albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
To boost Kaznex Invest’s effectiveness in attracting investors to the key strategic sectors, the government of Kazakhstan requested a review of Kaznex Invest operations from the OECD and a benchmarking in relation to best practices in other agencies, with a view to making adjustments in its mandate, structure, or operations (OECD, 2015d). Investment Promotion Agency of Kazakhstan: how well is it doing? ( Only 5% of total FDI inflows were estimated to have been directly generated by Kaznex Invest in 2013, as compared to 11% in Nicaragua or 33% in Czech Republic. Reasons for this relatively poor performance included, the relatively large mandate of the institution, which resulted in lesser attention given to investment promotion and facilitation, its focus on serving the needs of the ministry1 rather than of investors, and a lack of clear strategy', well-identified priority sectors and key performance indicators that were outcome- rather than process-oriented and in line with the pre-identified strategy .
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Extract   -----   Bibliography:  Faure, Samuel B. H.: FIFTY SOCIOLOGICAL SHADES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY. The case of EU Peacekeeping Policy, ERIS – European Review of International Studies, 2-2018, pp. 41-55.   https://doi.org/10.3224/eris.v5i2.03
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For our purposes, the land use allocation structure is extended by taking into account that the degree of substitutability differs between types of land (Huang et al., It distinguishes different types of land in a nested 3-level CET structure. The model covers several types of land use with different suitability levels for various crops (i.e. cereal grains, oilseeds, sugar cane/sugar beet and other agricultural uses). The transformation is governed by the elasticity of transformation ol.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Many of the recommendations made in that chapter are directly applicable to screening and preventive health care. Currently, only health care activities are documented, for reimbursement purposes. Extending this to include blood pressure, blood sugar and other clinical measurements will allow more informative assessment of the success of secondary preventive efforts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
A sample of random gender marker audits will be undertaken each year to improve accuracy (ensuring regional balance). Guidelines for integrat-ing gender in reviews, assessments, evaluations and audits (drawing on existing tools including IRRF, gender marker, etc.) Accountability tools such as the gender marker, ROAR data and gender parity data will inform its meetings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Technology development and technology-based start-ups and businesses, in addition to traditional communications and marketing agencies, have a central part to play in supporting the development of tourism and tourism policy in the region. Yet, rural tourism is, so far, under explored in Morelos and is missing an integrated strategy that would tackle the different dimensions necessary for its success. There were around 1 000 participants in these events. Lack of financing and access to credit as well as increased taxes and other costs are currently a major challenge for tourism SMEs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In Sovremennoe sostoyanie I puti razvi-tiya korennykh malochislennykh narodov Severa, Sibiri I Dal'nego Vostoka Rossiiskoi Federat-sii, V.A. Shtyrov (Ed.) ( The current status and the development of indigenous minorities of the North, Siberia and Far East of the Russian Federation). Moscow: Sovet Federatsii Federalnogo Sobraniya Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Russian Federation Council), pp. A feasibility study for the harvest of grey and bowhead whales to meet the cultural, traditional and nutritional requirements of the indigenous peoples of Chukotka for the years 2003-2007.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Based on app-ordered minibus services that optimised routes in real-time, the service promised flexible, on-demand microtransit in central Helsinki at an attractive price for riders. Trips cost a base fee of EUR 1.50 plus an additional EUR 0.15 per direct-route kilometre (due to the nature of the service, actual service deviated from the direct route due to additional pick-ups and drop-offs). The project was the first of its kind bringing together microtransit and an app-enabled on-demand booking/payment environment but ultimately was not renewed in 2016 due to uneconomic performance linked to two design flaws.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Some institutions who do report on these other activities also providing modelling estimates for those activities’ C02 impacts, (e.g. CIF, 2011 and GEF, 2011b). Additionally, a number of institutions include indicators on policies implemented or capacity building activities held (e.g. USG, 2012, IDB, 2012, KfW, 2011, and GoP, n.d.). While these interventions may not lead directly to GHG reductions, increasing technical knowledge and capacity can help facilitate enhanced mitigation actions subsequently.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The below table gives an overview of the elements of the agreement and the decision that includes references to synergies, alongside a clarification of the type of mitigation and adaptation relation expressed in that element. Yet it does consider ecosystem approaches as an inherent part of the encouraged action covered by article 5 and 6 in the text of the Agreement. Synergies in the forest sector is explicitly mentioned with the JMA.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
An additional shortcoming is that information on South-South cooperation flows is limited. This paper provides examples of South-South cooperation, but a more systematic analysis would yield a more complete picture. The private sector is also engaged in a number of initiatives to promote digital connectivity and e-commerce skills, which are also not captured in the OECD CRS database.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Again, programmes emphasizing one-to-one and group education are likely to be most beneficial, and might initially be based on geographically identified areas of high need. Simple, low-cost interventions reorganising the way screening services are offered in primary care clinics have been shown to be effective in increasing uptake rates amongst disadvantaged localities, at least in the short term (Roetzbeim et al., The Czech Republic needs to look for quality improvements across the whole pathway of care for patients with cancer.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Gender differences in educational attainment imply that these highly rewarded high-skill workers will be predominantly female and increasingly disadvantaged low-skill workers will be predominantly male. The gender gap in educational attainment can therefore have far reaching labor market implications. When it comes to documenting the trends, the emphasis in this article will be on crosscountry comparisons.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It can be seen that there are none for reserved seats, but that there are for the number of female candidates. Columbia has gone furthest, establishing that at least 30% of posts at the highest decision-making level and at other decision-making levels in the public administration must be held by women (Law 581 of 2000). Why should there be a particular interest in studying and understanding female enterprise, though?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Their main motivations were to provide more responsive services for patients, increase community involvement in the organisation, and enhance staff morale. Autonomy was valued insofar as it enabled the development of more responsive services to patients and served as a lever to motivate staff to provide better patient services (Mannion et al., It concluded that incentives and the capacity to make use of autonomy need to be present if organisational freedom is to generate changed behaviours.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Wheat was mostly replaced by forage crops during the 1990s, and abstraction rose again (Figure 4) as fodder, unlike wheat, is harvested up to three times a year. Cumulative abstraction for the period 1975-2004 was 29 BCM or 29 times what was predicted in 1984 [1,000 MCM).5' The drop in abstraction in the early 1990s is most likely due to a decrease in global wheat prices, which was also reflected in other basins. Currently, wheat is the main winter crop and, together with fruit and vegetables (potatoes, tomatoes and watermelon), constitutes about 35% of the total annual crops.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This is due to the rise in agricultural incomes in rural areas, which partly offset the fall in other incomes and the rise in consumer prices. In Cameroon, absolute changes in child urban poverty rates over the simulated crisis period are around 1 percentage point larger than in rural areas, but high population in rural areas make its absolute contribution to national poverty stronger. In Burkina Faso the crisis mainly affects children living in rural areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The high number of companies indicates that the waste service market is in the early stage of development. Modem waste management recommends that a city is served by one company. A Study of Waste Management of Households in Ulaanbaatar Based on Questionnaire Surveys, 2016, Batbileg, T., Sambuu-Yondon, M. and Purev, B. (2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
It has also brought numerous issues related to cases whereby one person buys the titles for a piece of land, after being granted approval by the current Assembly of Ejidos, but the future leaders and administrators of the next Assembly of Ejidos may choose not to recognise the authorisation and, given the lack of officially-recorded evidence, a person is forced to pay for the same plot of land several times without ever gaining official recognition. This has also created situations in which a same plot of land belongs to several people and, due to the fact that the transfer is unrecorded, after some time people lose track of who the land belongs to. As such, during mission trips stakeholders reported the relative ease with which constructions could be undertaken on ejido soil based on the relationship of the ejidatarios with municipal authorities, often with limited compliance with urban norms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The analysis focuses on reading achievement, drawing on data from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). We use several measures to operationalize the two concepts of inequality in education. Our results show that inequality of outcome does not necessarily go hand in hand with inequality of opportunity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Corporate governance theory suggests that companies with dispersed and indirect ownership suffer from agency costs. A worst case is where several political authorities jointly own a company, which allows managers to operate with inferior efficiency. In political economy, the manager is not the major agency problem. Elected politicians may impair efficiency to improve their re-election prospects. Since politicians have less influence in jointly owned firms, such companies are expected to perform better than those owned by a single public authority. Consistent with corporate governance, but not political economy, the empirical analysis suggests that dispersed municipal ownership impairs cost efficiency. In the Norwegian case of municipal refuse collection presented here, costs of dispersed ownership often outstrip gains from economies of scale. Use of jointly owned companies is not necessarily a proper response to efficiency problems inherent a fragmented local government structure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In its schedules, it gave priority to irrigated farming. ( For this reason, since 1993, the Toktogul cascade of reservoirs has sharply increased the volume of water accumulated in reservoirs over the summer and discharged in the winter. This change in scheduling allows Kyrgyzstan to benefit from producing hydroelectricity at winter times when the demand for it is the highest. Several big-size reservoirs of long-term and seasonal control regulate water flow' in the basin. These reservoirs, Toktogul, Kairakkum, Shardara, Andojan and Charvak, focus on providing irrigation water for Central-Asian republics (Antipova et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The Closing the Gaps by 2015: The Texas Higher Education Plan, adopted in 2000, aims to make all high school graduates college-ready and close the gaps between young people from different backgrounds in higher education participation and success, in educational excellence, and in funded research. One key element of the plan is the use of performance data to monitor progress towards the plan’s goals. Each postsecondary institution is required to provide targets and report progress. Focusing on the four target areas of Closing the Gaps, the Texas Higher Education Accountability System tracks performance in higher education institutions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Climate finance was also on the agenda of development finance negotiations in 20152, emphasising a growing priority to better understand and manage the co-benefits and trade-offs between financing for sustainable development and climate change. The growing recognition of the urgency to act on climate change and the importance of financing for development heighten the need to ensure that finance is effectively allocated, disbursed and delivered. This paper, and the underpinning qualitative research upon which the findings rest, explores the question “what enables effective international climate finance in the context of development cooperation?”
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The purpose of the Rio markers was originally to track the mainstreaming of environmental considerations into development co-operation rather than providing a quantification of finance. This regulation stipulates that “where relevant or applicable” under the UNFCCC, member states “shall endeavour to provide information on financial flows”. Information on climate finance mobilised is available in the MDB’s latest report (MDBs, 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The 2010 Kampala Amendments to the Rome Statute empowered the International Criminal Court to prosecute the ‘supreme crime’ under international law: the crime of aggression. This landmark commentary provides the first analysis of the history, theory, legal interpretation and future of the crime of aggression. As well as explaining the positions of the main actors in the negotiations, the authoritative team of leading scholars and practitioners set out exactly how countries have themselves criminalized illegal war-making in domestic law and practice. In light of the anticipated activation of the Court’s jurisdiction over this crime in 2017, this book offers a comprehensive legal analysis of how to understand the material and mental elements of the crime of aggression as defined at Kampala. Alongside with The Travaux Preparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (2011), this the commentary provides definitive resource for anyone concerned with the illegal use of force. Forthcoming Title
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, the stimulus that these policies provide are very small at the macroeconomic level, and are far from fully counteracting the crisis’ negative effects on real GDP growth (figure 13). The policy of cash transfers appears to be the least effective in this sense, although its results are not enormously different from those produced by the VAT reduction policy or elimination of customs tariffs on food products. These results are consistent with expectations at the macroeconomic level, indeed, if the simulated policies can provide a rapid response to the socioeconomic harm of the crisis, their effects are only transitory and, as a consequence, are not sustained enough to address alone concerns about economic recovery. To effectively boost growth, specific policies would have to be implemented to encourage accumulation and efficient use of production factors, along with improved productivity. However, measures which flow from such policies are not generally applied immediately and cannot be seen as rapid responses in cases of exogenous shocks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
On top of basic competences all teacher training has to continue fleshing out the teaching methodology for the use of ICT and feature it in the training to a sufficient extent. Further training organisations are expected to include a high standard of opportunities in teaching the implementation of the new' cross-curriculum final objectives and developmental objectives. The idea cannot be to call upon the services of an ICT co-ordinator w'henever a problem crops up, as the official cannot be on tap at all times. Self-reliance means the teachers themselves are capable of solving problems to do with the use of a computer. (“
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Promoting Social Justice through Pre-K—12 Multicultural Literature is a graduate course at Elmhurst College in which social studies teachers learn to take a leadership role in their classrooms and communities by infusing social justice topics into their existing curricula. The study of multiculturalism alongside issues such as environmentalism, war, abuse, immigration, and genocide takes place weekly through the study of short stories, picture books, movies, articles, and journal reflections. The teachers create an annotated bibliography of picture books, related to a multicultural issue they have chosen, which they have analyzed for bias. The class culminates with the infusion of James A. Banks's social action approach into a unit of study designed to help elementary and middle school students disseminate their information to a wider audience and take a step toward the recognition of social injustice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The chapter presents an analysis of the EU primary law concerning cultural rights’ guarantees: the right to respect for private and family life, the right to marry and the right to found a family, the freedom of thought, conscience and religion and freedom of arts. The provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, in accordance with its Preamble, confirm the rights transpiring from the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). As it can be seen on the basis of the analysed case-law of the ECtHR, it is justified to adopt a thesis on the existence of the right to the protection against the culture of the country of origin. This right protects an individual against the elements of an oppressive social culture, whose manifestations might lead to a risk of inhuman treatment in the case of a return of a foreign national to the country of origin.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, the decline in inequality has been much more modest. Eduardo Olaberria is senior economist and Latin America Coordinator in the Country Studies Branch in the Economics Department of the OECD. This paper was originally prepared for the OECD Economic Survey of Chile published in November 2015 under the authority of the Economic and Development Review Committee.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This national partnership between the Ministry of Education and the main stakeholders and municipalities/counties (2009-14) aims to increase the quality and status of the teaching profession, teacher education and school leadership. A yearly teacher recruitment campaign is an important part of GNIST. Another initiative is the development of National Guidelines for Differentiated Primary and Lower Secondary Teacher Education Programmes for Years 1-7 and Years 5-10 (2010 and 2013) to support implementation of the new teacher education reform. Furthermore, a national four-year programme to improve formative assessment at the school level, Assessment for Learning (2010), is already showing positive results.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Policies contributing to emissions are also under review. Their report shows that between 2002 and 2008 there was a 16.8% increase in the combined carbon footprint of all Dutch holidaymakers, to a total of 15.6 million tonnes of C02 in 2008 (Table 4). This is equivalent to 9% of all C02 emissions from the Netherlands in that year as calculated under the Kyoto Protocol.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
While most countries have adopted broadband policies or strategies, more infrastructure investments are necessary to ensure reliable connections and universal access to ICTs. However, access to ICTs is not enough. Additional efforts are needed to strengthen domestic capacity, especially in digital literacy, higher education and other research institutions, to better exploit the full benefits of ICTs and set sustainable growth paths for the future. Access to new knowledge, innovation, and new technologies can catalyse efforts and contribute to faster achievement of many of the SDGs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Most of the latter moved to the centre of Israel which offers better labour market opportunities and higher salaries. For example, in 1980s and 1990s, there were more than 40 policy plans prepared by three separate governmental offices in addition to the Jewish Agency and two other national authorities. Numerous other plans have been formulated by various interested parties (Katz, 1982, Yiftachel, 1992, CHE, 1993, Placing the North in the Center, 2007, Goldshmidt, 2008, Horovitz and Brodet, 2008, Makov Report, 2009).11 A lack of co-ordination, together with significant fragmentation and conflicting approaches to planning and goals between the various agencies explains why so many of the plans were delayed or failed to be implemented (Yiftachel, 1992.)
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
However, this distinction misses opportunities as the deployment of new technologies creates needs besides capital-intensive infrastructure. For example, more concessional resources in “soft” infrastructure, such as strengthening education and digital skills, can result in faster growth and progression in the digital economy. In addition, the spread of new technologies and the growing importance of the ICT ecosystem necessitates further breakdown of ICT sector codes in the CRS.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In those countries, the proportion of couples where the male partner works 30 to 39 hours per week and the woman over 40 is also higher than in other European countries (results not shown). The “main-breadwinner model” is, at 34.8% (Figure 4.9, grey bars) the most common in German couple families, followed by the traditional “male-breadwinner model” where the mother is inactive or unemployed (23.9%, white bars). In France, the combination of two full-time earners is much more common with couples most likely choosing dual reduced full-time, or one partner working full-time and the other partner working between 30 and 39 hours. The third most common practice in France is the “dual full-time earner model”. The distribution of work arrangements in which the male partner does not work is much the same in both countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For seven LDCs, including five island LDCs, this deficit exceeds the total value of merchandise exports, for 16 more, it exceeds one fifth of their merchandise export revenues. They are exporters of crude oil (Angola, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Yemen), petroleum products (Benin, Rwanda) or uranium (Niger). Angola’s energy surplus is by far the largest, amounting to $45 billion annually in 2014-2016 — three times the combined trade balance of all other surplus LDCs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)