albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
These include those working on development and climate issues, as well as the private sector. Each of these communities has their own views on important issues for climate finance, some of which have been laid out as principles relating to climate finance effectiveness. These views and principles are often at the institutional, national or international level. Indeed, the extent of common ground has been growing over time, as the climate community has integrated principles agreed in the development community (e.g. via the Paris Declaration and Busan Partnership) and vice versa (e.g. on the importance of transparency). For example, all three communities agree that scaled-up climate finance is needed, that both public and private sources can play a key role, and that the (self-) sustainability of a project and transparency is important.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The present study found that, in a good number of cases (47 per cent), one tube-well was shared by 76-110 households (see table 2). In one slum, there was only one hand pump tube-well, which was shared by 170 households. In one slum, it was found that people mostly used water from the nearby river for bathing, washing dishes and clothes, and other daily activities, as it was free.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The project has been co-financed by the European Investment Bank (EIB) and several other donors. Japan, for example, provided funds to help rebuild the Jedrinje tunnel between Sarajevo and Mostar, while the EU, Italy, United States and Canada supported the project's planning stages. The project also includes support for administrative and regulatory reforms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In terms of the dynamics of the low road, gender inequality in the labour market means that when women do work for pay, whether they parent with partners or alone, it is financially challenging to replace their unpaid care work with high quality substitutes. It also means that becoming a mother, especially a lone mother, increases the risk of poverty as the financial and time demands of the household increase simultaneously. The poor state of the childcare system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, the prescription of a pain reliever was associated with a risk of non-medical use of prescription opioids some eight times higher than other predictors. Also consistent with findings in other recent reports, the European Union Medicine Study showed that the purchase of prescription opioids from online pharmacies also figured as one of the sources. Among other findings, polydrug use, particularly the use of illicit drugs among past-year non-medical prescription opioid users, was also quite common in the five European countries, ranging from 21 per cent of past-year users in Spain to 43 per cent in the United Kingdom. Similarly, those who obtained prescription opioids through theft, forgery or doctor-shopping were about twice as likely to have used illicit drugs as those who had not.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Fulfilling the reporting provisions on indicative future levels of climate finance will include projected future qualitative and quantitative information, where this is available (see Box 2). However, there are several systems or processes that collect some of the information required. Thus, the Common Tabular Format (CTF) agreed at COP 18 for developed country Parties includes tables for the provision of bilateral and multilateral public financial support (but does not include tables for information on climate finance mobilised). Although many Parties draw on Rio markers to report on climate finance to the UNFCCC, the figures derived from Rio markers may not be identical to the figures reported to the UNFCCC (see Annexes A and B). This project-level database covers bilateral and multilateral sources of finance and can be used to produce aggregate figures and to analyse climate-related development finance from various angles, e.g. mitigation/adaptation, financial instruments, recipients and channels of delivery. The CRS database is designed to avoid double counting, both across different providers and across project types (e.g. if a project addresses both mitigation and adaptation).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The effective communication of valuation results to decision makers and other relevant audiences, therefore, is crucial. It requires the use of appropriate terminology and communication tools and channels. Increasingly, such valuations need to be considered as a resource for decision making and in policy and project design (Laurans etal.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Much of the relevant literature on Africa downplays the salience of elections for policy-making and implementation. Instead, the importance of factors such as clientelism, ethnicity, organized interest groups, and donor influence, is emphasized. We argue that, in addition, elections now motivate political elites to focus on policies they perceive to be able to gain votes. This is based on analyses of six landmark decisions made during the last 15 years in the social, productive, and public finance sectors in Tanzania and Uganda. Such policies share a number of key characteristics: they are clearly identifiable with the party in power, citizens are targeted countrywide, and policy implementation aims at immediate, visible results.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Technical communication practices have been changed dramatically by the increasingly ubiquitous nature of digital technologies. Yet, while those who work in the profession have been living through this dramatic change, our academic discipline has been moving at a slower pace, at times appearing quite unsure about how to proceed. This article focuses on the following three areas of opportunity for change in our discipline in relation to digital technologies: access and expectations, scholarship and community building, and accountability and partnering.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
A safe court system for survivors was set up and the establishment of units to investigate sexual violence against minors has increased the capacity of police officials to enforce the law. The major issue is that children are not necessarily granted agency when they choose to head a household of friends or siblings because they perceive this as safer than an alternative of having an older male in a household. These children should receive all forms of social protection available to adults in their position, including access to sex education, ongoing support to cope with the pressure on them to have sex or to use transactional sex as payment, and to keep them safe from abuse and from feelings of vulnerability that arise from being placed in the care of males who are expected to keep them safe. The interests of the child need to be paramount.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
A good tool for this is to ensure correct marking of known monuments and sites and cultural environments in the forest management plan. In forests there will be numerous monuments and sites not automatically protected because of age. Also among these there are valuable monuments and sites that shall be taken into consideration. Important landscape ecology features that cross property lines shall also be considered as far as possible on smaller parcels as well.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
That is, in an inequitable world, efficiency can be improved by imposing higher carbon prices in richer countries. This is not to suggest that the problem of climate change can be solved in high-income countries alone. Rather, it means that it is equitable for richer countries to invest in more costly measures, higher up on their marginal abatement curves.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Over the period 1990-2011, a permanent trend is observed of increasing the tree biomass stock (by 30 per cent for coniferous species and 26 per cent for deciduous species). In spite of the decrease in emissions observed, the share of the removals in the total GHG emissions (in CO2 eq) is still remarkable. The reason for this is that the emissions in the other sectors have dropped dramatically.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
There is often not enough space to accommodate people who live in high-risk zones within the boundaries of one local government unit. Permanent resettlement to another local government unit is very difficult to accomplish given the lack of funds, and limited co-ordination within and between municipalities and cities that would be necessary to provide land and livelihoods for informal settlers. The build back better mentality promoted by risk management initiatives (that aims to restore the infrastructure and livelihoods in the same at-risk areas), often compounds the problem, given the lack of resources and co-operation necessary to adequately protect people and infrastructure with adequate long-term mitigation and prevention measures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
A number of institutions and climate funds have outlined the need for a “transformational change” or “paradigm shift” (GCF, 2013) as part of their core mandates and objectives. However, these concepts are often vague or undefined. Nevertheless, assessing whether an intervention has been effective at delivering such transformational change will require an ability to monitor progress in these areas. In general, transformational changes typically involve longer-term, scaled-up impacts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Sustainability Advantage is a business support service from the Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW. It is designed to help organisations understand sustainability, successfully manage for a better environment and add business value79. Industry' Investment NSW offers “LEAN and green” business master classes for people who want to leam how they can improve business efficiency through the application of “lean” business practices, coupled with environmental sustainability, to reduce costs, increase profits, open new markets and create jobs . Despite initiatives like these, it is not always easy for SMEs to take up training opportunities in skills for sustainability.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In the first AHDR, the authors expressed a desire for education indicators allowing comparisons of education functions and outcomes, such as graduation rates, per capita spending, educator recruitment and retention and so on (Johansson et al., The lack of consistent primary and secondary education data across circumpolar regions continues to be a problem, the Arctic Social Indicators project only includes post-secondary indicators, which is symptomatic of this problem (Rasmussen et al., Our hope is that there is a movement among circumpolar nations to collect and disseminate consistent and comparable data on primary and secondary education before another decade passes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Such reforms will be vital to foster investments, put in place strategic water policies and ensure coherent implementation. Good governance of the water sector is essential to achieving sustainability, whether in terms of economic growth, environmental health or social well-being, and to finding a balance among them. By “water governance” we mean the rules and practices for decision-making on water, and how these decisions are translated into action. Governance is distinct from water management, which refers to operational, on-the-ground activity to align water resources, supply, consumption and recycling.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Its provisions set out the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out, and it could thus be argued that UNCLOS relates to almost all SDG-14 targets. Of particular relevance is the legal framework for the protection and preservation of the marine environment set out in Part XII of UNCLOS. It sets out the general obligation for States to protect and preserve the marine environment (article 192), and includes a number of provisions which elaborate on this obligation. These two parts relate directly to targets 14.2 and 14.5, but also to 14.4.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Accreditation should be made mandatory for all initial teacher education programmes in public and private universities as a step towards ensuring new teachers are well-prepared and qualified. A national examination should be introduced to recruit candidates to the teaching profession on the basis of more direct measures of teaching aptitude. A formal induction and probation period would help to ensure that beginner teachers are supported and those with potential remain in the profession. Establish a framework for teacher appraisal.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Table C 3 substitutes information about adolescent fertility with information about contraceptive prevalence rate, which is the percentage of women aged 15 to 49 who are practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. The results indicate that an increase in the proportion of women using a contraceptive method goes hand in hand with a reduction in child poverty. This finding thus seems to support the idea that the risk of poverty is reduced when unforeseen births are lower.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The latter is the responsibility of the Czech School Inspectorate (CSI). Mandatory external school evaluations are conducted in a 3-year cycle. These involve, for each school in the system, a sequence of activities comprising a preparatory phase for the school, a visit by a team of inspectors including the observation of teaching and learning in the classroom, the publication of the team’s report, and a follow-up phase to respond to the recommendations in the report which typically involves the organising bodies (regions and municipalities).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Often they are also unable to engage in productive economic activities and, along with their dependent children, elderly or sick under their care, subsequently suffer from abject poverty and deprivation (Chapter 3). Marginalized by their community, some women support polygamy in the often-vain hope that it will offer protection for themselves and their children (Chapter 7). Recruitment practices often fail to reach out to pools of qualified and interested female candidates, as is demonstrated by strikingly low rates of female participation within many of the institutions of the security sector, including the police services and armed forces. Even when women do gain access, they face considerable difficulties in coping with discrimination, harassment and violence, all of which pose formidable barriers to women’s retention and promotion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In this way, BIEM achieves the “critical mass" needed to realise projects with wide ranging impact. The annual budget of EUR 100 000 EUR is financed by the European Structural Funds, the Ministry of Economics of Brandenburg, and other project-related revenues (e.g. fees for services). Each partner organisation runs additional projects and employs additional personnel according to projects or the overall management of an entrepreneurship institute/centre. This new "structure” contributes to building stronger linkages between the university's internal and external support services and to integrate entrepreneurship education and start-up support services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
These activities have an impact on the air, surface water and groundwater, soil, wildlife and human populations. The environmental impacts of pipelines are mainly related to the risk of an oil or gas leak or spillage, and are location specific. The construction of the pipeline left a highly visible scar across the landscape. In addition, the field joint coating of the pipeline has been controversial over the claim that SPC 2888, the sealant used, was not properly tested.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Bitcoin, blockchain’s first application, is widely known as an environmental polluter, consuming massive amounts of energy and emitting vast amounts of CO2 in order to validate transactions and sustain the network. However, concerns of this nature hold true only for specific applications of the underlying technology. Section 1.3 describes how blockchain can be deployed in an energy-efficient way.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The consumption of biomass for heating and electricity in the EU has grown significantly since 2005. According to the data provided in the National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs) prepared by individual EU countries, biomass consumption for heating and electricity is expected to increase from 86.5 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in 2012 to 110.5 Mtoe in 2020. While most of the EU's solid biomass consumption will still be met by domestic supplies, a supply gap of about 21.4 Mtoe is projected for 2020.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The purpose of this article is to outline developments in UN training programmes in negotiation, and civil military coordination. The article seeks to engage positively with critical assessments of peacekeeping and peacebuilding. It demonstrates that by making military peacekeepers aware of non-violent solutions to potentially violent situations (through negotiation skills for instance), and also of the peacekeeping/peacebuilding nexus (for example through civil–military coordination), there are signs of a deepening understanding of principles of conflict resolution by those who run UN peacekeeping structures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Differences and similarities of various aspects of IBB systems such as mono-media, application format, and application types are presented. For the DVB area, DVB-RCT is specified as described in Report ITU-R BT.2025 [10.16]. The idea is that the broadcast receiver makes use of its receiving antenna to link back interactive information to the broadcast transmitter.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In November 2016 the Investigatory Powers Act ('IPA') received Royal Assent. IPA was hailed by the Government as bringing the UK’s surveillance framework into the 21st Century and better allowing security and intelligence agencies to combat terrorism and serious crime. IPA raises a range of concerns, with its progress through Parliament marked by sustained opposition from civil liberties groups. One of the most controversial aspects of IPA is the bulk communications data retention and disclosure framework in Parts 3 and 4. This article concerns the compatibility of that framework with EU law in light of CJEU decisions in Digital Rights Ireland ('DRI') and Watson. It will begin by briefly providing some background, will then broadly set out the requirements that can be determined from these decisions, and will proceed to take a more detailed analysis of these requirements in relation to Parts 3 and 4 IPA.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
While in principle AFTA is a preferential arrangement, in practice its discriminatory elements are relatively minor since its rules of origin threshold is lower than most preferential agreements. Nevertheless, the preferential tariff arrangements for ASEAN and China have promoted a strong presence of fruit and vegetables from these countries in Indonesia. On 1 January 2000, in response to pressure from farmers, a specific tariff on rice and rice flour of IDR 430/kg (USD 51/tonne) was introduced, replacing a 5% ad valorem rate.32 This specific tariff was equivalent to an ad valorem rate of approximately 20% using the average export price for 15% broken rice from Thailand for 2000 and an exchange rate of IDR 8 395per USD.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This paper examines conflicts in polices in England and Wales pertaining to the demand for alternative, non-medical crisis support for those experiencing ‘psychosis’. We examine the limitations of current treatment, policy and legislative frameworks in supporting these demands. In particular, we focus on the limitations of prevailing conceptualisations of ‘human rights’, ‘social inclusion’ and ‘recovery’. These concepts, we argue, are embedded within a broader treatment framework which renders medication as mandatory and all other treatment modalities as inherently subsidiary, and a broader policy framework which is complicit with bio-medical orthodoxies of ‘mental illness’ and prioritises treatment compliance and compulsion. Therefore, in order to advance a ‘human rights’ approach to mental health policy, we argue that reigning orthodoxies inherent within policy and practice must be explicitly challenged to open up spaces for the availability of alternatives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Other kinds of data that go beyond a snapshot in time are needed to capture this kind of complexity, including those derived from panel or longitudinal surveys or from research that focuses on family histories. Other mixed method and interdisciplinary research can support informed policy-making, by providing contextual qualitative evidence to shed light on family dynamics and change. These types of research require generous, long-term investment, ideally from public funds. Lack of data on asset ownership, resource distribution and the economic contributions of each household member limits the understanding of women's economic position within families.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The last 15 years have seen many developments in Australian public interest disclosure or ‘whistleblower protection’ legislation. Since 1993, every Australian public law jurisdiction has enacted or introduced such legislation, and in 2004 comparable provisions were extended into Australian corporate law, and to a lesser extent workplace relations (2007). Further, the new Commonwealth Labor government has committed to introduce new ‘best practice’ public interest disclosure legislation for federal officials. This article presents key results from a comparative analysis of existing legislative regimes, focusing on five issues: who may disclose wrongdoing in the public interest, the types of wrongdoing that may be disclosed, the protection of ‘public’ as opposed to internal or regulatory whistleblowing, compensation mechanisms for aggrieved whistleblowers, and how best to codify the obligations of all employers — public or private — towards employees who blow the whistle in the public interest. This analysis...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This value is based on the WTO definition of agricultural products which does not include fish and fish products. Petrobras is a semi-public Brazilian multinational energy corporation. Petrobras’s activities include the exploration and production of oil and natural gas, oil refining, transportation and distribution of natural gas and oil products, electricity generation and petrochemical production. The different perspectives are summarised, for example, in Box 1.1, “The impact of agriculture on the Brazilian Amazon” in OECD (2005), and in FGV (2013), pp.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
However, there is no such perfect control group due to the geographical, economic and social specificities of each area. Empirical economists working on evaluations of such projects have found ways to deal, under certain hypotheses, with the “counterfactual problem”. Moving from the ideal evaluation via a randomised experiment (rarely able to be performed properly and usually costly), to evaluation techniques such as matching, regression discontinuity, instrumental variables and selection of observables relies on strong assumptions. The literature has come up with solutions that need to be carefully considered before applying them. A combination of country-level and project level monitoring helps to understand whether the overall level of action at the time of assessment is adequate. However, the combination of project and national-level evaluations is in practice extremely difficult.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)