albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Adolescents are able to critically address the gender roles and expectations they are exposed to and can benefit from learning new roles and expectations as they transition into adulthood. Adolescence is seen as a 'second window of opportunity' to build on earlier investments or to change behaviour and provides new opportunities for those who have not fared well in childhood. Numerous efforts are being made to transform gender norms, or rules that socially regulate gender roles and expectations, and these can work alongside policies and programmes that enable women and girls to gain the necessary knowledge and skills to improve their health, economic or social status.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Improving access to stable and adequate sources of finance for adaptation and contributing to the building of the information systems needed to guide policymaking for climate resilience are two concrete actions where greater international cooperation is needed. Public domestic and international efforts are needed to mobilize sufficient resources and provide incentives to the private sector to invest in adaptation. This is especially important for building the resilience and adaptive capacity of the most marginalized areas and population groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
However, with rising demands for cheap labour (particularly domestic work) in destination countries (e.g., the Persian Gulf), continued inadequacy of rural employment opportunities and changing aspirations, women are increasingly migrating independently. Pourakhi, an organization established by women returnees in 2003, has collected over 1,700 case studies on returnee women migrant workers in Nepal. This paper delves into 307 of these, collected between July 2015 and June 2016. Following the focus group discussion, five in-depth interviews were conducted to further consolidate the data.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Sustainable transport decisions must be scaled up and expanded so that cities do not get locked into infrastructure that pollutes, generates economic loss, limits opportunities and endangers lives. Recognizing how unsustainable transport affects urbanization, some cities are now investing heavily in mass transit and acting to limit car sales and usage. These meeting have brought together various stakeholders including national statistical offices, national and local governments, transport authorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Countries have already done a lot to raise youth skills and employability. This chapter offers an overview of the whole report, and discusses how countries can continue with reforms by adopting a consistent and comprehensive strategy and engaging all stakeholders. Youth unemployment rates reached high levels at the height of the crisis and since then, have barely changed (Figure 1.1, Ranel A).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The coffee is sold to Alter Trade Timor, a marketing social enterprise chat aims to ensure that the producers obtain a fair price for their coffee, as well as investing in training to help co-operative members improve yields, raise quality and consistency and develop more sustainable incomes. Alter Trade Timor sells the coffee onward to Tradewinds, a not-for-profit fair-trade organization that aims to export high-quality products to consumers in Australia “who in good conscience know that the coffee they drink has benefited the producers. For example, ILO initiatives have revolved around identifying and supporting the establishment of social businesses that could help reduce poverty in rural areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Infrastructure investment is also a key theme in global fora such as the G20, where policy work increasingly focuses on quality infrastructure to support inclusive growth. Transportation, energy, and information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures are essential services which, when built to be resilient and consistent with a low-carbon transition, can contribute to growth and development in a sustainable way. Game-changing approaches are needed to reimagine how this transition could be accomplished, at low-cost and in an equitable way. Firstly, the technology can unlock new sources of financing and mobilise existing pledges through establishing new financing platforms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Nonetheless, data are available for seven of the countries analysed in this chapter at some point over the past decade (the only exception is India, where the latest available survey is from 1998). The picture that emerges is very consistent across all of the countries analysed. Men typically spend between 60% and 70% less time than women doing unpaid work. In India, they only spend half an hour on unpaid work for every five hours spent by women.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These two high-level documents provide a lens through which to understand, but not necessarily to fully assess, the complexity of intergovernmental relations in the Gauteng city-region, for which primary research is necessary. These policies stem from the admission that despite gains in access to public services and quality of life, additional reforms are required to optimise performance. Quality and service standards have not always improved, despite massive increases in successive budgets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which was adopted by the United Nations in September 2015, recognizes the immense potential of ICTs to "accelerate human progress" and specifically refers to the need to "significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet." ( United Nations, 2015a). This chapter presents the latest ICT price data collected by ITU and analyses the price and affordability of three key ICT services (mobile-cellular, fixed-broadband and mobile-broadband), benchmarking countries and regions, and highlighting key trends over time. Fixed-broadband services recorded the largest price drop of all ICT services analysed in this chapter from 2008 to 2017, while fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants doubled worldwide (Chart 4.1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Training in water use management can be invaluable for water demand management. Green economy implementation provides an opportunity to refocus development priorities on water. During the interview process, a water expert remarked, ‘in future we cannot live without the green economy, hence we must think green in everything we do -starting from water management’. It is recognised that the national water infrastructure is archaic and needs upgrading. The infusion of appropriate technologies including information and communications technologies into the water sector is highly recommended.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In studying the learning young people do during hunting, she found it possible "to rethink education from within a different social context than the institutionalized and state-based one, namely the social context of hunting. The activity of hunting and/or land-based practices organizes individuals relative to hunting as a culturally specific way of living and of being in the world. To view hunting as a way of being in the world brings out more profound perspectives than viewing hunting as in informal or traditional technique."
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Figure 1.6 provides a summary of examples of such policies that can be considered as part of the reform plan. The EaP countries have already accumulated a wealth of experience reforming their energy subsidies that can help them move further along this challenging, but unavoidable path. The macroeconomic situation as well as existing policy frameworks (energy pricing policy, taxation policy, climate-related policies) will directly impact the pace and amplitude of the reform.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
With the victory over the Taliban and Al Qaeda in Afghanistan, it is time to give some thought to possible future challenges to international law and institutions posed by the "war on terrorism." Since any effort at "futurism" necessarily involves an analysis of present trends, this paper attempts to identify the most salient trends in international terrorism and their impact on efforts to combat terrorism. Next it turns to two kinds of responses that have been employed in combating terrorism: the so-called antiterrorism conventions, at both the global and the regional levels, and the use of coercive measures, i.e., economic sanctions and the use of armed force. As to these measures, there is an effort to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses, especially in light of current trends, and to set forth some tentative proposals for improvement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The Magneton track provides for dual cooperation between academic groups and industrial company. The aim is to transfer technologies resulting from academic research. Grants are up to USD 800 000. A kibbutz (plural kibbutzim) is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. Today, farming has been partly surpassed by industrial plants and high-tech enterprises.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
At each step, a specific part of the RG methodology is applied alongside its technical component. For a description of the steps to be carried out by the technical analysts, please refer to the publications ECE (2015) and de Strasser and others (2016). While the technical experts analyse the natural resources, the governance assessment defines the institutional framework. This is done by mapping the key actors at different scales, their relations with one another, and any existing conflicts between sectoral policy objectives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In this context, a GPI value of less than 1 shows that the indicator for boys is higher than the indicator for girls, and vice versa for a GPI value of more than 1. A GPI value of between 0.97 and 1.03 is generally considered to reflect gender parity. It should be noted that the period covered in terms of growth differs from country to country depending upon the data available. Between 2000 and 2013, the number of outbound internationally mobile students from Asia and the Pacific enrolled in tertiary educational institutions outside of their home country increased from 644 thousand 1.7 million students in 2013, an increase of 1.0 million students.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In Panama, on the other hand, this is conditional, since a pregnant woman can be dismissed, but only for just cause and with prior judicial authorization. There are also many regulations on the right to pre-natal and post-natal rest, for example, in Chile (six and 12 weeks respectively), the Dominican Republic (six weeks in both cases) and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (six and 20 weeks), among others. This objective is achieved in Brazil through public institutions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
High food and fuel prices are likely to persist. The recent crises may affect human development in different ways: by halting or even reversing the poverty trends, worsening food security, reducing the utilization of education and health services and by depleting the productive assets of the poor (World Bank 2008). Reduction in the use of education and health services and the depletion of assets by the poor will have long-lasting effects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This is where the market failures signalled above have to be overcome, and public policies are required. From that perspective, the water industry landscape in Korea is contrasted. On the one hand, the knowledge base and technology frontier are well advanced, compared to most OECD countries. Korea is a leading country when it comes to ICT. It has also been able to develop and export water-related goods. The domestic market is limited by the size of the country and population.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The aim and effect of transnational terrorism today - stemming from both Islamic revivalism and ethno-nationalist resurgence - are to fragment social consensus by forcing people into opposing camps, with no room for innocents. Governments and peoples wrestle with why this is happening and what to do. At issue here: Can social science, specifically psychology, be helpful? A partial answer focuses on recent contributions from behavioral and brain studies into how 'devoted actors', committed to non-negotiable 'sacred values' and the groups those values are embedded in, resort to extreme violence and resist rational-actor approaches to conflict resolution when opposing values are involved. Alternatives approaches emphasize reckoning with sacred values rather than disregarding them, and social counter-engagement instead of reliance on socially disembodied counter-narratives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Social time preference reflecting wider benefits and society’s desire to protect the interests of future generations. Some mixture of these concepts. Both the borrowing rate (or dividend or composite rate) and the opportunity cost rate are likely to be higher for investments perceived to have uncertain outcomes. In analytical terms, it can be convenient to distinguish the concept of time preference from that of risk.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Overall, at national level, the authorities estimate that reaching the level of treatment which meets discharge standards will require levels of investment of some MXN114 billion (USD 9.5 billion). In addition, the municipalities of Chihuahua and Juarez have been active in recycling water for green areas’ irrigation and industrial use. This map is for illustrative purposes and is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory covered by this map.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It is evident that national, regional and education institution strategies have a huge impact on the development of the above mentioned areas. First of all there is a strong awareness of the present challenges, there is also great potential on each of the seven islands and the islands are filled with resourceful people. We also know that the number of new entrepreneurs can be influenced by regional and national initiatives and that entrepreneurs are very immobile "people"28 - this is good news when trying to find a way to retain young people on the islands. There is evidence to support that a focus on entrepreneurship in the education system has a great effect on young people's entrepreneurial competences.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Others are diagnosed too late to prevent the dramatic impact of the disease on the eyes, kidneys, nerves and circulation. In Tonga, for example, traditional low-fat sources of protein, such as fish, cost between 15 per cent and 50 per cent more than either lamb flaps or imported chicken parts. The local taro plant costs more than imported starches such as bread and rice. Thus, "not only are the health consequences of these imported foods detrimental, but the availability of these cheap imports is also constraining the development of domestic markets". In the Pacific, diabetes is present in 44 per cent of the Torres Strait Islanders of Australia, 28 per cent of the residents of the Kingdom of Tonga and 22 per cent of the residents of Nauru.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
There are some projects promoting low-carbon holidays that specifically promote sustainability. There are also projects and services promoting the ethical aspects of sustainability with regards to travel and accommodation in the destination country. Projects found for this study tend to offer “local luxury” and agrarian experiences.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
It then analyses the potential of financial inclusion as a development tool, along with the mechanisms through which the capacities of small-scale rural producers can be enhanced to attain the Sustainable Development Goals. The chapter concludes with a summary of the main findings and an analysis of the best practices identified from them. The remaining chapters summarize the key findings of case studies on the institutional architecture available to foster financial inclusion in Costa Rica (Vasquez Rivera and others, 2017), El Salvador (Argumedo, 2017), Honduras (Valenzuela and Cruz, 2017), the Dominican Republic (Reyes Luna, 2017) and Mexico (Campos, 2017). This is why the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (United Nations, 2015) stresses the urgent need to provide small-scale rural producers with the means to overcome the barriers that restrict their access to productive resources, specialized inputs, knowledge, financing and markets (IFAD, 2016a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In addition, different ways of regulating production and organizing labour must be found in order to provide equitable working conditions for women and men and make productive activities compatible with their rights and duties as caregivers (ECLAC, 2007, pp. The drive to create effective conditions of equal opportunities for women did not initially focus enough on the sexual division of labour within the home. The failure to recognize the social responsibility of care resulted in unequal gender relationships in terms of the social identity of caregivers, which is why use of the term dates back to the conceptualization of the status of women (Daly and Lewis, 2000). The point is to ensure not just that care is more readily available —which in itself is essential— but also that the responsibility, the duty, the task and the necessary resources for the purpose are universal, and that people are recognized as holders of this right, which must be satisfied, among other options, with support from the social security systems of each State and from employers (Pautassi, 2007).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Finally, in all scenarios with an 80% share of renewables, open cycle gas turbines are no longer part of the optimal portfolios as the large pump storage capacity can supply all the fast flexibility needed by the system. However, with increasing penetration of wind and solar plants, the curtailment of variable power plants becomes significant. For instance, with a 35% and 50% share of renewables, the curtailment of electricity generation from wind and PV power plants is negligible and amounts to maximal 0.4% of the possible annual electricity generation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Since the early 2000s, states and international organisations have intensified their efforts against terrorism, in particular to combat the financing of terrorism. The use of so-called smart sanctions has been a core element of this large-scale strategy. One question that had seldom been raised until very recently was that relating to the application of such sanctions to entities that are supposedly involved in an armed conflict against a State. The aim of this chapter is to address this question from a general international law perspective. The EU practice and case law is used as a starting point in order to assess whether the application of restrictive measures conflicts with the rights and privileges conferred by international humanitarian law (IHL) to the parties to an armed conflict, and in particular to the non-State party to that conflict.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Thereafter, new targets or re-organisation takes place (including consideration of the creation of new programmes). The programme has to be updated when the new administration begins. Generally, policy instruments are designed with the intent of diverting waste from landfills and creating more jobs in processing plants through commercial activities related to the recycling and reuse of materials and the or caloric waste treatment).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
To reduce the time required for the survey, respondents are assessed in only one or two of the three domains, not in all of them. Respondents with very low literacy skills take an alternative assessment of basic reading skills. The survey is given in the official language or languages of each participating country, sometimes also including a widely-spoken minority or regional language. Sample sizes depend on the number of cognitive domains assessed, the number of languages used, and decisions by countries about whether to increase the sample sizes to allow more precise estimates for individual geographic regions or population subgroups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The intersection approach is at the opposite side of spectrum, identifying people as deprived only if they are deprived in all specified dimensions or indicators. The intermediate method, as the name suggests, is a middle way, classifying one as deprived if the number of deprivations a person experiences is equal or above a pre-determined cut-off point. They use the union approach since they selected the variables as to measure any circumstance that is ‘highly likely to have serious adverse consequences for the health, wellbeing and development of children'. They identify children as living in absolute poverty if they suffer from two or more severe deprivations of basic human need (Gordon et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This indicator provides information regarding how efficiently people are being transported and is a common metric for measuring the efficiency for mobility systems. Some research also indicates that the efficiency of shared mobility services at optimising the movement of users while minimising that of vehicles is greater than previous point-to-point, on-demand mobility services (i.e. taxis). The capacity utilisation rate of UberX vehicles, for example, has been found to be an average of 38% greater than traditional point-to-point services in two large North American cities (Cramer and Kreuger, 2016). Preliminary indications also suggest that capacity utilisation in shared mobility networks is markedly higher in dense urban areas, indicating that higher density (of supply and demand) is correlated with higher efficiency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The seasonal rainfall pattern has changed, with gradually increasing winter precipitation but decreasing summer rain. In summer, the frequency of gentle and continuous rainfall covering large areas has decreased, and heavy and pouring rainfall covering small areas often occurs. Dryness has increased by 3-10 per cent in the deserts and by 10-15 per cent in the forest steppe and high mountain zones, due to a sharp increase in temperature and decrease in rainfall during the warm season.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
If the marriage contract is legally void, she shall continue to hold the Yemeni nationality (Article 10).7 This provision, however, does not apply to a man marrying a foreign woman. The loss of nationality or obtainment of a certificate of abandonment can, in certain cases, render the Yemeni woman stateless. Other MENA countries could withdraw their reservations to the CEDAW Convention and reform their nationality laws to establish genuine equality between men and women in this field (Table 7.5). Although, as the examples in this chapter have shown, a number of Arab countries have already legally established full equality between a mother and a father in their ability to transfer their nationality to their children, or between men and women to their spouse, many others have not and may consider amending the current legislation to address these gaps.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)