albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The 2012 Law on Forests regulates relations for the protection, restoration, forestation, tenure and use of forests and prevention of forest and steppe fires (chapter 13). The 2016 Law on Crop Production regulates cropland use and preservation of soils used in agriculture. The 1997 Government Resolution No.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The Finnish health care system offers good quality health care at a moderate cost, provides universal coverage, and enjoys high public satisfaction. It has contributed to improvements in the health of the Finnish population over the past decades, as evidenced by spectacular increases in survival rates following heart attack, stroke and cancer. Nevertheless, on a number of health outcome and efficiency indicators, Finland is lagging the best OECD performers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
While consistent with early cross-country analyses (e.g. Perotti 1996, Deininger and Squire, 1998) such a simple correlation is not in itself confirmation of the human capital accumulation theory (theory b above). To test this, it is necessary to see whether the sign and strength of the relationship between inequality and education varies across individuals depending on their socio-economic background. More generally, results based on cross-country variation (including the so-called “Gatsby Curve”, which plots the relationship between inequality and earnings mobility in a subset of OECD economies) are likely to suffer from biases induced by observed and unobserved time invariant country-specific confounding factors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
This article reviews recent anthropological scholarship of Arab-majority societies in relation to geopolitical and theoretical shifts since the end of the Cold War, as well as conjunctures of research location, topic, and theory. Key contributions of the subfield to the larger discipline include interventions into feminist theorizing about agency, theories of modernity, analyses of cultural production/consumption that destabilize the culture concept, approaches to religion that integrate textual traditions with practice, experience, and institutions, and research on violence that emphasizes routinization and affect. Emerging work in the areas of race and ethnicity, secularism, law, human rights, science and technology, and queer studies has the potential to strengthen anthropology of the region as well as to contribute to the discipline more broadly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This paper explores multi-generational shifts in identities and community building among the ‘new’ African diaspora in Vancouver, Canada. Drawing on interviews with adult migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, teen migrants, and second-generation adults, the paper highlights how diasporic identities are gendered, racialized, and place-based. The first generation struggles to remain African, with men focused more on maintaining links with the homeland and women engaged more with strategies of homemaking in Canada. In contrast, second-generation young men develop stronger affinities with the nearby African-American diaspora, while their sisters are more likely to identify with the local African-Canadian community and, like their parents, to dis-identify with the larger African-American diaspora.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Tonga’s Ministry of Education, Women’s Affairs and Culture (MoEWAC) is working to seize this opportunity, getting involved in national and regional media industry-oriented workshops, in order to foster opportunities for co-operation. The ministry has worked with local media to educate them on agendas such as EFA, the MDGs and the UNDESD, and one representative has indicated that the media has become a ‘catalyst and advocate for local co-operation and contributions to sustainable development, especially at the grassroots and community level’. None of these associations are commonly made with mainstream or mass media sources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Comment des principes cruciaux relatifs aux droits de I’hommetelsque I’egalite et la non-discrimination, les meilleurs interets de I’enfant et le droit a une vie exem pte de violences faconnent-ils la comprehension de la famille ? Comment ces obligations liees aux droits de I’homme doivent-ils guider I’adoption de politiques publiques qui ont un impact sur la famille ? Comment peuvent-elles etre adaptees a la diversite des families dans un pays?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Patent buyouts, prizes and proportional prizes may be other means of doing so (Elliot, 2010, Bhagwati, 2005). See http://www.gavialliance.org/media_ centre/press_releases/2010_03_23_amc_commitment.php (accessed 6 February 2011). In the current context, a larger number of actors (civil society organizations, the private sector, farmers and multilateral organizations) contribute towards this end.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
However, in 2011 the Ministry for Environmental Protection (MEP) undertook a trial to assess air, soil and water quality in a sample of 364 villages. This is consistent with recent studies showing significant pollution spillovers from cities into surrounding areas and high levels of pollution coming from rural areas themselves (Cao et al., Likewise, rivers can transport pollution over large distances such that populations living in areas without high concentrations of heavily polluting industries may be exposed to upstream activities as well as environmental accidents which continue to pose a serious threat (He et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In Greece, a reform in 2010, followed by an additional adjustment in 2012, significantly reduced notice periods and severance pay. In Estonia, the new Labour Code enforced in July 2009, radically changed the menu of remedies available to courts in the case of unfair dismissals, by making the possibility of reinstatement conditional on the agreement of both parties - except in certain discrimination cases - and halving the amount of compensation that should be paid to the worker. In addition, notification requirements for individual dismissals were simplified and notice periods and severance pay schedules made more progressive with respect to job tenure and, on average, somewhat smaller. In the Slovak Republic, the reform of the Labour Code of September 2011 reduced notice periods, suppressed severance pay conditional on observing notice and lifted the obligation of negotiating with government authorities in the case of collective dismissals.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
As care is not normally to be given without the individual’s consent, compulsory treatment may only be ordered for patients who object to care, but are suffering from a serious psychiatric disturbance (excluding developmental disability). This care is only to be provided in instances where “due to their psychiatric condition or personal circumstances”, an individual needs psychiatric treatment that will only be effective if the patient is admitted to an inpatient psychiatric care facility (Bolling et al, 2009). Involuntary outpatient treatment, under special conditions, may only begin after a period of involuntary inpatient treatment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Regulatory uncertainties, including liability issues and the lack of interoperability of existing platforms, remain challenges that stand in the way of widespread deployment of the technology. Until these are addressed, key players providing for legal security to a very large market of US$ 2 trillion annually will not commit (Manders, 2017). Although the technology holds interesting promises to cut a variety of costs associated with cross-border payments, its disruptive effect will only be felt if and once these challenges are addressed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The provisions for partnership in Goal 8 of the MDGs need to be strengthened and include quantitative, time-bound targets, besides those established for ODA flows. The crises of the last decade have shown that instability in global markets (e.g., finance, food, fuel) is a key issue demanding priority attention. In addition, rising natural disasters, partly caused by climate change, as well as political violence and poor health conditions continue to contribute to human insecurity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Furthermore, until recently women’s pensionable age was lower than that of men in many pension systems across the OECD. Pension reform means that pensionable ages in future are projected to be the same for men and women in all OECD countries, except for Chile, Poland, Israel and Switzerland (OECD, 2015). Pensions” include public pensions, private pensions, survivor’s benefits and disability benefits. The gender gap in pensions is calculated for people aged 65 and older only.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In 1983, the First Tourism Master Plan laid the foundations for the sustainable development of tourism and its integration into the social and economic development of the country, including the establishment of regulations governing the quality of services and facilities provided to tourists (Kundur, 2012). However, the narrow economic base arising from this heavy concentration on tourism leaves the economy vulnerable to external shocks, particularly the vagaries of international travel trends. The Government has modernized the previously informal fishing sector to include more advanced and efficient techniques.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
But the system has faced several challenges. Notably, compliance has been difficult with the price of emission allowances so volatile (Wara and Victor 2008). Also, as a new scheme, there are complexities in measurement, reporting and verification, requiring a large, well trained staff and robust legislative procedures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Over the past three decades, the important role that anthropological theory has bestowed on the body, modernity, nationalism, the state, citizenship, transnationalism, globalization, gender, and sexuality has placed sports at the center of questions central to the discipline. New approaches to the body, based on practice theory, view the sporting body as more than just a biological entity, allowing us to observe sports as they “travel” transnationally and illuminating issues relevant to such dynamics as colonialism, globalization, sport mega-events, and labor migration. A distinctly anthropological approach, with its unique research methods, approaches to theory, and holistic thinking, can utilize insights from the constitution of sport as human action to illuminate important social issues in a way that no other discipline can. On this foundation, the anthropology of sport is now poised to make significant contributions to our understanding of central problems in anthropology.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Figure 2.2 shows the funding source of R&D spent for selected countries across the different income groups. However, the eligible expenditures to be counted as ODA has evolved since with decisions to include administrative costs, imputed student costs and refugee costs during the 1970s and 1980s. ( Hynes and Scott, 2013[8]). Similarly, the statistical reporting of ODA has evolved through the decades, moving from aggregates to activity-based reporting through the Creditor Reporting System.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The Single Commodity Transfers (SCT) indicator measures support that is directed at specific commodities and creates commodity-specific production incentives. As shown in Figure 1.10, these transfers consist predominantly of market price support and payments per tonne produced, while other categories of support are only marginally provided in commodity-specific forms, e.g. payments based on specific crop area or animal type. On aggregate, 88% of total producer support in OECD countries was provided in the form of transfers to specific commodities in 1986-88, this proportion was 75% in 1995-97, and had declined to 53% by 2011-13 (Table A.8).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The RBDAs were expected to take over planning and programming functions, including the development of District Management Plans. However, the new institutional framework encountered serious opposition from interest groups and experts, including an influential NGO, the “183 Group”.11 Interest groups accused the authorities of introducing arbitrary delimitations of the hydrological basins without adequate consultations with the regions, inconsistency of the new framework with the previous water basins arrangement and the European directives, and lack of transition periods for appropriate introduction of the new framework. Due to difficulties in introducing the new governance system, the RBDAs were not created. To fill the gap and avoid non-compliance with the WFD, a new legal framework created in 2009 assigned the task of developing the first river basin management plans (RBMPs) to six selected, already existing national river basin authorities in co-operation with the regions belonging to each district (Table 4.2).12 In the case of the regional districts of Sardinia and Sicily, responsibility was assigned to the regions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Report commissioned by the Government of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Slovenia and World Health Organization/ European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Building Primary Care in a Changing Europe - Case Studies, Observatory Study Series No. Brussels, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies/Nivel. Ljubljana, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Slovenia and World Health Organization/ European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Preface Acknowledgements INTRODUCTION: Why Rethink: Critical Genealogies in the Discipline Part 1: Foundational Assumptions Section Introduction 1. Feminism, Layli Maparyan 2. Interdisciplinarity, Diane Lichtenstein 3. Methods, Katherine Side 4. Pedagogy, Susanne Luhmann 5. Points to Ponder Part 2: Ubiquitous Descriptions Section Introduction 6. Activism, Catherine M. Orr 6. Waves, Astrid Henry 7. Besiegement, Alison Piepmeier 8. Community, Martha McCaughey Points to Ponder Part 3: Epistemologies Rethought Section Introduction 9. Intersectionality, Vivian May 10. Identity (Politics), Scott Morgensen 11. Queer, Jennifer Purvis Points to Ponder Part 4: Silences and Disavowals Section Introduction 12. Discipline, Ann Braithwaite 13.History, Wendy Kolmar 14. Secularity, Karlyn Crowley 15. Sexuality, Merri Lisa Johnson Points to Ponder Part 5: Establishment Challenges Section Introduction 15. Trans, Bobby Noble 16. Institutionalization, Aimee Carrillo-Rowe 17. Transnational, Laura Parisi Points to Ponder CONCLUSION: Continuing the Conversation Web Resources Reference List About the Contributors Index
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
With funding from UNICEF, the FAO contracted the authors to write the review. The authors are grateful for the constructive and thoughtful input provided by staff from both these organizations. Children are particularly vulnerable - 66 million children go to school hungry, one in four are stunted, and nearly half of deaths of children under five are attributable to poor nutrition [2]. As concerning as these numbers are, by focusing narrowly on anthropometric consequences of malnutrition rather than on child food insecurity more holistically, we probably underestimate the extent to which children are negatively impacted by food-related hardships. Child food insecurity is related to hunger and malnutrition, but it also includes experiences of worry, stigma, and shame related to food challenges.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Vanuatu, for example, has combined data on earthquakes and tropical cyclones with information on exposure and vulnerability and then used a probabilistic risk assessment model to estimate total average annual losses (Figure IV-3). This was used to identify high-risk areas, for appropriate development plans and interventions. Pacific Catastrophe Risk and Financing Initiative - Country Risk Profile Vanuatu.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
These species often constitute significant financial transactions, both for national economies as well as to black markets. Due to lack of clear definitions, the boundaries between different types of environmental crimes is sometimes unclear. Crime groups coordinate through harvesting, trading, and transporting networks to subvert national and international laws and move wildlife products to market.76 A financier who can supply weapons and material to poaching parties often directs harvesting networks. As illicit economies grow and political power is looted by transnational criminal organizations states will weaken further in a vicious cycle of state degradation accompanied by increased foreign illicit trade.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Households with older adults tend to spend more on care, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of total spending (see figure 22). On top of that, older women must often take on the role of main care provider for their spouses— a task that can be hard enough to even hasten their own vulnerability. Incudes households which report expenditure on care. Although the Convention affirms the right of all persons with disabilities to live in the community on an equal basis with the rest of the population, ensuring that this right can be realized in practice requires setting up a proper network of home care, staff and other support services and technical aids. It is important to bear in mind, however, that the data available are not entirely comparable between countries, because the questions contained in the various measurement instruments —which can be censuses, household surveys or specialized surveys— refer to very different degrees of disability'. Care for persons with disabilities can be the mechanism for ensuring the exercise of their rights and participation in society.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Such low rates are, in fact, widespread in Europe - the share of couple families working dual reduced full-time hours is lower than 5% in 17 out of 26 countries. About 34.8% of German couple families have a father who works 40 or more hours per week and a mother who works 29 hours per week or less (Figure 2.12, white bars), while about 23.9% have a father working 40 or more hours and a mother who is inactive or unemployed (grey bars). In Eastern European countries, as in Sweden and Portugal, the most common set-up is both parents working full-time (dark blue bars, and Chapter 4). In Germany, the share of families practicing this “reduced full-time hours plus small part-time” model is 5.3%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Another reason for the shift is political. Is it necessary' and desirable that public bodies undertake activities w'hich could alternatively be carried out by developers? In answer to this question, most developers do not want municipalities to withdraw from land development because the developers benefit from close co-operation, rather than conflict.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Initially targeted on children up to 7 years of age living in families in poverty, the Child Support Grant was gradually extended to children below age 18 living in poverty. The expansion of social assistance to children in poverty highlights a new focus on addressing poverty and inequality through strengthening human development. The main conclusions point to the significant role of landmark political change in generating an expansion of anti-poverty programmes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Currently, there is no gender requirement in the FPA’s hiring practices. Key policy recommendations (cont.) Such measures may include disclosure requirements, target setting or quotas and the inclusion of the gender perspective in managerial performance criteria in order to improve executive accountability for gender balance at all levels and in all occupational groups. Such data would include variables like contract types and wages and salaries by grade, scale, and occupation. Indeed, over the past decade, alongside efforts to incorporate the gender perspective into all government action, Mexico has embarked upon a series of reforms to narrow' the gender gap in public decision making.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Created by the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) in 2003, the WLSG is not a formal decision-making forum, but a platform aiming at sharing information, fostering a common vision, influencing policy and building consensus. Members include high-level representatives from relevant government departments such as Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, Environmental Affairs, Agriculture, Energy, Human Setdements, Mineral Resources, Trade and Industry as well as the Planning Commission, the Presidency and National Treasury. Other members include water institutions such as catchment management agencies, water boards and water users’ associations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In the context of the 2030 Agenda, the importance of rural development is further increased by its role in Sustainable Development Goals 1 (“End poverty in all its forms everywhere") and 2 (“End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture”). In this context, graduation with momentum is also likely to require measures to redress the limited availability of skills, for example through appropriate vocational training schemes and initiatives to match school curricula with the market’s needs. It provides a source of demand for agricultural outputs and of finance for agricultural investment, facilitates the supply of agricultural inputs, and can increase the tradability of agricultural produce and provide opportunities for greater value addition.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In these systems, health care is mainly provided by the public sector and financed through taxation. Two distinctive features of the Finnish system are a high degree of decentralisation and a parallel system of funding combining taxation and national health insurance (Figure 2.4). Excluding occupational and student health care as well as dental care. Gross health investments, occupational and student health care and therapeutic appliances.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This, in turn, stalls innovation and improvements in living standards. New data from die Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) show that in all countries adults with lower literacy proficiency are far more likely titan those with better literacy skills to report poor health, to perceive themselves as objects rather than actors in political processes, and to have less trust in others. In other words, we cannot develop fair and inclusive policies and engage with all citizens if a lack of proficiency in foundation skills prevents people from frilly participating in society. Overall, OECD analysis and data suggests that countries can — and should - do better in matching die demand and supply of skills.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The so-called segment A consists of hospital services for which regulated prices are derived from a global hospital budget. The segment B consists of hospital services where prices are freely negotiated with health insurers, and typically comprise less complex services (e.g. knee and hip replacements). The share of segment B has increased from less than 10% in 2005 to more than 30% in 2011 and 70% following the 2012 reform (described below). At the same time, real prices in the segment B have declined, reflecting the increased bargaining power of health insurers (Table 7).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)