albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
It illustrates the general trend that as economic development levels rise, committed amounts of climate-related development finance drop. Compared to the other regions in terms of GDP per capita levels, the EECCA region seems to have been committed a fair share of climate-related development finance. In 2013 and 2014, the EECCA region, as a whole, was committed a similar level of finance to levels committed to the North and Central America and the North of Sahara Africa regions. However, the EECCA region has much smaller population than these two regions. Thus, while the GDP per capita purchasing power parity (PPP) levels are slightly higher in these two regions than in the EECCA countries, the amounts of the finance per capita is much higher in the EECCA region as shown in Figure 2.2.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
A key issue to resolve is whether soil carbon stocks will accumulate indefinitely or reach some steady state in a matter of decades or centuries, depending on the forest type and climatic conditions. We also need to improve our understanding of the linkages between biodiversity structure and ecosystem functions, particularly how these interact with the carbon and nitrogen cycles and the relationships between these biogeochemical cycles. A challenging issue beyond the natural sciences is whether and how the various goods of biodiversity, carbon sequestration, timber production, recreation and other amenity values of forests may be handled and arbitrated within a common framework of ecosystem services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Forest make respectively.35 In Slovakia, there are three lar Zahorie covers valuable natural ecosystems of the Morava River, and two Ramsar local vium of the Rudava River and the lower part of the Morava River (see the separate assessment). Erosion and flooding have mostly had a local impact, with little transboundary effect. Discharges of industrial wastewaters (metal, chemical and food processing industries) have a more moderate impact, as do old sites contaminated through groundwater pollution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Another 20% is degraded forest, and 10% is unsuited for cropping (barren rock, snow cover, glaciers etc.). With an average lower heating value of 17 MJ per kilogram, this corresponds to 80 Mtoe (100 Mt) of energy, which can be converted in biomass power plants with an efficiency of around 30%. Assuming a load factor of 60%, this biomass can sustain 25 GW biomass power generation capacity. Sugar production residues represent the single most important category.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Greenlanders' perceived contributions to household distributed by personal income (USD). The two younger groups of men (15-25 and 26-64) seem to perceive their main contribution to be "job, income, and paying bills". They see themselves more as providers than "keeping the household going". Income is perceived the most important contribution by the age group most likely to be active in the labor force (25-64) whereas the oldest group considers more of their contribution to be in "keeping the household going" and "hunting and fishing".
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
As in most other Central and Eastern European countries, given the weakness of collective bargaining, working time standards are almost exclusively defined by statutory' legislation in Lithuania, and employers had been advocating reform in that direction for some time (Cabrita, Galli da Bino and Boehmer, 2016(2]). While normal hours of work remain at 40 hours per week, employers now have significantly more flexibility in setting w'orking time arrangements as a result of the introduction of the possibility of working-time averaging not conditioned on agreement with employee representatives, the introduction of two forms of flexible working hours, the increase in the maximum number of w'orking hours, and the reduction in the notice period for work schedules. While workers could not work more than 48 hours per week and 12 hours a day under the previous code, this remains true for those under the first type of w'orking type arrangement, but has been increased to 52 hours per week in case of working time averaging, and 60 hours per week if there is an agreement between the employer and the worker for additional w ork, that is a work function not included in the employment contract.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
To qualify, OVC must be under 17 years old and come from a household with one deceased or chronically ill parent, or where the main caregiver is chronically ill. The regions targeted are selected on the basis of poverty levels and HIV prevalence. Community committees visit households where there are children living in poverty, gather data about the household and then decide which households meet the criteria for the cash transfer. Local knowledge is valued in this process. A list of the households selected is sent to Nairobi. Another visit takes place to collect data related to living conditions including the dwelling construction, drinking water source, cooking fuel, livestock and the toilet (if there is one).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The introduction of improved agronomical practices and advanced technologies will be central. Information and communications technologies (ICT), for instance, can be used to inform smallholders about new farming techniques and market prices (World Bank, 2008a), as well as to improve livestock traceability (Deloitte, 2012), maximizing output, while minimizing negative impacts on the environment. Additional investments in research and development (R&D) will be crucial in increasing productivity, but better dissemination and adaptation of existing technology in different agroecological regions will also need to be part of the solution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The latter's economic cost structure with high fixed cost and low variable costs does not match up well with the risk preferences of private investors. Based on financial considerations alone, the latter will always prefer low fixed cost and high variable cost technologies even at comparable discounted lifetime costs. This, however, corresponds to the cost structure of carbon-intensive technologies based on fossil fuels. It is thus comprehensible and, wherever relevant decision-making processes have concluded favourably, justifiable, that public policy takes on a special role in promoting low-carbon technologies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Geojournal, 67(1): 41 -55, J.A. Yaro. A study of livelihood activities in rural northern Ghona. The Journal of Modern Atricon Studies, 44(1): 125-156, Codjoe ond Owusu, 2011 (see note 70), I. Connolly-Boutin ond B. Smil. Regional Environmental Change, 16(2): 385-399. Liveslock-in-kind credit: helping the rural poor to invest and save. Washington, DC, World Bank.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The rental market remains highly regulated with all private dwellings build before 1991 subject to strict rent control. Easing rent regulation and reducing housing subsidies as discussed in the 2016 Survey would stimulate a better utilisation of the housing stock and a larger private rental market. In turn, a larger and more dynamic rental market would ease the upward price pressure on the owner-occupied segment and promote labour mobility. Finally, selective support to parents to buy flats to rent to their children should be terminated to ease high demand for smaller flats.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Abstraction and pollution pricing through charges and taxes are means towards the internalisation of environmental costs into prices (WS Atkins International, 2012). This includes households, municipalities, businesses, public institutions, farmers, etc. It also includes non-consumptive water users such as hydropower companies and thermal power companies and industries using water for cooling purposes, before returning it to a public water course. Although these penalties are theoretically part of a “command and control” regulatory regime, in practice these fines are often treated more like a “cost” of doing business, akin to a tax (OECD EAP Task Force, 2012b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is the most well-documented, well-accepted, set of interface guidelines on the planet, based on empirical research and a participatory process of stakeholder input. A recent case in a U.S. Federal District Court, Robles v. Dominos Pizza LLC, involved a blind individual requesting that Dominos Pizza make their web site and mobile app accessible for people with disabilities, utilizing the WCAG. The court ruled that, due to the legal concepts of due process and primary jurisdiction doctrine, the plaintiff loses the case simply for asking for the WCAG. This court ruling minimizes the importance of evidence-based accessibility research and guidelines, and this poster will provide a background of the case, describe preliminary analysis of related cases, and discuss implications for accessibility researchers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This article analyzes an Australian theatre program that engaged diverse youth in (re)visioning citizenship and multiculturalism by creating new notions of belonging and altering perceptions of Aboriginal culture and its value in Australia. This kind of work – where young people's understandings of inclusion and diversity can be unsettled, critiqued, and developed – is crucial because current approaches to Australian multiculturalism tend to rely on Anglo-centric norms and fail to account for indigeneity. Drawing on participant observation and semi-structured interviews, I argue that youth theatre based on reflexive practices and cross-cultural sharing may offer a useful tool for young people's education for inclusive citizenship in a multicultural, super-diverse context. When practiced thoughtfully, such programs can offer space for rethinking citizenship and belonging in ways that recognize the centrality of Indigenous culture and critically reflect on the limitations of the dominant culture's reliance ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The tasks of peacebuilding are simply too great and too complex to leave decision-making solely to a few select male leaders. Peacebuilding requires the participation of the whole of society. Women represent half or more of every community and should have a voice and active role to play in peacebuilding. Peacebuilding is by definition an inclusive process that seeks to empower people to take personal responsibility for fostering peace.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Less frequently, mechanisms for the advancement of women are involved, most of them embedded in the countries' social institutions, either in social development ministries or in the Office of the President. In other cases, the policies are implemented by the sectoral education or health ministries. This benefit is linked to the Universal Child Allowance, which, through Decree No. In particular, it shows how the costs of care are absorbed by families, particularly in the form of unpaid work by women.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Abstract   We provide an overview of the grounded theory approach, a methodology with significant (and largely untapped) potential for human resources (HR) research. Grounded theory is an abductive, data-driven, theory-building approach that can serve as a conceptual link between inductive and deductive research approaches. We begin by explaining the grounded theory approach in detail and outlining two versions of the method that have been used in high-impact management publications—the Gioia approach and the Tabula Geminus (twin slate) approach. We then provide an overview of the similarities and differences between grounded theory and other inductive and/or qualitative methodologies, namely, ethnography, discourse analysis, rhetorical analysis, and content analysis. Following this discussion, we offer a step-by-step guide to using grounded theory in human resources research, illustrating these principles with data and processes from extant research. Finally, we conclude by discussing best practices for achieving rigor with the grounded theory approach.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
To encourage the adoption of SCoTs, since 2010 the state has been setting up annual calls for proposals to increase participation in rural territories with limited human and financial resources to draw up SCoTs. As such, it does not give granular detail on land-use development- that task falls to plans and planning decisions at the scale of the commune (PLU for instance), but these must align with the principles or fundamental guidelines. Every municipality covered by the same SCoT commits itself to integrated and joint development w'hich can help mediate and settle territorial issues for the whole area.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Critical theory has rarely articulated an agenda for social change linking theory to practice. This paper provides several examples of “critical theory in practice” and focuses specifically on Fay’s Critical Social Science (CSS) model. The methods of conflict transformation are then applied to CSS in order to accomplish two goals. First, political conflicts resulting from decision making can be used to transform both individuals and systems. Second, CSS more adequately accounts for some of the non-rational aspects of human nature, such as our resistance to change, thus improving its catalytic validity as a critical social theory. Together, the processes of CSS and conflict transformation provide a framework for enhancing the potential for citizen governance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This result is expected, as grains and oil crops account for the largest portion of international trade, and most of the traded grains and oil crops are produced in rainfed regions of the major trading countries (Schultz et al., Some of the authors have suggested also that “trading green virtual water” is more sensible than “trading blue virtual water” because the opportunity cost of green water is less than that of blue water (Yang et al., In addition, some authors have suggested that “trading green water for blue water” can generate meaningful water savings from a global perspective. The blue-green metaphor provides helpful, descriptive terminology, but there is no inherent, underlying principle that can be called upon to suggest optimal production or trading strategies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It establishes the Fundamental Network for Nature Conservation (RFCN) and the National System of Classified Areas (SNAC). The RFCN regroups the SNAC, National Ecological Reserves (RENs) and National Agricultural Reserves (RANs), as well as the public water domain, with a view to ensuring connectivity. Pursuant to the latter, a second generation of municipal land use plans was initiated in 2002.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Each minister in Sweden is responsible for fulfilling the gender equality goals in his or her specific policy area. In the pursuit of gender equality, Korea has focused on developing women’s capacities, increasing women’s political representation and improving the welfare and civil rights of women. To ensure gender equality, Korea actively promoted gender-mainstreaming strategies in the policymaking process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Most of the remaining spending is paid directly out-of-pocket by households. However, no gender gap exists in the number of healthy life years, as women live a greater proportion of their lives with some disabilities.1 At age 65. At age 50, Belgian men with the lowest level of education can expect to live about six years less than those with the highest education level. The gap among women is slightly smaller (about five years).'
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In addition, young people are particularly vulnerable to economic fluctuations, as their employment rates are strongly affected by the business cycle. While unemployment rates rose slightly and employment rates fell among those aged 16-24 over the decade to 2003 (Quintini and Martin, 2006) of most concern to policy makers are those that are “not in employment, education or training”, or NEETs. Figure 2.12 below reports the share of young people who were NEET in 1995, 2003 and 2008 for those aged 15-19 and 20-24.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Frequently, impacts on child labour have been mainly among older children. The Mexican PROG RES A/Oporfun/c/ac/es/Prospera programme, for example, reduced child work among children aged 12-17 years, especially among boys, and increased school enrolment at the junior high school level (Skoufias and Parker, 2001). Similar findings have been reported in studies evaluating two conditional cash transfer programmes in Cambodia and Pakistan, two school-feeding programmes in Bangladesh and Burkina Faso, one unconditional cash transfer programme in Ecuador and two education fee waiver/ scholarship programmes in Colombia and Indonesia (IEG, 2011). Other studies reported similar findings from the LEAP programme in Ghana (OPM 2013a). In Malawi, however, the SCT programme reduced child wage labour outside the household while it rose inside the household, as younger children replaced adults in performing chores, caring for other household members and working on the farm, nevertheless, this was combined with a substantial rise in school attendance (Covarrubias, Davis and Winters, 2012). The Zambia Child Grant model had no clear impacts on child labour (Daidone, Davis, Dewbre, Gonzalez-Flores etal.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The training programme is developed at the local college in concert with the employer. Colleges design the programmes and their share their experiences. Each community college has an employee assigned to reach out to local business and industry, identify their training needs and find ways to meet them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Historically, the practice of torture focused on the dyad of the torturer and his or her victim in the quest to obtain information. In the past few decades it has become clear that the impact of torture is far beyond the individual and includes society as a whole. The practice of torture is an attempt to instill fear in the community, not merely to oppress a single individual, and as such, the public health impact of torture is far reaching. In response to increasing recognition of torture as a public health problem, a field of research is evolving which seeks how best to help survivors. International law has also provided mechanisms to hold perpetrators accountable. However, the ultimate human rights and public health goal is to prevent torture from occurring at all.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Almost all men (98.5%) and women (98.1%) below age 35 have attained at least upper secondary education in Korea, which is above the OECD average (Figure 4). For men, this proportion is 10 percentage points higher than for their older counterparts, and for women this is almost 15 percentage points higher than for the older generation aged 45 to 54 years. The increase in female employment is a factor contributing to the rise in the number of couples with two earners, whose proportion has increased by 4 percentage points since 2006. Yet, a large minority (43%) of two parent families have only one or no parent working. Source: OECD Employment database and Income Distribution Database.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In particular, it was found that, within rural counties, broadband penetration contributes to job creation in financial services, wholesale trade, and health sectors. This is the result of enterprise relocation enabled by broadband, which benefits primarily urban communities in the periphery of metropolitan areas (Katz et al. Broadband may simultaneously cause labour creation triggered by innovation in services and a productivity effect in labour intensive sectors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Among other things this lead to the adoption of a clear-cut definition of poverty: "'The poor shall be taken to mean persons, families and groups of persons whose resources (material, cultural and social) are so limited as to exclude them from the minimum acceptable way of life in the Member States in which they live." ( It points clearly beyond the merely monetary realm and puts emphasis on the social exclusion process. These two aspects were particularly emphasised by Berghmann (1995: 21) in the table below. Since the 19th century different approaches to the measurement of poverty have evolved as a basis for international and comparative work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis CPB Background Document. Projecting long term medical spending growth. Linking microsimulation and macro-economic models to estimate the economic impact of chronic disease prevention. In: Zaidi A, Harding A, Williamson P, editors. New Frontiers in Microsimulation Modelling. Ashgate: European Centre Vienna: 527-556.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
While reported inclusion of the principles in some form is practically universal, only 21% of countries reported that the teaching hours dedicated to them were 'fully sufficient’ (Figure 14.1). All responding countries in the Arab States, which suffer some of the largest numbers of victims of conflict, included the topic in curricula, compared with between 36% and 74% of countries in other regions. Hence student-level data from the IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) offer an important complementary perspective. Questions in the 2016 ICCS provided interesting insights into students' values and attitudes, especially relating to thematic indicator 4.7.4 - 'Percentage of students by age group (or education level) showing adequate understanding of issues relating to global citizenship and sustainability' (Data focus 14.1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
For a fuller elaboration of the principles see Kim (1992), Harding & Shambaugh (1987), and Zhu (2008). And while the G77 is far from unified on all issues,119 China takes its leadership role within the group seriously - not least by offering support for many of the smaller countries. Although inconsistent across sessions, China has sometimes compromised its own negotiating position in order to remain consistent with the broader group line.120 Consequently, in the practice of foreign policy, while China's emissions profile demands it take a more active and more "responsible" stance in the international negotiations, China's image of itself as a developing country - with matching interests and coherent allies - is not likely to wane any time soon. This goal that was formalised in the Cancun Agreements in December 2010 and is further covered by domestic legislation under the twelfth five-year programme (2011 to 2015].
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This article considers the terrorism financing risk associated with the growth of Financial Technology innovations and in particular, focuses on virtual currency products and services. The ease with which cross-border payments by virtual currencies are facilitated, the anonymity surrounding their usage, and their potential to be converted into the fiat financial system, make them ideal for terrorism financing and therefore calls for a coordinated global regulatory response. This article considers the extent of the risk of terrorism financing through virtual currencies in “high risk” States by focusing on countries that have been recently associated with terrorism activities. It assesses the robustness of their financial regulatory and law enforcement regimes in combating terrorism financing and considers the extent to which Regulatory Technology and its global standardization, can mitigate this risk.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)