albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Indicolors of Ironsport efficiency in 37 global cities: V.A.: Institute for Science and Technology Policy. A Risk-Based Method for Modeling Traffic Fatalities. Risk Ar 5 Dumbaugh and Roe. They found that area crash rates decline significantly with increasing bus stop density, percentage of public transport-km travelled relative to total vehide-kms travelled, and walking, biking, and public transport-commute mode share. Their modelling indicates that a strategic transport plan that encourages use of alternative modes tends to reduce total, severe, and property damage collisions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
It is for the Peter Lund Route, a hiking trail covering 24 km2 in three protected areas north of the Belo Horizonte metropolitan area. The PPP is aimed at increasing tourism while improving the effectiveness of conservation. The government’s role is limited to monitoring and supervising the concessionaire’s performance, using defined indicators.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In a comprehensive literature survey, (Cooper and Stewart, 2013[i4j) emphasize that children from lower-income households have worse outcomes at later ages for a range of topics such as: scoring lower on tests of cognitive skill in early childhood, being more likely to drop out of school and less likely to attain tertiary education, the evidence being strongest and most abundant. Children from low-income families are also showing more behaviour problems than others. The evidence on physical health, as well as on intermediate outcomes such as parenting and parental mental health is more limited.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
It is particularly beneficial when conducted jointly for pre-primary and primary teachers. Its effectiveness is also greater when trainings are specific and coherent, and when staff from the same centre participate together. In 17 countries both pre-primary and primary teachers require a bachelor’s degree, and in 6 countries a master’s degree is required at both levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Tribunals are important elements of the legal system in Australia, which are accepted for performing an adjudicative function in jurisdiction-specific areas and providing jurisprudence of benefit across public administration. They demonstrate great divergence in dealing with issues at the States or Territory level or even the Commonwealth sphere, and steps which attempt to restrict this need for diversity are opposed firmly, being seen as an attack on the independence of the tribunals.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Investigating the relationship between the SIGI and different aspects of subjective well-being can thus shed light on key domains that significantly affect men's and women's lives and ultimately guide policy actions. It contributes to the subjective well-being literature from a gender perspective in two important ways. First, it investigates whether the societal level of gender inequality in social institutions affects national and individual levels of subjective well-being (SWB).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The example of the United Kingdom shows that reforming low-carbon support instruments can take time. The proposed electricity market reform, which goes through several reforms in parallel, mobilizes a lot of resources and staff. Governments should aim to provide more certainty and predictability, while evolutions of climate policies may be needed to reflect a rapidly changing new economic environment and rapidly declining costs of some low-carbon generation technologies. Support instruments for low-carbon generation which include some control over quantitative deployment of capacity provide more predictability.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Chaos theory (or complex systems science, CSS) has made considerable inroads across a range of social science disciplines, including criminology. However, little has been done to assess the relevance of chaos theory for advancing a philosophical criminology. This task is significant because it tells us something about where, how, and why most modernist theories of crime are of limited utility when advancing the interests of justice and humanism in society. Accordingly, this article outlines the essential features of a philosophical criminology, including its commitments to ontology, epistemology, aesthetics, and ethics. Moreover, the contexts in which several key chaos theory principles such as iteration, sensitive dependence on initial conditions, bifurcations, attractors, fractal space, and dissipative structures function to promote a philosophical criminology are explored. A number of implications stemming from this analysis for purposes of critical theory building in law, crime, and justice studies are provisionally delineated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
They focus on actively engaging the communities, providing space for innovation and ensuring that higher level policies and plans are adapted to local settings. The national policy framework can foster local innovation when it provides an enabling environment, for example, through the provision of social protection and regulation of market actors. Achieving the SDGs will depend on identifying the right policy mixes and governance approaches that can combine progressive public policies and environmental regulation with local initiatives and innovations in a way that promotes transformative change toward equity and sustainability. It will also depend on ensuring that the promotion of technological innovation, private sector investment and multistakeholder partnership is in line with considerations for social inclusion, participation and empowerment (chapter 7).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Suicide is commonly used as a measure of serious mental health problems. In general, across OECD countries, death rates from suicide are three to four times greater for men than for women, and this gender gap has been fairly stable over time. The exception is Korea, where women are much more likely to take their own lives than in other OECD countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Nowhere in sight is the societal significance of work as a foundation of personal dignity, as a source of stability and development of families or as a contribution to communities at peace. This is the meaning of 'decent work'. It is an effort at reminding ourselves that we are talking about policies that deal with the life of human beings not just bottom line issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
A number of redistributive policies were put in place including cash transfers, job-creation initiatives and subsidies both explicit and implicit (through price controls). These policies, it seems, made a dent in inequality - although their sustainability has since been called into question by the crisis (see OECD, 2009). According to the Commission on Growth and Development (2008), growth is the main route to poverty reduction in very poor countries. But as a country develops redistribution becomes increasingly important.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
It is administered by the so-called Growth Houses that are specialised in business support for companies with high growth potential. The project will initially identify 3,000 manufacturing SMEs with substantial growth potential, out of which 1,000 companies will be offered to participate. The target group is thus "followers” according to the use of terms in chapter 5.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The Board reiterates its view that measures taken in various states of the United States to legalize the production, sale and distribution of cannabis for nonmedical and non-scientific purposes are inconsistent with the provisions of the international drug control treaties. The limitation of the use of controlled substances to medical and scientific purposes is a fundamental principle which lies at the heart of the international drug control legal framework which cannot be derogated from. Regardless of whether they are federal or unitary States, all parties to the conventions have a legal obligation to give effect to and carry out the provisions of the convention within their own territories.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The findings are likely to bear interest among Austrian policymakers and may give rise to discussion about innovations in the tax and benefit system. The researchers suggest that their "findings are relevant for the effectiveness of these policies in other developed OECD countries". Only couple families with children less than 12 year old are covered. The model simulates their decisions in the face of different incentives, and helps calculate “net employment gains per euro of public spending” under different schemes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Aquaculture is an EMFF priority with EUR 1.2 billion (USD 1.6 billion) worth of support allocated to it. To address challenges of overfishing, reliance on imports for fish, low profits and dependence on subsidies in many fleet segments, and complexity of governance, the reform of the EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) was proposed. The new CFP was agreed by the Council and Parliament and entered into force in 1 January 2014. It advocates for a progressive implementation of an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. It aims at efficient fishing activities within an economically viable and competitive fisheries industry, while minimising the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems. Moreover, it seeks to fulfil the goal of Good Environmental Status (GES) in European seas by 2020 in line with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Satellite data, including that generated by the US NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), have been able to provide overall monthly and yearly changes in groundwater stock in multiple regions. It demonstrated, for example, the diminution of resources in California over time (e.g. Famiglietti et al., Smaller countries, for which groundwater is a major source of freshwater and which have more homogeneous geological profiles of agricultural land, and where data is collected and shared, are able to properly track groundwater resources over time. An example is Denmark's National Groundwater Mapping and Management program, financed by private and public water consumers, which uses new tools to track groundwater (DWF, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In road policing, Police target population based behaviours that are not by their nature criminal, but when repeated across the population, cause high levels of road trauma. These behaviour patterns, when observed across a population, are relatively consistent over time. Typically, this results in similar numbers of alcohol related crashes, speed related crashes and a predictable range of crashes occurring. The long term reduction in these trends relies upon a relentless enforcement programme and supporting publicity over many years in order to change engrained behaviours.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
While health care spending has declined in real terms in Italy during these different periods, significant growth rates have been reported in other OECD countries. Differences in health care spending are also found between Italy and European countries. In 2011, public health spending (after control for price levels) was 36% higher in European countries than in Italy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
ABSTRACTMotivated by the addition of a curriculum standard for active citizenship into New Jersey's social studies standards a group of educators and researchers set out to integrate an action research curriculum, based on a youth participatory action research (YPAR) model, into social studies classrooms. Adapting YPAR, with its promising blend of critical thinking, civic engagement, and democratization, for use as in the classroom is appealing to those seeking to use education as a means of social change. But activism does not always translate neatly to the classroom, melding multiple purposes into one approach, particularly amidst the current push for standardization and accountability measures, is complex. This analysis considers three challenges to navigate when reshaping YPAR into a curriculum for classroom use - preserving authenticity, conflicting aims, and tensions around authority. Drawing upon qualitative data from the social studies classrooms of two public high schools, this article engages di...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Caribbean nurses and teachers are one example, however, one of the clearest cases is the specialization of Peruvian migrant women in domestic services: almost 50% of them work in this sector. Peruvian women employed as domestic workers are more highly qualified than other migrant groups, and this comparative advantage may be one of the reasons why they are more frequently hired to fill these positions. However, Pacecca and Courtis (2008) have noted that overqualified domestic workers do not necessarily receive higher pay, at least not in Argentina.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
When we find female experts to interview we try to circulate the contacts among the staff and in that way increase the share of women in the news. Many women say that their expertise doesn't fully cover the interview topic and they often suggest a male colleague instead of agreeing to be interviewed themselves.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This chapter builds a bridge between the human right to housing and social policy. Considering housing from the perspective of law means to figure out the rights and duties of those who own the land and the rights and duties of those who do not. The human right to housing comprises of many other rights such as the right to property, the right to a home, or the right to privacy. Considering housing from the perspective of social policy often meant to examine formal housing markets and discuss which tenure form is best, homeownership or renting. However, homelessness and Spaces of Inadequate Housing such as slums or informal settlements prove that many people live outside of such markets, informally or illegally.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Clearing land for pasture and feed crops has led to widespread deforestation and biodiversity loss and overgrazing leads to erosion and compaction. Furthermore, livestock production accounts for large amounts of water use and constitutes a source of water pollution from hormone use and other chemicals, as well as from the inadequate handling of manure. A limited number of genetically modified animals, animal substances, tissues and micro-organisms have been introduced in the production of livestock and fish to date.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Ofwat, the sector’s economic regulator, has statutory powers to set price and performance limits, which in effect determine each company’s spending priorities. The sector operates within a series of five-year Asset Management Plans (AMPs), AMP5 runs from 2010 to 2015 and AMP6 will run from 2015 to 2020. In 2010 Ofwat stated that they don’t see the benefits of smart metering’ and therefore policy development is concerned with AMP6.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This article examines the participation of civil society organisations (CSO) in the various arenas of global governance with focus on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). While diverse studies recognise the difficulty of CSOs’ participation despite the growing importance of standards in the organisation of markets, little attention has been paid to how such involvement is likely to be reinforced in what we call ‘technical diplomacy’, the negotiating processes involving states and non-state actors geared toward setting specifications claiming to be based on scientific knowledge. Drawing upon scholarship in new forms of regulation in organisational studies, international relations, and science and technology studies, the paper argues that CSOs’ participation depends on multiple translation practices between lay- and expert-knowledge. Findings are based on an action-research project, INTERNORM, pooling academic and CSO participation in ISO technical committees. It suggests some promising directions for addressing the democratic deficit of technical diplomacy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The headcount was then converted (by gender and five-year age group) into the full-time equivalent using the assumed values for average usual weekly working hours. “ Full-time” in this instance refers to usual weekly working hours equal to 40 hours per week, so the FTE labour force was calculated as the headcount labour force multiplied by the usual weekly working hours of the relevant group, divided by 40. Figure 3.A2.1 shows the resulting estimates for the projected size of the German full-time equivalent labour force (15-74 year-olds).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The National Forest Programme NFP (2010-2029) set a target to allocate 2 million ha of production forest for establishing CF and the FA developed a CF subdecree and guidelines for forest-dependent communities for establishing CF. Under this framework, communities have legal rights to manage their forests for 15 years through a CF agreement between the Community Forest Management Committee (CFMC) and the FA. Moreover, several NGOs strongly support the establishment of CF in Cambodia, However, the detailed requirements for compiling the CF management plan, including a CF resources inventory, data analysis and other procedures can slow the process of achieving approval from the FA cantonment and the MAFF. Although many CFs have been established, approved and authorized, very few CFs have had their management plans approved and implemented.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
While it was critical to get major emitters to reduce their emissions, whether developed countries would take the lead and whether the strict firewall between Annex I and non-Annex I countries of the UNFCCC would remain in place, proved to be sticking points. At the end of very contentious negotiations, late on Friday evening, 18 December, the text of the Copenhagen Accord was released. The text had been negotiated by a small group of world leaders behind closed doors, and only indirectly based on the party-negotiated texts under the AWG-LCA or AWG-KP. This contributed to feelings that the negotiations were unfair and opaque, and the process looked to be on the verge of collapse.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Mortality from liver diseases (including cirrhosis) also increased substantially, partly linked to excessive alcohol consumption (see Section 3). Major depressive disorders and suicides also continue to be majo causes of DALYs, although their importance has diminished since 2000 (IHME. Wide disparities exist in the prevalence of these chronic diseases by education level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This will require roll-out of wireless loT platforms, reliance on network virtualization and improved fibre connectivity. Moreover, it will require the development of advanced ICT skills among users. Network operators and users will have to adapt their business models to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital transformation. Policy-makers and regulators are called upon to create conditions facilitating entrepreneurial experiments and innovation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Additionally, diarrhoea is a major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children. In the United States of America (USA), for example, around 76 million cases of foodbome diseases, resulting in 325 000 hospitalisations and 5 000 deaths, are estimated to occur each year. In the USA, diseases caused by the major pathogens alone are estimated to cost up to USD 35 billion annually (1997) in medical costs and lost productivity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
This information could also help in identifying STI related activities in the future. As such, STI is often not considered as a sector in itself as STI activities cuts across all sectors. New science, methods and technologies can improve productivity and result in better outcomes in almost all sectors. The lack of a policy marker on STI activities in the CRS makes identification of STI-related ODA activities challenging.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
A main objective of legislation is thus to achieve a good water status for all areas by 2015. The policy will be finalised in early 2011. Although there is no specific climate change adaptation plan for the tourism sector, most of the sectors that are key to tourism growth and development have in place, or at the development stage, strategies and action plans relevant to climate change adaptation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Without working with men and boys, discrimination, violence and inequality will continue. Sufficient opportunities and knowledge must be afforded for how young people, particularly boys and young men, can challenge gender norms, stereotypes and harmful practices. Furthermore, reaching adolescent boys through age-appropriate comprehensive sexuality education, which allows them to reflect and question predominant norms around masculinity and femininity, is a critical way to better ensure future generations of gender-equitable men. Communicating positive messages—that change is possible and that boys can positively influence not only their own lives but also that of girls—can increase boys’ participation and responsiveness.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The programmes could focus more on closing teachers’ knowledge gaps in subject content and could be adapted more to the often especially difficult circumstances. The systematic teacher evaluation that has been implemented in public schools is an excellent starting point to identify teachers’ individual strengths and weaknesses and guide them towards tailor-made professional programmes. The example of schools belonging to the Sociedad de Instruction Primaria suggests that extensive in-class support for teachers can be very effective in helping them develop their pedagogical skills and maybe even overcome deficiencies in subject content knowledge (Box 4.2). In Chile a number of teachers are likely to require courses to improve their literacy and numeracy skills and help them teach this especially in the lower grades of primary schools.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
A scoping mission took place to Stockholm on 9-10 April 2018, which included meetings with officials from the Ministry of Education and Research, the National Agency for Education, and representatives from teacher training institutions, municipalities, independent schools, unions of teachers and principals, as well as researchers (Annex A). Each section describes current, relevant policies, analyses the situation and provides Sweden with promising examples from peer-leamer countries at various policy levels: the classroom, the school (or university in some instances), the municipality, the region and the system. This is meant to emphasise the shared responsibility across all levels of the education system in integrating immigrant and refugee students. Finally, policy pointers are provided to guide Sweden on how best to respond to the current integration challenges in these four areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In addition to the Administration of Environment, there are two more units in the State Inspectorate of Environment (for Inspection Supervision and Inspectors’ Coordination). The Law on Water provides a basis for a consolidation in this sector, by stipulating transferral of competence to MoEPP. Within the Water Department, the organizational units responsible for river basin management need to be properly established.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)