albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
From both a research and policy perspective, it is vital to be able to accurately measure EPL in order to determine its labour market impacts, identify best practices and assess reform progress. The OECD has published estimates of the strictness of employment protection in member countries since the early 1990s (Grubb and Wells, 1993, OECD, 1994, 1999, 2004, Venn, 2009). This chapter presents the latest estimates for OECD and selected emerging economies (including all G20 countries). They are the result of a comprehensive effort to update the indicators, based on a more accurate collection methodology and taking due account not only of legislation but also of national or branch-level collective agreements and case law, where relevant.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The results emphasise the importance of the patient opinion and experience in obtaining a fuller picture of patient harm and lapses in safety. This is a key ingredient of learning health systems at local and aggregate level. In developed countries, education of professionals and systematic patient reporting were the most frequently selected, followed by improving organisational culture, an integrated national incident database, more incentives for team-based care, and patient involvement strategies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
These estimates are roughly in the middle ranges of temperature changes found in the peer-reviewed literature (IPCC, 2007b). For temperature, most climate models agree that changes at high-latitude areas will be larger than at low latitudes. For precipitation, while changes differ strongly across models, they all show that some areas will experience an increase in precipitation, while others will experience a decrease.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In 2011, only 22% of women held accounts, but by 2014 that rate that increased to 39% (CONAIF, 2016). Women are now at parity with men in the percentage holding bank accounts nationwide. A range of government agencies have addressed this issue by co-ordinating policies on financial inclusion, by modifying regulations to enable institutions to offer products and services to low-income populations (such as basic accounts, mobile banking, and simple account records), and by implementing programmes focused on increasing social inclusion (e.g., banking for social programme beneficiaries and those on government payroll). One important measure is the Integral Programme of Financial Inclusion (PROIFF, Programa Integral de Inclusion Financiera) offered by one of the federal development banks, the National Savings and Financial Services Bank (Banco de Ahorro Nacional y Servicios Financieros).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In the lower part of its run, it forms the country borders between the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and also Austria and Slovakia. Its mouth is situated about 10 km upstream Bratislava. The 80-km long section of the Morava River forms the Austrian-Slovak border, and from the confluence with the Dyjc River, the Slovak-Czcch State border, while the River Dyjc - a tributary to Morava River — forms the border between Austria and the Czech Republic.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Moreover, investing in agriculture and rural activities is a top priority for these countries due to the expected rise in demand for food and feed resulting from rapid income and population growth. Achieving these objectives becomes all the more critical in the face of increasingly unpredictable extreme weather events in the LDCs resulting from climate change impacts. There should also be renewed focus on stabilizing the domestic food economies of these countries. The provision of social safety nets to the rural and urban poor will be necessary because of the significant risks and vulnerabilities that these countries might face in the future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Turkmeniski Bay is considered one of the most important places where these species of fish grow. The industrial complex for the artificial cultivation and production of sturgeon was built in Gyyanly, in Balkan Province. These pollutants originate primarily from sewage, agricultural run-off and oil-related activities, and are transported by rivers and discharged into the Caspian Sea. The area of greatest offshore development in Turkmen waters is near Turkmenbashy, Cheleken and Ogutchisky Island.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This is not only about creating new applications for consumers and producers, and astronomical fortunes for innovative entrepreneurs and their investors, but also about providing full and productive employment and decent work for all, in line with the 2030 Agenda. This will require innovative institutions, societal learning and political re-thinking - technological determinism and blind faith in the market are simply not sufficient! Political choices determine the direction and impact of these changes. The transition process needs to be managed. While history does not always repeat itself, it can teach us that job-destruction can be followed by job-creation - if we take the appropriate measures to adapt our institutions, laws and regulations to improve the rules of the game and make them fit forthe challenges of the 21st century.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
They are both a private property' and a global common, and are critical for the production of food and other biomass, the preservation of biological diversity and the productivity of ecosystems. Land’s economic value derives from food and other biomass production, mineral extraction and activities linked to the built environment. From a social point of view, land acquires value through ownership and through cultural and traditional heritage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
For one of these respondents, the issue was primarily one of uneven economic development across urban and rural centres. But it is worth noting that Chinese respondents also saw the benefits of collaboration around infectious disease control as flowing in both directions - not just into China, but outwards to the rest of the world. Thus two respondents pointed out that infectious disease control is not merely a national concern but has international and global implications, and that consequently, as one respondent put it, “an integrated global approach is necessary to understand transmission and evolution of infectious disease agents”. International co-operation and exchange would thus benefit not just China, but would contribute to the work of infectious disease control in an international context. In the case of South Africa, this pattern was reversed. South African responses to the sections of the questionnaire that asked about stratified medicine were very brief compared to those relating to control of infectious diseases.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This article appraises the evolving nature of critical planning theory. It begins with an interrogation of critical planning theory derived from political economy. It then considers liberal pragmatic theory, followed by poststructuralist critical theory. This is followed by an examination of the contemporary range of critical critiques of the role of planning under neoliberalism. The article will conclude with a brief consideration as to why critical planning theory has continued for over four decades to provide an important ethical compass for the planning discipline.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Indeed in the United States there is now a significant amount of research that suggests that it is poverty and inequality that causes low rates of marriage, with the incentives of young single women to commit to marriage declining alongside the labour market prospects of men. Future marriage rates therefore appear likely to continue to decline further while becoming increasingly divergent by socio-economic status. Studies across countries and over time find, without exception, large income losses the year after a marital split (Jenkins, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The six large metropolitan cities (Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Barisal and Sylhet) enjoy city corporation status, while 310 small cities have pourashava status. City corporations have a higher level of urbanization than pourashava towns and are large commercial and administrative centres. In urban centres with no local government, urban services are provided by field administration of the central Government.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The right to judicial protection in criminal proceedings, in Austria, is anchored in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The ECHR is directly applicable as a national constitutional law. Therefore, there is a comprehensive guarantee to judicial protection and to access to a national criminal court in purely national and also in matters of transnational criminal proceedings. Both relevant legal acts (below Sect. 2.1.2) dealing with matters of transnational criminal proceedings ensure, in principle, a procedure with two instances. The institutional and procedural framework of these proceedings will be described more precisely in the following.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Finally, Section 4 considers what lessons for the design and operation of income support systems for job losers and other unemployed people can be drawn from countries’ experiences during the Great Recession. For the OECD area as a whole, the unemployment rate increased from 5.7% in the first quarter of 2008 (its recent low value) to a post-war high of 8.7% in the fourth quarter of 2009. This 3.1 percentage point increase corresponds to approximately 17 million additional jobless persons.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In all regions, women spend at least twice as much time as men on unpaid domestic work. In the less developed regions, many young girls aged 5-14 take on a large amount of household chores, including care-giving, cooking and cleaning, and older girls do so to an even greater extent. While boys also do household chores, their participation rate is not as high as that of girls. Moreover, girls generally work longer hours than boys, whether they are engaged in housework only, employment only or both. Long hours of work affect children’s ability to participate fully in education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore a postmodern approach to crisis management through the lens of complexity theory to understand six non-profit organizations’ communication responses to anti-abortion terrorism. Design/methodology/approach – Researchers conducted a qualitative content analysis of publicly available documents from six non-profit organizations, which included 62 news releases and statements on organization web sites, 152 tweets, and 63 articles in national and local newspapers. Findings – A history of violence and rituals of remembrance emerged as important pieces of organizational, personal, and social history surrounding anti-abortion terrorism. The process of self-organization facilitated calling publics to action and combating the “terrorism” naming problem. The non-profits’ dynamic environment exemplified the importance of coalition building to construct digital attractor basins, or networks extending beyond permeable boundaries, through a variety of strategies, includin...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In addition, Medical Care Cost Support programmes provide subsidies to the high-risk patients, including 132 disease categories, in the instance that their income is less than 300% of the established minimum cost of living, or if they are enrolled in the nation-wide Medical Aid programmes. Seniors have reductions on cost-sharing for primary care and outpatient specialists contacts. Patients over 65 have reduced cos-sharing for primary care consultations: 30% when total cost exceeds KRW 15,000 (USD 18.11) and co-payment of KRW 1,500 KRW (USD 1.81) if the total cost is lower.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In addition, there is no system or institution responsible for collation, aggregation and maintenance of reliable biodiversity information, either for the entire country or for the entities. This makes any analysis of or reporting on biodiversity very challenging. However the EPR mission demonstrated that there is a lot of information on many aspects of biodiversity spread around different institutions (governmental bodies, museums, research organizations, NGOs, projects and programmes etc.), Sometimes it appears in a form which requires additional work to make it usable, predominantly in local languages, veiy often only in hard copy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Nonetheless, pervasive under-investment by donors, among other reasons, has led countries to lag behind on gender equality commitments. Official development assistance (ODA) has made significant contributions to reducing poverty and advancing health, education and infrastructure development in almost all developing countries. In some cases, ODA has been the major source of support for achieving these development goals.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Convention concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize 1948 Workers and employers, without distinction whatsoever, shall have the right to establish and, subject only to the rules of the organization concerned, to join organisations of their own choosing without previous authorization. Convention concerning the Application of the Principles of the Right to Organize and to Bargain Collectively 1949 Workers shall enjoy adequate protection against acts of anti-union discrimination in respect of their employment. Equal Remuneration Convention 1951 Ensure the application to all workers of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This is not an efficient mechanism for allocating congestion costs, since it does not provide the correct signals to those plants which cause the congestion. High LMP indicates geographical locations where additional generation would lessen congestion and improve the overall efficiency of the system. High differences in LMP in close nodes might indeed indicate geographical locations with congested transmission lines.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Since 2008 and with the creation of the Gender Equality Observatory for Latin America and the Caribbean, ECLAC has systematically updated a total work time indicator, which comprises the amount of time spent on paid work and on unpaid work,3 to show the amount and distribution of work done outside and inside the home, and women's daily contribution to countries' growth, economy and well-being. This effort was consolidated thanks to the global discussion about the measurement of labour statistics in line with the message underscored by the feminist economy for decades. The definition of "work" was broadened in the resolution of the nineteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians in 2013: "work comprises any activity performed by persons of any sex and age to produce goods or to provide services for use by others or for own use" (ILO, 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The country’s third BR reports on publically-financed projects only (Danish Ministry Of Energy, 2017[14J), following a recommendation in the report of the technical review of its second BR that Denmark should distinguish between public and private sector activities to the extent possible. The majority of Annex II Parties therefore report predominantly on activities wholly-funded by the public sector, with less than half providing information on private-sector projects and activities implemented jointly by the public and private sectors (UNFCCC, 2016(9]). Other Parties” that provide support (i.e. countries that are not “developed”, but that may provide support to other developing countries) are also invited to provide information.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It called upon countries to ‘develop inclusive, responsive and resilient education systems' to meet their needs (UNESCO, 2015). But the position of refugees who rely on host countries to extend international rights to education is not identical to those of people displaced within their home countries and whose governments bear specific responsibilities to fulfil their citizens’ rights. These arrangements are being piloted among the 15 countries where the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) is being rolled out. Selected additional important issues related to refugee education are addressed in the monitoring part of the report, including early childhood care and education (Policy focus 9.1), tertiary education (Policy focus 10.1), displaced people with disabilities (Policy focus 12.1), the role of technology (Policy focus 15.1) and the effectiveness of humanitarian aid (Policy focus 19.3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Indeed, students who had attended between two and three years of pre-primary school score 35 points higher than students who did not attend and 50 score points higher than students who had attended less than one year, on average (Figure 5.3). In New Zealand, 92% of 4-year-olds participated in ECEC in 2014 (the 2005 enrolment rate of 4-year-olds is not available for New' Zealand). Rates for Canada are not reported (OECD, 2016b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It also reviews progress with respect to the objectives of the 2001 OECD Environmental Strategy. It takes into account the latest Economic Surveys of Ireland and the latest IEA energy review of Ireland. Energy intensity was considerably reduced, and is now the lowest in the OECD. Material intensity also steadily decreased, reaching the OECD average.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Abstract   This paper examines the determinants of corruption in transition economies. We found that the progress of structural reform, comprising marketization, rule of law, and democratization had a crucial impact on the extent of corruption control in former socialist countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
By far, most government- or donor-funded incubators or technology parks do not become success cases. Conversely, not all labs have been set up by Governments. In Guatemala, for example, Campus Tecnologico - a single building with workspaces and programming classes - was established by an Internet entrepreneur who returned from Silicon Valley and now hosts a number of entrepreneurial start-up software firms.5 Such market-driven initiatives may stand a better chance of long-term success, although governments may have an important role in acting as a catalyst.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The increase in P demand will come mainly from manufacturing (+400%), electricity (+140%) and domestic use (+130%). In the face of these competing demands, there will be little scope for increasing water for irrigation. The country groupings BRIICS and RoW are explained in Table 1.3 in Chapter 1. The rate of groundwater depletion more than doubled between 1960 and 2000, reaching over 280 km3 per year. The consequences will be increased eutrophication, biodiversity loss and disease.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The link between primary health care and health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians". A Report for the Office for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, Department of Health and Ageing. Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human Development in Latin America 1994-2004. New York, NY: Palgrave McMillan.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
For example, GHG inventories from Annex I Parties have improved significantly over time, following clear and common IPCC methods for what to measure and how, combined with clear guidelines on what to report and input from expert review teams. By contrast, the clarity and consistency of information on support provided and climate finance mobilised has been limited to date. Work to improve the clarity of what to measure and report, and what methods to use for doing so is underway.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Since the late 1990s, the Government of Ethiopia has had clear aspirations for broad-based sustainable development and poverty reduction, as evidenced in a series of strategies such as the Sustainable Development for Poverty Reduction Programme (SDPRP, 2000-2004), the Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty (PASDEP, 2005 to 2009), and the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP, 2010-2014). The effects on the economy of the first two strategies were judged to be very significant, with strong economic growth, poverty reduced, employment increased, and some exports flourishing (MoFED, 2002,2005). Its clear link to the GTP, notably its reassertion of the need to achieve middle-income status, means that it builds on previous decisions about where national development is headed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It undertakes research on emerging or current issues in order to inform the strategic directions, policies and programmes of UNICEF and its partners, shape global debates on child rights and development, and inform the global research and policy agenda for all children, and particularly for the most vulnerable. The views expressed are those of the authors. Many urban programmes are extensions or duplicates of rural programmes, but urban-sensitive social protection needs to reflect the distinct vulnerabilities of the urban poor.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Develop an efficient, affordable and cleaner transport system that is flexible enough to adopt and integrate, at the appropriate time, new transport technologies (e.g. efficient and/or electric vehicles, cleaner fuels, efficient ships utilising renewable energy) that are proven and commercially viable. Review import regulations and taxes to promote imports of energy efficient cars, and introduce improved fuel standards. Closely monitor international aviation and shipping emission agreement negotiations, and electric vehicle developments. Picking any single technology ‘winner, e.g. electric vehicles, marine energy, biofuels or offshore wind, should be avoided.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The project promotes healthy lifestyles with educational initiatives such as a community garden club, exercise and nutrition lessons, and environment and recycling education. The development complex strengthens community engagement with social activities and an on-site food cooperative. Without planning and specification of land use for public amenities such as schools and health centres, the development cost for land acquisition and construction is high and coverage tends to be unequal.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
What is the relationship between social movements and human rights?  ‘Movement’ is used very loosely in the human rights literature in a way that is primarily normative, to legitimate ideals of global justice.  The most influential analysis of the construction of human rights by non-state actors has been in terms of transnational advocacy networks.  Here I discuss how the focus on elite transformation in these studies might be supplemented to study social movements.  Above all it is necessary to distinguish between INGOs, NGOs and GROs.  Can INGOs like Amnesty, Human Rights and Oxfam be part of social movements?  Studying how human rights circulate between elites and in grassroots organisations opens up a rich field of investigation for anyone interested in collective action in our globalizing times.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)