albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Between 2006 and 2012, overweight or obesity prevalence increased from 69.5% to 71.3% of the adult population (OECD 2015), while the rate of obesity rose from 30% in 2006 to 32.4% in 2012 (estimate). Mexico is now one of the countries with the highest child obesity rates in the world with one in three children being overweight or obese. Data are based on measurements rather than self-reported height and weight. More disconcertingly, deaths from heart disease have only decreased by 1%, in sharp contrast to the 48% reduction seen across other OECD countries (see Figure 1.8).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
For two countries, Japan and New Zealand, the statistical results have been derived from national studies shared by their respective authors with the UNICEF research team. The surveys are administrated nationally, with some flexibility in the implementation (the national surveys are based on a common framework which defines target variables, and on common guidelines and concepts to maximize international comparability). The 2009 EU-SILC survey included the special module on 'Material Deprivation', including 36 variables.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Already, driver assistance technologies such as electronic stability control and autonomous emergency braking are reducing the risk of road trauma. Information and communication technologies are playing an ever growing role in 21s1 century mobility. Roads and vehicles will increasingly be managed in an integrated intelligent transport system relying on collaborative smart vehicles and infrastructure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The first two sections illustrate the nature of the urban governance of primary and public health services, including water, sanitation, waste disposal and food safety, through a review of existing policy and relevant legislation and the institutional arrangements for their implementation. The next two sections focus on the nature of policy implementation in practice by illustrating the nature of urban poverty in Bangladesh and the extent of access the urban poor have to primary and public health services. Based on these illustrations, the penultimate section pinpoints the policy and institutional weaknesses contributing to the limited access of the urban poor to the existing services. The final section of the paper concludes the study and puts forward certain recommendations for improving the situation which have implications for the Asian region at large.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Allowing for the spillover benefits into other states, state-specific agricultural research investments generated national benefits of between USD 10 and USD 70 per research dollar, averaging USD 32 across the states. The marginal benefit-cost ratio for USDA intramural research was comparable, at USD 18 per dollar invested in research. In fact, however, these ratios are consistent with internal rates of return at the smaller end of the range compared with the general results in the literature as reviewed by Alston et al. ( Some internal rates of return are reported here to facilitate comparisons with other studies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
While some regions may receive more surface water flow, future problems are likely to include water scarcity, increased demand for water, and water quality deterioration. Climate change may also alter the magnitude, timing, and distribution of storms that produce flood events. Arid and semi-arid regions, which cover nearly half of South Africa, are particularly sensitive to changes in precipitation, and desertification, which is already a problem in South Africa, could intensify.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This indicates the existence of new core families without the resources to become independent from the household of origin of one of the spouses. This status can coexist (or not) with sporadic or stable participation in the world of work. In certain conditions, labour experiences can mitigate the risk of lack of wellbeing in the future caused by leaving school early and can facilitate the insertion of dropouts in society. This is particularly the case with the kinds of productive insertion that provide ongoing training, job stability, labour union membership, benefits and social security. However, recognizing that the likelihood of access to such opportunities varies inversely with the levels of qualification attained highlights the importance of efforts to prevent early dropouts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This article examines official management practices and rhetoric in the US federal prison system as they are set out in admission handbooks that are distributed to inmates on arrival. Using concrete examples from contemporary and historical admission manuals I examine the changing language and style of prison governance. Concentrating in particular on the contemporary documents, I show how many of the ideas articulated in the literature on risk and governmentality form the backdrop of everyday prison life as penal administrators attempt to encourage prisoners to govern themselves. In this endeavour, the handbooks rely on a language of managerialism that presents inmates as just another ‘client group’ or customer base. This rhetorical shift implicitly denies the particularity of penal institutions, while simultaneously placing all the responsibility on the prisoners for their self-improvement and good order. The handbooks also reveal women's behaviour and sexuality to be more strictly monitored and regulat...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Some markets demand wood with a humidity level of 8% to 12%, which requires more costly kiln-drying processes. In general, the drying of the timber helps to prevent cracking and warping and the appearance fungi that can reduce quality. Nearly all have extraction equipment and basic technology for primary processing, such as sawmills, and sawblade sharpeners and trimmers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The Regulating Plans were designed to regulate land use, construction and the physical development of urban areas, and the notion of a planning instrument in Chile revolves mostly around these activities. They were not designed to promote more integrated urban development, programming or service delivery. Thus, a management instrument, one from which the land use plans cascade down, becomes essential for ensuring overall coherence.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Traditional security studies and international relations theory do little to address the security issues associated with the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Because security studies and international relations have been preoccupied with conditions affecting the major powers, little of the long history of international relations and national security has practical application to Africa and the HIV/AIDS epidemic it is experiencing. From a theoretical perspective many fields of security studies and international relations do not adequately address critical dimensions in dealing with security. Dimensions of time, scope and depth are often overlooked. This point is important regarding the AIDS epidemic because time and extent often determine the security threat and whether it is a short-run threat (which is subject to greater political expediency) or a long-run threat (which is subject to less political expediency). In the short run the epidemic threatens the security of political institutions, the military and military op...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In Country Group 2 (“Polarised female labour market behaviour”), where mothers work either full-time or not at all, the probability of working full- rather than part-time increases only when the youngest child is aged between 6 and 10 years old. And in countries where mothers often work part-time (“Women in long-term part-time work”, Country Group 1), the probability of working full-time increases only when the youngest child is 11 to 15 years old, as is also the case in countries with a relatively narrow gender gap in working hours (e.g. France and the Nordics, Country Group 4). In Eastern European countries (Country' Group 3), the number of children in a household does not appear to have a significant impact on the likelihood of an employed mother working full- rather than part-time.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The number of days with intensive precipitation (more than 10 mm in 24 hours) is predicted to increase by 20-100. Moreover, periods without precipitation, i.e., more than five days without rain, are expected to occur more frequently. Changes in seasonal flow are predicted to vary from -5% to +10%, depending on the area.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This policy instrument presents a number of advantages for delivering housing support to low-income households but also has weaknesses compared to social rental housing- especially in providing support to vulnerable households. There seems to be therefore room for policy improvement, as privileging support to owner-occupied housing is generally not consistent with tenure-neutrality goals nor with supporting households who are most in need. As shown so far, many households - and especially low-income and vulnerable households -struggle with their housing costs and are often faced with poor housing conditions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The National Council was established in 2010 and its Rules of Procedure have been prepared. At the moment, MoEPP is preparing amendments to the Law on Nature Protection concerning the functions of the National Council, giving opinions to the Law on Nature Protection, proclaiming Protected Areas, taking decisions regarding strategic documents, and adopting the National Strategy for Nature Protection. Data pertaining to biodiversity are currently limited to copies of reports forwarded from the Administration of Environment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
That is certainly also the case with ICTs, which have transformed our economies and societies, indeed our world, over the past few decades. Just think of the Internet and mobile phones - in less than a generation, the worldwide web and the global reach of 4.7 billion mobile phone subscribers have revolutionized the way we live and work, creating what the UN has dubbed the 'Information Society' - a society of globalized interdependence. For the most part, new technologies are beneficial, in creating opportunities to make and do things that were previously impossible, or opportunities to make and do things better and more efficiently than before. In other words, ICTs can certainly help us achieve the SDGs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
International experiences show a great variety of governance models, which reflect different institutional organisations, local circumstances, historical and cultural choices. But regardless of the place-based considerations to get water charges right, a number of common and overarching governance principles should be followed to set the needed framework conditions for economic instruments to deliver. For water charges to deliver, it is crucial to address not only the question of “what to do?”
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
At the global level and with the exception of for rice, which has a comparable nutritional contribution level to that of wheat, the contribution of other cereals is almost negligible. It is therefore important to try and assess the extent of wheat security at the level of individual countries as well as of the region more broadly. In other words, to assess how far the countries of the region are secure or safe in terms of wheat availability. Within the context of this study, wheat security is defined as being available at all times and in adequate quantities that satisfy demand.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In violation of federal law, the state of South Dakota unnecessarily placed elderly people and people with disabilities in nursing facilities when they could have stayed in their homes and communities with appropriate support, a US Department of Justice investigation has found.  Under the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and a subsequent Supreme Court ruling, states must provide people with disabilities services in the most integrated community setting appropriate to their needs, regardless of age or type of disability.  In a 2 May letter to South Dakota governor, Dennis Daugaard, the head of the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division, Vanita Gupta said that many of the state’s elderly and disabled people were being sent to long term care facilities despite their preference for …
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
While science, technology and innovation can be thought of as three separate concepts, they all represent investments towards new knowledge and practical applications to improve the current state of knowledge. The interlinkages between science, technology and innovation also makes these terms difficult to dissect. Modern research is often dependent on access and use of modern technologies. Similarly, the development of new technologies and other innovations are often products of research conducted in public institutions, such as universities, and private corporations or other entities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Many countries have reported the involvement of ministries with cross-cutting influence, such as ministries of planning or finance, and the mainstreaming of the SDGs 11 targets into sectoral/line ministries, as well as the integration of SDG targets within the country's development plans and other relevant urban strategies. Countries have also reported efforts to engage several partners including civil society, academia and private sector, in shaping policies and plans to implement the urban related SDGs. In some countries and for several targets, efforts are still at an early stage, and others are completely stalled.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Many of these goods are only traded within a small area, either because they are perishable or because of transportation costs. When social protection programmes generate additional income that creates demand for locally produced goods and services, they contribute to virtuous circles where agricultural and rural non-farm income growth reinforce each other. The degree of the impact will depend on the availability of local resources, including labour, that can supply the goods and services needed to meet additional demand without significant price increases.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The years 2008 and 2009 saw the establishment of the Clean Investments Funds (CIFs) - committing an overall USD 6.7 billion of which USD 4.7 billion is for climate change mitigation. The UNFCCC and other institutions such as the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) are still providing channels for public and private sector investments towards climate change mitigation. On several occasions in interviews, investors expressed the idea that the IEA should play a bigger role in disseminating the information. One professor at the Energy Research Institute in Beijing emphasised that "experts, training and capacity building are needed in China."
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
As a result, 14 regions in 11 countries participated in the review process in 2008-11. The third round of reviews was launched in 2011-13 to respond to the OECD’s global strategy and continuing demand. The OECD would like to thank the Government of the Department of Antioquia, the Rectors of the universities in Antioquia, other representatives of tertiary education institutions, as well as numerous regional stakeholders who provided valuable insights during the review visit.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Such efforts should also include identifying information and data gaps, as well as capacity-building needs in statistical authorities and bodies of the EECCA countries. All the above-mentioned analysis could lead to better evidence-based decision making in designing future climate targets and necessary policies, and help mobilise private sector investment and domestic financial resources. Such benefits include reducing duplication and transaction costs, enhancing a country’s ownership over accessing and using financial resources, strengthening linkages between climate policies and the country’s core planning and budgeting processes, and improving accountability and transparency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It has been at the forefront of major trends in psychiatric treatment, such as its initiation of deinstitutionalisation in the 1960s, and development of a suicide prevention programme in 1995 (updated in 2006). In 1995, the country’s mental health care system underwent a major reform in order to improve quality of life for long-term psychiatric patients and emphasise community care (Silfverhielm & Kamis-Gould* 2000). Mental health policy has benefited from increased funding in recent years, with the most recent plan spanning 2012 to 2016.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
However, price volatility for all commodities and food overall was much lower than what was experienced between 1970 and 1980. Despite this, in most recent years (between 2010 and 2014), volatility for many crops (except maize) and food has fallen. Since the mid-1990s, growth in agro-food trade has averaged around 5% per annum.3 Since the start of the new round of WTO negotiations on agricultural trade, growth rates in agro-food trade have been significantly higher than what was seen between 1994 and 2000 (Figure 1.3). Between 2000 and 2013, the BRIICS’s share of world agricultural exports increased from 9.9% to 17.4%, while their share of world agricultural imports increased from 6.5% to 15.6%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Few fields of legal study are as introspective as comparative law. It is fairly obvious that scholars would try to analyze and elaborate the rules of contracts, succession, or administrative law. Those subjects affect people every day. It takes some thinking, on the other hand, to figure out why anyone should care about how and why German and Canadian judicial qualifications differ. In fact, a hefty chunk of comparative law scholarship concerns, well, comparative law scholarship.1 Comparative constitutional law—a relative latecomer to comparative study—contributes at least its fair share to this literature.2   For many years, Gunter Frankenberg has been an important participant...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Their elaboration includes public engagement and consultation and the strategies themselves are meant to align with the regional spatial development plan, sectoral strategies and regional programmes such as the ROP. For example, the eastern voivodeship of Podlaskie has based its regional development strategy on its competitive strengths (Box 2.4). The region overall has a lower level of development, more limited accessibility to both the rest of Poland and to its neighbours to the east, an aging population and lower skills levels than the national average, and low rates of entrepreneurship and limited economic diversification in rural areas at a time when employment in agriculture is declining. And yet, the region also has many assets and opportunities for development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Social work has had a long concern for people experiencing different forms of social injustice. This chapter sets out the history of social work debates about knowledge concerned with the shape of the discipline and profession of social work and then traces a history of practice responses that give social work its distinctive form. Despite changes in contemporary conditions, since its beginnings, social work continues to adapt its focus to challenge forms of injustice, disadvantage and social conditions that impact the well-being of individuals, families, groups, communities and societies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Abstract   The dominance of the internet as a shopping and distribution channel also necessitates an understanding of e-service quality. Using means-ends-chain theory, we develop a conceptual framework to understand the different models and the associated multiple measures that have been developed to examine this construct. We test the measures empirically using meta-analytic techniques. We also summarize the impact of e-service quality on key outcomes—customer satisfaction, repurchase intentions, and word-of-mouth, as well as the moderating impact of three contextual factors: country culture, regulatory environment, and industry context. Results indicate that e-service quality has four underlying dimensions (website design, fulfilment, customer service, and security/privacy) though their relevance for overall e-service quality is moderated by country-specific (uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, power distance, individualism), regulatory environment-specific (financial secrecy, rule of law), and industry-specific (services/goods, retailing/banking) factors as well as research-design factors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Unlike women, men’s share of unpaid care work remains relatively stable across age groups, slightly increasing later in life. The following three sections present policy options within the “3Rs” framework. It is crucial to design policies and programmes that empower women and men to spend their time in more fulfilling and productive ways, such as paid work or study, quality time with their families, participating in their communities or resting.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Another pillar of the NAS was extensive stakeholder engagement, involving about 100 organisations over three years. This approach, with active participation and involvement going far beyond normal practice, widened the scope from the original scientific focus, integrated perspectives of other relevant groups and helped raise stakeholder awareness. It also facilitated the emergence of a “climate change adaptation community”.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Finally, a tax of 10% applies to dividends received by shareholders. The reforms sought to broaden the tax base and improve tax administration. Tax rates on wages and salaries, rental income and foreign trade have been reduced. A sales tax was replaced by VAT in 2003 (Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, 2013[9]).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
It also became possible to transfer ownership rights to private legal persons, including foreign ones. However, private ownership rights did not apply to agricultural and some other lands.15 The Decree set out the principles of state ownership of agricultural land with private use rights under 99-year leases and of division of the lands of restructured agricultural enterprises among workers, including those employed in the social sphere in rural areas (e.g. teachers and medical workers), and pensioners. Many subleases were converted into shares of agricultural enterprises, with shareholders now receiving dividends based on enterprise profitability rather than a share of output or a rental payment. From 2004 to 2010, a total of 864.5 thousand hectares of state agricultural land was purchased.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
At the same time, there is a growing competition in medical and health tourism which is a growing field in international trade. These patients were part of an expanding global trade in medical tourism which the board valued at USD 40 billion worldwide and with global growth potential of some 20% per year. While hard statistics on the value of health-related travel remain patchy and tend to underestimate activity, they show that OECD countries consumed more than USD 5 billion worth of healthcare services abroad in 2008.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The objective of this GD is to reduce exposure to asbestos so as to lessen the risk of diseases occurring and to establish limit values and specific harmonized minimum requirements forthe protection of workers. The key legislation includes GO No. This includes ensuring (and reporting to the EC) that timely progress is being made tow'ards meeting the commitments made by Romania in the field of waste management within the negotiation process of chapter 22 of the acquis communautaire.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)