albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Industry and urban residents are the largest consumers and have been benefiting for a long time. National energy efficiency efforts should be directed primarily to those who consume the most electricity and whose potential for savings are the greatest. In an attempt to maximise and accelerate the reduction of the housing backlog, energy efficiency has largely been overlooked in the design and construction process. Principles are now established to correct these errors and ensure that all houses, including the very small ones, comply with the best-practice energy efficiency standards.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
That said, they are a highly diverse group. In responding to the opportunities and concerns presented by the Paris outcomes, each country will need to assess for itself what makes sense, given its unique priorities and capacities. No one-size-fits-all recommendations are possible or appropriate. A number of Commonwealth countries are already manoeuvring to take advantage of the opportunities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
As shown, the Icelandic population has experienced dramatic improvement in several key health indicators, such as the IMR and life-expectancy. Governmental polices shape and determine the context in which we are born, live and die. During the life-course, people are constantly exposed to both positive and negative factors that influence their life.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Well-designed intergovernmental transfers can create incentives for improved financial sustainability and creditworthiness of local jurisdictions, eventually helping to decrease demands on central budgets. As with central authorities, the 3Ts (taxes, tariffs and transfers), including inter-governmental transfers, are the ultimate source of finance, since other forms must be repaid or provide compensation. These may include grants, funding programmes and specific agreements that can be included in contracts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It is possible, too, that increased deployment of broadband networks and more widespread availability of smartphones will accelerate these trends. This risk that the digital divide will widen between LDCs and other countries, including other developing countries, is consistent with evidence from the ICT Development Index (which includes some of the same metrics) in Chapter 2. Affordability will be a critical factor in overcoming this divide, and detailed attention should be paid to the ICT Price Basket and the Agenda's three affordability targets. There is growing awareness of the gender digital divide, but its roots in structural inequalities, particularly concerned with income and educational attainment, mean that it is most likely to be addressed through measures that address those wider societal problems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
For the first lime, PISA 2012 also included an assessment of the financial literacy of young people, which was optional for countries. It emphasises the mastery of processes, the understanding of concepts, and the ability to function in various types of situations. In a range of countries and economies, an additional 40 minutes were devoted to the computer-based assessment of mathematics, reading and problem solving. The items were organised in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of test items were covered, with different students taking different combinations of test items.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The policy concerns risks from natural disasters and from human-caused accidents. Colombia does not have a system for classifying chemical facilities based on the hazardous properties of the chemicals produced, processed or handled. For companies subject to licensing requirements, chemical accident prevention measures are included in licence conditions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
This is the case in Israel, where every ministry or government agency involved in establishing water-related policies or tariffs acts within the constraints of the Water Law passed by the Knesset in 1959. This 50-year old comprehensive Law includes items such as the explicit identification of the mandate of the Israeli Water Authority (the national agency that sets policies, manages, monitors and plans the national water supplies), the identification of the organisations that are authorised to work in the water sector and their respective responsibilities, the identification of necessary restrictions in water and wastewater management, as well as regulation of the methods by which water tariffs are set in each sector (domestic, agriculture, and industry). This is the case of Belgium, Canada, Chile, France, Mexico, the Netherlands, Spain and the United States.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The Contracting Parties, recognizing that patents and other intellectual property rights may have an influence on the implementation of this Convention, shall cooperate in this regard subject to national legislation and international law in order to ensure that such rights are supportive of and do not run counter to its objectives. Each Contracting Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, to provide for the effective participation in biotechnological research activities by those Contracting Parties, especially developing countries, which provide the genetic resources for such research, and where feasible in such Contracting Parties. Each Contracting Party shall take all practicable measures to promote and advance priority access on a fair and equitable basis by Contracting Parties, especially developing countries, to the results and benefits arising from biotechnologies based upon genetic resources provided by those Contracting Parties. Such access shall be on mutually agreed terms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The situation will be revisited as the evidence evolves, in line with the concept of “permanent adjustment” described above. The BMLFUW is to co-ordinate this process, and the first implementation report is due in 2014. The report is intended to provide a detailed analysis of the status of NAS implementation, based on an interview survey of relevant officials and predetermined monitoring criteria. Further reporting is to be carried out every two years (BMLFUW, 2012a, EC, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Some of these regional collaborations are far more developed than others. Flowever, states themselves must take the lead in planning, funding and implementing the range of policy changes and initiatives outlined in this chapter. In 2003 free compulsory primary education was introduced and in 2008 all school fees were abolished.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Women’s involvement in leadership roles within the legislature is also uneven, especially when it comes to chairing committees. It is worth evaluating how present norms and procedures of representative bodies -both at the national and sub-national level- could be improved so as to foster a gender-sensitive work environment conducive to the needs of both men and women. Women fill only two of the 18 ministerial positions in the Presidential Cabinet.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
At the other extreme, several countries have made progress of less than 30%, i.e., under half of what was expected at this stage. This low rate partly reflects the “subsidy” that assumes Brazil, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico, representing about 60% of the region’s population, have already met the target (see figures 1.10 and 1.11). Whereas per capita GDP in some cases would need to grow by over 4% per year, the rates needed in other countries are below 2%, while those that have already met the target have a margin enabling them to remain in the same category despite possible reductions in per capita income.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Offices of command must be accessible to all. Rawls's second principle relates to Aristotelian distributive justice, which refers to the sharing among people with regard to proportionality considerations. The Human Rights Committee affirmed in its general comment No. In other words, development processes are to be designed to serve impartially and to be favourable to all the beneficiaries of development, and in particular to those who are vulnerable to the adverse effects of development projects or programmes. The Econom ic Journal, vol. The requirement of the distribution of wealth originating from development also has concrete consequences for the enjoyment of other protected human rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Similarly, the Scottish Online Appraisal Resource (SOAR) is an online platform to support doctors working and training in Scotland in the appraisal and revalidation process. The Flying Start programme has been created to support newly qualified nurses, midwives and allied health professionals during their first year of practice in Scotland. This articulates a core vision for the workforce, developed in conjunction with NHS staff members, that emphasises improved ways of working, collaboration, and embracing technology. Supporting materials, including an Implementation Plan and a Communication Toolkit, have also been developed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
While most of Denmark's forests were replaced by fields and pastures centuries ago, and land erosion is a significant problem in many coastal areas, much of the country is covered by rich and productive soils. Iceland, by contrast, has very little forest cover, and large parts of the country are sparsely vegetated. Nevertheless, research has shown that 28%-3i% (30-36 thousand square kilometres) of the country was covered by natural woodlands when the country was settled in the late 9th century A.D., but most of it disappeared within the first two centuries of human habitation (Government of Iceland / UNFCCC, 2014). Similarly, as much as 40% of the land is believed to have been degraded by wind erosion and soil and vegetation loss after settlement (Davi'6sdottir et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
With legal documents the threshold for data privacy is one of the highest possible. It would therefore not only be not advisable, yet simply not allowed, to upload legal documents onto the blockchain. This does not only hold for the documents, but any metadata that would allow drawing conclusions about the contract at hand.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
It then explores ways in which location, ethnidty, gender or age may have shaped disparities in well-being outcomes. While recent growth performance has been assodated with an increase in household consumption and a remarkable decline in consumption poverty, there are important questions about overall income inequality, distribution of income growth and the employment content of growth. The OECD defines inclusive growth in broad terms encompassing not only fair distribution of income growth, but also shared progress in other non-income dimensions of well-being.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Second, it examines variations in the supply chain for different species present in the focus countries - and their corresponding impact on corruption risk. This variation owes to the fact that countries in the same region occupy - at times substantially - different positions in the broader IWT supply chain. Of course, some corruption risks are common to multiple countries, including at the source and transit stages. However, semi-structured interviews revealed a number of differences across the focus countries in the precise profile of corruption risks cited. However, a closer look at each country reveals key differences in the extent of their roles in sourcing and transit processes, as follows.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Nevertheless, at 6% of GDP the OECD average public spending on health is twice as high as across Asia. Also, the share of public spending in total health spending is much lower in Asia compared to OECD countries: 48.1% vis-a-vis 72.7% respectively (OECD, 2014a). Public financial resources for health differ markedly across countries: they are highest in Japan and New Zealand at close to 8% of GDP and around 1% of GDP in Bangladesh, Lao PDR and Pakistan.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
India's coal-fired power plants are among the least efficient in the world and the construction of new thermal power stations would be a cost-effective way of improving efficiency. There have been some positive achievements in energy efficiency in the past few years, such as the enactment of the Energy Conservation Act in 2001 and the creation of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) in 2002. In addition to the creation of the BEE in 2002, the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (2010-2015) introduced several government instruments to facilitate EE development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This information is best presented in map form. The main sources are hydrographical and hydrological monitoring and information systems that are usually managed by national geographical, hydrological institutions and water authorities. The data are usually produced for individual river basins or catchments, for use at national and subnational levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Germany's government, for example, developed policies that promote grid integration and market access for solar energy. In addition to the technical capacity to enable trade across the network, policies need to provides incentives for homeowners to invest in the infrastructure - by giving them the opportunity, for example, to offset their initial investment by selling the excess electricity they produce. In addition to grid integration policies and technologies, governments must offer financial and tax incentives to develop the solar energy infrastructure and help counter the initial cost of these systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
ABSTRACTThis interpretive policy analysis of Australia’s response to human trafficking aimed to uncover the ways that human trafficking is currently represented as a problem within policy and to critically examine the actions proposed and services provided to address human trafficking. Through Bacchi’s method of interpretive policy analysis, values, beliefs, assumptions, and proposed actions that underwrite policy were examined. An analysis of the ways in which “problems” are defined and represented revealed that the problem of human trafficking is represented as a criminal-justice issue rather than a health or human-rights issue. In addition, five silences were identified as things left unproblematized and not discussed as part of Australia’s response to trafficking. There are serious limitations to a criminal-justice approach. A public-health approach would have a stronger focus on supporting all victims of human trafficking over the long term, rather than only those who are prepared to engage with the ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In the late 1990s, for example, an assessment of publicly financed ESPs in 152 countries found that delivery care and emergency obstetric care were often missing. Once the ACA is fully implemented, health insurance will be mandatory for all citizens and insurance plans will be required to include basic health services. It is expected, for example, that 47 million women will gain access to free preventative health care.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In addition, less than 40 per cent of such plans, and in some cases less than 20 percent, address different sorts of constraints such as in the areas of skills, environmental impacts or sources of finance. However, if these plans do capture the level of governments’ commitment to infrastructure planning and development, then considerably more work is needed, for both more robust national infrastructure and development strategies, to ensure infrastructure development does play the fundamental role it can have in transforming developing economies. In part, that is because the mixture of creative and destructive forces accompanying such a transformation do not automatically translate into a virtuous growth circle while the rents that are inevitably created in the process can be captured by a privileged group in ways that clog the economic arteries and increase the dangers of a political stroke.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In these countries, then, are not only are there more poor individuals, but the poor are deprived in more dimensions. In all the countries, a higher percentage of the population was poor in rural than in urban areas. The highest rural poverty levels were in Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras and the Plurinational State of Bolivia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Considering the urgency of implementing EE technologies, as well as the projected weight of energy efficiency for a sustainable energy future, the next case study questions whether any of these findings are applied in current international mechanisms. The study focuses on the only UNFCCC recognised linked between the private sector and clean technology in emerging economies: the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The Kyoto Protocol in 1998 confirmed the financial obligations of developed countries in that regard.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Sweden will need to expand the coverage of MPAs to meet the Aichi target of protecting at least 10% of coastal and marine areas by 2020. It should also ensure that all MPAs have management plans and the means to implement them. It provides a good model for similar initiatives, based on the effective participation of local communities in decision making.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The promotion of Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA) as a means to address driver compliance with speed limits could help to deliver a quick and substantial improvement. This could take the form of adoption of an injury reduction target. A set of safety performance indicators should be developed, including on speed compliance and drink-driving and a programme of monitoring and reporting on these indicators should be established.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This paper details the responses made by social scientists as well as criminal justice practitioners during 1932 to a study focusing on the status of criminology by the Bureau of Social Hygiene. These responses ultimately led to the publication of the controversial Crime, Law and Social Science (1933), which gave much-needed direction to the development of criminology. Despite the importance of these responses to the creation of criminological thought, only one (by Edwin H. Sutherland) has previously been published. Examining the responses of all of the individual participants in the project gives a clearer picture of controversies and changes which ultimately occurred as the field of criminology gradually became institutionalized as an academic discipline.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The variables under analysis are disaggregated by sex in order to permit an analysis of the differences in the ways that women and men react to deindustrialization. The results indicate that deindustrialization has led to a decline in quality employment and an upswing in self-employment, at the same time that the female labour force participation rate has risen and the male participation rate has fallen. This all occurred in parallel with the economic measures introduced in the 1990s and reflects the role that women have assumed in order to safeguard the well-being of their families.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In Egypt, Jordan and Libya, where the husband can end financial maintenance of the wife on the grounds that he did not authorise her to leave the house or work, the insertion of a clause in the marriage contract enables the wife to continue her education, seek employment or travel abroad without having to ask permission. Discussions with focus groups highlighted that the future bride rarely demands clauses such as the right to work. Women are often not aware of their rights and, even when they are, strong social pressure dissuades future brides from mentioning this issue during prenuptial negotiations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The central government had been planning to capitalise on the good wind resource in the north of the country by increasing production of wind energy in these areas. It had selected several sites for locating wind farms. However, as the production of RE does not represent a concrete advantage for the hosting communities, and as there is a general perception that negative externalities are not being compensated for by the RE policy, they have tended to oppose them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Ireland is one of six countries where the continuous rise in unemployment rates has not yet ended. This recession actually began in the second quarter of 1979, but unemployment did not peak until mid-1983. [ The historical comparisons for the OECD area reported here refer to the 30 countries for which the necessary data are available since 1970.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Thus, the population trends in the skylark do not necessarily indicate crop type, but rather other aspects of the agricultural scheme like the use of pesticides. Other factors may apply to varying extent, but the predominant factor remains the application of non-natural substances to the fields. In general, structural differences are small and may not have major effects on the biodiversity. As discussed elsewhere none single bird species indicator will in itself yield a clear and unique indication of the farming type as they are affected by a few or a number of factors of which the effect of non-natural substances like pesticides is just one. Plant species may demonstrate a clearer one-stringed relation with their environment and as such turn out as providing stronger indication of the ecological quality of their environment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
To this end, a group of nine international financial institutions (IFIs)15 have been working towards a harmonised approach for accounting for GHG impacts of their project portfolios (World Bank, 2012). For example, the Carbon Footprint tool of the Agence Fran^aise de Developpement’s (AFD) can be used to conduct an ex-ante evaluation of the GHG impacts of proposed projects in a variety of sectors, measured in units of C02-eq(AFD, 2010). This enables AFD to track the climate impacts of AFD’s investments at the portfolio-level. It also allows potential climate impacts to be considered when making decisions on project design and ultimately funding for all projects and not just “climate” projects. ( For specific institution level guidelines, see e.g. IFC, 2013, EIB, 2012, GEF, 2011b, EBRD, 2010, OPIC, 2009.) These broader indicators include MW of renewable energy capacity installed, lifetime or annual GWh of energy saved, as well as hectares of deforestation and afforestation (e.g. SE4ALL, 2013, UK, 2013, IDB, 2012, CIF, 2012a, 2012c, 2011, GEF, 201 lb, AfDB, n.d.).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This chapter presents a shift in the understating of terrorism threats from a criminological paradigm to a sociological one, introducing the public health and public resilience approach within a terrorism and security discourse, particularly focusing on the practices of mobbing, bossing, straining and bullying used as terrorism strategies and tactics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The management system and tools used in a multispecies fishery can have large impacts on the cost of rebuilding. Using economic incentives such as those created by individual or group quota systems can reduce rebuilding costs by harnessing the knowledge and skills of fishermen to the task of reducing catch rates of a rebuilding stock. Most fish stocks are still managed as if their productivity is static and unaffected by the dynamic ecosystems of which they are a part.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)