albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
From the available evidence, educational requirements (as well as salaries) appear to be higher in the NPP construction and operating sectors, but perhaps not as high in the decommissioning and waste management sectors as in onshore wind, and in both PV and CSP solar. Deployment of renewable electric energy”, in Electricity from Renewable Resources: Status, Prospects, and Impediments, NAS, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, p. 255, www.nap.edu/catalog/12619/electricity-from-renewable-resources-status-prospects-and-impediments. The use of energy is so pervasive throughout the economy that major transformations in society and economic performance have been driven by waves of innovation in energy supply and use. In the present context, it is of primary importance for policy makers to anticipate how the low-carbon energy transition will impact the economy, and whether it will help or hinder macroeconomic development. This chapter is therefore of a somewhat wider nature than the others.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
One extreme case, however, is that of Afghanistan, which has only seen success in a few areas. These are reflected in 10 indicators, each with equal weight within its dimension. The MPI for the Asia Pacific LDCs, using data available for 2000-2008, is as follows: Bangladesh (57.8 per cent), Cambodia (53.9 per cent), Lao PDR (47.3 per cent), Myanmar (14.2 per cent), Nepal (64.7 per cent), and Yemen (52.5 per cent). A somewhat similar situation also exists for underweight children under age five.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In Canada, Portugal and Spain, the levels are one order of magnitude lower in the GWI sampled cities. In some countries, pollution charges are increasingly tailored to environmental challenges and used as an incentive to reduce pollution. However, in most cases, these instruments tend to be used as sources of revenues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
However, none of the options would have high feasibility and be able to provide a comprehensive answer to the issue to be assessed. However, this item only encompasses part of the focus of this aspect of the stocktake. However, the accuracy of such a proxy may not be very high, such a proxy would not assess the effectiveness of support, and would also conflate climate and nonclimate factors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The most isolated places are outside the national grid and currently depend on power supplied by local diesel-fired generation or local natural gas resources. Diesel is used for communities located off the electrical grid as well as in situations where there is not enough hydroelectricity to meet the demand. A small amount of electricity, less than 1% comes from wind.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
As a sitting Austin City Council member, Brewster McCracken was able to rally key players around the idea of positioning Austin as a smart grid leader. In particular, he was able to call upon Austin Energy, the city’s municipally owned utility, to participate in the effort and act as a test laboratory for the technologies and business processes being explored. Another reason for the project’s success is that it is an explicitly collaborative effort that is most closely associated with the University of Texas and the Austin Technology Incubator, rather than the City of Austin.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
However, positive developments have not occurred in the same way in all GMS countries. Some countries made more progress than others. As described earlier, three out of the five GMS countries (Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam) have exhibited positive trends, in that forest area has stabilized or increased. Especially noteworthy is Lao PDR’s forest reclassification, which explains the increase in the national forest area.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This is particularly noticeable for marine protected areas, where some countries have designated relatively large amounts of their marine territory as protected areas, while others are yet to establish substantive marine protected area networks. In the terrestrial sphere, protected area networks are much more developed but management objectives vary greatly, with some countries predominantly using mixed-use ‘protected landscape’ type of designations, and others using protected areas primarily for the conservation of more pristine ecosystems. Data refer to metropolitan or mainland countries, overseas territories are not included. It is a geospatial database where each record is a protected area with its geometry stored either as polygons representing the area boundaries or as a point (where explicit boundary data is not available).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Objectives: his study was performed to examine whether a community organization strategy had been driven by core values explicit in Ottawa Charter and to give some suggestions for using values in health promotion practice in Korea. Methods: We searched literature online with key words of ‘values’, ‘health promotion’, and/or ‘Ottawa Charter’, etc, and reviewed published papers on design, implementation, and evaluation of Health Plus Happiness Plus Projects in Gyeongsangnam-Do, a community organization strategy. Results: Evident core values since Ottawa Charter had been holistic definition of health, empowerment, community participation, addressing the impact of broader determinants of health, reducing social inequities and injustice, and intersectoral collaboration. A community organization strategy was good at realization of most values. Some ways for value-driven health promotion practice were suggested. Conclusions: More discussion and debate on values in health promotion are needed in Korea.Key words: Ottawa Charter, Health promotion, Community organization, Empowerment, Community development
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This paper critically assesses the implications of the "good governance" program and its underpinning network approach to public governance—that is, the increased reliance on more or less informal networks as a way to mobilize and engage citizens, firms, and organizations in the development, implementation, and monitoring of public policy. We begin by positioning the network approach to public governance within the broader notion of an emerging network society. Second, we present the claim that, on a systemic level, the result of the network paradigm and good governance as a reorientation of the political system from "politics-policy" to "policy-politics." Third, we highlight the normatively ambiguous nature of the network paradigm and good governance, based on a discussion of the two major critical positions: governmentality studies and critical theory. Finally, we suggest some initial guidelines on how to pursue a theory of ethical political action within the parameters of the network paradigm.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It would need to include targets for mixes of land-uses, density and access to services including transportation and education. A national land-use framework that encourages municipalities to increase their share of flexible, mixed-use zones would also facilitate this. In areas of conditional planning that lack zoning, an alternative set of standards would need to ensure a minimum level of services and manage negative externalities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The recent period of sustained economic growth has also seen the emergence of a sizeable middle dass as well as remarkable progress in poverty reduction. According to offidal estimates the poverty headcount in Viet Nam fell from 58% in the early 1990s to 14.5% in 2008. Observations show that recent achievements have not translated directly into progress towards universal well-being.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Heat and electricity tariff-setting is based on a global good practice using rate-of-return methodology. Every sector - heat, electricity and gas distribution - has high investment needs, and therefore, attracting capital with a fair return is necessary. For example, in 2015, ANRE approved transport and internal distribution costs of natural gas at MDL 1 551.00 per 1 000 m3, as compared with MDL 616.92 per 1 000 m3 in 2011. This threefold increase in the costs of transport and internal distribution in the span of four years is significant (inflation in the period was only 27.12%) and suggests that in 2011, transport and internal distribution costs were set at a level that did not allow for proper cost recovery and an appropriate rate of return.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Lack of access to housing and housing instability are often associated with social exclusion, risks to the health, poor educational outcomes as well as with poor access to mainstream health, social work and housing services (OECD, 2014a). The quality of housing and its surroundings are also linked to health, education and child-development outcomes and to general well-being (Newman and Holupka, 2014). Good-quality affordable housing can help the elderly remain healthy and independent, facilitating the delivery of services needed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Chile specifies its BUR only includes resources channelled through the public sector, Brazil only the federal public sector, excluding sub-national governments, and Indonesia includes some flows to NGOs. This will likely continue to vary by country, though Parties could indicate (as some do in their BURs) the receiving institutions included. High: Common guidance could be provided for how to report the information, e.g. using specific terms or terminology with consistent definitions. Note that the coverage of information included would likely still vary by country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
SYNOPSIS This article develops an account of the emotional dimension of minimally decent parenting, with reference to the capability approach to thinking about need. It outlines social interests at stake in ensuring children's healthy emotional development, and evaluates public policy implications of its account of children's emotional needs. Proposals to license parents are rejected in favor of increased public education around the needs of children and the demands of parenting, increased public recognition of the need for social supports for parenting, and more diffused social responsibility for detecting problematic parenting.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The disparity —already evident after the age of 40— is glaring from the age of 60 onwards. Figure 25 shows how the disability gap between income quintiles widens as the population ages, suggesting that the impact of contextual factors increases over the life cycle, and that economic and social resources are instrumental in the degree of autonomy people may expect to have in old age. This makes is all the more important to craft policies to counter these income-driven differences in life trajectories. Both the difficulties inherent to a particular impairment —be it sensory, mental or physical— and the different types of response from the environment in terms of capacity for self-care, adaptation of the physical context, participation in society, range of education and employment opportunities and respect for the right to self-determination.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This combined better inter-sector co-ordination between the SSA and the SS providers and the government’s first attempt to decentralise SSA services by transferring responsibility' for health care to the states, which was to be the first wave of a longer decentralisation process. It was at this time (1983) that a constitutional amendment was passed, giving each individual the right to health protection and from which the General Health Law was derived. As part of these changes, the Ministry of Public Health and Assistance changed its name to the Ministry of Health (Secretaria de Salud).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
When the Constitutional Court reviews the constitutionality and conventionality of laws, it declares their adequacy or inadequacy to the principles, rights and norms enshrined in the Constitution and in the American Convention on Human Rights, developing a fairly complex “legal” action, to the extent that –in many cases– it intervenes in policy areas of the legislator himself. This situation creates tension between the legislative power and the judicial power, as it is argued that the latter was not popularly elected, as it is with the legislator. Therefore, this research aims at describing these tensions in the context of control of constitutionality and conventionality over the laws in Colombia. Highlighting the importance of the latter as a kind of concurrent, complementary and necessary control of constitutionality. For this, a theorizing exercise is carried out based on bibliographic review and illustrations with rulings, presented with a qualitative approach.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As shown in Figure 2, in countries such as Czech Republic, Finland and Korea the percent of variation of students’ scores on the PISA test explained by their SES status has increased since 2006. This means the educational systems in these countries have become less inclusive and/or supportive to students of disadvantaged backgrounds. In contrast, countries such as Chile, Mexico and the United States improved on this measure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
And since a multihazard system will be activated more regularly it is likely to be better maintained and more readily available for hazards such as tsunamis that occur infrequently. Such integrated systems may also help the public better understand the range of risks they face and the need to prepare and to respond to warnings. For example, many Asia-Pacific countries have already set up warning systems that are common for most hydrometeorological hazards. However, it can be difficult to combine these systems with those for geophysical hazards which are often managed by other ministries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
There is also potential for the improved regulation of the aquaculture sub-sector, with better monitoring of its impact on ecosystems, notably through the clearer allocation of responsibilities and sharing of information across government structures. Catch limits and other measures aimed at improving the sustainability of fish resources should contribute to increasing producer incomes in the long run by increasing the value of the catch per unit of effort, leading to a reduction in production costs, particularly if complemented by an efficient catch allocation system. Better regulation of environmental externalities linked to aquaculture production and the adoption of sustainable production practices also have the potential to increase the returns from aquaculture farms in the medium to long run.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The remainder of the chapter is divided into the following sections: a review of key considerations in selecting core Goals-related indicators for companies, suggestions of core indicators and an approach to their measurement and a summary of the deliberations on this topic at the thirty-fourth session of the Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts. Consequently, the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators was established to work towards developing a global indicator framework to monitor the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Member States should develop their national indicators in line with the principles of the 2030 Agenda, according to which targets are defined as aspirational and global, with each Government setting its own national targets guided by the global level of ambition but taking into account national circumstances.5 Developing the Goals-related indicators, including preparing metadata guidance on the measurement of these indicators, is a work in progress. The objective of this work is to enable countries to report on this indicator and collect data on companies’ sustainability performance and impacts in a comparable and consistent manner.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The MDGs (launched in 2000) also drew together existing standards in different indicators to propose a harmonised set of indicators of which monetary poverty was just one element. In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the worldwide consensus has shifted to view poverty as multidimensional. Precursors to this conceptual shift include (1) academic writings such as by Amartya Sen (1990, 1991), (2) inputs from poor persons and non-governmental organisations, consultations leading up to the Sustainable Development Goals, (3) an increasingly visible academic literature on multidimensional poverty measurement, and (4) the pioneering leadership of countries such as Colombia, Mexico, China, South Africa, Bhutan, Pakistan, and others in using multidimensional poverty statistics to complement monetary measures and guide policy. Informed by this emerging consensus, the pivotal SDG document Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development identifies, in its second sentence the global challenge of reducing poverty in "all its forms and dimensions," as the foremost challenge of our time.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This paper examines a number of aspects of sexual orientation discrimination across Europe. Starting with the supranational level it explores the systems of protection offered against discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation through the European Convention on Human Rights and under the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights. Subsequently it discusses the protection offered under European Union law and more recent attempts by the EU to tackle discrimination upon a broad range of grounds including sexual orientation. The paper also looks at examples of implementation in national jurisdictions, particularly the United Kingdom. The whole draws inevitable comparisons with discrimination based upon sex and transgender status and explores the complex issue of intersectionality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The paths clearly diverge for men and women in the lower strata. Men exchange their status as a student for status as a worker with no overlap between the two, while most women exchange their status as a student for one as a mother, housewife or assistant housewife without passing through the labour market. In the low strata in the second group of countries, half of the 20-year-old women are no longer single. In the first group, this change in civil status for women in the same stratum takes place at age 24.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Care should also be taken to expand partnerships with gender-aware and women’s rights organizations at the global, regional and country levels. Pathways to achieving gender results are complex and depend on a variety of institutional and contextual factors. The evaluation learned that demonstrating a direct correlation between UNDP institutional reforms and development results was challenging for a number of reasons. Data constraints posed a key problem, but the far more important factor was the complexity of gender programming.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, emissions levels recorded in 1990 and immediately thereafter, rather than being real reductions in emissions, were actually due to economic decline, which caused GHG emissions to fall sharply. The Strategy was meant to be a general framew'ork for climate change policies and measures during the brief period of 2005-2007, outlining Romania’s policies in meeting the international obligations under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol, as well as the country’s national priorities such as EU integration and possible participation in EU ETS. It assigns tasks and responsibilities for all stakeholder institutions and identifies the main actors for each specific action and relevant task.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Failure to build new capacity on time may lead to situations where electricity security cannot be ensured on a national basis. If this is the case, interconnections can contribute to ensure security of electricity supply. Potential investors in new generating capacity must expect to cover their variable operating and fuel costs, their operation and maintenance costs and their capital costs from sale of energy over the lifetime of the power plant.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Given that the Russian Federation plans to further reduce export taxes on energy and increase taxes on extraction, the export tax unification process will remain a sensitive issue for Belarus. Overall, from 1991 to 2015, the six EaP economies have all grown in real terms (World Bank, 2017) and developed a large services sector that contributes to over half of the value added in each of the countries (Figure 1.7). Meanwhile, the six countries’ economic performance is sensitive to fluctuations in international markets (especially in the case of Azerbaijan, the only exporter of energy commodities in the region) and regional linkages.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The aim of the research is to examine the perspectives of teachers and preservice teachers in regard with models, mathematical models and mathematical modelling process in different variables terms and to compare them. In this research that is having quantitative research design survey method, which is one of the descriptive research technic, survey method is used. Research is performed with 127 teacher and preservice teachers. It is benefitted from a different survey in the stage of data collection and open ended questions that is developed by the researcher. In the analysis of the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods and content analysis method were used. As a result, views of the teachers and preservice teachers regarding (mathematical) models and mathematical modelling shows differences according to some variables, however, it is not found out most significant differences in the views of the teachers and preservice teachers in regard with these subjects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It is widely recognised today - and this was highlighted by the OECD Innovation Strategy -that innovation policy can contribute significantly to achieving these goals by harnessing an innovative, knowledge-based economy. With full recognition of the current policy initiatives across many EU and non-EU nations directed at what are termed demand-side innovation policies - public measures to increase demand for innovations, to improve conditions for the uptake of innovations or to improve the articulation of demand in order to spur innovations and allow their diffusion" - this review concentrates on supply-side factors. This concentration reflects a considered judgment concerning both sides of the supply-demand interface.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The categorisation of these stages in the recruitment process provides a clear framework for identification of concrete actions at each stage of the election cycle. The rules and practices must ensure that women and men have equitable opportunity and support in the entire electoral process, that is, during the pre-election, election and postelection periods. Table 1.4 summarises key state responsibilities in relation to elections, and the gender dimensions of each.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Accurate prices can promote irrigation efficiency within agriculture and increase the likelihood of achieving economic efficiency across the sectors that compete for limited water resources. In the trade setting, irrigation subsidies can generate a competitive advantage for farmers in one country, if farmers in another country are required to pay water charges that reflect a greater range of cost components. To date, there is no published evidence of such a competitive advantage, but the topic arises in policy discussions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)