albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Germany, the EU and Switzerland, also major providers of climate-related development finance, have committed to finance a relatively large number of projects, notably on adaptation for water resource management, agriculture and forestry, but also on mitigation. Bilateral donors also provide climate-related development finance through MDBs and climate funds, whose amount is included in the figures on the multilateral channels. The channels to deliver climate finance have also become more diverse than ever.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Safe and adequate shelter, health and counselling services should be made available. Prevent trafficking through strategies taking into account its root causes, including demand, and for instance awareness campaigns, based on accurate information. Special measures for child victims of trafficking are necessary given their vulnerability and the physical and psychosocial harm they suffer.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The impact analysis found that members of the health insurance system were more likely to seek treatment in health facilities rather than to self-treat (Jowett, 2001). And the Early Intervention Programme of Belarus is one of the best practices for children with special needs in the CEE/CIS region. Due to this programme, access for children with special needs to quality early intervention health services has increased. Between 2003 and 2008 the programme produced a 20 per cent increase in the number of children under 8 years benefiting from appropriate care and feeding practices for their survival, growth and development, including early identification of children with special needs (UNICEF, 2011b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In addition, when public resources are not allocated on the basis of evidence pointing to the greatest need, education systems can entrench inequities rather than dismantle them. To overcome these challenges, countries will be best served if they offer comprehensive early childhood care and learning opportunities, and if they focus on making the fastest progress for the children left furthest behind. This approach has the potential to narrow the gaps in educational outcomes between the richest and poorest children by 2030.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Luxembourg depends on imports for more than half of its electricity supply. Electricity-linked emissions are imputed to the producing country, and consequently production in the country replaces power imports that did not affect domestic emission levels. Its target is a 21% reduction in GHG emissions in the EU’s energy and industrial sectors by 2020, compared to 2005.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In this article, we argue that critical and revolutionary educational praxis is increasingly shaped by and through ecological politics and imaginaries. Indeed, given the pervasiveness of environmental crisis in our everyday lives and vocabularies, we argue that critical educators can no longer ignore questions of ecojustice. In keeping with a growing interdisciplinary field of green Marxist scholarship, we argue that "greening" critical pedagogy ought not diminish its radical intent or its goal of transforming oppressive social and economic conditions. Drawing on the field of political ecology, we argue for critical revolutionary pedagogy to be informed by a dialectics of ecological and environmental justice that highlights the situatedness of environmental conflict and injustice toward nonhuman nature without obscuring its historical production under capitalist value forms. In particular, we explore schooling as one site of environmental injustice before embarking on a broader discussion of how justice t...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Monetary policy directly affects the resources available for the realization of economic and social rights, especially the right to work, by influencing interest rates, exchange rates and the amount of credit available in the economy. However, central banks are rarely held accountable for human rights obligations. Central banks typically are expected to keep inflation as low as possible in line with policies of price stability. The trade-offs between maintaining inflation targets, the realization of rights and gender equality are rarely considered.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The potential of these already fragile economies to produce, allocate, distribute and regenerate is significantly compromised in the presence of HIV/AIDS. The literature and the experience of other countries which have previously walked this path paint a very grim picture for the Caribbean. Not only do high prevalence rates hurt the economy but economic stagnation provides an ideal breeding ground for the spread of the disease. Research into the effects of HIV/ AIDS reveals that its impact in terms of its social, human and economic costs is perhaps much more significant than previously thought (Bell et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
As input price increases outpaced output price rises and farmers had limited freedom to change their behaviour, many farms simply went into debt, but the government continued to provide credits (Gray, 2000). By 1996, three-quarters of agricultural enterprises were unprofitable and many workers were paid in-kind (e.g. engineers received farm equipment in lieu of wages). Between 1998 and 2003, reforms of farm ownership were in part targeted at writing off debts and allowing farms to re-start with a clean sheet.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
As in other EU countries, there are large disparities in self-rated health by socioeconomic status: 80% of people in the highest income quintile population report being in good health compared with 48% of the population in the lowest income quintile (Figure 4). These include the living and working conditions of people, the physical environment in which people live, and a range of behavioural risk factors. In fact, more than 35% of the overall burden of disease in the Czech Republic in 2015 (measured in terms of OALYs) could be attributed to behavioural risk factors, including dietary risks (contributing 18%), smoking (13%), alcohol use (4%) and physical inactivity (3%) (IHME, 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
When renting a house in the informal market, tenants can be denied access to public services such as health and education, which is particularly damaging to migrants. While a number of possible strategies to boost the rental housing market could be proposed, it will be important for Kazakhstan to begin with broad measures targeting the fiscal, regulator}' and legal framework, to ensure a more balanced treatment between rental housing and home ownership. These efforts should be prioritised in a coherent national policy for rental housing. Authorities should proceed with caution. Peppercorn and Taffin (2013) suggest that the introduction of a more robust rental policy component to housing policy should be properly sequenced: first, assessment, second, legal, third, tax, fourth, finance, and fifth, subsidies. Kazakhstan needs to define a rental housing policy approach.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Other metals include chromium and arsenic from copper, lead and steel alloying. There are no substantial differences in emissions between different kinds of PV technology, such as single- or multi-crystalline silicon (Fthenakis et al., Studies also point to the waste from worn-out solar panels as a matter of concern. Air emissions from these wastes are minimal but toxic chemicals may leach into water and soil.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
There is also a European Landscape Convention (2000) and Italy has incorporated its provisions in the National Code for Cultural Heritage, which requires all regions to prepare landscape plans. Tuscany's forests and trees are valued for their cultural and ecological value as well as for their role in traditional rural landscapes, which are important for tourism. The trees are mostly broadleaved, were traditionally coppiced and can serve as important links within ecological networks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Resources should be allocated across the system to maximise the value-for-money and impact of social protection through a constant process of reprioritisation. This is a way to safeguard the overall allocation to social protection. In contexts where reprioritisation does not happen in a regular and timely manner, ministries of finance are apt to shift funds from non-performing programmes to whatever aspect of public spending needs additional support, social protection or otherwise.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
A standards development process has been initiated in Cameroon (PEFC, 2014c). At the 19th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ("UNFCCC COP 19"), held in Warsaw, Poland, governments took steps towards a new universal agreement to limit global temperature rise to 2 °C. Thirty-nine national and 23 subnational jurisdictions now have carbon-pricing instruments, emissions trading schemes or taxes, either enacted or in process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Examples of such initiatives are the CST initiative (Box 7), the Lake Chad Sustainable Development Support Program (PRODEBALT) (Appendix B), and the GGWSSI (Box 6). The CST initiative includes management of ecosystems and ecosystem services, as well as equitable use of natural resources and agrobiodiversity, while PRODEBALT aims to restore the productivity of the Lake Chad's ecosystems (CATIE, n.d., Working across forestry and agriculture ensures that ecosystem functions are taken into account and that practices related to protection, restoration, and management of biodiversity and ecosystem services and processes are taken into account (Munang et al. However, in relation to agriculture, EbA is the implementation of agricultural management practices that use biodiversity, ecosystem services or ecological processes (at field, farm or landscape level) to build robust food systems and reduce and adapt to the impacts of climate change and climate variability (Vignola etal.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Ensuring that everyone in the world has access to enough nutritious food should be at the forefront of the post-2015 development discussions. The public sector should typically finance infrastructural needs as well as research and development, while introducing adequate incentives for private investments, such as risk protection and better access to credit markets. In addition, Governments need to design a regulatory framework that ensures inclusive and sustainable private investments. For further information see http://www.un.org/en/zerohunger/challenge.shtml. Individuals may have an intake of enough calories for daily subsistence, and still suffer from “hidden hunger”, with low levels of micronutrients due to low diversification of diets. This is a problem in both developing and developed countries, affecting 30 per cent of the worlds population.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In all these cases, LDCs participate in the research efforts and derive benefits from research results. Knowledge flows and technical cooperation have become major components of South-South economic relations, diversifying the sources of knowledge transfer and partnership for LDCs (UNCTAD, 2010: chaps. South-South technology transfer is complementary to North-South knowledge flows, the two sometimes being combined in triangular cooperation, whereby South-South knowledge flows are facilitated and boosted by developed country donors (UNDP, 2009). Achieving the Goals and the objectives of the IPoA will require a major increase in ODA to LDCs, to meet the international target of 0.15-0.2 per cent of donor country gross national income.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The UN Law of the Sea governs some aspects such as the 200-mile zones around coasts and the right to exploit the continental shelf, but in theory, anyone can travel the rest of the world’s seas and exploit their resources relatively unhindered. Governing a shared, global resource like fish poses special problems. Conservation efforts by one group can be worthless if the only result is to allow another a bigger share of the catch.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
So, all in all, regulating and cultural services are not part of the framework and the SEEA Central Framework is not suitable for monitoring most ecosystem service flows to different types of end-users (sectors, households, etc). The sectoral classification and more specifically the functional accounts which register environmental activities and related flows can help develop an improved understanding of the number of jobs associated with nature and ecosystems to the extent to which certain sectors depend more or less directly on nature or on improving environmental quality (e.g. environmental goods and services sector). While the focus of the accounts is on the national level, such targets can also be set at the regional level, provided the data is available.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Further north, the section of road leading to Kamba has been in an advanced state of deterioration for several years. Better road conditions would allow people to travel to the urban region of Sokoto and to the Nigerian towns in the Niger River valley in under three hours using the new paved road linking Malanville to Illo. This driving time could also allow access to Niamey, the capital of Niger situated 300 kilometres to the northwest. The paved Malanville-Illo axis should improve the accessibility of the Beninois bank and reconcile two territorial logics that have for a long time been disconnected: those of north-south international flows and the east-west flows of local production. This should reinforce the centrality of Malanville, whose role is precisely to serve as an anchor for these two dynamics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The complete isolation of crops grown on a commercial scale, either GM or non-GM, is not currently practical although gene flow can be minimized, as it currently is between oilseed rape varieties grown for food, feed or industrial oils (GM Science Review Panel). Management strategies include avoiding the planting of transgenic crops in their centres of biodiversity or where wild relatives are present, or using buffer zones to isolate transgenic varieties from conventional or organic varieties. Genetic engineering can be used to alter flowering periods to prevent cross-pollination or to ensure that the transgenes are not incorporated in pollen and developing sterile transgenic varieties (ICSU and Nuffield Council).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
When established in 1989, the Penang Skills Development Centre (PSDC) concentrated on technical and vocational training programmes for employees of multinational corporations (MNCs). Over a 20 year period, the knowledge and skills of every level (operators, technicians, supervisors, engineers and managers) have increased significantly (PSDC, 2009, 2010). While the multinational corporations (MNCs) hire some technical personnel to work on design, testing and product developments, the supply of R&D engineers and technicians was too small for them to expand their R&D in Penang. ( The level of educational attainment remains significantly below that of OECD countries in the region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Other possible impacts of climate change on aquaculture include changes in feed composition and supply as well as changes in the type, scope and extent disease outbreaks in fish farms. For both sectors, relocation of aquaculture production sites, wild harvest landing sites (e.g. ports), and fish processing facilities may be required due to extreme weather events, changing stock distribution and location relative to markets. While there will continue to be a great deal of uncertainty associated with the interactions between climate change and fisheries and aquaculture over the next several years, fisheries policy makers should now turn their attention to the development and implementation of climate change adaptation strategies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Some sources indicate even lower percentage, i.e. around 19,500 ha, or only 2.2 per cent. The GEF-UNEP-WWF project, "Development of the Econet for Long-term Conservation of Biodiversity in the Central Asia Eco-region”, being pursued in consultation with Governments and using GIS technologies, has outlined an ecological network plan for Central Asian countries. Taking this plan into account, Kyrgyzstan has established five new protected areas since 2000 (three State reserves and two national parks) and enlarged several others.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This is necessary for its large rural agricultural labour force to rapidly be drawn into high-productivity, non-farming activities in the manufacturing and services sectors as well as to lift the productivity of the agriculture sector, where the vast majority of the poor work. Creating backward and forward linkages among manufacturing, agriculture and services sectors by linking MSMEs to the supply chain and production network is a key criterion. In addition, improving the access to low-cost finance is vital for MSMEs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Such cultural change takes time, and while the central level can establish policies, plans and programmes, central-level institutions have to provide a behavioural example and embody the practice. Meanwhile, the local level must also be an active player in encouraging a transformation to more open and inclusive government. A report undertaken for SUBDERE and the Ministry of Foreign Relations focusing on the status of citizen participation at the sub-national level17 was highly critical of Antofagasta’s approach, characterising it as narrow, paternalistic and traditional, with little recognition of social or community actors in the management of local development, citizens taking a passive role, and CSOs facing capacity challenges. The report also indicated no systematic identification was made of needs or programme design in areas of interest to citizens and civic organisations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This chapter briefly discusses the major secular ideologies that developed in the wake of the scientific revolution and the Enlightenment: liberalism, socialism, feminism, nationalism, ecologism, and humanism. The main purpose is to look at and evaluate those secular ideologies from an evolutionary perspective and their significance for the development of evolutionary ethics. It is concluded that all of the major ideologies appear to include moral principles and practices that can be considered to be useful for evolution-based ethics. Albeit, they are only partial building stones for the design of a viable universal, evolutionarily grounded ethics in a further progressing modernisation. None of the secular ideologies have succeeded so far in elaborating a comprehensive worldview comparable to the major organised religious traditions. They excel as a result of their fragmented nature and, in most cases, short-term perspective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Hong Kong, China as well as Japan, the Republic of Korea and Singapore have developed well-functioning integrated urban transportation systems that are based on attractive pub lie transport and restricted use of private vehicles. Country and city authorities could initiate policies to promote their use through providing tax rebates. Many guidelines,14 technical standards,15 case studies16 and sourcebooksl7 that focus on a particular aspect of urban transport and mobility are readily available.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Much less support was destined to the transition economies in Eastern Europe (USD 12.9 billion), Latin America and the Caribbean (USD 11.1 billion) and Oceania (USD 2.1 billion). Banking and financial services, and other business services, received USD 33.2 billion and USD 16.4 billion respectively. Most disbursements for building productive capacity went to Africa (USD 47.8 billion) followed by Asia (USD 41.7 billion), Europe (USD 13.7 billion), Latin America and the Caribbean (USD 11.9 billion), and Oceania (USD 1.2 billion).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This article analyses the ideological and theoretical underpinnings of neoconservative discourses on international relations. It moves beyond recent polemics and debates over the Bush administration's foreign policy to offer a deeper look at the intellectual premises of the peculiar synthesis of realism and idealism which characterizes the neoconservative mode of political engagement with the world. Looking at the domestic and foreign policy dimensions of neoconservative political sociology, the article argues that neoconservatism is not the centrist ‘liberal’ conservatism that it pretends to be (and that many foreign policy analysts have diagnosed in recent years). It argues that to the extent that neoconservatism is committed to the Enlightenment narrative of human rights and liberal democracy, these commitments are predicated on an atavistic conservative philosophy that is in fact ferociously predatory on liberal values and liberal mechanisms of governance. The aim here is not to provide a normative de...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This growing economic, social, political and cultural integration is to a large extent the result of endogenous changes in transportation, information and telecommunication technologies, and in demographic trends. Yet, policies (referred to in this paper, for convenience, as “neo-liberal policies”) that dominated the scene until the onset of the recent financial crisis did contribute to accelerating economic integration, except in the case of labour mobility. During these same three decades (1980-2010), there has also been a gradual spread of liberal democracy, particularly in the former socialist countries of Europe and in Latin America. In a marked departure from the trends of the 1980s and 1990s, the current decade (that is to say, since 2000) has witnessed a recovery in practically all developing and transitional regions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
To support partner countries in achieving their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and pursuing green growth, development co-operation providers will need to better engage with the private sector to mobilise resources, innovation and know-how. This paper contributes to the emerging literature on how development co-operation providers are working with and through the private sector to promote development outcomes. With a focus on green growth and climate change, the paper provides a broad overview of private sector engagement (PSE) approaches used by development co-operation providers, discusses ongoing challenges, and highlights emerging areas of good practice. The challenge is great, as much of the infrastructure investment needs in coming decades will be in emerging and developing countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Why is administrative law so neglected in the curricula of graduate public administration in the United States? In the light of professed adherence to democratic administration and rule of law, this gap in the academic education of public service professionals seems surprising and somewhat disconcerting. Public servants are not only empowered but obligated by law to use the power of the state to make decisions and take actions in the public interest. Yet, study of the theory, processes, and practices of administrative law seems to play little or no part in their preparation for these tasks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This growth occurred more quickly in some regions of the world than in others. In recent years, the rate of growth in global aquaculture production has been slowing down. There are large differences in trends in aquaculture production and in capture fisheries among OECD countries and among fishing areas, with significant increases in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. China remains the largest producer, though fishery statistics for China are under review and still entail uncertainties.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)