albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Finally, benefit offices and caseworkers sometimes have considerable room for discretion (e.g., by awarding support in special circumstances). As a result, a summary of legal provisions is unlikely to fully capture changes “on the ground”. Budgetary pressures are one factor that can drive differences in access to these programmes which are not apparent from an inspection of formal eligibility rules. Not all programmes have an entitlement character, and some recipients may be excluded despite being eligible.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Through a robust and structured process, the framework helps organize, identify, measure and value impacts and dependencies on natural capital and can catalyse investment in NBS. For example, values found in most religions, including Islam, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Christianity, advocate equity between man and nature and appropriate use instead of over-use and purification after use (Taylor, 2005). Likewise, Mother Earth or Mother Nature are common metaphorical expressions for the Earth and its biosphere as the giver and sustainer of life.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Camera traps take automatic photos of animals, triggered by motion. However, reaching the camera traps is dangerous and costly and it is time-consuming to upload the photos, costing at least Dh1 million a year to capture this data. The system also has a back-up transmission system via Wi-Fi in case of failure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Wealth is especially concentrated in the northern states bordering the United States, especially in the eastern part bordering Texas, and in the south part of Gulf of Mexico (Campeche and Tabasco). States in the south Pacific coast (e.g. Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Guerrero) are the most stricken by poverty. Of the seven fastest growing states over the same time period, two are found in the bottom quartile (Nayarit and Zacatecas), three in the second-lowest quartile (Hidalgo, Veracruz and San Luis Potosi), and only two in the top quartile (Campeche and Tabasco) of GDP per capita.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The results and the related analyses may reveal the need for different policy responses depending on which form(s) of poverty different groups of people experience. Standardised datasets (the latest waves of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)), age-groups, dimensions, indicators, and thresholds are used to ensure cross-country comparability. Due to data limitations, only one concept of poverty - deprivation - is analysed (see de Neubourg et al, 2012b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Finally, the ongoing challenges of a lack of human and financial resources, as well as a lack of adequate data and research methodologies, limit the capacity of governments to design policies that could serve to build an intercultural health system. Efforts that codify, protect and advance the individual and collective rights of indigenous peoples, particularly indigenous women, will therefore also have positive health impacts. Furthermore, there must be ongoing integration of the perspectives and needs of indigenous peoples into global health programmes, plans, projects and policies, including initiatives to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. In order to design more effective health policies, there must also be concerted efforts to create improved systems of data collection and research methodology, including research into traditional medicine that incorporate the participation of indigenous communities and reflect cultural and social considerations relating to the health of those communities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
They may also include the positive or negative impacts of different power technology choices on the security of energy and electricity supply, employment and regional cohesion or on innovation and economic development. In principle, an assessment of the full costs of energy provision would integrate these three categories over the whole life cycle of electricity, i.e. from fuel extraction and conditioning, over construction, operations, generation, transport and distribution to decommissioning and waste disposal. Practical considerations will, of course, put a limit to the complete representation of all costs and suggest a concentration on the most important cost categories.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In a previous OECD review of evaluation and assessment in Denmark, Shewbridge et al. ( It could draw on the professional teaching standards that Denmark once these have been developed, but also take school-based indicators and criteria as well as school objectives and contexts into account. It can be low-key and low-cost, and include self-appraisal, peer appraisal, classroom observation, and structured conversations and regular feedback by the school principal and experienced peers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
These achievements have been bolstered by significant investments in health infrastructure and service delivery, heavily supported by international donors. Improved indicators and monitoring systems track progress in health outcomes, including, for example, the proportion of women delivering at health facilities. However, take-up of these services is hampered by lack of information, inaccessible facilities and prohibitive costs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For 2019 and subsequent taxation years, the government has proposed to introduce the Canada Workers Benefit (CWB), an enhanced version of the Working Income Tax Benefit (WITB). Compared to the WITB, the CWB will increase both the maximum benefits received, as w'ell as the income level at which the benefit is phased out completely. As a result, a low-income worker earning $ 15,000 would receive up to almost $500 more from the CWB in 2019 than in 2018.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This makes it harder to imitate and can contribute to a price premium over similar cheese. In addition, each cheese plant also creates additional local employment for about 40 people in a region where non-farm jobs are scarce. Certainly the success of the enterprise is also linked to the willingness of the Mennonite community to adopt a collective approach to the enterprise through a co-operative time organisational form.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The political level at the county (regional) level is (with some exceptions) responsible mainly for healthcare (about 80% of their budgets), planning of transportation infrastructure, public transport, culture, and may engage in other areas such as tourism and culture. The government is currently investigating a major regional reform that will reduce the number of counties from the present 21 to 6 regions. In essence, this initiative formalises and expands upon a past decades trend to reinforce the role of regions, notably by transferring more decision-making power to them from the centre, especially in regional development issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This information was used in Chapter 2, but was not appropriate for use in the empirical analysis in Chapters 3 and 4 given the lack of detail needed for this analysis. It starts with an overview of the macroeconomic environment and the rapid socioeconomic development the country has experienced, in particular during the 1980s and early 1990s. Subsequent sections provide the immigration context and consider the main groups of immigrants, together with a brief discussion on the perception of immigrants and the governance of immigration.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
It is unclear to what extent they have been implemented or yielded the expected results. With few exceptions, implementation of biodiversity policies and plans is not systematically monitored, and their effectiveness, costs and benefits are rarely evaluated. In 2004, in response to rising deforestation rates in the Amazon, the government launched the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Deforestation in Amazonia Legal (PPCDAm).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
These strategies can potentially be implemented by other brands wishing to engage. Recycled-content yarns are often more expensive than virgin, and venturing outside the regular supply chain requires new routines in the company. Therefore, it is key that there is a drive for engagement at leadership level. Brands have tackled this through close cooperation with their suppliers in an iterative development of fabrics that both meet functional needs while including recycled content or being readily recyclable.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
A system for calculating the state of condition is integrated into "Naturtyper i Norge".9 In this system a number of relevant disturbance factors and appurtenant variables have been defined. All variables have a number of levels defined by a "state index" (the description of the system is only available in Norwegian).9 These states indices can most likely also work as threshold values between disturbance levels, but so far this has not been a specified objective for this system and no statistics are available for degraded land in this system. Theoretically such stages/levels can be mapped on any scale and further used to calculate progress of restoration, but this requires large resources and most likely only relevant for specific purposes (like for specific nature types, restricted geographic areas or specific restoration priorities). The "Nature Index" (NI) is a different approach to describe levels of disturbance (Nybp etai.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The GSTP provides a framework for the negotiation of progressive tariff reductions, direct measures and sectoral agreements among its 43 signatories - including seven LDCs (Bangladesh, Benin, Guinea, Mozambique, Myanmar, Sudan and Tanzania) -, under a reciprocal scheme.3 Although only a few LDCs participate in the GSTP, the framework has recognised their special needs, granting its LDC members preferential treatment and non-reciprocal concessions. Importantly, signatories of the GSTP are not required to provide reciprocal concessions to developed countries nor its concessions are available to all WTO Members on a most-favourednation basis. As of January 2011, 31 of the 48 current LDCs had successfully become WTO signatories and twelve other LDCs were negotiating their accession.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Though not illegal in any way, these arrangements have contributed to a negative image of the ITQ system in the public. The Icelandic experience cover a period where urbanisation has increased and where a larger proportion of the population are settled in cities and particularly in Reykjavik. Thus, concentration is linked to other economic processes, but are nonetheless identified with trade of quota and the ITQ system. While there is evidence of some regional concentration, concentration is mostly felt on a local level (Chambers & Kokorsch, 2017, Runolfsson, 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
More remains to be done to decrease waiting times for outpatient hospital appointments in other areas and the Government is committed to building a new outpatient block to provide increased capacity to cater for the demand. An ongoing exercise to improve internal efficiency in the management of outpatient services is also under way with a view to reducing waiting times. Other factors stretching health system capacity include increased immigration from workers and pensioners, tourists using the health system and changing population risk behaviours.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Since 2005 Morocco has produced a gender report providing a vital tool to ensure accountability and in 2007 the Prime Minister of Morocco sent a letter to all departments urging them to take up GRB. Currently, a total of 27 departments, accounting for more than 80 per cent of the government's budget, have adopted the tool. A major advance was achieved in 2004 with the passing of a new family law which guaranteed equality of the sexes in marriage. In the same year, Morocco's new labour code spelt out women's rights to maternity leave. Meanwhile, the confederation of Moroccan businesses (CGEM) has produced guidance to its members to make creches available in workplaces to support working mothers. Which means that when it comes to crucial policies such as universal education, targets are set for both sexes and the barriers which could prevent girls going to school are factored into the budgeting process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Who would manage it is uncertain. Recipient countries have no interest in putting in place compensatory mechanisms to countries supplying skilled labour, arguing that markets operate in this way (and migrants gain from it) and there is no means of knowing how long migrants will stay, despite strong ethical arguments in favour of restitution. Previous considerations of this, more than a quarter of a century ago, were rejected as too idealistic and impractical.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The Deputy Director of the Bureau for Policy and Programme Support of UNDP, Stan Nkwain, explained the role of UNDP as a GEF implementing agency and outlined the way in which it contributed to the UN-REDD partnership. He also highlighted the urgent need to tackle deforestation and forest degradation at all levels, and the contribution that this would make to climate change mitigation. The Permanent Observer for the International Union for Conservation of Nature, Narinder Kakar, explained that the Union worked with partners to build capacity and provide support for the restoration of degraded and deforested lands around the world, adding that it had a global network of 1,269 members in some 160 countries who could leverage support for the implementation of sustainable forest management. He also highlighted the Global Partnership on Forest Landscape Restoration, which is coordinated by a secretariat hosted at the Union and aims to spread best practice and political awareness of restoration and its benefits.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Chinese companies have invested USD 7.44 billion in broadband since 20094, while Malaysian operators invested USD 1.6 billion since 20095. In fact, social scientists and policy makers had been researching the economic contribution of information and communication technologies for quite a while. The first analyses of the impact of fixed telephone density on economic growth were conducted in the mid-1970s by World Bank researchers6.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
For example, during the diffusion process, end-users provide producers with feedback, which should lead to product improvements and further adaptations. The government is often the main actor in basic research, through funding for universities or public research laboratories. In the United States of America, Europe and, more recently, China, many technological breakthroughs of the past decades, including innovations in aeronautics and electronics, were facilitated or funded by Governments (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Thereafter, we briefly discuss some of the possibilities and limits of international human rights in achieving concrete changes to women’s lives and look at some of the strategic considerations that inform a politics around women’s rights. Thus, equality in marriage is referred to specifically in the ICCPR (article 23) and CEDAW (article 16). Women’s representation in political structures is also a regular concern of the HRC and the CEDAW Committee. There is overlap between the CESCR and the CEDAW Committee on some of the major social and economic rights,such as health and education.120 Women's rights in relation to housing, social security, food and water are also increasingly gaining the attention of the committees and special mandate holders.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Adding income from production to property income (section 2) gives primary income. Total income is the sum of primary income and current transfers received (section 4), from this measure it is possible to obtain disposable income, which is total income less current transfers paid (section 8). Total and disposable incomes are the most commonly used income aggregates. However, to provide additional insights into the nature of poverty in a country or area, compilers of poverty statistics may also wish to make use of supplementary income measures, such as income before social transfers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
It begins with an overview of apprenticeship systems - the institutional and governance structures as well as the barriers that employers and individuals face to participation. It then looks more specifically at the role that local public actors can play in helping to overcome these barriers, from facilitating access for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to using public procurement to incentivise apprenticeship opportunities. Finally, it looks at how apprenticeships can be a tool for social inclusion at the local level, considering the role of social enterprises and how apprenticeships can be used to further the labour market integration of refugees. Apprenticeships can also help to tackle low productivity levels and stimulate quality employment opportunities by ensuring that businesses can access people with the right skills.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Inter-generational upward social mobility is also expected to have positive effects on economic growth by improving the allocation of talents and abilities in the economy (Galor and Tsiddon, 1997, Causa, Dantan and Johansson, 2009). Social cohesion in turn benefits norms and institutional rules leading to less risky co-operation, increased innovation and creativity, and higher participation in civil society. Higher social cohesion can strongly enhance people’s well-being (Eurofound and Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2014) and have positive impacts on the economy (Birdsall, Ross and Sabot, 1995, Easterly, Ritzen and Woolcock, 2006).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
As a result of the Busan Declaration, the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation (GPDEC) was created in 2012. Several initiatives exist in the framework of the GPDEC that are committed to advance specific commitments for effective development co-operation, including the Partnership on Climate Finance and Development. This voluntary initiative fosters country-level actions by promoting good practice and knowledge sharing on mainstreaming climate finance into development planning and more effective ways to use climate finance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In temperate regions, the climate effects of increased albedo and CO2 release to the atmosphere from forest removal seem to balance each other (Bala et al. Most of these studies have been applied at a global biome scale without specific input of climate, forest and management characteristics at regional levels like Northern Europe or the Nordic countries. However, recent modelling studies for Norway have reached similar conclusions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The "local Agenda 21" initiative envisaged sustainability being built from the bottom up through initiatives by local governments, community groups and women and men. It stimulated a plethora of community-based and joint state-local sustainable development projects and programmes across the world, around sustainable agriculture and land use, water, fisheries, forests, wildlife, urban environments and other issues. These initiatives embodied important recognition of local resource rights and collective action. Yet many suffered from an overly homogeneous view of "the community" that failed to account for socially-and gender-differentiated perspectives and priorities (Dressier and others, 2010, Leach, Mearns and Scoones, 1999), or involved women only in a tokenistic manner in project management committees.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Moreover, the need for such measures is likely to increase with further technological progress and structural changes in economies. For instance, the tax burden may need to be shifted away from labour income towards the owners of productive capital and wealthy individuals through capital income tax and wealth-related taxes (ESCAP, 2016d). Relatively slow employment growth and a persistently high share of vulnerable employment have contributed to rising income inequality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The latter development is evidenced by the fact that East African countries and certain European countries have reported annual growth in seizures of heroin of African origin. This may be a reason for the increased abuse of heroin in East Africa. Traffickers in search of new illicit markets for cocaine and heroin have targeted the nascent middle class in certain African countries, such as Benin, which has been used as a transit country for many decades, and Namibia, a transit country that is becoming a consumer country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Most of them work, and are either paid (mainly the men) or unpaid (primarily the women), showing a trend of early and unequal sexual division of labour (Rico andTrucco, 2014). According to the information garnered from time-use surveys, like the situation among older persons, adolescent girls spend more hours per week on work overall (paid and unpaid) than adolescent boys, which also reflects the limited time available for leisure and recreational activities, sports and community participation (Cespedes and Robles, 2016). As highlighted in Social Panorama of Latin America 2015 (ECLAC, 2016g), accelerated population ageing will become the most relevant demographic trend in the region, the number of dependent older persons is expected to increase more than the number of people who can provide the care they potentially need.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Accountability is one of the most advocated and controversial topics in US education. Since the early 2000s, the federal government has produced a vibrant discourse on accountability, which emphasizes quality, efficiency, and equal opportunity in education. As part of the larger phenomenon of new managerialism, the dominant forms of accountability are currently based on the power of the manager and the market rather than the bureaucratic or professional authority. This study draws on classic rhetoric and the Foucaultian concept of governmentality to analyze the rhetorical construction of accountability in the US Department of Education speeches and examine the role of accountability in governing educational institutions and subjects. The author demonstrates how as a rhetoric, accountability in education operates as a ‘sacred language’ to propagate neoliberal values and how as a technology of governmentality, it works to maintain the neoliberal political rationality, enforce the openness of educational ins...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In particular, the Ministry of Agriculture - in co-ordination with the Ministry of Finance - would benefit from defining clearly the objectives, outputs and outcomes associated with special allocation funds (dana alofeasi fehusus) and co-administered funds (dana tugas pembantuan). Special allocation funds finance much of agricultural investment expenditure carried out by sub-national governments. Co-administered funds finance other agricultural priorities of the national government implemented by sub-national governments. Transparency could support monitoring of sub-national government performance by the Ministry of Agriculture, external audit bodies (i.e. Finance and Development Oversight Body, sub-national audit units/BAWASDA, National Audit Board), affected parties and the general public. Reliable and timely statistics are necessary to assess the results of reforms undertaken so far, to formulate policy responses and to design policies for the future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)