people and adults are entering, staying, and ending partnerships in ways different from previous generations, and education and services must respond to these changes. Young people need services between their first sexual experiences and when they marry. Services and information should be made available to adults who are separated from their partners or in new partnerships later in life.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The program has been popular among private forest owners because of its bottom-up approach and because the program is a voluntary commitment. The Finnish World Heritage sites include e.g. the Fortress of Suomenlinna in Helsinki, wooden town in Old Rauma, Petajavesi Old Church, The Verla Groundwood and Board Mill and Kvarken Archipelago. Thus, the degree of restrictions to human use varies depending on the type of protection and it can vary among different sites.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Understanding the dynamics of masculinity and femininity is pivotal to bringing about progressive gender change and building more equal societies in conflict and in peace. In peacetime as well as war gender is structural to the definition of ethnicity and culture. In contemporary Western societies, minority groups have often claimed rights on the base of their ethnicity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For example, Bangladesh now prohibits sexual harassment, thanks to a milestone decision issued in 2009 by the High Court. Thanks to a training manual titled "CEDAW Made Easy", empowering traditional leaders in Cameroon to use the Convention to bring about concrete improvements in the lives of women in their communities, they are changing traditional practices that are harmful to women. The CEDAW denounced the prevalence of early marriage in several countries, some of which have thus changed their legal age of marriage, which in turn has reduced the prevalence of such practices: the average prevalence of early marriage across developing countries has decreased from 21% in 2009 to 17% in 2012 (Cerise et al., This paper considers the CEDAW ratification date as good predictor of the level of discriminatory social institutions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
At the international level, sustainable development represents a challenge, as effective multilevel governance would require the renegotiation of priorities between different agreements and the revision of an international architecture in which sustainable practices can, for example, be challenged by trade agreements (chapter 7). This chapter has argued that a turn to eco-social policies can support the achievement of the 2030 Agenda. Despite the progress that has been made in the promotion of resilience and sustainability, particularly at the local level, mainstream debates too often neglect questions of power and the social structures and institutions that reproduce unsustainable outcomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Eugenics before 1945An appropriate understanding of eugenics before 1945 implies that this break is questioned and put into perspective. The article conceives eugenics as a multifarious project of modernity that derived from the biopolitical aspiration to improve public health and enhance human capabilities. Consequently, it was supported across the political spectrum. In the course of the Twentieth Century, an international eugenics movement took shape and found widespread and transnational resonance in the public opinion. However, the conflation of the Aryan myth, racial purity and medical coercive measures in Nazi-Germany discredited the concept of eugenics after 1945. Nonetheless, such measures, often combined with elements of soft coercion, were applied in many countries, particularly in the U.S., the Scandinavian countries and Switzerland up to the 1970s. Meanwhile, the feasibility of Reproductive Medicine gave rise to a «liberal eugenics» which is entrenched in the promises of health and happiness ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This is perhaps surprising as many immigrants originate from countries with significantly lower life expectancy than our Nordic countries. This is largely due to increased rates of heart disease, alcohol-related diseases and cancer (Socialstyrelsen, 2009). In Finland, mortality rates of those born in North Africa and Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia is 30-50 percent lower than among native Finns.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Crops Statistics—Concepts, definitions and classifications", available from www.fao.org /fileadmin/templates/ess /ess_test_folder/documents /Production_trade/definitions /Crops_statistics_concepts _definitions_classifications.doc (accessed 4 August 2017). Livestock impacts on the environment". Livestock are animal species that are raised by humans for commercial purposes, consumption or labour (ISIC Rev. 4, Section A, Division 01). Usually raised in agricultural settings, typical livestock species include cows, poultry, pigs, goats and sheep.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Consistent with previous findings in the literature, differences in the way personal characteristics are rewarded in the labour market account for a large share of the observed cross-country differences in wage dispersion. Differences in completed years of education and in returns to education, much more than differences in skill endowments and returns, seem to play a prominent role in this respect. However, the fact that, even after controlling for direct measures of proficiency, the returns to formal education continue to play a very prominent role, suggests that labour market institutions are a crucial factor in explaining the observed international differences in earnings inequality by affecting the way in which certain characteristics are rewarded.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Regular flooding is an essential event for the delta because it supports the ecological system that provides the foundation for tourism, biodiversity and livelihoods. Through promoting regional cooperation and sharing benefits, OKACOM aims to reduce unsustainable activities in all three countries and prevent development activities that exceed the constraints of the system, while enhancing the ecosystem services of the basin for the benefit of all riparian countries (OKACOM, 2015). The institution strives to deepen cooperation to ensure that the three countries define and respect those system thresholds, or the upper limits of sustainable abstraction. Historical political alliances have formed trust, which is still a key success factor, primarily because those alliances encourage a shared vision among the countries, facilitating water policy in a way that preserves the ecological integrity of the basin and protects the system's socioeconomic benefits.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Many countries in the region have a renewed focus on this mode of transport, with 19 countries in the ESCAP region adopting either national or subnational policies to promote the use of non-motorized modes of transport such as walking and cycling. However, according to the 2013 Global Status Report, only seven countries in the ESCAP region have a policy to separate VRUs from high speed traffic at the national level, while nine countries have a policy at a subnational level. Measures to reduce speeds, in particular in urban areas with high concentrations of VRUs, can significantly limit the incidence of death and injury.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The information on training participation needs to be complemented by an indication of the quantity and quality of the training received. To this end, the statistical framework includes an indicator regarding the volume of job-related training as well as an indicator that attempts to capture the quality of job-related training (measured as the worker's perception of whether the most recent training has helped improve work). Skills can be acquired not only via formal and non-formal education, but also informally. The paradox of job quality in the affluent economy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species. The IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2 Rice, T. (2007). A Catalog ofDealers' Pricesfor Shells: Marine, Land and Freshwater, 23rd edition. In A Field Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the western Indian Ocean Islands (ed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Hence, most irrigators using water from the State Water Project must pay more than USD73 per 1,000 m3 for that portion of their water supply. Farmers in some portions of California’s San Joaquin Valley have seen their annual water supplies reduced by more than 50% in some years. When possible, some have purchased water from other farmers at prices that reflect prevailing supply and demand conditions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
An added benefit of lower temperature washing may be reduced fibres in wastewater and eventually in the natural environment. It could also include broader advice on resource efficiency measures like encouraging reuse, sharing etc. The symbol provides a www address which users can follow to find tips on environmentally advantageous care and maintenance.22 This could form the basis for mandatory labels. The QR code could link to tips that are specifically designed for that garment with its particular fibre mix.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
It represents an important step towards establishing childhood deprivation as a lead indicator for social policy in Mali, and towards understanding the complex interaction between financial constraints and other household factors in determining children's wellbeing. The analysis is primarily based on the MICS (2009-10) dataset and covers 12,542 households with children, and has a sample with a total of 71,055 children. The MICS data covers various aspects of child well-being and is therefore particularly suitable for the child deprivation analysis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Given that they have not been addressed properly, most problems remain (Poppe, 2009). Such flexibility allows for relatively uniform tariffs throughout the country, so that customers in remote places do not have to pay disproportionately high bills because they are difficult to reach by the concessionaires or other service providers. These discounted tariffs make cost recovery extremely difficult even with LpT subsidies, particularly for utilities that in addition have low rates of rural electricity access (ESMAP, 2005). In these cases, privately owned concessionaires often charge their wealthier, urban consumers higher tariffs in order to cross-subsidise rural consumers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This article examines the guitar trade (i.e. making, collecting and dealing) to examine the political ecology of the guitar from forests to construction: delving both into its environmental impacts and attempts to protect endangered species, it focuses on the impact of two pieces of legislation have on guitar making, the international guitar trade, and guitar ownership: the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and the Lacey Act Amendments of 2008. In so doing, it examines the underlying problems (deforestation, endangered species, illicit trade in wood, and unfair trade advantages) that these pieces of legislation were meant to address, and the politicization of these efforts that has the US Congress deadlocked. This account also analyzes the practical difficulties that legal compliance presents, and finally examines what alternatives may exist.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Local officials understand the need to work with their counterparts in nearby municipalities, counties, and states, to maintain and improve the region’s transportation infrastructure and services. Each MPO is responsible for engaging in integrated planning in the areas of transportation, housing, land use, open space, and economic development within their state-mandated metropolitan jurisdiction and has recently been engaged in developing metropolitan plans. The expertise of institutions like CMAP, NIRPC, SEWRPC and the other metropolitan planning organisations responsible for regional transportation planning will be essential - all the more so, given these institutions’ ability to engage in long-term planning for the range of social, economic and environmental issues that will determine the region’s long-term viability and attractiveness.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This immense decline and the regions lead on the global level have been mainly due to the poverty reduction in China and India, as these two countries alone have lifted 650 million people out of extreme poverty. The highest incidence of extreme poverty is recorded in South and South-West Asia (28.7 per cent in 2010), whereas the lowest is in North and Central Asia (1.0 per cent in 2011). It is noteworthy that, since 1990, East and North-East Asia and South-East Asia have recorded the fastest absolute reductions in poverty rates compared with those in other subregions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Cybersecurity sits at the intersection of public security concerns about critical infrastructure protection and private security concerns around the protection of property rights and civil liberties. Public-private partnerships have been embraced as the best way to meet the challenge of cybersecurity, enabling cooperation between private and public sectors to meet shared challenges. While the cybersecurity literature has focused on the practical dilemmas of providing a public good, it has been less effective in reflecting on the role of cybersecurity in the broader constitution of political order. Unpacking three accepted conceptual divisions between public and private, state and market, and the political and economic, it is possible to locate how this set of theoretical assumptions shortcut reflection on these larger issues. While public-private partnerships overstep boundaries between public authority and private right, in doing so they reconstitute these divisions at another level in the organization of political economy of liberal democratic societies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
First, the predominant form of innovation in firms is incremental, and this points to the central role of the broader workforce in the generation, adaptation and diffusion of technical and organisational change. Second, achieving high academic standards within a country for the largest proportion of school students not only supports high participation in post school education and training but creates a workforce with greater potential to engage productively with innovation. Third, the extent to which a firm’s workforce actively engages in innovation is strongly determined by particular work organisation practices. Finally, there are large differences across advanced nations in workforce skill formation systems, especially for vocational skills. Such differences result in large disparities across nations in the share of their workforce with formal vocational qualifications, and in the level of these qualifications. The resulting differences in the quantity and quality of workforce skills are a major factor in determining the observed patterns of innovation and key aspects of economic performance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at info@copyright.com or the Centre francais d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at contact@cfcopies.com. R. (2005), "Property rights in fisheries: Iceland's experience with ITQs", Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 15(3): 243-264.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)