albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Total funds are released according to the timeline presented in Table 3. These so-called "social tariffs" are not linked to LpT, but available also to urban consumers. Those who use up to 30 kWh per month pay only 35% of the regular residential tariff, while those consuming between 31 kWh and 80 kWh per month pay the reduced tariff of 60% of the regular residential tariff.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Thus article 11(1) of CEDAW requires States only to ensure the ‘same’ rights for women and men in relation to the rights to work, to employment opportunities, to free choice of profession, promotion, job security and training, to equal remuneration, to social security and to protection of health and safety at work, including safeguarding reproduction. Article 3 ofthe ICCPR simply requires State parties to‘ensure the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all civil and political rights set forth in the present Covenant’. However, it is now well established that the same treatment for men and women is unlikely to bring about change. Thus in order to address women's inequality, it is necessary to focus on the specificity of women’s disadvantage, particularly by recognizing the link between discrimination in the home and discrimination at work and the extent to which women’s primary responsibilityfor childcare and unpaid work in the home impacts on theirabilityto access good quality paid work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The subject of this article is public participation in the NAAEC. It will be analysed against the background of certain other international conventions that make provision, in one way or another, for public participation in relation to environmental protection, in particular, the 1998 Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (the ‘Aarhus Convention’) and the 1974 Convention on the Protection of the Environment between Denmark, Finland and Sweden (the ‘Nordic Convention’). The 1950 European Convention of Human Rights will also be referred to in so far as it secures public participation and from the point of view of its effectiveness in assisting in the enforcement of national environmental law. Reference to these instruments will, however, be limited to that which is relevant to the present essay.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Two cost types define the viability of an investment - capital cost (CAPEX) and operational cost (OPEX). Due to the cryogenic nature of LNG and respective technologies, CAPEX is higher than for a ship using traditional fuel that is compliant with the emissions regulations. However, if compliance with emissions regulations cannot be guaranteed by the choice of fuel alone and exhaust treatment technologies need to be installed, the disadvantage in CAPEX is reduced for gas-fuelled ships.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
France is a currently developing a national assessment on ecosystems and ecosystem services, with an explicit target of restoration of at least 15% of degraded ecosystems (Fiorina et al., This assessment is expected to include a component valuating ecosystem services. Brazil has begun to include the value of water resources in national accounts and is aiming to develop forest economic accounting as a next step (OECD, 2015b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Corporate Strategies for South East Asia After the Crisis: A Comparison of Multinational Firms from Japan and Europe, Macmillan Press, Houndmills Basingstoke, Hampshire. The actual transfer work is conducted by nearly 700 Steinbeis Transfer Centres which are independent, flexible, decentralised and close to their customers. The centres work annually on more than 21 000 commissions, providing solutions to problems not only in various technology sectors, but also in all fields of the economy and the design world.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Not all development processes may, however, be full. Some may become stuck along the way, with persistently high levels of inequality. It is not clear whether these economies are merely going through a difficult phase and will soon see the light at the end of the tunnel, or whether they may indeed be stuck indefinitely.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
How ought the courts to approach a question under the European Convention on Human Rights which has not four-square been settled by the European Court of Human Rights at Strasbourg? This article argues in favour of an approach to Convention rights by national courts that focuses on the principles to be found in the ECHR as developed by the European Court. This is in some contrast to the approach currently adopted by the majority of the UK Supreme Court, in for example Ambrose. The suggested approach is more in line with the general approach of the common law to legal precedent, which for more than a hundred years has been that the courts in reaching their decision in each case draw upon the principles established in earlier authorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Ultimately this allows city-regions to pool devolved funding with local resources to deliver transport, training and urban regeneration (Larkin and Marshall, 2008). The concept of a micropolitan area was created by the United States Census and features a smaller nucleus the metropolitan statistical area. A Micropolitan Statistical Area is a Core Based Statistical Area associated with at least one urban cluster that has a population of at least 10 000, but less than 50 000. There are a number of cases where partnerships and contracts have been concluded with recently created metropolitan authorities, though largely as ad hoc sectoral partnerships.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In 2008, the number of women contesting elections and running for office further increased. Dr Fehmida Mirza became the first female Speaker of the National Assembly in Pakistan’s democratic history, and initiated the network to harness their collective ability and start a dialogue on women’s rights and empowerment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The data are on the citizens of all CIS States (except for Belarus and Kazakhstan) having the largest presence in the country. However, migration flows from these three countries have different gender patterns, as shown in the next section. In the flow of the citizens from Kyrgyzstan to the Russian Federation, the share of women is higher than average for the CIS-sending States whereas among citizens of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan the shares are lower than average.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
People live longer, although large disparities by gender and socioeconomic group remain. The Belgian health system performs well in saving the lives of people requiring acute care. One of the main challenges is to strengthen prevention and primary care to achieve further gains in population health and reduce health inequalities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The total resources distributed through this system have declined and became negligible in 2009-2010.14 There have also been some concerns regarding transparency of the process in awarding preferences. These VAT exemptions apply only to products which are not available or produced in Ukraine. In 2010, only a few among the major Ukrainian energy companies included special sections dedicated to environmental issues on their websites, but the situation in this area has been rapidly evolving, partly under the influence of foreign firms that introduce their home country’s corporate practices in Ukraine.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Targets or indicators for measurement would track the success of these programmes in improving population health, and improving equity in population health. Closer examination and evaluation of polices targeting risk factors would be appropriate. Furthermore the administrative cost of implementing the tax was deemed to be unacceptably high.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
No price rise for those consuming less than lOOkWh per month. A number of direct payments (subsidies) have been made to address this. In September 2000 indexing was suspended as it became politically difficult to sustain due to high international prices (Verme, El-Massnaoui, & Araar, 2014). The justification for subsidies was to ensure price stability, consumer purchasing power, and the promotion of selected industrial sectors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
There is strong representation of women in both WUAs and BUAs, as well as the community water committees they support. In addition to participating in policy decisions on the boards of directors, women are actively involved in the maintenance of water systems and record-keeping. Their participation in leading positions in water associations and committees is between 50 and 70 per cent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
As the tax rate is no higher for higher incomes, it does not affect the family’s disposable income whether one partner earns all income alone or whether both partners do. In joint tax systems like Germany’s, or family-based regimes, such as France’s quotient familial, partners’ eamings are pooled and assessed at the same marginal rate. As the tax rate is based on partners’ joint income, it is irrelevant how much each partner contributes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The Director General of CONAGUA is one of the 16 members of this council that advises the SENER on its energy policy making (e.g. proposal of criteria) and the design of energy planning measures for the medium and long term. The council also participates in the elaboration of the National Energy Strategy. The board meets every four months and oversees all activities of the IMTA. It decides on the classification or inexistence of information and supervises the application of specifics criteria for the conservation of documents and archive. The Technical Committee comprises representatives from SHCP, SCT, SEMARNAT, SECTUR, BANOBRAS and the National Credit Society. Its mission is to approved the acts necessary for the FONADIN to carry out its functions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The sector plays a prominent role in the economy of particularly Finland and Sweden. The total biomass stock is expected to grow and the net annual increment is expected to remain positive in coming decades as well. Forest management practices such as fertilizing, thinning in an optimised way, lengthening rotation are clearly having a positive effect on the growth of biomass and carbon sinks in forests. However, collecting harvesting residues for bioenergy use may have negative effects on growth and carbon stock of forests.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In almost all countries, women more often change working time than men, and women are also more likely to move in and out of the labour force. Age patterns of labour mobility are different for men and women and can partly explain the gender wage gap as women i) have more stable careers when they are young, ii) more often change their professional situation at prime age (driven by moves in and out of the labour force), and iii) less often go through a professional change when above 55 years old. The missing labour transitions (change of job, employer or contract type) at the early stages in their career significantly shape women’s careers: job chum at this crucial time in one’s career has the highest effect on wage growth and helps in finding the right job.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
See IEA (2008b) and IEA (2011a) for a discussion. As a result, the ambitious targets by 2050 for low-carbon energy in general, and renewable energy on a large scale, have considerable implications for competitive energy markets. The optimal mix of conventional generation to support increased variable renewable generation and ensure security of electricity supply will be different from the most economic mix prior to the introduction of large amounts of variable energy resources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The need for innovation and new green and inclusive business models also provides an opportunity for companies to contribute to green growth and climate action on a profitable basis, by developing new products and services, diversifying their business streams, as well as reaching new targets. A survey of the heads of ‘Caring for Climate’ members, a coalition of businesses under the UN Global Compact, found that over half viewed climate change as a driver of growth and innovation in their companies over the next five years (UN Global Compact/Accenture, 2015). Furthermore, green sectors have experienced higher-than-average growth rates over the last few years, for example, the ‘green and renewable energy’ sector ranks first globally in compounded annual growth rates (CAGR) in revenues by sectors over 2012-2017, as shown by NYU Stern which tracks historical CAGR in revenues and net income by sectors. In the same time span, the total global market CAGR in revenues was 6.45% for comparison (NYU Stern, 2017).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
For those aged between 3 and 5 years old, services have historically been (and continue to be) dominated by the comprehensive ecole maternelle (preschool) system - public, centre-based services that, like the Swedish preschools, are considered a core part of the national educational system. Even as early as 1960-61 the ecole maternelle system catered to around 63.3% of children aged between 3 and 5, although considerable expansion during the 1960s and 1970s saw coverage widen to roughly 97% by 1980-81 (Bouysse etal., Since 1989, all 3-to-5 year-olds have been entitled to a place in the local ecole maternelle, with participation steady at (or effectively at) 100% ever since (ibid.).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
President Obama’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing advised law enforcement agencies to ‘[e]stablish a culture of transparency and accountability in order to build public trust and legitimacy’ (2...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
All of this has made climate change a very tangible issue. The last report of the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has made it clear that climate change is man-made and will have serious consequences all over the world, particularly in poor countries. The ice is melting much faster than envisaged just a few years ago.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
There was also broad participation of district and community-level stakeholders in its development. Through this consultation, the NBSAP provides an overview of all the existing conservation work, by different government agencies and NGOs, being undertaken across a range of themes, including wetlands, protected areas and reducing trade in endangered species. Minister of Forests and Soil Conservation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Both are still present in Brazilian society and although the ANA is clearly a product of the “first trend”, it has to accept and deal with a sector of public policy very much influenced by the “second trend”. Aboriginal communities, the Lake Simcoe Conservation Authority, the province, agricultural and industrial sectors, interest groups and the public. The process allowed diverse stakeholders to provide input on potential actions, including designated policies within the plan that have legal weight to protect sensitive parts of that watershed. The final plan was approved by the Ontario Cabinet.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
▪ Abstract New works by five young political scientists are establishing a new paradigm for studying judicial review. In different ways, Terri Peretti, Ran Hirschl, George Lovell, Kevin McMahon, and Thomas Keck point out that judicial review is established and maintained by elected officials. Adjudication is one of many means that politicians and political movements employ when seeking to make their constitutional visions the law of the land. Elected officials provide vital political foundations for judicial power by creating constitutional courts, vesting those courts with jurisdiction over constitutional questions, staffing those courts with judges prone to exercising judicial power, assisting or initiating litigation aimed at having those courts declare laws unconstitutional, and passing legislation that encourages justices to make public policy in the guise of statutory or constitutional interpretation. Judicial review does not serve to thwart or legitimate popular majorities, rather, it is a practice...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
South and South-West Asia remains completely dependent upon imports of fossil fuels, except for the Islamic Republic of Iran which is a net exporter of such fuels. The subregion has much to gain from regional cooperation in energy supply and consumption. Widening access to clean and efficient energy, including grid-connected/decentralized power, is a key component of development efforts currently being pursued in the subregion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
With the exception of the Cook Islands, Nauru, and Tuvalu, most of PICs show below average coverage, varying between 22 per cent in Fiji to 1 per cent in PNG (table 3). The social protection expenditure going to the poor is quite insignificant within the Pacific region. The value is much lower in the Pacific region (11 per cent) when compared to the 23 per cent in Asia (Baulch and others, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Recent changes in accreditation standards now require professors to systematically assess whether a teacher candidate actually possesses a “disposition” appropriate to the profession. This new mandate from accreditation bodies is controversial on a number of fronts. As social studies educators in particular, we like to think of ourselves as especially attentive to issues such as individual differences and rights, indoctrination, prejudice, intolerance, freedom of expression, maturation, and the worth of the individual—all of which are potentially raised by the NCATE and NCSS mandates. And as a practical matter, it places new stresses on the role of professors as both mentors and gatekeepers. In this article, two social studies teacher educators provide an overview of current theory and debate regarding dispositions, an assessment of practical problems associated with the accreditation accountability mandates, and—in spite of the persistent problems associated with defining and assessing dispositions—offer...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Out-of-pocket costs or net costs to parents are determined by child care fees minus cash benefits, rebates and tax concessions, as well as other relevant benefits. For such dual-earner couples, the average out-of-pocket expenses across the OECD for two children in full-time care are around 17% of AW. However, centre-based formal care is most expensive in English-speaking countries (save Australia), where net costs are above 40% of the average wage. In Germany, the net child care costs for such a dual-earning family type are 11.2% of average wage - well below the OECD average.7 While child care costs matter to German parents, the main disincentive for second earners remains the joint income tax system (OECD, 2007b, 2015e, 2016a, Rastrigina and Verashchagina, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In Germany and the United States they were about five percentage points more likely to report so. By contrast, in the Netherlands and Canada, they were equally likely to report so. Research shows that receiving frequent feedback from the science teacher was associated with emotional resilience among immigrant students (OECD, 2018[9j). On average across OECD countries, immigrant students were six percentage points more likely than native students to report being frequently treated unfairly by their teachers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Combining working life and family life needs to be further developed and companies need to rethink their employment and career models, as well as working hours. Active labour market programmes tend to focus on lone mothers, who get stronger support to (re)-enter the labour market than married women. Only if Japan makes big efforts in the above-mentioned areas will it be possible to significantly increase the utilisation of the female labour force in more productive workplaces. New policy orientations tackle the problem of non-regular workers. Freeters are one target group and the government is promoting the conversion of temporary and other types of precarious jobs into more stable employment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Also, the start of operations of Tamiz Shahar JSC was broadly publicized in the local press and on the Internet, and a meeting with NGOs was held at the Balakhani disposal site. Total land area affected by the dumping of waste is estimated at nearly 450 ha. The largest sites include Azizbeyov, Balakhani, Garadagh and Surakhani (Table 8.2). These sites were created or appeared in the past when the city management did not have the technical and financial resources to ensure concentration of MSW at a single disposal site, and their permanent use was not envisaged.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Since the adoption of the Rio marker system, the information on support to the environment, including climate, desertification and biodiversity has incrementally improved. A revised definition of the climate markers and a guidance table to improve scoring, have been included in the revised Converged Statistical Reporting Directives of the OECD (OECD, 2016c). Overall, the new transparency framework for climate finance and the commitment to greater transparency of financing for sustainable development (UN, 2015a, UN, 2015b) will play an important role in enabling countries to hold each other to account, and in enabling citizens and communities around the world to hold their governments to account.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Inflation increased in 2014 in 14 of the 20 countries listed in table 1.1, with particularly rapid retail price growth in the Bolivarian Republic ofVenezuela (68.5%) and Argentina (23.9%). The biggest drops in absolute terms were in Panama (from 3.7% in 2013 to 1.0% in 2014) and the Dominican Republic (from 3.9% in 2013 to 1.6% in 2014). The lowest inflation in 2014 was in El Salvador, where the rate was an estimated 0.5%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This is particularly important for interventions which are designed to change some aspects of parenting behaviour, such as use of physical punishment. This should pay particular attention to differences arising from age, gender, ethnicity, religion or social class. Other areas of interest should include household structure and care arrangements (for example the adolescent's main carer may be a relative, like an older brother or sister). Additionally, attention should be given to community norms, particularly adolescent's transition to adulthood, and the impact migration and modernisation have on these. In light of the fact that parenting programmes involve engaging closely with parents on difficult and sensitive challenges, their role in encouraging sustained participant attendance and strengthening protective practices in the community should not be under-estimated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
More specifically, the chapter consists of four main sections - family law, physical integrity, nationality and access to justice - that are key elements affecting women’s participation in the public sphere. The first section analyses provisions in family law that affect women in the private domain. The second deals with actions taken by governments to promote the protection of physical integrity through: legal frameworks, data collection and monitoring, law enforcement and legal services, and an action plan to combat violence. The third section addresses equality in nationality law, while the final section on access to justice highlights factors influencing awareness and understanding of women’s rights, mechanisms to access justice and the social barriers that inhibit such access.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)