albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
This project is developed in partnership with the China Railway International Group and it is relevant to the advancement of SDGs 8, 9 and 10. The project entails provision of educational tablets and multifunction printers, and recruitment of ICT officers for all the 67 primary schools. The Fund has further subsidized public telecommunication operators to provide broadband Internet connectivity at a minimum of 5 Mbps per school.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In doing so, they bring market-determined growth processes more closely in line with environmental values (World Bank, 2012). As a recent report by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) puts it, payments for ecological services, the process relating to the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD) and incentives to produce biofuels often involve trade-offs with smallholder agriculture, biodiversity, livelihoods and food security. Moreover, market-based approaches often promote corporate interests, which in turn may constrain the scope for policy and regulatory reform that is conducive to social and sustainable development (UNRISD, 2012b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Introduction -- Foreign Fighters’ in the Syria and Iraq Conflict: Statistics and Characteristics of a Rapidly Growing Phenomenon -- Foreign Fighters’ Involvement in National and International Wars: A Historical Survey -- Foreign Fighters as a Challenge for International Relations Theory -- Foreign Fighters: Motivations for Travel to Foreign Conflicts -- The Emerging Role of Social Media in the Recruitment of Foreign Fighters Gabriel Weimann -- Analysing the Recruitment and Use of Foreign Men and Women in ISIL through a Gender Perspective -- The Military Impact of Foreign Fighters on the Battlefield: the Case of the ISIL -- The Status of Foreign Fighters under International Humanitarian Law Emanuele Sommario -- Foreign Fighters and International Criminal Law -- Child Soldiers: the Expanding Practice of Minors Recruited to Become Foreign Fighters -- Armed Opposition Groups’ (and Foreign Fighters’) Abidance by Human Rights Law: the Issue of Compliance in Syria and Iraq.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Purpose – The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for renewed collaborative efforts between linguists and economists to develop a multidisciplinary approach to discourse studies to single out, in the case at hand, how financial media discourse might reflect either a prevailing mainstream or a Minskian conceptual apparatus in financial crisis related papers. Design/methodology/approach – The paper conducts exploratory research by focusing on semantic analysis, so as to indicate how the latter might possibly indicate a shift in the prevailing framework in contemporary financial media discourse. After a clear exposition of a theoretical dichotomy between the Minskian and mainstream approaches, it relies on Tropes software to conduct applied discourse analysis and discover evidence for the aforementioned shift. It exploits a set of three crisis-related articles from the Financial Times written by Martin Wolf. The selected corpora consist of opinion articles, a genre believed to be both emblematic...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
But a study of Bolsa Familia in Brazil concluded that the urban poor - especially those who are highly mobile, such as migrants or those without a fixed address - can be just as 'hard to reach' with social protection as the geographically isolated rural poor (Wong et al. In some cities and towns, the poor are concentrated in specific areas. In others, the urban poor are dispersed throughout. Children are often sent to live with wealthier relatives, or left behind with grandparents in the village when their parents move to town to look for work. Mobility and splitting of households raises questions about who should be the recipient of social transfers. For instance, if a child is named as beneficiary of a child grant the recipient is usually the child's primary caregiver.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Recipiency is also high in Greece which allocates to nearly 20% of retirees targeted benefits at a level equivalent to about 14% of the average wage. At the same time, around 60% receive the contributory minimum pension, which is 36% of the average wage. ( Portugal shows very similar shares of recipients and benefit levels.) The Greek percentages are additive, which means that some three-quarters of pensioners receive one or other type of safety-net benefit.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This document explores these issues, noting that some potential conflicts between sustainable development objectives could be given fuller recognition, and that Norway can and should follow through more strongly the logic of its pioneering use of economic incentives to further sustainability goals. Le pays doit une partie considerable de sa richesse a l’economie carbonee, mais il accordc la priorite aux objectifs de la Strategic de l’OCDE pour une croissance verte et se considere comme un pionnier dans certains domaines. Partie integrante de la documentation se rapportant au budget 2008, la strategic de developpement durable definissait les principes cles censes guider l’elaboration des politiques, ainsi qu’unc serie d'indicateurs quantitatifs destines a donner une idee des progres realises. Le recours a des instruments presentant un bon rapport cout-efficacite, dans foptique d’atteindre les objectifs, est aussi au nombre des principes retenus.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Since these institutions in many countries plagued by widespread poverty do not act in a strategic and rational fashion, aid money tends to get tied up in red tape or misappropriated. Local government institutions that are closer to addressing poverty issues are starved of funds and rarely get them on time. For example, most African Governments have an 80/20 formula for sharing expenditures— four fifths going to central Government, one fifth to local governments. This is a serious misallocation of funds that has not been possible to correct despite pressure to decentralize funding and the establishment of special means to track public expenditure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Critical aspects in terms of duration and conditions of employment, reliance of the sector on foreign labour, impact on local workers’ wages, social rights, and benefits’ portability remain largely under-researched. While the South African Domestic and Services Allied Workers Union (SADSAWU) has adopted a national strategy, protection remains limited in practice in a sector characterised by high levels of decent work deficits for all workers, and in particular immigrant workers. The remaining columns represent the differences between the native-born and foreign-bom sectoral employment shares.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The WDPA is a geospatial database, therefore, the compilation of country-level indicators requires GIS analysis. This paper presents the methodology and results for OECD and G20 countries to be used in OECD work. The methodology improves existing OECD indicators on protected areas in a way that is harmonised across countries and over time, and that reflects the actual extent of protected areas without double-counting overlapping sites.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Italy and the United States have the highest share of start-ups with at least one female founder (i.e. 17% and 16%, respectively). Differences between gender in the probability to get any funding is mostly present in Europe where companies with at least one female founder are less likely to get funding by more than 10%. In the United States the difference is smaller and only marginally significant while in Asia no difference is found. However, for those that receive funding the gender gap in funding amount is similar for Europe and the United States.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, some functions related to water management are devolved to various other national and local authorities, and public and private organisations. It is also responsible for implementing the policies, assuring compliance with environmental legislation, issuing licences for groundwater abstraction, monitoring of surface and groundwater quantity and quality, collecting statistical information on water uses and wastewater discharges, etc. The ministry undertakes these tasks through the subdivisions described below.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Wetlands are highly valued habitats for biodiversity and their loss is of international significance. However, for some types of seminatural agricultural habitats (farm woodland and fallow land) the area has increased or remained stable for a number of countries. Depending on the degree of sealing, it reduces or completely prevents natural soil functions and ecosystem services on the area concerned. This excludes woodland or forest predominantly under agricultural or urban land use and used only for recreation purposes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In OECD countries, food prices increased by 1.6%, a significant reduction from the 6% plus increase registered in 2008. There were, however, significant differences in food price inflation among OECD as well as non-OECD countries. For most countries, food price increases slowed significantly in 2009 compared to 2008 yet for others double digit increases continued.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The images are then often sent across time zones (Spain, Australia, India), with the receiving radiologist working his normal daylight hours. Tele-radiology can also be utilised to obtain a consultation with an expert or sub-specialist. See earlier comment on a mental health night stay, which is usually also recorded as a day case.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Should the VRE in one region have tow output, other regions experiencing overgeneration can transmit excess electricity. In 2009, Germany produced 592 TWh of electricity3, which gives an average power consumption of about 826 W per capita4, implying that a city of one million inhabitants needs on average nearly 1 GW of electricity supply, with considerable variations. The highest capacity transmission project being constructed is for the capacity of about 7.2 GW of high voltage direct current (HVDC) overhead line5, which could sen/e a region of about ten million inhabitants. Transmitting hydropower over long distances is common in Brazil, China and India, due to inexpensive electricity and remote locations of hydropower. Current electricity storage capacity is usually nearly negligible in comparison to instantaneous power generation and due to nearly instantaneous power transmission.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Bringing together social science and literary sensibilities, this article employs a focused content analysis of the texts of three influential Norwegian novels for their personal portrayal of the relationship between modernization, the new welfare state, poverty, and shame. As significant facets of public imagination, the big and little stories presented in the novels deploy a decidedly social psychology, in which individual accounts reflexively relate to social life. Featuring associated characters and identities, the novels construct possible experiences. In this context, emotions such as shame are taken to be indigenous ingredients of modernization and the welfare state. The lessons of a lyrical sociology for understanding personal experience and social change are discussed in the conclusion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Countries which performed well in PISA in a given year (e.g. 2000) tend to show high performance among the corresponding age cohort (e.g. 27-year-olds) in the Survey of Adult Skills and vice versa. This suggests that, at the country level, the reading and mathematics proficiency of an age cohort in PISA is a reasonably good predictor of the cohort's subsequent performance in literacy and numeracy as it moves through post-compulsory education and into the labour market. But it aims to go beyond the aggregate-level analysis that has so far been published in the PISA 2012 international reports, to give an analysis of student performance on individual mathematics test items in order to reveal students' strengths and weaknesses. Considering this also in the context of the relationship between PISA and the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) can help connect these results to what the United States aspires to teach in classrooms and help inform teaching practices that can support performance improvement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
From a social point of view, stable variable costs and stable electricity prices as provided by nuclear energy would, of course, be an advantage for investment, industrial consumers and households. Due to the peculiar price setting mechanism in the electricity market, however, only one technology (gas, the marginal fuel with the highest variable cost) profits from an automatic hedge through the alignment of its variable cost and electricity prices. In order to fully exploit its potential to contribute to adequate capacity and to the security of energy supply, nuclear energy would thus benefit from stable pricing arrangements either through regulated prices or through long-terms contracts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
There are numerous and specific reasons why South Africa is distinctively positioned to advance and influence the use of constitutional rights to protect the environment. As a result of its unique history and constitutional structure, the South African Constitutional Court possesses special capacities to address domestic environmental concerns and impact comparative law discourse regarding constitutional environmental rights. The judiciary has already demonstrated successful, albeit modest, domestic adjudication through its early environmental jurisprudence and it exhibits the potential for even more significant outcomes in the future. Moreover, the Court holds a highly influential position in the field of comparative constitutional law because of its expansive rights protections, permissive jurisdictional rules, hard-wired consideration of foreign and international law, and its unrivaled reputation among academics and jurists. Altogether, this highly influential court is structurally and politically capable of supporting a significant evolution in the field of constitutional environmental rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This essay explores Modern Greek Studies as public scholarship from the angle of Greek American cultural studies. The author’s intellectual biography serves as a departure point to situate Modern Greek Studies as an organic location from which to empower Greek American studies. The dimension of public engagement comes into view through the following question: What is the place of cultural critique in the context of collaborative public engagement? The discussion identifies a range of possibilities for public collaboration and reflects on their respective implications. This work aims not only to explicate prospects of public scholarship for Modern Greek Studies, but also make a case in this context for the intellectual importance of Greek America as a subject intertwined with Modern Greek Studies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Mitigation measures should be implemented if noise levels exceed 65 dB(A) in daytime and 55 dB(A) during the night. A permanent advisory body to the government, comprising management and labour representatives and senior economic officials. Also see list of websites at the end of this report. Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries, OECD, Paris.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The study examines the influence of national culture on national averages of time spent (ATS) visiting the largest social networking sites (SNSs): Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. The analysis uses cultural dimensions adopted from both the works of Hofstede and Schwartz, while controlling for country e-readiness and median population age. The findings suggest that culture's influence may be moderated by the media richness and type of network focus of each SNS. Overall, in rich-media SNSs, egalitarianism positively impacts ATS. Individualism and masculinity only impact ATS on friendship-oriented SNSs. Additionally, uncertainty avoidance and intellectual autonomy only impact ATS on professional-oriented SNSs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, while numerical results can differ, the main trends and effects observed are common to all system and penetration levels. In the short term, the electricity system is locked in with the existing generation mix and infrastructure and cannot adapt quickly to the introduction of the new technology. On the contrary, in the long term, both the infrastructure and generation capacity can evolve and adapt to the new market conditions resulting from the introduction of the new generation capacity. Thus, system costs are different if assessed in a short-term perspective with numerous dynamic processes or in a long-term equilibrium perspective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The ICCAT (International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas) has been working since 2011 to transfer catch certification from paper to electronic format to improve transparency of capture and trade of Bluefin Tuna. For Atlantic Tuna in the ICCAT region, the Electronic Bluefin Tuna Catch Document (E-BCD) became fully operational in 2014. Furthermore, ICCAT continues to work toward the inclusion of observers by 2015.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Between 2000 and 2015, participation in the first year of preschool (Interactive II, age 4) increased dramatically from 7% to 63%, and that of the second year from 83% to 90%. The new curriculum gives special emphasis to early literacy skills which are critical both to success in learning and for developing a child's self-confidence and social interaction. Just 20% of 4-year-olds from the poorest households have access to preschool provision, compared to 80% of their wealthier peers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
We call this the gender egalitarian (GE) case. Note that gender egalitarianism is also reflected by a number of factors associated with the high road: smaller gender wage gaps (to the extent they stem from good wages for women as opposed to low wages for men), an extensive and high quality market care sector, lots of public provision of care services, and good reproductive infrastructure. We call this the feminization of responsibility and obligation (FRO) case, borrowing a term developed by Sylvia Chant (2006) to replace the concept of feminization of poverty.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
According to the IUCN, invasive alien species constitute the second most severe threat to freshwater fish species (William et al., Changes in the natural morphology of water bodies (e.g. channelized rivers, dams, canals) can also affect the ability of ecosystems to process and retain pollutants (Wagenschein and Rode, 2008). High nitrate levels in drinking water can lead to infant methaemoglobinaemia (blue-baby syndrome), gastric cancer goiter, metabolic disorder, birth malformations, hypertension and livestock poisoning (Khandare, 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Inequality and Poverty in Latin America during the Last Four Decades. La revolucion silenciosa de las instituciones y la estabilidad macroeconomica, Documento de Trabajo n. 649, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington D. C., November. Growth and inequality: extracting the lessons for policymakers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Starting from the position that officer accountability is a core value of American constitutionalism, this article reassesses MARBURY V. MADISON in light of the indictable acts connected to the nondelivery of Marbury’s commission. First, it reads Chief Justice Marshall’s opinion against the background of personal and political hostility among the principals, including between Marbury and President Jefferson. Second, it identifies avenues of further redress open to Marbury before and after the Supreme Court’s refusal of the mandamus order, and it considers why they were not pursued. Finally, having identified alternative procedural traditions on which Marshall could have drawn, and reviewed decisions by state and federal judges in analogous suits against officers, it concludes that MARBURY'S deepest contribution was to elevate the principle of jurisdiction over the imperative of remedy in constitutional decision making.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In 2013, 11.62 kg of opium were seized in Bangladesh, but no seizures were reported in 2014. Trafficking of codeine-based cough syrups, such as phensedyl, from India to Bangladesh continued to be reported. Although Bangladesh banned codeine-based cough syrups, its medical use is allowed in India. In 2014, 748,730 bottles of codeine-based preparations were seized in Bangladesh, a decrease from the 987,661 bottles seized in 2013.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In addition, the government made maternal health and family planning priorities within an expanding health budget, and health spending per capita doubled between 1995 and 2011. During roughly the same period, antenatal care coverage increased five-fold. The number of births assisted by skilled attendants doubled between 2006 and 2011, to 36 per cent of the total.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
On the other hand, SKR1M will also support the implementation of the High-Speed Broadband and Sub-Urban Broadband projects by providing huge backhaul capacity to bring back the traffic from Sabah and Sarawak to Peninsular Malaysia and internationally. These are among the steps the Government undertakes to ensure that no segment of the community is left behind, in order to improve the socio-economic situation through ICT and the Digital Economy. It is the expansion of the Electronic Government Network (EG*Net), which was initiated in 1997 as Malaysia was embarking on building the Multimedia Super Corridor in line with its National Vision 2020.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Invasive species in the Baltic Sea include round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), red gilled mud worm (Marenzelleria spp.) For a young sea like the Baltic Sea, the establishment of non-indigenous species is, to some extent, also a natural on-going process of succession and so far no non-indigenous species have resulted in the extinction of native species. Some non-indigenous species, such as Marenzelleria spp.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Since the strategic motivation for exporting earlier than others is valid for all the export companies, this eventually leads to the actual early suspension of rice exports. The strategic uncertainty may result in suboptimal timing and quantity of rice exports for an individual company, since the quantity and timing of rice exports should be ideally determined based on global and domestic market conditions rather than on the strategic motivation induced by the first-come, first-served basis (Tsukada, 2011). It also reduces the incentive to develop or expand market opportunities (Tran, 2014a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
These benefits may be paid periodically or as a lump-sum. Family and education transfers exclude payments made by employers to an employee in lieu of wages and salaries through a social insurance scheme when unable to work through maternity leave where such payment cannot be separately and clearly identified as social benefits, additional payments made by employers to an employee to supplement the maternity leave pay entitlement from a social insurance schemes, where such payments cannot be separately and clearly identified as social benefits. They refer to interventions by public authorities to help households meet the cost of housing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)