albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Participation can also reduce domestic violence, which is part of wellbeing and relatively frequent in India (Mathur and Slavov, 2013). The 2006 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) reported that one third of women aged 15 and 49 had experienced physical violence and one in ten had been victims of sexual violence in their lifetime (van Klaveren et al. In baseline scale changed compared to Table 7 in Agenor 2015. Policy changes are e.g.an increase in targeted cash benefit from 0.01% to 0.04% of family income etc.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
She concludes that "compromising women's rights is not an option. Therefore, the challenge that confronts us today is to respect and prize our diverse cultures while developing common strategies to resist oppressive practices in the name of culture, and to promote and uphold universal human rights while rejecting encroachments grounded in ethnocentric thinking" (A/HRC/4/34, para. The Special Rapporteur views the universal promotion and protection of human rights, including cultural rights, and respect for cultural diversity as mutually supportive. She recalls the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity and Human Rights Council resolution 10/23 to affirm that respect for cultural rights or cultural diversity may not undermine the universality of human rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
More generally, unemployment insurance programmes allow for smoothing the consumption patterns of job losers, while minimum wage regulations ensure that “fair” wages are paid to unskilled workers. Notably, they need to raise the target group’s awareness of the policy programmes and increasing their involvement (Section 4.1), establish programme selection criteria that allow to effectively reach the target group and support innovation activities (4.2), build the target group’s capabilities to undertake activities promoted by the programme (4.3), and build the expertise of public sector officials and experts deploying the programmes (4.4). Institutional barriers and ensuring adequate evaluation of policy impacts also need addressing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
They are often implemented in a non-transparent manner, with little consultation, and add to the cost of importing. For example, every shipment of fresh food of plant origin must be tested for chemical content in Indonesia before being released, imports of chicken leg quarters from the USA are still banned for halal reasons since trade was halted in 2000, importers of animal products require import approval for shipments, and ports of entry are being reduced in number. This is done to ensure an adequate supply of these products on the domestic market. Exports of coffee, rubber, manioc (to the EU) and bananas and pineapple (to Japan) are controlled to meet international obligations or to maximise returns from the market.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
While 60-80% of people in many developed countries already shop online, the equivalent share in most of the world's countries is below 3%. Current efforts are simply inadequate. They are highly fragmented and of insufficient scale. To raise a country's e-commerce readiness, a number of policy areas need to address holistically the development of affordable ICT infrastructure, logistics and trade facilitation, the legal and regulatory environment, payment solutions, skills development and entrepreneurship financing, as well as the funding of e-commerce innovation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The rural-urban gap in the quantity and quality of teaching staff is particularly large in Albania and Qatar. Only in a few countries, including Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Japan, Mexico, Romania, Serbia and Spain, are urban teachers considerably older and more experienced than rural teachers. Despite the multiple challenges faced by rural teachers that could potentially lead to a higher staff turnover, there is no clear evidence across countries that urban teachers in lower secondary education spend more years teaching in their schools than rural teachers, except in Croatia, Japan, Korea, Romania, Serbia and Spain.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Some higjh-performing countries in PISA 2012, such as Estonia and Finland, also show small variations in student scores, proving that high performance is possible for all students (OECD, 2013a). For students who fail to reach this level of performance in mathematics, reading or science, most can be expected to not continue with education beyond compulsory schooling, and therefore risk facing difficulties using mathematics, reading and science concepts throughout their lives and risk having poorer opportunities in the labour market. Even in the average OECD country, where more than one in five students do not reach Level 2, tackling such low performance is a major challenge that requires addressing barriers posed by factors such as social background.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Beneficiaries received monthly unconditional cash transfers and livelihood support (skills training and business grants). Geographic targeting was considered politically unacceptable, so eligibility criteria included low income, food insecurity, taking care of orphans, and being a female (or child-headed) household. Because the income data was unreliable, this was replaced by a poverty scorecard using 18 indicators.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The country recently finished rehabilitating the Dushanbe-Kyrgyzstan border road, the Dushanbe-Tursunzade-Uzbekistan border road, and the Dushanbe-Kulma-Chinese border road. Numerous other road-rehabilitation projects are ongoing, and others are scheduled for construction by 2020. Most of these roads connect Dushanbe and other cities of Tajikistan with the border crossing points of China, Afghanistan and Central Asian neighbours.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This effort was grounded in the idea that a local supplier base could be established in this area to supply both the Nissan plant in CIV AC and those of VW and Audi in Puebla. It has the road and rail infrastructure needed to distribute the company’s products to other regional markets in the United States. In addition, it is relatively close to the assembly plants of other companies that, altogether, form a strong supplier base in the west and north central regions of Mexico.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
No specific policies for tourism-related mitigation appear to be in place or planned. No specific plan is presented of how to reduce emissions, but meeting international commitments as well as exploring the potential of voluntary carbon offsets are mentioned. More comprehensive information is provided in the National Climate Change Strategy 2007-2012, where all emission sectors are considered in detail.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Film is considered as a visualized and vivid multimodal communication mode, the cross-cultural dissemination of which cannot be separated from its subtitle translation. Based on the Synthetic Theoretical Framework of Multimodal Discourse Analysis (STF of MDA) put forward by Professor Zhang Delu, the paper analyzed the characteristics and effects of subtitle translation in Wolf Totem from four levels, namely culture, context, content and expression, exploring how different modalities coordinated to construct the whole meaning of the film discourse. After detailed analysis on typical examples, it raised a multimodal analysis model of subtitle translation on the basis of Zhang’s theory, so as to provide a new analytical approach for research on subtitle translation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The total certified area grew by 3.8% (16 million ha) between May 2013 and May 2014, which is half the growth that occurred in the previous 12 months. To enable the possible inclusion of certification schemes in REDD+9 (e.g. to ensure sustainable forest management and monitor illegal logging), certification frameworks and incentives that are more effective in other regions may be needed. Graph 2.4.3 shows how the certified forest area of the two major certification schemes is divided among the CIS, Europe and North America.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The global and African craft sector is also generally recognized to be a large employer of women and a sector that encourages female entrepreneurship (Matsinde, 2015). Such employment can provide supplementary income, for example during low farming seasons, and expand in response to demand from tourists. Globally, the tourism sector has up to twice as many female employers than any other sector. Africa follows this trend, with 30.5 per cent female employers compared with 20.8 per cent overall.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Formerly, both lines were updated using the same price deflator, so that the relationship between them stayed constant over time. Year-on-year changes to December. Dividing the total planned reduction in indigence (11.3 percentage points) by the cumulative reduction between 1990 and 2010 (10.2 percentage points) shows that Latin America is 91% of the way towards achieving this. This is more than the elapsed percentage of the time allowed for meeting the goal, which is 80%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The challenge will be to orient the health care system to help people with multiple chronic conditions. Biomedical research on chronic diseases generally focuses on single chronic diseases like diabetes while often ignoring the co-existing conditions a diabetic may have. In fact, people with multiple chronic conditions are often excluded from randomised clinical trials which make it difficult to create an evidence base to guide their care.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Whether and how to do this will very much be determined by the skills and capacities available in firms. It will also depend on signals that firms receive about the reliability of new technologies and their likelihood of standing the test of time. The question arises as to whether the relevant sen/ices will satisfy the needs of exporters, in particular SMEs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The concept of decoupling proposed by UNEP and others (Fischer-Kowalski and others, 2011) suggests that economic growth should be delinked from the increasing consumption of material resources such as construction minerals, fossil fuels and biomass. Jackson (2011) argues for a shift in focus towards prosperity and well-being with reduced or no growth, in which investments in services and care, as well as in green action in the areas of sustainable food production and clean energy, are key. Many gender analysts and activists criticize the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development for having missed a chance to break with the business-as-usual global economic model, which produces environmental destruction, social exploitation and inequalities (Schalatek, 2013, Wichterich, 2012, UnmiiBig, Sachs and Fatheuer, 2012). They see the green economy as a market-based approach that justifies the commodification of resources and commons, which undermines livelihoods and dispossesses local peoples, especially women food producers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In this article, we think about how critical health communication scholars can speak to audiences outside the discipline in order to make an impact on public health and policy, health promotion, and health care delivery. We take into consideration how are we situated in our relationship with transdisciplinary research as well as the challenges and opportunities involved in collaborating with transdisciplinary teams including the ways we can navigate the inherent method/ological tensions in such collaborations. We focus on how the methodological considerations of “critical” health scholarship are situated vis-a-vis the epistemic status quo commitments in the disciplines of our potential allies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
To know the perceptions and actions of nurses in relation to institutional racism in public health. Method: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research, with a sample of nine nurses from a city on the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, analyzed according to the Content Analysis Method. Results: three categories emerged: knowledge about the health of the black population, actions and prevention against institutional racism, Experience in situations of racism, existence of discrimination and inequality in access to health services, Knowledge and opinion on the National Policy of Comprehensive Health of the Black Population and Institutional Racism. Final considerations: nurses perceive institutional racism in a distorted way, with reduced knowledge and provision of actions directed to the health of the black population. However, they emphasize educational means for the prevention and deconstruction of institutional racism in public health.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Entrepreneurial activities are still hampered by constraints which can be gender specific, such as cultural norms or restricted access to finance for women. Although the sources of finance are the same for men and women, women often tend to face higher barriers to access finance. The main reasons for this gender gap are associated with differences in the sector of activity and the age and size of female-owned businesses. However, other possible explanations include lack of managerial experience, women’s weaker credit history, and a smaller business size.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Models designed to estimate the elasticity of poverty reduction must incorporate income inequality as an explanatory variable to prevent changes in income distribution being subsumed into growth elasticity. Similar results were found in Brazil by Barros, Henriques and Mendonga (2001). These authors emphasized that inequality in income distribution was responsible for economic growth being less efficient than it might be for poverty reduction purposes. In other words, the effect of growth on poverty reduction was smaller in Brazil than in other countries with the same income level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Developing ethically informed advice and best practices to guide digital humanities production is one of the most important activities in the field. Ethical justification of intellectual activity is important. It allows research to proceed with a firm moral grounding, in ways that benefit the public, civil society, and the wider scholarly community. Mature intellectual traditions can point to substantive debates that have explored the relationship of their work to state-craft, philosophy, economics, feminism, or racial politics. Digital humanists have interesting, and sometimes difficult, ethical issues to consider but it is only just starting to develop the critical and technical maturity required to contribute to scholarship in sophisticated ways. This is complicated by the need to develop ethical modes of technical production as well as critical awareness.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The main indicators used are listed in the publication cited below, along with the relevant source information. Reconciling resource uses in transboundary basins: assessment of the water-food-energy-ecosystems nexus (United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2015), pp. Some are qualitative and some quantitative, some geospatial and some statistical.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
While efforts are under way to develop common strategies to tackle priority issues such as local air pollution, national environmental authorities are often unaware of the state of environmental management in the ever-growing number of municipalities (from 147 in 1995 to 211 at present). The adoption of the Balanced Regional Development Act in 2000 encouraged better co-operation among Regional Development Agencies (RDAs), Councils of Regions, and associations of municipalities and towns. However, oversight by the national government is still insufficient to ensure that environmental requirements are implemented consistently.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
These savings will be delivered through the implementation of cost-effective measures such as high efficiency motors, variable speed drivers, energy efficient boilers, improved energy management systems and process optimisation. Government is required to review targets set under CCA every 7 years, in order to ensure that targets reflect the full potential for energy efficiency improvements or carbon savings taking into account of any changes in technical or market circumstances. It is estimated that CCAs in pigs, poultry meat, eggs and covered horticulture achieved energy savings of up to 40% have been achieved when compared to their base year energy use in 2000/2001 (DEFRA, 2013a). Some claimed that that the Agreements were effective in focusing managerial attention on energy efficiency, while others have cast serious doubt on their efficacy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
As one of my two contributions to this discussion, I would like to first comment on the state of affairs regarding the development of "um pensamento nacional autentico." Specifically, I would like to address the issue not from the perspective of the Brazilian trying to 'critically assimilate' foreign ideas, and so avoid the transplantation of inappropriate scholarship. Rather, I would like to look at it from the other end of this strained intellectual relationship. Much of my research related to Guerreiro Ramos has confirmed the threat that he raised regarding epistemic colonization, unwittingly exercised by a woefully parochial Anglophone scholarly community. The second topic I would like to discuss is a policy area in which Brazilians, especially in my discipline of public administration, might have something to learn from abroad, raised by Guerreiro Ramos himself in his Patologia social do branco brasileiro.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Data for Hungary, Luxembourg, Portugal and Spain refer to 2009-10 while data for the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, the Netherlands, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales) refer to 2011-12. Data for the private sector in the United Kingdom (Scotland) refer to 2009-10. There is no single authority representing both Hirkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Thrkey recognises the lUrkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Labour regulations focus on conditions of work and pay, and are quite detailed. The rigidity of regulations sometimes restricts the establishment of mutually beneficial labour agreements, resulting in a discrepancy between common practice and the law', thus posing legal risks to companies. It is not uncommon that the interpretation of labour regulations by labour courts is surrounded by uncertainties and some sources highlight the considerable difficulties that Brazilian businesses face in complying with labour laws (The Economist, 2011). Innovative firms are likely to be more dependent on adequate conditions for hiring and dismissing people, complemented by good systems of unemployment insurance and support for job placement, skills improvement and continuous learning.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
According to climate experts, this would result in a surface temperature increase of 4.8°C over the period 2081-2100 as against the average for 1986-2005, a rise in sea levels of almost one metre, the proliferation of extreme climate events (such as droughts, torrential rainfall and stronger hurricanes), together with worsening food insecurity. Measurements at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii went up by more than three parts per million (ppm) in 2015. The spike is due to a combination of human activities and the El Nino weather pattern.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In many countries labour market activity among childless men and women is fairly similar, but large differences tend to emerge once women become mothers and men become fathers (OECD, 2016). While in some countries, like Portugal and the Netherlands, mothers frequently return to paid work after a few months of paid leave (OECD, 2007, Wall and Escobedo, 2013), in many others the share of mothers actually at work rebounds only once children start to enter pre-primary education at around age three or primary school at about age six (OECD, 2016). In many countries, women who experience childbirth are far more likely than those who do not to suffer from a large drop in income from one year to the next (Figure 13.2). Indeed, in the Czech Republic, Iceland, the Netherlands and Sweden, women are approximately twice as likely to experience a year-on-year decrease of 20% or more in their household disposable income when they have a child.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For instance, Armenia now has only five water companies (Yerevan djur, Armvodkanal, Nor Akunk, Lori-vodkanal and Shirak-vodkanal) covering the whole population (see Box 3.2 below on Armenia). This would help achieve economies of scale and remove some resource limitations (including shortage of staff). At the beginning of 2009, almost 60 municipal water supply and sanitation utilities were integrated, and two legal entities were created: Agmosavletis Tskali Ltd (Eastern Water) and Dasavletis Tskali Ltd (Western Water). This integration aimed to improve the technical and financial conditions of utilities and pave the way for future privatisation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It should be noted that this requires the presence of at least one social transfer that performs well. It also requires a political strategy to protect the reforms against protests from those middle and higher income groups that are losing their benefit entitlements. The poorer the local community, the less local funds are available for social transfers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Good governance is basically governing in the right and just ways. Good governance relates to good administration at both public and private sectors. Corporate governance is synonymous and the common usage in the private sector. Common characteristics of good governance include transparency, accountability, participatory and rule of law. Rule of law is the focus of this paper. The principle in itself is problematic because of multifarious interpretation Nonetheless, the consensus has been that rule of law is essential in any government and breach of its principles may lead to arbitrariness and breach of fundamental rights. The paper will expound the roles of rule of law in ensuring good governance and how abuse of power and corruption have undermined rule of law seriously and subsequently affect good governance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Convergence and agglomeration processes changing income disparities across regions might also be accompanied by shifts in inequalities within regions, with important implications on social cohesion. Preliminary results presented in this paper, for a set of eight OECD countries, show' that inequalities within regions are always more important than differences across regions. These results may depend, however, on the number (too few) and sizes (too large) of regions here considered, as other studies on income inequality seem to suggest (Hoshino, 2012, Milanovic, 2013). At the national and supra-national level, the goal of pursuing an economic growth that distributes its benefits more equitably across society has become more prominent (EU2020 Strategy, OECD Inclusive Growth Initiative).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The City Prosperity Index is a composite index based on six dimensions and over 15 subdimensions that are contextually specific and globally comparable. The dimensions are infrastructure development, productivity, quality of life, equity and social inclusion, environmental sustainability, governance, and legislation. The City Prosperity Initiative incorporates new analytical tools based on spatial indicators that facilitate a systematic disaggregation of information along with the key dimensions of urban development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)