albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
AbstractThis article assesses the relationship between multiculturalism and neoliberalism, focusing on the Australian context. It analyses recent reforms concerning immigrant integration and cultural diversity, and argues that since the mid-1990s Australian multiculturalism has embodied three central components of state restructuring: heightened demands for sociocultural discipline and conformity, fiscal conservatism and the retrenchment of safety nets, and the promotion of economic competitiveness, flexibility and efficiency in global markets. In retracing the trajectory of Australian policy this analysis contributes to emerging literatures on multiculturalism, and the shifting nature of citizenship and government rationalities in the present neoliberal context. In addition to illuminating recent changes in Australia, its findings display significant import for countries facing similar dynamics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
One example of the capability of the system to work on efficiency improvement is the school consolidation process. This process was led in a decentralised fashion by individual municipalities. Municipalities have sought to consolidate their school systems to both increase student achievement by improving the learning environment and to reduce expenditures in the Folkeskole by achieving economies of scale through larger school sizes. The national system reduces financial differences across municipalities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
During the fourth call (published in 2012), a total of 241 project applications were received, for almost EUR 8 million, with private-sector participation of an additional EUR 4 million. Overall, the requested amount was around 12 times higher than the total programme budget. Croatia has been involved in EUREKA as a full member as of 23 June 2000. In February 2009 MSES transferred operative implementation of EUREKA programme to BICRO.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
However, the survey method does provide information about issues (especially perceptions) that could not be obtained through other methods. In addition, the TALIS Video Study will provide important perspectives on the validity of self-report data because it will collect both survey and video data. Because the database does not allow identification of classrooms, it is not possible to link teachers with their class students. Student outcomes can, therefore, be associated only with the school-aggregated indicator of teachers. That review argued for better national and international information on teachers. These were attracting, developing, and retaining effective teachers, school policies and effectiveness, and quality teachers and teaching.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The European Commission, Germany and Norway have committed about €110m to the GEEREF over the period 2007-2011. The EIB Group is the fund manager. This scheme has been effective in mobilizing capital for new asset classes in developing countries, especially in those regions where perceived risks are a high hurdle to private capital mobilization.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This report examined the safety in primary and ambulatory care from an economic perspective - in terms of the (a) costs of unsafe care from a financial, economic and burden of illness perspective, and (b) potential strategies to improve safety across the sector in a resource-constrained environment. Given the unique nature of this setting - in contrast to hospital and long-term care - a broad and longitudinal definition of safety is adopted. Patient harm can result from a single incident, but can also develop over time through delayed diagnosis or treatment. The report was informed by a literature scan and a survey of 26 experts in patient safety from a total of 29 countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The difference between the peak of the load duration curve and the residual load duration curve represents the generation capacity that, on average, is not required due to the presence of variable wind energy. The difference between the black and the blue curves shows the minimal generation capacity, over all samples, which is not needed. In the last edition of the World Energy Outlook (IEA, 2011c), the IEA assumes that the annual peak demand is normally distributed around the mean. The capacity credit is then calculated based on the difference between the peak demand and the point one standard deviation above the residual peak demand.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
I do not know how to write and read, so how can I speak to them? Now that I am the president of my organisation, I can talk to these people. When people are treated as lesser they can come to internalise a sense of lack of worth that profoundly affects their sense of what they can do and what they are due by society.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In the case of Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu, aid accounts for more than 10 per cent of GDP in all cases. Aid flows to Fiji and PNG, the bigger and more resource-rich of the countries, account for less than 5 per cent of GDP. Engagement with civil society and the private sector is essential, as is building trust and confidence.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
This is supported by the recent polls of values in EU27 countries that demonstrate that the most important notions associated with happiness are health (73%], love (44%}, work (37%}, peace (35%] and money (32%] (European Commission 2008]. Also some anecdotal evidence is available from a study of workers who have been given short-time contracts during the economic crisis: some workers would now prefer to keep their short-time hours and reduced pay rather than return to their normal working conditions - up to 30% of staff in some companies (Pignal and Schafer 2009]. These examples demonstrate that well-being and quality of life do not directly depend on the high resource consumption.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
In 2007/08 season 764 000 tonnes were harvested across the CCAMLR region. In 1990 the Commission endorsed the objectives for harvesting the krill resource (Constable 2000). The yield is determined by a series of rules, based on the objectives above, that are applied to the preexploitation biomass of krill (Bo) and derive a proportion for harvesting (termed y).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Recognising that this could not continue indefinitely, attention has turned to the management of water demand by measures such as water pricing mechanisms, reduction of water losses, water reuse and recycling, increasing the efficiency of domestic, agricultural and industrial water uses, and water saving campaigns supported by public education. Reducing water demand can bring additional benefits in decreased pollution discharges and lower energy consumption. At the household level, this is largely a matter of combining water-efficient installations with raising awareness, industrial users have reduced water use by recycling, reuse, changing production processes, using more efficient technologies and reducing leakage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In Korea, the Centre for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology (WISET) provides grants to support engineering research projects led by female graduate students, in order to support their research and leadership capabilities. An example is the Programme to Support Research Activities of Female Researchers in Japan. The programme's goals are to increase the number of women in research, improve their research skills, and support their appointment to leading positions. Plans designed by research institutions may include measures such as providing researchers (regardless of gender) with assistants during specific “life events” (e.g. childbirth, childcare, care of elderly relatives) so that they can balance research with personal responsibilities, establishing flexible employment arrangements, including flexitime, job sharing and part-time work, providing childcare services, and encouraging female students to pursue an academic career. These include skills in the fields of finance, marketing and human resources management, as well as capacities to identify new opportunities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In the United Kingdom,1 a strong recovery has taken hold, with GDP having grown faster than both the EU and OECD averages between 2012 and 2015 (Figure 1.1). While the economy grew by 1.8% in 2016, down from 2.2% in the year before, the referendum vote on membership in the European Union (“Brexit”) in June 2016 has not had as strong a negative short-term impact on growth as many forecasters predicted, due in part to supportive monetary policy which mitigated the effect of increased uncertainty on consumer spending and business investment. Since 2012, the proportion of working-age Britons (age 15 to 64) who are employed has grown, and this percentage reached a record 73.3% in the first quarter of 2016, w'ell above the OECD average of 66.8%. Consequently, the unemployment rate fell to 5.0% in 2015, its lowest level since 2005 (Figure 1.2), and the Bank of England projects that the unemployment rate will remain at 5% until early 2019. At 30.7%, the share of unemployed who stay unemployed for a year or more (the longterm unemployment rate) is now below crisis levels, below the OECD average of 33.8%, and well below the EU average of 50%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It is also possible for a master's degree holder to take one year of pedagogical studies in the faculty of educatioi gain a formal teacher qualification. Teacher candidates are not only expected to become experts in pedagogical content knowledge, but they required to write a research-based dissertation as the final requirement for the master's degree. Upper-grade teachers major in an academic subject area of their choice, primary-grade teachers major in educational sciences.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Some studies have shown that male migration contributes to shrinking of the gender gap (Abdulloev and others, 2014) while others indicated that women in households with migrants are less likely to be in paid employment 0ustino and Shemyakina, 2012). Women from Uzbekistan, however, are less likely to have specific plans, when they do have them, the women are less likely to come back to Uzbekistan. Among all migrants from Central Asia, going back and forth between the Russian Federation and their country of origin is a popular and desired way of life. This phenomenon stems from highly developed transnational practices - the sending of remittances and developing familial, intimate and other ties diat die migrants maintain in both countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For example, the gradual shift in the United States towards smaller vehicles, which began after the 1974 oil shock, went into reverse as cars got more fuel efficient. Disentangling these effects is complex because lower oil prices contributed to this result, but the rebound effect appears to be a factor. Somewhat different implications arise when the energy is being consumed by a business: it means more output per unit of energy' consumed, whereas for households it may mean increased final consumption of heat or electricity, and hence an increase in welfare.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Beyond school, better work-life balances would allow more women to enrol in on-the-job training and professional courses. Women could better pursue their individual and professional aspirations. Improved job satisfaction exerts a protective role on physical health and shields against mental disorder (Barnay, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Their functions include making recommendations on: plans and training programmes, teaching methods, programme evaluation and teacher training, among others. These councils are chaired by the director, and include as appropriate the assistant directors, heads of class or subject, ATPs, presidents of the students' council, and representatives of the parents' association, the school cooperative and the school garden plot (where this exists). In general terms, these councils' attributions are limited.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In-kind benefits and consumption taxes, however, are excluded, as the underlying income surveys do not provide this information. The bottom inequality in a country is obtained as the ratio between (overall) average income and average income of one bottom decile (e.g. the second). An increase in this ratio signals a widening gap between average and poor households, i.e. higher inequality at the bottom. The top inequality is measured as the ratio between average income in one top decile (e.g. the eighth) and overall average income, and therefore informs about the gap between rich and average households.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
They are thus of a different nature than technical externalities, which are usually implied when the term externality is used. This is due to the fact that pecuniary externalities operate through the price mechanism, which at least in principle implies reciprocity. For instance, the entry of a new, lower-cost power producer into the market will reduce electricity prices and profits for incumbent producers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
These resources provide food security, medicines, materials for shelter, a place for settlement, goods for building economic wealth and collateral (ESCAP 2012). Goods from the land and animals are also used as currency instead of money in parts of the Pacific. Access to land is the key for social protection.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The value of forecasting models does not lie in their ability to “predict” the future - a task that no medium-to-Iong term model could realistically accomplish. Indeed if models based on current trends accurately predicted the future, it could signal a lack of innovation or policy development. As a recent report from the Swedish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs states, “Effective forecasts change the future, which means that they prove - and have to prove - wrong” (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, 2010). Figure 1 presents public expenditure growth forecasts from models in five countries if no policy action is taken.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The paper investigates the connections between philosophy and communication, exploring the philosopher Alain Badiou’s point of view. First of all, an analysis of these connections in Antiquity is developed, understanding philosophy in its beginnings as a discursive regime change, dialectic overcoming rhetoric and poetry. Then, taking Badiou as theoretical reference, contemporary context is considered. This context is comprehended as being paradoxically close to the greek one, both dealing with an interruption of poetic discourse.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Additional measures, such as reduced parking rates, preferential access and financing subsidies, are being studied. The efficiency of the electric system is also expected to be improved, as the vehicles will absorb excess night electricity generation while charging. In the post-2020 phase the development of a vehicle-to-grid system is foreseen, which will also allow vehicles to send electricity to the grid at peak times.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Still, one limitation in producing gender statistics persists. Sex is often used as only one of the breakdown variables for the data presented. As explained in chapter I and shown in chapter II, gender statistics and a meaningful gender analysis commonly require disaggregation by sex and other characteristics at the same time. For example, gender segregation in the labour market is partially determined by the gender gap in education, therefore data on occupations should be further disaggregated by the level of educational attainment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The payment and fees depend on the timber value of excluded stands. Higher rates apply to protective forests, providing an incentive to restrict their deforestation. Moreover, exclusions for housing on less than 0.05 hectare (0.02 hectare for multiple dwelling buildings) are exempt from payment and fees.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This is the relationship between the SCoT and the PLU/ PLUI (intercommunal and communal), and between the previous SDRIF/SAR/PADDUC/SRADDET and the SCoT (regional and intercommunal). Further, the SCoT must be compatible with landscape protection and improvement directives set out in the national Mountain and Coastal laws. Compatibility requirements are less demanding than are conformity requirements in the sense that conforming requires complete consistency, while compatibility allows significant differences, as long as the general intent of the superior plan is preserved.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The pension formula was also made less generous with a reduction of the average accrual rate. Subsequent changes were approved in 2011 and 2012, including an increase in the statutory retirement ages from 65 to 67 for a full pension, a cut in monthly pensions greater than i,000 euros by 5-15 per cent (depending on income) and a reduction of bonuses previously paid to public sector employees (US-SSA 2011, 2012b, 2012C, OECD 2013). Italy accelerated the transition from defined benefit to NDC pensions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It is not only a strong indicator of the health and well-being of children, but also of the entire population. The ICPD Programme of Action set a target in 1994 to reduce the under-five mortality rate below 45 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2015. While considerable progress has been made in reducing child mortality since 1990, some recent data from the World Health Organization have suggested that, of the eight MDGs, goal 4 (reducing child mortality) and goal 5 (improving maternal health) are the two furthest from being achieved by 2015 (World Health Organization, 2012b, United Nations, 2012b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Thus if one considers only new or modern nuclear units, it seems reasonable not to consider additional investment costs for load following capabilities, since they can be considered sunk costs, regardless of the choice of operating mode. Similar reasoning can be applied to fuel elements: the additional requirements for fuel design are already priced into the fuel cost, regardless of the operational mode of the reactor. According to AREVA, EDF and the French regulatory authority, there is today no clear evidence that load following will accelerate the ageing of NPPs, and only a very small number of pieces of equipment could be adversely affected (Pouret and Nuttall, 2007). If load variations are performed within design specifications (in terms of extent and frequency of load modulations) the operational lifetime of the power plant should not be affected.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
So innovators must strike a different, more delicate, balance - accepting the degree of risk required to break through to new solutions while safeguarding the hopes and well-being of children. And so a principled approach to innovation starts with, and is guided by, questions throughout the process - from identifying problems to developing and scaling up solutions to evaluating their impact.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Nonetheless, poverty should still be seen as having two important dimensions, captured by the relative and absolute lines respectively, both of which matter. This can lead to significant differences in the measurement phase for measures other than headcount poverty, such as the poverty gap. Simplicity of calculation and the common use of such poverty lines in a number of countries ensure the international legitimacy of such a line.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
With national data from 18 OECD countries between 1980 and 2007, Thevenon (2013,2015) analyses how aggregate levels of female labour force participation respond to policies that support the work-life balance. The analysis takes in variables on paid leave (public spending and duration), child care serv ices for children under the age of 3 (public spending and enrolment rates), public expenditure on other family benefits, and financial incentives to work (such as tax incentives that encourage both partners in couple families to go out to work). The results reveal, in particular, that expansions in child care service provisions significantly boost women’s labour market participation and exert a greater positive influence on female employment than variations in the weeks of paid leave. Child care provision for the under 3s doubled, on average, betw’eenthe mid-1990s and the late 2000s, producing an estimated 2.5 percentage point increase in the employment rates of 25-to-54 year-old women - a quarter of the total increase between 1995 and 2008.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The new legislation, Compulsory Education for 12 years (4+4+4) (see below), can improve student transitions between educational levels, but if not managed well, it can lead to more segregation among schools and further inequities. Currently, students are academically selected at age 13.5 and sorted into upper secondary schools based on results in a national examination. If the different pathways vary in quality, this can widen achievement gaps and hinder equity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Comparative Criminology: Problems and Prospects Cultural Relativism and Comparative Criminology Sources of Comparative Crime data Issues in Comparative Crime Statistics Crime and Social Control in Saudi Arabia Crime and Social Control in Israel Crime and Social Control in China Crime and Social Control in West Africa Crime and Social Control in South East Asia Crime and Social Control in South Africa Crime and Social Control in the Baltic Republics Transnational Organised Crime Drug Trafficking Crime Against the Environment Human Smuggling and Immigration Corporate Crime White Collar Crime Corruption Human Rights and Crime Control Comparing Police Cultures Understanding Global Trends in Policing: Research Agenda and Methodology The transnational police technocracy in the post 9-11 era Conclusion The Future of Transnational and Comparative Criminology
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Hence, operations in the energy sector may affect the water availability for agriculture and therefore crop yields. Secondly, when the resource becomes scarcer and less accessible it may be overcome by using more of other resources (substitution). For instance, with depletion of conventional oil reserves, oil and gas resources require more water to be processed, which may put pressure on water resources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
For global or other shared assets, such as water resources from a transboundary watershed or a stable climate, taking action that delivers benefits fairly to multiple countries is more challenging. Towards Green Growth: Monitoring Progress: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris. Some low-income countries with considerable endowments of natural resources (particularly mineral resources or even fossil fuels) have economies with growth rates amongst the lowest in the world - a phenomenon known as “the resource curse” (Gylfason, 2004, Collier, 2007). This paradox stems from several factors: the impact of currency appreciation (resulting from the large monetary transactions related to these assets) on the competitiveness of other sectors of the economy, the high volatility of these commodity prices, and social conflict and corruption associated with their exploitation (Collier, 2007).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Solanes, N. and Gonzales-Vellarreal, F. (1999). The Dublin Principles for Water as Reflected in a Comparative Assessment of Institutional and Legal Arrangements for Integrated Water Resources Management. Global Water Partnership and Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. Comfortably, Safely, and Without Shame: Defining Menstrual Hygiene Management as a Public Health Issue, American Journal of Public Health, 105(7), 1302-1311.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)