albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
AbstractThe field of international development has undergone major shifts as South–South cooperation expands. New questions are being raised about the political implications of this cooperation, including with respect to democracy and human rights. In this paper, we analyse the role of Brazil, a democratic provider of South–South cooperation, in fomenting these principles in Africa. We find that explicit democracy promotion makes up a minority of Brazil’s cooperation with Africa. However, Brazil also engages in social policy initiatives which, despite not being labelled as democracy and human rights promotion, are inspired by Brazil’s own experiences with re-democratization—what we refer to as “democratization by association”. We argue that these initiatives—mostly geared towards institution-building in areas where Brazil seeks to promote itself as a hotbed of policy innovation—are disembedded from the political context in which they arose in Brazil. While this disembeddedness allows the Brazilian state t...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Comprehensive mandatory teacher evaluation is organised through the teacher performance evaluation system (Docentemas), covering the municipal school sector only. These programmes are described in detail below. The latter tend to be informal processes of feedback for improvement but can also be part of internal management tools established by the school director in the context of the 2011 Quality and Equality Education Law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Total income is defined as the sum, at the household level, of the following components: 1) wage, salary and self-employment income of household members, 2) capital and property income, private pensions, private occupational pensions, and all kinds of private transfers, and 3) social security transfers from public sources. Total income is expressed in terms of “equivalent” household member, by dividing it by the square root of household size. The definition of the second and third income component can slightly differ for European countries and non-European countries, given differences in information available in the microdata public-use files particularly in the reporting of gross and net earnings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Given the need to avoid undue burden on countries for preparing an adaptation communication (Article 13.3), this structure could be used for the adaptation chapter of a country’s National Communication. There is a good match between these information needs and the information that countries are already requested or able to report to the UNFCCC via National Communications, adaptation communications or NAPs. However, some of these information needs, such as the results from individual adaptation actions or broad adaptation strategies, may be difficult to assess and quantify.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Figure 4.12 shows that time poverty often doubles with the presence of children in the household, and this increase is greater for women than for men. Multivariate analysis, controlling for individual characteristics other than gender (age, employment status, education, employment status of the spouse), shows that an additional child generates a reduction in discretionary time for women of 2.3 hours per week (1.7 hours for men), and an increase of 3.5% in the probability to be time-poor (2.6% for men, see Annex 4.A1 for detailed results). Low-income individuals have lower rates of time poverty, but the relationship is ambiguous.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Contents: Maria Progoulaki: The choice of seafaring profession - Susanne Neumann/Thomas Pawlik: Corporate Social Responsibility and Employer Branding - Runa Jorgens: Demands on Ship Officers according to the STCW Convention and Maritime Crew Resource Management as a future challenge for shipping - Enrico Lobrigo: Cross-cultural management for seafarers - Cecilia Osterman: Performance influencing factors in maritime operations - Katrin Ewert: Human Error in Shipping - Henning Jessen: Criminalization of Seafarers in the Event of Maritime Accidents and Ship-Source Environmental Pollution - The Necessity for Fair Treatment - Lisa L. Froholdt: Pirate negotiation communication - Whose risk? Whose responsibility? A study of a company's crisis communication response strategies to psychological stress in an authentic pirate hijacking situation - Corinna Onnen: If work changes to leisure time and free time becomes work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
At that level, rice would still be almost 1.9 times the price of wheat, which compares with a ratio of 2.7 in 2009. For instance, the large production gains anticipated in Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos are likely to allow these countries to emerge as important players in the export market, which would widen the choice of origins for rice trade and reduce the dependence on traditional suppliers such as Thailand and Viet Nam. Because important Asian countries are expected to engage in the commercial production of genetically modified rice by 2015, the questions of product segregation and labelling may also acquire increased prominence in the commercialisation of rice both in domestic and export markets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Improvements in technical assistance for farmers and the diffusion of new technologies will help. So will policies that better align the price of production inputs with their true social cost. Consumption of nitrogen fertiliser per unit of arable land in China is more than double that of other countries with large agricultural sectors (Figure 11). The costs of excessive use of chemical fertiliser are significant. Soil acidity is often affected, leading to longer-term impacts on crop yields.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Ultimately, it was decided that the project w'as neither feasible nor affordable and the tendering process was cut short after bids had already been submitted for the master plans at the beginning of 2012 (Global Water Intelligence, 2013). This experience suggests that better upstream project planning and due diligence is needed to ensure that project impacts can be managed and that the financial basis of the project is sound. Often, several experts and decision makers are involved across all hierarchy levels, including up to Cabinet level, as well as high-level officials from major donors and foreign governments in some cases.6 The prolonged negotiations for the extension of the As Amra plant were due to several factors according to the private partner involved, including the indirect effects of the Arab Spring, lack of political continuity owing to frequent Cabinet changes and difficult economic conditions (leading to several interest rate increases over 2012) (De Pazzis, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Donatella Gnisci holds a BA in International Relations from "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy and postgraduate degrees from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) and King's College London (University of London, UK). The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognises the interdependency between the building blocks of the better world in which humans aspire to live: people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnerships. Women's political representation and inclusion in decision making are also priorities. In West Africa, emphasis is placed on economic empowerment and women’s insertion in the formal economy, particularly vis-a-vis the rise of food value chains and structural transformation in rural and urban areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In the words of McCann, “scale is not a neutral background, rather, it is a discursive frame used by competing interests to define or redefine the appropriate location of political pow er and the territorial extent of specific policies and regulation” (McCann, 2003: 160). In the words of Petitet, “the question is therefore how' to turn the virtuous general objectives at the (inter) SCoT level into real and specific building regulations at a more local level and how' to ensure that these higher level objectives are respected at the most local level” (2010: 48). Asymmetries or imbalances between the capabilities of those involved can frustrate the process: “not all areas have the same ability to impact spatial planning projects” (Bertrand, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In the model, the probability of risks will depend on water uses and/or impact at present (Annex 4.A1). The incentive compatibility constraint (equation 1) remains essentially the same. Voluntary and anticipatory responses to water risks can be expected w'hen the risks of not acting exceed the cost of taking action today.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Trading them can provide a "safety net" to help respond to environmental and economic shocks (Wunder ef al. Both women and men generally collect NTFPs for both household consumption and commercial value, however, as shown in Figure 2.6.1 the pattern of their roles is not globally consistent. Where there are lower collection rates for women than for men, the reasons can include limited forest access, market information and transport (Azzez et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This proportion is much lower among 15-year-old girls (7%) than boys (16%). However, physical activity among adults in Denmark is higher than in most other EU countries, with nearly 80% of adults reporting doing at least moderate physical activity each week. The exception is regular heavy drinking among adults, which appears to be equally prevalent across different socioeconomic groups. Smoking rates among those with the lowest level of education are more than double the rates among the most educated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The exact amount of pension fund commitments are not known and are not disclosed by the database but are likely much lower. See OECD 2012e forthcoming — Largest Pension Funds 2011 Survey). In 2011 Pension Funds (notably PensionDanmark, see Box 2) directly invested USD 4 billion in offshore wind energy through a combination of balance sheet financing (USD 1.6 billion) and construction convertible/term loans (USD 2.4 billion).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Loading and uploading facilities, commodity exchange centres and food processing complexes that will be established near the Chinese border will help reduce post-harvest losses of perishable crops produced in Myanmar (MOAI, 2013). Maintaining the quality of fruit and vegetables and maximising their shelf life requires careful and minimal handling and proper temperature. However, as most often post-harvest technology is lacking, post-harvest lossess of fresh produce, especially mangos, is ranging between 25% and 40% (DOA, 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
A brief description of the institutions providing concessional credit and their concessional credit schemes follows. The task of the ACC was to provide start-up capital for the newly formed CPs on the basis that once CPs have accumulated sufficient own funds for operations, the ACC would terminate its participation in authorised capital by selling its stakes to current or entering CP members. At present, 161 CPs operate nationwide, covering 89% of administrative micro-regions in the country. However, it is evaluated that only one-third is in stable financial condition.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
They show that labour market institutions and policies, e.g. the strength of collective bargaining, the share of public employment and the strictness of employment protection, can partly account for the large country differences in the estimated returns to skills. The skills premium is also positively correlated with a country’s GDP growth rate. A recent study by Hampf et al. ( They apply several different methods used in the literature to correct for causality bias.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It elaborated four governing principles: citizenship, empowerment, gender mainstreaming and innovation. These principles informed the plan’s 12 key lines of action: 1) political and social participation, 2) economic participation, 3) coresponsibility, 4) education, 5) innovation, 6) science, 7) health, 8) communication and media, 9) diversity and social inclusion, 10) violence, 11) foreign and development co-operation policy, and 12) guarantee of the right to equality. The previous Ministry for Equality (2008-10) and the Women’s Institute monitored the development of the measures and actions included in the plan. For example, the Palestinian Authority adopted the Cross-Sectoral National Gender Strategy 2011-2013, which serves as a cornerstone for the elaboration of the Palestinian Development Plan for the next three years. Study participants emphasised the critical importance of these strategies as a means to uphold and safeguard women’s rights in the aftermath of the Arab Spring and fast-track women into politics and public service.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This makes it much harder for governments and other key institutions to adequately prepare and invest in their future, including providing them with adequate education, freedom from violence, meaningful employment, access to health care and equal opportunity in life. Inequitable gender norms hurt both boys and girls, but the burden is particularly high for girls, effectively limiting the ability of half of the population to fully realize their potential. More than half of 10-year-old girls today live in countries that can be considered to be very unequal in terms of gender.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action Pathway (SAMOA Pathway) was adopted to address priority areas for SIDS'4. This provides a key avenue for multi-stakeholder engagement when considering marine litter reduction measures (Chapter 11). There are three groupings of SIDS: the Caribbean Community, the Pacific Islands Forum and AIMS (Africa, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean and South China Sea).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Nevertheless, based on “blame the victim” attitudes where considerable focus and attention was given to improving the behaviour of the human being, road safety policies lacked the holistic approach needed to achieve further significant injury reduction. A Safe System does not view road deaths and injuries as the inevitable price to pay for a highly-motorised society. By seeing any road death as an unacceptable system failure, it counters the risk that transport planners may adopt measures of transport efficiency that tolerate fatalities that are affordably preventable.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The weak capacity to evaluate the school system constrains the development of national policies that could raise education outcomes at the national level by, for example, targeting resources where they are most needed or reconfiguring the school network. This results in profound inequities across the school system, and limits the chances of the most disadvantaged students to achieve their potential. Costa Rica has taken promising steps to raise the quality of the school system, but a deeper transformation is needed to improve student learning and school completion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Gender equality and feminism are often cast as concepts foreign to the Tibetan cultural region, even as scholarship exploring alliances between Buddhism and feminism has grown. Critics of this scholarship contend that it superimposes liberal discourses of freedom, egalitarianism, and human rights onto Asian Buddhist women’s lives, without regard for whether/how these accord with women’s self-understandings. This article aims to serve as a corrective to this omission by engaging transnational feminist approaches to listen carefully to the rhetoric, aims, and interpretations of a group of Tibetan nuns who are redefining women’s activism in and on their own terms. We conclude that their terms are not derivative of foreign or secular liberal rights-based theories, but rather outgrowths of Buddhist principles taking on a new shape in modern Tibet.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For example, under the Rural and Isolated Practice Endorsed Registered Nurse scheme, some jurisdictions in Australia permit approved nurses to provide a limited range of medicines, where there is little or no access to GPs, nurse practitioners, paramedics or pharmacists. Queensland and Victoria have both implemented this model. For example, in central Australia, much of the direct patient contact is provided by nurses and Aboriginal health practitioners, with doctors reviewing tests and examinations remotely.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Engaging teachers as co-designers in the implementation of technology-enhanced learning activities results in the greatest integration of technology-rich activities in teachers’ practices compared with them being re-designers or simply executors of designed activities (Cviko, McKenney and Voogt, 2014). This gives agency to teachers as learners and fosters the development of professional learning communities (Lieberman, Campbell and Yashkina, 2015). In order to understand how TEPIs develop, the SITES-M2 study collected information about wider school, regional and national level contexts (Kozma, 2003).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The Institute for Apprenticeships w'ill also be responsible for working with employers to articulate a common set of transferable workplace skills to be required by each technical pathway. The government also proposes to create colleges for high-level technical skills training (mostly Levels 4 and 5), called National Colleges, for the development of skills known to be in high-demand, including high-speed rail, digital skills, nuclear, onshore oil and gas, and the creative and cultural industries. Furthermore, to meet recognised demand for higher-level STEM skills, Institutes of Technology will be introduced to co-ordinate technical education in STEM subjects at higher levels (Levels 3, 4 and 5) across higher education, further education and private providers and industry. Students studying in National Colleges and Institutes of Technology at Levels 4 to 6 will be eligible for income-contingent Advanced Learning Loans, similar to those offered to university students. But in addition to more skills, investing in the right skills is equally important. Targeted financial incentives can promote access to higher education for individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds, or encourage the development of specific high-demand skills.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
As a microfinancing institute acting as a banking correspondent, Cashpor is able to offer a zero-balance savings account, called Apna, to its poorest clients who previously did not have access to a safe place for their savings. The mobile phone is used as a delivery mechanism for the Apna savings services. Deposits and withdrawals are conducted on the mobile phone through an SMS service, which uses the mobile phone number as the account number.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The voting pow'er of the education sector is quite potent in political elections. Then, this merger issue has not been placed on the debating table although the solution is quite clear. When taking into account that the financial resources are utterly insufficient to cover all the fiscal needs, which are dramatically increasing due to the explosive welfare budget, policy directions and priorities for resource allocation should be re-designed for sustainable fiscal development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It was formed as a result of an emergency measure of flood control to prevent the breaking of Chardara irrigation dam, and in order to prevent damage downstream of the Syr Darya in the territory of Kazakhstan in 1969 (21.0 km’). The System includes three brackish water lakes (Aydar-Kul, Arnasay and Tuzkan). It is one of the latgcst reservoirs in Uzbekistan, covering about 3,500 km2, with an average depth of 8-10 meters.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Concentrations of population and economic activity in urban areas are additional complicating factors. Among the important issues facing cities, this chapter discusses the challenges related to air pollution and how to respond to them through smart city policies. Air pollution can damage human capital and create other non-health costs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The particular risks of the agricultural sector, exacerbated by a particularly risk-averse financial services sector and unpredictable government policies limit access to agricultural finance to a narrow group of large farmers and preclude smaller farmers from the possibility to finance the modernisation of their production and the expansion of their trade. The study discusses actions put in place by Aid for Trade programmes aimed at enhancing access to agricultural credit. The remainder of the section is structured as follows: a description of the structure of the agricultural sector in Zambia and of the specific constraints burdening the financing of agricultural production and trade, and a discussion of the aid-for-trade interventions meant to address those constraints. Agriculture occupies 85% of the labour force and represents 21.4% of the country’s GDP.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
J. (2006), “Measurement of the Contribution of Informal sector/informal Employment to GDP in Developing Countries: some conceptual and methodological issues", Expert Group on Informal Sector Statistics (Delhi Group). The African Statistical Journal, Volume 9. Chambre de commerce et d'industrie du BEnin, Cotonou.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The HEAT target “Deliver faster access to mental health services by delivering 18 weeks referral to treatment for psychological therapies from December 2014” was approved by the Scottish Government in November 2010 and is currently being implemented in Health Boards. The objective is to deliver on-time8 evidence-based psychological therapies to efficiently and effectively treat mental disorders. For instance, the Psychological Therapies “Matrix” has been developed as a guide to help Health Boards to deliver efficient and effective psychological therapies. In order to achieve this objective, the Matrix summarises the most up-to-date advice on evidence-based interventions, provides the necessary training for delivering safe and effective therapies, and identifies the key gaps in mental health services. The Driver Diagram has been developed to support the implementation of the target across the Health Board activities. It is a method conceived to identify the parts of the mental health delivery system that need to be improved, and then to make recommendations for specific changes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This article details a simulation of formulating a new international human rights treaty designed for an introductory international studies course. Student understanding and interest in a range of international relations topics—including diplomacy, two-level games, international law, human rights, and group decision making—are reinforced by actively engaging the students in policy formulation and state-to-state negotiations. The article is structured around the four key components of active learning approaches—educational objectives, design parameters, procedures, and assessment and debriefing—in order to provide a full understanding of the goals, set-up, process, and advantages of the simulation. The simulation has been successfully run multiple times at both a large state university and a small liberal arts institution. Supportive student feedback and an interesting variety of outcomes indicate that this simulation is a positive addition to the course and reinforces the use of active learning approaches in the international studies classroom.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)