albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
More detailed information on individual presentations can also be found in Annex III, Presentation Abstracts. It should rather be seen as a synthesis which highlights the main points. For detailed information on the presentations and conclusions of the Policy Forum please refer to the UNECE Timber Committee and the European Forestry Commission website athttp://timber.unece.org/index.php?id=2&unece_menu_id=l (cf.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Since 1990, Penang’ net migration has always been positive, indicating that Penang has attracted migrants from other states in Malaysia. The lowest number of 2% worked for the agricultural sector with the rest of the labour force in the services sector, being particularly high in the wholesale and retail trade at about 15%. Significant employers in the services sector are hotel and restaurants (8.40%), transport, storage and communication (5.80%), public administration and defence, and compulsory social security (4.80%), and education (4.60%). Other major employment sectors are health and social work (3.50%), other community, social and personal services (3.00%), private households with employed persons (2.80%), financial intermediation (2.20%), and electricity, gas and water supply (0.50%) (NHERI, 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Examples are long acceleration lanes on motorways and large stopping sight distances at intersections, increased letter-height and retro-reflectivity of street name signs, etc. For intersections with traffic lights, errors in giving way and any resulting crashes can be prevented by a regulation that does not allow traffic that can collide to have green light simultaneously. Roundabouts have the required qualities for older drivers: e.g., left turns are eliminated, fewer decisions have to be made because of one-way traffic and yield-at-enter, lower speeds allow for more time to decide and act (Staplin et al., They reduce crash numbers and, as a result of lower speeds, crash severity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Unfortunately, the Crunchbase dataset does not allow for measurement of the aspirations of the founders, nor the quality of the actual business proposal. However, one aspect of discrimination that can be addressed in future work is homophily - a tendency of people to trust, prefer or favour those who resemble themselves. In this respect, male VC fund investors may have a preference to entrust male funders with their investment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The development of processes for monitoring and evaluating drought situations, supported by research and experimental development, together with technological changes in using water and adapting crops, will play a role in the context of climate change. There have been few policies that directly seek to adapt agriculture to drought risks, leaving aside the widespread use of disaster relief payments and loans. Canada, Hungary, Turkey and the United Kingdom, for example, are all in the process of examining their national drought policies as they affect agriculture.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
A regular job is a paid job that anyone in the community can apply for. The SE model endorses regular jobs for several reasons: Clients prefer paid jobs, and such jobs reduce stigma, inspire self-esteem and enable life in the mainstream. The goal of the employment specialist is to help clients become as independent as possible in their vocational role, while remaining available to provide support and assistance when needed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The review of 57 empirical research reports on United States teacher education done by Wilson, Floden & Ferrini-Mundy (2003) puts into evidence a positive connection between teachers’ preparation in terms of subject-matter and the performances of their students, even if it also acknowledges the fact that the solution to achieve teacher effectiveness is more complex than “simply simply requiring a major or more subject matter courses” (p.2). It also shows the positive impact on teacher practice and student outcome of pedagogical preparation. Positive relationships has been found between teachers’ qualification (proxy : licencure requirement) and student achievement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In the mitigated scenario, the annual costs for increasing irrigation capacity are estimated to be USD 8 billion in 2030 and USD 12 to 14 billion in 2050. For climate change projections, two GCM models were used: i) Hadley and ii) CSIRO. The SRES A2 scenario was used as a proxy of unmitigated climate and SRES B1 as a proxy of partly mitigated climate.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
For these reasons, there has been a tendency to rush the implementation in ways that have not always been positive. For instance, building schools in the mral areas of many African countries has been accelerated to the point where the public revenue to maintain these structures, for hiring teachers and obtaining educational resources, is often woefully insufficient (Theikildsen and Buhr, 2010). The result is that students enrolled fail to graduate, and drop out of schools with little knowledge. According to the Minister of Education of the United Republic of Tanzania, no less than 46.5 per cent of all pupils failed to pass their Standard Seven national examinations in 2010.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The challenge for all providers of climate finance to address this imbalance in line with the commitments made in the Paris Agreement. This will provide a backdrop for consideration of how to restructure climate-related development finance to achieve a balance between mitigation and adaptation financing while prioritising public finance to LDCs and SIDS as envisaged in the Paris Agreement. It may also provide an opportunity to consider how to address any competition for international public finance between development and climate priorities in low-income countries. For example, by looking at ways to use other forms of climate-related development finance or more limited, “smarter” use of ODA to leverage and catalyse investment into mitigation action in middle-income countries (e.g. through greater use of guarantee instruments).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Suddenly the tables are turned, with Country B now getting 80 per cent of the stock and Country A only 20 per cent. This may take some time to discover, at any rate with a sufficient degree of certainty. Country B would most likely consider itself entitled to a greater catch of fish, and A might be reluctant to recognize its present eroded position.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Where formal mechanisms for national co-ordination are often not yet established, the majority of donors and supporters working in country cite a lack of national co-ordination between the Environment, Finance and Planning Ministries. In such cases, a lack of clarity exists regarding who has the role to oversee climate change funding (UNDP, 2010). Interviewees revealed a range of barriers for why this may be the case, such as the time taken between the formulation, agreement and implementation of roles, and the formulation of plans in isolation and prior to the establishment of a coordination mechanism leading to a fragmentation of domestic climate action.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This article explores the cultural dynamics of the microradio movement in the USA. Viewed in the wider context of political economy and participatory democracy, I argue that the microradio movement is an expression of the felt need of local populations to reconnect with the civic and cultural life of their communities. Furthermore, I contend that the unique features of the medium - its ubiquity, low-cost and low-tech credentials - make microradio particularly well suited to meet the needs of diverse urban neighborhoods and underserved rural communities alike. The article concludes that, in its efforts to reinvent radio as a vehicle of participatory democracy and a resource for community development, the microradio movement not only demonstrates the medium's significance to our understanding of community, democracy and citizenship, but underscores the role media activism plays as an agent of progressive social change
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
They believed it hindered social mobility, in that it prevented the rise of the most dynamic individuals in the society, and that it weakened economic incentives for an efficient use of labour, land and machinery.1 They also saw it as generating excessive consumption by the upper classes, contrasting with the precarious conditions of the popular masses. In their view, income inequality does not translate into stronger capital accumulation, as ostentatious consumption by the rich reduces savings. Consequently, State-led redistribution policies must seek to reduce consumption by the upper income groups in order to increase savings and direct them to capital accumulation (Prebisch, 1963, Pinto, 1970).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
These unemployment queues are lengthening and the pool of the unemployed is getting deeper. Available data show that the widening “earnings gap” does not merely reflect differences in productivity (or investment in human capital), but is more closely associated with better access to highly paid jobs and positions through family connections and institutional factors (for example, endowment of “symbolic capital” a la Bourdieu), which make the labour market highly segmented. High job turnover and more irregular earnings are leading to a large section of the workforce in the ESCWA region falling into the secondary labour market, with low, irregular income and weak social protection.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
First, fertilisers represent one of the main inputs into crop production. Augmented by higher energy prices in the second half of the past decade, the cost of fertilisers represents a significant share in agricultural production costs around the world. Several emerging economies have identified greater use of commercial fertilisers as an important means to improving their domestic agricultural production base and increasing farmers’ incomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
At the same time, some of the humid regions may need to manage additional precipitation by rethinking their conjunctive water management approaches, to reduce recharge and increase use, e.g. with more pumping, drainage, and less surface water use for irrigation, to mitigate the potential risks of water logging and salinity (Chapter 2). This chapter helped identify some of the key aspects of groundwater management on which to build locally-specific strategies (Table 5.1). Of these, two primordial items appear to be prominently missing in OECD countries, and/or necessary to ensure that groundwater is better used in the future. New discoveries of groundwater sources in Africa and under the seafloor, as well as unprecedented published estimates of groundwater depletion in Northern India and western United States show there is progress, at least in some regions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In this respect, the following three components are deemed essential. Wider application of successful geospatial and statistical standards17 is essential to fostering information exchange, a precondition for wide-scale integrated analyses of remote sensing and GIS sources, for example. Without them, the risk is that institutional and industry stakeholders will not be able to bear the costs of multiple reporting formats. Finally, bridges and connectivity need to be established among adopted standards so that information can flow across domains.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Such efforts have been undertaken in the context of climate change (including the development of guidelines - see Chapter 4), which could be used as models to develop such tools for biodiversity. The CONANP’s share in 2011 was MXN 0.99 billion (1.9%), an increase from MXN 0.35 billion in 2002. In comparison, the SAGARPA budget in 2011 was MXN 73.00 billion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This article examines the scope and meaning of the principles of consent, neutrality/impartiality and self-defence in peacekeeping and claims that they play a constitutional role. More specifically, they distinguish peacekeeping from peace enforcement and allow the United Nations to play an active role in collective security. The author however claims that the demands of modern peacekeeping have put pressure on these principles and, therefore, the United Nations needs to reconsider their meaning in conjunction with its own principles and values.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In September 2014, the Member States of the League of Arab States approved the Statute of the Arab Court of Human Rights finalising a 20-year process to put in place a human rights protection mechanism which resembles mechanisms operating in other regions. This article examines the defunct Arab Charter on Human Rights of 1994, the revised Human Rights Charter of 2004 as well as the mandate and the activities of the Arab Human Rights Committee. It then explains the drafting of the Court’s Statute, analyses the salient features of its Statute, which was concluded independently of the 2004 Charter, and makes pertinent comparisons with the European, Inter-American and African regional mechanisms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
They may also be delegated without payment to persons outside the family or be provided formally through an institution. The paid or unpaid delegation of caregiving to persons or institutions does not mean that the work or effort involved is simply replaced or eliminated. If the quality of the services or related infrastructure (for example, transport infrastructure) is not up to standard, these tasks may take longer or be more difficult to complete owing to the distances involved.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development are the OECD’s vehicle to mobilise higher education for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts local and regional development and help improve this impact. They investigate how higher education institutions contribute to human capital and skills development, technology transfer and business innovation, social, cultural and environmental development, and regional capacity building. The review process facilitates partnership building in regions by drawing together higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and work together towards them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
However, the total number of graduates in computing is small among all fields of education in Mexico, it makes up just 2.8% of bachelor’s level degrees and 2.4% of all tertian' education. However, Mexico also has a laige population of children in school, relative to other OECD countries, and Mexico’s expenditure per student remains low. In total public and private expenditure per student, Mexico spent less than the other 25 OECD countries with available data (OECD Education Statistics, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Firms with product, process, organisational or marketing innovations or with ongoing or abandoned product or process innovation activities. Market novelties are product innovations that are new to the firm’s market. Innovation co-operation as part of product or process innovation activities. Data for 2006-08 and 2008-10 only include R&D expenditures and expenditures for the acquisition of machinery, equipment, software and other external knowledge.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
AbstractThe modern State faces a torrent of laws and other regulations. Many of them are imperfectly, even badly done. ‘Legistics' or ‘legisprudence’ as research, teaching and learning of law-production tries to reduce quantity and improve quality of norms. It deals with analysis of norms, organisation and procedure of norm setting, content of law, legislative techniques and properly monitoring effective implementation of regulations. ‘Legislative Science’ wants to contribute to ‘better regulation’ as essential element of ‘good governance’. This paper presents a survey of problems and possible solutions of legislation, mainly – although not exclusively – under legal aspects of the Constitutional State of the Western Tradition, as imprinted by Human Rights, Democracy and Rule of Law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
On one hand, it presents the evidence generated by the different bodies of theory regarding the economic impact of broadband. The purpose is not only to summarize but also to present the complexities and conditions under which broadband has an impact. On the other hand, it reviews the results of research the author has conducted across the world measuring the impact of broadband on economic growth and employment creation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Every regulation regarding the PA or the management plan has to be made based on these consultations. At the county level, NEPA must ensure that consultations take place, and acts as the first filter through which documents must pass. In the case of forested PAs, income received from the use of the forests (for hunting, timber extraction, recreation) may be used for administration of the parks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The value in obtaining input from stakeholders, including women and women’s organisations, lies in obtaining, to the extent possible, a wide range of inputs for evidence-based decision making. This recognition was reflected in the Regional Charter on the importance of transparency in the regulatory and rule-making process. In this context, MENA countries often report undertaking public consultations when developing draft programmes or laws (Figure 4.9). Draft primary legislation - Yes, in some cases - Bahrain, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, No, not foreseen - Kuwait, Tunisia, No, but foreseen - Yemen.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Progress has been made in reducing maternal and child mortality, yet millions continue to  die from preventable causes. These deaths represent an accountability challenge and a  major concern shared by both the health and human rights communities. The Millennium  Development Goals (MDGs) commit to reducing these deaths. Powerful complementarities  exist between MDGs and human rights.1 The MDGs generate attention, mobilise resources  and contribute technical health monitoring approaches. Human rights offer a fundamental  emphasis on accountability, systematic and sustained attention to inequities and a legal  grounding of commitments. This knowledge summary explores human rights accountability  systems at community, country, regional and international levels and the potential synergies  for achieving both human rights and public health goals including, and beyond, the MDGs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For many, this means deferring or giving up on personal investment in education. Additionally, while wartime economies may provide job opportunities for some, for most the uncertainty of wartime violence undermines any efforts to secure work or to start building a career. Wartime economies provide young people with work as soldiers and spies, as guards and carriers of ammunition, and as cleaners and cooks in military camps. Young people are often forcibly recruited into armed groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The Country Background Report (2014) noted that proportionately fewer students enter SMK schools because of a lack of information on the potential job opportunities their programmes offer. Since 2012, the number of SMK institutions in Indonesia has increased from 10 256 to 11 727. The majority of SMKs are located in Java (57%) and Sumatra (21%).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The consolidated city of Changw'on started building a second Anmin tunnel at the end of 2016. The previous cities of Changw'on and Masan are connected through a congested general road and a bridge (Machang bridge, built in 2008). This bridge reduced the travel time from 35 minutes to just 7 minutes between the two cities. The construction of the bridge was privately financed (Hw'ang, 2016). Transit-oriented development: The Plan 2030 proposes a package of measures, including networking of railways (trunk line) and buses (feeder line). The city government negotiated with national and regional authorities to obtain intergovernmental grants for the construction of two subway lines, but its request w'as turned down due to low economic feasibility.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In Nepal, for example, during the 2015 earthquakes the national core telecommunications backbone, which had benefitted from significant investment, stayed functional. But other components of the network, such as cell phone towers, suffered significant impacts, making it difficult to restore communications to hard-hit areas. This experience illustrates the value of investment, but also the need to consider the complete service delivery chain.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The approach to some form of more ‘managed migration, negotiated and regulated between countries and regions, has been contingent on the growing realisation both that source countries cannot prevent migration and that accommodation to it might provide benefits, notably through remittances and return migration. It had a lengthy genesis, dating back at least to Nelson Mandela’s call in 1997 to regulate ‘poaching’, and the several regional codes, notably that for the Commonwealth and later the Pacific one. It also derived from the Commonwealth Secretariat’s Protocol for the Recruitment of Commonwealth Teachers (2004).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
More flexibility in the system aims at better utilisation of national quotas. The changes in the sector are demand driven, following a growing interest in sustainable production techniques. The effort aligns with the goal of Good Environmental Status by 2020, following the definition from the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
This was the strategy applied to overcome two potential limitations of surveillance under the previous IHR (1969): inadequate capacities at the local and national levels to fulfil surveillance, and government reluctance to comply for fear of the adverse consequences of reporting. However, such WHO authority and capabilities are not sufficiently used. The PHEIC determination is a single binary decision, and the Panel recommends that the IHR Review Committee for Ebola consider the possibility of alerts at an intermediate level to mobilize the international community (WHO Ebola Interim Assessment Panel, 2015, para. However, unlike in the case of the Polio response in which both communities collaborated on a daily basis, there were no routine procedures and protocols for the Ebola response.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The idea that “the dykes make up the state” has long shaped Dutch water policy, and managing water affairs remains essentially a core public activity. This is in part due to the highly specific challenge of maintaining w'ater levels at desired levels in extensive reclaimed areas. However, private enterprise has a role in actually implementing many water management activities, such as dredging and the construction of dykes, pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants. This overview is important to understand the institutional set-up that has a direct influence on water governance and financing frameworks in the Netherlands. Territorial decentralisation concerns the provinces and municipalities, which have, in principle, a broad responsibility while functional administrative bodies (e.g. regional water authorities) are responsible for one or more specific tasks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)