albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
They demonstrated the potential of some value chains to double yields and farmers' incomes without expanding the farmed area or increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Green growth agroparks, such as Suiker Unie in the Netherlands, have a strong focus on the environment and on value-added food products. The scope of these agro-parks is to optimize the use of natural resources - especially through more efficient and sustainable water use - in food production, processing and distribution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
A citizen of Kyrgyzstan as a State-member of the Eurasian Economic Union is supposed to undergo registration within 30 days whereas this deadline is 15 days for a citizen of Tajikistan. Special conditions can be applied due to events in the Russian Federation: for example, during the FIFA Confederations Cup 2017 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup all foreigners are supposed to undergo such registration on the first day of their entrance into the Russian Federation. Such rules are established only for participants in programmes for highly skilled professionals, usually "expats" who are generally citizens of non-CIS countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Discussions aimed to answer how refugee teachers could best be managed so that their rights were protected, their impact on the destination country was beneficial and they were enabled to improve educational quality and access. Participants explored systemic and structural issues as well as good practice and identified future research directions. Ongoing quantitative and qualitative research was presented by field-based practitioners as well as educational managers and academics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
To date, none has accomplished its goal in a sustainable manner. The large disparity among Arab countries in terms of GDP has led to different measures taken to achieve food security, with high-income economies such as the GCC countries relying on their oil remittance to import food, while poor countries such as LDCs partially depending on foreign investments and food aid programmes. Realizing the importance of regional cooperation to improve the agricultural sector, and thus livelihood of the Arab population, LAS has taken many initiatives during the past five decades aimed at achieving that goal. Footnote (12 September 2013), available from http://footnoteLcom/did-drouaht-trieser-the-crisis-in-svria/ (accessed 30 March 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This accounts for the much larger share of cash transfers in continental Europe. About half of lone parents and about a fifth of single persons and couples with children live only on benefits. Another 15% of lone parents receive more than 50% of their income in benefits (Figure 1.12, Panel A). For lone parents, benefits are on average far higher than earnings (Figure 1.12, Panel B).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The High Court's role of judicial review has often been examined for its impact on rights protection, an area of particular interest in Australia due to the historical lack of an explicit bill of rights in either statutory or constitutional form. In 2004 rights issues were presented in particularly stark relief in several key cases, demonstrating the difficulties of the role of judicial review in the Australian constitutional framework. The cases analysed here produce compelling evidence of the limitations of relying on judicial review for rights protection within the Australian system of government. They demonstrate that in the absence of a clearer framework for the protection of rights the judiciary can uphold unambiguous decisions of the legislature enshrined in statute, even where and when those provisions are considered to override the rule of law, international standards and human rights principles.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The environment is contaminated with petroleum products, radioactive fallout from nuclear testing and fallen rocket debris. About 40 per cent of reindeer pastures are no longer usable. ’ Lack of sewage facilities in the North adds to water pollution. Among the most dangerous of these toxins are persistent organic pollutants (POPs)—pesticides, industrial chemicals and by-products—that have a particular combination of physical and chemical properties that, when released into the environment, remain intact for years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The global budget is made up of an activity-based prospective payment involving systematic DRG grouping and case-mix adjustment for inpatient and ambulatory surgery (the DRG component accounts for nearly 50% of hospital financing), while the remaining hospital revenue comes from fee-for-services (for outpatient and emergency visits), bundled payments (for some chronic conditions), and some quality-based payments. Since 2011, each hospital has to establish a three-year action plan for hospital reorganisation with the Regional Health Authority so that reform implementation can be continuously monitored by regional authorities. Overall, the results of the past and ongoing hospital reforms have had positive impacts on both quality and efficiency (OECD, 2015c).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In total, BULOG operates with a stock holding of at least 1 million tonnes of milled rice to perform these three functions, and has authority to build up its stock holding to 2 million tonnes. Finally, it must procure rice from farmers and/or millers at Government Purchase Prices (Harga Pembelian Pemerintah, HPP), which are set before the start of each season by the government through a Presidential Instruction (INPRES). Both were more instruments of control than of representation. The KUD concept was introduced in 1970 to function as a service centre for rural people residing in one or more villages.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Such planning would allow for the development of energy systems, for adaptation to contemporary and emerging challenges and evolving energy technologies, thereby enabling accelerated market-driven scientific collaboration, energy connectivity, and other issues. There have been many declarations of intentions to promote energy connectivity. It has been proposed that these declarations and intentions be formalized in the shape of an Asia-Pacific energy charter.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It is therefore vital that initiatives are rooted in local operations and have the backing of local stakeholders. For example, despite the aim of the GGWSSI (Box 6) to integrate actions in national policies, progress reports have showed that this remains a difficulty. However, this issue has been mentioned by the initiative itself, thus recognizing areas for improvement. If technical, financial and other professional capacity resides mainly with external partners, the initiative is vulnerable to lacking such capacity if external partners lose their affiliation with the initiative or become preoccupied with other projects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Dozens of similar stories were shared by other migrant women, both during the focus group discussions and in the shelter cases. In this way, migration has helped challenge a well-entrenched customary system of discrimination that deprives women of strategic assets and access to resources. Moving outside the parental house without being married comes with great stigma in Nepalese society. The money earned abroad allows women to postpone their marriage and better negotiate their role and space in their new home.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Law 18/2009 on Livestock and Animal Health. The Council comprises all Indonesian Muslim groups. It was founded in 1975 as a body to produce fatwa and to advise the Muslim community on contemporary issues. During the 1990s more than 100 tariff lines were supervised. Other agricultural products included wheat or meslin flour, rice flour, other flour, soybeans, flour and meal of soybean, and cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose in solid form (WTO, 1998).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Data were averaged over 2010-2015. The DfT produced a lookup for LHAs (Local Highway Authorities) to FUAs. Some LHAs might only partially overlap with the FUA, in which case a fraction of their traffic volume is accounted for in the FUA total. This fraction is assumed to be proportional to the spatial overlap, an assumption which of course induces great uncertainty in the results. In two of the FUAs in the United Kingdom, traffic volume data could not be computed because boundary mismatch caused an uncertainty on the traffic volumes which was greater than +/-30%. This is observed in the vast majority of cities (61 out of 68) where data is provided by gender.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
From 1990 to 2015, more than 1 billion people were lifted out of extreme poverty. Achieving SDG 1, however, will nonetheless not be easy. Over 700 million people continue to battle extreme poverty, living on less than $1.90 per day. The world population continues to grow. Poverty eradication efforts will demand we reach communities alienated within current development pathways because they lack productive capacities, live in remote areas without access to services or face discrimination. Many people who escape income poverty may remain relatively poor in their local context or face deprivations in health, education and shelter.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
On average, results suggest that about 50% of harm in primary' and ambulatory care is considered preventable in high-income countries, but estimates varied from over 80% to less than 20%. It should again be noted that preventability is not static and changes with new knowledge and innovation. Despite wide-ranging estimates, findings strongly suggest that there is a considerable potential for saving and liberating resources if patient harm is avoided.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Fishing is, to a large extent, a low-wage or subsistence-based activity and its decline due to climate change would be expected to affect large population groups. Populations in these areas largely comprise nomadic, semi-nomadic and sedentary agricultural inhabitants. Large areas of populated drylands with growing subsistence populations, in particular, pose challenges to agricultural development and food security in Africa and large parts of central and South Asia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The CEFC also invests w'ith co-financiers to develop new sources of capital for the clean energy sector. In line with its policy intent, the Corporation considers the positive externalities and public policy outcomes when making investment decisions and when determining whether concessional funding should be granted. Funding is for projects valued up to AUD 5 million, and is aimed at cutting energy and carbon emissions in small to medium enterprises, including farms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The essay aims to explore the criminological work of Erich Fromm, in particular to establish conceptual parameters for the analysis and critique of the traditional theories of the legitimation of the punishment, adopting a dialectical and interdisciplinary approach from the critical theory of society. Fromm, by intertwining criminology (deviance sociology and social control) and psychoanalysis, and by questioning the functions of punishment in contemporary societies from outside the criminal law field, develops and allows a new set of inquiries about the functionality of the criminal justice, particularly regarding the concrete effects of punishment on crime prevention. In this sense, the present investigation is divided into two parts: firstly, the analysis of the epistemological and methodological conditions of the dialogue between criminology and psychoanalysis, and secondly the questioning of official discourses on the justification of punishment in contemporary societies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
At the same time, the guidance describes an overall water management process covering 5 stages: i) assessing the global and local water situations, ii) accounting for and understanding impacts, iii) identifying water risks and opportunities, iv) determining actions and setting targets, and v) monitoring and communicating performance. Step 1 sets the boundary using questions such as: how much water is available? Or what is the local demand for water? With regard to actual accounting, seven tools are mentioned useful for Step 2, with references to existing measurement methods such as BIER practical perspective on Water Accounting, GEMI Local Water Tool, and ISO Water Footprint: Requirements and Guidelines.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
One of the most important but least recognized changes in the last decade is the shift from violent ethnic conflict to the management of ethnic disputes.2 Nearly two dozen violent ethnic conflicts were sparked by the end of the Cold War, and by the early 1990s more than 100 ethnic groups were relying on violence to achieve their goals.3 Yet, by the decade’s end, ethnic conflict started to wane and nationalist groups were more likely to rely on compromise and diplomacy than on guns and force. This is particularly true in the post-communist world where speeches laden with references to democracy and joining the West quickly replaced nationalist rhetoric. Even in Bosnia-Herzegovina, where ethnic strife turned to genocide, concentration camps, and over 200,000 casualties, stability and peace now reign. While hardly resolved, how have ethnic differences been managed?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Changes in water quality and ecological status are considered likely, but have not been investigated. Current practical information needs — as demonstrated by the case of the Tisza — include the quantification of the predicted impacts on water resources and a better knowledge about their spatial distribution. A number of research projects, funded in particular by the EU, aim at strengthening the knowledge base. The necessity of strengthening interdisciplinary research of climate change impacts on water-related sectors of the economy requires coordination between different sectors and agencies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
1. Democracy and the State in the New Southern Europe 2. The Welfare State and Democracy: On the Development of Social Security in Southern Europe 3. Social Policy, Democracy, and Citizenship in Southern Europe 4. Democratic Consolidation, Judicial Reform, and the Judicialization of Politics in Southern Europe 5. Old Problems and New Challenges: The Enduring and Changing Functions of Southern European State Bureaucracies 6. Multi-Level Governance and the Transformation of Regional Mobilization and Identity in Southern Europe, With Particular Attention to Catalonia and the Basque Country 7. The Environment, Socioeconomic Transformation, and Political Change in the New Southern Europe 8. Democratic and Economic Consolidation in Southern Europe 9. Conclusion
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The question of jurisdiction over illicit activities in the Mediterranean Sea is the focus of the present article. It is posited that enhancement of the  ordre public  and the rule of law in the Mediterranean requires the prior establishment of precise, foreseeable and accessible domestic laws, as well as of the requisite jurisdictional nexus between the forum State and the illicit activity. Accordingly, the issue of legislative and enforcement jurisdiction over such activities, such as the smuggling of migrants, drug trafficking and international terrorism will be canvassed. These activities and the threats they pose for the security and the public order of the States bordering the Mediterranean Sea loom large in the current discourse over enforcement action in the region. However, the centre of attention has mainly been enforcement as such, and not the need for prior establishment of enforcement jurisdiction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The importance of protecting and keeping intact nature areas (level 1] is thus essential for the Nordic countries in relation to the Aichi targets. This contrasts restoration of degraded land as it must climb step by step (generally slow). This means that all progress in restoration towards the 15% target should be measured against this year [or the closest year with available data].
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This article examines the exclusion of economic and social rights from peacebuilding. The peacebuilding process has become dominated by a liberal agenda resulting in a ‘one size fits all’ model of peacebuilding. As a consequence, the inclusion of human rights within the mandate of peacebuilding has also been limited to a liberal conception of human rights constituting only civil and political rights. It is argued that an alternative approach is required which refocuses the peacebuilding agenda on human security: a hybrid ‘human security plus’ approach to peacebuilding (or a ‘inclusive’ human rights approach) will ensure the protection and promotion of economic, social and cultural rights, while maintaining protection of civil and political rights, throughout the whole peacebuilding process: from peace agreements to post-conflict reconstruction. The result will be a reclaiming of the peacebuilding agenda to improve its effectiveness and provide a legal framework for building positive peace.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The scope of SAICM includes agricultural chemicals. Of SAICM-related issues, the FAO has mainly been concerned with pesticides used in agriculture,25 and in that area the FAO has established cooperation with SAICM and other international chemicals agreements. In particular, on the issue of highly hazardous pesticides, the FAO has provided information and outlined possible actions for SAICM to take in this area (FAO 2014). There are ample opportunities for cooperation and synergies between the FAO and SAICM. The UN Special Rapporteur on the implications for human rights of the environmentally sound management and disposal of hazardous substances and waste was first appointed in 1995, and the work still continues today.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
From 1987, this dynamic is considerably muted and a significant negative trend can be observed in Figure 14a and 14b. The discharge anomaly plots in Figure 14c clearly show a below-average annual discharge since 1987. There is still a distinction between high- and low-flow periods, but the regimes differ significantly, with Addasiya exhibiting a double peak during winter high flows, while upstream Maqarin registers a damped winter high-flow period (Figure 15).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In the HWBI, women are working on a variety of enterprises, including business and personal services and handicraft/jewellery production. In the JFBPW incubators, women are involved in services, food production, arts and crafts, graphic design, and health and beauty products. The JFBPW targets young women graduates, AFEM does not seek a particular profile, and the EBWA targets women from lower and middle-income groups, women who already have microenterprises, and women who may be operating in the informal sector but with project ideas showing some aspects of innovativeness and commercial promise.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Public investment showed signs of improvement, growing by an estimated 22% in 2015 after having contracted in the previous two years. Exports remained weak as shipments of agricultural commodities, electronics and petrochemicals were disappointing. Trade in services was a bright spot, however, with tourism revenues reaching nearly a tenth of GDP, despite the bombing incident that occurred in Bangkok in August 2015. Consumer spending is expected to recover further, benefiting from relatively mild inflation, low interest rates and stimulus measures introduced in late 2015, although high household debt and weak rural incomes will continue to act as a drag on spending on durable goods.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The author explains the origins of All Judges Are Political—Except When They Are Not: Acceptable Hypocrisies and the Rule of Law (2010) as a response to a fundamental question posed by legal realism: How can the judicial process be permeated with politics and yet remain an accepted part of a legitimate legal system? The author demonstrates the ongoing importance of this question by examining debates over the place of constitutional law in the law school curriculum and by assessing public perceptions of the Supreme Court's ruling on health care reform. The author then addresses the critical appraisals presented by the symposium contributors. The critiques are taken as road maps for extending the author's arguments in new directions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Before being able to establish whether certain kinds of organised cyber-crime constitute a security threat, it is important to consider the wide variation in structure and targets of cyber-criminal organisations, some of which are state agencies or state-sponsored organisations, or involve collaboration between states and private entities. Peter Grabosky argues that some forms of organised cyber-crime may be a nuisance but they cannot be regarded as threats to national or international security, while cyber-crimes do impact on national security and can lead to international conflict. In either case, traditional definitions of organised crime do not accurately reflect the nature or organised cyber-crime.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This is corroborated by the fact that LDCs account for 15 per cent of global migrant stock but their share in global remittances was only 5.7 per cent. An International Organization for Migration (IOM) survey (IOM 2010) found that annual remittance per migrant worker was only USD 1,672 for Bangladesh whilst the figures for India, China and Philippines were USD 4,843, USD 6,112 and USD 4,982 respectively. The 2010 IOM survey found high correlation between education level and remittances sent by Bangladeshi migrant workers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In the first scenario, the effective burden of employer contributions is assumed to fall exclusively on the employer. In the second scenario, the burden falls exclusively on the employee, the underlying assumption being that in the long run employers adjust wages in response to the level of employer contributions (see Brittain, 1971, Vroman, 1974, and Beach and Balfour, 1983). See Figure 2.3 in OECD (2007). Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
For example, the ‘mummy track’ gender stereotype around women as primary caretakers persists with women often having to take extended career breaks to respond to family duties. Additionally, qualities associated with being a ‘good leader’ are often correlated to traits thought to be inherent to men - self-confidence, individualism or control - which leads to the phenomenon of ‘think leader, think male’. Such social beliefs impact the ability of women to progress in their careers as they face widespread stereotypes, influencing wider societal viewpoints on womens capabilities and position in the labour force.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Improved forecasting tools can help to improve forecasted unit commitment plans of variable renewable power plants by reducing uncertainty. Gate closure is usually situated between 36 hours and 1 hour ahead of real-time operation. The prediction accuracy is improved by a factor of two when moving from a gate closure time of 36 hours ahead to 3 hours ahead (Luickx, Delarue and D’haeseleer, 2008). With the introduction of large amounts or variable renewable energies in power systems and improved forecasting tools available system operators and regulators should reconsider gate closure rules.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
All sites but one receive municipal solid waste either with or without hazardous waste, e-waste was identified as an important input at seven of the sites. Seeding common ground lor people: livelihoods, governance and waste. Haoitat International 30(4): 741-753. It receives 700,000 tonnes of waste annually, including medical waste and e-waste.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)