albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Ranajit Guha, (ed.) A Subaltern Studies Reader 1986–1995        Peter Heehsm, Nationalism, Terrorism, Communalism: Essays in Modern Indian History        Sumit Sarkar, Writing Social History        Achin Vanaik, The Furies of Indian Communalism: Religion, Modernity And Secularization
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This paper argues that the promotion of social science influence in policy-making has strangely neglected the discipline of history. Yet history has been expanding its role as a ‘policy science’ in recent years. While historians may not be able to employ some of the methodological tools of other social scientists, they nonetheless utilise analytical tools of their own which enable them to interpret the ‘past’ in a rigorous and meaningful way. It is thus possible to ‘learn from history’ without being reductionist or prescriptive. Specific examples are here drawn from the authors' fields of expertise—the history of health policy and public health, history of alcohol policy, the history of childhood—to illustrate the underlying argument.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The links between organised crime and corruption have grown to become an important research agenda of international interest. It is not surprising, therefore, that the UN convention against corruption 2003 (UNCAC - known as the 'Merida Convention'), drew attention to the importance of this phenomenon, the worrying links between corruption and other forms of crime, with particular reference to organised crime. Organised crime and corruption overlap and reinforce each other practically and culturally as well. In this paper, I will consider the links between organised crime and corruption, and attempt to identify the "criminal fabric and its resources that pollute heavily economics, politics and the life of the country, reducing the potential for human, economic and civil development" (Arnone, 2009, p.7).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Civil rights campaigner Nigeria (b 1940, q Manchester 1963, FMCGP (Nigeria), FWACP), died from lung cancer on 10 February 2006.    Bekololari (“Beko”) Ransome-Kuti made his mark as defender of human rights, champion of good governance, and campaigner for democracy. He was detained or jailed several times by the Nigerian military but remained steadfast in the battle for democracy and accountability. He worked in various public hospitals from 1964 until 1977, when he established his own private practice. He held various positions in the Nigerian Medical Association, including chairmanship of the Lagos chapter, and he chaired the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Board. He was founder or leader of various civil liberties and pro-democracy organisations, including the Campaign for Democracy, the Committee for the Defence of Human Rights, and Pro-National Conference Organisation (PRONACO).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In schools with a privileged socio-economic intake, disadvantaged students tend to do better than expected (but by a smaller margin compared to other OECD countries) and advantaged students tend to do better than expected (within a similar margin of other OECD countries) (Table 11.5.11 in PISA 2009 Results, Volume II). Most of the students who perform poorly in PISA share a challenging socio-economic background and yet some of Iheir socio-economically disadvantaged peers excel in PISA and beat the odds working against them. These students show that overcoming socio-economic barriers to achievement is possible. While the prevalence of resilience is not the same across educational systems, it is possible to identify substantial numbers of resilient students in practically all OECD countries."
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It explores each city’s strengths and challenges in terms ofpublic transport policy, with an analysis of accessibility and inclusiveness when available. The first three cities were selected as case studies because they received several awards from the Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) in “sustainable transport” and “public transport policy evaluation” (Box 3.1). The fourth city, Sejong, offers a unique case of a city entirely planned and created by the central government as a new administrative hub of Korea, which is strongly committed to transit-oriented development (TOD).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This is particularly true for reporting of climate finance mobilised by developed countries, understanding of mitigation targets for non-Annex I countries, as well as for collective mitigation goals. However, filling other gaps will require methodological improvements, improved data collection and increased domestic capacity for MRV. For example, several proposed INDCs include an adaptation component, many INDCs are contingent on the level of support received, and some developing countries have put forward economy-wide mitigation contributions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Third, papers investigating gender gap in venture capital funding utilise only country-specific data - mostly from the United States. This does not allow cross-country comparisons, which is particularly restrictive when examining questions where cultural differences are potentially important. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that is able to link a rich set of socio-demographic characteristics of start-up founders to their performance and capital financing in a crosscountry setting. In particular, the work focuses on the effect of founders’ gender on the investors’ funding decisions. A micro-dataset called '‘Crunchbase” is used to characterise, analyse and explain the gender gap in funding of high-growth innovative start-ups across OECD, Colombia and BRICS. The sample used for this report contains 70 362 start-ups across the OECD, Colombia and BRICS economies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This sale is executed on the primary' market on which the securities are to be traded and circulated beyond a circle of usually 100 people, or through methods such as canvassing, advertising, etc. For trading purposes, the entrepreneur entrusts one or more trading companies with the shares to be circulated so that they commit to circulating them to their customers, institutional investors, businesses and individuals. The prospectus contains detailed information for potential investors so that they can make informed investment decisions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Implementation in practice is hindered by fragmented distribution of powers and funds. The initiative led by the then Ministry of Security and Public Administration (restructured in 2014) aimed at increasing traffic safety and especially at reducing fatalities. A study, jointly conducted by the Ministry and the Korea Transport Institute (KOTI), found significant improvements in traffic safety. The study measured the number of people that were injured or died in accidents both before and after the installation of the roundabouts. Compared to the year before the installation, fatalities and severe injures dropped by more than 50% (Table 2.4). The installation of the 192 roundabouts meant that 4 lives were saved and 78 serious injuries - injuries requiring more than three weeks of hospitalisation - were prevented.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Regulations from 2005 setting maximum allowable biomass have been effective in addressing eutrophication for older fish farms in several fjords. Forthcoming new regulations will increase the monitoring obligations (MOFI, 2009a). Meanwhile, further efforts are needed to regulate cod farming, given the magnitude of its environmental impact relative to the current size of the business.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
In smaller communities and rural areas no waste collection service is provided and individuals are responsible for removal and disposal of their own waste. This often results in the indiscriminate dumping of waste at roadsides or burning of waste in the open. Urban waste is mostly disposed of at nominated landfill sites, but significant quantities are also dumped at unauthorised locations at the edges of settlements and along roads.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The location of federally-funded “multi-purpose” facilities can help supplement services in communities but may also instigate disinvestment by state governments in hospitals or appropriate transfer arrangements. This medical outreach is expensive but has become a vital part of health service delivery in Australia’s most remote parts. Such schemes work best when a visiting specialist pairs with a local GP to manage a patient’s care. There is a need to maintain investments in technologies to help overcome geographical challenges to care. Telehealth is a very promising innovation in Australia and internationally, using technology to link patients or GPs in rural areas to specialists in regional centres or major cities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This indicates that there is also an unmet need for family planning, among the rest of the women, who had sought an induced abortion, 36 per cent of them had not used modern contraceptives. By methods, 49 per cent of the abortion seekers were using the traditional family planning methods in Viet Nam. It seems that the reason behind higher abortion rates, especially in rural areas, is the high desire for a smaller family size and the unavailability of methods with high effectiveness. Also a significant proportion of all ever-married women (36 per cent) could not report the correct fertile period in VNDHS 2002.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The project had a strong community involvement and appears to have incorporated lessons from earlier slum upgrading projects (HUDCC, 2014). The Baan Mankong slum upgrading in Bangkok, Thailand, allows for the integration of slum dwellers into society through a demand-side approach (Archer, 2012). Baan Mankong is implemented by the Community Organisations Development Institute (CODI) and allows for community organisations established by informal settlement residents to be the managers in developing and planning solutions to their housing problems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In the late 1990s the pressure increased on companies to be not only transparent on the business performance on their own operations, but on their performance in the supply chain as well. Topics like product responsibility, human rights and anti-corruption became of importance. In addition to organizational legitimacy, business ethics became a driver for external transparency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
A drop in biofuel production is observed in all countries, as shown in Figure 9. In countries where the biofuel mandates are binding, abolition of both mandates and budgetary support significantly decreases biofuel production because it is not competitive with fossil fuels at crude oil prices assumed here. The decline in biofuel production in Brazil is comparatively small.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The need to be accountable to international donors may also have played a role. A more recent assessment of federal and state-level protected areas in the Amazon biome found that only 4% had a degree of implementation and management that was sufficient to fulfil the objectives set for these areas (TCU, 2013). While the available financial resources have increased in recent years, the capacity to spend these resources has worsened.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
At provincial scale, biodiversity planning and management devolves to provincial departments, which often share a focus with agriculture, rural development or tourism. Provincial departments conduct environmental planning and impact assessment, management of natural resources and conservation at a provincial scale. Similarly, each municipality conducts environmental management at a municipal scale, with reference to provincial biodiversity plans. The overall focus of biodiversity mainstreaming interventions in South Africa has been to embed biodiversity into institutional systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
However, stakeholders must do more in order to achieve the 2030 Agenda and its aim to leave no one behind. Flows to least developed countries (LDCs) increased by more than 10 per cent, but this rise mostly reflected humanitarian emergencies in a few countries. More detailed reporting and disaggregation would help improve monitoring and guide policy interventions to ensure no one is left behind. In addition, mapping ODA flows to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be a helpful monitoring tool and focus attention on areas that can accelerate the achievement of all SDGs. There has been progress in untying aid, but informal tying remains. There is an urgent need to address these challenges to the quality of ODA, which, taken together, pose a threat to hard-won gains in country ownership and leadership.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The main objectives of the Energy Law are, inter alia, provision of a safe, quality and reliable supply of energy and energy sources, stimulation of market competition, provision of conditions for promoting energy efficiency in carrying out energy activities and energy consumption, as well as stimulating the use of renewable energy sources and combined heat and power generation. The Programme identifies barriers to increasing efficiency in energy consumption and to widely using renewable energy, recommending regulatory, policy, institutional, organizational and technical measures to overcome these barriers. It foresees the development of national regulations to establish favourable conditions for ESCOs’ operation and introduction of an energy passport system in buildings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The income growth is expected to reduce gender inequality by loosening constraints, improving market opportunities, promoting market mechanisms, increasing household available resources and so on (See Dollar and Gatti, 1999, Forsythe et al., Religious affiliation and civil liberties are included following Dollar and Gatti (1999). They show that, to a large extent, gender inequality can be explained by religious preference and underlying characteristics of societies, such as the extent of civil liberties.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These recent payments amounted to almost half of total budgetary transfers in 2009-11. This situation in Kazakhstan fits into a broader picture observed across emerging economies: the share of the most distorting support in the total PSE was 68% in Brazil, 81% in Russia, 86% in Ukraine, and 74% in South Africa in 2008-10. In China, this share is notably smaller but still around one-half of the country’s PSE. In terms of its use of the most distorting support, Kazakhstan and the majority of emerging economies stand approximately where most of the OECD countries were in the mid-1980s.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
To which extent does the choice of nuclear energy contribute to adequate investment in power generation capacity? To which extent does the choice of nuclear energy improve the functioning of power systems and transmission infrastructures? The previously mentioned joint IEA/NEA (2010) study provides some general information on the LCOE per MWh for different technologies.27 Table 1.1 shows that nuclear energy is a very attractive option at interest rates that are below or only slightly above 5% real. They thus indicate the discounted average (unit) cost of production.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This effort would be even more effective if macro-metering was sufficiently widespread to discourage underreporting. Since many water operators have traditionally failed to pay water abstraction charges, in 2002, CONAGUA launched the Program for Reimbursement of Duties (PRODDER -Programa de Devolucion de Derechos) to encourage water utilities to pay water abstraction charges. Since 2003 PRODDER has reimbursed to water utilities between MXN 1.4 to 1.9 billion per year. By 2006, PRODDER had allowed CONAGUA to triple revenue collection from water utilities (CONAGUA, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In this context, it presents a methodology for calculating the investment necessary to implement national broadband plans. Finally, it outlines the public policy implications, which can stimulate deployment and maximize the impact of the technology. In a way similar to any infrastructure project, the deployment of broadband networks creates jobs and acts over the economy by means of multipliers. The second effect results from the "spill-over" externalities, which impact both enterprises and consumers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This requires efforts to push ahead with grassroots economic strategies to empower women on their own or in family units, the introduction and support of micro-credit programmes for women, the promotion of labour, land and property rights for women, including through legal reform, and the integration of women into the transformation and management of post-war security institutions. We close with some recommendations for international state and local actors, including the United Nations, regional organizations and bilateral donors, but also national governments, civil society organizations and national and international research communities. Women are portrayed in their full complexity: not simply as helpless or innocent victims, but as both victims and active agents of change. The reflections from different parts of the world draw our attention to the differing dynamics of participation as they play out in various local, national and international settings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Raising the incomes of the poor is the main channel through which trade can contribute to food security. At the same time, trade can make an important contribution to the other dimensions of food security. Trade in food and agricultural products in particular increases the availability of food by enabling products to flow from surplus to deficit areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Accordingly, the reintroduction of animals, is important. Typically, a wetland is created through the excavation of upland soils to elevations that will support the growth of wetland species through the establishment of an appropriate hydrology. Wetlands may be installed or restored via thisor other approaches such as removing u ndergrou nd drainage tiles. A wide variety of agricultural BMPs exist, including practices such as cover crops, conservation tillage, precision fertilizer application, irrigation efficiency, contourfarmingand agroforestry.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The case has been made for using such schemes on a permanent basis to promote the right to work as a guaranteed entitlement, as in India's NREGS.71 In practice, few existing programmes are national in scope or provide a guaranteed entitlement, though some have become long-term interventions in response to high structural un- and underemployment or chronic food insecurity. This is the case for South Africa's Extended Public Works Programme (EPWP) and, prospectively, Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) (see Box 3.4). Households whose members are unable to work (due to pregnancy, lactation, disability, illness or old age) receive the same transfer without work requirements.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Another factor contributing to their exclusion is neglect (not always intentional) in making special arrangements, such as wheelchair ramps, to enable them to gain physical access. First, it is necessary to put in place arrangements that help offset the disadvantages they may face as a result of the disability. For example, those with a hearing disability can participate only if arrangements are made for communicating in sign language.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
She joined the OECD Programme on International Management in Higher Education (IMHE) in 2005 to coordinate and manage the first round of OECD Reviews of Higher Education in Regional Development which took place in 2005-2007 and embraced 14 regions in 12 countries. She is leading the second round of reviews in 2008-10 which is reaching out to 14 regions and city-regions in G8 countries and emerging economies. She is the co-author and editor of the OECD publication “Higher Education and Regions - Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged” (OECD, 2007). Before joining the OECD, Puukka had experience in higher education and regional development in Finland as a national and local government adviser, programme manager, practitioner and evaluator.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Moreover, means are also combined, which includes support schemes, advisory services, tailor made education and support of cluster organisations. Among the six strategic areas of Innovation Fund Denmark are "production, materials, digitalisation and ICT". Among other instruments, which can be used to further automation and digitalisation is the so-called InnoBooster scheme. The grants are used to invest in knowledge, consultancy services, equipment and cooperation with knowledge institutes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In other words, we endeavour to answer the question: "Does the increase of 0.5 units for the rural poor affect only this group or does it first have an impact on the urban rich before trickling down to the rural poor?" At the same time, 5.1 per cent of the multiplier travels through the rural non-poor, onward to subsistence labour, then to agriculture, before influencing the rural poor. This makes sense, given the level of communal living and dependence in many African countries. In the case of the rural non-poor, the majority (74.5 per cent) of the multiplier travels directly to the rural non-poor, while a mere 2.1 per cent travels through livestock consumption to the rural non-poor.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
See C. Correa, “Protecting Test Data for Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical Products under Free Trade Agreements”, in Negotiating Health, pp. As mentioned before, however, it is widely recognized that this obligation creates insurmountable barriers for generic producers in terms of financial resources and time. Where the protected data concern off-patent substances, a data exclusivity regime therefore erects an important new market access barrier for generic producers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
All these agendas have strong linkages with SDG 11 - providing a means for financing urban development (Addis Agenda), addressing a wide range of actions necessary for making cities spatially effective for sustainable development (NUA), providing a framework for disaster risk management, prevention and reduction and resilience strengthening including urban resilience (Sendai Framework), and focusing on climate actions that include urbanization-related activities (Paris Agreement). It is also important to note that the linkages and connections between agendas and various targets can be both positive and negative, and hence these relationships versus desired outcomes or impacts need proper identification, analysis and mitigation of any associated risks. These partnerships seek to provide technical and operational guidance for post-disaster city reconstruction and recovery programmes and for assessing capacity at the national level for DRR in the culture sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This could be promoted, for instance, through in-kind microgrants of electrical equipment for use in economic activities for which there is local demand (UNCTAD, 2015a). Proactive support of rural firms and cooperatives embarking on the processing of agricultural crops could, for example, enhance local value addition, while simultaneously creating that "anchor load” which generates substantial electricity demand, increasing the viability of mini-grids. While electricity is the most versatile form of energy, most of the energy services it provides can also be furnished — albeit in some cases imperfectly — by alternative energy sources: mechanical power by wind or flowing water, lighting by kerosene, product and space heating by biomass, and even product cooling by evaporation fridges.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)