albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Fram, M.S., et al., Development and Validation of a Child Report Assessment of Child Food Insecurity and Comparison to Parent Report Assessment. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2013. Carr-Hill, R., Missing millions and measuring development progress. World Development, 2013.46: p. 30-44.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
High quality care for pregnant women and newborns is often lacking, even for babies and mothers who have contact with the health system (UNICEF, 2015). The strong association between mortality and various measures of socio-economic status (as measured by household wealth and mother's education) remains even after other potential causal factors are taken into account. Those factors include mother’s age, urban/rural type of residence, and key characteristics of the child such as sex, birth order, length of previous birth interval).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
A complete international political economy connects transnational media structures with programming content demonstrating themes and ideologies that promote transnational capitalist social relations, including consumerism, individualism, deference to authority, and a dampening of citizenship. Series melodramas, known internationally as telenovelas, does not appear as a cultural or media response by Latin American cultures resisting American imperialism, but as a hybrid genre articulating popular consent for transnational capitalist hegemony.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
More difficult to ascertain is where the lines of connection between generations remain strong, where these have become eroded and the possibilities seen by both parents and adolescents to sustain or retrieve these in new ways. Several decades of labour migration and high HIV prevalence in much of the region have had an impact on instances of unstable adult unions, parental death and the movement of children between caregivers (Amoateng & Heaton, 2007, Moore, 2013, Whyte, Alber, & Geissler, 2004). In Zimbabwe this was exacerbated more recently by the economic crisis (Parsons, 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Despite this objective, however, no information directly linked with the field of ICT in initial teacher education was found. This is the case for the Czech Republic and Greece. To date, 92 000 teachers (76% in total) have been already familiarised with basic computer applications, while the rest of the teachers are currently attending such courses.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The latter phenomenon has important implications, as the process or the likelihood of reducing the discrepancies between one's aspirations and outcomes may itself be more relevant to well-being than the level of said discrepancies. For instance, the so-called "paradox of contented female workers" (Agassi, 1982) describes a situation where, because of different aspirations (and in particular lower emphasis being placed on earnings in comparison to men), although women in general are aware of the gender wage gap, they do not report significantly greater dissatisfaction with their job and consequently their subjective well-being (Crosby 1982, Lalive and Stutzer, 2010, Davidson, 2004). First, we start by investigating the relationship at the macro-level, by focusing on cross-country variation (Model 1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The increase in involuntary part-time work during the downturn has been mainly in low-paid jobs. Part-time unemployment is more likely to be involuntary for people with lower educational and occupational levels (Cam, 2012). Even though involuntary part-time work has increased for both genders, the rise is particularly sharp for men.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
While cost structures for an IPO and ICO may not be directly comparable due to differences in regulation, real savings can be realised in the post-IPO/ICO stage. Thinking of tasks such as dividend payments or shareholder voting requiring many intermediaries such as accountants, lawyers, and bankers, switching from paper-based to digital ownership with the issuance of equity tokens permits full code-driven automation without intermediaries and at reduced cost of governance. The investor therefore either receives return on investment as consequence of the value gain of equity or through dividends, or receives future services that are offered by the investment project (renewable power, access to shared bikes, etc.). This core concept is described in greater detail in section 3.1.1.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Objective: The study's objectives were to characterize the participation of patients in nursing care and in choosing integrative and complementary therapies, and then to analyze this participation from the perspective of nursing care ethics. Method: Qualitative research conducted with patients receiving ICT in public health facilities where there are nurses to apply these therapies. Approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the facilities involved. The sensitive creative method and discourse analysis were used. Results: When the autonomy and participation of subjects were considered as citizenship issues, the discussion concerning their right to choose among services provided is resumed. The right as an ethical condition implies having appropriate access to information regarding different therapeutic possibilities, this depends on broadening the subjects' understanding and how they act upon the world and themselves. Conclusion: It is important not to lose sight of the ICT essence of integrality, its principles and purposes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Owing to the good growing conditions for the trees and fast growing hybrids in that region and thanks to the characteristics of this type of wood, this company expects to be able to develop a sustainable and economically viable alternative to tropical plywood. It should, therefore, have an impact on wood prices in some regions and for certain categories of wood products, such as co-products from the w'ood-processing industry' and lower quality w'ood. Some representatives of traditional industries consider that the subsidies granted directly or indirectly for wood eneigy create unfair competition.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
One of the most prominent risks is the trade tension between the United States and China. The rising trade tensions may affect Emerging Asia through various channels. Import growth from ASEAN showed signs of improving in March 2019, but prospects are uncertain. While new tariff measures were announced in May 2019, the resumption of trade talks during the G20 summit sends a positive signal. The downturn in China’s imports since late 2018 has affected ASEAN to varying degrees.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Taxes levied by SNGs should fall on local residents or non-residents (commuters and visitors) who benefit from the services. Table 3.6 provides guidance on how different revenue tools can be used to finance infrastructure and public services. However, the experience of countries like Brazil suggests that such a move has its risks. Each of the 26 federal states set their own indirect tax rates.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
And although women’s labour market participation is increasing among younger cohorts, long vesting periods will continue to limit women’s access to retirement benefits for some time if no adequate instruments exist to compensate for periods of time dedicated to unpaid work. This was common in the structural pension reforms in Latin America (Dion 2008). In Argentina, after contributory requirements to obtain a pension were increased to 30 years, coverage rates of the elderly population (aged 65 and over) declined from 86 to 73 per cent for men and from 73 to 65 per cent for women between 1994 and 2004 (Rofman et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The case studies report on an impressive range of media and advocacy tools - from short films and documentaries to gender equality workplace toolkits to e-learning modules that provide innovative strategies like how to start conversations on workplace gender equality, and how to use practical tools such as the pay-gap calculator. The ‘Be a Role Model’ national campaign, which aimed to reduce social acceptance of intimate partner violence, followed months of workshops and one-to-one dialogues at individual, community and regional levels. The campaign’s messages reached more than 4.5 million people in six months using ads in eight newspapers, two television stations and three radio stations, posters and brochures, and community outreach.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Within a few years, SIDBI has become the most important financial institution in the development of SMEs in India. The approach was technology focused. Initially this programme enabled the diagnosis of 25 SME clusters in the country and developed specific manuals/booklets which help to train energy auditors on the specificities of EE financing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
For instance, in the early-mid 2000s, the English-speaking countries, Israel and Poland ranked highest in terms of the inequality indicators of both market and disposable income. That countries with the highest market-income inequality are also those with the highest inequality in disposable income is notable as it contrasts with findings from studies that include the elderly population (e.g., Jesuit and Mahler, 2004). This can be interpreted as choosing a social welfare function that attaches greater importance to the situation of low-income households (see Duclos, 2000).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
These incentives are provided until the end of 2023. At the time of publication, over 36 000 claims had been made, with over GBP 3 billion of relief claimed, supporting over GBP 32 billion of R&D activities by companies. To enable companies to access the scheme more easily, the government announced the dropping of the condition that any IP deriving from the R&D must be owned by the company making the claim.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Four main areas are covered: politics and governance, the judiciary, civil service and the private sector. Statistical agencies in many countries do not routinely collect and disseminate data on women in power and decisionmaking, and few international or regional organizations compile those statistics. ' The most readily available information on decision-making is the number and proportion of women in national parliaments and key elected positions, collected under the auspices of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and monitored within the framework of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The European Commissions database on women and men in decision-making gives a comprehensive regional picture of women and men in top positions.5 The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s (UNECE) Gender Statistics Database and the United Nations Development Fund’s (UNIFEM) biennial Progress of the World’s Women provided additional statistics on some of the topics covered in the chapter. The statistics and analysis on some of these topics are based in large part on sources available from private or non-governmental organizations. The presentation and analysis on these topics are therefore relatively limited.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Public governance • Regulatory quality of the electricity market • Multi-level governance Regulatory quality and public sector integrity are two dimensions of public governance that critically matter for the confidence and decisions of all investors and for reaping the development benefits of investment. Cross-cutting issues • Regional co-operation • Public-private partnerships (corporate governance) • Trade policy Better integration helps policy coherence. Countries at different stages of technological and economic development will find different issues more relevant to their specific situation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In order to provide a more complete picture, multilateral contributions should also be taken into account. The OECD Working Party on Statistics propose a possible approach to classifying and reporting both bilateral and multilateral climate finance in the future (in their technical document DCD/DAC/STAT(2011)11). This would require improved capacity and training for data coders. The OECD DAC statistical team has in turn benefited from information gathered by researchers in this area to work with countries where errors were identified and correct statistical entries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In many cultures, women’s domain is in the market, in religious groups, among other mothers and, increasingly, in the medical and counselling professions. If information about peacebuilding programmes is circulated only through male social networks, women will not have the knowledge required for active participation. Moreover, the failure to include women’s networks in peacebuilding programmes can restrict the ability of leaders to gain the consent and support needed to implement peace agreements. The paradoxical logic of patriarchy condones or ignores private and structural forms of violence against women, while prohibiting public violence against or repression of women.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The companies may be subject to inspections by CAR authorities to verify compliance with these conditions. In the chemicals sector, companies voluntarily participating in Responsible Care, described below, are expected to follow the guidelines on accident prevention specified in this programme. The CCS and ARLs assist companies by providing reference materials for dealing with occupational and environmental safety of factories.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Although the law does not stipulate a statutoiy minimum female quota, a firm cannot set a goal where the share of women in senior positions would be less than the current share if that share has already reached 30%. Companies have to report publicly on progress in reaching their objectives. They must meet them bv June 2017, then draw up new ones. About 3 500 companies are concerned.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Households at the top of the income distribution get a large share of national income: the top 10% earns 26.5 times the average income of the bottom 10%, compared to an OECD average of 9.6 times. Similarly, wealth is concentrated at the top: while the bottom 40% holds only 1.65% of total income, the top 1% holds 21% (Lopez et al., Evidence shows that 73-91% of the upper class has Caucasian genes, while 68 -70% have this characteristic and only 40-45 % of the lowest class (Cruz-Coke and Moreno, 1994, Diaz Vidal, 2014). Therefore, the major indigenous populations in Chile are overrepresented in the lowest deciles of the income distribution. And although in the past they used to be a rural population in the south of Chile, today half of the indigenous population reside in Santiago (Diaz Vidal, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, more highly-educated husbands do perform a larger share of household work, perhaps implying that education may lead men to be more open towards sharing die burden of unpaid work. However, data limitations did not allow this operation. Conversely, retired household members may be able to perform large amounts of household and care work, thus relieving other household members of some of this burden.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Good governance approaches in policy formulation and implementation - based on key concepts like participation, networking, transparency and accountability - are more and more adopted by the EU in addressing its rural policies reforms. Public Administrations at all levels should be evaluated with respect to their capacity to respect good governance principles. First, on the basis of a meta-analysis of ongoing initiatives (e.g. the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators), a methodological framework for assessing the quality of new governance modes is presented. Secondly, on the basis of case-studies in Italy, the monitoring and evaluation tools currently used by the European Commission to assess Administrations’ performances in rural development programs and Leader approach are compared with the proposed framework. Gaps are identified and discussed. Findings demonstrate, among others, the weakness of the European evaluation system in the analysis of the cost/benefit ratio of (local) governance and non market (environmental, social, distributive) effects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
First, employers’ participation reinforces the value of certification. Second, additional routes to prepare examinations to obtain certification facilitate the recognition of prior learning and other forms of learning. Criteria and procedures for federally regulated examinations are defined by top level employer and trade union organisations (German Employers’ Organisation for Vocational and Further Training and Confederation of German Trade Unions) (Hippach-Schneider et al, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The net abatement is then 216 (200-233) MtC02eq (6.66 MtCHJ in 2025 and 357 (323-384) MtC02eq (10.0 MtCHJ in 2030. Further, because of the great variations between onsite conditions, individual countries must be able to use a variety of country-specific measures to achieve the targeted reduction rates. We therefore base our cost estimate on the most comprehensive assessment of global methane abatement opportunities to date, the US EPA 2013 report on Global Mitigation of Non-C02 Greenhouse gases (US EPA, 2013). In so doing, we are strictly speaking assuming that each target country will not take exactly the same measures as in Norway, but rather that they will implement the measures that are most cost-effective for their individual circumstances in order to reach the same rate of reduction in methane intensity of oil and gas production as Norway.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Figure 6, for example, shows the proportion of children in each country who lack 2,3, 4 and 5 or more of the 14 items. The findings of this table will be considered under the heading Assessing government performance (p. 19). It has been suggested, for example, that a single measure of child poverty might be constructed by counting as poor only those children who are poor under both definitions - i.e. those who lack two or more of the items on the deprivation index and who live in households where incomes are less than 50% of the national median.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The study aims to describe gender violence phenomena in Danielle Steel’s novels.  The data sources were his three novels entitled Malice, The Ghost, and Journey. The data analysis was content analysis using the interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings are as follows. First, gender violence includes physical, psychological, and sexual violence. Second, the causes of violence against women are: (a) gender discrimination, (b) weak law enforcement, and (c) dominance of patriarchal values.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Nominal discount rates would be higher, reflecting inflation (see Chapter 8). These rates should not be seen as being applicable to particular projects but as a method to compare the costs of various technologies across regions. ( The opportunity cost of capital at the time of investment as determined by the income it could potentially generate in alternative uses.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The New Zealand Invalid's Benefit and the Australian Disability Support Pension are examples of means-tested first-tier incapacity-related benefits. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognizes the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Pursuant to Article 11 of the Tunisian Code of Private International Law (CPIL), academics in Tunisia support the idea that the control of the jurisdiction of foreign courts was completely abolished. This article criticizes this prevailing opinion in Tunisia and shows that reintroducing some jurisdictional review is highly recommended. It demonstrates that abolishing the control of the “competence indirecte” leads to the inconsistencies in the code itself and makes international conventions more restrictive than domestic law. It also demonstrates that the absence of jurisdictional review exposes defendants to exorbitant jurisdictions, promotes forum shopping and goes against fundamental tenets of preserving procedural human rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It also stems from the widespread use by policy-makers of purely economic measures (e.g. corporate profits, GDP) as the ultimate but ill-conceived benchmark of progress (Stiglitz, Sen and Fitoussi, 2009, Costanza et al. Indeed, theoretical economic models underpinning this approach largely ignore the broader macroeconomic, social and environmental context. They do not take into account the role of income distribution in determining the level of domestic demand and economic stability. They also fail to acknowledge the existence of unequal initial endowments as well as environmental and other market failures that perpetuate unsustainable development, and which discriminatory taxation could seek to correct.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The level of trade can affect price transmission. Market prices for certain importers, such as Bangladesh, reacted less than international prices, showing similar movements in terms of timing but with considerably less amplitude. Prices in some large markets such as Japan, India and China barely reacted at all to international price movements.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
From 2006-2014, urban social cohesion contracts focused on neighbourhoods in difficulty. The 2015-2020 city contracts act on a wide range of levels, organised around three pillars: development of economic activities and employment, social cohesion, and living conditions and urban renewal. The city contracts established within the City Policy are exemplary for the role that they give to the inhabitants of the target inter-municipalities and cities, which are represented by citizen councils.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
First, accounting for environmental externalities (“air pollution”, mainly of S02, NOx and PM2.5, “climate externalities" in the form of GHG emissions and “other costs”, including radioactivity) significantly alters the cost comparison across different technologies, especially for coal-based generation. Second, solar- and wind-based generation (and to a lesser extent nuclear) are characterized by relatively high capital expenditure, with negligible marginal operating costs. Third, unlike fully controllable technologies, variable renewable technologies have positive system costs, reflecting the need to balance their variable temporal profile and enhance grid flexibility. These costs increase with the unpredictability of the energy source, so are higher for wind than for solar.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
At local level, the main partners have been the collaboration of local food producers, R0rosmat as well as the R0ros Museum and World Heritage and local businesses. Destination Roros is currently (spring 2016) undergoing the recertification process. Additionally, the goal is to encourage even more companies to apply for an environmental certificate and to train more people.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
As we wrote (Stiglitz and Charlton 2006), Aid forTrade had the potential to complement trade liberalisation and increase the ability of developing countries to take advantage of market access opportunities delivered through multilateral trade negotiations. After all, the concept of aid programmes focused on trade was not new. The International Trade Information Centre was established in 1964 under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to provide trade-related assistance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)