albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Furthermore, science committee and fishery resource management committee were newly organized to coordinate joint participation and role assignments to relevant stakeholders. So far, 10 FSRPs have been established and operated, and it is planned to be expanded to 20 species by 2012. The result of pilot projects show that stocks are increasing after the introduction of FSRPs. For instance, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of sandfish in the East Sea has increased from 0.44 in 2005 to 0.78 in 2007.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The growth of transnational environmental harm is not only leading to new obligations between states, it is also recasting democratic accountability for the crossboundary environmental performance of public and private actors. Informed by pragmatist ideas on public discourse, I propose a conceptual schema for understanding the moral geography of these new transnational environmental obligations: they mark out non-territorial spaces of public communication delimited according to moral precepts of harm prevention, inclusiveness and impartiality. I outline how the recognition of transnational affected publics is reconstituting and rescaling environmental accountability within international regimes of harm prevention and liability. The critical geopolitical challenge in institutionalizing non-territorial domains of environmental accountability will be the mapping and empowerment of transnational affected publics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Public sector innovation is rarely institutionalised in government budgets, roles and processes, and there is limited knowledge and awareness of the full range of tools available to policymakers for accelerating innovation (OECD, 2012). They are reaching out to the private sector and citizens, to become partners in solving key social challenges (UNDP, 2016). Recognising this new push for co-design and co-production, the UN Development Programme (UNDP) Global Centre for Public Service Excellence partnered with Social Innovation Camp Asia to explore social innovation as an approach to improve the reach, access and quality of public services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Characteristics of such an environment include the availability of affordable and relevant ICT infrastructure - an area which is still characterized by significant divides. There is also a need to ensure access to adequately trained human resources and a legal and regulatory framework that supports the uptake and productive application of ICTs. A firm-level study covering 56 developing countries found that “ICT is playing an important role in allowing businesses to grow faster and become more productive - this alone suggests that creating an appropriate environment to exploit ICT is important” (World Bank, 2006: 72).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Lowlands of Europe United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Denmaik, Germany, Poland Sedimentary basin region Thick sedimentary plains Medium humid Abundant resources. Major aquifer (Paris Basin), limestone aquifer (Chalk aquifer in UK), sandstone aquifers. Mountains of Central and Southern Europe Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Hungary, Greece.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Businesswomen’s associations exist in almost all MENA countries and provide some form of business support (mentoring, trade fairs, seminars) despite their limited financial, human and technical resources. They provide a wealth of information on the business constraints and support needs of their members, but their policy advocacy role is often limited because they are excluded from national policy dialogue. The WBF is an inter-regional network of government, private sector and civil society representatives which works with governments to improve policies and legislation impacting women’s economic integration. It also works with businesses, NGOs and academia to facilitate an exchange of experiences and good practices for providing concrete support to female entrepreneurs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Avoid punishing short or interrupted labour market histories. Policies for this purpose include making vesting periods required for a pension adequate for the working patterns of women in each country, ensuring that the requirements to access minimum pensions allow for the incorporation of most women. This also involves designing benefit formulas in a way that does not punish time out of work (for instance, regarding how career breaks are filled). In defined contribution systems, this also relates to ensuring that administrative fees in individual accounts do not disadvantage workers with low accumulation or discontinuous contribution patterns.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Historically, this has entailed a sequential process of learning by latecomers in skills, process technology, design technology and new product development (Lee, 2005). A few countries, notably the Republic of Korea and Taiwan Province of China, have achieved rapid economic growth by successfully leapfrogging in the development of a limited number of short-cyde technology sectors such as semiconductors and other electronic goods, skipping certain stages through which leading foreign firms passed in technological development. Typically, such latecomers have begun with assembly of final goods using imported parts, moving on to the development of tow-tech and then progressively higher-tech components, before learning to modify the design of existing products, and ultimately to develop new products (Lee and Lim, 2001).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
These include 60% of vertebrates, over 80% of fungi and most mosses, ferns, horsetail varieties and club mosses. Large groups of flowering plants and insects live in, or are in some way associated with, forest ecosystems. Moreover, the Bialowieza Primeval Forest is the only primeval forest remaining in Europe, and thus its protection is especially important.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
As the analysis below describes, the City of Sydney’s Sustainable Sydney 2030 offers a bold vision of sustainability. A well-designed cluster strategy for the green economy targets a particular green sector (such as renewable energy, green buildings, transportation, waste and recycling) based on a realistic assessment of a city’s competitive advantages84. It builds on existing assets and collaborative dynamics. It draws on data and analysis to identify clusters, inform initiatives and track performance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In fact, female-led firms only receive 7% of venture capital financing according to the recent study by Gompers and Wang (2017(13]). In addition to starting their businesses with significantly lower levels of financial capital than men, women raise significantly lower amounts of incremental debt and equity in years two and three (Coleman and Robb, 2009[i4]). A significant gender gap is also found in the early-stage angel investment market (Becker-Blease and Sohl, 2007(15]).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, this work on asbestos stopped and the objectives dealing with development of standards and regulations, a control system and disease registration were not implemented. The asbestos testing laboratory was established at the National Centre for Public Health but is not functional today. No monitoring of the presence of asbestos fibre is carried out in public buildings such as schools or medical centres. Due to the use of asbestos, additional cases of asbestos-related diseases could be identified in the future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
There is also unequal access to improved sanitation between urban and rural areas in the region: the gap was approximately 30% in 2015. Levels of improvement in terms of access to sanitation differ considerably (WHO/UNICEF, n.d.). Since 2000, the proportion of people in rural areas with access to basic sanitation has increased by 0.8% per year, compared with 0.5% per year in urban areas (UNESCAP, 2017).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Les documents peuvent etre telecharges a partir de: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp ou obtenus via le mel (dev.contact@oecd.org). Fontana and Paciello (2009) show for Kenya that the participation of women in sugar production has entailed a decrease of their body mass index because additional work exceeded the increase in caloric intake. In the same country, most women belonging to tea-producing households have a high level of malnutrition because they have not enough time for their own crops, whereas husbands tend to spend the income from tea for their own consumption.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The decision of the California Supreme Court in Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. v. Superior Court, 1 Cal.5th 783 (2016), is fully consistent with the due process standards recognized by this Court in International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945), as well as with recent doctrinal developments applying and elaborating those standards. The state high court’s substantial connection standard bridges the jurisdictional lacuna between specific and general jurisdiction and operates in a manner that is fully consistent with the federal common law doctrine of pendent personal jurisdiction. We, therefore, urge this Court to affirm the decision of the California Supreme Court.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Data from 2010 on net enrolment rates of ages 5 to Mas a percentage of the population aged 5 to 14. Data from 2010 on net enrolment rates of ages 15 to 19 as a percentage of the population aged 15 to 19. Data from 2010 on net enrolment rates of ages 20 to 29 as a percentage of the population aged 20 to 29. This figure includes includes all 20-29 year olds, including those in employment, etc.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This question needs to be answered if technological change is to be beneficial for SMEs, which create employment for many of the world's poorest and most vulnerable households. In addition, automation has opened the door to new ways of interacting with clients, whether in delivering goods and services or providing customer service. From firms that own and control their resources to those that manage and orchestrate them, technological change has revolutionized production, connectivity and distribution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Of comparable impact is flooding, with the highest water levels in spring. In the area of Lvov and Busk towns in Ukraine, a high level of pollution by ammonium-nitrogen is observed. In the Ukrainian part, in the light of hydrochemical indicators, water quality got somewhat worse in 2009 as compared with 2008, which is consistent with a stable trend of deteriorating water quality as a result of the increase in discharges of non-treated and insufficiently treated urban and industrial wastewaters into the Bug. With the exception of Ambukov, located below the confluence of Hutshva River (where water was in quality category 4, class III, i.e. clean water according to the Ukrainian classification), water quality has been in category 3, class 111, i.e. “relatively clean water”. In the river section in Ukraine close to the border with Belarus, the most commonly occurring quality problems in 2008-2009 were phosphorus, nitrates and metals. Belarus reports that water flowing from upstream has an elevated level of dissolved solids.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Established in 2004-2005, these courses used to be offered by various institutions, including schools, training centres and polytechnics and enlisted more than 12 000 participants in 2014-2015. As of 2015-2016, polytechnics are no longer authorised to offer these courses. Student numbers declined that year to 6 300.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Foreign vessels would be subject to the same, effective system of surveillance as Icelandic vessels to hinder illegal catches and unreported landings. In 2009, a Committee appointed by the Minister of the Environment published a report on reducing GHG emissions (Ministry for the Environment, 2009). According to the report, from a purely technical viewpoint the fishing industry can contribute considerably.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
These are found at the national and regional levels in France and the Netherlands (six regions in Figure 4.7). In France, under the 2006 Loi sur I'Eau et les Milieux Aquatiques, the Prefets can create zones of environmental constraints on which they can impose water restrictions (Barraque et al., In recent years, the Upper Republican Natural Resources District has had an active land retirement program, spending USD 10 million to purchase 3 300 acres (1 300 hectares) of irrigated land in 2011 (in the Rock Creek area) and joining with the Middle and Lower Republican Natural Resources Districts and the Twin Platte Natural Resources District to purchase almost 20 000 acres (8 100 hectares) of land for USD 83 million in 2012 (McCabe, 2013). In both cases, the Natural Resources District is constructing stream augmentation projects that will link wells to nearby streams directly with a pipeline.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The rise in the proportion of single-parent families is associated with an increase in “absolute” child poverty, measured as the proportion of children living below the mid-2000s poverty line. Therefore, maternal employment has played an important in maintaining family living standards despite the growth of relative poverty observed in many countries in the aftermath of the Great Recession. This makes sense since children in low-income households or households where one parents is unable to work are eligible for these benefits. More surprisingly, increases in spending on pensions are also associated with decreases in child poverty.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Create opportunities for rural livelihoods that are as attractive and sustainable as possible (ideally in places of origin of potential migrants) and remedy infrastructural, institutional and policy failures in rural areas (and related secondary cities and rural towns) to reduce the push factors driving rural migration. Develop human capital in rural areas through education and training opportunities, and remove gender-related constraints so that rural residents, regardless of their gender, can take advantage of opportunities available through migration. Manage the effects of climate change on agriculture and rural areas by developing risk-management strategies for agriculture and related sectors, including investments to prevent, mitigate and cope with the negative impacts of extreme weather events.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
An Empirical Analysis of Extreme Events in Germany”, Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne, March 2010, EWI Working Paper, No. Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C., United States. January 2012, report commissioned to Parsons Brinckerhoff by the Department of Energy and Climate Change, January 2012.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The analysis in this paper is based on bilateral ODA and multilateral outflows. Taking the developing country angle makes more sense to assess the amount of resources available to countries towards the attainment of the SDGs. Instead of counting core funding to multilateral agencies, the analysis includes research activities performed by multilateral agencies based on the same criteria as for bilateral donors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The Department of Labour is planning to introduce an electronic system whereby vacancies registered with them by employers are disseminated to all labour offices more rapidly, and this would be a useful step. The UYF was created in January 2001, and reports to the Ministry of Labour while maintaining its own independent status. The UYF functions as a development finance agency and is tasked with promoting entrepreneurship, job creation, skills development and skills transfer among South Africans between the ages of 18 and 35.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Abstract Portugal has often been considered as a case of successful democratic consolidation, and in fact the same ethical standards underpin democratic government and the rule of law – equality, transparency, accountability, impartiality, legality and integrity – as are found in most other mature Western European democracies. However, there is something singular about the Portuguese case that may be of interest to scholars of other southern European countries and the consolidating democracies of Eastern Europe: The coexistence of modern/rational and pre-modern/family-based relations between citizens and the public administration. This means that corruption in Portugal is not only about bribery but also about a series of other practices and conducts – ones in which the exchange of money for decisions is neither clear-cut nor automatic. Drawing on European and national survey data, this paper sets out to demonstrate that beneath the apparently consensual condemnation of corruption at a symbolic level, citi...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In particular, topics like politics (23% women), the economy (14% women) and crime (22% women) feature low proportions of women in the 2015 GMMP. When looking at Danish web news on politics, the proportion of female news subjects was only 10% in the latest GMMP (Jarndrup & Bentsen 2015). Only 33% of the guest politicians in factual programmes were women even though at the time of the study nearly half of all Danish ministers and 40% of the members of the parliament were women (Andreassen 2016: 91).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These are useful to focus attention but the numbers should be treated with some caution due to the large uncertainties involved. Some of the most important land-based sources of larger plastic objects (macroplastics) include: construction, household goods, packaging, coastal tourism, and food and drink packaging. How much of this material enters the ocean will be dependent largely on the extent and effectiveness of wastewater and solid waste collection and management.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The analysis considered averages, drought events would have greater impact. The south and east of England is already water stressed from a combination of low rainfall and high demand. But the wetter west and north could not be relied upon to make up any shortfall: the analysis suggested that these catchments would be most affected by climate change consequences.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
However, the new national health policy (2009) not only transfers females in the case of at risk pregnancy, but also consolidates low-risk pregnancies in clusters at regional hospitals. Between 1953 and 1992 women in Greenland gave birth in their local communities and as late as 2000, it was still uncommon for women to leave their communities to give birth. Females often feel isolated when they have to go to the larger cities, where hospital nurses and doctors do not speak Greenlandic.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Entering new markets is complicated. Companies can also find a wealth of learning content and help from experts on the platform. This allows Swiss businesses to gain the kind of information about markets and countries that is becoming increasingly important in the age of e-commerce,’ says Alberto Silini, Head of Consultancy at Switzerland Global Enterprise.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
These markets shield products from full commercial competition in the initial stages of product development, based on the expectation that some end-users would be willing to pay a higher price for high-quality technologies, and that as a result these technologies will not need to be subsidized. However, as there are few niches today in which cost-insensitive end-users are willing to pay for environmental public goods, this strategy is less appropriate for green technologies. As discussed below, policies aimed at market formation include environmental regulations, minimum production quotas, public procurement policies, subsidies and feed-in tariffs, as well as risk-sharing policies designed to encourage greater private sector investment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It also provided targeted protection to support the emergence of heavy industries, promoting research and development. Alexander Hamilton, the first US treasury secretary, is widely considered the father and inventor of the infant industry argument. Between 1830 and 1945, the United States had some of the highest trade barriers in the world. In the same period it invested heavily in infrastructure (Pacific railways, Midwestern canals and agricultural infrastructure), higher education, and research and development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The results show that the Maradi market has a large influence on markets in Niger and also Burkina Faso. As pointed out by the authors, the inclusion of Nigeria, and in particular the Dawanau market in Kano, would probably have changed these results. Another, problem is related to the different roles individual markets occupy in a market shed which should be accounted for in analyses.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Currently, the most important national policy development related to forestry and forest management is the transfer of ownership, rights to use and responsibilities for the management of what is ultimately planned to be 60 per cent of Albania’s forests and pastures to local communes. In 2009 the forestry lands (high forests, low forests/coppices, shrubs and other areas with forest vegetation) encompassed 1,071,880.2 ha, which accounts for 37.28 per cent of the territory of Albania. The structure of the Albanian forest resources (forest fund), namely its division into different forest types, surface covered and stand volume for the dominant forest species is presented in table 8.1. Areas overgrown by bushes accounted for some 24 per cent of the total forest area and 9.3 per cent of the total timber volume.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The final section provides a summary of the requirements that must be met in order for the goals considered in this chapter to be realized. The objectives to be pursued in building climate resilience alone encompass multiple sectors, thereby increasing the need for substantive coordination and integration of policy interventions. Particularly within the context of climate hazards, resilience requires that instead of focusing on individual risks, the policymaking process take a more integrated approach to management of change and uncertainty (Arup, 2014). While poverty and development status, for example, are obvious determinants of the capacity of people to cope with and adapt to shocks, there is also an underlying connection between vulnerabilities and multiple inequities in access, for example, to assets, land, work and political processes. Addressing these inequities requires simultaneous actions, as they all play a role in determining exposure to climate hazards and the capacity to cope and adapt.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In addition, the country faces severe water scarcity issues, adding to the pressure put on water resources and systems. The Clean Water Act of 2004 requires LGUs and water districts to create septage management programmes in areas w'ithout sew'erage systems. However, most LGUs and water districts have lacked the capacity, technical knowledge, or funds to take action since the passage of the Act.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The analysis that follows aims to present dynamic new information about pressing law of the use of force and peacemaking developments in Africa. It is meant to be more descriptive than analytic. It will discuss, among other things, the evolution of the international law of the use of force by assessing state practice and treaty law developments in Africa since the end of the Cold War.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)