albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Should deviations occur, the shipper notifies the customer and discusses possible corrective actions. The use of smart sensors and data analytics has enabled Maersk to expand its activities, which were traditionally focused on the physical transportation of goods across the globe, to the provision of value-added advisory services to customers. The platform, TradeLens, was officially launched in August 2018.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The National Energy Policy also highlights the negative health impacts, particularly on women, of traditional cooking and the need to more actively involve women in determining future forms of energy sources for cooking. Energy consumption is concentrated in the Gilbert Islands, where 90 per cent of Kiribati’s 112,900 people live, particularly in the capital atoll of Tarawa. Kiribati relies on fossil fuels for 97 per cent of its energy needs, with the rest provided by biomass (Figure 9.1). Fuel imports have almost doubled since 1990, making up close to 20 per cent of Kiribati’s merchandise imports in 2013, which is higher than the world and small states average (Figure 9.2).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
On average, around 185 million m3 per year are used by households, while economic activities use around 100 million m3 per year. There has been a visible increase in the business sector since 2007, while domestic consumption remains stable. There are significant differences in the level of coverage between regions but there has been visible improvement since 1997 (when the connection ratio was 63 per cent).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This sort of technology park tests new unconventional sanitation techniques for small and isolated communities and identifies the best option according to climatic conditions and the specific pollutants involved. However, far slower progress is expected in developing countries (RoW). The United Nations estimates that by 2015, 89% of the population in developing regions are likely to have access to improved sources of drinking water, compared with 70% in 1990 (UN, 2011). The MDG of halving by 2015 the 1990 level of population without improved water supply is expected to be met in most regions, but not in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is so for three reasons.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Tasks are divided in some instances, but are unclear overall. For example, river management requires the consideration of sufficient water quantity, flood control and the environmental functions of rivers. However, this is difficult to achieve in ecological restoration of rivers, especially when no national committee or policy organisation structure exists to bring the different actors together and create room for regular dialogue to prevent and manage possible overlaps.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The lowest tax rate for hydrous ethanol (12%) is charged in Sao Paulo State, the largest producer and consumer state, whereas the average country tax rate is 16%. For gasoline, the average country tax rate is about 25%. However, the scope of these measures remains relatively limited, providing relief only for the most efficient and least indebted groups in this sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
While considerable advances in water supply and sanitation have occurred in OECD countries, pathogens can still enter water supply systems due to resistance to disinfection (e.g. Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and enteric viruses), treatment system deficiencies (e.g. inadequate disinfection), periodic treatment failures, or distribution system contamination. Excessive rainfall and agriculture runoff was the cause of the contamination. In Europe, significant outbreaks of water-borne pathogenic organisms have occurred in Sweden (Widerstrom et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Except for Botswana, this reflects the fact that where Commonwealth African countries have been willing to adopt TSMs (see Chapter 4) they have been more willing to do so at the local level (often seen as ‘community affairs’ rather than ‘real politics’) than at the national level. However, because they are appointed, ministers are a litmus test of political will. This is one area in which Heads of State who are committed to gender equality have the power to bring about change in a relatively short time span. There is no direct correlation between levels of women in parliament and cabinet.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The nested CES production function determines the relation between land use (like any other production factor or intermediate input use) and production. The CES production function implies that with regard to land use we can distinguish between an expansion and a substitution effect. The expansion effect implies that you need more land when you expand production and does with constant returns to scale not influence the yields.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Globally, the Foundation develops campaigns to influence national and international laws to protect rainforests and their inhabitants. In this project the Foundation supported communities with territorial management scaling with management plans. Traditional authorities appointed technicians, supported activities and incorporated community monitoring into their worldview. The indigenous technicians were the key players in the implementation and success of the project. The first drone flight took place in April 2016, in the Madugandi Comarca community.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In a country where women face very high levels of discrimination in social norms, they devote over five times longer than men do to unpaid care and domestic activities, compared to twice in countries with very low levels of discrimination. This is explained by both a decrease in women’s unpaid care work and an increase in men’s. Unfortunately, veiy little is known on how to challenge discriminatory social norms, although innovative programmes are proving that it is possible (see Box 8). Their main purpose is to raise awareness among men around issues of gender inequality and negative masculinities and advocate for working with men and boys to be considered a priority in gender polices and plans.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Similarly, among current non-'harmful' drinkers in 2002-03, 17% become non-drinkers in 2004-05, 61% remain current non-'harmful’ drinkers, and 22% are ‘harmful’ drinkers. The proportion of 'harmful' drinkers varies by age: 47% in the age group 18-24, 27% in ages 25-44, 17% in ages 45-64, 8% in ages 65 or above. These findings suggest that young adults are more affected by 'harmful' drinking behaviours compared to other age groups. Figure 9 shows overall (population) rates in men and women, Figure 10 shows trends in HED in men and women by age group. The NHANES data show a clear increase in HED in the age group 20-24, while NSDUH data show a significantly milder, or no increase. Weekly limit is 14 drinks per week for women and 21 for men.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This includes natural meadows and heathland, including shrub areas and unforested exposed bedrock and boulder areas. Disturbance has increased in alpine areas during the past 50 years, through the rapid development of tourism and the increased use of cross-country vehicles (Gunnarsson and Lofroth 2014). These are either treeless mountain tops or semi- open mountain birch forests lying normally higher than 300 metres above sea level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Des initiatives nationales specifiques existent pour lutter contre les problemes psychologiques les plus urgents, tel que le suicide, la stigmatisation sociale et l’augmentation des problemes mentaux chez les jeunes et les travailleurs suedois. The actual responsibilities for health care provision are divided between three levels of government: national, regional and local. Thus, Parliament passes legislation and sets the budget for mental health initiatives, and county councils and municipalities manage mental health services and administration. While this organisational set-up allows for effective and targeted delivery of services, it also requires advanced collaboration, communication and cooperation amongst various governmental bodies and mental health care providers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Specialists are concentrated in large cities and shortages are a particularly pressing issue in rural areas. Shortages in emergency medical specialists, anaesthetists, intensive care specialists and ophthalmologists are reportedly particularly pressing in rural areas. Rural municipalities have tried a number of initiatives to attract specialists, including salary supplements and free accommodation. Shortages persist, however, signaling a complex problem that is likely to need additional initiatives (such as improvements to rural schooling and other services) to attract health professionals and their families. The demand for specialised nurses, such as surgical nurses and intensive care nurses, is particularly high in Europe, leading to a relatively high expatriation rate for nurses at 5.0%, as discussed earlier (OECD, 2015c). Although many returned to work in nursing following the 2008 global financial crisis (as it offered more stable employment compared with other sectors affected by the economic downturn), on average about 150 nurses choose to discontinue to work as nurses while about 200 to 350 nurses are trained every year.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
While mobilising public as well as private funds for innovation remains an important challenge, much can be achieved by better organisational set-up of the knowledge and innovation system to connect different stakeholders, make research and development more responsive to demand, and improve related collaboration across countries. The G20 initiative AMIS makes important contributions to enhancing transparency of market information for some key agricultural commodities. More could be done to develop and share information on the performance of agricultural technology and production systems, and information that is important for fundamental research on plant and animal breeding, as discussed at previous G20 Meetings of Agricultural Chief Scientists. Improving quality and accessibility of evidence-based information on innovative solutions for farmers and non-specialised users would also be important.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The first are relatively straightforward to measure, as they are the marginal labour and vehicle operating costs, measured through costs for fuel and vehicle maintenance. Costs associated to schedule delay and non-adherence are harder to grasp, and can be classified into three categories. These are especially harmful in the context of just in time delivery practises, flexible inventories and perishable goods.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Applications to remove native vegetation are classified as low, medium or high risk. Where applications to clear native vegetation fall into the low risk category, the equivalence rules that apply are less specific than in the case for applications in the medium and high risk categories and consequently the costs of compliance are lower for low-risk projects. The regulatory requirements for applications proposing higher severity biodiversity loss increase in proportion to the proposed impacts where environmental impact assessments may be required. Evaluating the ecological equivalence between biodiversity loss and offset sites is a two-stage process. Biodiversity is measured at the biodiversity loss site and an offset requirement is then calculated to meet the objectives of the scheme, based on the measured loss.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
There may be a range of other barriers that will need to be addressed in order to create the right enabling environment for different public and private businesses, including finance actors to engage. Therefore, it is only when understanding the full picture in a specific country-sector context that the corresponding finance needs can be determined with some degree of certainty, and appropriate plans for support can be designed by the international community. Not all (l)NDCs that have a conditional component have automatically been included in this analysis, only where implementation costs and/ or financial support needs were articulated in the context of the condition. Where data is presented, it often lacks necessary detail to understand specific support needs in the different sectors and sub-sectors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The course was evaluated in 2011 on the basis of a sample of 2 100 drivers from 70 years on who had reported an accident to their insurance company during a two-year period. About 24% of the sample had completed the course prior to the accident. Drivers who had taken the refresher course before turning 75 years old were found to be at a 35% lower risk of being involved in multiple vehicle crashes compared to older drivers who had not taken the course (Ulleberg et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The sticking point appears to be how to ensure the environmental integrity of trade in carbon credits so as to avoid double-counting by states. Negotiators will return to this issue at the next round of negotiations. This delay will have implications for CORSIA, which is the trading scheme that will be set up for aviation emissions (Carbon Brief 2018).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The diagnostic also provided the baseline for the eventual evaluation of the impact of the EntreElles interventions. By the end of 2013, three cycles of the programme had been delivered to a total of 160 women entrepreneurs. However, after the women entrepreneurs were trained, they often reported difficulty in accessing financing. One of the barriers was their lack of know-how in developing bankable proposals and presenting these to banks. In partnership with GIZ and AFEM, they also produced small films of women’s success stories to provide role-models to others and produced a Toolkit for Women’s Entrepreneurship (“Entrepreneurial feminin au Maroc: Boite a outils de la femme entrepreneur”, GTZ and ANPME). By 2012, women accounted for 9.4% of Moussanada clients, 7% of clients in the Infitah programme targeting the acceleration of digital technology use among SMEs with revenues of less than MAD 3 million, 8.8% of Imtiaz clients (supporting businesses with high growth potential that do not need consultancy assistance but require equity to enable further growth), and 4.6% of Inmaa clients, an extensive programme to assist SMEs in their transformation into “lean” production systems and more efficient work organisations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Total tax revenue in per cent of GDP is included as an additional control variable. Denmark is well known for its flexicurity model, which is based on flexible hiring and firing regulations, a generous social safety net and strong active labour market policies. This system has been undergoing important changes over the recent past.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
For instance, information contained in patient records was limited, making it not possible to trace all the amendments that may have been made. The audit raised concerns about the increasing use of social unavailability codes. The proportion of people waiting for inpatient treatment who were given a social unavailability code rose from 11% in 2008 to just over 30% at the end of June 2011.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The law mandates an end to overfishing, promotes market-based management, strengthens the role of science, improves data on recreational fisheries, and includes new measures to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing and to reduce bycatch in global fisheries. Alaskan pollock, menhaden, cod, flatfish, Pacific salmon and hake are the six most important species in terms of volume, while crabs, scallops, shrimp, salmon, and lobster are highest in teims of gross value. The quantity of edible imports was 2.449 million tonnes, 1.542 million tonnes more than the quantity imported in 2011. About 95% of the transfers in 2011 were spent on general services. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Other minority groups reflect the movements during the Soviet period and include: Uighurs (1.5%), Ukrainians (1.3%) and Germans (1.0%) (IAC, 2014). Kazakh is considered the language of the Republic and, according to the 2009 census, is understood by two thirds of the population. Russian is considered the language of inter-ethnic communication as it is understood by virtually everyone (94% of the population). English is understood by 15.4% of the population. The positive discrimination of the Kazakh language to strengthen national identity and to affirm it as the primary language of communication has translated into a growing number of schools using Kazakh as the language of instruction. In 2012, the language of instruction in most of the schools was Kazakh (3 819 schools), followed by Russian (1 394), Uzbek (60), Uighur (14), and Tajik (2) (IAC, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Korea also has FTAs with Singapore, EFTA (The European Free Trade Association, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland), European Union, and United States. In 2012, Korea signed a FTA with Colombia. As of July 2014, Korea is pursuing negotiations with Viet Nam, Indonesia, and China. The FTA with China in particular is expected to have a large impact on the Korean fisheries industry.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Given the variety of technologies, sectors, and scales of technology-transfer interventions, it would be difficult to have a single meaningful indicator that could be aggregated across multiple projects. For instance, the Global Environment Facility’s (GEF) indicator for technology-transfer interventions is qualitative in nature, focusing on capturing the type and maturity of technologies that are being transferred. Mitigation-focused interventions generally seek to reduce GHG emissions directly (e.g. by improving fuel combustion efficiencies) or indirectly and/or in the longer-term (e.g. by increasing awareness about low-GHG technologies). Projects seeking to increase adaptive capacity and resilience can take a number of forms (e.g. awareness and education programmes, institutional reforms, physical infrastructure projects) and have results that accrue at local, regional, or global scales and over different time horizons.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In marked contrast to the situation for youth, employment for prime-age workers fell by a little over 2% in the OECD area, while employment for older workers rose by nearly 2%. The difference in the risk of job loss between temporary and permanent workers was also very large, while employment for the self-employed fell by about as much as overall employment. Youth and temporary workers also have been disproportionately impacted by past recessions, showing cyclical sensitivities 80% and 107% greater than for total employment (Figure 1.3, Panel B).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
On the whole, structural transformation has lagged behind economic growth in the majority of LDCs and, in the absence of drastic measures - including several of the actions identified by the IPoA - these LDCs may ultimately graduate but remain extremely vulnerable and fragile economies. The December 2013 WTO Ministerial Conference in Bali (MC9), which was concluded with the first multilateral trade pact in nearly 20 years of existence of the organisation, has generated hope that the WTO could move away from this impasse. The final outcome of the Bali ministerial was a trade facilitation agreement, along with decisions and declarations on four agricultural issues, and select development-focused provisions - including four that are specific to LDCs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
With the demise of President Mutharika, she became her country’s first female president. Mr Magufuli was elected as CCM’s standard-bearer and he chose Sarnia Hassan as his vice-presidential running mate. She is currently serving as the first female vice-president of Tanzania. Globally, 20 out 193 Heads of State were women, seven of these were from Commonwealth member countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This article explores the process of identity constructions in Central and Eastern Europe through democracy promotion in NATO-PA. Utilizing social group theory and social identity theory, the article is concerned with the processes of socialization and social learning taking place at the agent level, which seem to explain how in-groups and outgroups are formed, and whyagents want to belong to the in-group. It is assumed that the complex process of new identity constructions as part of the effort of joining the dominant in-group cannot be explained purely by reference to the usual theory of the agent based on rationality, but that it has more to do with less tangible factors such as positive self-esteem and a desire to belong to a positively valued in-group.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The democratization of sub-Saharan Africa influences the contestation of sexuality. Democracy gave birth to civil society organizations dedicated to human rights. Aided by globalization, civil society organizations are linked to like-minded groups in the West, leading to the sharing of socio-political tactics and ideologies across geographical boundaries. Since African Christianity opposes homosexuality, churches partner with other civil society groups that reject sexual rights as human rights issues, contributing to the resurgence of protective homophobia. Using the frame of Gutmann’s identity politics, Hancock’s politics of disgust, and Leege et al.’s cultural politics, I explore how identity informs sexual politics. As anti-gay and pro-gay movements seek to direct public policy on sexuality, the democratic contestation of sexuality occurs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Migrants build social networks, which help to strengthen social capital and the informal social protection system. Migrants use informal social protection mechanisms, especially the family and community networks, to manage risks during the transit. Migration is also seen as one of the major factors in breaking traditional community ties, thereby weakening the traditional and informal social protection system in PICs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Enfin, il analyse, a partir des Statistiques de l’OCDE sur la sante, les relations empiriques qui existent entre le chomage et l’utilisation, la qualite et l’efficacite des soins de sante. Dans cette optique, il s’interroge sur la question de savoir si les mesures d’austerite ont contribue a attenuer les effets du chomage sur les resultats en matiere de sante. Pendant les periodes de crise, on observe une deterioration de la sant6 mentale et une augmentation de la frequence des maladies contagieuses , mais le nombre de deces lies a des accidents de la route diminue. La relation entre la situation economique et les resultats d’ensemble en matiere de sante, tels que la mortalite et la qualite des soins, est de moins en moins evidente. Neanmoins, il apparait que plus le taux de chomage est eieve, plus le recours aux soins diminue, ce qui peut avoir des consequences a long terme encore non perceptibles dans les donnees disponibles aujourd’hui.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Obviously, collection companies prefer to serve dense urban centres with high population density and avoid sparsely populated rural areas with a lower-income population. Municipalities need greater control over activities of private collection companies, but the prevailing system of individual contracts, where the house owner signs a contract directly w ith the collection company, makes things difficult for them. The top 10 hold a market share of over 80 per cent, including collection, transport, disposal and the operation of sorting and transfer stations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)