albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The English mental health care system, which operates predominantly under the National Health Service, but also under Public Health England and alongside government Local Authorities, is made up of primary and specialist care (“secondary care” and “tertiary care”), and social care. Comprehensive mental health care is also likely to include some input from social care services, both services funded and run by Public Health England and local social services run by Local Authorities. Government-funded and state-run mental health care services are sometimes supplemented by voluntary services and by private services paid for by the NHS, especially for medium and low security care (see section 3.2, section 4.3.ii).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
They had very little money, and the stipend, food and clothes from UNHCR were not enough for their needs. As a young teenager in Nairobi, she was also vulnerable to sexual harassment and violence. In retrospect, this was the main reason she agreed to marry a Kenyan Muslim man who was a shopkeeper in their neighbourhood. Rabiya was pregnant at the time, and her first son was subsequently born in Australia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
To be effective, this approach requires the support of a broader national strategy that involves users in water policy decision-making and implementation. The approach recognises that the general population, once organised and educated, is an essential partner in water programming, which cannot be the sole prerogative of governments. It has put in place mechanisms that provide for the sustainable implementation, management and maintenance of projects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Moreover, achieving VfM for the public sector is an explicit goal of the law. It is not clear which entity will have the ultimate decision-making authority for PPP project proposals. At present, the Economic Development Committee, a high-level body comprised of ministers, has decided on which projects will be developed, either through traditional procurement or through private sector participation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
At ICMBio alone there is a workforce deficit of 7 000 people, including employees, firefighters and volunteers, though new hiring processes have helped reduce the gap at the federal level in recent years. According to the TCU (2013), in 2012 one-quarter of federal and state protected areas in the Amazon region had no staff, only three protected areas reported that the number of staff was sufficient. Attracting staff for the long term has proved difficult in some areas, notably remote parts of the Amazon, where working and living conditions (e.g. health, education, housing, transport) are demanding.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The paper discusses advances and setbacks in constitutional law and international law in the postwar period. Analyzes the world emerges more equal normative guidance after the UN Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Covenants of 1966, approaching a global constitutionalism, but remains uneven in factual plan. The research was conducted through literature review.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Promoting measures to boost competition and coverage, such as number portability and domestic roaming, will be important for continued growth. This will ensure that the capacity will be available to competitive service providers on a non-discriminatory basis at transparent and cost-based tariffs. Community (CEMAC), with ITU, CEMAC, World _r , , , , . Bank etc • Strengthen the capacity of the justice sector to address ICT issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
However, in many cases, studies aim to be comprehensive and therefore include a very large number of resources and pollutants. A technique often used for dealing with this complexity is to group together all pollutants that cause similar kinds of harm, for example those that are toxic to humans, those that are related with climate change and those that can lead to eutrophication. Special factors are then used for converting the effect of different substances into a common unit.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
This trend is expected to continue as a result of growth in incomes. A number of studies have looked at the environmental consequences of consumption of animal-source food, usually focusing on GHG emissions and land use (INRA and CIRAD, 2009, Erb et al., Using life cycle assessments, they generally conclude that alternative diet scenarios with less animal-source food could contribute to reducing global GHG emissions, and have positive impacts on human health. Healthy diets also feature dairy products in moderation, unsalted seeds and nuts, small quantities of fish and aquatic products, and very limited intake of processed foods that are high in fat, sugar or salt and low in micronutrients (FAO and FCRN, 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This point may be crucial for policy purposes. To put this simplistically, if care activities are taking people away from the labour market, policies should focus on providing formal care or promoting employment patterns that are more compatible with care duties. If, on the other hand, it is a lack of job opportunities that is leading people to devote themselves to care activities, the emphasis should be on the employment prospects of the caregivers, not on the market for the provision of care, since these individuals would not be able to change their employment situation even if opportunities were available (Heitmueller, 2007).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Older persons usually suffer from a combination of these diseases (WHO, 2011). The socioeconomic potential cost of these diseases has risen sharply with population ageing and may affect economic growth (WHO, 2011). Furthermore, the burden of non-communicable diseases is projected to increase, especially in low-income countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Usually such outcome payments are focussed on intermediate outcomes, for instance controlled blood pressure or blood glucose level, and only more rarely outcome measures such as survival rates. In the inpatient sector the share of provider revenue is much smaller, frequently around 0.1% of hospital budgets and never exceeding 4% (Milstein and Schreyogg, 2015). While P4P programmes can be expected to include at least some performance or outcome measures, most if not all P4P programmes also include simpler ex-post payments linked to service delivery (e.g. completion of certain data and recording, care plan establishment).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Given that a third of the world’s poor live in fragile states, it is essential to consider whether and how processes of empowerment and pro-poor growth might differ in fragile contexts and how donors might support these processes. There is therefore a need to carefully analyse the specific weaknesses and failings of each “fragile” state and society in order to provide appropriate support. Societies where conflict and deprivation have weakened people’s physical and intellectual capabilities e.g. low levels of education, skills, poor health etc. Societies where conflict and deprivation have weakened co-operation and collective action and there may be significant levels of mistrust between groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Deprivation in housing habitability is understood to exist when it fails to provide its occupants with a minimum level of protection from the natural and social environment. This means that the dwelling fails to provide protection against various environmental factors (such as rain or humidity), as well as privacy and comfort for basic biological and social activities (Feres and Mancero, 2001). According to the United Nations (2013) all persons should possess a degree of security of tenure which guarantees legal protection against forced eviction and other threats, and enables them to live in peace and dignity. Unlike the United Nations (2013), which considers security of tenure to be safeguarded by common law, here it is deemed to be protected by civil (written) law only. People occupying dwellings illegally (squats) or living in loaned housing are thus deemed not to have secure tenure. In 2010, the United Nations affirmed the human right to water and sanitation, since both are essential for preventing undernutrition, infectious diseases and maternal and child mortality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
A night bus network, called “Owl Bus”, has operated at night since 2014 and is currently running eight lines, with an adjustment of routes based on big data. The vision is the highest level transport plan at the local level and revolves around three main axes: people, sharing and the environment. Under these 3 axes, the vision puts forward 11 goals together with specific implementation goals. The expected outcomes approaching the target year 2030 include: an increase in the modal share of green modes (e.g. walking, cycling, public transport) from 70% today to 80%, and a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from 1.2 tonnes/year today to 0.8 tonnes/year.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Conflict in one country shaves an estimated 0.5 percentage points off the annual rate of growth in a neighbouring country (Collier et al., It can create a refugee population, disrupt trade, provoke an arms race, provide a haven for rebels, and itself become theatre of a new war. This chapter aims to make a contribution by painting a picture of youth in employment and unemployment, the needs they have and the obstacles they face.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
At the same time, governments also expect local people to help in forest protection and conservation. Development of participatory forestry, local forest management initiatives and land allocation have helped to improve forest management. Villages and communities that manage their own forests have demonstrated greater ownership of their resources, identified forest values and benefits and redirected development decisions in a way that enables SFM, forest conservation and forest regeneration.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Thus, SBSTA 41 (2014) activities included a report on lessons learnt and good practices relating to adaptation planning processes. In addition, SBSTA co-ordinates the Nairobi Work Programme (NWP). The work of the “Consultative Group of Experts” (CGE) is under the SBI, and includes work including identifying best practices and lessons learnt in compiling national reports under the UNFCCC, as well as in developing training materials on vulnerability and adaptation assessments (SBI, 2014c).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It has been decreasing almost continuously since the transition, except for a slight rebound in 2009-2010. To some extent, this is linked to the association of some of the trade union leaders with the former Soviet period. Trade unionists are often perceived as people with obsolete approaches and trade unions generally lack legitimacy in the country, although the trust in trade unions amongst the Lithuanian population appears to have increased since 2000 according to Eurobarometer (OECD, 2017[i9]).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
A recent study of energy management practices in Thai cement and textile industries found that changing operational practices was an important enabler of industrial energy-efficiency measures (Hasanbeigi, Menke and du Pont 2010). Submetering and billing individual cost centres for energy use is one way to motivate change. Whether submetering makes sense depends on the balance of energy costs, the potential for energy saving, and the investment, staff and operational costs required to set up the submcters (Box 5.3). Responsibility for capital costs might not match responsibility for operating costs, and the transaction costs of reducing operating costs might outweigh the potential savings (Sorrell, Mallett and Nye 2011).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In some cases, development-as-usual activities should contribute to reducing climate vulnerability, while others can inadvertently increase it. Guidance has been provided by the OECD and others to facilitate this process (OECD, 2009), but it is not clear which approach has been adopted by the Austrian Development Agency to facilitate the mainstreaming of climate adaptation into its work. Explicit monitoring and evaluation of the approach would help ensure that it is achieving its desired objectives, and inform the development of future interventions. These estimates do not include casualties.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Piketty (2010) found for France that the flow of inter vivos gifts and inheritances also came down sharply from the beginning of the twentieth century until the 1970s. Particularly the stock market boom in the late 1990s has driven up wealth concentration at the top. At least in France, inheritances and inter vivos gifts have risen again in importance over the past 30 years and stood at 15% of national income in 2008, nearly as high as a century ago (Piketty, 2008). Gift and inheritance taxes influence the wealth distribution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Disaggregating the indicator by type of housing conditions gives further information on the severity of inadequate living conditions. A decline of this indicator is a sign of progress on the corruption component of good governance. Good governance is essential for sustainable development. Intentional homicides, as well as violent crimes, have a very significant negative impact on sustainable development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Not accounting for these costs may also give a false sense of efficiency gains: the ‘savings’ made from the retrenchment of public services may be considered an improvement when the cost of shifting the burden and thus adding to unpaid household work remains hidden and invisible. Most public and private spending on children, for example, is classified as consumption expenditure. However, a strong case can be made that these expenditures represent an investment in future human capacities and should be accounted for separately from consumption expenditure.6 Unpaid childcare activities represent a similar investment but are not counted at all in macroeconomic statistics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Even then cashew nuts remained one of Mozambique’s leading exports and were a source of income for almost one million families or approximately five million people (McMillan et al. Storage capacity is also important and farmers who can afford to store their raw cashew and sell them towards the end of the season could obtain a much higher price. Small-scale traders operating in distinct areas of 5 to 8 villages, usually at a distance from main roads, would purchase the whole local production, ranging from 5 to 12 tonnes annually, and resell to larger traders or wholesalers located in bigger towns on main trading routes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Disaster risk governance is a function of institutions at multiple levels of government to predict and effectively respond to threats posed by global changes such as urbanization, climate and demographic change. An important determinant of government’s effectiveness in responding to environmental threats could be levels of administrative and political decentralization. In Chap. 3, we discussed two case studies and examined how results-based financing (RBF) models could support a strategy for the delivery of water and sanitation services. In this chapter, we outline tentative research propositions to discuss the role of decentralization in predicting and responding to disaster risk. We also outline the applications of a Nexus Observatory by discussing the role of the following tools: nexus index, data visualization, scenario analysis, and benchmarking. We argue that the above tools could support the use of RBF approaches that strengthen accountability in revenue and expenditure decisions of local authorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The licensing system for surface water abstraction and for wastewater discharges was eliminated. According to the 2007 Law on Environmental Impact Permits EIPs are required for new developments and already operating industries w'hich started their activities up to 1996 (before the Law on Environmental Permits came into force). Currently, the legislation on water resource management contains many contradictory provisions, which limits its implementation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The BWF organises specialised training to encourage women to integrate in the business sector and to develop their abilities to run companies, strengthens networking between Palestinian businesswomen with their counterparts abroad, represents and defend the interests of its members within the appropriate authorities, and hosts seminars and workshops on various topics, such as dealing with the regulatory and legal environment. The BWF also cooperates with the global BiDNetwork project in delivering the “business plan competition for women entrepreneurs in emerging markets” project in the Palestinian Authority. Its major role is providing training to Palestinian women on how to do a business plan so they can compete. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In the last three steps articles we have considered the power given to the Secretary of State under section 60 of the Health and Social Care Act 2001 to make regulations on disclosure of patient information, the role of the Patient Information Advisory Group in scrutinising draft regulations permitting disclosure of patient information and the recent regulations which have been made by the Secretary of State. This steps article considers the implications of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the right to privacy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In other countries, especially Belgium, Canada, New Zealand and Portugal, the gender difference in individuals’ ability to cope with a shock appears to be smaller once gender differences in financial knowledge are also taken into account. This suggests that, at least in some countries, gender differences in financial knowledge are associated with differences in financial resilience, and that improving women’s financial knowledge could help them to set up more successful financial strategies to face negative shocks. Some governments continue to address the needs of girls and women as part of co-ordinated national strategies for financial education, as in Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Israel, Lebanon and Turkey.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The main key to proliferation is concern about forest certification among consumers of timber and paper products. The annual average volume of emissions resulting from the reduction of forest and land-use change was 1.6 Gt of carbon ± 0.8 Gt of carbon, which is thought to be mainly due to deforestation of tropical forests. Furthermore, net capture by land ecosystems was estimated at 0.7 Gt of carbon ± 0.8 Gt of carbon, but this was considered mainly the result of an increase in forest stock in the Northern Hemisphere (Kobayashi, 2005: 30).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
For example, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka grant market access preferences under the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) to four least developed country members (Bangladesh, Bhutan, the Maldives and Nepal) (see annex II for additional examples). For example, in 2001, the European Union (EU) adopted the “Everything But Arms” (EBA) initiative, granting duty-free access to imports of all products from LDCs— except arms and munitions—without any quantitative restrictions. The EBA initiative, however, also includes temporary exceptions on tariff lines of potential importance to LDCs (rice and sugar).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Some intermediaries have had to use bridging funding to enable projects to progress because of the delays in receiving the programme funding. Others, such as state governments and municipalities, have preferred not becoming intermediaries in some cases because of the delays involved, and have sought to find other ways to provide direct support to companies, albeit with less resources. State governments, for example, have in some cases sought to be agile enough to try and work at the same speed as industry, but feel the support of the national federal programme - while potentially enlarging the pool of funds - slows down their ability to respond to local business need.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
It prepared and hosted the fifth Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (Forest Europe) in Warsaw in 2007.8 The conference resulted in two Warsaw Resolutions: “Forests, Wood and Energy” and "Forests and Water”. During Poland’s holding of the EU Presidency in the second half of 2011, the MoE and the LP convened several meetings of EU forest directors as well as meetings on sustainable forest management in the context of climate change. The MoE has always supported negotiations on a legally binding agreement on forests in Europe. In 2013 it hosted the fourth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Legally Binding Agreement on Forests in Europe.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Planned City Extensions can prevent the leap-frogging over vast areas that generates wasteful and speculative areas within the city and results in prohibitive costs for urban services and infrastructure provision in distant places. When deployed next to existing neighbourhoods, these planned extensions offer urban dwellers the possibility to live, work, rest and play in close proximity to consolidated urban areas. This first lever of change contributes to more efficient and sustainable development patterns steering urban expansion towards areas that are more suited for positive urbanization.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Today on-line services are the cornerstone of on-line applications such as e-commerce, e-government and e-health applications. However, they raise several challenges about data privacy. Accountability, which is the property of an entity of being responsible for its acts, meets some of these challenges and hence increases user's trustworthiness in on-line applications. In this work, we propose an approach to assist the design of accountable applications. In particular, we consider an application's abstract component design and we introduce a logical approach allowing various static verifications. This approach offers effective means to early check the design and the behavior of an application and its offered/required services. We motivate our work with a realistic use case coming from the A4Cloud project and validate our proposal with experiments using a theorem prover.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
These required characteristics, that in their most systematic form could be attributed to education for sustainable development (ESD), have important implications. The DESD aims at encouraging governments to include ESD into their educational systems, strategies and development plans. It is, “in its broadest sense, education for social transformation with the goal of creating more sustainable societies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the authors. Comments on the present Working Paper are welcomed and may be sent to Liwavwav.Adkins@oecd.org. Development Co-operation Directorate, OECD, 2 rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Unfair commercial use (Article 39.3, TRIPS Agreement, first sentence). Note that a number of bilateral and regional FrAs make the latter approach mandatory. Article 15.10.1(c) of the United States - CAFTA FTA: “For purposes of this paragraph, a new product is one that does not contain a chemical entity that has been previously approved in the territory of the Party.” (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)