albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
It is precisely this willingness to look beyond the conventional drivers of growth, integrating action to tackle climate change and increase environmental sustainability with future economic growth models, which represents an enormous opportunity to deliver “Greener Growth” at a local, national and global level. However, it is also true, and perhaps more likely, that existing jobs will evolve into “greener” jobs as the requirements of the economy (and jobs) adapt, driven by changing consumer demand, government regulation and technological and market innovations. Irrespective of the definition, it is almost certain that many existing jobs and workplaces will begin to adapt to incorporate sustainability practices in the workplace, and that the skills the economy needs will change too, as green growth becomes the goal of governments, businesses and communities and environmental sustainability is incorporated into everyday life. There is no standard or agreed definition of “quality work”.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This should be done in a manner that does not undermine local structures and processes, but ensures coherence with the national system. Some checks and balances may be required regarding local mechanisms to ensure a degree of due process or to protect against certain types of discrimination. In turn, mechanisms may be needed to ensure locally achieved resolutions are then protected within the broader national system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The IV procedure allows purification of the health variable from its correlation with the error term e_it, that is, from its sources of endogeneity. However, finding a strong and valid instrument is often difficult, at best. For instance, looking at the relationship between obesity and wages, Cawley (2004) used sibling’s weight as an instrument for individual weight.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The Department of Education established a strategic medium-term Action Plan (2009-12) for the Institutionalisation of Gender Equality in the Education System. The plan falls under the framework of the National Strategy for Gender Equality through the Integration of Gender Objectives in Public Policies and Development Programmes, which was adopted by the government in May 2006, as well as the NAJAH Emergency Plan (2007), which aimed to give new impetus to educational reform. It also aims to ensure that the state secretariat in charge of education has the adequate institutional capacity to mainstream gender in the educational system in terms of the design, budgeting, delivering, monitoring and evaluation of educational services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In its decision in Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) v Vavilov the Supreme Court of Canada fundamentally altered Canadian administrative law.     For the most part, the Court’s analysis was comprehensible and comprehensive.     But on a number of key issues, the implications of Vavilov are obscure. In order of importance, these unresolved issues are: how does Vavilov apply to internal statutory appeals, what framework governs procedural fairness in administrative law, is arbitration subject to administrative law principles, are administrative decisions touching the Charter of Rights and Freedoms still to be reviewed deferentially, and what are the constitutional foundations of Vavilovian judicial review?     In my Hugh Ketcheson QC Memorial Lecture, I will explain the importance of these issues and lay out answers and solutions which are faithful to the Vavilov framework.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
They further lay out the rights and duties of contractual users of wild plant and animal resources. Liabilities for infringements are also set out. In addition, the conservation of fauna and flora, including in the context of construction and infrastructure projects, is regulated. Conservation measures include in situ and ex situ conservation methods. Species on the Red List are exempt from use (apart from tightly controlled exceptions).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
These searchable on-line databases and their annual reporting summaries are valuable tools for federal and state science managers and scientists. In addition, CRIS has been a critical resource for retrospective assessments of the economic impacts of agricultural research. Using data that measure research resource flows to specific subject areas and specific geographic areas, and linking them to subsequent changes in farm productivity, economists have been able to conduct cost-benefit analysis of public investments in agricultural research. A summary of the findings from these studies is given in Chapter 7.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This article considers the relationship of international law and the media through the prism of human rights. In the first section the international regulation of the media is examined and visions of good, bad, and new media emerge. In the second section, the enquiry is reversed and the article explores the ways in which the media is shaping international legal forms and processes in the field of human rights. This is termed the ‘mediatization of international law’. Yet despite hopes for new media and the Internet to transform international law, the theoretical work of Jodi Dean warns of the danger to democracy of commodification through the spread of ‘communicative capitalism’.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Given that so many college students take Introduction to Sociology or Social Problems or both, we wondered about the amount of content overlap in these courses. We designed a study that used content analysis of syllabi from these courses in order to measure the amount of convergence between the two classes. In our sample, nearly 70 percent of the content was similar. More worrisome, some significant concepts, such as research methods and symbolic interactionism, were barely mentioned in either course. Given the new political economy of general education and more specifically higher education, we raise questions about the implications of such course content convergence and encourage the discipline to begin to address these issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Since almost everyone gains from faster growth, but some may lose out from equity-promoting growth, causing political tensions and loss of economic efficiency, it is difficult to reject the appeal of the absolute definition of PPG and its associated policies. These developments have helped the PPG debate to converge around the terms of a presumed trade-off between equity (benefiting the poor relative to the rich) and growth (benefiting everyone). As McKinley (2009, pp.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This article examines the early years of democratization in the small Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan. Once a reclusive country, Bhutan embarked on a gradual path of socioeconomic modernization and opening up to the rest of the world. A most significant step on that path was the decision to democratize. The first national democratic elections were held in 2007–2008. In 2013, the second national elections took place and marked an appropriate moment to assess the progress of democratization in Bhutan. This article not only analyzes the electoral experience but also evaluates what has occurred in other areas of democratization including the rule of law, accountability of government, civil society, and freedom of expression. The article concludes that Bhutan has made good progress in democratization on many fronts but that its trajectory is unique, reflecting the particular context of Bhutan and the overriding concern with stability in political and social life.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Remote sensing and GIS could be valuable tools but their application to inland fisheries and aquaculture is lagging far behind that in other sectors. Such data deficiencies can result in mistaken policies. For example, the SmartFish project12 pointed out that some African countries' food security and nutrition policies overlooked fish despite its importance in people's diets as evidenced through dedicated surveys. Moreover, the contribution of women is poorly assessed and, thus, gender-aware policies cannot be adequately formulated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Nevertheless, Mexican women continue to face gender stereotyping, discrimination, and very high rates of violence. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Yet the share of Mexican women in the workforce remains among the lowest in the OECD, the gender gap in labour force participation is very high, and Mexican women tend to have lower-quality jobs than their male counterparts. The challenges common to the development process hit w'omen particularly hard: female workers are much more likely than male workers to hold informal jobs, and many women live in poverty. This includes a bird’s-eye view of gender gaps in education, the labour market and political life, and discusses how' attitudes and stereotypes -while evolving- still impede women’s opportunities and empowerment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
A long and healthy life for all South Africans. All people in South Africa are and feel safe. Decent employment through inclusive economic growth. A skilled and capable workforce to support an inclusive growth path. An efficient, competitive and responsive economic infrastructure network. Vibrant, equitable and sustainable rural communities with food security for all.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In spite of increasing women migrants, proper social programs based on human rights are hardly found. In this paper, with the implication of 'diaspora', the essential term of multi-culturalism from the perspective of migrant women is briefly discussed. Also, social programs for migrant women are suggested through looking into the experiences of EU. EU policies and social programs are reorganized through data analysis and policy contents analysis. EU has longer history of immigration, and has provided the proper and long-term programs to accept migrant women as the qualified social member. EU social programs are based on the principles of non-discrimination, full employment, human rights and citizenship. Social programs should imply long-term inclusive policy for migrants, and help migrants to experience empowerment in the society. By looking into some examples of social programs of employment, education and general knowledge, useful social programs are to be suggested.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Some information on the requirements for monitoring control and surveillance included in management decisions adopted is also provided in Box 13. The OM is conditioned on data and generates new data when projected forward. The OM is often more complex than the assessment model, and there may or should be more than one OM to account for different versions of reality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Further strengthening the leadership team in schools, including their mandate and skills, is necessary to ensure that all schools have leaders capable of steering change. Pursuing the reform of school supervision will also be important to signal clearly that what is expected from school leaders is to improve their schools, and that supervision is an ally rather than an obstacle in this regard. Single-teacher schools are likely to struggle to make these changes, and a specific policy is needed to improve schooling in rural areas. The responsibilities of Costa Rican principals are far-ranging.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The dichotomy between small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) and large corporations, with their corresponding effects on job creation, will continue, but its modalities will change in directions which the region's countries would do well to monitor. The most advanced countries have been proactively promoting this type of manufacturing, which has often translated into a resurgence of industrial policymaking and a return to more advanced manufacturing activities in former production hubs. The current thinking on this topic as well as the actions taken in these and other countries compel Latin America to address the issue in all its technological and public policy dimensions. The productivity gap, limited research and development in technology and weak industrial policies in most of the region's countries are problems that must be tackled concomitantly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The use of renewable energy sources has increased steadily to reach 41% of total primary energy supply (TPES) in 2012 (Figure 1.5). Renewables account for 83% of electricity generation, far above the OECD average of 21% (IEA, 2014a). Iceland and Norway are the only OECD countries that source more power from renewables (Annex l.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Average market incomes of the bottom 20% in Portugal also nearly doubled over the period, but high-income earners there did even better. The World Value Survey is one useful source. It contains a number of questions on attitudes towards inequality, which are formulated in a consistent way across a number of countries and years (see www.worldvaluessui-vey.org). Figure 2 shows changes over time in respondents’ answers to one such question (they were asked to locate their response on a scale with the two end points “Incomes should be made more equal” and “We need larger income differences as incentives”). While this interview-based indicator is not an ideal measure of redistribution preferences, the figure suggests that only in a few countries did preferences remain relatively unchanged since the late 1980s.10 Both the direction and the extent of attitudinal changes vary markedly across countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The first such zone opened in Malaysia in 2017, to facilitate e-commerce trade between that country and China. Logistics firms are also trying to make cross-border shipments more efficient. Another approach that has been taken by the largest companies is to set up what they call "fulfilment centres". Making use of big data analytics, they can anticipate demand for particular products, export them in the traditional way, import them and keep them in warehouses of the importing country. This way, they can very quickly ship products directly to consumers. One recent variation of this model is keeping the products in free zones and importing the small shipments after each order.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In particular the 25lh (25.7), the median (28.67), and the 75lh (31.7). Years of schooling: A summary measure of the above mentioned changes in the level of formal education is given by the count of years of schooling (YS). The remaining columns correspond to alternative specifications of the control set X, which are detailed in the table note.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Public concessionaires with softer budget constraints are usually allowed to show losses, thus reducing the need to cross-subsidise (Zerriffi, 2007). However, as the current rural electrification strategy could well lead to rapidly rising electricity tariffs, the tariff impact of LpT was limited to 8%, which in turn strongly affected the concessionaires’ ability to proceed with rural electrification. In fact, since 2005 there have been twelve cases of concessionaires that had to interrupt their rural electrification programmes before reaching universal access because of this restriction (Instituto Acende Brasil, 2007a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
They might also be linked to the greater societal tolerance accorded to men, rather than to women, to participate in illicit activities. These dynamics can be exacerbated by outside agencies, be it national or international security' actors, if and when they aggressively target men and boys of particular ethnic, religious or social profiles as suspected trouble-makers. Thereby, they often foreclose other possibilities for them not to join gangs, political pressure groups or movements seen as extremist.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Following the statements by the Co-Chairs, an interactive discussion ensued and statements were made by the representatives of Zambia, Switzerland, Malaysia, Fiji, the Netherlands, China, Spain, Canada, Guinea, the Czech Republic, Norway, Sweden, Gabon, South Africa, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Cameroon, Cambodia and Jamaica. Statements were also made by the representatives of the Central African Forests Commission, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the International Network for Bamboo and Rattan. A statement was made by the representative of FAO. The Co-Chairs made concluding remarks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Affordability has a bigger impact on the amount of data people already online can consume. A more competitive mobile Internet market is the main way to lower prices via regulatory actions such as infrastructure sharing, open and cost-based access to wholesale facilities, liberal spectrum policy, and encouragement of IXPs. These actions will lead to dropping prices and a variety of bundles to suit different economic circumstances.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Lessons learned from development practice can, therefore, inform development support targeted at enhancing data availability for adaptation. For example, experience has shown that efforts to enhance data availability are more likely to succeed and be sustained if they fit within the broader national strategy for the country’s statistical system. This refers to the entire network of providers of data and other information.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Ces enfants sont souvent confrontes a de multiples aspects de la privation materielle (y compris de mauvaises conditions de logement et un manque de possibilites d'education), ce qui appelle une strategic globale de lutte contre la pauvrete dans toutes ses dimensions. Changes in living standard of children in two-parent very low income families, 2007-2014.58 Figure 21. For instance, the child poverty rate is lowest in Denmark at around 4%, but almost 25% in Israel and Turkey.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Are the supportive policies adjusted in view of progress? This is all the more important given that renewable technologies have shown a high learning rate. During 2011, prices of PV modules dropped by another 45%, reaching USD 0.90/W installed at the start of 2012 (BNEF, 2012).20 Overall, this amounts to a 75% drop in prices since 2008 (UNEP FI, 2012). On the one hand, lower cost of production for clean technologies is an opportunity to increase the ambition of the overall long-term clean energy objectives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
These acquisitions brought the total current size of its purse seine fleet to 34 and the number of fishmeal plants to 6, thus further consolidating its competitive position in Peru and increasing economies of scale. Strategically, this also ensures that the Group secures its long-term access to more fish resources. As a result, many vessels were available to fish under various types of access arrangements or on the high seas on a low-cost basis (with a view to just covering their variable costs).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Energy costs will be controlled through improvements in energy efficiency and the limits that higher energy prices put on economic growth. There will be continued reliance on fossil based sources. Scarcity will exist for those without indigenous resources, but those with indigenous resources will progress, creating tensions on resource availability.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
As the DNA approved proposed CDM projects, delays in establishing them also delayed interest and therefore funding from potential CDM project developers. For example, the Amazon Fund (focused on REDD+ in Brazil) ensures full access to external auditors of its records (Amazon Fund, 2008), and the Adaptation Fund has signed up to the International Aid Transparency Initiative in April 2013 (IATI, 2013). While GHG-related impacts of mitigation interventions accrue globally, the impacts necessary for climate-resilience are more directly linked to local conditions. This has led a number of institutions and funds to develop indicators to capture biodiversity and environmental cobenefits of interventions (see e.g. UK, 2013, Thamrin, 2013, CIF, 2011, and AF, 201 la).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
However, some of the countries with a high level of inequality in terms of disposable income (Mexico, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States) show the largest decline in inequality (above 21%), while it is smallest for Slovenia (17%), the country with the lowest inequality in terms of disposable income. Can groups of countries sharing similar inequality patterns be identified? This section uses two approaches - country profiles and a cluster analysis - to answer these questions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
There is a multidisciplinary academic subfield that has been quietly gaining momentum? transparency. Transparency is not just the latest buzzword, it is also a subject that has garnered serious academic attention. Anthropology, business administra tion, economics, geography, journalism, law, political science, public administration, public policy, and soci ology scholars all have turned their attention to this topic. They have focused on openness and secrecy in public organizations, private organizations, public private partnerships, quasi-public organizations, and multinational organizations. Public administration topics that fall under the umbrella of transparency include freedom of information laws, whistle-blowing, open meetings, secret military budgets, e-governance, public archives, and performance reporting.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Using the data and literature, a range of default values should be developed as benchmarks for policy makers to use in assessing the outcomes from energy efficiency policy. This will enable governments assess the potential of energy efficiency policy to meet their priorities. A longer term goal would be to begin to calculate this for different countries and regions and ultimately for the global economy. This can help channel funds into investments in energy efficiency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Even countries with modern anti-discrimination laws and well-designed incentives for employers may find it difficult to curtail discriminatory practices if, de facto, the law is not enforced. Policy makers should ensure that equality bodies, labour inspectorates and other agencies that are in charge of enforcing anti-discrimination laws are sufficiently resourced and staffed with adequately trained personnel. Similar concerns apply to the policy initiatives to curb informality outlined in the next section. Fighting informality requires concerted policy action based on three pillars: increasing the benefits of formalisation, reducing the costs of formal employment and strengthening enforcement mechanisms (see OECD, 2015b, and OECD, 2008, Chapter 2 for a detailed discussion).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)