albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Among the new challenges are the trend towards autonomy in academia, the excellence in research initiatives, innovation policy and internationalisation. As a result of these new research policy focus areas, the gender equality efforts in academia have become more diverse and complex in recent years. Although gender equality is a stated objective in academia in the Nordic countries, there are very few comprehensive studies of university and research policy in a gender equality perspective. The intention exists, however.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It can allocate consumption values to the individual groups allowing cities - including those in data scarce environments - to monitor the distribution of resource flows (where and who). This same information can be used as a scenario building tool to simulate the potential impact a policy change can have on the resource flow distribution. In addition, the approach enables countries to report on a consistent set of cities for which progress can be tracked over time in a more systematic and scientific manner.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Parenting programmes can teach notions of equality and offer tools, ideally sensitive to different contexts, for translating those principles into raising girls. Such programmes can stress positive interactions, inform parents about opportunities for dieir daughters, and may provide entry points for moving away from still widely accepted corporal punishment practices. Awareness campaigns can build momentum and encourage large cross-sections of people to start thinking in new ways, such as on birth registration, where one major barrier is parents foiling to understand its importance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The share is higher in most European OECD countries compared to most non-European OECD countries. This development may have slowed or even reversed the previous upward trend in adopting management practices beneficial to water quality for some regions within countries. At the same time, however, rising chemical input prices (fertilisers, pesticides) can have a counter-effect, by inducing farmers to use less of these inputs, assuming no other changes in farm costs/output prices.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This article explores the history of claims to intellectual cultural property as they relate to claims to sovereignty in settler societies by Indigenous groups. The recent Southern African legal victory for San communities to return to their traditional settlements in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve marks an important precedent in which human rights claims constrain and direct the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) discourse. In the context of CSR, and the growth of public–private partnerships, the legal assertion of cultural property and cultural rights marks an important and substantive mode for asserting political autonomy and sovereignty in settler states.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
While the colleges in the region often see the development of the Galilee as a key part of their mission, they often have a focus on education and social sciences and are building their research and links with the business and industry from a low base. However, the Tel Hai Academic College and ORT Braude have already established themselves as quasi-unique providers of engineers and technicians of the interior of the region and increasingly also partners for the regional industries (see Box 3.6.). The college has forged strong links with the Upper Galilee Centre for Knowledge (MIGAL), a privately owned research and development centre located in an industrial park in Kiryat Shmoneh. It comprises 15 different research groups in agrosciences, ecology, therapeutics and analytical chemistry and undertakes research activities in highly advanced laboratories.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In China alone, the number of the poor decreased from 835 million in 1981 to 173 million in 2008, which meant a sharp decrease of China’s poverty rate from 84 to 13 per cent. Progress in several other countries of the region has also been impressive. For the East Asia and Pacific region as a whole, the incidence of poverty declined from 77 to 14 per cent during the period 1981-2008.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
At regional level, too, the railways project will contribute to regional integration and create regional markets for products and sen/ices of the Eastern Africa region. Rail freight will also decrease the country's dependence on fossil fuel imports, which will increase economic stability. The railway will also reduce air pollutants, congestion, noise and accident levels compared to road transport.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. This view of the policy landscape reflects a growing appreciation of the interdependence of policy measures and an understanding that the performance or behaviour of innovation systems requires the adoption of more holistic perspectives. They also extend to the design of new ones.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This chapter aims to define inclusive innovations, as well as outline the challenges and opportunities in scaling innovations to meet the needs of lower-income and excluded groups. Section 2 focuses on the characteristics of inclusive innovation compared to innovation that does not specifically supply lower-income and excluded groups. Section 3 discusses factors that support scaling up inclusive innovations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The ability to align investment decisions with the global climate goal is ever more relevant in the context of increased ambition and the need to avoid carbon lock-in. Investment decisions taken today, in particular involving long life infrastructure, present a significant risk to lock in high carbon pathways. Such risk is increasingly identified by the investment community as it translates into long term financial risks as high carbon assets may become obsolete in the face of increasingly ambitious climate action. One approach4 to develop 2° C investing criteria took the range of 2° C scenarios as a basis to identify the relevance of different technologies and sectors for decarbonisation. The results show that the energy sector along with energy efficiency in buildings, industry and transport are of most relevance for the achievement of the 2° C limit.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Commitments were used as proxy for disbursements for the Caribbean Dev. Bank, Global Environment Facility, IDB Invest, IFAD, DFC, and the Islamic Dev. The USAID Global Health Research and Development Strategy 2017-2022 aims to strengthen the capability of researchers, improve the evidence-base on health and development interventions, and accelerate the development use of health technologies and approaches to address critical unmet needs and emerging challenges. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Complex gender and race relations among Māori and Pākehā feminists permeate the shape, history and status of feminist psychologies in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Our discussion begins with some background to the issues we face in our bicultural partnerships, the history of feminist engagements with Western egalitarianism, and the achievements attributable to egalitarian feminism over the past 40 years. The body of our chapter interweaves the personal experiences of some feminist psychologists in Aotearoa/New Zealand with the theoretical changes and challenges posed by academic work and the practical, social changes and challenges led by activists. We also discuss three movements that infuse our contemporary work: from feminist activism towards the legitimacy of service delivery and knowledge production for and by women, of bicultural feminism towards parallel development and recognition of cultural differences, privileges and authority amongst academic feminists, and a resurgence of resistance to feminist-led social change by anti-feminist men’s groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This article analyzes the legal concept of reviewable life sentences, considering doctrinal precedents and the concept’s applicability in comparative law, in such countries as England, Spain, China, the United States, and others. The article also includes a legal study of the most relevant cases presented to international tribunals, like the European Human Rights Court and the Austrian, Swiss, and German High Courts, where life imprisonment sentences are subject to review after partial completion. Finally, the article analyzes the prohibition of life imprisonment in Colombia that stems from a constitutional mandate as well as from international-treaty commitments, and the legal precedents established by the country’s Constitutional Court and Supreme Court.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Caseworker attitudes toward their clients may also play an important role. Several studies from Switzerland and Germany found that caseworkers who apply tough rather than softer, more co-operative attitudes towards their clients may be more successful (Behncke et al., The authors also find a clear positive correlation between jobseeker outcomes and PES office co-operation with private placement agencies, which may be complementary to direct employer contacts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The test was administered at program entry and at each of the ages indicated. The programme greatly improved outcomes for both participating boys and girls, resulting in a statistically significant rate of return around 7%-10% per annum for both genders (see Heckman et al., Figure 11 shows histograms of measures of non-cognitive skills for the treatment and control groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Typically, most MDWs leave their children in a 'gardorie' or unregulated, home-based day-care centre such as the one run by Tete Mona. These gardories are often run by another migrant woman, and many even provide'day and night'childcare. For instance, I visited a gardorie run by Mama Sara, a Madagascan woman, in Naba, Beirut, where around half the migrant children would be dropped off by their mothers on a Sunday evening and collected at the end of the work week on Friday evening.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
We report odds ratios in Table 12 in the Annex, indicating the change in the odds of a child being deprived in multiple domains (housing, environment, access to basic services and/or financial strain). We do not take income poverty into account for cumulative deprivation but rather consider its role in predicting simultaneous deprivation across domains of non-monetary deprivation. The first factor that significantly increases the odds of experiencing combined deprivations pertains to the family type that children are part of and particularly refers to those living in singleheaded households.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
River basin organisations should be capable of managing a portion of their allocated budget or of raising and allocating their own financial resources while providing a regulatory system for ensuring transparency and accountability. Simultaneously, their dedicated staff should receive the appropriate capacities to manage these resources. On this issue, proposals have been made in front of the Senate to modify the National Water Law in order for river basin organisations and river basin councils to receive financial resources through operation contracts (convenios operativos) (see Chapter 3 on improving economic efficiency and financial sustainability).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Therefore, the proportion of patients re-admitted to hospital within 30 days has been used and collected by the OECD as an indicator of the lack of proper management of mental health conditions outside of hospital (OECD, 2013a). Whilst there are some limitations with regards to this data, including the small number of countries able to distinguish between “planned” and “unplanned” re-admissions to hospital, this can be a useful indicator (OECD, 2013b). Unplanned re-admissions to the same hospital for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Norway are quite high.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Whether these resources originate and ‘flow’ along the same or parallel channels to development assistance, their ultimate destination will be to support climate action in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication at the country level13. To maximise effectiveness, climate and development action will need to be planned and implemented together, resourced by a mix of climate and sustainable development finance, to deliver benefits for both the planet and people. Financing for sustainable development will play a key role in helping developing countries transition to the low carbon, climate-resilient and sustainable pathways needed to achieve the SDGs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In Mauritius, for example, which has had a universal social pension scheme since 1958, the Basic Retirement Pension amounts to around $118 per month, equivalent to about five times the poverty line. To the extent that women rely more heavily on non-contributory benefits than men, the adequacy of these benefits is of major concern from a gender equality perspective. Combining contributory and non-contributory old-age pensions can be an effective way to advance towards national social protection floors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The system is to help collect and distribute information about observed irregularities in recreational landings. In 2017, Denmark initiated a national strategy for recreational angling in order to examine possibilities to further develop angling and fishing tourism, and to promote Denmark as a tourist destination for angling. While the volume of harvest stabilised over the past few years, the industry benefits from higher prices, particularly from the increase of prices on the world market for fishmeal and oil.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
This paper presents a set of data generated and analyzed by the Edu4Sec Project – Effective Education for Improving Data Security Awareness. The project commenced in 2016 and is being implemented by a multidisciplinary team based at the University of Padova. The aim is to improve secondary school students’ data security awareness and develop behaviors and strategies to reduce cyber risks arising from data security issues. Three secondary schools have been involved in a quasi-experimental research design. A training intervention was provided to 116 students engaged in experiential and interactive learning activities related to key concepts of data security. The same intervention was provided to the experimental group of 140 students, supplemented by gamification elements. The paper focuses on the pre- and post-intervention questionnaire results.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It introduced new schemes to facilitate debt-to-equity swaps and other forms of loan restructuring. Importantly, its new bankruptcy code has provided a resolution framework that will help corporates to clean up their balance sheets and reduce their debts. The Government also announced in late 2017 a large recapitalization package, equivalent to about 1.2 per cent of GDR to strengthen the balance sheets of public sector banks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Foreign citizens account for only 0.4% of the population. In an effort to fight child labour, Kazakhstan enabled children of migrant workers, including seasonal migrants, to attend educational institutions with the same rights as Kazakh children in 2012 (Antonowicz, 2013). Rapid growth in the early 2000s drastically slowed down with the global financial crisis of 2008, but rebounded by the end of 2009.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Women were a small proportion of all workers. The money was used for constructing better toilets, education costs, mobile phones and, more occasionally, second-hand cars. However, unlike other countries (where the programme was usually based in departments or ministries of labour), it was based in the Prime Minister’s Department, where a special unit was eventually formed, indicating the significance attached to the scheme.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Locally, employers are engaged in the system particularly through the provision of workplace training. This is a real strength, and there remains a need to sustain and develop this consensus between national government, autonomous communities in the regions of Spain, employers and unions on VET policy. Graduates of upper secondary VET (with VET diplomas) were previously required to restart upper secondary academic programmes in order to spend another two years studying before obtaining the Spanish Baccalaureate - this has now been reduced to one year. This is a welcome and positive development. In Spain, at lower secondary level, the VIP (vocational initial programme) has now adopted this approach as it aims to reintegrate some young people in school through vocational programmes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
A key feature of this revolution is the digital platform - an online intermediary that links producers, consumers and service providers, and takes advantage of its reach and network. Face-to-face purchases are replaced with a click of a keyboard button, and money transfer operators are now an interface on a mobile phone. Digital platforms are also increasingly extending their reach, expanding the services they offer.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes are determined for each cell depending on the risk factors within that cell. The population base is updated every three years to reflect population ageing according to estimates from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Assumptions of changes in the prevalence of modifiable risk factors are based on historical trends. Alternative prevention programs are tested by moving records from cells with higher prevalence of certain risk factors to cells with lower risk factor prevalence.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It discusses the policy mix for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use, including the increasing, albeit still limited, use of economic instruments. The degree of biodiversity mainstreaming into other sectors such as agriculture, fishery and forestry is also addressed. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This is particularly true for individuals working in less innovative sectors and/or living in less innovative regions that suffer from multiple factors of disadvantage (e.g. low skills, low income), as they are less able to move to more innovative activities. For example, between 20% and 65% of total R&D activities take place in the top 20% regions within countries, depending on the country. These regions also concentrate around 30% of tertiary-educated workers and about half of patent applications of their respective countries (Figure 4).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
As economic growth gains momentum, STI activities should increase. However, the recovery remains uneven. The crisis caused lasting damage to public finances, creating a “new deal” for STI policies, which must consider the risks and opportunities raised by the continuing globalisation of STI activities: global value chains and the international circulation of people and knowledge. Innovation should help address global, environmental and societal challenges and raise new policy challenges.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
After piloting the programme for about half a year, a first up-scaling was undertaken in June 2006 by extending it to two schools per district, and then subsequently to five schools per district. It has been suggested the GNSP and its predecessor might have been directly influenced by the transnational poverty agenda of the 2000s. However, Grebe (2015) draws attention to the "largely domestic" roots of these two policy frameworks. He traces their adoption to the identification of extreme poverty as a major impediment to the country's ambition of attaining middle-income status, particularly during the implementation period of the country's first Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP): Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS) I 2003-2005.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The emergence of a ‘new world economy’ makes it imperative for corporate entities to adjust their corporate values, practices and internal processes. This paper explored the interrelatedness of selected corporate governance practices and human resource management outcomes. The paper relied on established corporate management theories as a platform for empirical consideration of selected issues relative to four established players in Nigeria’s downstream petroleum sector. A descriptive method was adopted and data was collected via a survey of 112 respondents. Contextual arguments were captured to achieve a robust appreciation of issues affecting individual participation and operations of corporate entities. The study found that there is a significant relationship between corporate governance practices and human resource management outcomes. Requisite conclusions and recommendations were provided in the light of empirical and theoretical findings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This was an important consideration, given that rising food prices in 2008, coupled with declining wages in 2009, led to an overall deterioration in real wages, with the share of undernourished in the world increasing for the first time since 1969 (when data collection began). In Brazil, in the Egyptian textile sector and in South Africa, unemployment increased. In Uganda and the Egyptian tourism sector wages declined.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The following section reviews the theoretical and real impact of standardised testing on teaching. This behaviour is manifested in a teacher increasingly teaching test-taking skills (such as tips for multiple choice tests or focusing on essay w'riting) or by using test items or similar items in their instmction (Popham, 1999). Popham differentiates between teaching to the test - which he refers to as “item-teaching” - and instruction which aims to focus on the subject matter that will be covered in the test, “curriculum-teaching” (Popham, 1999).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It systematically counts the number of valuation studies for each relevant ecosystem service and concludes that the number of studies is limited in all the Nordic countries. In their case study encompassing valuation of the effects of pesticide-free buffer zones along field margins, the authors found that respondents were willing to accept an increase in the price of bread of DKK 0,57 (4 per cent) if the survival of partridge chickens increased by 10 percent points. Based on their findings, the authors of the report conclude that economic valuation studies of the effects of pesticide use can be performed based on current knowledge and existing methods. The beneficiaries of the restoration measures were the residents of Helsinki, with foreseen benefits including both use and non-use values.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The assessments of the individual transboundary surfitce and groundwaters in this subregion can be found in the Chapters 5 and 6 of Section IV (drainage basins of the Black Sea and of the Mediterranean Sea). The assessment of transboundary waters in SEE also contains assessment of a number of selected Ramsar Sites. Besides the assessed Ramsar Sites, there arc important transboundary wetland areas elsewhere in SEE, e.g., the delta of Maritsa/Evros/Meri^ River (a part of it is also a Ramsar Site), as well as important human-made wetlands, such as reservoir lakes and fish farming ponds along the Drava, Mura and smaller rivers in SEE.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)