albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Early on Friday, 19 April 2013, officials at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth learned that one of the Boston Marathon bombing suspects was an enrolled student. That morning, the entire campus was transformed into both a crime scene and a potential target for an act of domestic terrorism. This article examines the campus response to this crisis, based on interviews with campus officials and a review of a task force report produced to review the campus response. This case study speaks to three important issues in the crisis management literature. Having a crisis plan helps (1), but testing of these plans is critical for an effective response (2). Furthermore, the plan must allow for real-time decision making that is both centralized and decentralized (3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In the last stage of the circle of manufacturing consumption, the decline in the price of goods through an amplified technological progress is essential. These effects lead to a further increase in the purchasing power of all consumers, thus boosting the discretionary income even further, which feeds into the start of a new virtuous cycle (DeLong, 2000, Jong, 2015). First, the demand for new goods (variety effect) through affordability and availability grows.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
There is a large literature that reviews the different regulatory models in use globally. While a detailed description of these models is outside the scope of this report, this chapter focuses on describing the main regulatory models for water services. It identifies the establishment of dedicated regulatory bodies as a growing trend among countries and sheds some light on the motivations behind this trend. One recent trend, the development of dedicated regulatory bodies for drinking water and wastewater services (WWS), stands out as a consistent response to some of the challenges to regulating water services (including the fragmentation of roles and responsibilities in the sector and the difficult political economy of tariff setting).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The partial import of the north-american precedents system by the new Code of Civil Procedure brought important consequences in the model of interpretation and application of the rules in the Brazilian legal system. Based on legal and doctrinal examination of the matter in comparative law, this research seeks to present a historical overview of the common law and Roman-Germanic family, examine the precedent system in Brazilian law and criticize the simple import of those tolls, identifying the parameters of the Scandinavian and North American legal realism, as well as the risks of decisionism and judicial arbitrariness .
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Vanuatu also had a better pre-disaster position than Dominica, as it had significantly lower debt levels and had a wider range of disaster-financing instruments at its disposal. On the other hand, Dominica's pre-existing conditions limited its options and fell far short of meeting the total costs of Hurricane Erika, even though those costs have probably been underestimated. Moreover, to Vanuatu's advantage, bilateral and multilateral donors were more responsive to relief and reconstruction efforts than for Dominica, where the government found it more difficult to secure donor grant funding.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This chapter concerns middle-class attitudes towards the urban poor. It considers whether the state of sections of the working classes was felt indicative of an inexorable threat that industrialized modernity posed to the collective health of the nation. It will argue that ulterior concerns, rooted primarily in debates about economic policy and the role of the state in public life, conspired to prevent worries about racial decline from becoming a prominent feature of English cultural life. Rather than a manifestation of a general malaise, forceful declarations about racial decline were instead a contingent outcome of certain national and local struggles, whereby the rhetoric of racial decline could be harnessed in a transitory fashion as a weapon for particular political purposes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The prevalence of conflict among adolescents is very common. At times adolescents use violence to handle conflicts. As such, this problem needs to be addressed. This quasi-experimental study investigated the effectiveness of Peer Conflict Resolution Focused Counseling (PCRC) in promoting peaceful behavior (nonviolence and hostility, conflict resolution strategies, and peaceful friendship) among adolescents. Participants were 80 senior high school students in Mataram, Indonesia. Instruments used were Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) for nonviolence and hostility, Conflict Dynamic Profile (CDP) for conflict resolution strategy, and Human Relation Skill Questionnaire Scale for measuring peaceful friendship. Results showed that the experimental group had significantly higher scores than the control group on peaceful behavior. This implies that counseling, particularly PCRC was effective in promoting peaceful behavior among adolescents.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Sears and Herriot examine the complex interplay between and among religion, citizenship and social justice in education. Beginning with a discussion of the diverse ways individuals and groups understand these concepts, the chapter moves on to consider several key themes including: the idea that religion is a ubiquitous and persistent part of modern societies, the anomaly that religious people, groups, and institutions are sometimes the victims of social injustice and discrimination and sometimes the purveyors of those same things, and the fluid and contested nature of human rights. The chapter concludes by arguing that negotiating the complexities of the intersections between religion, citizenship and social justice requires a high degree of religious literacy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
On balance, they suggest that trade is likely to become increasingly important as a supplement to domestic production in ensuring adequate food availability (and as a source of export earnings and income as will be seen in the following section). The Global Harvest Initiative’s 2012 GAP report compares the growth in projected demand in each region with the growth in projected supply based on a continuation of current growth rates in agricultural total factor productivity. It concludes that, on this business-as-usual scenario, 74% of the growth in total demand can be met by maintaining the current TFP growth rate, leaving a significant gap to be met by imports. In South and South-east Asia, the proportion is 82% and in the Middle East and North Africa it is 83%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
A few households earned income from baking or hair dressing, while only 1% of the 10% earned income through woodwork using electricity. The community benefits cited were the ability to start small businesses (65%), improved security (42%) and better use of schools. The ambition is to achieve a national grid-based supply, and the plan is to complete the full-scale national electrification by 2014.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
They foster the innovation capacity of individuals and firms located in peripheral regions, as well as in disadvantaged neighbourhoods within large urban areas. For example, the Encouraging R&D in Traditional Industries programme in Israel offers both financial support (in the form of giants) and non-financial support (in the form of professional counselling services) to firms in traditional sectors that decide to undertake an R&D project. This is to ensure that firms make the most of the funding provided, and to guide them in the design of a more innovation-focused business strategy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Examples of some of the key specific strategies of sustainable agriculture are: organic farming, low external input sustainable agriculture, integrated pest management, integrated production and conservation tillage. Moreover, increased diversity of food crops available to farmers resulted in more varied diets, and thus improved nutrition. For 20,000 farmers in Tigray, previously one of the most degraded regions of Ethiopia, crop yields of major cereals and pulses have almost doubled through the use of ecological agricultural practices such as composting, water and soil conservation activities, agroforestry and crop diversification (UNCTAD, 2009a). Today, LDCs have lower productivity in agriculture than half a century ago: between 1983 and 2003 agricultural productivity declined in two thirds of the LDCs for which data were available (UNCTAD, 2006).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This chapter has been produced with the financial and substantive assistance of the European Union, as part of the OECD project “Defining, Measuring and Assessing Job quality and its Links to Labour Market Performance and Well Being” [VS/2013/0108 (S12.666737)]. The contents of this chapter are the sole responsibility of the OECD and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. This project is a joint undertaking between the OECD Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs and the OECD Statistics Directorate, and it runs until September 2015. The project also encompasses Chapter 3 of the 2014 Employment Outlook and Chapter 4 of this publication.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In Portugal, mortality amenable to health care interventions has been reduced - by 40% between 2000 and 2014 - and is now below the EU average. However, the rate is higher than in neighbouring countries such as Spain and France. Ischaemic heart diseases accounted for 23% of amenable deaths in 2014. Other important causes of amenable deaths were cerebrovascular diseases (20% of the total) and cancer of the colon and rectum (15% of the total). Timeliness of treatment is greatly aided by effective screening: for breast cancer the screening rate for Portuguese women aged 50-69 is over 80%. There are no permanent inter-sectoral structures or bodies, and decisions in areas such as urban planning or transport are not carried out in partnership with the health sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The President also defines targets for waste recycling and the list of goods that are subject to the extended producer responsibility system. These permits are issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection. This Ministry is specifically responsible for regulating management of waste generated by health-care facilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
As such, these systems decrease climate risks in general and may prevent large yield losses during droughts on land where these systems are installed. Investment in more efficient irrigation systems may otherwise also benefit other sectors in the economy when the “saved”’ water is directed out of the agricultural sector. Or it may be used to increase the lifetime of aquifers. In all of the projected scenarios, improved water efficiency contributes to lower agricultural prices.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This is more than the OECD average (22.6%). The number of elderly fatalities per 100 000 people has been reported at 30.5, and this is more than 3 times compared to the OECD average of 10.0. In literature 65 years or older is often chosen to be the age limit for being an “older citizen”, or “senior citizen” or “old”, or “elderly” (Amann et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
There is also a capacity challenge: not all facilities have sufficient management skills to handle increased delegations, and facilities need to have access to the Treasury’s Basic Accounting System (BAS) to ensure timely information on budget execution. These include quantitative targets for health outputs such as reduced infant and maternal mortality rates, or service outputs such as increased coverage of antiretroviral treatments. Targets are set nationally and then cascaded down by province, with annual performance plans detailing how these health-related targets can be met through various health activities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
For example, only 30 per cent of Cambodia's land has been officially registered, with the remainder under varying degree of state ownership. Therearea number of ways of addressing these issues. The RUPES-ICRAF programme has strengthened land use rights in return for more sustainable land management. No matter what solution is used, it is important to ensure that the prospect of a PES deal does not stimulate "land grabs".
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
All the measures at the national level concerning clusters are implemented by PARP. The OP IE includes measures to support investments and counselling services related to development of co-operative relations and clusters and the establishment and development of business-support networks on a supra-regional scale rendering services related to innovative activities of entrepreneurs. Co-operation between entrepreneurs (including at the start-up stage), as well as between firms and business-support institutions, mainly scientific entities, is intended to create conditions that facilitate development and diffusion of new solutions (technological, product and organisational), know-how exchange and better utilisation of resources. Under the OP EPD, there are additional measures for clusters development covering those situated in eastern Poland.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
They pointed to crop and variety diversification, as well as geographic dispersion, but noted there were limits to geographic dispersion as most production is concentrated in one region (Box 7). For example, a typical dairy farm receives 93% of its agricultural gross revenue from milk. A typical sheep and beef farm receives 86% of gross revenue from sheep and beef returns (of which 59% comes from sheep meat and 41% from beef).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
While some cultural norms and practices empower women and promote women’s human rights, many are also often used to justify violence against women. For example, the phenomena of “date rape” and eating disorders are tied to cultural norms but are not often labeled as cultural phenomena.6 New “harmful practices” are constantly developing, and existing “harmful practices” have altered as a result of globalization and migration. There is therefore no exhaustive list of “harmful practices" against women. Practices such as dowry and bride-price have escalated and altered as a result of rising levels of consumerism in the countries in which they are practiced.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The indicator has an indirect relevance to food waste prevention since the more food waste that is avoided the lower should be the amount of food that is purchased for consumption to provide for the same intake of nutrients. It should be noted that the indicator is only relevant to reducing food waste at the end point of consum p-tion i.e. in households, restaurants canteens etc. However, the indicator can be affected by factors which are unrelated to waste prevention. These can include changes in food consumption behaviour-i.e. However, the indicator has been criticised in the past due to assumptions made in the calculations. Its acceptability as a food waste indicator might also be reduced as it has not been used in this context before.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
In addition, the Albanian government launched a large campaign in 2015 to fight informality. The campaign involved a significant number of stakeholders and resulted in an increase in more than 70 000 new registrations as employees or self-employed. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo have the lowest scores, at 1.5 each. While legal provision and functioning institutions (e.g. labour inspectorates) that address informal employment are in place in both of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s entities, their efforts are rather fragmented and do not address the issues systematically. Similarly, there is no coherent approach for tackling informal employment in Kosovo.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Although programmes of this type are less frequent, some are under way, such as the National In-home Care Programme in Argentina, the In-home Care Programme for Severely Dependent Persons in Chile, the Comprehensive Elderly Care Programme in Cuba, and the home care programme for severely dependent persons within SNIC in Uruguay. There are also training and education programmes for caregivers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay. The Joaquin Gallegos Lara voucher in Ecuador provides US$ 240 per month to the caregiver, and, the voucher and the provision of the Home Care Programme for Severely Dependent Persons in Chile pays US$ 35 per month. In terms of articulation between social care and protection policies, the Tekopora conditional transfer programme in Paraguay, implemented by the Social Action Secretariat (SAS) of the Office of the President of the Republic of Paraguay, in coordination with the National Secretariat for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (SENADIS), includes a cash transfer to families that have a person with severe disability, in order to contribute to their care.20 Another interesting case is the Pregnancy Allowance for Social Protection programme in Argentina.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Africa has achieved the same transformation in almost half the time: 60 years. Africa’s urbanisation is estimated to have gained 5.9 percentage points between 2000 and 2015, second only to Asia, which gained 10.7 percentage points during the same period. In 2015, almost 472 million Africans lived in urban areas (authors’ calculations based on UN DESA, 2014). The size of Africa’s urban population nearly doubled in 20 years from 237 million in 1995 to 472 million in 2015.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In some cases, the initial shock comes from the structures. For example, the emergence of new technological paradigms can rapidly weaken an institutional arrangement that seemed solid. Witness the impact that information and communication technologies (ICTs) had on different markets, from telecommunications to the recording industry, forcing a redefinition of the institutional framework (formal and informal) in which those markets operated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Households in rural areas are deemed not deprived if they have some form of sanitation (including latrines) with removal and disposal of waste neither aboveground nor in rivers or seas. Households are said to be energy poor when they do not consume enough energy to meet their daily requirements and use fuel that is hazardous to the health of their members (Nussbaumer and others, 2011). The resources of households have been linked to the level of toxicity and the efficiency of the fuel that they use, with the worst fuels being waste matter, wood and charcoal, in that order16 (Duflo and others, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Citizens increasingly occupy a central role in the policy rhetoric of British National Security Strategies, and yet the technocratic methods by which risks and threats are assessed and prioritized do not consider the views and experiences of diverse publics. Equally, security studies in both ‘traditional’ and ‘critical’ guises has privileged analysis of elites over the political subject of threat and (in)security. Contributing to the recent ‘vernacular’ and ‘everyday’ turns, this article draws on extensive critical focus-group research carried out in 2012 across six British cities in order to investigate (1) which issues citizens find threatening and how they know, construct and narrate ‘security threats’, and (2) the extent to which citizens are aware of, engage with and/or refuse government efforts to foster vigilance and suspicion in public spaces. Instead of making generalizations about what particular ‘types’ of citizens think, however, we develop a ‘disruptive’ approach inspired by the work of Jacqu...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This finding is also different from the findings of the Canadian research (CIBC, 2005). As we summarised in the previous section, younger, well-educated and single women are more successful in the Canadian case. An overall evaluation of the study show that independent women who start and run businesses on their own had working experience in the fields in which they were interested in starting their businesses, they were educated and knew how to gain more knowledge that could help them develop their businesses. A common characteristic of these independent women is that they are coming from a modern family with a modern attitude toward women, have a high level of education, working experience and other types of human capital that can be counted as a socioeconomic resource for immigrant businesswomen.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Kemadrin is apparently mixed with other substances to produce hallucinogenic effects. It appears that Jordan is used as a transit country as more than 98 per cent of the drug was destined for Iraq. The change of trafficking routes and modi operandi used by traffickers were among the possible reasons for the decrease in seizures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
A LAG owned project does not demand as much time from the fishers and other external participants. The LAG decided to collect them under an umbrella project run by the person responsible for the ESSF. The general goal of the project was to contribute in practice to the development of a profitable and sustainable coastal fishery that does not threaten the marine environment in Oresund.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
However, city akimats usually do not have budget allocations to order district-specific plans (Akimat of Uralsk City, 2015). In many cases, local governments have to attract additional financial resources to implement the plans. The short-term budget provisions diminish the city akimats’ capacity to forecast and be prepared for the long-term development of the city.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
It identifies three principles and related issues, which policy makers might wish to assess the financial dimension of their water policies and to strengthen it. The next section compiles recent developments on the use and the relevance (and limitations) of economic instruments to lower the costs of water management and generate revenues to cover these costs. Finally, a set of related issues are explored, such as governance and the role of the private sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Forest Stewardship Council disassociates from the DLH Group. Forest Stewardship Council suspends Polish national office. Romania passes new forestry code, considers export ban. Available at: http://gtf-info. World wood views at Global Timber Forum summit. Available at: http//gtf-info.com/ news/promoting-wood-products/1986-world-wood-views-at-global-timber-forum-summit Howe, J, Fernholz, K., Malmsheimer, R. and Bowyer, J. 2015.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The portfolio markers are practising teachers with at least five years of experience in the same teaching area and level as the teacher being evaluated. They examine the evidence provided by teachers and assign the performance ratings for the different dimensions evaluated by the portfolio. Portfolio markers receive proper training for their function by the Docentemas team and benefit from a detailed set of assessment rubrics describing the meaning of Unsatisfactory, Basic, Competent and Outstanding performance across the different elements analysed by the portfolio.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This can be considered a valuable achievement of the Doha Round negotiations. According to most influential analytical exercises, plausible Doha proposals (based on 2008 modalities) can add $360 billion in new trade each year (The Economist. Despite sceptics’ scrutiny about the relative magnitude of these potential benefits, the latter should be regarded as quite significant, particularly since they exclude the gains from new policy disciplines, additional bindings by countries, trade facilitation measures and AfT support.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)