albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
It is important to clarify that it is the municipalities with their project leaders who participate in the official programme, but they also invite and choose schools that are then offered places at the conferences and subsequently implement the AfL programme. In some of the municipalities participating in this study, it seems as if some of the schools who are not officially members of the programme believe that they are. One possible explanation for this is that some of the municipalities use strategies for sharing knowledge through conferences for all schools in their municipality. Nevertheless, it is challenging to evaluate the impact of the AfL programme on participating schools through test scores when so many schools were confused about their status/degree of involvement in the project.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Equally, the 2010 Constitution of Kenya provides forthe elimination ofgenderdiscrimination in law, customs and practices related to land and property in land (art. Land tenure systems - ranging from informal to formal - determine who can use what resources for how long and under what conditions. In practice, land tenure may take a variety of forms, such as ownership, rental (public and private) agreements, cooperatives, leasehold or informal settlement-including informal occupation of land. The reality is more nuanced.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In 2014, it instructed 41 government agencies to work on gender mainstreaming from 2015 to 2018 in a concerted effort called the “Gender Mainstreaming in Government Agencies Programme”. If they are to take hold across government, though, and deliver concrete outcomes, they will need resources. There are several tools that Mexico is gradually developing to improve implementation: gender impact assessments and gender-responsive budgeting, as well as the systematic development and use of gender-disaggregated data throughout the policy cycle. To offset any such negative consequences and make smart use of resources, gender impact assessments (GIA) can be a first line of defence. It is one of the core tools at a governments’ disposal to support the implementation of gender mainstreaming- sometimes referred to as gender-based analysis or a gender audit- and regularly used by most OECD member countries (Table 6.1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It also collects information from the Korea Meteorological Administration, the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency and citizens’ tip offs to prevent natural disasters, react quickly to accidents, reorient traffic in case of street protests, etc. All vehicles circulating in the city are tracked in real time (location and speed). The public can access the collected information via smart phone apps, the TOPIS website and digital information boards in stations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In 1999, the State Council approved the "Notification on Accelerating the Reform of Rural Power Systems and Enhancing Rural Power Management" (the State Council Doc. The reform introduced, among other things, a practice whereby rural and urban residents in one province would pay the same price for electricity. In 2002, the State Council's "Circular on Program of Power System Reform" (the State Council Doc. No.5 2002) introduced the practice of "Separation of Power Plants from Grid, and Bidding for Generation", and the State Power Corporation was split into the two power grid companies and five power generation groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Large mammals such as the brown bear, w'olf, and lynx, European bison, moose, wildcat, chamois, golden eagle, eagle owl and black grouse, as well as rare insect species, can be found in the Romanian part of the Carpathians. The Biodiversity Protocol further strengthens the country’s commitments “to enhance the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of biological and landscape diversity of the Carpathians, bringing benefits to present and future generations”. More recently, a Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan was adopted to accompany the Protocol, and two other Carpathian protocols have been adopted which also support the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity: the Protocol on Sustainable Forest Management and the Protocol on Sustainable Tourism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
It was an understanding that pressure on material resources will increase in the future as the global population grows, and that alternative sources of materials are needed to take pressure off scarce resources. Companies also have to take responsibility for their use of natural resources and move towards recycled materials." Recycled materials remain, for the time being, more expensive than virgin resources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
This strategy stresses the need for prevention and early recognition of problems in children and their families and the importance of specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) (HM Government, 2011). For the first time ever this enabled the setting of access and waiting time standards in mental health services. The document Closing the Gap, the new mental health action plan, sets out our priorities for essential change in mental health: 25 areas where people can expect to see and experience the fastest changes. It shows how changes in local service planning and delivery will make a difference, in the next two or three years to the lives of people with mental health problems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Some teaching manuals on ESD were published with the support of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Central Asian Regional Environmental Centre. The Ulugbek National University in Tashkent published a methodological and training guidance on ESD for schoolchildren and teachers. There are curricula on Ecology and Environment Protection, and on Monitoring of natural Disasters. An Ecology course is a mandatory one for all institutions of higher education of the country. Practically all technical universities train environmental engineers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Facebook lists some 2.2 billion monthly active users (MAU) on Facebook for Q1 2018, a 13% increase year-on-year. Some 1.45 billion people on average log onto Facebook daily as Daily Active Users (DAU) for March 2018, matching the growth in MAU with a 13% increase year-on-year. However, DAU and MAU are not measures of data traffic, and use of Facebook varies considerably in different regions of the world. However, there are some indications that inequalities in access to and use of intelligent connectivity may be growing (Viewpoint 2).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
These periods coincide with distinct phases in the population policy and family planning programmes in the Islamic Republic of Iran (see Abbasi-Shavazi, McDonald and Hosseini-Chavoshi, 2009). There was no active family planning programme before 1985 and fertility was high during this period. The onset of fertility decline began in 1985 and was followed by the introduction of the family planning programme in 1989.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It then looks at the evolution of inequality across the groups of countries defined by the four-speed world classification presented in Chapter 1. In many cases, fast growth has been accompanied by increased inequality, further complicating the challenge of poverty reduction. The chapter further looks at efforts to make growth pro-poor and goes on to argue that, measured in relative terms, poverty remains a significant obstacle even in converging countries that have successfully reduced absolute poverty.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The use of criminal law sanctions to buttress social norms requiring civility or courtesy in public speech or action is widespread throughout the common law world. However, such sanctions inevitably limit the way in which some individuals or groups of individuals may wish to express their views on political, social or moral issues. This paper explores how the New Zealand Supreme Court has shifted the law in that country from a ‘pro civility’ approach to a more ‘libertarian’ one. It suggests that, in doing so, the court is driven by an unvoiced view of the underlying nature of contemporary New Zealand society and a concern to bring New Zealand's regulation of expression into line with an approach seen to be prevalent in other properly democratic nations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Accordingly, efficiency gains in supporting functions and administrative processes can be realised on treaty-level, as well as for local government- and company-levels. By deploying "track & trace” functionalities, blockchain can uniquely identify and keep track of movements of physical or virtual goods. The tracing of tangible objects is often achieved by using hardware (e.g. near-field communication “NFC” chips), and intangible objects could be represented by certificates.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Completion rates are usually lower for students with a disadvantaged background (e.g. lower educational status of parents, first-generation immigrants) (OECD, 2017(h) (OECD, 2016(6]). In most countries, repeaters tend to be concentrated in the last two years before graduation, while in some others the distribution over different grades is more even. In a smaller number of countries, repeating grades is restricted by law and school regulations, and the concept of repeating does not even exist, especially at lower educational levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Similarly, the Syrian Arab Republic reuses approximately 100 m3/c/yr of agricultural runoff. However, this practice has progressively increased the salt and pesticide content in downstream river segments. Furthermore, agricultural runoff in the region often contains untreated domestic and industrial effluents.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
With the application of pesticides, a negative correlation will eventually develop between the amount of pesticides used and the availability of skylark food resources. As such, the food availability is considered to be a result of the chemical environment of the skylark breeding site. Nest site quality depends rather on the physical environment of the skylark breeding site. If it is assumed that the nest site quality can be measured in terms of the survival rate of eggs and nestlings and that survival can be expected to increase if the nest is located in suitable vegetation outside the arable fields, then nest site quality will be correlated with the availability of natural habitats in the agricultural landscape.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The congruence of change in the severity of depression and the level of functional disability has also been found by others (e.g. Judd etal., The good news of this research is that disability diminishes when depressive symptoms decrease. On the other hand, disability seems pervasive when depressive symptoms persist. Moreover, the longer the duration of depression, the worse are the functional outcomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Queretaro, Sonora, Colima, Estado de Mexico, Guanajuato, Aguascalientes and Quintana Roo) were more successful at implementing the decentralisation processes, which allowed them to take on a greater share of spending from their own resources (OECD, 2005). These states typically had both higher-than-average per capita incomes and greater financing capacity of their own, and were generally more industrialised with the highest levels of social security coverage. The decentralisation process was re-engaged in the mid-1990s for the remaining states and all states have now been decentralised under the new arrangements.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In Thailand, a long-standing refugee population from Myanmar has no entitlement to state education. More generally, restrictions on refugee employment reinforce poverty, which in turn dampens prospects for education. And difficulty obtaining refugee status leads many to go underground (UNESCO, 2011: 16).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It is still too early to tell whether these policies are working to boost basic skills among this age group, but relative to 2014, there were over 4 000 more passes in English and over 7 500 more passes in maths than in 2015 (BIS, 2016). For adults with low basic skills, free further education in maths and English continues to be available to anyone who has not achieved Level 2 in these subjects. In 2015/16, the government funded 803 800 adult learners to participate in English, maths or English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) course. An evaluation of this policy finds that learners who achieve Level 2 in English and/or maths will earn 11% more than someone who did not succeed in passing the same course (BIS, 2016b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In the case of the United Kingdom Climate Change Levy, climate change agreements with industry were met well ahead of schedule - possibly indicating that the agreements were not sufficiently ambitious. However, research has also indicated that the agreements generated additional emissions savings over and above those expected to result from the Climate Change Levy alone, due to increased awareness of energy efficiency and GHG emissions resulting from the Agreements (Ekins and Etheridge, 2006). Requirements of this nature can be considered a no-regret option, because, apart from administrative costs, they do not put a real burden on companies and indeed support companies in establishing a data information system on energy flows and GHG emissions, increasing transparency. On this basis, it is much easier to identify concrete investment options for improving energy efficiency and the use of renewable energies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
These 14 ministers normally meet at least once a year to discuss national environmental priorities and determine work to be carried out under the auspices of CCME. The council seeks to achieve positive environmental results, focusing on issues that are national in scope and that require collective attention by a number of governments. Through collaborative efforts, CCME working groups develop recommendations for ministers’ consideration. Once approved, these products are available for use by CCME’s member governments in their environmental management role. Around the world, many communities (following models developed through international processes such as Agenda 21) have developed a “sustainable community vision”, which in turn provides guidance to communities on policy making, including preferred water management goals and strategies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
ABSTRACTW. E. B. Du Bois’s work serves as a fruitful avenue to synthesize intersectionality, political economy, and environmental analysis. We propose that the Du Bois nexus provides the basis to examine distinct historical relationships and conditions that shape race, class, gender, and national relations associated with environmental injustice. Through a brief historical case study, we examine the racialized and gendered international division of labor associated with the Peruvian guano trade in the mid-nineteenth century, highlighting the associated environmental injustice and inequalities experienced by Chinese ‘coolies.’ We conclude by highlighting how Du Bois’s scholarship is useful as a bridge between environmental sociology, intersectionality, and race and ethnic studies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In several UNESCWA countries, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan and United Arab Emirates total foreign trade is larger than GDP, indicating their dependence on engaging in international trade patterns. Inland freight transport tends to involve higher volumes in developed and/or large countries, where the dependence on international trade (which is mostly facilitated by maritime and/or air transport) is lower than that of the smaller and/or land and sea-locked countries. In terms of value (imports and exports), maritime transport has been by far the most important transport mode. In September 2010, freight with a worth of €128 billion was transported by sea, €57 billion by air and €43 billion by road.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
While the national government is responsible for structural energy policies to transform the energy mix by creating a market environment in favour of cleaner energy sources, large cities like Hai Phong can contribute to national goals by piloting renewable energy options, promoting greener products and energy efficient buildings, in addition to improving energy efficiency in industry. Many local energy policies can create co-benefits, such as reduced air pollution and improved traffic congestion, which correlate effectively with local actions. To increase the proportion of its energy sourced from sustainable sources, use of biomass electricity is expected to rise from 0.6% in 2020 to 1.1% in 2030 (City of Hai Phong, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
International experience has shown the importance of primary care, with a focus on prevention, to enhance health outcomes a while containing costs. The government plans to expand primary care in rural areas by establishing county level hospitals and local health care facilities (Eggleston, 2012). In China, as in other the BRIICS and developing countries, social-insurance health care systems face the challenge of collecting social security contributions because of large labour market informality and other issues, such as lack of information sharing among funds and scarce use of ITC. The government has launched different initiatives to tackle these problems including the integrated collection of contributions for five social insurance programmes and more advanced use of ITC (ISSA, 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Through this framework, FAO will be able to coordinate the partnerships assembling the foundations (data repositories, information standards, methodologies, tools, expertise, and collaborative data infrastructure) required for the collection and integrated use of data across initiatives and disciplines. The framework will participate in the Open Science20 movement and, as such, is expected to boost capacities to produce indicators inclusive of developing countries for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this context, fisheries policy-making and management should benefit from the experience of the agriculture, biodiversity and environmental communities by reusing their analytical and mapping methodologies. The project will investigate the role of bycatch in food security and livelihoods, and explore alternative income-generation opportunities for those affected by the management action, including women (often involved in processing and selling products from bycatch).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Migration is directed at improving both the living standards of those who remain at home and the lifestyle and income of the migrants. In Tonga ‘there are few opportunities for socio-economic advancement in Tonga and migration is perceived as the only solution (Morton Lee 2004: 135). In Samoa, migration was simply ‘to seek wealth for all’ (Muliaina 2001: 25).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Child/adolescent development studies are also mandatory in around two-thirds of the countries, and development of research skills is required in half of the countries. In 20 countries, new teachers at all levels of education are fully qualified without further requirement. In most countries, staff within the school are responsible for supporting beginning teachers. These are most often offered as specific training programmes in traditional teacher education institutions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The growth pattern of the 2000s, which was relatively successful, is beginning to show fissures and vulnerabilities, and change is needed. Fissures provide opportunities to reshape institutional arrangements and forge new social and political agreements that are compatible with a development pattern founded on both more equality and more sustainability. The success of democratic societies lies in recognizing these challenges and negotiating the establishment of new institutions that adapt to new scenarios or foster the necessary changes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The article looks at two important documents in the context of education policy in Ireland: the Higher Education Authority's Strategic Plan 2008–2010 and the Government's report, Building Ireland's Smart Economy. It demonstrates how the entrepreneurial student is fabricated out of particular truths told about the present and the obligations that flow from this. Utilising governmentality theory, it examines the reconstruction of students’ subjectivities by focusing on three dimensions of government: rationalities, technologies and ethics. It concludes that higher education is framed in economic terms and other important aspects of education such as criticality, solidarity and social engagement are undermined in our race towards economic progress.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Portfolio website, www.gcpf.lu/portfolio.html (accessed 24 October 2016). Project Portfolio website, www.gcpf.lu/portfolio.html (accessed 24 October 2016). Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Programme (ASAP)”, webpage, www.ifad.org/en/topic/asap/tags/climate change/2782790 (accessed 24 October 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
For example, aid targeted to building productive capacities in agriculture and insurance schemes that remove risks can raise the productivity of households that are close to the poverty line. Road rehabilitation can also reduce the monopolistic power of traders in remote areas, thereby raising the incomes of the poor from sales of their agricultural production. However, they also find that aid for trade exhibits diminishing returns. Tadesse et al (2017) find that aid for trade from both bilateral and multilateral donors leads to significant reductions in trade costs for recipients at both the aggregate and sector levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
There were no missing data on this indicator for the 46 small states. Nauru, for instance, did not reduce its level of child mortality of 30 per 1,000 towards its 10 per 1,000 target between 1990 and 2007. In Trinidad and Tobago the child mortality rate increased over the period from 34 to 35 per 1,000.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Platforms such as Amazon, Alibaba and Etsy use the market aggregation function to provide users with an online site of sellers from around the world, offering numerous and varied products. Similarly, Upwork makes the process of evaluating, comparing and hiring easier for employers by bringing a number of professionals together on one platform. Such platforms slash the costs of advertising to a fraction of traditional rates.30 E-marketing is less time-consuming and can be done instantaneously.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The re-emergence of cholera in Pern in 1991 resulted in the loss of USD 500 million in fish and fishery product exports that year. Therefore, for the public authorities and private operators there is an important economic and human dimension to seafood safety. By identifying hazards and where in the production process they take place, it is possible to control the critical points with regard to food safety along the value chain.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
For low-level consumption the higher income group is charged 150 per cent of the price paid by the low-income group. With a sufficiently large consumer base that has enough high-income consumers, the water tariff enables the recovery of costs and the progressive structure supports poor people. The costs are associated with operating, maintaining and extending the water networks and providing basic levels of service.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)