albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Recent scholarship in cultural studies and philosophy has exposed the whiteness that works through familiar conceptions of politics and democracy. Contemporary notions of the common, as they have been articulated in (post-)Marxist and radical-democratic idioms, need to be confronted by the same interrogations. Considering the epistemological standpoint from which theorizations of the common and radical democracy are articulated, I argue that they fail to adequately confront the colonial problematics toward which they gesture. In response, I propose a notion of the common grounded in an ethical and epistemological responsibility to the oppressed and excluded, and analytically centered on the ontologies of race that articulate capitalist modernity. A passageway into this decolonial common can be found in the context of pedagogy, since teaching opens up terrains of confrontation and dialogue that are the condition of solidarity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Aggregate calculations: FAO Statistics Division (ESS). Cereals include wheat, rice paddy, barley, maize, popcorn, rye, oats, millets, sorghum, buckwheat, quinoa, fonio, triticale, canary seed, mixed grain and cereals nes. Aggregate calculations: Weighted average using population (WPP2012) as weight. Missing data are not imputed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
To take into account the key role of working opportunities for women (men) in both origin and destination countries, female (male) unemployment rates are added. Labour is one of the main reasons of migration (Grieco and Boyd, 1998). Hence, working opportunities in the destination country are an important factor of migration.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Global experience has shown that consistent policy commitment at the highest levels of government is key to accelerating women's entrepreneurship development. The level of policy support for women’s economic activity varies across the MENA region. Some governments have implemented national development plans or national gender strategies, others have engaged in efforts to promote women entrepreneurs and showcase their accomplishments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Income standards are known as functions that summarise the income distribution by a single "representative” level of income, which can then be used in comparison of material living standards across countries and over time. Widely-used income standards reflect the general affluence of the distribution - the case of the average - or the affluence of some parts of the distribution - the case e.g. of the average income in the lowest quintile. Compared with those, the family of income standards defined in this paper, based on the general mean approach, do not restrict attention to income below an arbitrary cut-off point while ignoring incomes across the line.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The region deviates widely from the world trend in wheat consumption, where, on average, the per-capita consumption is almost double that of the world average. This higher wheat consumption translates into its elevated contribution to the calorie and protein intake of the population. Although the tendency is to think of the Arab region as homogenous in their diet habits and food preferences, a closer look at the data shows some discrepancies. For example, while generally there is high reliance on wheat across all countries, the GCC countries tend to have moderate contribution of rice to the calorie and protein intake with 18 per cent and 11 per cent, respectively, in Kuwait, 15 per cent and 9 per cent in the United Arab Emirates, and 13 per cent and 9 per cent in Saudi Arabia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The term was formerly LUZ (larger urban zone). The perimeters used in this report were defined by Eurostat (2015) as part of the Urban Audit 2011-2014. Casualty figures at FUA level were taken from CARE, a database managed by the European Commission's Directorate General for Mobility and Transport (DG MOVE).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Most of the Captagon tablets are smuggled across the non-official border crossings between Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic, transiting Jordan, with Saudi Arabia as the main final destination. In October 2015, 2 tons of Captagon destined for Saudi Arabia were reportedly seized at the international airport in Beirut. Trafficking and abuse of amphetamine among countries in the Middle East continued to be reported. Saudi Arabia is among the countries that registered a significant increase in the amount of amphetamine tablets seized, as the country seized more than 100 million tablets in 2014, compared with 57 million in 2013.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Requests for information are regulated by the 2011 Law on Information Transparency and Right to Information. The petitions and complaints are handled in accordance with the 2015 Law on General Administrative Procedures. In accordance to the Law', public (citizens and legal entities) requests for information should be answered within seven working days, w'hich may be extended by another seven days if producing the requested information requires more time.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
We describe briefly how to value these benefits - which are dependent on ecosystem contributions - using economic tools and methods. We also define a framework for assessing this cultural ecosystem service and explain relevant economic concepts. Increased leisure time, in turn, is strongly correlated with a rising demand for recreation and outdoor activities including walking in the forest, swimming, running, cycling, skiing, fishing, berry-picking, etc. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In order to estimate the financial burden of ADEs in Germany, Stark et al (2011) based the cost study on a model originating from the American healthcare system. Their estimations quantified health care costs related to ADEs emerging from ambulator)’ care settings to a total of €816 million, or 0.22% of German health expenditure in 2011. Almost 60% was due to hospitalisations, 11% to emergency department visits and the remaining 21% from expenditures made in long-term care. However, these costs are only approximations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
With the goal to become one of the top performing higher education institutions worldwide as an APEX university, USM has set forth an agenda, Transforming Higher Education for a Sustainable Tomorrow in order to “support the drive to improve the wellbeing of humanity, the bottom billion.” The strengthening of the post-graduate programmes, in medical health, life sciences, health sciences, engineering and technology, and information technology is directly in line with regional priorities. Developing the pool of highly-qualified researchers and engineers is critical to the capacity of the region to compete on the basis of design and development and innovation in the electrical and electronics industry and other industries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This article explores judicial methodology in the mixed legal system of Quebec and examines, in particular, how the nature of its legal system as a mixed legal system influences the judicial methodology of its judges, especially with respect to the de facto use of precedent. Features of the mixity, including the institutional setting of Quebec courts as courts of inherent jurisdiction, the nature of Quebec’s civil justice system and procedural law, as well as the judicial role and the effect of a supreme precedential authority (in the Supreme Court of Canada) are examined in turn as influential factors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Increased social dialogue can alter society’s attitude and educate communities about the role of the police in protecting rights. Broader campaigns are needed to change deeply rooted beliefs and social perceptions about the acceptability of reporting gender-based discrimination, abuses and crimes. In addition, countries in the region may need to strengthen discreetness protocols such that complaints and court proceedings that involve sensitive areas of personal integrity remain excluded from personnel files or employment forms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In addition to the reinforcement and extension of the grid, the need to cover strongly varying residual load would not only continue to generate long-run adequacy costs but also impose added ramp costs on dispatchable operators. The latter have not been accounted for explicitly in this study due to data issues but have been qualitatively discussed in the context of load following of nuclear plants and should not be neglected in a more complete analysis. For instance in California, where peak demand is reached in the middle of the day due to air conditioning, solar power, which reaches its maximum contribution with some regularity during almost the same hours, has a relatively high capacity credit (this rather favourable situation in California and the south-western United States cannot be extrapolated to the rest of the United States).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Hummels and Schaur (2010) quantify the costs of time delays, suggesting that each additional day in transit is equivalent to an ad valorem tariff of between 0.6 per cent and 2.3 per cent, and that trade in intermediate inputs is 60 per cent more time-sensitive. The use of GPS (i.e. Global Positioning System) for navigation and route planning has become ubiquitous in recent years. New technologies, such as artificial intelligence (Al), promise to have a similarly pervasive influence, as Al applications currently include autonomous driving capabilities and real time itinerary mapping. This network connects drivers to trucks so that several drivers can divide long drives into four to five hours each, rather than one driver having to cover the entire length of the journey.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Integrated, holistic and linked data bases have been established in leading countries to match the records of crashes contained in police records with data from health, insurers and other sources to form a complete picture of the road crash problem and more recently the level of severity of injury occurring. These “matched databases” involves establishing memoranda of understanding between agencies to manage issue such as privacy and, integrity and confidentiality. Both the police report number and the real number are published annually since 1996.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Studies on experts' understanding of the public have mainly focused on the views of scientists. We add to the literature on constructions of the public by analyzing the views of decision-makers, professional science communicators and scientists involved in 'space' communication on the public and public participation in policy. Findings show that contextual situations and roles determine the way the public is conceptualised: the public is sophisticated and knowledgeable to participate in space activities/citizen science, but in matters of policy, a gullible image of the public is brought up. Despite the democratic talk on participation, practitioners delimited public involvement in policy in some way or other to protect their own power and decision-making capabilities. This conception of the public competes with the stated aims of scientific and political institutions for public engagement and the substantive value of public participation, leaving a limited role for the public in space policymaking.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Even though mortality from lung cancer is lower in Austria than in many other EU countries, it remains the leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases (see Section 2). While the development of a comprehensive policy on the protection of nonsmokers started relatively late compared to other countries, Austria introduced a number of measures in recent years, including smoking bans in public places (see Box 1). In addition, Austria published its first Addiction Prevention Strategy - covering illegal and legal drugs including tobacco and alcohol - in 2016, providing the basis for the direction of addiction policy in the coming years. This development potentially contributes to increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases and other health issues in the longer term.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
For example, the OPFII/UNDP Global MPI covers a similar number of developing countries as the World Bank's PPP$1.90/day measure, drawing on national and international datasets, the Economic Community of Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) published a regional MPI in their 2014 Social Panorama, and Alkire and Apablaza (2016) created a preliminary MPI across European Countries using EU-SILC data (See Box 5.3). In the short term, countries can report existing national MPIs or the value of their global MPI published by UNDP. In this sense, the flexibility of the Alkire-Foster method used to build any MPI allows the index to capture national and international concerns of poverty and development (e.g., national development plans and SDGs). The current MPIs that are in place include a range of indicators pertinent to SDG goals such as health, education, living standards, social inclusion, violence, and employment, among others.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
At the same time, long-term trends in inequality, population growth, urbanization, economic globalization, technological change and other socioeconomic processes will exert profound impacts on the changing climate which are difficult to envisage (see chap. In addition, future climate trends will depend on national and international actions aimed at mitigation over the next few decades. The uncertainty associated with forecasting long-term climate trends and their effect on weather patterns is complicated by the need to be geographically precise, since the effects of climate hazards are felt at the local level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The economic outcomes capture three concepts: the participation gap (the difference in labour force participation rates), the remuneration gap (ratio of estimated female-to-male earned income) and the advancement gap (the ratio of women to men among legislators, senior officials and managers and technical and professional workers). The political outcomes refer to the gap between men and women at the highest level of political decision making, through the ratio of women to men in minister-level and parliamentary positions. First-Year Law Students’ Work Expectations and Aspirations”, Legal Education Review.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Self-appraisal and/or the preparation of portfolios may also require considerable time and efforts from school leaders. Bearing in mind the often heavy workload and range of responsibilities of school leaders, this is an important point to consider (Ginsberg and Berry, 1990). Opinions about the effectiveness of portfolios were divided. Different school principals perceived their work on portfolios either as a compliance tool, documenting their past achievements, or as a forward-looking tool for goal-setting and professional development. Johnston and Thomas argued that it was the contextualisation of portfolios in a larger supportive social network of professional practice that enabled portfolios to function as a learning tool. They, ultimately, suggested that, considering the time and efforts involved, portfolios can mainly serve as a tool for formative appraisal.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The cross-checking of information on needs, social transfers and taxes could be improved by using a unique identification number (e.g. the cedula). If targeting systems cannot be updated swiftly, alternative insurance mechanisms that allow individuals to cope with temporary shocks and that smooth withdrawal rates for social benefits maybe needed. A.B. Atkinson andT. Piketty), Oxford University Press.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This goal-by-goal review shows that gender inequalities remain pervasive in each and every dimension of sustainable development. In 89 countries with available data, there are 4.4 million more women than men living on less than US$1.90 a day. Unequal access to and control over economic resources lie at the root of women's poverty. Gender inequalities in the labour market persist, largely due to occupational segregation and gender pay gaps. Women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions, and in other areas, such as maternal mortality, child marriage and female genital mutilation (FGM), progress is unacceptably slow and uneven. In situations of unrest, instances of sexual and lethal violence increase and are commonly perpetrated not only by intimate partners but also by police and military personnel.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For "Total number of classes failed", this is the number of classes failed by per member of sample group (asked at age 23). Results are from a study of different curriculum models impact on disadvantaged children in New Jersey. The sample groups are randomly selected and have comparable socio-economic backgrounds and other background characteristics. “ Child Centred (constructivist)" is a High/Scope curriculum model, "Child Centred (social)" is a Nursery School programme with a focus on social skills.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This pricing system was developed to ensure farmers would not be forced to pay the full cost of water supply and to avoid driving out smaller farms (DiSegni, 2013[49]).21 Since this pricing system was introduced during a time of severe shortages, it sent the message that the more water is consumed, the higher the price. While freshwater prices increased, recycled effluent water (REW) was increasingly available at a lower price. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. This new Authority centralised the oversight of Israel’s water, moving from cross-ministerial co-ordination to a single dedicated agency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Barriers to participation and constraints on offset exchanges affect the overall level of competition, and have the capacity to see offset prices rise to levels disproportionate with the social costs of biodiversity loss (DSE, 2012). Additional factors influencing the level of exchange activity in an offsets programme are discussed in Box 2.2.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The focus of the 2006-2009 plan was on the creation of e-learning content and continued improvement of curriculum quality through the use of ICTs. Indeed, the biggest challenge for many education systems is to be able to offer training or learning opportunities to traditionally underserved or marginalized groups. This includes girls and women who face barriers to schooling, rural populations that are too dispersed to populate regular schools cost-effectively with reasonable class sizes, children from families in extreme poverty, and special needs groups or persons with disabilities who have no access to learning centres. On the one hand, monitoring will track the outputs of ICT-adapted curricula.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Since January 2013, the county LDCs are mandatory pre-trial bodies, except, until July 2017, in cases of termination of employment contract, suspension from work, non-pecuniary damages, as well as collective labour disputes, which were the unique prerogative of courts. The new labour code expands the role of the LDCs by making them the mandatory pre-trial body in all cases of labour dispute. Up to now, LDCs have managed to solve all the cases, with no case being brought forward to court.13 This may nevertheless change with the extension of the scope of LDCs notably to termination of employment contract and collective labour dispute. Cases are rare and mostly relate to contract termination, representing less than one per 1 000 of the total number of terminations. Since July 2017, the SLI is also in charge of collecting new data such as the number of employees’ representatives, the number of temporary labour contracts, and the number of termination of labour contracts as well as grounds for it. The county divisions of the SLI will also have to assess reasons for firing or changing work conditions in a less favourable way for an employees’ representative.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This is largely due to, firstly, the fact that social protection in the Pacific is relatively a new field of government activity (WB, 2006a). Secondly, the formal social security system offers low coverage and the vast majority of informal sector employment is not covered under any social security measures. Thirdly, most of PICs are witnessing slow economic growth and have low social protection spending. Finally, since family, community and the traditional support systems still remain stronger, although declining, governments rely heavily upon them for social welfare services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
It details the 10-year framework of programmes for SCP (10YFP) and concludes with a discussion of global collaboration on SCP policy. Through initiatives at local and national level, sub-regional and regional platforms that highlighted common characteristics and the work of the Marrakech Process that galvanised and propelled the international SCP agenda, the 10YFP highlights both the needs and opportunities for governments, UN Agencies and stakeholders to operate in concert. To better understand the 10YFP, it is useful to know the evolution of SCP within the international policy agenda. This was the same year as the release by the Club of Rome of the landmark publication The Limits to Growth with a clarion call to shift course away from the economic growth paradigm in order to avoid overshoot and collapse (Meadows et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
This article analyzes the property rights of indigenous peoples to the lands they occupy both according to the Brazilian domestic legal system and the Inter-American Human Rights System. It discusses the Supreme Court jurisprudence in the case of Raposa Serra do Sol, aiming at verifying the possibility of Brazilian accountability by the judiciary act that restricted the internal protective rules of indigenous land rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The 2030 Agenda lists rising inequalities, natural resource depletion, environmental degradation and climate change as some of the world's greatest challenges. It recognizes that social development and economic prosperity depend on the sustainable management of freshwater resources and ecosystems and highlights the integrated nature of SDGs. The goal on partnerships (SDG 17) is reviewed annually at each HLPF.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This programme is funded by the Ministry of the Economy and other sources. Information for other years is not available.____________________________________________________ Of note, budgets that are lower when executed than when planned are common in Portugal. Only programmes with information publicly accessible to the OECD team were included, hence some funding sources may be missing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Finally, it looks at how apprenticeships can be a tool for social inclusion at the local level, considering the role of social enterprises and how apprenticeships can be used to further the labour market integration of refugees. Boosting participation amongst SMEs, who face specific barriers, may be particularly important. This includes offering more part-time, online, and innovative training arrangements.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Drawing on case studies documenting the experience of water allocation reform of 10 OECD and BRIICS countries, this chapter draws out useful insights and lessons learned. It examines common themes related to drivers of reform, the process of identifying and selecting reform options, the reform process itself, and assessments of reforms that seek to determine if they reached their aims. Often the reform is driven by an accumulation of factors over time.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)