albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The amendments focus the Act's regulatory regime for the protection of fish and fish habitat on managing threats to the sustainability and ongoing productivity of Canada's commercial, recreational and Aboriginal fisheries. They also provide enhanced compliance and protection tools, provide for clarity, certainty and consistency of regulatory requirements through the use of standards and regulations, and enable partnerships with agencies and organisations best placed to provide fisheries protection services. One of the questions in the Fishery Checklist asks for the status of the stocks. Seventy-four stocks were in the healthy zone, above their upper stock reference point, 41 were in the cautious zone between their biological limit reference point and their upper stock reference point, 16 stocks were in the critical zone below their biological limit reference point, and the status of 24 stocks was unknown.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Fiscal administrative data sources for the last centuiy indicate that the widely observed rise in top incomes in the rich countries (OECD, forthcoming) is also true of China, India, Indonesia, Argentina and South Africa (Alvaredo et al., Figure 4.7 shows that the richest 1%’s share of national income has grown significantly in those countries over the last two decades. On the one hand, there are those who perceive high earnings as the right reward for talent or hard work and who see the possibility of high earnings as an opportunity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
However, more detailed assessments are needed in order to properly assess AFOLU's mitigation potential, the impacts on vulnerable production systems and groups, and the costs of implementation. It is a pre-requisite that practices optimized to reduce GHG emissions or sequester carbon should also protect the land tenure rights of small-scale producers and contribute to food security and climate change adaptation, particularly for the most vulnerable groups. On the economic side, options include positive incentives for farmers to provide and maintain carbon sinks, taxation of nitrogen fertilizer in countries where it is being overutilized, a measure which is already applied in some OECD countries to reduce nitrate pollution, and supply-chain initiatives that market food products with a low carbon footprint (Paustian et al., It has been estimated, using previous calculations and data from Bellarby et al. ( These approaches generally account for emissions from pre-chain inputs through to post-farm gate processing by including methane, nitrous oxide and C02 emissions, and fossil fuel use in food systems (e.g. Steinfeld etal., This can be compared with around 5.2 GtC02-eq generated by agriculture and around 4.9 Gt0O2-eq by forestry and land use change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The smooth implementation of market liberalisation in order to increased infrastructure investment in the region requires adequate and effective mechanisms to protect consumers. Countries that are self-sufficient in energy production may have concerns about preparing for energy emergencies and their ability to react to growing demand. Countries which import energy may be vulnerable if they rely predominantly on imports of a single fuel or from a single countty. In the long term it is principally about investment in energy infrastructure, so that energy supply keeps pace with economic development. Clear policies and measures to increase energy security improve the competitiveness of the sector and send positive signals for investors across the energy system and economies more generally. However economies across the region have ambitions to create gas markets and are developing enabling legislative and regulatory frameworks in preparation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Efforts on reducing the capital costs of nuclear power, through incremental improvements at the industrial level, as well as through innovation through new research and development, are thus an indispensable part of credible strategies to decarbonise the power sector. This chapter has reviewed the discussion of this relationship in the various editions of the report. It is beyond the scope of the present study to determine the “correct” discount factor. The relationship of the discount factor to concerns regarding “sustainability” must however be discussed elsewhere and, ideally, before the next edition of Projected Costs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The definition of income is that proposed by oecd (2008) so that the results are comparable across countries. Certain assumptions have been made with regard to the payment of taxes, since it is assumed that personal income tax is paid by the individual liable for the tax and that workers bear social security contributions in full, even if taxes are paid only in the formal sectors of the economy. A tax is progressive when a higher income means that a greater proportion is paid in tax.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
A construction contract was finally signed in July 2017 and the cable is scheduled for service in 2018.3 Timor-Leste is committed to obtain access to submarine cable with the obstacle being the choice of option. In Africa the deployment of submarine cables has intensified since 2009. Previously, apart from satellite, the SAT3/ SAFE cable was the only option to connect Africa to the rest of the world and the only LDCs connected were Angola, Benin and Senegal. A number of cables have launched since then, dramatically increasing international Internet capacity and creating strong incentives for expansion of regional and national backbones.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The water sector is emblematic of this fragmentation. By Constitution, the sector is managed at three levels (federal, state and municipal) and involves a number of agencies and consultative bodies in addition to the three levels of government. According to Article 27, the federal government is the owner of water resources, with a right to transfer the titles to other parties. Article 115 grants the responsibility for providing WSS to municipalities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Abstract   The aim of the study was to determine the prevelance of internet addiction and effected factors in primary school students. This school-based study was a cross-sectional descriptive research design. This study was conducted with 277 students. Prevelans of IA among students was found 10.5%. Variables such as age (≥11 years), internet use in a day (≥3 h), not use internet for education, homework, research, use internet for communication, social network, gaming and mid academic grade accounted for 23% of the internet addiction. It is recommended that children with risk factors for internet addiction should be determined in the early stages, and that school-based intervention programs should be performed for students and their parents to prevent internet addiction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This is directly related to the establishment of community access points, which is part of the target. The action line further calls for strengthening national broadband network infrastructure, which is critical for rolling out high-speed Internet access to rural areas. It also advocates national e-strategies to cater for disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, who are often found in rural areas, and refers to unused wireless capacity, including satellite, for providing access in remote areas. The availability of relevant applications and content is addressed in Action Lines C7 (ICT applications) and C8 (Cultural diversity and identity, linguistic diversity and local content), as well as C9 (Media), which makes reference to the need to reduce regional imbalances in infrastructure and to use "traditional media to bridge the knowledge divide and to facilitate the flow of cultural content, particularly in rural areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
As part of an effort to achieve self-sufficiency in sugar production, announced toward the end of the 1970s, BULOG’s role was extended in 1981 by giving it the monopoly on sugar imports and all purchases of domestic production. In effect, BULOG was given complete control over the supply of sugar on the domestic market. The distribution chain and most prices were also regulated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This chapter contextualizes the general economy of power in which post-Reconceptualization curriculum studies is situated, specifically an education policy agenda predicated on conservative modernization, audit culture, and coercive accountability. The chapter discusses synoptic content analysis and advocates for curriculum scholarship contextualized in Foucault’s analysis of disciplinary power to re-think curriculum as a site through which to embody counter-conduct against dehumanizing configurations of institutional power and to generate new counter-politics that move toward self and social reconstruction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The charter required Metro to adopt a 50-year Future Vision and a long-range Regional Framework Plan with which city and county comprehensive plans must comply. Metro has authority to levy taxes (it levies property taxes and excise taxes) and to enforce its planning requirements. Like cities and counties, Metro must comply with state land-use regulations. There are no formal, governmental links that span the Columbia River to connect the Oregon and Washington parts of the region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Targeted killing has become part of the conventional military and security strategy of a number of states in their operations against terrorist suspects, with Israel, the US and Russia among the most notable that have openly employed such tactics. Controversy has arisen regarding whether, as the perpetrator states have asserted, such killings should be considered as part of an ongoing ‘war’ against terrorist organizations, thus judged according to the law on the use of force (jus ad bellum) and the law of armed conflict (jus in bello or international humanitarian law (IHL), or whether the struggle against terrorist groups should be considered within a law enforcement framework, thus engaging international human rights law (IHRL). This chapter examines these issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Transformation that results in the creation of more jobs in more productive sectors with higher wages will have a greater impact on poverty reduction than will transformation that creates jobs in low-productivity, low-wage sectors. Importantly, transformation that pulls low and unskilled workers from low productivity primary sectors into relatively higher productivity nonprimary sectors is likely to have the greatest poverty reduction potential (Aggarwal and Kumar, 2012). This is because traditional industrialization has generally been found to generate unequal income and wealth distribution effects in the short term as workers move from low-productivity agriculture to high-productivity manufacturing (Kuznets, 1955).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Importantly this degree of substitutability may vary over time given a range of factors include customer demand/preferences, pricing and availability of in-demand customer devices. It should also be noted that throughout these Guidelines, a number of 'Masterplan Preparation Insights' have been included to provide practical advice to readers. For the majority of people in developing countries, the first and only access to the Internet is performed via an IMT network.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
International approaches to human rights have, until recently, largely overlooked the experiences of women in conflict, displacement and crisis. Although women's human rights are progressing on paper, rape and sexual violence continues at mass levels in conflict and civil unrest with few consequences for perpetrators and very little emphasis on preventions. Sociology has itself been slow to engage in discourses around human rights, and even slower progress has been made in developing sociological understandings of gender and human rights. This contribution argues that overlooking gendered inequalities leaves the violation of women at the bottom of a priority list regarding international humanitarian law, and that sociological approaches highlighting and challenging women's subordination may support prevention and conviction at localised and international levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The PA does not mention agriculture explicitly (see Box 1) or indeed agriculture related initiatives at all, nor sets out if and how agriculture should be treated in to process going forward. However, in the preamble of the PA, Parties recognize the fundamental priority of safeguarding food security and ending hunger, both of which are inevitably linked to agriculture. They further highlight the vulnerabilities of food production systems to climate change impacts. The PA also acknowledge the particular vulnerabilities of agriculture and food production systems to the adverse impacts of climate change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It publishes an annual information bulletin on the state of groundwater and its use. The Ministry of Health publishes a monthly information bulletin on hygiene, ecology and human health. These bulletins are circulated among the public authorities in a limited number of copies. They are not easily available to the public, neither are they available online. These cover the following: air emissions and their treatment, forest areas, reforestation, and the harvesting of non-wood products, fish hauls and reproduction at fish farms, land reclamation, protected natural areas, current costs of environmental protection, and payments for environmental pollution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Commit to research, development and innovation for longer-term energy balance and transitions. The mix of baseload and flexible peak-load capacity is a classic example to deal with variable load. Fuel switching, storage (see below), physical exchange with other regions through cross-border interconnectors, liquid energy markets, parallel supply paths and sufficient redundancy through standby components are all part of this effort.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Biodiversity objectives are integrated into a range of planning processes, policies, standards and regulations, but also into general awareness and even informal office culture and processes. These main role-players receive much support from environmental non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and research institutions. This broad group, often termed the ‘biodiversity sector’, is responsible for many aspects of formal conservation, environmental advocacy and biodiversity planning. Other partners that are particularly important for biodiversity mainstreaming include the production sectors, development planners and regulatory government departments whose core mandates are not directly related to biodiversity conservation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The importance of characterological disturbances, that contribute towards individual patterns of law breaking behavior, to legal systems in all countries should be self-evident. Contributors to this international perspective issue represent Canada, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States, and data from several additional European countries were included in Hare's article. This issue addresses emotional deficiency, molecular genetics, construct and predictive validity of the PCL-R, psychosocial predictors and treatment. Critical analyses of current models for civil commitment and criminal responsibility vis-a-vis psychopathic disorders contribute towards informed dialectic on these compelling public policy issues. We hope that readers will find that these articles collectively advance our understanding of the nature of these disorders, currently available therapeutic interventions, and today's critical social issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The indicator should also be analysed together with indicators of Dimension 2 (Income and benefits from employment). Employed persons (age 15+): Employment is defined according to the resolution of the 19th ICLS in 2013 (see glossary). The number of jobs a person holds can best be captured through an LFS.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Por el contrario, las politicas que establecen niveles minimos de proteccion adecuados, amplian los derechos de pension a grupos no cubiertos anteriormente y flexibilizan el acceso de los trabajadores informales o no estandar a las prestaciones pueden contribuir de una manera u otra a mejorar los derechos de las mujeres de edad avanzada a recibir una pension. El informefinaliza con algunas recomendaciones para aumentar la equidad de genero de los sistemas de pensiones y sugiere que las politicas destinadas a alcanzar la igualdad de genero en derechos de pension y prestaciones deben ocuparse de varios frentes complementarios (que incluyen las medidas relativas al disefio del sistema de pensiones, asi como la regulation del mercado laboral y la conciliation de la vida familiar y laboral) y tener en cuenta la diversidad de situaciones de las mujeres en los diferentes estratos sociales yen losdistintospaises. However, in a context of widespread inequality, not everyone enjoys the same level of protection.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
We see this power at work in countries across the world. In Bangladesh, ICTs have enabled students to access quality online teaching, even when qualified teachers may be scarce. The Jaago Foundation of Bangladesh (UNESCO 2016 Prize Winner for the Use of ICTs in Education) is working towards providing education to underprivileged children in rural areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Within this area, development partners are working at three levels (Kindornay and Reilly-King, 2013, Di Bella et al., At the macro level, development partner programmes strengthen the enabling environment or investment climate (i.e. development of policies, regulations and institutional frameworks) that supports the greening of the private sector and green investment, by supporting the design of policies and building the in-country capacity of government agencies and other involved stakeholders and institutions. This is an important area of support, as the effectiveness of project level development finance interventions, in mobilising private investment over time and in ensuring delivery of intended environmental and social outcomes, is largely dependent on the right policy framework being in place in developing countries. Such a policy framework needs to be 'investment-friendly' overall, and also have in place certain additional elements to ensure that it is conducive to green.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
There is a potential double cultural barrier for overseas-trained doctors, who are also trying to adapt to life in Australia. All health service staff catering to large Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations should be required to undergo training for cultural competence. Such training would also benefit staff working in other areas, including in major cities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Purpose – Social network sites (SNSs) have been recognized as an important marketing communication tool for marketers to connect with today's internet‐savvy consumers. At the same time, the popularity of SNSs has become a worldwide phenomenon with the rise of many local SNSs. The purpose of this paper is to examine cultural differences in the use of communication appeals on corporate pages of leading SNSs in two culturally distinct countries, China and the USA.Design/methodology/approach – The study employs a content analysis to identify cultural orientations observed in communication appeals of the corporate pages on leading SNSs in China (Renren) and the USA (Facebook).Findings – Appeals to interdependence, popularity, high social status, luxury, emotions, and symbolic association are more frequently used in societies with a more collectivistic, greater power distance, and high‐context culture such as in China, whereas appeals to individuality and hedonism are more frequently used in an individualistic ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This article offers a critical analysis of David Miller’s proposal that liberal immigration policies should be conceptualized in terms of a quasi-contract between receiving nations and immigrant groups, designed to ensure both that cultural diversity does not undermine trust among citizens and that immigrants are treated fairly. This proposal fails to address sufficiently two related concerns. Firstly, an open-ended, quasi-contractual requirement for cultural integration leaves immigrant groups exposed to arbitrary critique as insufficiently integrated and unworthy of trust as citizens. Secondly, the focus on national culture instead of citizenship obfuscates the close link between political membership and political trustworthiness. An examination of two models of interpersonal trust, affective and cognitive, shows that there is no room for the mid-way position associated with a quasi-contract. The effect of grounding political trust in a shared national culture instead of democratic institutions is to no...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Women generally have complex trip-making patterns that extend beyond the pendular commute trip. Public transport, especially in low-density urban and suburban areas, may not provide as convenient a service as cars in those instances. Many low-income workers are employed in the service sector, manufacturing jobs or in part-time employment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
It cannot be approached in the same way as in urban areas — it requires taking into account the specific needs of rural users given their economic, social and cultural characteristics. It thus requires dedicated efforts to develop appropriate solutions. Since the "effective market" for urban services tends to be larger and more profitable for water and sanitation companies, professionals and researchers, less effort has been devoted to develop appropriate technical solutions for rural areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This term, however, is often used as a synonym for material productivity. Productivity measurement and analysis of natural resource and material flows complement the traditional indicators of capital, land and labour productivity. Used in parallel, these three types of productivity indicators afford a much deeper understanding of total factor productivity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Responding to this need, a Caribbean Network of Teacher Educators was formed in 2004 to address sustainable development, and a number of related regional events have been held, including the development of a teachers’ guide to ESD in the Caribbean and an online discussion group. A relaunch of this network is planned for November 2012, which should help to reinvigorate a focus on teacher ESD in the region. However, there is some excellent work being undertaken by teacher training institutes themselves to raise the awareness of ESD issues and practices among graduating teachers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Teacher education provides them with adequate curriculum knowledge and planning skills. Moreover, the importance of curriculum design in teacher practice has helped shift the focus of professional development from fragmented in-service training towards more systemic, theoretically grounded school- wide improvement efforts. The Finnish education system was highly centralised until the early 1990s.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)