albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Over the longer term e-records in primary care could also usefully include information on pathologies and care to improve evaluations, including those regarding practices. Training for public and independent experts would also be needed, notably in using data, as the exploitation of administrative data for evaluation has been limited to date (Cour des comptes, 2016c). Moreover, the national health authority (HAS), which develops medical guidelines, focuses on clinical trials and developing ex post evaluations of treatment strategies, and additional data analyses could help adapt its recommendations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Competitiveness concerns and possible leakage of tax impacts can be reduced if environmental taxes are introduced at similar levels in neighbouring countries. A platform focussing on cooperation related to environmental taxation could facilitate exchange of experiences and information between countries and support steps towards harmonization of specific environmental tax rates and environmental taxes most likely to result in cross-border smuggling, such as fuel taxes. These policy processes offer Governments the chance to collaborate on the development of carbon taxes and fossil fuel subsidy reform, agree timelines, and exchange and learn from each other's experiences.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Research in Ireland found that entrepreneurs from ethnic minority groups have difficulties in building business networks and have low levels of management skills (Cooney and Flynn, 2008). Poor language skills and belonging to a racial or ethnic minority may be additional constraints to obtaining capital in traditional credit markets (Oliveira and Rath, 2008). The distribution of capacities to participate in innovation activities across firms, sectors and regions may be the most important of these features.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Even when countries are eager to transfer practices and arrangements used elsewhere, they may lack the means to do so effectively. This is because countries’ history, institutional cultures and dynamics, patterns of relations and trust in networks and communities, among others, provide specific contexts that it is impossible, and often undesirable, to reproduce elsewhere. Yet, these contextual factors often explain the success or lack thereof of policy interventions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In constructing the data at the industry level the structure of inputs in each industry is taken into account. Foreign value incorporated in gross exports is used to weight the tariffs by partner and origin sector when it comes to backward participation. The database covers all RTAs in force until 2012. As for tariffs, we follow the treatment procedures used in Achard and al. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Mini-grids capable of sustaining semi-industrial and industrial activity at a lower cost have high upfront costs, and uncertainties arising from inadequate policy frameworks are an important constraint to private investors’ access to commercial finance (ESMAP, 2017, IRENA, 2016b, Berthdlemy and Bdguerie, 2016, Beguerie and Palliere, 2016, GMG MDP, 2017). The African LDCs and Haiti as a group have the highest proportion of countries with a dedicated sector regulator. Where there are regulatory bodies, their powers may be limited or shared with a supervisory ministry.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
For example, the census conducted in 2002 revealed that 10 groups of indigenous peoples decreased in numbers and the census conducted in 2010 showed that 24 groups of peoples decreased in numbers. ! The Soviet Union collected information about indigenous peoples, and this information could be accessed for professional or academic purposes. Available statistics demonstrated positive dynamics in indigenous peoples' health. However, the restructuring of the health care system in the 1990s, as well as the abolition of ethnic identity in the Russian passport in 1997, led to the gradual end of the centralized collection and systematization of statistical information on indigenous peoples of the North.51 Countrywide reports by international organizations such as WHO,and the OECD do not pay specific information on indigenous peoples.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
As first pointed out by Voitchovsky (2005), most of the mechanisms predicting a negative effect of income inequality on growth emphasize the role of income disparities at the bottom end of the distribution. Further, only 18 OECD countries are included in this dataset (see Atkinson et al., As a result, it is not possible to extend the analysis to consider the role of top inequality based, for example, on top 1 per cent pre-income shares.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Hence, teachers and administrative leadership need to be supported in implementing strategies to promote inclusive learning and in learning how such strategies can be designed in ways that benefit all students. Policies aimed at fostering inclusivity need imbedded flexibility. While the National Agency for Education offers online learning modules to support teachers and other staff in inclusive education, these modules might not reach all teachers and schools.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Thus, having a chronic diseases diagnosed a few years ago, if well controlled and treated, may not definitely imply negative labour market outcomes. A further possible explanation is that people with chronic diseases are more likely to be union members, that could prevent from involuntary labour-force exit and reduced wages (Pelkowski et al. Other possible reasons for diverging findings may come from limitations of the data and methods used in the study (e.g. design of the study, estimation error). First, comparability of results is limited due to the use of different national surveys with differences in survey methodology, sampling, and questionnaires.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The classification is mapped to the PSE classification. In all five countries, efforts to integrate smallholders into markets and to improve productivity tend to focus on input subsidies, from concessional credit to on-farm training. However, there are other policies in place, for instance Brazil and Indonesia have mechanisms of fixing prices and making agricultural output purchases from small-scale agriculture.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Congestion also exacerbates noise pollution, air pollution and the emission of greenhouse gases by vehicles. Social impacts include increased stress and road safety problems (OECD/ECMT, 2007). This was compared with a counterfactual average trip duration if average motorised transport speeds were 30 km/h and average trips were of the same length.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This paper develops a political economy approach to explaining the role of business in international environmental governance. The framework bridges micro and macro-levels of analysis and combines theories of International Relations with perspectives from management and organization. The uneven and fragmented nature of international governance is viewed as the outcome of a process of bargaining, compromise, and alliance formation among a range of state and non-state actors. Negotiated regimes are constitutive of the broader structures of global governance, but are also constrained and shaped by these wider configurations of power. We apply Gramscian concepts to understand processes of contestation and accommodation, and to locate corporate political strategy within the wider system of states, civil society, and international institutions. The Gramscian approach suggests the dominant yet contingent position of business, and points to a strategic concept of power that highlights the dynamic and somewhat indeterminate path of regime evolution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The global financial crisis adversely affected almost all the Caribbean small states. The regional average growth rate decelerated to 2.4 per cent in this period from the 3.9 percent registered in the first half of the decade. This performance closely mirrors the pattern in the USA - The Bahamas’s biggest tourism export partner.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The Teachers Matter report, for example, summarises findings from French and Australian surveys, and the opinions of several national experts participating in country reviews, to conclude that extrinsic factors (such as job stability, pay or working hours) are of secondary importance for those who chose a career in teaching and remained in the career (OECD, 2005, pp. In 2013-14, TALIS asked teachers to report whether they agreed with the statement "I think that the teaching profession is valued in society". In Malaysia, about 84% of lower secondary teachers reported that the teaching profession is valued in society, whereas only 4% of lower secondary teachers in the Slovak Republic so reported (seeTable 2.16). Teachers' salaries are measured as the ratio of annual statutory salaries in lower secondary public institutions after 15 years of experience to per capita CDP (OECD, 2016, Table II.6.54b]).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Moreover, occupant protection can be enhanced by the further development of seat belts and airbags, e.g. through force-limiting features which control the maximum restraining force exerted by the shoulder belt. Other technological advances that are likely to be relevant for older occupants are: Intelligent restraint systems that adjust for lighter, older occupants, dual-stage airbags to minimise airbag impact in moderate crashes, head restraints to minimise soft tissue injury and whiplash injuries to the neck, side airbags to protect head and chest in side collisions, such as crashes when turning left (in right-hand traffic) or right (in left-hand traffic, DfT, 2009). The concept targets older people in Salzburg (60 to 100 years old) who represent approximately 33% of the city’s bus users.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Similarly, unexpected events and various types of uncertainties, family members’ health shocks, a lack of education, and little or no ownership of productive assets, especially land, are important in the intergenerational transmission of poverty. In addition, inadequate asset endowments, both physical and human, limit households’ access to opportunities, financial markets and credit, basic services, and social networks that create persistent effects on poverty and hunger. Social and other forms of exclusion also make it extremely difficult for the poorest and the hungriest to escape deprivations. The focus has been on the poorest and the hungriest.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This chapter examines the evolution of the idea of UN peacekeeping, asking how an instrument developed in the late 1940s managed to not only survive but also respond to the changing geopolitical and conflict landscape over the last seventy years. Through an overview of major doctrinal developments and institutional adaptations, the chapter analyses how the peacekeeping tool was adapted from a bipolar world, via a unipolar one to today’s multipolar world. Peter argues that peacekeeping started as a conflict management instrument, which was adapted to a conflict resolution mechanism after the end of the Cold War, but has now come full circle and is again increasingly used to manage and contain, not resolve conflicts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Minimum contribution requirements of one year in China and Chile are also likely to exclude many job losers from unemployment benefits. The short maximum duration of UI limits overall coverage in Brazil and Chile (e.g. up to five months). It shows that benefit-recipiency rates are much lower in emerging economies than in advanced economies. The low level of coverage in emerging economies greatly limits the ability of UI systems to prevent unemployment-related poverty and increases the importance of informal coping mechanisms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Components of the program will include “pollution control in poor densely populated areas, environmentally sustainable development in poor urban areas, cleaner production in industry, sustainable livelihoods in and around marine protected areas, and capacity development support for environmental planning and management. The broad aim of these programs is poverty alleviation through approaches that build local capacity to develop permanent solutions using approaches that are environmentally sustainable. The Netherlands has financed a range of projects aimed at promoting pollution prevention and reducing toxic chemical exposures in partner countries. Projects are designed to provide broad support to entire sectors, and often address a need shared by a number of developing countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Figure 5.6 illustrates how the six above-mentioned scenarios fall along a spectrum, ranging from positive to negative growth outcomes. The (dark blue) colour indicates the desirable scenarios, the (light blue) may be considered second best options, and (white) indicates the non-desirable scenarios. Although it is important to understand the extent to which growth occurs in sectors specifically aimed at promoting environmental protection or resource-conservation services or technology, these sectors generally represent a relatively small subset of the larger service and manufacturing economy in a region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
On the production side (industry, commerce and agriculture), significant changes are expected as the economy grows nearly eightfold. This implies a massive expansion of the commercial/services sector (by a factor of six), a significant expansion of manufacturing activity, and more limited growth of activity in agriculture. However, water needs to be pumped from increasing depth and this is the main source of electricity demand in agriculture. Sources: IEA, 2009b, IEA, 2010a, IEA, 2009c.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The biggest impact was recorded in Lapland, where for instance the impact for Pallas-Yllastunturi national park was estimated to EUR 36.5 million. On average the return of EUR 1 to the Finnish economy invested by Parks & Wildlife Finland in the hiking services is EUR 10. For protected areas close to ski-resorts the input-output ratio is even higher, i.e. EUR 14. In addition, the statistics can be used when making comparisons both within and between the regions in Finland.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In this paper, we look at Maria Teresa Horta’s (2011) novel,  Leonor’s Enlightenment , from an unusual perspective, the rhetoric of sensibility, as it was conceived during the period of Leonor de Almeida’s life (1750-1834), i.e., as a form of persuasion built upon the “Physiology of Taste”, where the description of sensations makes part of a strategy to achieve the sublime and its rhetorical function. Knowing that Maria Teresa Horta didn’t have the intention to write a biography, or even a popular historical novel about Leonor de Almeida, it is quite interesting to note that this approach to some philosophical concepts from the 18th century (mainly those of Sensibility, Soul or Sympathy) may be a way to give form to a certain aesthetic of modernity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Provinces and territories provide minority-language education where there is a sufficient number of qualifying students (French or English depending on the jurisdiction). In PISA 2012, students in majority-language schools outperformed their peers in minority-language schools in at least one test topic in six of the seven Canadian provinces with sufficiently large minority-language populations (Measuring Up: Canadian Results of the OECD PISA Study). Native-born students and students with an immigrant background in Canada showed no significant difference in mathematics performance in PISA 2012. Among Aboriginal people aged 25 to 64, 28.9% had no certificate, diploma or degree, compared to 12.1% for non-Aboriginal people in the same age group.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In 2015, to assess students' preparedness for this, PISA carried out the world's first international assessment of collaborative problem-solving skills, defined as the capacity of students to solve problems by pooling their knowledge, skills and efforts with others. The same holds across countries: top-performing countries in PISA (such as Japan, Korea and Singapore in Asia, Estonia and Finland in Europe, and Canada in North America) also come out on top in the PISA assessment of collaborative problem solving. There are countries where students do much better in collaborative problem solving than one would predict from their performance in the PISA science, reading and mathematics assessments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In contrast with the MADB that essentially acts as a channel for government funds and subsidies, the MOLFB is independent. In 2009-10, the MADB disbursed USD 106.2 million of loans, nearly 10 times the 1995 level (Table 9.13). In 2011-12, as of February 2012, loans reached USD 407.5 million (MOAI, 2012b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Individuals need a multiplicity of skills to achieve diverse life goals. These skills are general in nature and relevant for all kinds of occupations, considered necessary to provide a foundation for effective and successful participation in the social and economic life of advanced economies. The OECD has developed two major data instruments to assess these skills: the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) assessing 15-year-olds in literacy, numeracy and science, and the Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) assessing adults aged 16-65 in literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environments, also called "information-processing skills". They are based on recognised taxonomies in personality psychology, particularly the "Big Five" factors (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness). So far, no comprehensive measures exist, but conceptual work is being carried out to evaluate the potential of developing measurement instruments in the future (OECD, 2015c).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The lesson from this experience is that family law and property law need to be in harmony for there to be effective protection. Similarly, Namibia’s National Gender Policy 2010-2020 provides for removing all components that discriminate against women, to bring customary laws in line with the Namibian Constitution. In India, the National Policy for the Empowerment of Women of 2001 encourages changes in personal laws such as those related to marriage, divorce and maintenance so as to eliminate discrimination against women.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Recent years have seen growing calls to govern land resources as global environmental commons, delivering benefits to all of humanity in support of the Sustainable Development Goals. Applying this call to drylands – almost half of the world’s land – allows responses that are better tailored to dryland attributes. Four key elements for global drylands governance emerge from linking an understanding of drylands attributes with recent global governance scholarship: the need for a polycentric system with nested goal setting, transparent monitoring and graduated sanctions. These elements require nuanced application in drylands, with an emphasis on empowering the local. We describe how the present global governance architecture for drylands – the UN Convention to Combat Desertification – provides a partial scaffolding, but falls short in specific areas that deserve attention.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Sweden initiated the National Council for Suicide Prevention in 1993, making it one of the first countries worldwide to establish a comprehensive national strategy for suicide prevention. In 1994, a parliamentary decision led to the creation of a National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP). This network coordinates cooperation between involved actors - including health care providers, social services, schools, churches and NGOs - and aims to facilitate suicide prevention efforts and integrate national public health work on a local level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Background:Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential cure for a range of life-threatening diseases, but is also associated with a high mortality rate. Nurses encounter a variety of situations wherein they are faced with discussing bad news with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.Research objective: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and strategies used by Iranian nurses related to truth-telling and communicating bad news to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.Research design:A qualitative approach using content analysis of interview data was conducted.Participants and research context: A total of 18 nurses from the main hematopoietic stem cell transplantation center in Iran participated in semi-structured interviews.Ethical considerations:The Institutional Review Board of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and the Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences appro...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Some of these external effects, such as taking land out of production can generate positive externalities to the benefit of society, including the provision of wetlands, wildlife and water quality services. Others are costly to society producing negative externalities, such as water pollution. Without markets, however, there is likely to be a sub-optimal provision of ecosystem services by farmers from society’s perspective (Moxey, 2012, Ribaudo etal.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In southern Norway, seagrass beds are being restored by planting juvenile plants in custom made physical constructions. At the Helgeland coast (a protected UNESCO World Heritage site in mid Norway) a restoration project is currently ongoing to reestablish kelp forests in areas where pronounced grazing pressure from sea urchins and eutrophication have expelled these key ecosystems (http://www.merces-project.eu/). Another parallel methodology is community based monitoring (CBM), which places emphasis on the needs of local communities (Conrad & Hilchey, 2011, Tunon, Kvamstrom, & Maimer, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Besides the countries already mentioned, this was found to be the case in the Plurinational State of Bolivia and Chile, which improved their distributional situation between the mid- and late 2000s. The periods analysed are those when income distribution improved most significantly in 15 countries of the region. The factors considered in the decomposition are as follows: per capita household income is decomposed by multiplying the proportion of adults in the household by the income each adult receives,6 income per adult is disaggregated as the sum of earnings (per adult) and non-work income (per adult) in the household, lastly, earnings per adult are calculated as the product of remuneration per employed person and the employment rate (ratio between the number working and the number of adults) (see box 1.6). For this, it calculates each of the variables described at the aggregate level for each quintile at two different points in time, f0 and (,.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)