albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Given the increasing influence of religious fundamentalism on politics (e.g. the Christian right in the United States or the Muslim fundamentalism associated with Al Qaeda), the question of how we can conceive of law and order, or society itself, without employing repressive ideals becomes more urgent. We need a way of conceptualizing the origin and process of idealization (which is necessary for meaning, signification and community) without recourse to the absolute moral ideals of ‘Good’ and ‘Evil’. The current rhetoric used by the United States government against terrorism employs these moral ideals as does the rhetoric used by ‘the terrorists’ against the United States.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The monthly issuance in March 2015 comprised 3.9 million certified emission reductions (MCERs), bringing the total issuance to 1,545 MCERs. The voluntary cancellations of CERs in the central registry now total 2.9 MCERs (Fenhann and Antonsen,2015). Israel has the most registered CDM projects in the UNECE region, with 37,followed by Albania (11) and Cyprus and the Republic of Moldova (ten each).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
When workers choose to settle permanently in areas presenting new income opportunities, whether or not they bring their families is essential to the future development of the area, since this will not only have consequences for the social relationships within the family but also for local communities and, on a structural level, for the supply of schools, day care, etc. Against this background, Weyhe stresses the need for taking gender specific assessments into account when planning major business projects. This might contribute to the possibility for recruiting more women to traditional male jobs as a strategy for creating cohesion in local communities by providing employment for both husbands and wives - a necessity when keeping the current housing situation in Greenland in mind, as this renders double housekeeping impossible (Weyhe 2011: 253).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The medium-term challenge for the health care system is to increase available resources to significantly enhance health outcomes. As there are relatively weak mechanisms to regulate quality and prevent unnecessary care, further improving efficiency is also of key importance. Healthy individuals are likely to enjoy longer and more productive lives and invest in their human capital, thus boosting the growth prospects of an economy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
AbstractThe concept of lifelong learning has become ubiquitous in education policy and theory, a development that has not escaped the attention of those working in adult education. For all the debate, little has been said regarding the political and economic forces behind its renewed importance. The paper argues that one of the main reasons for this silence is the uncritical acceptance of globalisation and post-industrial theories of social change. Individually, these theories constitute the end of politics and the end of economics respectively. When combined, they signify a theory of change that neglects the political economy of lifelong learning. This neglect paves the way for an acceptance of lifelong learning policy as a neutral reaction to benign and inevitable technological transformations. A structural theory of power is needed in adult education in order to place policies such as lifelong learning within the context of late capitalism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In recent decades, UNICEF has established surveys and extensive crossnational databases of indicators relating to the well-being of children across the globe (e.g. UNICEF-supported Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) programme). Once compiled by the custodian, SDG indicators are submitted to the global SDG database (managed by the UN Statistics Division) along with interpretation of the data and trends for the annual SDG progress reports. And UNICEF, as an SDG custodian, continues to commit to improving global data for children by supporting national and international partners to meet the data demands of the SDGs. The unique contribution of this paper is that it opens discussion around the SDGs and social progress which is both child-focused and high-income country-focused. The following section introduces the main findings of the paper, including a summary table of the data available for monitoring the position, and the recent development of high-income countries in the SDG challenge. Section 3 addresses conceptual and methodological issues related to developing a framework of indicators for child-focused SDGs in high-income countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
More specifically, membership of ethnic minorities that are discriminated against, lower educational achievement, lack of skills to participate in information- and knowledge-based societies, lack of integration in conventional institutions and social isolation are all correlated with higher levels of perceived exclusion. Thus, the challenge for social policies is to reduce poverty, while stressing social inclusion and belonging. As noted by Mdrquez (2003), while traditional policies aimed overcome given income threshold, they have neglected the links that allow people to achieve stronger citizenship and a greater sense of belonging.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Recent years have seen accelerated processes of decentralization and devolution of social services from central government toward local authorities and from them to non-profit organizations (NPOs). This article describes a case study of the process of transition of power from a local authority to a NPO and the outcomes of this transition on public policy making. The findings presented in the article are based on a qualitative analysis of documents over a period of 7 years (1999–2006) in a large local authority in Israel and its relations with a NPO which provide services for the elderly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Since poor households tend to consume little electricity, they would likely benefit from overall reduced rates, or a “lifeline rate”. Commercial and industrial users could be charged higher rates, while SMEs would need more favourable treatment. Other ways to mobilize resources through tariffs include setting a transparent surcharge applied to higher income, commercial or industrial consumers, and using the proceeds to extend the service to poorer consumers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The work of minors is subject to special supervision and protection by the labour authorities, at both federal and local level. Children over 14 and under 16 years of age must obtain a medical certificate of their aptitude for work and undergo the health checks periodically ordered by labour authorities, even if they have legal authorization to work. The wage must be remunerative and never lower than the minimum amount set by law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This section reviews the existing or foreseen regulatory instruments which contribute to promoting low-carbon electricity and discusses their merits and impacts from the perspective of electricity markets and investment decisions. In this perspective, the long-term credibility of governments to have a high carbon price will be important. But both the last summit dedicated to global climate Page | 26 negotiations and recent carbon market experiences suggest that this is far from being the case.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Second, the risks that turn into damage at this initial, early stage of life have lasting effects on children's potential for well-being and future integration. Therefore, the State's role at this stage is deployed primarily in three ways: (i) direct protection of goods and services for children, (ii) protection of families so they can protect their children, and (iii) regulation of the actions that the adults in the family context can, must and cannot take regarding minors. One such violation occurs at birth and is reflected in mortality indicators.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
To be comprehensive, gender-disaggregated data should be collected about many dimensions of inequality beyond gender, including ethnicity, caste, location, age, poverty, employment status and ability. Such collection requires diverse methods, including censuses, surveys, interviews, community-based monitoring systems, time-use surveys and measures of unpaid work. The regular collection of the gender-disaggregated data necessitates reliable data systems, creating and maintaining effective data collection and management systems, however, remains a challenge for many governments, w'hich still need to improve and expand their data systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It is at this point that we need to discuss the whole question of slums or informal settlements, particularly in the developing world. Images of slums were ubiquitous, as the favelas of Brazil and the huge, unserviced settlements of Nairobi caught the world’s imagination. But as an issue, and a challenge to urban managers, the problem was not by any means new, so we can consider it a persistent issue in the classification of this chapter.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Science parks tended to fall from favour and became a less prominent policy tool, although still maintaining their own networks and policy support community. Parks were oriented towards large firms seeking to establish research facilities near a university environment, in the hope that firms would develop research contracts with universities. In the case of Stanford, the land was owned by the university.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Since the Ebola virus disease was discovered in 1976, the 2014 outbreak has proven to be the most serious and complex. However, those warnings failed to cause a stir at the sixty-seventh World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) held that same year, and an international response was not launched immediately. It was only after August that the outbreak was recognized as a “public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC)” in accordance with International Health Regulations (IHR).1 However, by the time PHEIC was declared, it was already impossible for WHO alone to coordinate countries’ efforts to contain the epidemic. In September 2014, the United Nations Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER) was created with the endorsement of the General Assembly in its resolution 69/1 and the Security Council in its resolution 2177.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It will also require the emergence of the necessary awareness, skills, capabilities and vision to mobilise the private sector, governments, and the society as a whole. While there is some truth to that, under capitalism, periods of severe recession are also when economic distortions and asymmetries between supply and demand are temporarily overcome, when radically new economic structures emerge and breakthrough technologies are adopted. These poles combine measures to overcome the economic/financial crisis with measures to mitigate climate change, and to deal with increasing resource/ material scarcity and the yawning gap between the rich and the poor. In other words, the crisis offers an ideal opportunity to restructure economic incentives and governance systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Also among lands of recreation purpose are lands of suburban green and park zones i.e. lands outside the city limits occupied with forest, woodland parks and other green stands which perform protective and sanitary functions and represent recreation places of the inhabitants (The Land Code of the Russian Federation 2001). Total area of forest lands used for different types of recreation totals more than 560 mln ha or more than 60% of total area of forest fund lands and lands not included in forest Fund. Forest areas on the territoiy of national parks used for different types of recreation make up 39% of total area of parks of federal significance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
For example, in 2013 the Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications (MTT) produced a National Plan for Port Development that identified priority investments in the port sector over a time horizon extending 20 years. In 2014, the MTT also produced a “Master Transport Plan for Santiago in 2025”, which presented a long-term integrated plan for urban transport covering all transport modes, including both public transport (regional trains, subways, tramways and buses) and motorways, urban roads and bicycle lanes. Similarly, in 2010, the MOP (see Box 2.1) published a “Plan Director de Infraestructura”, which looked ahead to 2020, and, applying a methodology called ‘Tranus”, developed a combined transport and land use model which served as the basis for identifying projects in different regions of the country (Consejo de Politicas de Infraestructura, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Figure 6.4 shows that Korea’s ratio of public education expenditure to GDP is higher than the OECD average of about 5% of GDP. Historically, education expenditures have been very stable, at around 16-20% of total government expenditure, with limited variation due to strong government support for national growth. This stability indicates Korea’s strong commitment to education. Most of the remaining government functions show a different trend, which is inconsistent and volatile due to the change of social needs and of policy priorities, along with economic and social development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Abstract This article provides a review of the terms and practices associated with the democratization of cartography, and illustrates their potential to contribute to the environmental justice movement. The Internet has revolutionized how maps are made and communicated. Citizen mapping involves multiple individuals collaborating on the collection and synthesis of spatial data via Web-based software. Google Earth allows users to combine and communicate cartographic information without extensive geospatial training. These developments have freed geography from its stereotype of being a study of place names to a discipline that can engage the public in the collection, analysis, and most important, the comprehension of the power of maps to promote environmental and social justice. We illustrate this potential through a case study in Tallahassee, Florida, where a biomass facility was proposed for a low to moderate income, and minority neighborhood. A permit was granted for the facility without consideration o...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, after the first years the customers of these women entrepreneurs became mostly Swedes. However, as mentioned also by Abbasian and Bildt (2009), there is a risk that society may force the unemployed immigrant woman to start her own business without sufficient support from either her family or the society. There are approximately 1 013 000 self-employed women (7.6% of women in employment) in the United Kingdom and 48% of female entrepreneurs own businesses in the service sector. Today, female entrepreneurs are responsible for one third of all start-up businesses in the United Kingdom (Dhaliwal, 2007). While women’s Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) is 3.6% amongst non-ethnic persons, it is two-and-a-half times higher amongst women from mixed backgrounds (10.2%), Bangladeshis (10.9%), Other Asians (10.3%) and Black Caribbeans (10.5%). According to the report, the most entrepreneurial group is that of “Other Black” at some 29.2% of all women (GEM, 2004).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The household connection subsidy is not specified in the budget forecasts as this is largely a choice to be decided by the municipalities. The household connection subsidy is not specified in the budget forecasts as this is largely a choice to be decided by the municipalities. The standard was expanded to allow the use of SWER directly coupled to 33 kV three-phase systems with neutral earthing compensator (NEC) earthing. Take-off points are very sparse and lines feeding less than 200 kVA are typically about 100 kilometres long (Gendenhuys & McLaren, 2007).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Many of the agricultural practices proposed are relatively low-cost and have both mitigation and adaptation benefits, which increases their cost-effectiveness. It is useful, however, to distinguish between public and private sector financing since they can play complementary roles in mobilizing resources for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Farmers, from small to large, are the biggest investors in agriculture, providing many times what governments provide for rural infrastructure and agricultural research and development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In addition, this would be equitable and have a highly positive effect in respect of creating new economic activities and development. This is a huge sum for the poorest of the developing countries but it is a humble one in comparison with other financial flows. It pales beside the hundreds of billions pledged by many Governments of the countries members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to rescue the financial sector, automotive industry and many other sectors of the economy. In comparison, the cost of bringing 2 billion into the modern energy service system would appear to be a real bargain.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
See Section 3.2 for additional information on the LCOE methodology. For consistency, direct and indirect O&M cost increase was not accounted for. Peak-power plants such as reservoir-hydro, oil- and gas-fuelled thermal plants are regularly exploited in this mode, operating only when electricity prices are sufficiently high.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The document provides for criteria for the issuance of certificates and eco-labels. Applications will be made to the Ministry of Environment and Tourism and w'ill be considered by a commission consisting of representatives of governmental organizations, NGOs and consumer protection organizations. The commission is to be supported by a technical council.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Porto Alegre, Red Latinoamericana Mujeres Transformando la Economia (REMTE)/Marcha Mundial de las Mujeres/Consejo Latinoamericano de Cieneias Sociales (CLACSO)/Agencia Latinoamericana de Information (ALAI). Historia, teoria y politicos, Madrid, La Catarata. Providing and Paying for Long-Term Care, OECD Health Policy Studies, Paris, OECD Publishing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Consequently, it considers cohabiting couples as distinct units of analysis and does not pool their resources. In addition, recent estimates show that food expenditure accounts for around one-sixth of family income, not one-third as assumed in the metric, which suggests that the multiplier should also be adjusted regularly to account for changing consumption patterns. Finally, the Orshansky indicator does not include some components that matter for determining disposable income, such as the value of some in-kind benefits and some expenses regarded as crucial by most families.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The Federal Water Engineering Administration co-ordinates the construction and operation of flood management structures and the designation of hazard zones and flood discharge areas. In many areas, its tasks also include reimbursing losses incurred by people who live in designated flood discharge areas. Its activities are carried out at the Lander level. From the perspective of aligning responsibilities with control, it is helpful that the ministry also has responsibility for some key climate-sensitive sectors: water, forestry, natural hazards and agriculture.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
However, at 6,380 tons, total global opium production was still some 20 per cent lower than the peak in 2014, and close to the average reported in recent years. Based on the “new” conversion ratios, total cocaine production in 2015 was 1,125 tons, representing an overall increase of 25 per cent over the period 2013-2015, and thus a return to its 2008 level. These two types of analysis show slightly different patterns.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The extent to which similar issues and problems exist within the education sector is poorly documented. Throughout the Pacific, nurses, who are relatively poorly paid and of lower status, are usually more likely to migrate than doctors. The lack of formally trained workers has reduced the ability to undertake extensive primary healthcare in both countries, although there is now some movement towards training of nurse practitioners and other community workers that may improve this situation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Except for Brazil, where both men and women seem to face difficulties in exiting NEET status, young women are considerably less likely than men to exit NEET after one year (29% vs. 67% in Mexico and 34% vs. 61% in Argentina), this suggests that NEET status can be a trap for young women. In general, exit rates show it is easier to exit from NEET status when younger. This analysis is limited to urban populations owing to data limitations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Furthermore, for the first time an incident of heroin seized at the Australian border was identified as having originated in South America. Australia reported 3,121 domestic seizures of cocaine in the period 2013/14, a record number, although the total weight of the seizures had decreased by 70 per cent. While the number of seizures at the border had increased every year since 2009/10, in 2013/14 both the weight and number of border seizures of cocaine decreased. The increase in smuggling of small amounts of methamphetamine in 2014 may have occurred in response to increased law enforcement pressure on the diversion of precursors and on clandestine laboratories.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
At the same time, however, ageing populations will also increase the demand for long-term care (OECD, 2011b). In many emerging economies, the fulfilment of family obligations such as caring for aging relatives is a priority for women, regardless of their personal career ambitions. In China, this issue is of particular concern due to the prevailing one-child policy which, amongst other things, means that such care obligations cannot be shared between siblings (Hewlett and Rashid, 2011).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
S is the aquifer and the cross-hatching area under S is a saline lens. Moreover, the saturated thickness of the aquifer underlying well A is also less than that for wells B and C, suggesting that well A will have the lowest well yield (instantaneous application rate of water). In the figure, there are three wells (denoted A, B, and C) that are used to pump groundwater for agricultural production.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
First of all, this means, of course, paying attention to the external as well as internal dimension of energy supply security. In the external dimension, ensuring transparent global markets that enable a mutually beneficial division of labour and the realisation of the comparative advantage of each trading partner is of particular importance. In the internal dimension, the focus must be on creating appropriate market conditions and incentive systems that enable all technologies to deliver their potential contribution to the security of supply, in particular high fixed cost, low-carbon technologies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The higher the index is, the higher the number of reforms that were made is. The employment rate for men is unchanging and always close to 100 (full-employment). On the other hand for women the employment rate is much smaller and seems to vary with the value of labor index. In particular labor reforms seem to affect white collar and service employment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)