albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Abstract   More and more public administration emphasizes how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be used to support transformational change in governmental functions globally to achieve efficiency and cost-effective service delivery to citizens. Bangladesh public administration employs energies to achieve this goal. Experience in some developing countries has shown that e-governance can improve transparency which leads to, among other things, corruption control and poverty reduction. This article examines the role that e-governance can play in the modernization of public administration for efficient and effective service delivery to the citizens of Bangladesh, as well as its potential to control corruption and reduce poverty. Based on the lessons learned from successful practices in developing countries and literature review, it suggests that e-governance can play a significant role for corruption control and poverty reduction, and thus offers opportunities to cost-effective service delivery to the citizens in Bangladesh.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in Nepal. Compounded by the remote terrain, endemic poverty, and a lack of access to health facilities, the use of misoprostol has advantages over the standard use of oxytocin for PPH management. Drawing on our qualitative study of a pilot intervention managed by the Nepal Family Health Programme, we map the institutional relationships involved in the design, implementation, and practices for bringing misoprostol into national policy. In the intense and competitive global and national policy arena, sustained lobbying and getting the ‘right people’ on board were as powerful drivers as the quality of the intervention itself. The case study takes us to the heart of the debate around the politics of generation of evidence for interventions in global health programmes, and ultimately the question of accountability for health policy and practice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It engenders promoting equal rights and access to justice through policy reform drawn from litigation that go beyond issues of the individual plaintiff. There is also a unit in the sharia courts, headed by women’s lawyers to support women’s awareness and understanding of legal rights. This unit counsels and helps women in their rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In many countries, businesses operate via government funded contracts, but also often through independent entrepreneurship. Community-based organisations and non-governmental organisations are also commonly involved in plastics recycling in many contexts (GIZ, 2013[39j). In practice, individual processes may be carried out in isolation or combined at a single location.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Guided by the state committees, these offices ensure the organisation’s on-the-ground presence in New Jersey, Connecticut and on Long Island, and play a critical role in the research, planning and advocacy for projects in their respective areas. The majority of the association’s income (81%) comes from its endowment, which is regularly increased by donations from members (individual and corporate). The rest is provided by grants from corporations and philanthropic entities (6%), paid events like seminars and congresses (2%) and funding campaigns (1%). This funding scheme allows the association a high degree of independence in the advice it provides to decision makers. The management of the association consumes 10% of the budget, public affairs 6% and fundraising 4%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Over the last 70 years, a whole body of human rights and entitlements, which have been defined and accepted by the international community and the African region, transcend political, economic, social and cultural differences among countries. These international and regional legal standards set the bar for gender equality and women’s empowerment. Leaders and policymakers therefore need to understand the long-term nature of deconstructing harmful social norms and replacing them with positive social norms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Improved, although still tepid, global trade should help to support growth in export-led economies in East and North-East Asia and South-East Asia. For example, growth in Hong Kong, China, the Republic of Korea and Singapore is projected at around 2.3-3.5% in 2013, up from 1.4-2% in 2012. Renewed growth in India and healthy domestic demand should help to push up growth in South and South-West Asia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In Sweden, for example, a regulation stipulates that a “committee of enquiry” must carry out gender impact analysis of a policy proposal with a potential effect on gender equality. The committee extensively examines the proposal and drafts a report that is submitted to Parliament ahead of its decision. Spain has passed legislation, the Act for Effective Equality between Women and Men, that requires gender impact analyses for regulations and plans of specific “economic, social, cultural and artistic relevance” that are submitted to the Council of Ministers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Second, there is an analysis of the potential use of information for social policies such as health and eradicating poverty. Lastly, attention is paid to care policies, with a focus on those targeting persons with disabilities and young children, which include innovative features and to some extent attempt to transform economic conditions and have an impact on women's autonomy, as well as address social aspects linked to the initial stages of socialization of boy and girls, the development of capacities and skills in early childhood and better social inclusion. Rural, indigenous and campesino women are guardians of biodiversity but, under conditions of significant fragility and exploitation, they have less access to and control over land and production resources, and they shoulder the main responsibility for providing food for their families, collecting water and firewood, and tending vegetable plots and animals.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For small-scale fishers and fish workers, the benefits of being part of an organization include: (i) experiencing a sense of belonging and identity, (ii) generating market power for better opportunities as well as for devising the ways and means to obtain the best return for the products of their labour, (iii) being involved in developing policies to improve the fisheries sector, and (iv) conservation of the fishery resources and protection of their ecosystems. Founded in 1985 by a group of small-scale fishers, its goals are to improve both working conditions for artisanal fisheries and the positioning of their products in the market. This process revealed that the link between the Tarcoles fishing community and its marine resources was not limited to a dependence on them as a source of income and livelihood. In recent years, and with the support of CoopeSoliDar R.L., CoopeTarcoles R.L. has promoted a series of participatory strategies for sustainable management of fishery resources, including the generation of new knowledge.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
European integration affects Nordic civil procedure primarily through the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Union. The case law from the European Court on Human Rights has clearly had a major impact on Nordic civil procedure, but so far the case law from the European Court of Justice and legislation from the Union has had only a minor direct impact. The lack of discussion on Europeanization of Nordic civil procedure has been striking. This is intriguing, as the impact of Europeanization is significant in a wider perspective, encompassing both indirect and direct, top-down and bottom-up developments. When Nordic civil procedure is analyzed by using the concept of legal culture, the extent of Europeanization becomes even clearer: Europeanization has altered norm production, conflict resolution, professionalization, internationalization, the idea of justice, methods and concepts and structure of civil procedure in the Nordic countries irrespective of membership in the European Union.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Such cases have been considered in the long debate about the multifunctional character of agriculture and its potential implications for policy design. The OECD has conducted a suite of studies in this domain.31 The issue is that while producing commodities, agriculture may also generate non-commodity outputs (NCOs) such as rural development, environmental amenities or food security. Where these NCOs are desirable public goods or externalities, governments are called upon to provide them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Despite some modest progress, corporate responsibility for human rights abuses in domestic courts remains elusive. In U.S. federal courts, Alien Tort Statute (ATS) litigation is now more precarious than ever before. While there have been some potentially important developments in English courts, judges are reluctant to extend responsibility to parent corporations for harm caused by the operations of foreign subsidiaries. Although U.S. and English courts have been concerned with distinct doctrinal issues, the overall picture appears to be one of deference to the corporation and its anatomized form, and to the goal of promoting investment abroad.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Spiralling prices tend to reflect rising demand for housing, which has partly been caused by factors such as the expansion of the middle class and low levels of financial-market development.4 While rising purchasing power makes housing increasingly affordable for the middle classes, a lack of opportunities for financial investment is also leading to additional demand for housing units for investment purposes by wealthy individuals. Technological progress tends to favour capital over labour and skilled labour over unskilled labour, which can exacerbate differences in rates of economic growth among countries and within them.7 Advances in information and communication technology, along with the emergence of social media and information and communication technologies (ICT), for example, have spawned a new cadre of billionaires across developed countries and emerging economies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In the IOTWS, Australia, India and Indonesia are responsible for issuing tsunami bulletins to member States. There are also region-wide communication tests twice a year, and full-scale regional exercises every two to three years. Along with the development of the IOTWS, 24 countries around the Indian Ocean have established national tsunami warning centres.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
These projects have been completed or are at various stages of development. The key program which the IAU implements is the Indigenous Aquaculture Strategy to deliver important outcomes sought by Indigenous participants through projects that are socially, environmentally and economically sustainable. As part of the biennial Australasian Aquaculture Conference and Trade Show (3-6 August 2008), the IAU held a half-day workshop to discuss the current and future operating environment within the Indigenous aquaculture sector and funded the participation of eight people from around Australia. However, the value of Australian seafood production only dropped by 1% compared to 2004/05 to AUD 2.19 billion in 2006/07.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
China is the clearest example, where extreme poverty (the proportion of those living under USD 1.25 a day in purchasing power parity) decreased from 60.73% of the population in 1990 to 6.3% in 2013 (World Bank, 2015). Extreme poverty was only 0.31% in Thailand and 3.93% in Viet Nam in 2010. In comparison, in Tanzania it declined from 72% to 43.5% from 1990 to 2010, while in Cote d’Ivoire it actually rose from 13.76% to 35% over the same period. The success of the Asian countries in reducing poverty compared to those in sub-Saharan Africa can be attributed to a variety of factors, including governance capacity, infrastructure investment, and early health and education policies that enabled demographic transitions and structural transformations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Smoking will still be allowed in bars and restaurants but in specially equipped rooms with an implementation lag of two years to allow installation. There are few restrictions on where cigarettes can be purchased. Shops will now need to obtain a license to sell tobacco products which can be withdrawn if tobacco is sold to minors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Data refer to 2014 for Germany, 2011 for Australia, Austria, Germany, Portugal, Sweden, 2009 for Denmark, Hungary and Netherlands, 2007 for Estonia. The services offered vary widely across the Ldnder, which are in charge of education, and Kommunen, which are responsible for OSH care. Any school offering education and care, including lunch, on at least three days of the week for at least seven hours is considered an all-day school (Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2015a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Reducing losses, using more efficient technologies and recycling are all part of the solution, but applying the user pays principle to all types of users and an integrated approach to the management of freshwater resources by river basin are essential elements of sustainable management and hence of green growth policies. Social aspects, such as the affordability of the water bill for low income households also need to be taken into account. Agenda 21 (UNCED, Rio de Janeiro, 1992) explicitly considered the protection and preservation of freshwater resources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Lack of co-ordination between ministries, and between implementing agents and ministries. Drawing on the analysis from the UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Guide on Aid for Trade, Page (2011) notes that there is still substantial scope for focusing on neglected areas. In the realm of market information, there is currently very little information for recipients on importing into donors’ own markets, including meeting the administrative requirements of donors’ own preference schemes or trading arrangements as well as meeting standards for non-agricultural trade.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Also, there is much room for improvement in the capacity to manage such funds effectively in the fight against HIV/AIDS. In July 2005, UNAIDS published and disseminated Guidelines on Construction of Core Indicators to aid in reporting on the progress made from intervention activities. The average range and number of indicators reported compared well with other world regions, as can be seen from Figure 4.1.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The indicators in the Nature Index of Norway are particularly sensitive to the influence of climate on harvesting of marine ecosystems (Framstad, 2015). According to this index, there have been no major changes nor but a slight improvements in the biodiversity of the coastal zone of Mid-Norway during the last 25 years (Fig. The slightly improved condition towards 2010 is due to improved phytoplankton biomass and numbers of harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), while the weak decline since 2010 is due to a small decline in the stocks of Atlantic herring, sand eel (Ammodytes ssp.)
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This book chapter evaluates New Zealand labour and employment law and policy in the context of Articles 6, 7 and 8 of the International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966 as supplemented by relevant ILO Conventions. A number of problems are identified. These include that fact that some groups in New Zealand find it difficult to exercise their right to work and also that some groups are disadvantaged at work (including women and temporary and agency hire workers). Some questions are raised with regards to prison labour as it appears that New Zealand is not fully in compliance with its international human rights commitments in this area. Finally, it is noted that two fundamental ILO Conventions (i.e. Convention 138 Minimum Age of Employment and Convention 87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise) remain regrettably unratified by New Zealand.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Bolsa Famflia’s conditional cash transfers have proved to be fundamental in achieving the poverty reduction observed over recent years. The paradigm shift it implied required an unusual measure of courage and political will. Although Brazil’s Constitution had already included poverty eradication among its basic fundamentals, the tendency to blame the poor for being poor was still deeply rooted in society, generating strong opposition to the programme in its first few years. To give help where it was needed, the federal government had to improve the structure of its social assistance networks and those of the municipalities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
They found that vertical co-ordination is usually addressed earlier in federal political systems than in unitary systems, but that this difference fades as national adaptation strategies are developed. These sub-national activities have been reliant on either sufficiently large internal financial resources, or on the ability to draw on external resources and information — for example, through climate change networks. While there is general agreement over many of the broad principles for efficient adaptation, there are a range of views about how those principles should be put into practice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Central government spending for this form of support amounts to between 0.6 and 1.8% of GDP in reporting countries. Eligibility conditions and payment rates vary, but these allowances are mostly reserved for lower income and vulnerable households. In all reporting countries housing allowances are granted to private market tenants but they are often also granted to social housing tenants and owner-occupants.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
A third of the 15 BDS organisations offering entrepreneurship training report that up to 75% of their beneficiaries are women, but another third estimate that women make up less than 30% or fewer of these trainees (Figure 2.1.). On the other hand, a majority of the organisations offering management consultancy services estimate that fewer than 20% of their clients are women. Similarly, in about 40% of BDS organisations, women represent less than 20% of clients receiving advisory/counseling services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In 1994, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean approved the Regional Programme of Action for the Women of Latin America and the Caribbean (1995-2001), whose guidelines remain in force thanks to a decision approved at the eighth Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean (Lima, 2000) and the ninth Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean (Mexico City, 2004) (ECLAC, 2004). The region’s commitment to the goals laid down for equitable participation by women in economic activities has been consolidated in the light of these programmes and platforms for action. Thus, each country has amended its legal framework and created institutions oriented towards the development and promotion of gender equity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This article studies the role of the blind movement in the legislative achievements regarding the disabled people, and in the formation of blind identities and broader perceptions of disability in post-dictatorial Greece. By highlighting the institutional impact of the 1976 occupation of the Home of the Blind, this paper shows how a grassroots movement contributed to democratization, and it challenges the dichotomy between institutional and societal accounts of democratic transitions, thus touching upon themes, such as citizenship and empowerment. In doing so, this article seeks to explain the paradigm shift from charity to welfare with respect to disability as part of the broader dynamics of social transformation in Greece in the 1970s and early 1980s.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The fire brigade is designated as the first responder in case of accident. The fire brigade and hospital staff receive special training to help in dealing with the consequences of chemical accidents. Regional Councils for Risk Management and municipalities also prepare contingency plans, based on information provided by companies, and receive assistance from CARs for their implementation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The aim has been to price emissions, stimulate the development and deployment of clean energy and improve energy efficiency. Policies to promote efficient adaptation to the uncertain impacts of climate change are underdeveloped. The United Kingdom has recognised the importance of international collaboration on mitigation and adaptation, given the global nature of the climate-change problem (Box 1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The ‘geographies of disability’ is an important and evolving area of scholarship within human geography. Uniting the disparate areas of inquiry in this sub‐discipline are researchers’ shared interests in understanding processes of disablement and socio‐spatial experiences of disability. What drives human geographers to engage with this scholarship? We address this and other introspective questions through presenting an analysis of the findings of an online survey conducted with 30 such disability researchers. The overriding purpose is to understand how and why these researchers do what they do. Our presentation of the survey findings is divided into four organizational categories: (1) the researcher, (2) the inquiry, (3) the research outputs, and (4) the institutions. A key finding is that conducting disability research in human geography is very much about negotiating around or through constraints while identifying and enacting enablers in order to accomplish goals associated with producing disability re...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
To a large extent, the same actors should be involved, and structures or tools built to facilitate assessment activities could also be useful in the implementation stage. This potential should be realised as far as possible. It will therefore be necessary to carefully assess capacity-building needs, and promote and facilitate capacity-building activities that address those needs, for example to assess needs to improve access to data, information and knowledge that could help underpin assessment processes, and for increased experience in developing and using tools, such as scenarios and indicators.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The system can also be used to detect faults, allowing for quicker repair and cutting down on the need for manual equipment inspections. Maersk's end goal now is to use big data analytics for predictive maintenance to prevent faults. Before RCM, all containers would go through extensive and costly inspections. The use of smart sensors makes it possible to know the condition of the reefer precisely, and helps to determine the type of inspection required prior to release for export.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
For example, there are only a small number of studies that look at whether the effect of unemployment on health outcomes is different in countries with strong social protection versus those with weaker schemes. There is also a need for more evidence on the longterm effects of unemployment on health outcomes, particularly when unemployment persists over longer periods of time. This particularly true in the case of the most recent economic downturn as health care system’s capacity to cope with changing health care needs may be affected by the resource constraints that have been imposed in a large number of countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)