albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
As an example, the governments of Australia and New Zealand have jointly developed the National Water Quality Management Strategy (NWQMS), the components of which may be incorporated into state and territory legislation, in varying degrees across jurisdictions. In Canada, inter-jurisdictional transboundary water governance mechanisms (such as the International Joint Commission, the Mackenzie River Basin Board and the Prairie Provinces Water Board) serve as collaborative forms to address issues of water quality and quantity. In a first category of countries, these functions are carried out by ministerial departments and/or public agencies, in a second category of countries, such duties rely on specific regulatory agencies in the water sector, and a third category of countries, in the middle of the continuum, significant regulatory powers are granted to specific actors at national level. In Mexico, most environmental regulatory powers are in the hands of the Federal Commission for Protection against Health Risks (Comision Federal para la Proteccion contra Riesgos Sanitarios).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This article explores the reception of John Dewey’s philosophical pragmatism by scholars in African American religion and ethics and argues that Dewey’s usefulness in these disciplines has not yet run dry. Cornel West and Eddie S. Glaude Jr. have drawn on Dewey’s work to inform their scholarship on black religion. In response to Glaude’s account of “post-soul politics” (by which he means the contemporary political struggle for racial justice, which is frustrated by excessive deference to the civil rights and black power movements), I suggest that cultivating a virtue of improvisation can facilitate democratic progress. Drawing on Dewey and Ralph Ellison to imagine such a virtue, I argue that improvisation could help democratic moral agents respond well to contemporary crises such as the mass incarceration of black men. I conclude that resources are available in black communities for democratic Christians to use in the struggle against racial injustice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
ATCk restricts its jurisdiction by imposing some doctrines such as minimum contact, forum non-convenience, political question, international commuty and act of state doc trine. Besides that, it also ignores the international criminal law principles such as pre sumption of innocence, expeditious trial, equity ofarms and the atendance ofthe suspect in the court. The existence of par im parem in habet Imperium principle recognized in international law causes the decision of American Courtis meaningless.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Dans le cours de cette etude, les comparaisons sont realisees entre l’EFP et la formation academique a niveau d’education equivalent: ainsi, les resultats de la premiere option (3e option) sont compares a ceux de la deuxieme option (4e option). Selon les objectifs poursuivis, d’autres comparaisons sont possibles et pourraient dresser un tableau different par rapport a celui presente dans cette etude.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The second round table was co-chaired by Noel Nelson Messone (Gabon) and the Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation and Head of the Federal Agency for Forestry of the Russian Federation, Ivan Valentik. The Co-Chair (Mr. Valentik) summarized the discussion on renewed commitments to the implementation of the international arrangement on forests beyond 2015, saying that the round table had provided a good opportunity to share experiences on best practices and lessons learned. In emphasizing their countries’ commitment to combating deforestation and forest degradation, some participants gave examples of how their forest-related priorities and objectives had been incorporated within broader sustainable development strategies. Meanwhile, a number of participants described ways in which forests in their countries contributed to wider policy objectives, including ecotourism, the promotion of health and well-being and the development of a green economy, and the importance of taking these wider objectives into account when formulating and implementing forest policies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In an urban barrio on the outskirts of a Bolivian city, the municipal government engages in a variety of techniques to regulate and manage the illegal settlers and the lands they occupy on the urban periphery. These forms of governmentality are underscored by a paternalist discourse that enjoins barrio residents to embrace urban inclusion as part of a generalized urban Bolivian family. Barrio residents desire such inclusion as a path to citizenship and the socioeconomic rights that such belonging entails, but are skeptical of paternalist rhetoric and the claims of Bolivian politicians to be 'good fathers' to their barrio children. This article examines the engagement between municipal leaders and barrio residents in the struggle to subject one urban neighborhood to state authority.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This is important in MODA as its primary focus is not on composite indices. However, the equal weighting scheme is also used when a composite index is presented within MODA.21 Evidently, other choices can be made and defended when the objectives of the analysis are different. To avoid making arbitrary decisions, the current interactive applications of MODA present the outcomes for all possible cut-off points, and thus incorporate all three methods. The union approach is used to identify all of the deprived, since any deprivation is seen as a non-fulfilment of children's rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The Caribbean is the most tourism-dependent region in the world, with Antigua/Barbuda and Aruba topping the list. On the other end of the scale, the least tourism-dependent countries are Guinea Bissau and Papua New Guinea. Funded by the UK Travel Foundation with assistance from CRSTDP and EU, First Choice and TUI.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Both Embrapa and Oepas implement R&D projects considered most relevant. The federal role in rural extension is more focused on family agriculture and led by the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA). In the case of public organisations these systems are closely linked to federal and state ministries or secretaries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In the case of technological disasters, there is sometimes no precedent for a given disaster. The full impact of such disasters cannot always be fully anticipated or measured. This topic should include information on the identification and characterization of different types of events, including information on type of disaster, location, date of occurrence and duration.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It also fuels mistrust which hinders long-term investments and restricts possibilities for gaining funding from the traditional banking sector which finances practically all working capital, infrastructure works and machinery and equipment purchase. In addition, and under agreements between the international NGO Rainforest Alliance and the government, and in programmes such as those implemented by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) in conjunction with Grupo Financiero de Occidente (FIDOSA), medium-term financing mechanisms have been adopted along with technical assistance giving access to credit for the forestry sector. Nonetheless, concessions displaying a poor economic performance have slim chances of benefiting from such mechanisms. The Central National School of Agriculture (ENCA) offers specialist technical courses leading to the qualifications of Forestry Expert and Technician in Conservation and Management of the Tropical Forest.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The data are collected by the World Health Organization (WHO) annually and show solid and linear growth over the period 2003-2013. The growth of the number of connected institutions has grown an impressive 600 per cent from an original baseline in 2003 of 792 connected institutions to 5 584 at the end of 2013. The monitoring of the adoption of eHealth strategies is proposed as another data source. An eHealth strategy can be a good indication of a government's view of the importance of eHealth and the role it will play in strengthening the health sector, including the building of connectivity. The WHO Global Observatory for eHealth reports that the number of countries with eHealth strategies is showing a steady rise. In 2009, 55 countries indicated that they had eHealth strategies and in 2013 this number had grown to 85.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The goal is to group the water users of these 11 small central irrigation systems in a bigger water users association in order to have better understanding of the situation and then to streamline the rehabilitation of these systems. The second component is related to river basin management. The project will contribute to improving the monitoring network through the purchasing of equipment for real-time water quality monitoring, developing a GIS database and training Agency “Apele Moldovei” specialists.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Linking existing education information systems to labour market information and making better use of assessment information are needed to raise performance, and greater attention to presently overlooked disadvantaged students is needed. National education policy makers in Lithuania sometimes lack the organisational and analytical capacity to play the convening and steering role for which they are responsible. Likewise, education institutions sometimes lack the capacity for self-management they need in a system providing wide autonomy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
These diverse concepts were explored but not fully resolved at the 2012 Rio+20 conference. Ethiopia is one of the first countries in Africa to embrace these concepts. Ethiopia’s challenge is to improve economic growth, as part of what is required to eliminate poverty, while avoiding the environmental damage that would both undermine its productive natural resource base and contribute to global climate problems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
They are governed by councils whose functions and duties include governing their institution and appointing its vice-chancellor or chief executive. Expenditure on educational institutions at all levels is 7.3% of GDP, above the OECD average of 6.3% (see Figure 8). Between 2005 and 2010, New Zealand has increased its spending by 0.8 percentage points, above the OECD average of 0.4 percentage points. As in most OECD countries, a large portion of expenditure on educational institutions comes from public sources (82.6%, compared to the OECD average of 83.6%).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
School autonomy in content, hiring and salaries is also associated with higher student learning outcomes on average (Hanushek et al., The decomposition results show that 11% of the explained part of the achievement gap is driven by differences in the responsibility for curriculum and resources. The first term on the right hand-side corresponds to the part of the differential in educational performance attributable to observed individual, school and teacher characteristics, that is, how much students in the bottom quartile would score differently if they had the same individual and school characteristics as students in the top quartile ESCS. The second term, the return effect, shows how much low ESCS students would hypothetically be better if they experience the same production process of schooling given their own characteristics. For instance, the provision of extra-curricular activities in schools is also a driver of socio-economic gaps in achievement. Having creative extra-curricular activities in school appeals to be an important factor in Switzerland, Turkey and the United States, for instance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
As far back as 2000, teacher education innovators at Jamaica’s Mico Teachers’ College were exploring how teachers could use literature in the classroom to address issues of active citizenship and violence, as well as broader issues related to sustainability and social development. In a related initiative, academic staff at UWI developed a graduate course on literature and ESD, which has gone from being an elective to a course requirement in the language education programme. Another core course in teacher education, entitled Changing Cultures Changing Schools, explores school culture and change management, including an exploration of eco-schools.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Glossary of Keywords and Definitions Introduction: The Social Psychology of Communication: Towards an 'Inter-Field' Approach D.Hook & B. Franks PART I: INTRODUCING THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF COMMUNICATION The Developmental Impact of Communicative Interaction J.Hardman Dialogue, Critical Consciousness and Praxis C.Vaughan Non-verbal Communication and Culture A.de-Graft Aikins Social Influence: Modes and Modalities G.Sammut & M.Bauer Pragmatic Theory and Social Relations B.Franks & H.Green Communicative Action and the Dialogical Imagination S.Jovchelovitch PART II: SPECIAL TOPICS IN COMMUNICATIONIdentity and Resistance in Communication C.Howarth Rumours and Gossip as Genres of Communication B.Franks & S.Attia Empty and Full Speech D.Hook Argument and Rhetoric V. Glaveanu with M.Bauer Evolution and Communication B.Franks & J.Dhesi PART III: APPLIED AREAS AND PRACTICE Religion as Communicative Action E.Arens Media Health Campaigns: From Information to Social Change C.Campbell & K.Scott Social Psychology of Political Communication M.C.Nisbet & L.Feldman Science Communication J.Gregory
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Contributions for health are generally fixed at 7.65% of gross income (shared between employees and employers). There is no competition between funds. Patients can also see non-contracted physicians but are reimbursed only for 80% of what insurance would usually pay for contracted care. Payments for non-contracted care account for a large share of out-of-pocket spending.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Health sector policies are included in the goal of “equity and social justice”. Since the AN, the three governments that have succeeded have honoured the agreed policy guidelines. Even though they have shifted their emphasis over certain issues, successive governments have maintained the main goal set out in the AN of providing universal access to free, continuous, timely, quality health care to the priority population in poor areas and to the vulnerable population. First, the Integral Health Insurance (Seguro Integral de Salud, SIS) was created in 2001 to fund health services for Peruvians who, due to poverty, did not have health insurance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Some aspects of this system were inherited from the pre-democratic era, however, the post-Apartheid state has been very active in reforming and adding to this system. There has been a rapid expansion in spending on social assistance over the last between 2000/01 and 2006/07. While spending on most budget items (e.g. education and health) have remained fairly constant in real terms, consolidated expenditure on welfare and social assistance has increased from R30.1 billion (3.2 per cent of GDP) in 2000/01 to R101.4 billion (4.4 per cent of GDP) in 2008/09 (National Treasury, 1998 and 2009).14 This is show'n in Figure 3.3 below'.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
This is likely to be met by imports, mainly from the US and Canada, followed by the Russian Federation, Ukraine and Belarus, largely in the form of wood pellets and, to a lesser extent, wood chips. Belgium, Hungary, the Netherlands and the UK have introduced specific sustainable forest management criteria for forest biomass as well as land criteria for agricultural biomass. Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK have also adopted GHG-saving criteria for biomass used in electricity/ heating.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Higher market participation among women induced by higherwages does lowerthe time available for human capacities production. But gender egalitarian relations of reproduction, buoyed by strong public support for care and the availability of effective care commodities not only protect against time squeeze, they actually induce an increase in the production of human capacities (quantity and/or quality) in the context of higher incomes. From a citizen-worker-carer perspective, this is the win-win scenario.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For example, in the United States, a federal brownfield tax incentive was introduced in 1997 which entailed fully tax deductible environmental clean-up costs, including petroleum cleanup. This programme was sunsetted in 2011. Meanwhile, examples from cities abound - for instance, New Yoik City offers grants to property owners and developers to clean up and redevelop brownfields.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Practices illustrate how OECD countries and non-OECD economies have designed and implemented effective, efficient and inclusive water governance systems. They are meant to be replicable and support bench learning across different stakeholders within cities, regions, basins and countries. Learning from evolving water governance practices is about gaining insights from real examples, looking at what works (or has worked) and seeing how' others have dealt w'ith challenges.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Food insecurity and malnutrition within a country tends to occur in geographical clusters, and the forces that lead to food insecurity can vary by type of geography. Consequently, a place-based or territorial approach to food insecurity can potentially improve current food security and nutrition (FSN) policies in all types of countries. This reflects two important realities. The first is that it is in rural areas where food is mainly produced, and to the extent that shortages in supply contribute to food insecurity, they must be addressed through improvements in agricultural productivity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Countries with a large share of their populations who are adolescents or young people have an opportunity to reap a substantial demographic bonus for their nations’ economies, development, resilience and productivity. This requires investing in adolescents’ and young peoples human capital and expanding the range of choices and opportunities available to them. But many adolescents, especially girls, are denied the investments and opportunities that would enable them to realize their full potential. For example, 26 per cent of the world’s adolescent girls and 17 per cent of boys between the ages of 11 and 15 are not in school.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In Bangladesh, for example, by 2050, production of rice might drop by 8 per cent — and wheat by 32 per cent. Small Island states could suffer extended periods of droughts, interspersed with heavy rainfall, which could degrade the land and reduce soil fertility, though in high-latitude islands the effects could be beneficial. However, given the present context, it should be determined whether this is being achieved at the cost of food security. Of particular interest is bio-fuel production in the Asia Pacific region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
These children and young people can become subject to physical and sexual abuse, psychological problems, addiction and other harmful consequences. Women are acutely affected by particular consequences of drug abuse, such as sexually transmitted diseases and the consequences of domestic violence, in addition to being more likely to be affected by drug-facilitated crime. Drug abuse and poverty are often linked in multiple ways.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It is worth noting that during the “Arab Spring” of 2011 and other anti-government protests in Africa, joblessness was a key issue in bringing youths onto the streets. Similarly, a World Bank (2011) report notes that half of the young people who join a dissident movement cite unemployment as the main reason for doing so. For developing countries, employment elasticities should be around 0.7, and for some African countries even higher, given the rapid rise in labour force growth (Martins, 2013: Khan, 2007).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In this review, we identified the stream and river types that are disposed to hazardous floods, we identified contemporary ecological restoration practices, and evaluated their ability to mitigate hazardous floods downstream of restored areas. We also discussed whether current restoration practices would work under the flow changes anticipated in the future. Initially, we also wanted to study how restoration affected hydrology, but concluded that poor access to relevant data made this impossible.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
As education attainment is easily observable for employers, it acts as a powerful signalling device for youth trying to enter the labour market. The OECD Skills Outlook 2013 has also shown the importance of cognitive skills (literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments) on labour market outcomes (OECD, 2013b). As shown in Figure A, having attained at least an upper secondary education reduces the probability of having low literacy skills. However, individuals with a similar level of education may not have the same skills, as skill formation depends on the quality of the education system in addition to other factors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Since the enlargement of the European Union to 25 countries in 2004 and then to 27 countries in 2007, this problem of ‘the meaning of the median’ has become more pressing. A relative income poverty line based on 50% of median incomes will inevitably struggle to reflect this new diversity. Figure 3 illustrates the problem. This shows, for example, that the 10 richest countries have poverty lines that are higher than the median incomes of the 10 poorest countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The U.S. had a comparative advantage in capital and engineering expertise, but suffered from floods. Canada had a comparative advantage in endowments of water but was limited by absolute capital shortages. Both nations secured what they needed most at a lower cost than either nation could have financed on its own. When total benefits from an agreement exceed total costs, this is a signal that there is a potential for all parties in a transboundary basin to share in the benefits.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The views of the panel are considered important and are valued as a source of information and knowledge on the concerns and views of business. The panel model provides a way of engaging business, perhaps at the state or even municipal level. The process could be divided into an initial phase to gather the view of SMEs and entrepreneurs on the issues relating to policy and, second, once the policymakers have researched and analysed the policy issues and options to consult on the proposed changes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
For example, fast-growing cities in Viet Nam, as elsewhere, lack public transport to accommodate travel from suburb to suburb as opposed to a purely radial system designed to move people only between a given suburb and the core of the city. In addition, silo approaches, in which the transport sector lacks co-ordination with other sectors such as construction, land use and housing development, often create a spatial mismatch between the demand and supply of public transport, resulting in inefficient public transport networks and perpetuating inequality'. Housing will be built in areas where land is cheaper, meaning most frequently that low-income residents will be located in outlying and peripheral areas where public transport is either non-existent or is so expensive that ridership is limited and investment is accordingly difficult to mobilise. Indeed, nearby municipalities may come into conflict with one another if they perceive that a neighbour is lacking in commitment to transport integration or is unwilling to invest in a way that is equitable to all partners.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)