albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
During the 1997 special session on the review of five years of implementation of the agenda, the United Nations General Assembly identified transport as the largest end user of energy in developed countries and the fastest growing one in most developing countries. The General Assembly also noted, "Over the next twenty years, transportation is expected to be the major driving force behind a growing world demand for energy." Subsequent global agendas have increasingly reinforced the significance of transport to global and local development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
To the extent that agricultural growth leads to a diversification of the demand pattern and hence of activities that can meet domestic demand, the employment-generating potential of an “agricultural push” strategy can be quite significant. The experience of developed countries demonstrates the critical importance of developing manufacturing activities and related producer services, so as to benefit from synergies and increasing returns to scale and to provide employment for the younger population. Modernization of agricultural production processes generates a growing surplus of labour in rural areas, and that labour surplus then seeks productive employment in urban centres. Improving the prospects for subsistence workers of finding jobs in more modern activities is essential for the structural transformation of the economy. This is the second prong of the approach outlined in this Report, focusing on employment opportunities in tradables sectors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Methods of collecting and calculating the data vary across and within countries and are also subject to errors of measurement. Sources of data for irrigation freshwater withdrawals include sample surveys of irrigators, and are sometimes estimated using information on irrigated crop acreages along with specific crop water-consumption coefficients or irrigation-system application rates. In other cases irrigation water withdrawal data may reflect water allocations, which may differ substantially from actual withdrawals depending on annual climatic conditions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
God lavishes Indonesia with natural resources are very abundant, so we are proud to say "what the hell do not we have?". On the other hand, there are still many residents of this country are still far below the poverty line. Naturally, the question arises advanced "what's wrong?". The research method used is qualitative method used descriptive exploratory approach. Approach descriptive exploratory study conducted by the document. Based literature review concluded that there had been "mismanagement" in the management of natural resources (as above), should any sda management policy rests on the principles of good governance which is the organizing principle of good State: 1) Participation, 2)Rule of law, 3) Transparancy, 4) Responsive, 5) Consensus Orientation, 6) Equity, 7) Effectiveness and efficiency, 8) Accountability, 9) Strategic vision.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
On the basis of information from 11 countries showing the contraction of regional output and the concomitant weakness of employers' demand for labour, it has been estimated that the number of wage workers fell slightly (-0.2%). In contrast, own-account work continued to follow a markedly countercyclical trend, rising by 2.7%. The processes driving up unemployment rates were different for men and women. In the case of men.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The average violation eradication rate was 81.4 per cent, varying from 68.7 to 94.1 per cent. Measures taken for non-compliance vary from warning to penalties or suspension of activity'. The significance of a food-bome disease outbreak depends on the number of people exposed to the contaminated food and to the nature of the contaminant.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It presents a conceptual framework for indicator use and, building on the indicator frameworks under the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), provides an overview' of indicators that are beginning to emerge. The chapter concludes with an overview of possible indicators that could be used to monitor and evaluate mainstreaming biodiversity efforts across the range of different types of policy responses. Other structures see failure to deliver expected results as an opportunity- for learning. National Climate Change Adaptation: Emerging Practices in Monitoring and Evaluation, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264229679-cn.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
On the external front, continued weakness in commodity exports, in particular petroleum products, was partly offset by solid performance of electrical and electronics exports. The decline in the import of intermediate goods also implied a growing value-added contribution of the electrical and electronics sector (World Bank, 2015b). Private consumption could be constrained by expected slower growth in inflation-adjusted earnings as price pressures build up slowly in coming years. On the other hand, accommodative monetary policy would continue to support consumption, with the policy interest rate being left unchanged and the reserve requirement ratio having been reduced by 50 basis points in January 2016.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In addition, only 15% of adults (25-64 year-olds) possess good ICT and problem solving-skills - the lowest rare among OECD countries participating in the OECD Survey of Adult Skills. In order to better promote the development of its human capital and reduce skill mismatches in the labour market, Poland should continue its efforts to strengthen adult learning. Between 2010 and 2012 GDP grew faster than educational expenditure, resulting in a slight decrease in the share (0.3 percentage points while the OECD average remained stable over the same period).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Source: ESCAP/ADB/UNDP 2010. Thus, the data do not take into account the impact of the crisis. Indeed, the LDCs have felt the adverse impact of the economic, food, and fuel crises beginning from 2007 through lower economic growth, lower government revenues, higher debt burdens, decline in investments, increases in inflation and cost of living, job losses, and reduced remittances (see ESCAP 2010b, 2010c).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Tax policy is also typically set nationally - including in the European Union, where each country sets its own policy. Both elements of policy can help to require manufacturers and encourage consumers to move towards more efficient vehicles. These policies are among the most important for countries to cut oil demand, lower oil dependence and C02 emissions, and move towards more sustainable page | 50 transport systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The series of events leading up to the US invasion of Iraq on 19 March 2003 is examined from the perspective of theoretical and practical rationality and in the light of The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, the Charter of the United Nations (1945) and elements of just war theory. Strikingly, even without assuming the authority of the Charter of the United Nations and the validity of just war theory, the decision to wage war pre‐emptively and outside the bounds of international law proves to be equally unjustifiable on pragmatic grounds alone.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Water savings have ranged between 25 and 50 per cent, input cost savings per hectare are estimated to be 23 per cent, due mainly to the use of fewer agrochemicals, and farmers' incomes have increased substantially. However, the involvement of formal research institutions has been more marginal, with some positive experiences in China and Indonesia. The Governments of Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia and Viet Nam have endorsed these innovations and included them as part of their national strategies for food security (Africare, Oxfam America and WWF-ICRISAT Project, 2010, p. 3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
See, for example, the three national systems described in Box 4.2. The leadership of the country aims at transforming it into one of the top 30 most competitive economies in the world by 2050. Education and training are among the policy areas declared to be of decisive importance in achieving this goal and the SPED 2011-2020 (SPED) sets out an impressive list of reforms to modernise and equip the sector for its important role (see Chapter 1 for an overview).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Its Exclusive Economic Zone covers 2 981 211 km2 and inland waters cover 5 400 km2. Production is comprised of 5 061 680 tonnes of marine capture fisheries (41%), 347 420 tonnes of inland capture fisheries (3%), 2 671 723 tonnes of cultured finfish and other aquatic animals (22%), and 4 305 027 tonnes of cultured seaweed and algae (34%). The total gate value of fisheries products amounted to USD 14.1 billion (data from 2010, USD 1 = IDR 9 090). Indonesia also has the world's second highest number of fishers (2 730 510) and aquaculture farmers (3 351 448, data of 2010), as well as the world's second highest number of powered (394 630) and non-powered (162 510) fishing vessels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
At the same time it poses clear risks to the provision of equitable and sustainable mobility for all. Nonetheless, they are starting to have an impact of trip-making behaviour where they are present and are starting to be seen as a potential complement for first and last mile connections. In low density regions difficult to service with public transport and areas where public transport is available but quality is perceived to be lacking, ride services may also come to be seen as an alternative. Most of these initiatives are taking place in the United States - partly because of the popularity of ride services there, partly because many urban areas there have difficulty providing attractive public transport. Many of the partnerships described in this report are pilot projects or promotional campaigns and at present there is no evidence for a permanent shift in public transport service delivery towards structural partnerships with ride services. Nonetheless, authorities and ride-service operators are using these pilots to test new ways of improving mobility outcomes where it is difficult to provide quality public transport.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In remote rural regions, food supply can be a major challenge, as can access to food. Moreover, because these regions have small populations that tend to be politically disenfranchised, they are not a high-priority constituency for national governments when food insecurity challenges emerge. For poor households, food consumption typically accounts for around half of all expenditures, making them particularly susceptible to price increases.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Monitoring and sanctions, while very strict in principle, are in practice far less stringent, as proof of job search is often perfunctory and benefit cancellation seldom enforced. Welcome progress has been made in the evaluation of programmes to help the unemployed, and these efforts should be further strengthened and used to channel scarce resources into the most effective programmes. Estatisticas da Educagao 2012/2013, DGEEC/MEC, Lisbon.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
To ensure that workshop trainers were fully prepared for the specific needs and interests of the target group, they had to undertake a number of training courses provided by the employment service (OECD/EU, 2016). These coaches provide professional advice related to regulatory and social norms, business plan development, available funding sources and personal skills development (OECD/European Commission, 2013). Since the objective of the programme is to develop multi-disciplinary, cross-sectional projects, there is a shortage of appropriate project evaluators at a local level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In Brazil, the federal government sets the general standards for schools but does not have direct responsibilities, with a few exceptions, on primary and secondary schools, which are mainly local (municipalities) and regional (states). Both levels have a large degree of autonomy in determining their curriculum. The group also aimed at providing the technical advice needed to shape the programme in accordance with educational official methodology, as well as to facilitate the inclusion of financial concepts into the normal curriculum of primary and secondary schools.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The relative loss in pension entitlements in Germany is of similar size at different eamings levels and even larger for a ten-year career intemrptioa with pension entitlements falling by more than 20% (OECD, 2015). Germany is one of few OECD countries to give the same additional credits to mothers who continue to w'ork and those who interrupt their careers for child cate reasons. As a consequence, women on average eamings who interrupt their careers for five years to care for two children lose more pension entitlements than in other OECD countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
According to Noronha (2005), the literature does not reflect any consensus as to the best approach to use in order to classify self-evaluations of health status. The indicator of deaths of live-born children is an indirect measurement of premature death and general health standards. In addition to being important in and of itself, education is a vehicle for training as defined in the capability approach in that it facilitates the exercise of agency in a series of functionings, such as being in good health, having a decent job, exercising citizenship, appreciating works of art and cultural events, etc.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In Estonia, rates fell by nearly 50% over the 20-year period, but not before rising substantially in the mid-1990s. Death rates from suicides have increased in countries such as Japan and Korea. In Japan, there was a sharp rise in the mid- to late 1990s, coinciding with the Asian financial crisis, but have remained stable since. Suicide rates also rose sharply at this time in Korea, but unlike Japan, rates have continued to increase.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The only available policy tool for cross-sectoral collaboration is the SRC project funding, but this addresses policy concerns in priority societal challenges. Norway and the Netherlands display shares of 50% and 41%, respectively. According to Statistics Finland’s last R&D survey, large firms with more than 500 employees represented about 76% of BERD in 2014.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Service providers, for example, should give clear instructions and use data visualization techniques to allow users to access and understand the fundamentals of the services provided and their contingencies.316 Other stakeholders, including governments and non-profit organizations, should offer easily navigable spaces (online or face-to-face) to increase understanding of consumer and business rights. Younger entrepreneurs and consumers could also benefit from financial literacy and awareness programmes on the fast-paced digital age. This is particularly the case in low income countries and remote rural areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Kerekere is a form of reciprocity in which one may ask neighbours, friends and relatives for goods and services to meet one’s basic socio-economic needs, or for the purpose of fulfilling certain social obligations (Ratuva, 2006). Some of these customs are traditions, such as the utu (extended family), karekare (taking turns at joint work with non-utu members), te aiai (sharing fire), bubuti (the requesting of gifts based on family relationships), te Katabetabe (burden sharing, especially at funerals) and tekaonono (sharing food with people outside the utu). The Mata (chiefly title) system in Samoa that controls all local government is a traditional, well-organized social protection system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Assemblage thinking and actor-network theory (ANT) have been at the forefront of a paradigm shift that sees space and agency as the result of associating humans and non-humans to form precarious wholes. This shift offers ways of rethinking the relations between power, politics and space from a more processual, socio-material perspective. After sketching and comparing the concepts of the assemblage and the actor-network, this paper reviews the current scholarship in human geography which clusters around the four themes of deterritorialisation/reterritorialisation, power, materials, objects and technologies, and topological space. Looking towards the future, it suggests that assemblage thinking and ANT would benefit from exploring links with other social theories, arguing for a more sustained engagement with issues of language and power, and affect and the body.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
A number of programmes were implemented under the AgriRecovery framework to assist producers in dealing with the impacts of flooding, drought and disease that had hit producers in parts of Canada. The new rules for PROCAMPO were published in April 2009 with three main changes. First the rate of payments was made more progressive from 2009, providing higher payment rates for smaller farmers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The case-law of the Romanian courts reveals significant disparities concerning the interpretation and application of the two main European sources in the field of human rights - the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights. It is because of this reason that the present chapter deals with case-law of Romanian courts concerning the said issue raised in requests for a preliminary ruling, covering both references for a preliminary ruling and judgments rendered by Romanian courts in which those courts rejected such requests. The subject-matter is liable to trigger a heated debate about limits of powers and their exercise by courts in relation to references involving the application of different legal standards - national law, European Union law and the European Convention on Human Rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Inflation rates, after a hike in 2008, are back to pre-crisis levels (Figure 2), but consumer prices will remain under pressure. In the oil-importing countries (Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan), one can expect further rounds of energy price increases following the developments of global energy prices and ongoing utility reforms necessitating further rounds of tariff adjustments (World Bank 2010b). The recent increase in international wheat prices could put further upward pressure on consumer price indices in the region if international prices are passed through to domestic consumers (IMF 2010a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
An outline of the indicator framework is shown in Table 5.1. The five themes covered include: the environment and resource productivity of the economy, the natural asset base, the environmental dimensions of quality of life, economic opportunities and policy responses, and context indicators covering the socio-economic characteristics of growth. What are the lessons that other local areas can leam from Schonefelder Kreuz, and what are the critical markers of transition and how effective have policy responses been in encouraging this transition?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The area includes dozens of riverine and indigenous villages that live off small-scale agriculture and extractive activities. Officially recognised in December 2010, the mosaic aims to improve the management of its participating protected areas by adopting a shared and participatory management model. This structure allows park managers to share expertise, infrastructure and equipment and better engage with communities residing in border areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The individual institutions, the research councils and the national authorities bear a responsibility for the formulation of research and innovation policy. The term "innovation” is increasingly used in research policy to mean not only product and quality development, but also service innovations, the use of new technologies, more innovative use of public resources, etc. Thus innovation is defined in relatively broad terms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
An example is the adoption of the internet as a means of communication. To correct for these biases time fixed effects are introduced under the assumption that the source for unobserved heterogeneity does not vary across countries. They propose the use of a dynamic specification using a Least Squares Dummy Variable Corrected (LSDVC) estimator to account for this. Additionally complications in the estimation can also arise from the truncated nature of the dependent variable. The Gini coefficient which is used as dependent variable lies in the 0-1 interval and this may require the use of a logistic estimation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
This will occur gradually once the legislation currently in Congress proposing PROT as a statutory planning instrument is approved. These should not be confused with the central government’s established Strategic Regional Plans (one for each region). Strategic Regional Plans are top-down documents designed as a roadmap for Intendentes to ensure the President’s Programme of Government is executed at the regional level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Some aspects can be local, such as traditional social norms and hierarchy, while others are global. In general, socio-economic inequalities, such as in economic status and educational achievements, are critical determinants of health inequalities. A Criticism of the Millennium Development Goals and Why They Cannot Be Measured", Plos Medicine, vol.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Decisions on introducing questions that address new topics within themes will be informed by reflections on recent research literature, or by interests expressed by TALIS participants, often in relation to prior TALIS findings. The inclusion of core questions held constant for the purpose of time-series analyses will reflect the indicators that education systems still prioritise as key indicators of how well they are functioning. The TALIS conceptual framework serves to structure the constructs and instruments in a way that facilitates decisions on which constructs and measures to include in TALIS 2018.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Enchantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation", World Development, 27(4), 629-649. Aguilar, L., Quesada-Aguilar, A. and Shaw, D.M.P. (2011). Forests and Gender, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO), Gland, Switzerland and New York.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The series includes reviews, (such as this one) involving an in-depth analysis of a country system leading to a set of policy recommendations backed by analysis. In addition there are commentaries. These simpler exercises are largely descriptive but also include an assessment of strengths and challenges in the country system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Consequently, they have less social capital than men, who occupy more central and more remunerative positions in the value chain. This marginalisation of women requires public policies that consider not only the attributes of women but their social relations. Structural causes also explain the fragmentation of the governance network involved in the economic activities of women (Chapter 51.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)