albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The first thing that can be noted there is the inclusion of unpaid work. This encompasses all activities carried out by households to ensure the reproduction of their members, including the specific work of care (of dependents, including children and the elderly and infirm, but also people capable of looking after themselves, such as spouses) and domestic work (home maintenance, cleaning, administration of the home, repair of installations, etc.). Links to the external sector are also excluded, given that the objective is to situate the reproduction process in relation to that of production and not to carry out a complex analysis of the workings of the economic system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The measures need to be selected based on evidence of the results they can be expected to produce. Detailed ex-ante assessment is employed in countries at the leading edge of achievement. In the United Kingdom, for example, targets for specific users or types of crash are based on ex-ante assessments. In the Netherlands, overall targets for reducing deaths and serious injuries are tightened periodically and the accompanying measures modelled to assess whether they will deliver the improvement required to meet the new target.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The governing body of these groundwater councils is comprised of 12 representatives, 3 from each sector (agriculture, domestic, industrial and tourism). It is supported by a technical taskforce and a consultative taskforce for the design of plans and projects. The structure of the groundwater councils in Guanajuato includes civil society, users from each of the main sectoral activities, technical experts and the financial, technical, legal and political support from the government.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The focus of this paper is to discuss issues related to social injustice. Following a discussion on social justice and poverty and the connection between poverty and health, four areas are discussed. They are as follows: (1) individual change versus social change (public health and economic policy, food subsidies, recreational facilities, and access to primary care), (2) public health approaches to promoting social justice (three models: locality development, technical, and social action), (3) ethical issues in public health practice, and (4) public health and education: missed opportunities for collaboration. There is a need for greater collaboration between public health and education and other factions. We all share similar goals. However, as our efforts tend to be duplicative and scattered, the end results are less than what could be accomplished in moving toward a more socially just society.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Since the United States Supreme Court's decision in Bush v. Gore, the public's support for the judicial system looms as an especially important concern. Although studies have confirmed that the Supreme Court's reservoir of public goodwill has remained largely intact following the politically divisive decision, the status of public support for other American courts has received little attention. This reflects a broader trend in judicial politics scholarship toward placing inordinate attention on explaining public support for the U.S. Supreme Court while largely ignoring the courts where most of the policymaking in the nation occurs—state courts. We use a national survey to assess the factors influencing diffuse support for state courts. We find that although many considerations affecting diffuse support for state courts parallel the determinants of such support for the nation's high Court, important differences exist between explanations of citizen support for state courts and the Supreme Court. Most notab...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
On the other hand, Argentina (the second most successful country in reducing child poverty) saw the fertility rate for the youngest poor mothers decline less than for all mothers. In Panama, which ranked fourth in reducing child poverty, the fertility rate among poor mothers rose, this was the only case among 16 countries. For the countries that were least successful at decreasing the child poverty rate (Colombia, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico and Paraguay), the simple average decrease was 27%. These calculations did not include Panama among the countries with the largest drops in the child poverty rate because the fertility rate among poor mothers aged 15-24 in Panama increased.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The site provides instructions on how to set up and maintain such Geo-DRM portals, perform geospatial analysis and flood risk modelling. It also offers information on other disaster-related GIS skills and techniques (http://drmlearning.unescap.org/). They include those developed by: the Indian Space Research Organisation (http:// bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in), the Pacific Disaster Center (http://www.pdc.org), the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (http:// geoportal.icimod.org), the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (http://www.gdacs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This proportion is now lower than in most other EU countries and the EU average (25%). A large difference exists between girls and boys, with only 9% of 15-year-old girls reporting doing physical activity each day, compared to 17% of 15-year-old boys. Based on self-reported data (which underestimate the true prevalence of obesity), one in seven adults (14%) were obese in 2013, up from one in eight (12%) in 2001.6 This rate nonetheless remains lower than in most other EU countries (the EU average was 16% in 2014). Also based on self-reported data, one in six (16%) 15-year-olds were overweight or obese in 2013-14, up from one in nine (11%) in 2001-02.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The size of adjacent higher-income groups can help develop opportunities for cross-financing models, whereby the poorest pay a very low price, which is compensated by the higher price paid by the moderately poor of marginally higher income. Based on a common threshold of constant 2005 USD 5 per day at purchasing power parity (PPP), 90% of Indonesia’s population and 96% of India’s population is poor, compared with 68% in China, 49% in Colombia and 62% in South Africa. Extreme poverty affects a large share of the population in each of the five countries and is particularly prevalent in India, Indonesia and South Africa. Poverty touches mostly rural populations in India (71%) and China (73%). In Indonesia, virtually half of the poor (52%) are urban dwellers, the other half live in rural areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Self-employed women frequently earn 30 to 40% less than their male counterparts. Two key differences between male and female entrepreneurs help explain these relatively low returns: women start their enterprises with limited management experience and devote much less time to their businesses than men. There is a clear need to provide more and better information about entrepreneurship as an attractive career option, both for young women in school and for women outside the labour force who are considering starting or getting back into work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In general, recent tests and exercises have been successful and shown that the regional system performs well but have not been linked effectively with local-level drills and exercises. At the 2014 region-wide exercise (IOWave14) only three out of 24 participating countries (India, the Seychelles and Timor-Leste) conducted public evacuation drills. As a result, the ability of the regional warning system to trigger local life-saving action was not fully tested. The 10th Session of the Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the IOTWS in 2015 recommended future region-wide exercises to make such public evacuation drills a priority.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Immigration Policing in Gauteng, Forced Migration Studies Programme, Johannesburg. Following the sections on the volume and nature of employment, the chapter examines occupational change using a demographic decomposition method. Comparisons are also made between the human capital of native-born and immigrant workers, including with regard to skills mismatch. Although new legislation was introduced in the early 2000s, there was also a continuation of past migration policies focusing on security issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The property rights issue is central in this respect. This raises questions as to future sources of finance and asset management. Securing financial and investment assets may require water user groups to seek private-public partnerships to raise capital and develop skills in long term asset management for infrastructure renewal. This is because there remain many impediments to water market formation related to, for example, issues of equity, incomplete science, specific quantity-related property rights, high transaction costs in creating water markets, and the historical allocation of water. In addressing these issues a different mix of policies may be appropriate, such as the use of well-targeted payments where farmers provide a clearly-defined and verifiable public good or service, such as wetland conservation areas. A few countries, however, are using water markets to meet consumptive (address the scarcity value of water) and environmental objectives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The ITP approach is to scan the trade and development landscape for areas where orthodox approaches are ineffective or where there are public policy failures or gaps, and to seek heterodox approaches to address those. Its work plan is flexible to enable quick response to emerging issues in the international trading environment that impact particularly on highly vulnerable Commonwealth constituencies - least developed countries (LDCs), small states and sub-Saharan Africa.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Therefore, high-quality early childhood education and care (ECEC) can result in better outcomes in subsequent stages of life. For instance, the number of years spent in ECEC is a strong predictor of level ofperformance in and out of schools reached at later stages. In the same vein, children with an immigrant background and more globally disadvantaged children can benefit the most of attending high-quality ECEC. However, the benefits of ECEC attendance are not limited to learning outcomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Providing safe transport system is an objective for sustainable transport, because risk of injuries and deaths from traffic crashes has become a major public health concern worldwide (WHO, 2011)1' At the same time safety of pedestrians, bicyclists and public transport users also has an impact on the choice of these modes. Risk to pedestrians, bicyclists and public transport users can be reduced by appropriate street designs and neighbourhood environment. Safer pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure results in increased use of these environment friendly modes (Tiwari & Jain, 2012)2.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This might be due to the fact that families moving to neighbourhoods that are drastically different than their original location have a lower probability of integrating successfully and remaining in that new location. Direct support generally consists of transfers from the central government to municipalities, who own the social rental housing stock.5 City governments therefore have a central role to play in realising the potential benefits of social rental housing for improving the well-being and opportunities of all residents. National legal frameworks sometimes impose a minimum target of social housing on local authorities. However, the law also allows municipalities to pay a fine rather than comply with this rule, revenues collected from these fines are redistributed to municipalities that have high proportions of social housing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Such work may provide evidence-based inputs into lender views of w'hat constitutes a “good” asset. This work would be of particular relevance for SMEs which are less likely to use formal intellectual property rights than large companies. Many of these assets are rendered in software, which enjoys automatic copyright protection, but may not be patentable. A difficulty w ith the use of copyright-protected assets is that they do not require registration, and only a few countries (such as the United States) offer an “official” voluntary service to record them. Providing effective ways to confirm the existence and ownership of these assets could be a significant finance enabler, especially for SMEs which face more challenges in managing their intangible assets and are more reliant on these assets to secure external financing at the same time.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Currently various international treaties require contracting States to disseminate the text of international conventions and to promote public education concerning relevant issues of international law. In this regard, the teaching of international law has an important contribution to make in effectuating the treaty obligation. At the same time, the teaching of international law may contribute to promote public awareness for monitoring the compliance with treaties by government. Thus this study will explore the role of international legal education in effectuating the obligation to disseminate the text of relevant treaties and to promote public education concerning international law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. In turn, effective appraisal and feedback for teachers is essential to increase the focus on teaching quality and teachers ’ professional learning. Teacher appraisal can also support the effective organisation of schools by allowing teachers to progress in their career and take on new roles and responsibilities based on a solid evaluation of their performance. This chapter describes the approaches that countries take to appraise individual teachers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In 2015, a new Ethics Code was introduced to deal with conflicts of interest. This set up a new position, the “ethics commissioner”, for civil servants to consult on ethical issues.19 The National Bureau of Anti-Corruption was established in the Ministry of the Civil Service with the functions of prevention, detection, suppression and investigation of corruption offences. Janenova (2016) points out the need for a cultural change in government and of a renewal of ethical and moral values of civil servants, to be able to create a professional civil service.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Capturing these broader benefits in concrete terms can also build a case for more ambitious, scaled-up actions. This includes issues such as reducing disproportionate social and environmental impacts on women or indigenous populations. For instance, many institutions include guidance to disaggregate results by gender or impacts on indigenous peoples, where appropriate (UK, 2013, Mulenga, 2013, CIF, 2011, 2012a, 2012c, GEF, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
All of this works against overcoming the poverty threshold (Rodriguez, 2006). Poor children develop at a disadvantage in terms of nutrition, health and access to the education system. This erodes their accumulation of human capital and funnels them into precarious jobs that are more poorly paid and generate less household income, thus contributing to the reproduction of poverty in the long run (Paz and others, 2004). This is in keeping with the behaviour of factors linked to the demographic transition (ECLAC, 2004).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
That emotional, physical and sexual abuse occurred in boarding schools, as well as punishment for speaking their languages and practicing their cultures has been well documented, has been acknowledged and has tarnished the human rights record of Canada and the United States. The effects of boarding schools on generations of indigenous peoples, including generations still living and future generations, cuts deep in indigenous communities throughout the United States and Canada, where many believe are the root cause of pervasive social problems such as alcoholism and sexual abuse and the widespread loss of indigenous languages. Negative memories of this institutionalization are thought to have created a social climate of distrust of other government-funded institutions such as hospitals and clinics, resulting in avoidance until an illness is advanced.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Responses to such requests and complaints must be provided within 30 and 14 days, respectively. For instance, in 2016, a number of suggestions were received from the public on how to improve environmental protection from mining and exploration activities and from illegal logging. There is an annual review assessing how' the petitions are handled. The Law also provides for discounts and waivers that shall be approved by the Government.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
As reported in OECD (2015b) plans could shift from a “programme” approach, which always requires someone else to implement, to a “target” approach. An example would be to define water quality targets, limits in water consumption and pollution loads, and standards for water use efficiency to be reflected into water permit systems. Targets not met could then be subject to sanctions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Background: The ecology of physical education is created through the interaction of three task systems: managerial task system, instructional task system, and the student social system. Within the ecological framework tasks are presented and task development is influenced by concepts such as ambiguity, risk, and accountability. Teachers' and students' perceptions of assessment tasks have been examined to some extent in physical education, however, they have not been investigated through an ecological lens. Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to examine middle school students' and their teacher's perceptions of assessment through an ecological lens in order to investigate how assessment influenced both the teacher's and the students' agenda in the classroom. Setting: The research took place in a suburban middle school located in the western part of Massachusetts. Participants: Participants were an intact class of 36 seventh-grade students and their teacher. Research design: Qualitative case stu...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The standards were set up by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) to drive care of a uniformly high quality across the country. They are applied to all hospitals (private and public, across all states), covering ten priority areas including quality governance, hospital-acquired infection, medication safety and clinical handover (see Box 2.5 for further detail). There has been broad agreement from stakeholders that the new standards are a positive move forward, promoting greater clinical involvement and more directly addressing specific quality issues than other standards.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Abstract   This article engages with concerns in feminist scholarship about a decline of feminist influence in contemporary efforts to prevent, challenge and mitigate the harms of sexual violence. A key focus of these concerns has centred on co-option into the conservative regulatory apparatus of the state and concomitant depoliticisation of an issue that was a key mobilising force of the second-wave women's movement. Drawing on empirical research from a study undertaken in a local Australian field of sexual assault service provision, I argue that the narrative of feminist decline in the sector is oversimplified, rather, I have found that there is an almost naturalised relationship between feminism and the field of sexual assault service provision. In this article, I explore the core feminist epistemologies that are embedded in the structure of sexual assault services and enacted through worker practices.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Large and small players alike benefit from working together. They get involved in coaching and mentoring, and discover new ways of looking at things, they develop the destination as a whole and learn to take better care of the visitors they share. All surveys indicate that a visitor who feels at home in a destination is considerably more likely to choose the same destination again and even become an ambassador for the destination.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This appears to have generated positive economic responses in the form of increased ‘value per drop’ through more efficient technologies and a shift to higher value crops (Bjomlund and McKay 2002). The first thing to note is the predominance of agricultural conservation measures at the lower end of this cost curve. Indeed, one-third of the projected deficit in 2030 comprises ‘no regrets’ policies - changes in behaviour which will actually save money!
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Over the past twenty-five years, the UK government has implemented reforms in doctoral level provision, led by the Research Councils and especially the Economic and Social Research Council. These have emphasised training in research methodology and also, recently, other employment-related skills. This article considers the drivers of these initiatives (demands for accountability and ‘new public management’) and some of their consequences (including the steering of research in particular directions and a neglect of the scholarship produced and also doctoral studies as a form of lifelong learning). It also examines some of the universities' responses in the form of diversification of doctoral studies, the institution of graduate schools, and the establishment of a National Council for Graduate Education. Throughout these reforms, the diversity of doctoral students and their concerns have largely been neglected.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Delivering on Sustainable Infrastructure for Better Development and Better Climate. Infrastructure for development: Meeting the challenge. Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment in collaboration with G-24 Inter-Governmental Group of Twenty Four.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Instead, it fosters the establishment and implementation of such agreements, as well as their further development. The Convention establishes principles and rules that form the basis for countries working together to protect and sustainably use their shared freshwater resources. Such measures include undertaking environmental impact assessments and other means of assessment, preventing and reducing pollution at its source, licensing and monitoring wastewater discharges and developing and applying best environmental practices to reduce inputs of nutrients and hazardous substances from agriculture and other diffuse sources. Parties are obligated to use water resources sustainably, taking into account the ecosystem approach.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In other words, the poor are not considered as needy people who must be helped with a set of goods and services, but as citizens who have the right to demand those things from society. Thus, the State becomes the guarantor of the enjoyment of those rights. As is pointed out in a recent report of the Human Rights Council (United Nations, 2009, p.7), cash transfer programmes “have the potential to assist in the realization of the right to an adequate standard of living, including adequate food, clothing and housing”, although they should be seen as a component of social welfare policies and should be integrated within broader social protection systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)