albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The second, corresponding to use, refers to the consumption of financial services, which is the outcome of both supply and demand (Claessens, 2006). There is widespread recognition of the importance of empowering users to take advantage of the potential benefits of financial inclusion (Garcia and others, 2013, Roa and others, 2014). Equally important, however, are the capabilities of financial sector regulators and supervisors to promote an enabling environment for financial inclusion, and the capacities of financial service providers to identify market needs and design appropriate products (Arnold and Rhyne, 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Climate change will probably exacerbate these disturbances in predicted and unpredicted ways. Fire incidence and severity has been on the rise in recent years, and forest management agencies have had to devote an increasing proportion of their resources to fire suppression. Moreover, while in the past timber production and wildland preservation were major competing management objectives, forest restoration treatments are becoming a central focus, especially in fire prone regions with high levels of forest fuel loading. These and similar issues will continue to challenge managers in the coming years, requiring flexible and innovative approaches and entailing changes in forest composition that will at least partially be beyond management control.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan were especially hard hit (World Bank 2010b). In many countries in the region, inflation rose by almost 20 per cent in 2008. The worst seems to be over. Economies are slowly recovering from the global economic crisis as recent data indicate (IMF 2010a, 2010b). However, labour markets may remain under pressure for a while.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This report focuses on the financing of small to medium scale projects. Four involve Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) and four energy utilities, five schemes target households, 16 involve private financial intermediaries, six public or not-for-profit. Most rely on some form of public financial support.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The contribution of forest sinks is important in countries in developed regions as well as in Latin America and the Caribbean, but less so elsewhere. Agricultural emissions make up a significant share of total AFOLU emissions in all regions, and represent more than half of emissions in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean, where net forest conversion is the major source. Different emission patterns have been recorded at regional level over the last two decades. For example, there has been a sharp reduction in the positive contribution of forest sinks in Southeast, Eastern and Southern Asia, and an opposite trend in Europe.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Diaspora philanthropy, sending donations to the homeland, has evolved with worldwide migration. While scholars have explored diaspora philanthropy in diverse communities, no research focuses on migrant worker communities ineligible for permanent settlement in their host country. This study posits that donations within such communities should be considered to be a component of diaspora philanthropy. Based on a qualitative and quantitative study on the Filipino community in Israel, this research compares transnational and communal philanthropies among migrant workers. Analysis of the targets, mechanisms and amounts of donations, revealed meaningful differences. The transnational philanthropy, mostly proactive and long term, focuses on collective needs in the home country, thus fostering a better and steady future, while strengthening migrant worker links with their homeland. The communal philanthropy, mostly reactive and short term, focuses on migrant workers' immediate individual needs, contributes to their survival and enhances solidarity in the host country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In most countries children remained more likely to be poor than the overall population. Only in Denmark, Finland and Estonia were child poverty rates appreciably lower than the total poverty rates (by around 2ppt). Meanwhile, in Hungary, Luxembourg, Romania and Spain, child poverty rates were at least 8ppt higher than for the population as a whole. Child poverty also tends to exceed pensioner poverty: in seven countries child poverty rates were at least lOppt higher, while in only three were they at least lOppt lower than poverty rates for those aged 65 and over.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In addition, occupational licensing can increase the costs of moving. These are addressed in the next sections. The data for the United States are based on aggregates of counties that are smaller than States. As a result, workers and families hit by adverse shocks from technological change or globalisation arguably face greater difficulties in moving to areas where employment opportunities are better. Empirical evidence points to negative equity leading to lock in and higher homeownership rates being associated with higher unemployment, but these findings are either economically small or contested in other studies (Goodman and Mayer, 2018,291).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The author explores the relationship between modern cities, people with disabilities and social work practices. Disability in cities links closely to the constitution of urban power and the composition of the urban landscape. The central arguments of this chapter are that all cities are disabling cities, that, for people with disabilities, city life is marked by much exclusion and some inclusion, that disability organizations constitute a social movement in pursuit of equality and rights of citizenship, and that the association between social work and disability has been a troubled one, although their relationship is shifting to more one of solidarity over core values, advocacy principles and reform goals. Social work is repositioning itself with a rights-based approach, informed by critical theory, challenging urban practices of ableism and marginalization.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
While these sectors depend on healthy ecosystems for their productive capacity (see e.g. OECD, 2015c, on fisheries and aquaculture), the sectors also exert pressure on biodiversity and are essential to conservation and sustainable use efforts. Large-scale land conversion for agriculture and degradation of ecosystems due to unsuitable agricultural practices and input use is a major pressure on biodiversity loss. In OECD countries, the contribution of agriculture to total income and employment is relatively low,10 however, the sector continues to have a significant environmental impact given the high levels of input use and large land area under cultivation (36%) (OECD, 2016a, 2013a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Introduction Part I. The Spread of Legal Instrumentalism: 1. Non-instrumental views of law 2. Changing society and common law in the nineteenth century 3. Nineteenth century legislation and legal profession 4. Instrumentalism of the legal realists 5. Twentieth century Supreme Court instrumentalism Part II. Contemporary Legal Instrumentalism: 6. Instrumentalism in legal academia in the 1970s 7. Instrumentalism in theories of law 8. Instrumentalism in the legal profession 9. Instrumentalism of cause litigation 10. Instrumentalism and the judiciary 11. Instrumentalism in legislation and administration Part III. Corroding the Rule of Law: 12. Collapse of higher law, deterioration of common good 13. The threat to legality Epilogue.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As the development of active, democratic citizens has become, arguably, the primary purpose of social studies education, the model of instruction in citizenship education varies significantly. Although current models of citizenship education typically foster a sense of societal conformity and law-obeyance to the exclusion of social change, this article illustrates how elementary school students engaged in the critical examination of a pertinent social issue and guided the direction of a social action plan devised to overcome the injustice of bullying. The focus of this article is to illustrate how one fourth-grade teacher harnessed her students’ enthusiasm and interest in activism through an inquiry-based, interdisciplinary social action unit devised to solve elementary school bullying. A detailed, step-by-step narrative of the unit is described.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The project will continue between 2014 and 2019 with overall funding of US$5.5 million. The project aims to ensure sustainable management of forests and landscapes essential for economic development. The project specifically treats sensitive landscapes vulnerable in terms of their current degradation or negative effects of climate change to impacts such as the risk of fire.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Job creation should be seen as the focus of innovation activities in the Galilee. Technology Transfer Offices should be strengthened and organised at an arms length from the university in order to be managed as a quasi market service reporting to the university but independent from it. Incentives for higher education institutions should be strengthened to increase their capacity to act as technology transfer “agents” to bring non-local knowledge to the region and to create community partnerships. Incentives for higher education institutions and their staff to engage in local and regional development should be developed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Are local capacities and knowledge made use of? Are people prepared and ready to react to warnings? Available from httpyAvww.imisdr.oig/2006/ppewAvhats-ew/ basics-ew.htm (accessed 19 May 2015). In Asia and the Pacific, regional trends suggest that such new technologies can significantly strengthen early warning systems but must be combined with people-centred approaches.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Capital was differentiated into agricultural capital (CAPAG) and non-agricultural capital (CAPNAG). The matrices included one kind of land (LAND) and firms or enterprises (ENTR). Households vary by location and poverty status, namely: rural poor households (RURPOOR), rural non-poor households (RURNPOOR), urban poor households (URBPOOR) and urban non-poor households (URBNPOOR).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Pressures on the environment, stemming primarily from consumption (pollution from transportation, waste generation, and land use), are heavy. Luxembourg is also characterised by its international interdependence. First, with its neighbouring countries: its economy is highly integrated with those of Belgium, France and Germany in particular and around 90% of its trade is with Europe.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The intention was to deal with consideration of cross-cutting issues, such as climate change, in a single process rather than using specific stand-alone impact tests. This tool has the potential to reduce administrative burdens from impact assessment and increase consideration of climate change beyond those currently undertaking assessment. As was the case with the Climate Impact Test, it is set to be applied both to new regulations and in cases of substantive revision to existing ones.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Similarly, indigenous peoples were three times as likely as non-indigenous people to live in houses in need of major repair, and over 22 per cent of dwellings in indigenous communities in 5 provinces and 3 territories (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut) were in need of major repair in 2006, compared with an average of 7.0 per cent in non-indigenous communities in Canada. Trans-cultural Psychiatry, 35:191-219. Postcolonial Suicide among Inuit in Arctic Canada".
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
What makes this increment even more commendable is that it occurred against the backdrop of sluggish growth in world markets, even though LDC exports were buoyed by emerging economies’ continued rapid growth. Much will depend on the state of the world economy and on the ability of emerging partners to maintain their growth momentum.7 On the downside, however, except for a few countries that have made serious efforts to diversify their export base, most LDCs’ exports continue to remain highly concentrated. Aggravating this tendency is the shifting pattern of trade in favour of emerging countries, which is accentuating dependence on raw materials and minerals in many - in particular, African - LDCs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
International aid to the Palestinian Authority is conditioned in part on democratization and good governance. However, since Hamas9s victory in the 2006 Palestinian Legislative Council elections and its takeover of the Gaza Strip, aid agencies have supported the international boycott of the Hamas government. This article argues that aid agencies, by operating in Gaza while boycotting its government, subvert their mandates and serve the political interests of donors and the PA rather than the humanitarian and development needs of Gazans. As a consequence, assistance has, inadvertently and unintentionally, increased Gazans9 dependence on humanitarian aid, impeded economic development, and enabled Israel to maintain its occupation and the blockade of Gaza.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Even though these hold schools and school leaders accountable for performance. There is no comprehensive overview of the i various self-evaluation activities, which may involve a wide range of different methods of data collection, 'olves an external review by the municipal district council. The appraisal of school principals can take place at the local level, but is not mandatory.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The report highlighted the high rate of speed involvement in fatal collisions and the fact that speeding is a widespread problem. Furthermore, the level of enforcement was assessed by looking at the number of speeding tickets issued per 1 000 population. Offence detection rates are highest in the Netherlands, Austria and Switzerland where safety cameras are used extensively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
These deficiencies contribute to a vicious cycle of malnutrition, reduced development prospects and poverty, affecting already-disadvantaged groups. Preventing malnutrition would eventually reduce costs incurred for curative healthcare and social welfare needs while potentially making resources available for needed development activities (FAO & International Life Sciences Institute, 1997, WHO, 2018a, Levin, 1986, Strauss, et al, 1986, Horton, et al, 1998). Thus, understanding and addressing malnutrition remain key factors for progressing on the Sustainable Development Goals. They are also part of the SDG monitoring framework.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Similarly, there is also a need to ensure that adequate data exist across both health and social sectors not just at a national level, but at a local level. This will use individuals’ Community Health Index (CHI) number as the basis for linking health and social care data at an individual level, with derived activity and costs, to build an understanding of how people use services and underpin local strategic commissioning plans. The Project also aims to develop a nationally agreed core dataset and definitions, IT solutions to allow access to these data with appropriate infonnation governance safeguards, a reporting tool that will allow easy analysis and presentation of the data, and, bespoke analytical support and assistance with data interpretation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Why would a politician choose to give it priority? Why has UNEP chosen to prepare this Global Waste Management Outlook (GWMO)? This introduction aims to provide a concise overview which answers these and similar questions. Chapter 1 and Chapter 6 in combination provide an extended summary of the GWMO.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
In 2014, the 2014-24 national education plan (Plano Nacionai de Educagao, PNE) was approved, stipulating than no less than 7% of GDP will be allocated to education in 2019 and no less than 10% in 2024. It also prioritises reducing inequality and promotes education access. The specifics of these programmes are described in Box 2.2.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Extractive industries represented 65% of Kazakhstan’s exports and attracted 70% of the inflow of foreign direct investment in 2009 (OECD, 2012). The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently identified indicators suggesting that the country is affected by Dutch disease (the apparent relationship between the increase in the economic development of natural resources and a decline in the manufacturing sector or agriculture) (IMF, 2013). Despite efforts to diversify the economy around transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, petrochemicals and food processing, these continue to be less productive and not very competitive sectors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In other words, the lack of exclusive rights means there is a lack of incentives for fishers to exert the socially optimal amount of fishing effort. The problems arising from these negative externalities are not solved through market channels because there are no property or access rights in many fisheries. For this reason, several management systems seek to assign exclusive rights to fishers in order to internalise the negative externalities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
It also facilitates access to premises (science park). Inside HUB, several professors act as ‘entrepreneurship ambassadors" in their respective faculties and departments and help to create entrepreneurial mindsets. They also act as multipliers, scouts, mentors, while facilitating team building and participating as members in start-up teams.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Algerie Telecom charges the same Internet connection rates countrywide, and access for primary schools is free of charge. The project focuses on the role of the technology industry management system as mediator between the actor and the invention, production and presentation to the gentlemen officials in the Council of Ministers to make laws and decisions necessary for the establishment of this center and procedures. Angola's telecommunication companies together spend some USD 30 million per month forthe rental and use of satellite capacities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The analysis reveals that while gender is well integrated into climate- related activities such as agriculture and water it is poorly addressed in economic infrastructure sectors like energy and transport. This highlights the need to increase attention to gender equality in low carbon development to ensure that women’s opportunities to participate in the green economy are fully captured. It is also in keeping with the emphasis placed in the Paris Agreement on protecting and respecting the human rights of vulnerable segments of the population when taking climate action (see preamble to the Paris Agreement).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Six LDCs namely Cambodia, Gambia, Lesotho, Mali, Nepal and Timor-Leste had more mobile subscriptions than people in 2016 (Figure 2.2, right). The spread of 2G mobile networks has not only enabled voice communications for millions of people living in the LDCs but also triggered applications such as mobile money and agricultural and health text messaging services. Another driver has been competition although the quality varies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
These policy instruments need to be designed and implemented in ways that complement one another to realize their transformative potential. A “high road” to care provision caters for care workers, including domestic workers and migrant care workers, who are usually women. They involve actors with various agendas and interests that may be in tension.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Abstract This article employs the methodology of contextual cultural studies to explore the protest strategies of ‘Lesbians for Liberty’, a group of fans who staged a ‘kiss‐in’ during every time‐out of a nationally televised game between the Women’s National Basketball Association’s (WNBA) New York Liberty and Miami Sol. Designed as a way to challenge homophobia and lesbian invisibility sanctioned by the New York Liberty management, this article suggests the fans’ kissing activism promotes visibility and single‐issue identity politics as strategies for change. While the fans’ actions make lesbian bodies intelligible in a sporting and leisure space that too frequently imagines heteronormativity, a closer analysis reveals the rhetoric of Lesbians for Liberty and the WNBA’s marketing strategies are both complicit with ideologies and shifting processes characteristic of late capitalist profit‐enhancing practices. This article concludes by offering a discussion of queer and feminist writings that attempt to ag...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Of the private schools, two-thirds have less than 100 students, and they are mostly located in the main cities in Nomay (The Directorate for Education and Training, 2012). The capital, Oslo, is both a county and a municipality'. It contains universal welfare schemes, a close cooperation between government, unions and private business organizations and a private sector that functions well.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India and Nepal have been using self-targeted food-for-work programmes. The Bangladesh programme was expanded in early 2008 to respond to disasters and the increased price of food. Other types of conditional programmes include food-for-education. In these cases, countries distribute food through schools to encourage school attendance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In armed conflicts where serious violations of international humanitarian law have occurred on a massive scale, there is often a need to balance the right of victims to retributive justice with the need of the territorial State to deal with past atrocities in such as manner as to not provoke further violence and to advance the process of reconciliation. This article argues that international law does not preclude domestic and international courts according recognition to certain amnesties limited to those considered "least responsible" for the commission of war crimes, when accompanied by other accountability measures and with the objective of facilitating the progression towards a lasting peace.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The majority of countries do not have explicit rules regarding contactability or time to respond to communications from the PES, but a number of countries state that requirements may be individually agreed between PES counsellors and jobseekers and are included in individual action plans. Quantitative Indicators for OECD and EU Countries”, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. A majority of OECD countries state that both occur simultaneously or are part of the same procedure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Some will move for sheer survival, others as part of a family strategy to maximize household incomes. Equally, not all migration arising from environmental change effects will be long term. Natural disasters tend to generate temporary movements if the affected area is still habitable, while slow-onset processes may lead to long-term or permanent migration. In making a case for migration capacity-building in response to future challenges arising from the effects of environmental change, the need for policymakers to be able to justify their priorities is evident in this report.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)