albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Meanwhile, public investment in forests totals USD 2 billion per year. The Republic of Korea plays a leading role in key regional and global initiatives and hosts the Green Climate Fund. Success factors include consistently giving national priority to forest restoration as part of broader development strategies over a 20-year period.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Aida, the more vivacious and assertive of the two women, was 32 and had been in Lebanon for 12 years. She came on a contract but ran away after two years because she was being forced to work for three homes for US$100 per month. She met and later married Rahim, a Sudanese man who was working as a driver for the Embassy of Saudi Arabia. They lived together for several years, and Rahim started working as an unlicensed broker bringing women as domestic workers from Ethiopia via Sudan (since the Ethiopian Government’s ban on migration to Lebanon was in force at the time).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
At the same time, on a wide range of STI-related structural and output measures, Austria still lags innovation leaders such as Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. Austria’s very success in mobilising resources for R&D and innovation has therefore led to questions regarding the cost-effectiveness of STI policy overall. An inter-ministerial “RTI Task Force” was created to support, substantiate and co-ordinate the implementation of the strategy. Concentrating on a few objectives would also help in designing a coherent mix of policy instruments to deliver the strategy. Moreover, the Strategy 2020+ has to integrate other national initiatives with similar goals, such as the forthcoming digital and Al strategies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In 2014, 54% of countries globally had not achieved gender parity in lower-secondary education, while in upper-secondary school the figure was 77% (UNESCO, 2016). They include childcare programmes for siblings and flexible school times in the harvesting season. Tackling discriminatory norms, attitudes and practices through the media, religious institutions and community leaders can also help to dismantle some of the barriers to girls’ education (Box 6.1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Class 4 applications, which are declarations, are not included in the table. It is part of the permit application procedure and is required for installations listed in the amended Grand Ducal Regulation of 7 March 2003 concerning assessment of the impact of certain public and private projects on the environment. Before issuing its decision to grant or refuse a permit, the Environment Administration consults other potentially interested authorities (local administrations, conservation authorities, the Water Management Administration).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Some stakeholders have emphasized that problems are typically already known (e.g. conflicts arising from the operation of a certain dam), and that the workshops should allow much more room for the nexus dialogue and for developing solutions. It is true that, if stakeholders participate actively, the nexus dialogue may uncover important sectoral perspectives that can serve as good bases for solutions. In the Alazani/Ganykh assessment, for instance, the topic of forest degradation would not have emerged without the sectoral phases having taken place.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Methods for analyzing neural and computational social science data are usually used by different types of scientists and generally seen as distinct, but they strongly complement one another. Computational social science methodologies can strengthen and contextualize individual-level analysis, specifically our understanding of the brain. Neuroscience can help to unpack the mechanisms that lead from micro- through meso- to macro-level observations. Integrating levels of analysis is essential to unified progress in social research. We present two example areas that illustrate this integration. First, combining egocentric social network data with neural variables from the “egos” provides insight about why and for whom certain types of antismoking messages may be more or less effective. Second, combining tools from natural language processing with neuroimaging reveals mechanisms involved in successful message propagation, and suggests links from microscopic to macroscopic scales.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Led by LDC governments and with focused co-operation among key stakeholders— including the private sector and international donors—much can be achieved in the way of inclusion. Yet, in the least developed countries (LDCs), despite the proliferation of mobile phones, access to the Internet is still limited. The Internet's potential as an instrument for more inclusive trade, which can bring benefits for the poor, is yet to be fully explored.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Traditional separation of powers models assert that the Supreme Court takes into consideration the policy preferences of other institutions and behaves strategically so as to place legal policy at its preferred policy point. The vagueness doctrine, however, asserts that the Court determines statute constitutionality not from strategically calculating institutional ideological preferences but from the degree of specificity of the statute's language itself. This study finds that the vagueness doctrine better predicts Court declarations of unconstitutionality than preference-based models, suggesting that the language of the law itself is crucial to statutory decisions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
When markets do not work well for the poor in this way, the result is a high-risk environment for small-scale producers and smallholders, which prevents them from investing in more productive technologies and in expanding their productive capacity. Farmers are naturally reluctant to spend limited resources on fertilisers and high yield seeds when, in addition to climatic risks, they may face prices at harvest time that do not cover their costs or they could be left with a crop for which there is no demand in local markets. Women are particularly disadvantaged, both within the household economy and in the wider labour market.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
A master planning exercise was undertaken for primary care in the context of a World Bank project with the objective to determine how the network of primary care facilities could be adapted in each region (Sanigest International, 2014). Building on this, local authorities should develop and implement their restructuring plan for the public network, but should also remain open to considering and testing new models of service delivery. The country's geography and low population density pose unique challenges for health service delivery.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
ABSTRACTFeminist scholars have critically demonstrated the links between the global political economy, social reproduction and gender-based violence. This article builds on this scholarship by investigating restrictions to reproductive freedom and their connection to the depletion of women’s bodies in the global political economy. Specifically, I use the Depletion through Social Reproduction (DSR) framework to reveal how the work of social reproduction is harnessed to service economic activity at the cost of rights to bodily integrity with the aid of religious fundamentalist ideologies that (re)inscribe discourses of female altruism such as the “self-sacrificing mother” ideal. Drawing on the case of the Philippines, I argue that the control of women’s bodies is integral to the Philippines’ economic strategy of exporting care workers in a competitive global political economy. This strategy is abetted by local Catholic religious fundamentalists who challenge reproductive rights reform at various levels of p...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This will include integration of clear environmental goals into investment policies through a mix of policies and instruments ranging from carbon pricing, research and development (R&D), financial, and regulatory policies to “soft” measures such as education and information (OECD 2012b, forthcoming). Another priority use may be transitional support for immature technologies that is performance based and time-bound (i.e. with sunset clauses) (Kalamova, Kaminker and Johnstone, 2011). Enabling actions to foster wider industry and public support for low-carbon energy systems include: fostering industry leadership, developing a skilled low-carbon energy workforce, deepening public engagement and strengthening international collaboration. The transition offers significant new opportunities for business, as a large range of green technologies will need to be developed and deployed widely over the next few decades.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
As Figure 3.1 shows, the number of central government actors involved in water policy making ranges from two in the case of the Netherlands to 15 for Chile. Source: OECD Water Governance Survey (2010). Beyond the determination of who does what, the challenge lies in the problems of overlapping responsibilities generated by interpretation and implementation of water policy on the ground.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Watershed agencies are not without their flaws, and have been criticised for embracing a top-down approach, driven by experts and lacking in transparency. In addition, the prioritisation of holistic management often typical of watershed management agencies, has resulted in conflicts of interest, in which regulatory, ownership and service provision functions overlap, sometimes with negative consequences. At the initiative of Brazil, it was later restmctured and in 2008, 67 institutions from 21 countries gathered to agree on common principles. A major feature of LAC countries as compared to OECD countries is the preponderance of conflict resolution mechanisms (75% of countries surveyed) and informal co-operation around projects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
As a part of the administrative reform and reorganisation of the government, the Ministry of Coal Industry and the Ministry of Fuel and Energy were merged in December 2010 into the Energy and Coal Industry Ministry. At the beginning of 2011, the Ukrainian government declared that it would seek to postpone indefinitely this 50% increase in prices of natural gas supplied to households. Among sector-specific programmes adopted between 1994 and 2002, the following could be mentioned: Creation of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle (1994), Development of Hydrocarbon Resources in the Ukrainian Sector of the Black and Azov Seas (1996), Energy Conservation (1997), Construction of Wind Power Stations (1997), Oil and Gas of Ukraine until 2010 and Thermal Power Plant Reconstruction (2002).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This focus on individual institutes created the model under which researchers would focus on single diseases such as AIDS, breast cancer, diabetes, or renal disease. Biomedical research became focused on studying discrete illnesses instead of addressing the multitude of diseases a person might have. Disease specific research became the predominant model of biomedical research in the latter half of the 20th century. The approach to conducting biomedical research may require a new model to respond to the growing prevalence of people with multiple chronic diseases.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Linking CME and CPD requirements to re-licensing medical professionals is a strength that makes Australia and the United Kingdom leaders across the OECD. Such approaches should be trialled in other OECD countries to support the health workforce to deliver high-quality care throughout their medical careers. In Denmark and Sweden for example, external involvement in regulating health professionals’ knowledge and skills is deliberately light-touch (OECD, 2013a, 2013b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
All cowsheds must be covered in the winter (rainy) season, so that rain does not wash the manure into the lake. Food and water for cattle are located away from streams in all watershed pastures. Bacteriological standards, tightened in 1989, state that water is unfit for drinking if it contains more than three coliform microbes and/or one faecal coliform per 100 millilitres (ml).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Adaptations include changing to less carnivorous species, genetic improvements, feed source diversification, better formulation, quality control and management. These could also include capture fisheries and could assist riparian and coastal communities in general (Lorenzen, 2007). Short cycle aquaculture may also be valuable, using new species or strains and new technologies or management practices to fit into differently defined seasonal opportunities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
In the region, the support for this decision was vast.17 Since 2009, however, decision making at the national level has been repeatedly postponed. To date, no final decision has been taken. While the decision process related to the water quality is still pending, it has been decided that the Volkerak-Zoommeer will be prepared as a water storage area (part of the PKB measure “Room for the River”). When this situation coincides with high river levels, river dykes may overflow.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
These are often not managed properly, with inadequate maintenance of equipment and no specific water protection zones. Since small systems are not controlled regularly, quality data are sparse. Where information is available, it shows that these systems have frequently been affected by faecal contamination, particularly in western and southern Slovenia (i.e. Koper, Nova Gorica and Novo Mesto).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Also proffered are reasons as to why activism has failed to yield positive results. Atrocities committed included rape, mutilation and forced enslavement. Some women and girls were coerced into ‘marriages’ with rebels while others were forcefully conscripted or used as porters and required to carry rebel equipment and supplies for miles.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
On the side of local liberty, the Girondins’ Constitution of 1793 demanded universal suffrage at the local level and total decentralisation—but it was never implemented. It was the Jacobins who eventually gained dominance and established a centralised republican State with a long reach. With the decree of December 4, 1793 departements lost powers that had been briefly granted to them only a few years earlier (but were never implemented). Under Napoleon this centralisation continued, the departemental structure of 1790 was retained and the powerful position of prefet in departements ensured State control over local matters (Schmidt, 2007: 23).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Hong Kong, China accounted for a 20% share, followed closely by Singapore and the Russian Federation with shares of 15% and 12%, respectively. India attracted 7% of total FDI inflows to the Asia-Pacific region. The Asia-Pacific developed countries as a group accounted for 12% of total FDI inflows, but these inflows can be mostly attributed to Australia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Employers’ complementary insurers have had to propose coverage to newly retired and unemployed workers since 2008. In addition, tax incentives encourage state-approved collective complementary insurance contracts (contrats solidaires et responsables) that do not discriminate by age and guarantee minimum and maximum reimbursements. At the same time, discrimination by health risks is not authorised for either individual or collective contracts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The Protocol also provides that a widow has the right to an equitable share in the inheritance ofthe property of her husband, and that women and men have the right to inherit, in equitable shares, their parents’ properties (art. Among other provisions, they state that the African States are obliged to "ensure equitable and non-discriminatory access, acquisition, ownership, inheritance and control of land and housing, especially by women. This includes the obligation to take measures to modify or prohibit harmful social, cultural or other practices that prevent women and other members of vulnerable and disadvantaged groups from enjoying their rightto property, particularly in relation to housing and land” (para. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law."
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This approach is common in the assessment of economic impact of infrastructure (given that no deployment has an immediate economic impact.) However, the premise underlying the lagged effects assumption comprises a more complicated process of broadband adoption. First of all, purchasing ICT is not the only requirement for improving productivity. In fact, both management and economics literature have shown that it is necessary to modify business practices in order for information technology impact firm efficiency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The chapter offers a variety of frameworks for understanding gender, different types of violence against women and women’s capacities and roles as peacebuilders, drawing on the fields of biology, sociology and political theory and the practice of peacebuilding. Examples from around the world provide snapshots of the complex dynamics of gender, violence and peacebuilding. A gender-sensitive lens on peacebuilding highlights the urgent need to broaden programming to include the empowerment of women and attention to violence against women in both private and public settings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Health policy experts long have argued that a combination of budgetary constraints, lack of legislative expertise, and parochial attitudes make it unlikely that the U.S. states will contribute significantly to health care reform. This is particularly true of states like Texas, which ranks last or near-to-last in virtually every measure of public health, and is dominated by conservative politics and libertarian, free market ideology. Yet, in 1997 the Texas legislature enacted the first Patient's Bill of Rights. This article examines the political and rhetorical processes that led to successful reform, and discusses the implications that success in "the least likely place" holds for the making of health care policy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Abstract   To understand what drives corporate leaders to choose certain corporate governance practices there is need to look beyond the individual traits of the leader, examining the effect of the elements of the institutional environment on managerial decisions. Drawing on the contextual approach to leadership and insights from institutional theory, this study examines the impact of government integrity on corporate governance practices. From the field study, we find that government integrity has a positive causal effect on corporate leaders' corporate governance decisions and choices. The positive impact of government integrity on corporate leaders' actions is also confirmed using a laboratory study, showing that a social norm of promoting leadership integrity, positively impacts on corporate responsibility especially in contexts where the government lacks credibility. Specifically, we find that corruption and bribery by corporate leaders is low in contexts that are transparent and high in contexts with low government integrity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Needs-based Resource Allocation in Education via Formula Funding of Schools, International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP), UNESCO, Paris, http:// unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001184/118426eb.pdf. Serie Evidencias, year 1, No. Morduchowicz, A. and L. Duro (2009), Desafios de la Educacion Uruguaya: Aportes para un Diagnostico del Sistema Educativo [Challenges in Uruguayan Education: Input for a Diagnostic of the Education System], Working Papers IIEP-UNESCO, Buenos Aires.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In France about 4.2 million households have benefitted from similar tax incentives between 2005 and 2008 which equals about 13% of the residential building stock, (see case studies in the annex for more information on tax incentives in France and Italy). Through tax credits for energy-efficient new homes in the US, the market share of eligible homes37 rose from 1% in 2006 to 10% in 2009 (ACEEE 2011a, pp. Another example can be found in US tax credits for non-business energy improvements put in place 2006 and extended several times until 2010. The most impressive effects of the US programme are found for Energy Star windows: the national market share rose from 49% in 2005 to 93% in 2010. Even though the incentive was cut back sharply in 2011 (from originally $1500 to $200), the market share stayed high at 89% in 2011 (ACEEE 2011a, pp. It is very difficult to assess how ambitious are performance requirements for the different schemes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
While the average wage per day of rural men in 2011-2012 was Rs.188.95, it was as low as Rs.120.62 in the case of women (Table 11-12). In urban areas, the wage rates were Rs.404.89 for men and Rs.319.32 for women. However, it decreased to 36.2 per cent in 2011-2012. In the case of urban areas, the wage gap during 1999-2000 was 25.4 per cent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Providers of development co-operation have experience in mainstreaming environment and climate activities in their development co-operation portfolios. The need to improve the sustainability of all development activities will necessarily imply an opportunity to integrate environment and climate into all activities. Among OECD DAC members, the majority have defined environment or climate change as basic pillars of their development strategies. Some countries have chosen to set specific targets for “green sectors” 1.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The precise mix is still to be determined from long-run cost estimates and environmental considerations. Efficient, safe and reliable public transport is an imperative for the green economy, since it is more energy efficient than mass transit via private motor car. The challenge for the authorities is to establish special lanes for buses, to encourage car-pooling, to designate urban areas for bicycles and pedestrian traffic, and to restore the railway for urban-rural movement of people and goods. There are around 30,000 hotel and villa rooms and many attractions, generally located on the coast. Tourism was the first sector that adopted greening as a strategy, ultimately for marketing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Public coverage of the potential of new technologies is dramatically increasing, from expanding capabilities offered by the net and mobile phones to robotics. The introduction of these new technologies is commonly measured in relation to cutting the administrative burden, software costs, vendor independence and the deployment of human resources. The ethical implications of rolling-out such applications are rarely debated for either able-bodied citizens or for those less able to reach informed decisions and exercise individual consent. This chapter examines the challenges for those required to demonstrate public accountability for the use they make of identity verification techniques for public policy purposes, ranging from border controls to accessing public services. It concludes that accountability mechanisms are not yet sufficient to the task of retaining public trust in either the technologies or in those deploying them in the name of security.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)