albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Engaging communities of color in the genetics public policy conversation is important for the translation of genetics research into strategies aimed at improving the health of all. Implementing model public participation and consultation processes can be informed by the Communities of Color Genetics Policy Project, which engaged individuals from African American and Latino communities of diverse socioeconomic levels in the process of “rational democratic deliberation” on ethical and policy issues stretching from genome research to privacy and discrimination concerns to public education. The results of the study included the development of a participatory framework based on a combination of the theory of democratic deliberation and the community-based public health model which we describe as “community-based dialogue.”
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Better data on health care outcomes at the system level are being developed by the OECD, in particular on amenable mortality and health care quality (Box 2). Because their coverage is still limited, these data cannot replace health status indicators when assessing health care efficiency, but they can complement them. First, panel data regressions have been run to shed light on the contribution of health care and other determinants to the health status of the population (Joumard et al., This empirical work suggested that changes in health care spending, lifestyle factors (smoking and alcohol consumption as well as diet), education, pollution and income have been important factors behind improvements in health status.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It is also about fostering investment and innovation which will underpin sustained growth and give rise to new economic opportunities." They see the benefits in increased reputation, trust from stakeholders, including from governments, improved risk management, being more attractive to high-quality employees and improved continuity of the business.4 The business model is changing gradually from a view based on short-term financial returns to a holistic view based on responsibility and value creation, taking into account the full value chain. Companies are starting to acknowledge that the traditional economic growth paradigm that treats the environment mostly as a ‘free good’ is placing enormous pressure on the environmental carrying capacity of the earth and therefore will now or in the future also affect their business.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
User engagement with data privacy and security through consent banners has become a ubiquitous part of interacting with internet services. While previous work has addressed consent banners from either interaction design, legal, and ethics-focused perspectives, little research addresses the connections among multiple disciplinary approaches, including tensions and opportunities that transcend disciplinary boundaries. In this paper, we draw together perspectives and commentary from HCI, design, privacy and data protection, and legal research communities, using the language and strategies of “dark patterns” to perform an interaction criticism reading of three different types of consent banners. Our analysis builds upon designer, interface, user, and social context lenses to raise tensions and synergies that arise together in complex, contingent, and conflicting ways in the act of designing consent banners. We conclude with opportunities for transdisciplinary dialogue across legal, ethical, computer science, and interactive systems scholarship to translate matters of ethical concern into public policy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The ten selected projects will benefit from streamlined issuing of permits and the possibility of regulatory incentives, cross-border cost allocation, and funding under the European Union’s (EU) Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance and the Neighbourhood Investment Facility. In addition, two electricity and eight gas projects have been approved as Projects of Mutual Interest with the EU. It will require sustained political and institutional will if the economies are to achieve both national and regionally shared objectives by implementing the adopted legislative and regulatory' frameworks. At present compliance with the EU Third Energy Package is patchy at best, but is an essential prerequisite for the interoperability of the SEE and EU energy systems, as well as for improving the productivity and competitiveness of the sector at regional and national levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In couples with a female partner aged 25 to 45 years old and at least one child, women's earnings in Germany account for just below one-quarter of household incomes on averages. Similar patterns can be found in Austria and Switzerland (EUSILC, 2012 and Figure 1.3, Panel B). By contrast, in France, Sweden, and Denmark, female partners contribute over 35% to household income, on average (Chapter 4). Couples with both partners not working are excluded.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This simple yet insightful approach consists of a fish population dynamics model as the biological component and a market model for catch as the economic component, with a production model of fishing effort bringing the two together. The response of the fish stock to human activities and the subsequent economic performance of the fishery can be examined through simulations with the bio-economic model of the fishery.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
First of all the teacher training system is expected to provide the labour market with teachers who have the necessary initial qualifications - in the case of ICT as well. Consequently, all teacher training services have to pay attention to the ICT competence of its students so they can manage the final objectives themselves to a large degree. This is possible only if ICT is incorporated into the training curriculum itself to a large extent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Men in the Kitchen” is an opportunity for them to develop their own skills and assume household responsibilities. Women and girls may be reluctant to have men and boys engage in housework, for fear or losing the limited responsibility they have in the home. Women and girls can also internalise gender stereotypes on which tasks are socially acceptable for women or men, making them resistant to change. Thus, as Hopem’s experience shows, real redistribution of domestic responsibilities requires rethinking restrictive gender roles by and for both women and men.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
As stated in the IPBES Data and Information Management Plan, there is a need to recognise the interests of custodians of data and knowledge, such as access rights and intellectual property rights, in particular the need to respect information provided by and the knowledge of indigenous peoples and local communities, which includes, as appropriate, consideration of seeking prior informed consent or approval and the involvement of indigenous peoples and local communities, who are holders of such information and knowledge, and the sharing of benefits accrued from such information and knowledge. Access to these materials should be permissible on request. Storage procedures should comply with protocols and guidelines to be agreed under the Nordic IPBES Data and Information Management Plan (see Annex 7, Box 3). The Nordic Assessment would have to be able to provide the IPBES regional assessment expert groups, and expert reviewers with all sources not publicly available that are used in the Nordic Assessment report.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
During the trial, in 2006, traffic volumes within the controlled area fell by approximately 20%, while public transit ridership increased by some 6 to 9% (Pike, 2010). The initial public view of the system had been negative, with a disapproval rate of 55%, but following the trial period this had changed to 53% taking a positive view. This shift took place in a context where the area involved was extensive - some 34 square kilometres - and where a modest charge could nevertheless add up significantly: vehicles entering at one of 17 charging pints would pay up to 20 Swedish Krona SEK, roughly USD 3, with a daily maximum of 60 SEK and daily passes available.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Traditional biomass solid fuels are wood, charcoal, agricultural residues and animal dung. In some sub-Saharan African countries (e.g. Chad and Sudan), biomass provides 90 per cent of all energy consumed, and it is estimated to account for most of the household energy needs even in oil-rich sub-Saharan African countries such as Angola (95 per cent), Cameroon (78 per cent), Chad (97 per cent) and Nigeria (65 per cent) (IEA, 2008). The indoor concentration of such pollutants is often several times higher than concentrations recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), and result in a higher prevalence of respiratory diseases,1 obstetrical problems, eye infections and blindness, among others (IEA, 2002). There is consistent evidence that indoor air pollution increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and of acute respiratory infections in childhood -the leading cause of death among children under five years of age in developing countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
A number of amendments were made to the European Commission’s proposal in response to the positions of various Member States regarding certain cross-cutting and substantive issues, such as managing stocks for maximum sustainable yields, a ban on discards, and transferable fishery concessions. In terms of the geographical distribution of companies, the North and Centre regions are still predominant with regard to corporate headquarters and job concentration. In 2010, preserved fish, accounted for the total production of 42 000 tonnes (turnover of EUR 177 million), while production of dried and salted products (cod) totalled 60 000 tonnes (EUR 241.6 million in sales value).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
A range of different entities (including communities, individuals, businesses and non-profit organisations) can apply for CWSRF funding for eligible projects. Funding may be in the form of grants or loans at below-market interest rates (with repayment terms of up to 20 years) or as a combination of the two. The funds target small and disadvantaged communities. The Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) was established in 1996 to finance water supply projects. Its structure and processes mirror those of the CWSRF program. When loan recipients make repayments to the state program, the funding is “revolved” and made available for further projects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
These figures are elevated because in high technology sectors, it is often the presence of scalable IP and related intangible assets that prompts the acquisition activity. In addition, such purchases are sometimes motivated by a perceived need to ensure that control over the technology does not pass to a competitor. If direct costs are incurred when providing a product or service (as is usually the case), and if there is a delay between producing and supplying goods and receiving payment for them, additional working capital may be need to be obtained from external sources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Abstract The colonial and postcolonial realities of international law have been obscured by the analytical frameworks that governed traditional scholarship on the subject. This article sketches out a history of the evolution of international law that focuses in particular on the manner in which imperialism shaped the discipline. It argues that colonialism, rather than being a peripheral concern of the discipline, is central to the formation of international law and, in particular, its founding concept, sovereignty. It argues that international law has always been animated by the civilising mission, the project of governing and transforming non-European peoples, and that the current war on terror is an extension of this project.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
If the latter are already difficult to determine for marketed goods, the intrinsic complexity of external costs prevents the establishment of social welfare functions adopting a broader notion of welfare. To a large extent social costs are external, i.e. not internalised, precisely because no well-defined utility functions exist. Discussion quickly shows that any framework based solely on static optimisation will run into internal contradictions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Future work will need to deepen the analysis of trade-related flows and flows of secondary raw materials, the way they interact with commodity prices and recycling markets, and and how they relate to natural and anthropogenic resource stocks, to supply security and to innovation. Future work will also need to explore the environmental impacts and costs of natural resource use, and the economic and environmental opportunities provided by improved resource productivity. This should include impacts from resources that have been traded, possibly including indirect effects in terms of natural resource use, pollution and waste induced by countries’ demand for traded raw materials and products.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
As part of a culture of improving health system transparency, Australia has created the “MyHospitals” website that provides public and private hospital-level data on a range of indicators ranging from emergency department waiting times to rates of infection. Measures of performance of primary care are published on the “MyHealthyCommunities” website, which provides local-level data on a range of primary care and population health perfonnance indicators. The National Health Perfonnance Authority (NHPA) is responsible for the analysis and content of these two websites. With more than a quarter of people aged 15 and over obese, Australia is the fifth most obese country in the OECD.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The time is now and I'm very much committed to working with world leaders".90 The question remained as to how he would engage those leaders, while also building partnerships with civil society and business leaders to generate the critical mass necessary to tip the scales towards a successful outcome in 2015. He decided to hold another in September 2014, but this time, realizing how critical the multi-stakeholder approach was, he resolved to give business and civil society a seat at the table. The Climate Summit in September 2014 thus brought together over loo Heads of State and Government and 800 leaders from business and civil society.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The text describes the main progress in depicting the LGBTI topic in the Inter-American area. It begins with the analysis of some conceptual issues that are crossed to the topic and discuss the importance of including political commitments and statements in the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly of OAS (Organization of American States) related to the LGTBI community protection. Even though, a few cases have gone to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, some landmark cases have deserved the Inter-American Court of Human Rights opinion. This produces an interesting case law on the matter. Finally, the text covers the latest Inter-American Convention on human rights adopted by the General Assembly of OAS in 2013, which includes the LGBTI community. That Conventionconstitutes the first regional treaty in force on the matter.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The banking structure in India is very concentrated between Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI) and the State Bank of India (SBI). Smaller banks (such as YES Bank - a niche bank with among other things very specific programmes for energy efficiency) are finding it difficult to penetrate the market.20 Sathaye et al. ( Potential investors in India face important regulatory hurdles and other constraints that make it difficult to attract foreign direct investments (FDI).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Such evidence has driven policy makers to design an early intervention and re-think their education spending patterns to gain “value for money”. At the same time, research emphasises that the benefits from early interventions are conditional on the level of “quality” of ECEC that children experience. Starting Strong III: A Quality Toolbox for Early Childhood Education and Care has identified five policy levers that can encourage quality in ECEC, having positive effects on early child development and learning.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Approaches to participatory and gender-responsive budgeting offer prospects for gender-responsive decisions in funding allocation decisions and for ensuring accountability for tracking and reporting on gender-specific financing benchmarks. International human rights frameworks offer important standards for holding states accountable. However, to achieve sustainable development with gender equality at its centre, women’s rights need to be brought far more fully into policy frameworks. Global efforts to integrate gender equality and sustainable development thus far have been mixed, ranging from “exclusion to nominal inclusion" (Cela, Dankelman and Stern, 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The term ‘sovereignty’ figures prominently in international affairs and academic analysis. But does ‘sovereignty’ mean the same thing in different countries and political cultures? In this article, we examine conceptions of sovereignty as they appear in the writings of US scholars of international law and those international relations scholars who deal with international law, in order to obtain a clearer picture of what ‘sovereignty’ means in American academic discourse. At first glance, the US literature is dominated by two distinct conceptions of sovereignty: (1) a statist conception that privileges the territorial integrity and political independence of governments regardless of their democratic or undemocratic character, (2) a popular conception that privileges the rights of peoples rather than governments, especially when widespread human rights violations are committed by a totalitarian regime. On closer examination, what seem to be two conceptions are in fact different manifestations of a single, u...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
A first dialogue event took place early January 2010 and brought together different ministries and public agencies with representatives of the private sector to discuss a first draft assessment based on the checklist and to identify possible ways forward. More experience and institution-strengthening measures are needed to expand PPP capacity so that it can make a real contribution to meeting the region’s growing urban water service needs. This is in light of its semi-arid geography and socioeconomic characteristics, including low income, heavy reliance on agriculture, and dispersed population in the rural areas. In contrast to the generally high level of centralisation of other administrative functions, water management is relatively decentralised and key functions are allocated to specialised organisations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Similarly, early marriage and motherhood may have detrimental effects on several outcomes in early adulthood (e.g. human capital accumulation, earnings, health) of both the mother and the children, and be a cause of socio-economic disadvantages transmitted across generations. Children of teenage mothers suffer as young adults in terms of lower educational attainment, an increased risk of disruptive behaviour, a higher risk of economic inactivity and of becoming a teenage mother themselves (D’Onofrio et al., This may be a result of childhood family structure, the lower standard of living experienced by many teenage mothers, in addition to the often poorer earning partners that they pair with (Francesconi, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Such a desired shift would also be particularly important for limiting the pressure on the collection of teresken (Ceratoides papposa) dwarf shrubs in the eastern part of Tajikistan, for use as either fuel or forage. Intensive teresken collection, combined with extensive livestock herding, has reportedly led to the species’ disappearance in some regions of the Pamir mountain range. The majority of the rural population (up to 70 per cent, or some 5-6 million inhabitants) still relies on firewood as the main and most available fuel.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
There is no single agreed method for calculating a product’s embedded carbon, and the differing assumptions used in terms of the scope and boundary of the life cycle assessment can yield dramatically different results for the same goods. Furthermore, data availability, reliability and compatibility are critical problems, gathering reliable data at producer level for agricultural products is particularly difficult. As a result, the variety of PCF labelling schemes used by different private retailers are a concern. These were food labels that calculated embodied carbon in only a limited portion of the life cycle: transport to market. The result was to penalise foreign producers on the basis of distance to market, and in particular to penalise airfreighted out-of-season food imports. The schemes were poorly conceived.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
ABSTRACTThis paper starts from the premise that embodied knowledge is critical to understanding health policy implementation. We explore this notion through a qualitative investigation of the way that knowledge has functioned in the implementation of an Australian mental health policy, Partners in Recovery (PIR). Analysis uses the theoretical lens of interpretive policy analysis and the ‘embodied, inscribed, enacted’ knowledge schema developed by Freeman and Sturdy [(2014a). Introduction: Knowledge in policy – embodied, inscribed, enacted. In R. Freeman & S. Sturdy (Eds.), Knowledge in policy: Embodied, inscribed, enacted (pp. 1–19). Bristol: Policy Press]. Our analysis reveals a policy problem centred around difficulties of coordination where the inscribed solution lies in individuals who must implement the PIR program in local areas. Our interviews with PIR consortium members and stakeholders show that this implementation happens through the enactment of embodied knowledge. However this implementation i...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The lower bound accounts for activities targeting climate change as the “principal” objective, the upper bound accounts for efforts to mainstream climate change into ongoing activities as well as “principal” activities. Two-year averages, 2014 data are provisional. Reporting on the mitigation marker became mandatory in 2007, and the adaptation marker was introduced only in 2010, thus data on earlier years is under-estimated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The agenda also mandated ‘social audits’ involving beneficiaries and gave non-government organisations and other watchdogs the authority to summon officials and obtain records under the Right to Information Act enacted around the same time. It was introduced in 2008-2009 in Bangladesh as the Employment Generation Programme for Hard-Core Poor (initially called the Employment Generation Programme). It applies to rural areas of the country, with priority given to 81 highly poverty-prone upazillas (sub-districts).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In this case there are two elements to be considered. First, people have internalized the idea that material aspirations are met by well-paid, stable and protected jobs. On this logic, those who are unemployed or uncertainly employed face barriers to social integration and the affirmation of their identities and self-esteem (Kaztman, 2010). At the same time, these people might experience a gap between aspirations and expectations, resulting in reduced subjective well-being (ECLAC, 2007).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)