albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
It helps to reduce the direct and opportunity costs of formal learning, by making acquired skills transparent, it improves the efficiency of the labour market, it helps adults with limited formal education to re-enter education and advance their careers, also, it might reward and therefore encourage learning in informal settings (Field et al., The centre has, through pilot projects, developed a recognition of prior learning methodology with the main target group being people with poor formal education. The 12 lifelong learning centres around the country and the two centres for certified trades co-operate in carrying out recognition of prior learning projects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
What had been an ad hoc development project quickly devolved into a scheme for companies in the West to cheaply dump dangerous garbage into ill-equipped and extraordinarily poor rural villages by sending unregulated shipping containers, marked 'donations', as a means to get around national regulations.66,67As a result of this unregulated dumping, Agbogbloshie's soil and water have high concentrations of lead, mercury, thallium, hydrogen cyanide, and PVC. Thus, it is often cheaper to ship outdated and damaged computers to developing countries under the 'donation' label than to recycle the electronics properly. However, as the Agbogbloshie case illustrates, the development of an effective e-waste strategy cannot be complete without appreciating the policy and regulatory governance frameworks that exist at the global, regional and local levels. Efforts must be made to ensure that the enforcement and compliance aspects of these policy and regulatory frameworks complement each other.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
It is only useful to talk about ‘discipline-centric’ and ‘student-centric’ pedagogies for the purpose of clarity about intentions. Teaching is therefore all about combinations. How teachers organise their own time and that of their students has implications for the range of opportunities students have to develop competences, and the depth and breadth of knowledge they acquire.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In 2011, the average number of ESRF patients across countries was 101 per 100 000 population, with widespread variation between countries. Countries such as Singapore and Iceland reported fewer than 70 ESRF patients per 100 000 population, whereas Portugal and the United States reported more than 150. The number of ESRF patients has increased in every country over the 2000 to 2011 period. On average, the number of patients increased by 36% over the 11-year period, but in countries such as Korea the rate nearly doubled over this timeframe.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. It is composed of road safety experts and statisticians from renowned safety research institutes, national road and transport administrations, international organisations, universities, automobile associations, the automobile industry, and others from OECD and non-OECD countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Personality characteristics are linked to the course of mental disorders and to work functioning. This is of importance because such personality traits cannot be directly changed. This holds also true for personality disorders, which can be influenced by psychological interventions, coaching, or training (e.g. training of social skills, or work skills), but cannot be directly treated, or even cured, in clinical practice. The significance of enduring personality characteristics, be it accentuated personality traits which are quite common or real personality disorders, shows that there is a group of people in need of long-term supports in order to achieve vocationally. They found that the association between mental disorder and subsequent work impairment weakens or even disappears once personality characteristics were taken into account.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Box figure 3.1 presents a schematic assessment of the main technologies for utility-scale electricity generation. The contrast with developed countries is still sharper. There, only 60 per cent of generation and capacity are combustible fuel-based, as much faster deployment of nuclear and non-hydro renewables has led to a more diversified generation mix.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Rural hubs revitalisation project has been promoted since 2015 by MAFRA, reorganising predecessor project focusing on infrastructure and property development. In response to the increase in depopulated villages, the new project aims to improve the residents' livelihoods by linking with towns which can function as rural hub and provide neighbouring villages with various services including education, medical, cultural, welfare and business. Public supports are focused on improving basic living infrastructure in general village districts and in contrast larger investment is made in leading districts so that they can function as the business and service hub in the region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
These plans are the primary instrument for planning, managing and co-ordinating local development. They integrate a diagnosis of the socio-economic characteristics, strengths and challenges of the municipality and identify its main development priorities in such aspects as infrastructure, productive development, education and the environment (see Box 2.2). Given their comprehensive approach, PLADECO represent an interesting management tool to promote coherence between urban development, land-use planning and general economic development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Innovative solutions are needed to incite new players to become active in providing training and education in new technologies. Moving in this direction would create a system for transparent and quality-assured TVET qualifications. They determine whether a plug fits into a socket, whether one mobile phone can connect to another, or whether the traffic signs can be understood when driving in another country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This paper discusses three main areas of controversy relating to detention in the context of multinational operations: the relationship between international humanitarian law and human rights law, the principle of legality in the context of relying on United Nations Security Council resolutions as a justification for taking detainees, and the transfer of detainees where there is, for example, a substantial risk of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The paper then considers how the Copenhagen Principles address these issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In 2010, about EUR 56 million was allocated from the state budget to the MoE’s nature department and agencies in charge of nature protection (the Nature Conservancy, the Caves Administration, a 200 and a museum). In 2005-09, annual disbursements for nature and biodiversity from the Environmental Fund amounted to EUR 6.5 million or 2% of total expenditure from the fund. Since 2004, the LIFE programme has provided EUR 1.1 million per year to finance the management and restoration of Natura 2000 sites in Slovakia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
However, the figure is still much higher than those for Europe (5.3 TEU) and North America (2.7 TEU). The South-East Asian subregion has the highest figure in Asia and the Pacific at 35.1 TEU per $1 million of GDP, whereas the North and Central Asian subregion has the smallest figure at 2.1 TEU. All subregions in Asia and the Pacific have experienced solid growth of between 8 and 12 per cent per annum in their air transport passenger numbers, with the exception being the Pacific subregion, which still grew, but by a modest per cent. Within the concept of STI, importance is placed not only on developing and utilizing new technologies, but also on learning to use existing technologies, enhancing local absorption capacity and transferring knowledge to meet the needs of cross sections of society.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The topic of the report is “Enabling the 21st Century Learner”. E-leaming Action Plan for Schools for the Years 2006-2010”. ( It means that we need to reinforce the IT infrastmcture, in order to develop a coherent strategy to make IT educational contents available and to offer ICT training and certification for teachers. (“ This project aims to “generalise ICT skills training and certification” and “to promote the use of ICT in teaching and management” (p. 38).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Patient annual OOP spending is capped to SEK 2 200 (USD 250). Co-payment is increased to 20% for off-patent drugs with cheaper (generic) alternatives. Scotland: no co-payment. The standard benefit in 2014 has a USD 310 deductible and 25% coinsurance up to an initial coverage limit of $2,850 in total drug costs, followed by a coverage gap.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Thorough consultations with communities about programmes that have such profound effects on local livelihoods and lifestyles should be undertaken to ensure deeper community understanding of the consequences. Programmes designed and planned from outside the community may not create local jobs, particularly if the construction contracts arc won by large international companies that are not accountable to the community. Only if there is a conscious effort to consider the needs of local people, such as through skills development in the Suai community housing project, are the expectations of the communities for local jobs likely to be fulfilled.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Increased water security and economic efficiency are necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for improved welfare. Another key dimension is the “social” dimension, including equity. Most people in society will feel their own welfare depends not only on their own individual exposure to water risks but also on the distribution of risks among citizens. When considering which particular instruments should be used to meet a given target for water risk, an assessment should be made of how much each instrument (or each “instrument mix”) is likely to contribute to the goals of water security and economic efficiency (in part, following OECD, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This shows that while the share of climate-related ODA remains relatively stable since the introduction of the climate adaptation marker in 2010, the select key basic social services and infrastructure sectors have changed slightly during that time. Education decreased from 8% of total ODA in 2010 and 2011 to 7% in 2013, while health and water supply and sanitation have increased one percentage point in the same period. There has been a noticeable decline in support to governments and civil society, down from 14% in 2011 to just under 12% in 2014, although it is not possible to connect this to the increase in climate-related ODA.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Several African countries have adopted the Union of Plant Varieties (UPOV) 1978 and 1991 conventions as their sui generis regimes, regardless of their impact on their local contexts. Literature on the point has been particularly vocal on the fact that the UPOV 1991 convention especially does not contain provisions to cater to the needs of farmers in developing countries, and expressly prevents them from saving seeds to sow back in subsequent seasons. Policy choices on these issues will determine the space available for agricultural innovation and needs to be evaluated carefully.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Use of pesticides and chemicals in agriculture is a joint responsibility of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry- and Ministry of Health (chapter 1). Among other tasks, GASI performs inspection and monitoring of water sources and distribution points for drinking water control. For food safety' control, inspection focuses on the entire process, from raw material to the final product.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Participation in education is one of the most effective means of overcoming socio-economic barriers. However, access to education may be limited by a number of factors - poverty, rural settings and a lack of flexible delivery options. Freeing instruction from the constraints of time, place and pace has the potential to provide new learning opportunities for many. Breaking down barriers to accessing education must be thought of as a process of widening participation in education rather than simply widening the audience.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
By 2020, it is expected to cover areas at an altitude from 200m to 600-700m. This area includes the northern half of the Danube Plain, southern Dobrudzha, part of the Upper Valley and the Black Sea coast except for Strandzha Mountain. In 2050, Zone B will reach 600-800 m above sea level and include areas of the Danube Plain, Dobrudzha, Fore Upper Valley, much of the Middle forest Strandja Sofia field. By 2020, it is expected to cover small areas in the southern border region and sub-belt highland forests of beech, fir and spruce.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Technical and vocational education should be strengthened for the benefit of the regional industry and underrepresented groups. Models for linking postgraduate students with the local industry include the Knowledge Transfer Partnership Scheme in the United Kingdom that has improved the competitiveness of the companies through introduction of some form of innovation or new technology and around 75% of postgraduate associates are offered jobs in the companies. The universities and colleges should focus their concerted efforts on challenge-driven innovation on the key issues in the region, such as water, health and social challenges stemming from the multicultural population and use the region as a “laboratory” for research and knowledge transfer.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Note by the UNCTAD secretariat for the multi-year Expert Meeting on Commodities and Development, Geneva, 6-7 April, available at: www.unctad.org/en/docs/cimem2d2_en.pdf. The global economic crisis: Systemic failures and multilateral remedies (UNCTAD/GDS/2009/1). Report by the UNCTAD secretariat Task Force on Systemic Issues and Economic Cooperation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
We will identify and briefly assess key policy choices affecting ICTs and how best to ensure that government policy optimizes the role of ICTs in sustainable development. Government influence also extends to co-regulation, social marketing/advertising, and collective action for non-market production by private individuals. It will show how all of these goals are related.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Mobile-broadband services are offered in only 38 per cent of the LDCs, however, in those countries where the service is offered, handset-based prices more than halved in PPP terms between 2012 and 2015 and currently account for 11 per cent of GNI per capita. Still, mobile-broadband cannot always replace fixed-broadband Internet access, especially in the business sector, and a growing number of applications require higher speeds and better connection quality. Figures on mobile Internet traffic show that the amount of data consumed by each subscription is increasing in most countries for which data are available.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The tests are based on information technology, they are self-scored (local teachers do not mark the tests, but get the results returned) and adaptive, which means they adapt to the individual student's ability during the testing process. Furthermore, teachers have an opportunity to exchange experience. The website also provides students and parents with information about the evaluation, which gives especially the parents an opportunity to understand the aim of the tests and evaluations. Teachers are obliged to write an individual student plan for every student from preschool to grade 10.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
About one quarter of Hebrew-speaking children or one-fifth of the whole population start primary school in the ultra-Orthodox stream. In terms of expenditure per student relative to GDP per capita, Israel is slightly below the OECD average of around 25%. Real expenditure per student is decreasing, by close to 9% between 1995 and 2007.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Divergence between statutory (formal) law and customary and/or religious law can be addressed at the highest level, namely with constitutional protections. The Uganda National Land Policy (Final Draft) also commits to reform customary law, to modify the rules of transmission of land rights under customary land tenure, to guarantee gender equality and equity, and to ensure that the decisions of traditional land management institutions uphold constitutional rights and obligations with regard to gender equality. In this policy, the Government of Uganda specifically commits to protect the rights of access to, inheritance and ownership of land for women and children, and to address the existing gender inequality and ensure that both men and women enjoy equal rights to land before marriage, in marriage, after marriage, and at succession, without discrimination.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It would also rely on national-level reporting, raising significant capacity challenges - particularly in poorer countries - relating to data collection and analysis.133 Furthermore, to be of real value, such a database would need to be freely and widely accessible. An international organization, such as IOM or one of the UN agencies - or, ideally, an inter-agency collaborative effort - might be best placed to initiate such a project.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Although politically attractive in the short-term, across-the-board subsidies come at huge fiscal and economic costs (Ravallion 2009, Grosh et al. They are difficult to reverse and are most often regressive, i.e. they distribute relatively more resources to the non-poor than to the poor. Scaling-up existing cash transfer schemes is easier than installing a programme from scratch. The ability to respond quickly depends on the quality of the existing programmes (Mitra et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The world’s leaders call for massive investment in the developing world, and UNEP insists that this investment be in green development. The International Energy Agency estimates that some $44 trillion - over and above the business-as-usual scenario - will be needed by 2050 to meet even the lowest of the IPCC’s estimates for stabilizing global climate, most of it in the developing world. Indeed, the agreements and contracts signed contain clauses that make a sustainable approach to development well-nigh impossible. We call for one thing in our political declarations, but do a very different thing in reality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The objective of this project was to assist countries in the Asia Pacific region in developing their own masterplans which will eventually provide access to affordable and reliable broadband supported content, services and applications. In essence it aims to address many aspects of the 'digital divide' by utilising wireless broadband technologies. These represent a diverse set of countries in the region in terms of size, demographics, location, and challenges (e.g. low penetration, or converting customers from voice centric services to data services etc.).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This may indicate that personal choice and the availability of (job market or lifestyle) alternatives may play an important role in the decision to apply for VC financing. The ultimate objective would be to lift policy related barriers or discriminatory social norms that discourage women from embarking on risky business strategies. Thorough collection and monitoring of relevant policy settings - including, but not restricted to, public investment schemes -would be a milestone in assessing their effects and cost-effectiveness.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This work should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the authors. Yet, the limitations of GDP per capita in measuring people’s wellbeing - even from a narrow material living standard perspective - are well-known (Stiglitz et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In a survey conducted by the WHO in 2000-11, Suhrcke et al. ( A discussion of patient satisfaction then follows, providing insight into another dimension of quality. The characteristics of good clinical cancer care are well established, and if evidence-based clinical guidelines are followed, an estimated one-third of cases could be cured with timely detection and appropriate treatment (OECD, 2015). As such, the outcomes of cancer treatment can serve as a measure of health systems quality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
According to recent estimates, over 4 billion people are not yet connected to the Internet (ITU, 2013a). The majority of those unconnected people are the main target group for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and are also people for whom ICTs potentially have a great development impact. Communities living in rural and remote areas stand to benefit particularly from greater connectivity to telephones and the Internet, to be able to receive information and services that can improve their economic and social condition.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
To maximise the potential for welfare gains, the three dimensions of sustainable development (social, economic and environmental) should be taken into account based on the understanding of interactions among these dimensions and their complementarities. In this regard energy efficiency policies should be designed and assessed with the broader perspective of achieving the potential of green growth in mind rather than simply reducing energy consumption. They cross areas as disparate as improvements in health to industrial productivity and imply welfare gains across the whole of society.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice is expressed when dealing with judgments as merely an auxiliary source of interpretation of the international law, and not as a formal source. However, with the expansion of the International Tribunals, started strong process of dialogue between international and national courts aiming for its decisions interpreting human rights. Thus, this study aims to verify, through the hypothetical-deductive method and a literature review, if judicial decisions today are still auxiliary or true formal sources of international law of the human rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Finally, it is important that policy instruments adopted across the innovation system are mutually consistent. In this respect, there is a need to adjust the performance-based funding system used at universities in a way that does not discourage industry-science collaboration. These programmes have been Finland’s biggest arena for industry-science collaboration. Budget cuts and the refocusing of much of Tekes’ start-ups and entrepreneurship support have resulted in the disappearance of most of this effort.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)