albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
This study compared information gathered from medical examiner reports to information gathered from law enforcement reports in characterizing incidents of homicide and homicide followed by suicide that were abstracted for a public health violent-death surveillance system. The authors found that law enforcement reports contribute substantively to the surveillance system and often augment or provide additional information to the medical examiner reports. The utility of law enforcement data, particularly the narrative information, must be balanced with the time needed to gather the law enforcement reports and funding limitations. As violent-death surveillance needs grow, linking police and other law enforcement data with medical examiner and other public health data sources will provide a clearer picture of the circumstances relating to homicide and other violent deaths at the state and national level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
According to that document, 10% of counties would pilot the programme in 2009, and all rural areas would be covered by 2020. Combined with household support, land tenure, and social relief, the objective of this programme is to support the rural elderly. Rural residents aged 16 years or above and out of school can participate in the programme if they wish.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Data from the ITU ICT Regulatory Tracker show that, in 2008, only 27 per cent of countries had an open telecommunication sector enabling investment, innovation and access, compared with 62 per cent of countries having progressed to such an enabling regulatory environment in 2017 (Chart 4.4). This testifies to the improvement in the regulatory and policy context of many ICT markets worldwide. The two vertical axes are scaled proportionally based on the 2008 values, so that a 10 per cent increase in subscription penetration on the right axis takes the same range as a 10 per cent decrease in prices on the left axis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Farmers in drier areas (east coast of both islands) or in colder areas (especially in the South Island) often carry more than one year's supply of feed, but very seldom more than two year's supply. In recent adverse events, while feed reserves within the affected area were limited, sufficient feed was brought in from outside the area. There is also an increasing trade in imported feed, particularly Palm Kernel Extract (mostly from Malaysia), which is largely fed to dairy cows.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In the case of mothers of older children, meanwhile, only one coefficient estimate is significant, namely that for the twenty-fifth quantile (10.4%). The informal sector shows strong evidence in both time periods (pre- and post-crisis) for motherhood wage penalties across the quantiles, with the largest penalties being experienced by women with children aged under 6. Nevertheless, as Budig and England (2001) highlight, it could be the case that mothers, and especially mothers of children who are not old enough to go to school, seek “mother-friendly” jobs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The GGEO is not simply a matter of 'add women to the environment and stir', instead it makes use of gender-based assessment frameworks along with the traditional environmental assessment approach of the Drivers-Pressures-State-lmpacts-Responses (DPSIR) methodology, thus requiring new questions and new methods. Using a gender-specific approach to examine these complex linkages (which may be referred to as the "gender-and-environment nexus") is therefore an appropriate way to investigate the dynamic relationships between environmental change and gender equality, as well as between impacts on sustainablity and the realization of women's rights and empowerment (Leach 2015, Seager 2014). The push for gender equality is shaping environmental understanding, but notions of gender equality are also shaped by environmental imperatives including equal access to, and sharing of, the benefits of the use and protection of ecosystems and natural resources (UN 2014, MEA 2005).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Credit could also be directed to large-scale businesses that can demonstrate their ability to promote significant increases in employment relative totheirtotal spending. At a time when economists were seeking to explain the rapid growth of East Asian economies, Amsden (2001) identified the importance of central bank mechanisms that promote medium- and long-term investment in late industrializing countries, supported by central bank policy tools to achieve this goal. Credit allocation policies were extensively adopted, and included selective credit targeted to strategic sectors and support for specialized credit institutions to meet diverse credit needs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Exposure to water scarcity in Mafraq is mainly linked to significant population growth, resulting from the influx of Syrian refugees coupled with a considerable physical water scarcity. The climate is harsh and the population of more than 25 million people faces great challenges in the light of rapidly declining water resources. The political economy of water inYemen - defined by entwined economic realities, geopolitical developments, migration and social hierarchies - reflects the challenges of sustainable development in a country facing extreme water scarcity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This system has been heavily criticized for creating opportunities for the exploitation of workers and being a de facto slave market, depriving migrants of the most basic rights. See also IOM 2009,2012, World Bank 2012. The title comes from an influential essay on G.C. Spivak (1988). Tacoli and Mabala 2010, Rahman 2009,2012, Semyonov and Gorodzeisky 2005.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The article concerns, particularly important from the point of view of administrative responsibility, the issue of acts and omissions of a public authority as a condition excluding this responsibility. The title question is presented on the example of increased environmental fees, which are regulated in the EPA. The analysis of the jurisdiction of administrative courts in this area shows significant differences, especially in the context of the objective/subjective nature of administrative responsibility. The authors of this paper are trying, by strengthening their thesis based on the current achievements of the doctrine in this area, to eliminate these differences, which are the consequence of the lack of an act regulating the issue of administrative sanctions in general.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In practice, the average capacity factor of hydropower in India has often been lower, with an average national load factor of 43% in 2007 because of factors including shortcomings in design of old existing hydropower plants and strong dependence on monsoon rainfalls. Nearly 90% of the total remaining hydro potential of 98 GW is in the Himalaya mountain region (Figure 1.12). The definition of the regions within India corresponds to the one used in the geographical model analysis (see Annex B).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It then examines women's gains in control over resources across diverse regional settings, focusing in particular on labour market earnings and productive assets. This shows that progress has been uneven across countries, as well as within them, and identifies some of the constraints that stand in women's way. The chapter then looks at marital property and inheritance regimes and the gap between women and men in terms of asset ownership.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This piece critically examines migration policies in Greece and Turkey with an emphasis on the Greek experience. It examines four thematic areas which shape the migration debates: social change, citizenship, rights and sovereignty. It then turns to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights to assess the main challenges associated with migrants’ rights: free trial, deprivation of liberty and conditions and procedures of detention and extradition. Honing in upon the case of Muslim migrants in Greece, it charts patterns of solidarity and exclusion. Exploring the impact of the Greek crisis on immigration, it highlights the securitization of public discourse on migrants and the rise of xenophobic political factions. The article concludes by suggesting that there are underexplored areas in which Greece and Turkey could cooperate when it comes to immigration and ensuring migrants’ rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, as a derogation from the common CU tariff, Kazakhstan will maintain a zero import duty on raw cane sugar up to 2019 with the obligation that neither raw sugar for processing, nor white sugar would be re-directed to Russia or Belarus. For refined sugar, the previous combined duty of 30% (but not less than EUR 120 per tonne) was replaced by a specific duty of EUR 340 per tonne. Tariff rates were increased for many agricultural products and Kazakhstan’s tariff system became less liberal than it had been prior to the CU (Box 2.6). This implies that the CU tariff will evolve in accordance with the commitments that the CU members undertake within the WTO framework.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Abstract   This article is based on the belief that research focused on PR tourism is of fundamental importance to understanding the role of PR in contemporary culture. Our analysis shows that tourism has not received much attention from PR researchers and that a critical perspective uncovers a host of key issues in promotional culture: power, politics and diplomacy in international communication, risk, ethics and social responsibility, globalisation and multiculturalism, and ‘media panics’ and ‘media events’.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The approach of ethics from the perspective of epistemic autonomy comes to bring together the professional concerned with the ethical reflection on his own practice and his own epistemological, ethical and ethical horizon, with those of the professional ethic who are addressing the ethical significance of practice in the various fields of social research, no more. This editorial proposes a number of directions of interest in the field of ethics in social science research, as the preferred domains, without being exclusive to the on-going Journal of Ethics in Social Studies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Geographical isolation and terrain, dispersed populations, and high infrastructure and transport costs are key barriers to the electrification of rural and outer island areas of these countries (see also Chapter 9). In addition, based on the energy intensity indicator for Target 7.3, only Fiji, Samoa and Solomon Islands are expected to improve their energy efficiency by 2030, with the other countries not expected to achieve this target even in 2050. While the energy intensity indicator is an imperfect proxy as it can be affected by factors other than efficiency (climate, structure of the economy, nature of economic activities) (IAEG-SDGs, 2016c), the current general lack of attention to energy efficiency by Commonwealth Pacific small states (see Chapter 9) also signals that this target is unlikely to be met if this inattention continues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Parents who abuse drugs are more likely to live in homes in which relatives, friends, and strangers also use drugs, exposing children to possible emotional and physical harm. Additionally, children that have to be removed from such environments are more likely to engage in crime, drug use and delinquency. Drug abuse is of particular concern among street children throughout the world.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
And Austria has been a net resource recipient in the Horizon 2020 and the preceding 7th Framework Programme. Austria has attracted significant internationally mobile R&D investment, and is also successful as an exporter of manufactures, as diagnosed in several OECD Economic Surveys of Austria. Austrian firms, including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), show a high propensity to cooperate w'ith other firms and with universities and other research organisations. Vienna is the largest student city in the German-speaking world, w ith some 200 000 students.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The report demonstrates the business case for using LNG as a fuel in maritime transport, for both LNG tankers and - increasingly since 2000-other ships. Currently, there are over 300 ships powered by LNG. This is a positive development in view of the significant environmental benefits of LNG compared to heavy fuel oil and diesel both of which dominate today's market for international shipping bunkers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Nevertheless, in 2011, there were still 360 million people lacking access to improved water sources, which represents about 46 per cent of the worlds total. The North and Central Asian subregion has the highest proportion of the population with access to improved water sources but has shown limited progress since 1990 and has therefore not yet achieved the Millennium Development Goal target. The case is similar in the Pacific subregion, which has recorded a decrease in the proportion of the population with access to safe drinking water.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This methodological article applies the Continua of Biliteracy (Hornberger, 1989, Hornberger & Skilton-Sylvester, 2000) onto the curriculum and human resources of Asas da Florestania Infantil, namely Asinhas, a preschool initiative with United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognition for its startling approach to the Acre an multilingual setting in northwestern Brazil. Overseen, forest-dependent, Acre’s identity is a traditional and hybridculture melting pot with sustainable rubber tapping advocates, indigenous land claimers and Haitian refugees, where languages and literacy converge to legitimate the Brazilian linguistic and cultural diversity. Initially funded by national communication mogul Rede Globo and the World Bank, today, it also responds to municipal, state, and federal accountability. We concluded that Asinhas’ recruitment of Educational Agents to promote meaningful forest-based content at an anthropological home visits approach is an outstanding decentralization and multilingual setting and curriculum acknowledgement, despite its population under representation and scaling-up limitations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It is currently working on developing a Biodiversity Finance Plan, including examining the potential to increase e.g. penalties and user fees, which w'ere found to be low in the PIR (Box 2.6). The objective is to identify programmes, activities and projects of each bureau that are responsive to biodiversity. It is envisioned that this w ill provide finer resolution of biodiversity-related expenditures and at the same time provide a process that will raise awareness and inform the bureaus about biodiversity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Written for a symposium honoring Steve Burbank’s contributions to procedure scholarship, this Essay takes Geoff Hazard’s monograph, Research in Civil Procedure, as its point of departure. Hazard was remarkably prescient in forecasting our modern predicament, posing timeless questions about the role of history and doctrine, the emphasis on normative claims and law reform, the centrality of legal theory, and the rise of empirical and other discipline-based scholarship. After surveying the challenges facing legal scholars, procedural and otherwise, the Essay concludes with a note of appreciation for Burbank’s ability to couple a command of doctrinal nuance with sophisticated empirics in crafting a powerful account of the variegated institutions of procedural law reform.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Gender inequality appears to be both a pull and a push factor for migrant women. On one hand, higher gender discrimination at home reduces female emigration, since women's restricted opportunities and low decision-power limit their possibility to move abroad. On the other hand, lower discrimination in the destination country attracts female immigration.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In one US consulting firm, for example, researchers found that men pretended to work 60- to 80-hour weeks by strategically timing when to send emails, scheduling phone calls at odd hours, and discreetly taking leave without formal permission. In contrast, female workers were far more likely to make formal requests of reduced hours, and were consequently marginalised within the firm (Reid, 2015). Even software engineers argue that programming errors are more likely to occur (and take longer to fix) after long hours, despite the tech industry’s glorification of seemingly endless workdays (Robinson, 2005). The government and employers should also encourage workers to take the leave for which they are eligible. Government can also play an important role in raising employer awareness of the negative effects of overwork. Although the public sector should set a good example by curbing excessive hours, stakeholders in Mexico note that public sector managers largely ignored previous government attempts to end workdays at a reasonable time.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In a context where much of the population is sensitive to or supportive of Islamist-oriented political projects, Islamic feminist movements have emerged. Groups taking this approach concentrate on the radical transformation of Islamic jurisprudence or otherwise use Islamic arguments to challenge gender inequality (box 4.3). Examples include movements that focus on challenging male guardianship laws or that use religious texts to challenge domestic violence.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
While other factors were also key to the successful adoption of the Paris Agreement, without the Secretary-General's long-term strategy of raising climate change to the leader level, broadening participation to include space at the table for the private sector, finance community and civil society, and raising public awareness on the issue of climate change, an agreement would not have been possible. Ban Ki-moon and his team had been planning to cement the legacy of the Paris outcome long before COP 21 was held. As the celebrations drew to a close, they began to leverage the Secretary-General's personal relationships with world leaders to build a movement towards early entry into force of the Agreement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Certain radical public acts of expression, those which for instance incite hatred or recruit participants for armed conflict, are punishable under criminal law, even when these pronouncements are religiously motivated. This study examines which statements incur punishment, and the role freedom of religion and freedom of expression play when making this assessment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Past public health programmes, which were often ambitious in their stated goals, largely remained unimplemented in practice. Moreover, public health programmes adopted since the political transition that emphasised the need to tackle health inequalities did not sufficiently analyse their causes or formulate adequate strategies to address them successfully. The regulation aimed to limit the maximum trans fatty acid content of foodstuff and redefine nutritional health rules for public catering.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It would also be useful to consider how such programmes could be better geared to serve the needs and priorities of the region. Experimentation with experiential and problem-based learning models in group setting could provide a solution that would bring benefits for a wider group of students. Furthermore there is a need to aggressively increase and improve entrepreneurship education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
These policy instruments are likely to put upward pressure on fossil fuel-based energy consumption, resulting in an important impact on operating costs of energy-intensive mining activities. There is evidence that stigmatisation of fossil fuel companies, triggered by public divestment campaigns, may increase business uncertainty and have a permanent negative impact on their valuation (Ansar et al., This, coupled with the mining industry’s competition for scarce energy resources with local communities, may pose a significant social risk to the future smooth development of the industry.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Traditional conservation strategies can effectively preserve biodiversity within nature reserves, but may fail to mitigate the conflicts between rural development and wildlife conservation. This paper discusses the magnitude of the conflict and its development over time, focusing on elephant conservation and land resource management within and around nature reserves. We suggest that regulations alone can satisfy neither the demands to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services nor the demands to achieve human welfare. More innovative tools such as informed land-use planning and integrated conservation development projects are called for to reduce the agricultural interface with elephant range, and therefore to alleviate the damage caused by the conflict.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This would actually be the case if out-of-market financing was abolished and VREs had to sell their production at market prices. Of particular importance in this context are capacity mechanisms remunerating dispatchable capacity for its availability in time of need. The decline in prices, revenues and profits of dispatchable technologies requires that a portion of their revenues be derived from other sources if they are to stay in the market to provide the necessary backup services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Sustainable capacity needs to be integrated into project design from the start so that when the donor withdraws, the process continues. There are some general principles for phasing out donor support: transparency, inclusion, predictability, obligation and sustainability. The withdrawal of donor support from any programme should avoid disempowerment (Good Practice Note 10.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The index was then used to explain the PISA scores of immigrant students as well as their well-being. Most importantly, the regression accounts for the geographic and cultural distance between the two countries and includes host and origin country fixed effects, so the effect of sport distance is isolated from other potential confounding factors. The results show that for immigrant boys, a 1-point increase in the sports distance index reduces PISA science scores by over 1-point.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This information has been used to identify households to receive benefits of the conditional cash transfer programme, PATH. It is noted above that already in 2001 there were proposals for environmental management systems that sought to utilise fully market incentives, especially because of the process of rapid liberalisation of the Jamaican economy that began in the 1980s and accelerated in the 1990s. Essentially these are price signals that favour allocation of investments in green technologies (e.g. solar water heating, windpower), and discourage petroleum-intensive consumption (e.g. ‘gas-guzzling’ vehicles).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
In many cases, the principle of equality between men and women is enshrined in the national Constitution and overrides any contrary customary practice. An agricultural holding is an economic unit of agricultural production under single management. Percentages of women and men holders by country do not always sum to 100 in case of e.g. joint holdings or unreported gender.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)