albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Some researchers even aigue that Cebu could pursue an alternative development strategy through sustainable ecotourism, instead of urban development through reclamation (Montenegro, 2016). In addressing such environmental concerns, the potential impacts of reclamation projects on the coastal eco-systems of Cebu and Central Visayas as a whole should be taken into account when making development decisions. In addition, its social impacts should be carefully assessed. In Barcelona, Spain, the Moll de Fusta is a platform that was designed on the waterfront and extended to the seafront in between the districts of Barceloneta and the southern foothills of Montjuic.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The module is well developed to distinguish work for family and external employers and agricultural work from other household activities using a set of screening questions. The “vulnerable employment” category (self-employed5, contributing family workers, part-time and underemployed) is therefore used to approximate informal employment.5 Although the relationship is not perfect, the principle underlying both concepts is similar: workers in unprotected forms of employment, with low productivity and high risk of poverty. In poorer countries most young people work, in better-off countries more are out of work than in work. Only about one third of youth in LICs are fulltime students.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Higher revenue growth would, in turn, drive faster formalisation. There is also a need to make the competitive advantages of registration more visible, particularly by improving the capacity of the private financial sector and of public business support schemes to reach very small businesses, where informality is higher. These women can benefit from coming together in member-based associations and from being represented in economic and political organisations (Chapter 20).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Recent analysis of Efficiency Vermont, the energy efficiency operator in Vermont, shows HOGWh energy reductions over a ten year period at a cost of USD 35 million with a levelized cost of USD 39/MWh, but with multiple benefits to consumers totaling USD 105/MWh. ( The California Public Utilities Commission policy rules and related reference documents outline the administration, oversight, and evaluation of energy efficiency programmes funded by ratepayers in California. In 2010 the Chinese government issued an "Electricity Demand-side Management (DSM) Implementation Measures" regulation requiring all grid companies to deliver energy reduction of at least 0.3% of the previous year sales and peak demand reductions of at least 0.3% of the previous year peak demand.(IEA 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Marketing Global Justice is a critical study of the efforts to ‘sell’ global justice and the deeply structuring effects of marketing. It offers a new reading of the rise of international criminal law as the dominant institutional expression of global justice, linking this to the rise of branding. The political economy analysis highlights that a global elite benefit from marketised global justice whilst those who tend to be the ‘faces’ of global injustice, particularly victims of conflict, are commodified. The book is an invitation to think about the predominance of market values in global justice and suggests ‘occupying’ global justice as a potential avenue for drawing out social values.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
To facilitate this transition, developed countries formalised a commitment to mobilise USD 100 bn per year by 2020 at the 16th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). However, while the quantity of climate finance is important, quantity alone is not sufficient to achieve the climate objectives of the Convention: it is a “means to an end” and not an end in itself. Ensuring the underlying quality, or effectiveness, of climate finance will also be crucial.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
A large body of research on political parties is devoted to the family of extreme rightparties. Yet, systematic analyses of extreme right parties discourse remain scarce. Thepresent study addresses this gap in the literature by providing a discourse analysis of the VlaamsBelang, one of the most successful extreme right-wing parties in Europe. Moreover, by focusing onthis partys economic discourse, the study also sheds new light on the ongoing debate aboutthe economic viewpoints of the new extreme right parties. We conclude that the VlaamsBelangs economic rhetoric is in line with its ethno-linguistic, nationalist standpoints andpleas for a Flemish economic policy. The partys economic programme is built on liberalpoints of view and seems particularly aimed at attracting (dissatisfied) liberal voters.Importantly, as economic issues remain subordinated to the partys ideological core, itappears that the Vlaams Belang has largely instrumentalised its programme to expand itselectorate.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Human Security in der Renaissance? Securitas, Infrastruktur, Ge meinschaftsguter und Naturgefahren in der Toskana und im Oberrheintal?. This article investigates the character of collective perceptions of security in the Renaissance. In addition to the findings of conceptual history, an picture analysis will be used. Besides the concern for salvation and protection from violence and injustice, public welfare was the task of a good government in material terms as well (provision of food, infrastructure). It also comprised the prevention of natural hazards. Legitimation strategies of those who governed and the needs of those who were governed had - according to the region - an impact on the development of specific ways of dealing with natural hazards.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
These results may reflect prospective teachers' exposure to teaching as part of pre-service education and/or different levels of support provided to new teachers as part of in-service training. But the data reflect only teachers' feelings of preparedness. It is much harder to find systematic evidence on the actual prevalence of pedagogies in classrooms. The teacher has planned the lesson, knows the content he or she needs to cover and delivers it to the students, who are expected to master that content and apply it to their homework or a test. This kind of teacher-directed instruction might also include things like lectures, lesson summaries or question-and-answer periods that are driven by the teacher. Thus student-oriented teaching strategies are increasingly finding their way into classrooms of all subjects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This article proposes a method for conceptualising the way lawmaking has ebbed away from our national parliamentary-governmental complexes: horizontally, towards unelected officials, in a process of bureaucratisation, vertically, towards the EU, in a process of Europeanisation, and laterally, towards private actors that are left to regulate themselves, in a process of privatisation. The combined effect has been to diffuse lawmaking across many very diverse actors that interact in dense constellations across a 3D governance space described by these axes. The descriptive innovation of analysing these processes together points also to a common normative challenge, that of finding new ways to legitimate the outer reaches of this governance space, furthest removed from our traditional constitutional structures and the reasonably neat (electoral) lines of accountability they offer back to us. A tentative solution is proposed in creatively rethinking administrative and constitutional law while remaining faithful to the philosophical core of classical constitutionalism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The savings were only statistically significant for patients in the improved group whose baseline HbAlc level was 10 percent or above. Measuring HbAlc is a way of measuring blood glucose levels -an important indicator for diabetics. For non-diabetics, a usual reading would be in the range 4.0-5.9 percent, for people with diabetes an HbAlc level of 6.5 percent is considered to be good control. However, this study did not take into account the cost of the intervention and, therefore, the overall cost-effectiveness could not be assessed. In a similar vein, Testa et al. ( Mun-roe et al. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Regional coordination of research agendas could manage the necessary overlap of research activities in trans-boundary areas. Common priorities and coordinated research efforts could also attract funding from outside the region, especially where synergistic partnerships can be developed and coinvestment can be leveraged. The sections below briefly consider some current global and regional research priorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
reading his prematurely published obituary, Mark Twain famously quipped that rumors of his death were greatly exaggerated. Those of us who advance scholarship at the intersection of international security studies and biopolitics would amend Twain: any rumor of its acceptance has been greatly exaggerated. At the beginning of "the century of biology," when we reflect on the relationship between the discipline of international security studies and biopolitics, there are reasons for both hope and despair. In this commentary, I would like to explore those reasons and identify avenues of research at the nexus of biopolitics and international security studies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The surveys fed into the "Sustainability Index Consortium", an open platform database that allowed for analysis of the information collected from Walmart's 100,000 suppliers. At a Global Sustainability Milestone Meeting in Beijing in 2008, Walmart's chief executive officer announced plans to expand participation to 70 per cent of suppliers by 2017, making clear that failure to participate in the index would lead to removal of the firm from Walmart's supply chain. They typically address quality, cost and delivery procedures and, increasingly, environmental processes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Seagrass meadows providing food, shelter and nursery grounds and thus eccential coastal ecosystem services. With less than 4% total coverage of the sea surface area, they are estimated to contribute to almost 50% of all carbon deposition in the ocean (Duarte, Middelburg, & Caraco, 2005, Krause-Jensen & Duarte, 2016). Of these, nine species are considered critically endangered, including spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), European eel (Anguilla anguilla), common guillemot (Uria aalge) and bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The new fit2worfc service, fully implemented in 2013, seeks to avert job losses and long-term unemployment. Health insurance contacts sick-listed employees after around 40 days of absence, offering general information (on possible treatment, for example), counselling and retum-to-work support by a network of counselling firms. Waiting times for health services (e.g. psychotherapy) can also be reduced.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Further, they need to be carefully designed so that individuals cannot “game the system” by, for example, misrepresenting the true use of a property. Designing property taxes and charges to tackle urban sprawl (cont.) Perverse incentives are created when single-family residential properties are offered lower taxes than higher-density properties of the same value (Haveman and Sexton, 2008). When property taxes are based on land value, rather than buildings or other improvements to the property, owners have an incentive to develop the land to its most profitable use.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
It focused on recruiting lenders, mainly mainstream banks, in support of the scheme, which provided a guarantee for 80% of the IP value, subject to a cap (originally set at SGD 5 million, but later increased). After companies had drawn down the whole of their loan, they can could reclaim 50% of the cost of their valuation (or 2% of the advance, subject to a SGD 25 000 maximum) from IP ValueLab. The valuation report on which the financing is ultimately based had to be done by an approved valuation panel member. A number of these firms were international or based outside Singapore, and the updated Hub Master Plan (recently updated) includes measures to address this by supporting the development of more locally-based IP valuation expertise (to support a wide range of IP transactions, not just finance). Factors involved appear to have included bank unfamiliarity with IP assets, a relatively informal application process, the insistence on companies having granted Singaporean patents, and high prospective transaction costs (particularly in respect of the IP valuation itself).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
As such, investors consider these countries a more risky environment for their investments. Studies reveal that a given technology market in emerging economies needs to be more mature than the same technology market in a more developed economy. This is because investors give more weight to sovereignty risk in emerging markets than for those of developed countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Germany based its tariffs upon a fraction of the retail rate (that is to say, the price at which electricity was sold to consumers), not the wholesale rate (that is to say, the cost at which utilities purchased electricity from other generators). In Germany, consumption taxes constitute a large fraction of the ultimate retail price of electricity. Wind energy and solar energy were paid 90 per cent of the retail rate and hydroelectric plants were paid 80 per cent of the retail rate. This was corrected in Germany in 2000 by the stipulation that renewable sources of electricity would have priority access to the grid for a host of environmental, social and economic reasons.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
They find that the economics of technology prizes reveal conceptual advantages that support increasing their role in certain cases citing almost 300 years of evidence on their successful implementation and they examine compelling reasons specifically related to climate change. Once again however, their theories and historic evidence cited suggests that getting the design of prizes correct is critical. The “valley of death” is the distinguishing mark of the “commercialization” stage: the phase between late-stage venture capital financing and full-scale commercial roll-out.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
To reduce the amount of waste generated and increase the share of waste that is recycled and reused as material or energy source are central to sustainable consumption and production and natural resource management. The final disposal of waste in the environment, even if in a controlled manner, creates pollution and occupies considerable land areas. Relevant statistics cover the amount of waste generated by different sources that are economic activities (by ISIC categories) and households.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This article elaborates and extends Sutherland’s [Principles of criminology (4th ed.), Lippincott, Philadelphia, Sutherland (1947)] concept of differential social organization, the sociological counterpart to his social psychological theory of differential association. Differential social organization contains a static structural component, which explains crime rates across groups, as well as a dynamic collective action component, which explains changes in crime rates over time. I argue that by drawing on George Herbert Mead’s [Mind, self, and society. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Mead (1934)] theories of symbolic interaction and social control, we can conceptualize organization in favor of, and against, crime as collective behavior. We can then integrate theoretical mechanisms of models of collective behavior, including social network ties, collective action frames, and threshold models of collective action. I illustrate the integrated theory using examples of social movements against crime, neighborhood collective efficacy, and the code of the street.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
We analyze some foreign and Russian e-government development practices and propose the creation of the structured policy based on the PMI project management standards. We offer the IDEF0 standard as a methodology for public authority project management. Also, we suggest the workflow class notation for the lower levels. However, the current notation tools are not enough to reflect all the business processes of the e-services for public authorities. We propose a methodology for the project management development with some extra elements (objects and subjects) designed to describe the process types and the corresponding e-services more precisely. The additional task which was successfully solved thanks to the proposed e-services design technology is that the data security requirements were accomplished. We also describe how to use the offered approach to design the information systems and secure e-services for providing the citizens and the legal entities the land which is in the state possession.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The use of competitive tendering to license renewable-sources power plants makes it possible to keep actual compensation levels below the feed-in tariff rates, thereby helping to reduce system costs (IEA, 2009a). In 2010, support to renewable electricity accounted for about 16% of domestic customers’ monthly electric bill (ERSE, 2010). Currently, only hydropower plants are registered under the RECS.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
David Valenciano and Elodie de Oliveira also contributed during the revision process. This profile builds on the knowledge and expertise of many project teams across the OECD's Directorate for Education and Skills, to whom we are grateful. Much of this information and documentation can be accessed through the Education GPS http://apseducation.oecd.org. Hyperlinks to the reference publications and to relevant legislation are included throughout the text for ease of reading, and also in the References and further reading section, which lists both OECD and non-OECD sources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
There may be a difficult trade-off between ensuring that the costs to firms investing in apprenticeships are not too high and ensuring suitable working conditions and quality of training for apprentices. In many emerging economies, specific work schemes and training programmes exist that can complement apprenticeship programmes. They include on the job training programmes in Hirkey, the BECATE programme in Mexico and the Joven programmes in Chile, Argentina and Colombia, which combine education, job training and internships.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Inland catches are also important for food security in several countries in Africa, which accounts for 25 percent of the global catches. Europe, the Americas and Oceania account for 9 percent. Myanmar, which had ranked second among global producers of inland fish -thanks to an unreliable average growth of 15 percent per year - now more realistically ranks fourth (Table 5). Brazil, by far the major producer in South America, has not reported official catch data to FAO since 2014, so its statistics have been estimated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The pattern is similar for native-born and foreign-bom workers, although the latter appear to benefit from considerably higher returns to tertiary education. Greater Accra, the region of the capital, had an average monthly wage in the medium range, while having the highest levels of education both for Ghanaian- and foreign-bom individuals (7.2 and 9.9 years respectively). Northern, Brong Ahafo and Eastern regions demonstrate the highest rates of poverty (Cooke et al., Overall, the pattern suggests that average educational attainment is positively linked with average real wages for foreign-born workers, while the opposite is true for native-born workers. Source: Authors’ own work based on Ghana Statistical Service (2016). Mincer-type regressions are undertaken to analyse what characteristics cause the discrepancies in real monthly wages between the foreign- and native-born workers (see Table 4.3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Assolombarda is the largest industry association with 6 100 member firms in the region. It promotes quality of education, training and university/industry partnerships. It influences the design of and updating of academic programmes through contact teams, develop experimentation (contract of high-skilled apprenticeship for MA and PhD students), collaborates with university placement offices and is involved in boosting the appeal of hard sciences through the “Scientific Degrees” project.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It is also a clear contradiction of the principle of equality of opportunity to which all OECD countries aspire. Allowing children to fall unnecessarily far behind brings in its wake a long list of practical costs and consequences. Causality is always difficult to establish, but many hundreds of studies in many different OECD countries have shown what the costs of falling too far behind may be. But this cannot change the fact that children who fall behind early in their lives, or who spend a significant part of their early years in poverty, are likely to find themselves at a marked and measurable disadvantage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) sets out 7 global targets and 4 priorities for action to reduce disaster related risk, including improving resilience and protecting the environment (UNISDR, 2015). Finally the Paris Agreement on climate change (UNFCCC, 2015) set a new course on international co-operation to address climate change. The implications of these agreements go beyond development co-operation to shape policy making in all countries, developed and developing, sending signals to investors, business, local authorities and communities that a new, environmentally sustainable way of doing business is emerging. When implemented, the 2015 international agreements will shape a new era of development cooperation, building on the experience of the past decades and reorienting development to address the drivers of poverty from inequality and climate change to resource degradation, conflict and overconsumption.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Moreover, Northern light tourism has added substantially to winter tourism in Iceland and the northernmost parts of Norway, Finland, and Sweden (Heimtun, Johannesson, and Tuulentie, 2015). A central feature of this change is represented by visitors from emerging Asian markets. The number of Chinese visitors at Keflavik Airport has increased more than fivefold over the past four years.’ In comparison to countries such as New Zealand, the legislative frameworks are centred on biocentric values, while provision for outdoor recreation in national parks has largely been accommodated to relatively low-scale visitation in more or less non-commercial settings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
A clear objective is to lower the cost of capital for infrastructure projects, along with improved liquidity, transparency, and expanded access to finance. Blockchain-enabled platforms are a way to standardise data, assess asset performance, and enhance compliance, which may be further augmented when they are integrated with remote sensors (internet of things), or linked to deep analytics like artificial intelligence application ns. For further consideration, four original case studies with the highest expected impact for achieving long-term and sustainable provision of infrastructure services are discussed. Acting as an open application platform, analogous to Android, a diverse set of enabling functions can be handled on the globally interoperable data infrastructure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)