albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Le volume total vendu a ce prix pendant la saison des semis et celle des recoltes est lui aussi fixe a l’avance. Les prets qui en relevent sont accordes par les etablissements de credit de KazAgro, moyennant des taux d’interet fixes plus ou moins eleves en fonction de la duree et de l’objet du credit et de l’origine des fonds (ils different selon que le pret est finance par le budget, sur les fonds propres des agences de KazAgro ou par des fonds eux-memes empruntes sur le marche). En 2011, les prets a court terme accordes pour les semis et les recoltes ont ete assortis de taux allant de 4 % a 12 % par an, contre 12.3 % sur le marche.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
With the rising role of science and technology in actual production processes, the importance of education and skills is likely only to increase. Education also enhances a persons capability to pursue ent repreneu rsh ip. Unlike physical capital, human capital cannot be redistributed by taking from one and giving to another. The only way to ensure the attainment of an equitable distribution of human capital is to allow more people to attain that capital through education and training.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Examples of inefficient energy use in Brazil include the reduced role of cogeneration, the high proportion of incandescent bulbs (basically the same as designed by Edison 120 year ago) in use, and the widespread use of sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Inadequate rules which send wrong signals to the market also hinder EE improvements. For instance, the present rates structure leads to such a high average price of electricity during peak hours - quite above its supply cost - that many consumers are supplementing their energy consumption during peak hours with local diesel power generation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The higher the Gini coefficient, the more unequal the income distribution becomes, while the higher the ratio of the two U5MRs, the more unequal the health outcomes are. If Peru, an outlier, is removed from the sample, it becomes-0.166. In this case, however, the correlation is negative: the lower the share the higher the U5MR.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Most recent data for these indicators cover children across the entirety of the child life course (0-17), with high-policy relevance - these results are directly influenced by social protection and child welfare policies - and household survey data are weighted to make children the unit of analysis. Data for both indicators are from around 2014, and as with 'end poverty' are highly policy relevant (including through health and school-based interventions for physical activity / obesity), but neither indicator reflects experiences in later adolescence (overage 15). Data for malnutrition in the form of stunting or wasting, is replaced with malnutrition in the form of obesity, given the focus on high-income countries and prevalence of overweight and obesity cases in comparison to other forms of malnutrition.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The Tuareg of Mali have lost their cattle, crops and shops owing to looting and revenge attacks (Poulsen, 2016). This situation has also put pressure on the Peul and Tuareg communities in Burkina Faso. Indeed, poverty in indigenous communities is directly linked to the decision of families to take girls out of school to prepare them for work. Since girls carry out important household tasks, which include assisting their mothers in performing chores and taking care of their young siblings, they are often kept at home.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The stages in the accreditation of an educational institution in Israel include: i) the stage of authorisation to advertise, register students and commence study (granted on the basis of preliminary examinations of the institution and the programmes of study that it proposes to offer). At this stage the institution is not yet accredited as an institution of higher education and is not authorised to award academic degrees to graduates, ii) the stage of a permit, i.e. the approval to open and maintain a higher education institution. At this stage, the institution is not yet accredited as an institution of higher education and is not authorised to award academic degrees to graduates and iii) the stage of accreditation and authorisation, during which the Council of Higher Education accredits the institution as an institution of higher education and authorises it to award an academic degree.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
During the past decade or so, organization studies has witnessed a small but growing interest in the human body, in health, and in the management of life beyond organizational boundaries. In light of this development, this paper investigates how the New Public Health seeks to construct and manage people as healthy bodies beyond the boundaries of formal work organizations. The paper does so through a discourse analysis of a UK health campaign on healthy eating. Drawing on Foucault’s notion of governmentality, the paper discusses the power, limitations and subversion of this campaign by problematizing the neo‐liberal managerialism that it actualizes. Finally, it discusses what implications this has for the New Public Health and for organization studies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Depending on the scope of a disaster, the response is co-ordinated by the smallest unit possible, whether the municipality, the district administration, the Land or the federal government. The federal government is responsible for response to major catastrophes through State Crisis and Catastrophe Management (SKKM). This body, established in 2004 and overseen by the Ministry of the Interior, brings together all ministries, the LUnder and emergency organisations, whose emergency units previously worked independently of each other. The SKKM co-ordinates response to major natural and other hazards that affect a large part of the Austrian territory, last relatively long or are particularly complex and require co-ordination among Lander.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This represents a large share of all methane emissions. As a powerful greenhouse gas, methane emissions must be significantly reduced. Coal mining-related activities (extraction, crushing, distribution, etc.) As with coal, the geological formation of oil can also create large methane deposits that are released during drilling and extraction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Lastly, it is worth noting that in six countries more progress has been made towards meeting the first MDG target in low-education households than in others. The base year is 1997 ? The concept of female head of household is useful since it makes it possible to identify households where the absence of the male partner forces women to bear the entire burden of maintaining the household, which is particularly complex when there are small children.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Teachers need support to actively participate in this transformation and demand high standards from all students, while taking into account the increasing diversity in their classrooms. In most countries, teachers undergo pre-service training, followed by a selection process, with subsequent in-service training provided mostly through courses and workshops. New evidence shows that the proportion of certified teachers and most forms of professional development have a weak impact on student performance. Thus, many reforms aim to improve the quality of teacher training, make selection procedures more demanding, develop new forms of professional development and raise curricular standards.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Substantial increases in land productivity were achieved through strict enforcement of the adoption of high-yield crop varieties, subsidised fertiliser and pesticide programmes, and collection and distribution systems run by the government. In order to rebuild agriculture, the Saemaul Undong was first initiated from 1971 to 1973, under the strong leadership of the central government. At the beginning, 6 000 rural villages participated, increasing to 34 665 villages in 1973.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
These models are all PPPs involving an academic-industrial consortium pursuing collaborative research, typically over seven to ten years. The level of subsidy is typically high in order to encourage fundamental research, involving PhD education that strengthens the role of the collaboration in human capital formation. Evidence from international evaluations about these programmes are strongly positive, but also point to the importance of a balanced governance power between the academic and industrial stakeholders to guarantee successful outcomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
When detailed information from comprehensive scientific monitoring is available, management plans are based on quantitative objectives and scientific advice stemming from the simulation of potential effects of alternative management scenarios (Box 12). In addition to these management plans, riparian countries and supranational entities such as the European Union also establish their own management plans, which should be compliant with the Agreement for the establishment of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM Agreement) and in line with existing regional decisions. When available, simulations of the potential effect of alternative management scenarios are presented as they provide insights on the response of fisheries to the decisions taken.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
As the TOSSD framework is to be agreed by mid-2017, inputs from the international community can contribute to ensuring that TOSSD is defined in a way that, if desired, is helpful to tracking progress on climate finance commitments. The main changes relating to reporting of climate finance are that: this reporting is to cover support “mobilised” as well as provided, it is now mandatory for all “developed” countries (not just Annex II countries) to report on support, and that “other” countries providing support are also encouraged to report on this information. The Paris Agreement also indicates that developed countries are to biennially communicate indicative information, as available, on climate finance “to be provided” (Box 2). The estimation of projected financial support for a specific area can be challenging, particularly for countries with annual budget cycles.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is the most ratified international human rights treaty. Yet problems continue about ensuring that children’s rights are recognised and supported...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Policies supporting biofuels, which are mainly used in transportation, were thus blamed for spikes in food prices in 2007 and 2008 (OECD, 2015). Growing food crops for conversion into a biofuel (e.g. ethanol) in a refinery (for subsequent combustion in a power plant) will have different land-use impacts from growing woody crops for direct combustion. In addition, the efficiency of bioelectricity processes vary: while woody crops yield more biomass per unit area than a food crop like corn or soybean, biofuel-related processes like ethanol combustion usually convert a higher percentage of biomass energy content into electricity (Fthenakis and Kim, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This article draws on T H Marshall's celebrated classification of civil, political and social rights to examine the use of the courts by individuals seeking to establish rights to particular forms or models of welfare service provision. It argues that tensions between the collective and individual aspects of social rights, the relationship of social rights to inequality, and the difficulty of quantifying (and therefore enforcing) legitimate expectations, all make the use of litigation to establish social rights intensely problematic. Drawing on the recent UK Supreme Court case of R (on the Application of McDonald) v Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, it goes on to suggest that it is unhelpful to think of social rights in terms of human rights: instead, we would do better to adopt Marshall's emphasis on the citizenship basis of social rights and on the social and political context within which they necessarily exist.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This chapter describes temporal and regional variation in pollution law enforcement in China. It shows that over time there has been an absolute growth in the frequency and stringency of sanctions. However, most importantly, we find that enforcement does not match pollution or industrial growth. And as such, the increasingly stringent national policies and extra investment have not sufficiently lifted enforcement to meet China’s environmental challenges. Moreover, central level influences have not yet been able to overcome the immense regional enforcement disparities. Instead we see a split is occurring, with stronger enforcement the richer coastal and municipal level provinces and weak enforcement in less developed regions. Potentially, this can create an institutionalized system of domestic environmental injustice where the rich can benefit from a better environment while outsourcing pollution to the poor.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This study investigated the effects of ethnic minority adolescents' ethnic self-identification (host country, dual, or heritage country) on friendship choices among ethnic majority and minority peers. Hypotheses were derived from similarity-attraction and social identity theory and tested using longitudinal social network data from 1,004 middle school students (five schools) in Germany. Results showed that ethnic minority adolescents' ethnic self-identification affected friendship selection beyond ethnic homophily. While host country and dual identification was beneficial with respect to friendships with both ethnic majority and minority peers, heritage country identification was detrimental to relations with both of them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
If he abandons his religion once the marriage has already been consummated and then comes back to Islam during the wife’s retreat, the dissolution is void and the marriage is reinstated, b) the marriage is not dissolved when the wife abandons her religion. According to Article 16.1 of the CEDAW, states shall ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, “The same rights and responsibilities during marriage and at its dissolution” as well as “The same personal rights as husband and wife, including the right to choose a family name, a profession and an occupation” and “The same rights for both spouses in respect of the ownership, acquisition, management, administration, enjoyment and disposition of property, whether free of charge or for a valuable consideration.” In many countries, the woman’s role as a wife is usually seen as an obedient women, whose basic freedoms can be, to some extent, controlled by her husband (for example in Bahrain,7 Djibouti and Yemen).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
As county-level governments’ information systems improve, a better design of the dibao policy will become increasingly feasible. Simulations by Golan et al. ( Nevertheless, this depends on the quality of targeting for additional beneficiaries, highlighting the importance of administrative systems that allow payments to be channelled to those most in need.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This framework describes teacher professionalism through teachers' knowledge base, autonomy and peer networks. In order to measure how well education systems support teachers' professionalism in each of these domains, TALIS calculates the average number of best practices, as reported by teachers (Box 2.1). Each of the domains of teacher professionalism is scaled from 0 to 5, with 5 representing a theoretical maximum where all practices within the domain are observed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In this book the author argues that judicial activism directed to the protection of human rights and dignity and the right to due process is an essential element of the democratic rule of law in a constitutional democracy as opposed to being ‘judicial overreach’. Put differently, protecting human rights, especially of the vulnerable and marginalized, through judicial decision-making in a constitutional democracy is here held not to equate to judges ‘making law’ (as opposed to interpreting law). Rather it represents courts interpreting and explaining what the constitution mandates the statutory and common law in a democratic society is or must be if it is not so already.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It is presently unclear how land use planning is going to evolve with all the changes implied by the wave of recent legislative changes (e.g. ALUR, MAPTAM and NOTRe). Intercommunal power is increasingly emphasised and the new regions (13 instead of 22) should have more influence on planning. But, with the tradition of the commune’s monopoly in term of land use, regions are uncertain about their areas of competence. While the intent has been to make the process of planning more co-ordinated and to establish clearer responsibilities at each level, in some cases the effect has been to destabilise existing relationships that were formed under the old rules and now have to be readjusted to reflect the new rules. This can occur in the middle of multi-year agreements and can affect outcomes. In an assessment of the French system, Reimer et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In other words, expected average O&M costs fell by 50% from 2010 to 2015, and again by 20% from 2015 to 2020. Finally, looking at the LCOE at a 10% discount rate, the LCOE for large solar PV decreased from USD 1031 per MWh to USD 667 per MWh and then to USD 175 per MWh, i.e. it decreased by one-third from 2010 to 2015, then by three-quarters to 2020. Therefore, the anticipated costs of large solar PV have “plunged” by more than 80% from 2005 (see NEA/IEA, 2005) to 2015 (see NEA/IEA, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This is in response to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) obligations on habitats (Aichi Target 13). In Croatia, autochthonous breeds have developed over hundreds of years of use and practice, 26 breeds are at risk because of the increased mechanization of agriculture. These breeds generally have low productivity and therefore there is little interest in maintaining them on farms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This article contributes to the empirical literature on the political economy of tax policy through the use of a panel data set on statutory rate changes and new tax adoptions by state governments during the postwar period. A principal finding is that there is little evidence in support of recent models of political policy cycles that emphasize the use of short-run fiscal policy instruments (such as a tax cut) as an election draws near to enhance reelection prospects. The timing of tax increases is clearly linked with election cycles, however, with the largest share of rate increases and new adoptions occurring during the first year of a governor's term in office. Also examined is the political consequence of state tax policy actions. Evidence is presented showing that voters tend to blame governors more than the legislature for rate increases on broad-based taxes, especially for increases enacted in an election year.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In this written commentary for the special issue of  Education Policy Analysis Archives  focused on “Redesigning Assessment and Accountability,” we call for teacher preparation to embrace a multiple measures philosophy by providing teacher candidates with rich opportunities to engage with data from a variety of sources, beyond teacher test scores and principal evaluations. We apply and extend Bae’s (2018) argument to teacher preparation policies, urging teacher educators to develop programs that promote continuous improvement. We argue that teacher education can and should prepare candidates to engage in multiple measure systems, critically evaluate data and sense make to construct meaning, reflect on and improve their practice to meet the needs of all students, and ultimately advocate for next-generation accountability systems that authentically foreground and prioritize continuous improvement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Abstract An examination of six urban Canadian school districts' policies and co-curricular programs for safe and inclusive schools shows contrasting implicit patterns of citizenship education. Peacekeeping-oriented districts relied heavily on standardized control and exclusion to achieve school safety and allocated few resources to affirming diversity. Peacemaking-oriented districts supplemented peacekeeping with some regularized opportunities for students to learn to manage conflict and diversity. Peacebuilding-oriented districts provided relatively comprehensive and inclusive programs of conflict management and anti-bias education, embracing conflict and diversity as natural learning opportunities. Clearly such system-level policy reflects prevailing understandings of problems that need fixing, not necessarily actual practice. The paper argues that the implicit, daily patterns of human relations and conflict management in school districts are powerful socializers, as well as powerful constraints on the ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The six Sydney based partners in this project are well placed to engage other industry, community and government partners in order to strengthen metropolitan wide partnerships. The project partners, as well as governments, industries and communities, are seeking to articulate a vision for Sydney as an innovative, skilled and sustainable economy. Sydney’s competitiveness will benefit if the six partners actively engage with local government, enterprises and state agencies in each metropolitan regional catchment to build regional leadership and initiatives to support the growth of green industries, sustainability practices and green skills. In particular, the City of Cities, which emphasises the importance of strengthening employment centres close to where people live, reinforces the importance of investing in infrastructure and skills in high growth regions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
For example, the tax for foreign tourists, non-residents of Ecuador over 12 years is of USD $100, while tourists and foreign nationals residing in Ecuador, over 12 years have to pay USD $6. The total revenues coming from this tax are reinvested among several entities: 10% goes to INGALA (Galapagos Immigration), 5 % to the Ecuadorian Navy, 10% to the Consejo Provincial de Galapagos, 25% to the Galapagos Municipalities, 5 % to the Galapagos Marine Reserve, 5 % to Inspection and Quarantine Services and the last 40% to the Galapagos National Park. ( Parque Nacional Galapagos Ecuador, 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
International and non-governmental organizations and governments should consider adopting more refined indicators of unmet need, such as the “proportion of demand satisfied,” which shows the share of total demand for contraceptives that is being fulfilled. Taken together, contraceptive use and unmet need only define the total level of demand for family planning. Measuring “demand satisfied” serves as a proxy for whether a persons stated desires regarding contraception are being fulfilled and is a more sensitive measure of the extent to which individuals, communities, and health systems support people’s right to use family planning.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
They commit themselves to increasing students’ school and personal success through an improvement project. In turn, education authorities commit themselves to providing the necessary resources. The last report on Retention in post primary schools shows that the average Leaving Certificate retention rate in DEIS schools increased from 68.2% to 73.2% for students who entered post primary level from 2001 to 2004.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)