albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
One emerging trend in the new media that could have very good potential for enhancing ESD activities is ‘gamification’, which applies game design techniques and approaches to non-game contexts in order to encourage the adoption of certain behaviours. This approach could work well in school greening initiatives, for example, if structures were set up to award points or otherwise reinforce and incentivise waste reduction and resource conservation through student-led monitoring. Related game techniques include the awarding of points for certain activities, badges or certificates for certain accomplishments, as well as levels of achievement. The structure could be established to bring groups together, working co-operatively to implement ESD activities, or to create friendly competition between classrooms or schools. While such an approach runs the risk of trivialising sustainable behaviours, or focusing too much on superficial activity and extrinsic motivators, there could nonetheless be merit in exploring the idea further in relation to whole school ESD approaches. Working with experts outside the government system in the development of sustainability plans and policies may result in quality deliverables, but does little to build internal expertise or institutional capacity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Though not much noticed in the West, a great debate is raging across China today, from the law faculties of its major universities to the Central Party School to the dissident community, over “constitutionalism” and the establishment of rule of law.        In the wake of major corruption scandals, there are great expectations that the new leadership under Xi Jinping will respond to social pressure and pursue political reforms that have stalled over the last decade.        A leading China scholar, Cheng Li, and the now famous blind civil rights advocate Chen Guangcheng, who dramatically escaped house arrest and fled to the US Embassy in Beijing last year, comment on where this debate is headed and what it might—or might not—produce.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The same is true for childcare services and long-term elderly care: the overall effects are small, but provide important support for the groups concerned. Overall income poverty, for instance, hardly drops when childcare services are accounted for, but poverty among young children falls by one quarter and poverty among children enrolled in childcare is more than halved. However, the impact was stronger in countries where the share of services in household income increased significantly (by more than four percentage points), while it weakened in those countries where this share decreased.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Within the Trilateral Park, the harmonization of management, research methodology, as well as ecotour-ism, are among the main objectives. With the aim of developing a long term monitoring strategy, a number of species surveys have been undertaken as part of the Pasvik Programme in all three countries, with a new addition dealing with climate change and airborne pollutants. The Russian Federation has been taking the role of observer and expert since 1991.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Students in rural schools perform 56 score points lower than students in Australian cities or large city schools. The Indigenous population, which represents up to 2.5% of the population, has a strong start in education: 95% of 4-14 year-olds participate in education, although they face low attainment rates, with 20% of Indigenous people 15 and over completing Year 12 or equivalent. Raising their performance and attainment can contribute to raising overall equity and quality of education. This programme will distribute about AUD 1.5 billion to over 1 700 schools in socio-economicaliy disadvantaged communities, with additional funding provided by the states and territories.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
As a result, the number of displaced and evicted people has increased and discontent over poor or unfair compensation for land loss is on the rise (EIU, 2012). Profits from land sales also became a principal source of income for provincial governments, which also function as the legal authorities responsible for the transfer and use of land registration. Land expropriation is a major issue today in Viet Nam and protests over land seizures are becoming more frequent and violent (see Box 1.1). Exclusionary patterns of land ownership clearly make the task of achieving social cohesion more difficult (OECD, 2011).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
There is a risk that gaps could become self-perpetuating and ever more difficult to eradicate. And extreme inequalities in voice and agency can breed economic, social and political instability and conflict. It also stresses the importance of sustaining capabilities and opportunities throughout an individual’s lifecycle and for subsequent generations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In this respect, the agreed benchmarks do not establish a minimum or maximum bound tariff but rather a set of multilaterally agreed reference points that should guide bilateral market access negotiations between acceding LDCs and their trading partners. The LDC group initially proposed an average bound rate of 70 per cent in agriculture and 40 per cent in NAMA, with 55 per cent binding coverage of NAMA lines. The final agreed text is a compromise between the two approaches. It aims to ensure an appropriate balance between predictability of tariff concessions - a key element of the multilateral trading system - and the need to address the specific constraints or difficulties of LDCs and reflect their ‘legitimate development objectives’.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Regular and reliable payments increase confidence and creditworthiness, while reducing pressure on informal insurance mechanisms. Households with more available labour, for example, are in a better position to take advantage of the cash for productive investments, in both the short and longer run. Many social protection programmes target women because research shows that giving women greater control over household spending leads to greater expenditures on food, health, education, children's clothing and nutrition.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Issues, such as fraud and corruption, emanating from lack of transparency and accountability in public administration are receiving considerable attention. Public funds management is an area of concern as public funds are prone to misuse if proper control mechanisms are not in place. A number of suggestions are found in the literature on how to prevent or reduce public funds misuse including curbing corrupt behaviour. However, most of the literature focuses on institutions strengthening their systems and very few explore the role of ICT in preventing and reducing corrupt behaviour. This paper addresses this gap by exploring ways in which ICT could be using to address lack of transparency and accountability in public funds management in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
These indicators can be tailored to suit the specific requirements of each country and reflect the priorities of policymakers. The MPI can be used for a multitude of policy purposes including: targeting of social and economic policies, monitoring their impact and implementation, coordination among different decision makers, assessment of sub-national differences in development, graduation of social protection schemes, and informing socially responsible investments. The MPI can be a particularly useful tool to assess how countries meet the SDGs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The location and accessibility of forests and the availability of recreation facilities are important to forest-based recreation and tourism. Levels of use are an indication of the extent to which forests are valued by society for these uses. This criterion is comparable to FOREST EUROPE Indicator 6.10.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
They also discouraged her parents from authorizing an abortion, stating that it too posed a risk to her life. They insisted that even if Marta Paula died later in the pregnancy, at least the baby might survive. In the end, the delivery happened without incident. As a teenage mother, Marta Paula was expected to go to work to help her younger brother and her mother.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It can be expected therefore that developing countries, and especially LDCs, will slowly catch up with the rest of the world. Fixed-broadband subscriptions are continuously increasing, without a slowdown in growth rates. Furthermore, almost all fixed-broadband subscriptions had download speeds of at least 2 Mbit/s, with a very substantial part having advertised speeds of more than 10 Mbit/s. In LDCs, there is still a significant pocket of subscriptions for the lowest speed tier (>256 kbit/s to <2 Mbit/s), although that proportion is decreasing rapidly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Section 8 concludes the analysis. The demand for food depends on, among other factors, population growth, diet composition and income levels. The supply of agricultural goods is, to a large extent, determined by the biophysical conditions that crops and livestock are exposed to, but also by socio-economic developments and agricultural and (bio)energy policies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Turkmenistan receives the smallest amount of climate-related development finance among the EECCA countries, which is delivered through the Global Environment Facility (for energy and agriculture sectors). Such large-scale projects have affected the compositions of support committed to these countries in 2013 and 2014 (see Figure 2.8 for data by country). Multilateral funds dedicated to climate action are also active in many EECCA countries. These include the Climate Investment Funds (e.g. district heating energy efficiency and renewable energy plants in Ukraine, adaptation programmes for rural areas and energy sector in Tajikistan) and funds operated by the Global Environment Facility (e.g. a variety of capacity building programmes in addition to capital investments).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In 2002, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development prepared a plan for sustainable agricultural development (PSAD). In addition to measures concerning the use of treated wastewater in agriculture and reforms with regard to livestock, it included others concerning the maintenance of open landscape for sustainable grazing. For example, a two-year pilot project under way pays farmers through an auction system to maintain farmland for biodiversity conservation. A similar scheme related to grazing is mainly implemented in areas for which there is no alternative agricultural use.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The age 2 outcomes are determined by a cumulative effect (grey arrows) and the Foundations for Success associated with that stage, which include a foundation effect (light blue arrows) and an effect that is biologically embedded through the sculpting of the brain during critical periods (dark blue arrows). We assume there are no institutional selection effects at this stage. The age 5 outcomes are also determined by cumulative effects, foundation effects and prior biologically embedded effects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In general, universal access to primary care should decrease health inequalities and increase social cohesion, but this would lead to greater health inequalities. For public health centres to be able to scale up into larger practices, they will need the ability to contract private practitioners at higher payment rates and while being allowing doctors to remain independent practitioners. If contract payments are set at a sufficient level, health centres could induce those currently operating their own practice to practice from public health centres by offering the prospect of a stable pipeline of patients (through referrals from screening and other services already delivered at the public health clinic) and sparing sole practitioners from the overhead and administrative costs of maintaining an independent practice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This will require better and more systematic funding of these activities. In order to harmonise Georgia’s environmental legislation with the EU Directives the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection (MENRP) has drafted a new Framework Law on Water Resources Management. The draft law aims to encapsulate all aspects of integrated water resources management. The WFD also includes the systematic use of economic instruments, including water pricing, to recover the cost of water services provided to households, industry, and farmers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
So far, only Australia, Italy and the United Kingdom have invested in such tools, while Japan has started to publish a list of Choosing Wisely® recommendations. Not only do they help deliver better patient-centred care, they can also help ensure that the benefits of clinical guidelines or standards of care are not lost at the point of care. The campaign hinges on changing doctors' behaviours and practices and the public's knowledge and attitudes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Starting with a debate in September 2012 on the incorporation of domestic violence as a distinct offence in Hungary’s new Criminal Code, the issue of gender and proper womanhood has regularly re-surfaced in statements made by ruling coalition MPs in parliamentary debates. Drawing on discourse analysis, this study investigates a selection of these statements in the context of the government’s current policy and public discourse. The paper argues that these discourses outline an essentialist model reflective of a dominant ideology that is traditional, Christian, patriarchal and heteronormative, which, by hinting at women’s accountability for certain social ills, also allows for a chain of associations that ultimately results in the subversion of the overall social status of women, dividing and marginalising them further and discrediting any claims or actions aimed at establishing a more egalitarian society in the country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
A contact for a patient who is admitted as a day-care patient, but then due to a complication is retained, should be re-classified as an inpatient case, where feasible. A day patient (or "same-day patient”) is usually admitted and then discharged after staying between 3 and 8 hours on the same day. Services for non-admitted patients that are extended to formal admission for day-care are considered as day care.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Latency in Nepal, for example, is significantly higher than in Singapore (Table IV-3). Countries that are not increasing their network capacities accordingly risk having them falter during disaster events. It may also be possible to use untapped fibre capacity in existing SCADA systems.39 Such co-location also makes it simpler to repair damaged infrastructure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., et al. ( Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1132 pp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp. An Overview of IMAGE 2.4. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bilthoven.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Comparative advantage is the pertinent economic concept, and virtual water considers only absolute advantage. It is used to assess whether a region or country is consuming resources in a sustainable or unsustainable fashion from a global perspective. However, estimated water footprints are somewhat one-dimensional, as they depict the use of only one resource. In addition, water footprints do not describe the implications of water use.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In Terrorism and the Rule of Law, I argue that a "rule of law" approach to the use of force is not only required by the United Nations Charter framework, but is the strategy most likely to be successful in the long term in protecting the national security of the United States. Specifically, rather than attempting a post-hoc rationalization of what the United States did after September 11, 2001, I suggest that what it could and should have done was to obtain a Security Council Resolution specifically authorizing the Afghan campaign. Such a Resolution would have been, in my view, not only attainable, but desirable. I conclude that the U.S. lost a tremendous opportunity to reinforce norms of international law that could now assist it in its struggle against international terrorism, and suggest that the current unilateralist tendencies of the government are generally destabilizing and potentially injurious to U.S. interests.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Most of the aid to countries in protracted crisis is humanitarian, notably food aid, while much less is development assistance (Afghanistan and Iraq are exceptions). Relatively small amounts of aid flow to agriculture and education, two sectors of particular importance for food security and nutrition. For example, only 3.1 percent of overseas development assistance received by countries in protracted crisis in the period 2005-08 was dedicated to agriculture (FAO and WFP, 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
For example, premiums from agricultural producers, mainly large-scale rubber plantations and dairy operations, make up only 1% of revenue for the state-owned Bao Viet Group (Tran, 2014c). The high risk of natural disasters and epidemics mean that insurance premiums are quite high, out of reach for many farm households. At the same time insurance offers an attractive policy option for dealing with risk and thereby encouraging production. To overcome this dilemma, a three-year pilot insurance programme was introduced in 2011 and provided through two state-owned insurance companies, Bao Viet and Bao Minh.42 The established insurance premium is subsidised by the government on a progressive scale: 100% for poor farming households, 80% for farming households just above the poverty line, 60% for other farming households, and 20% for agricultural production organisations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Women, however, typically start their businesses with less capital and have less access to financing than men, which limits their ability to start and grow their businesses. When informal businesses are added to the mix, the credit gap skyrockets to $1 trillion (Vanderbrug, 2013). They include, but are not limited to, lack of access to collateral, institutional bias, and socio-cultural norms. Each of these factors is discussed below.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For many OECD countries, the share of the PSE made up of most distortionary policies has fallen since 2000 - most notably for the European Union where in 2014 around 68% of its support consisted of decoupled payments compared to around 35% in 2000. However, changes across OECD countries are not uniform, with Iceland, Japan, Korea, Switzerland and Norway maintaining high levels of support. For the European Union, for example, policies are increasingly focused on noncommodity outputs from the sector related to the environment and other objectives such as cultural landscapes, biodiversity and rural development. Of the 18 WTO Members (counting all European Union member countries as one) that had agreed non-zero export subsidy commitments in the Uruguay Round, ten countries have not used export subsidies in all years notified since the beginning of the Doha Round in 2001. Of the remaining, three have reported continued use, and one, the United States, has only made limited use of export subsidies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
If $2 per day (2005 PPP) is used as a benchmark, the number of poor in the Asian and Pacific region decreased from 2.4 billion in 1990 to an estimated 1.6 billion in 2011. About 900 million people living between $1.25 and $2 per day remain critically vulnerable to extreme poverty. At present, estimates show that about 40 per cent of the population of the region lives on less than $2 per day.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The next sub-section discusses the recruitment of principals, their professional development, and the monetary incentives in place to stimulate their work. These include eligibility criteria, that is - a list of minimum requirements that candidates should meet in order to be considered, and selection criteria which allow recruitment panels to make the best choice from a pool of eligible candidates (Pont, Nusche and Moorman, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Environmental injustice is a growing human rights issue as climate change and environmental degradation rapidly increases. As a social justice problem, it is relevant to the social work profession, yet not integrated into our curricula. This study of 373 social work professionals found that environmental justice is a significant practice issue across broad client populations and that professionals felt unprepared to address it. Qualitative and quantitative data revealed high levels of client exposure to environmental hazards with little power to change it. Respondents reported dissatisfaction with their education to help them understand environmental issues. Moreover, they indicated that they would like to see environmental justice integrated into social work education and better-prepared graduates entering the profession. Implications for practice and education are discussed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
These companies employed just under 100 000 workers, representing around 13% of total employment. The number of foreign-owned businesses has grown by 33% between 2008 and 2015, with associated employment increasing by 41% over the same period. In particular there is a higher share of firms operating in the primary sector and utilities (14.6% vs. 5.9%), in the wholesale and retail sector (21.3% vs. 19.9%) and in the education sector (5.6% vs. 3.1%).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Nunavut aims to develop entirely culturally-responsive and locally-relevant curriculum, programs, materials and assessments that also ensure their students have access to post-secondary and university entrance requirements (Nunavut Department of Education, 2007). For example, the former grade 12 standardized social studies examination has been replaced by a project-based assessment model developed in Nunavut to facilitate student assessment that combines local topics, cultural content as well as 21st century skills. The concept of Sami education differs throughout the area. On the Norwegian side there are two national curricula for the basic education 1-13, the Norwegian and the Sami. The Sami school concept for grades 1-10 reflects groups, classes or schools which are municipally owned and which follow the Sami National Curriculum, several specialized Sami schools, and for the upper secondary level two state operated schools. Also, all students are required to learn about Sami themes according to syllabi grades 1-13.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Since the pooled regressions take into account both these elements but the cross-sectional dimension dominates the regressions are more likely to be capturing the long run equilibrium effects. This distinction between long run equilibrium effects and short-run effects is derived from Bartelsman et al. ( In contrast, within country changes are likely to be more representative of the short-term adjustments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)