albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The problem is that U. prolifera is presently an unwanted and uncontrolled growing nuisance species of limited commercial value. The solution may be to create a competition for nutrients by intentionally cultivating species, which not only carry on the biomitigation, but also have a commercial value, where U. prolifera starts to enter the coastal environment in order to control its proliferation. This time, the IMTA concept has to be interpreted as an integrated land pond/coastal aquaculture system in a supra Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) effort, beyond provincial borders, to address issues at the Yellow Sea scale. We understand that this “out of the box” approach to ICZM will, initially, raise eyebrows as the idea of growing more seaweeds (but of commercial value) to contain the proliferation of other seaweeds, presently considered nuisances, is not the most intuitive approach for a lot of people or decision makers!
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Does the option help to alleviate poverty, and address distributional and equity issues, and ensure food security? The second prioritisation analysed the options in more detail to decide when and where they would be implemented. A wide range of criteria was chosen and evaluated through a literature review and a stakeholder workshop.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Unweighted average of EU member countries that are also members of the OECD, excluding Luxembourg. Although, there is some portability of financial support, it is unlikely to provide sufficient means to study abroad without additional private resources. For example, students studying abroad for a limited period, primarily through the ERASMUS programme, can continue to receive scholarships (merit-based, Zois, and means-tested, national scholarship) under the same conditions as the students remaining in Slovenia (for further details on the scholarships, see Box 3.4 of OECD, 2009b). If students go abroad to study in programmes that are not available in Slovenia or they can prove that studying abroad will substantially enhance their expertise and employability, they also can claim the national scholarships for the entire duration of studies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In most countries, a sizable minority of people affirms that education is more important for a boy than for a girl (Panel D). The share has decreased in a number of countries (most notably Peru and Morocco), while it has increased in others (e.g. India and South Africa). While international comparisons may suffer from subjectivity in the interpretation of survey questions, the anti-egalitarian views captured by WVS display strong negative correlations with female employment rates and with the gender pay gap across OECD countries (Fortin, 2005).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Municipalities and many states use protected areas primarily as land management instruments. These include indigenous lands (referred to as latu sensu protected areas) and quilombola lands (Box 5.2), as well as the so-called Areas of Permanent Preservation (APPs) and Legal Reserves (RLs) that landholders are required to preserve under the 2012 Forest Code (Law for the Protection of Native Vegetation). However, many private lands have not respected these quotas (Chapter 4).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The author discusses the commentaries and criticisms presented in the «Brescia’s Seminar» organized on FERRAJOLI’S last work, Principia iuris. FERRAJOLI’S answer is threefold: 1) Questions on meta-theory of law and democracy. The topics here discussed are connected to: the axiomatic method, his conception of legal theory, legal dogmatics, sociology of law and political philosophy, and FERRAJOLI’S understanding of constitutionalism in terms of legal positivism. 2) Questions on legal theory. Here, FERRAJOLI includes problems connected to his conception of legal gaps and legal contradictions, as well as the relationship between law and logic, specifically the topic of implicit norms. 3) Questions on theory of democracy: the foundations of human rights, constitutional democracy, the relationship between constitutional democracy, political power and sovereignty, the constitutive character of the employment contract and the techniques to fulfill legal gaps, separation of powers and garantism, war and international relations, and «methodological optimism».
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
A shift from driving a car to unprotected modes of transport can - and probably will - be the effect of these measures which might be detrimental for older persons, as using these modes tends to be far more dangerous for them than driving a car (Hakamies-Blomqvist et al. Practice in European countries on the licensing of older drivers varies greatly. Some countries require renewal of the driving license at a certain age, whereas others do not. Those countries that do often require some sort of medical examination (Table 7.3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In addition, by putting less weight on the upper part of the earnings distribution, the Gini index of the logarithm of earnings may yield a country ranking that differs from that of the Gini index. The logarithm of the 90/10 percentile ratio does not have these two weaknesses and is therefore preferred in this article. The main limitation of this measure is that it only builds on the estimated effect of explanatory variables at the 10th and 90th percentiles, and leaves aside effects on the middle class.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Previous estimates by the Chicago Department of Water Management suggest that the installation of new metres and replacement of aging water mains and pumping stations could result in up to 2 000 construction jobs (Schrock and Sundquist, 2009). To support this work, there would be demand for civil engineers, although whether this would result in sectoral growth or simply represent new project opportunities for existing firms is unclear. Reducing the share of solid waste that goes to landfill by increasing the recycling of municipal waste, constiuction and demolition (C&D) materials and composting could help reduce GHG emissions generated by waste.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
AbstractUniversity libraries have a range of exhibit spaces used to promote their own collections that they also make available to different communities. The American Library Association Library Bill of Rights provides guidelines regarding exhibits and exhibit spaces to assist libraries in upholding free speech and rights. The author provides a review of library exhibit policies in the context of the Library Bill of Rights and examines whether these policies support the principles of intellectual freedom and freedom of expression. The policies reveal limits on academic freedom that question the concept of library neutrality.[This article is based on a paper presented as part of the “Connecting the Past to the Present: Promoting Cultural Understanding through Collections and Exhibitions” session at the ARLIS/NA + VRA joint conference held in Seattle, Washington, in March 2016.]
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The price of primary EUAs was €5.55 ($7.56) per tonne of C02 (tCO,) on 17 June 2014. One hundred and fifty-five new CDM projects (none in forestry) were registered in the period January 2013 to June 2014, bringing the total number of registered CDM projects to 7,516. Only four new Joint Implementation (Jl) projects were registered between June 2013 and May 2014 in the Jl planning stage, none of them in forestry.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Men are three times more likely than women to own a business with employees. Women rarely own large businesses and their average earnings from self-employment are up to 60% lower than for men. Cultural norms, stereotypes and lack of role models make women less interested in an entrepreneurial career and less confident in their capacities as entrepreneurs. Other obstacles such as time shortages and the composition of their professional networks lead women to start relatively small businesses, with low levels of initial capital and bank financing. These obstacles establish a competitive disadvantage for companies owned by women, which translates in levels of labour productivity that are 5 to 30% lower than those of companies owned by men. This paper also presents examples of policy initiatives in the domains of credit, training and awareness raising that can unlock the double dividend of women’s entrepreneurship: higher empowerment of women and more productive businesses.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Theory and experience shows that individual quotas often lead to resource conservation as they eliminate the race to fish, improve safety, reduce gear conflicts and loss, lead to greater economic stability, and improve the quality of the fish landed. Having the quotas transferable further lowers operating costs, improves resources rents and the investment climate, reduces fleet capacity, and increases profitability. But there might be social objectives that call for limitation on the transferability of quotas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
A biome is a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a geographic region. The MMA is developing methodology to assess the ecological status of indigenous lands, as well as their management, demarcation and land regularisation, to verify their contribution to the national protected area targets (MMA, 2015a). The contribution of APPs and RLs will be known only after the full registration of these lands in the Rural Environmental Cadastre (Chapter 4). In May 2015, ICMBio was responsible for the management of 320 protected areas (all federal protected areas except private natural heritage reserves). Ecological corridors are areas of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities or structures such as roads development or logging.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In most OECD countries, hospital performance is measured either as absolute targets or observed changes overtime. Estonia and the Netherlands also use P4P in primary care but did not provide additional information. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom also use P4P for outpatient specialist cate but did not provide additional information. The categoiy "other" refers to hospital management in Luxembourg and the efficient use of medication in France.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Knowing that their wages will be imposed on non-members through statutory extension, unions are less likely to moderate their claims and employers are more likely to agree to them. The experience with the Jobs Strategy shed relatively little light on the effect of changing such arrangements, since in most countries such institutional arrangements change little over time. The labour market outcomes of countries that had already weakened or abandoned such procedures before the Jobs Strategy, such as New Zealand and Australia, were positive, however, and the concern with legal extensions was retained in the revised Jobs Strategy. Some though not all empirical studies have found that high labour taxes are associated with higher unemployment rates (Belot and Van Ours, 2004, Nickell, 1997), and Elmeskov et al. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In this article, I consider the extent to which the changing dynamics of state regulation may help to explain some of the systemic and structural obstacles confronting equality rights claimants. First, we have witnessed a significant restructuring of the post-war social welfare state, partially supplanted by neo-liberal policies over the past two decades, Neo-liberal government policies challenge the more egalitarian redistributive ethos of an earlier era and are less conducive to the promotion of substantive equality. Secondly, there continues to be considerable institutional resistance to the implementation of human rights norms, due to factors both external (i.e., socio-economic forces, globalization) and internal to societal institutions. These obstacles reveal that formal law reform is not a panacea for remedying social problems and inequities. The intersection between law and social transformation is much more complex than an instrumentalist vision of law would suggest. What should we do in the face of these obstacles?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
They can improve well-being, social inclusion and economic progress, as long as the government introduces the necessary reforms. Capacity building should take into account and promote the link between education and the jobs market (Chapter 3) and lead to better social inclusion in participatory democratic societies. Education should promote a person’s integral development for his or her productive and social inclusion, developing both cognitive skills and soft skills.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This article advocates a nonviolent approach to social justice education. First, social justice education literature is reviewed, and two contrasting and influential approaches—critical theory and poststructural theory—are the focus of critical analysis. A nonviolent approach is proposed as an alternative. Second, the notion of social justice is reexamined to reveal its tie with the notion of the individual, and the concept of nonviolence in its emphasis on relationality is discussed. Three facets of nonviolence are further elaborated: relational dynamics, inner peace, and nonviolent means. Third, these facets are translated into important aspects of a pedagogy of nonviolence: Integrating the inner and the outer work, shifting the struggles of opposites to the interdependence of differences, using and improvising nonviolent teaching strategies. To enrich theoretical understandings and inspire practical insights, this article also interweaves international wisdom traditions (including African ubuntu, Buddi...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In particular, this chapter analyses the opportunities for coastal regions to develop “blue" economies, which promote sustainable economic development and job creation in a marine environment. International examples are provided to demonstrate how the concept of the blue economy is incorporated ivithin local development strategies. These examples highlight global trends in the marine economy along with strategies for promoting blue growth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The paper explores the development of consultative duties in Canadian constitutional law by the Supreme Court of Canada. While a duty of consultation is most familiar in aboriginal law matters, the Court has recognized similar duties in the areas of judicial compensation and of freedom of association and collective bargaining. In each area, the boundary between substantiive and procedural rights has been at issue, as has the degree to which principles of procedural justice in administrative law are applicable. The paper compares and contrasts these and other themes in the different areas in which the Court has found consultation to be an appropriate resolution to a constitutional dilemma.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The bureau has launched an ambitious project of data gathering in EE consumption of buildings.27 It is too soon to measure the impacts that the BEE training programme is likely to have on the Indian EE sector, however, it is a notable step in the right direction and should be underlined as such. In (i) devising additional EE lending schemes, (ii) making efforts to market the new and existing schemes, (iii) empanelling certified, reputable energy auditors, (iv) developing standardised energy audit templates, and (v) developing in-house skills, and/or identifying a pool of external experts to assist on technical matters in the appraisal process. Their small size and proportionate equity levels mean that they face challenges similar to those encountered by customers investing in individual end-use projects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It is important to include private R&D in analyses because the growth rate in public agricultural R&D investments has slowed and there has been an increase in the rate of private R&D (Pardey et al., To calculate future expenditures for public agricultural R&D, the “Government budget appropriations or outlays for RDin agriculture was used.10 For the estimation of private expenditures, the “Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and socio-economic objective in NABS200T’ was used. Private agricultural R&D expenditure is defined as R&D expenditures by private NPOs and business enterprises.11 To estimate private expenditures on agricultural R&D in the United States, data from Research Investments and Market Structure in the Food Processing, Agricultural Input, and Biofuel Industries Worldwide (Fuglie et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Females and males do not differ significantly in this regard. There are disturbing data on the migrants' limited awareness about sexual and reproductive health, which might lead to the spread of sexually transmitted infections and having unwanted/unexpected pregnancies. Bearing in mind the strong transnational ties that exist, it can be hypothesized that this factor can take a toll on the countries of origin. As in other settings, it is highly gendered, being tightly connected with ideals of masculinity in the subregion, which is reflected in the dominance of men among migrants. However, the gender order of Kyrgyzstan, which is characterized by much better positions of women, is conducive to more gender-balanced migration, with women making up almost half of the migrants and many of them being under the age of 30.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This shows the danger of too rigid adherence to traditional knowledge but in this case had the curious result that the tradition was pre-adapted to present-day climate changes. The solution to the mystery is found in the history of our calendar system: Pope Gregory VIII arranged a calendar reform in 1582, whereby the differences of the Julian calendar could be corrected to the sun year to a large extent. The day of the “Cold Sophie” (15 May) was the date in the old calendar and corresponds to today’s 22 May. Therefore the effects of the “Ice Saints” were traditionally felt in the period 19-22 May. (Today’s warmer climate means that the new saint’s days earlier in May correctly predict the period of cold spells). Sensitive transplants should only be put in the garden beds after this date. (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This unpaid work commitment can also discourage women from having children. This perception stems not only from norms and social expectations around childrearing, but also from legal institutions and policies that treat men and women differently, such as maternity and paternity leave schemes in most (including OECD) countries. At the same time, stereotypes and expectations that men will heavily engage in the labour market - rather than provide family care - take away valuable time that fathers may want to spend with their family.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jenisalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Clearly, therefore, sharing practices in such families are an important parameter to factor into evaluations of family policy and gender equality in Germany and elsewhere. Couple families where the man is the main earner are common in Germany, as in much of the OECD.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It is calculated on the basis of the number of persons who, during the specified short reference period, were simultaneously: a) without work, b) currently available for work, but c) not actively seeking work, as a percentage of the youth labour force. In standard labour accounting the discouraged are not considered part of the labour force. Often discouraged youth are poor and disconnected from labour markets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
L/V/l I.111 Doc. The consequences of this are far-reaching. While the concept and legal protection of the 'family' may vary from country to country, the application of human rights norms and standards described in earlier sections should be ensured by all branches of the State (i.e., executive, legislative, and judicial). This means, for exam pie, that when adopting laws, designing policies or deciding on a judicial case, authorities should recognize the diversity of families within the country concerned and ensure that all families and family members enjoy their rights without discrimination of any kind, with due respect of the principles of the best interests of the child and the right to live a life free of violence.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In the biobanking pilot in France, the security of tenure at the Coussouls de Crau site was secured in an innovative way involving two distinct stages. They then contracted out the land management activities to improve site biodiversity to the non-profit Provence Ecosystem Study Conservatory and the public Chamber of Agriculture for a 30-year period. In Madagascar, the Rio Tinto QMM offsets project converted six offset sites into protected areas, including three on-site offsets that were selected as avoidance zones from application of the mitigation hierarchy. Protection against subsequent land-use change was then delivered through amendments to land title where they financed the legal conversion of the offset sites into protected areas under Malagasy law (ICCM and IUCN, 2012, Temple et al., Specifically, the A65 Pau-Langon motorway is subject to countervailing measures longer than 60 years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
China's energy consumption and carbon emissions will continue to rise. These aspects are shown as the baseline scenario in figure 1.8. Under this "innovative, inclusive and sustainable growth” scenario, China is pursuing holistic structural reform, which helps the country to sustain relatively high rates of economic growth even as the labour force shrinks and capital accumulation slows, while it realizes shared and green development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In this article an autoethnographic approach is used to explore the author’s work with families living in poverty who are involved in the child protection and family court systems. The psychological and social impacts of poverty and structural inequalities on families are highlighted through case studies, as is the influence of wider policy and political contexts on social work practice with children and families. The capability approach developed by Amartya Sen is outlined and its relevance to social work practice discussed. The article concludes that the capability approach, particularly when complemented by the work of Nancy Fraser, offers possibilities for the development of critical social work practice with families living in poverty within a human rights and social justice framework.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In the Slovak Republic, Italy, the Russian Federation and Poland, less than 20% of low-skilled adults reported participation in any form of adult education. The gap in participation rates between adults with low and high literacy proficiency is on average 44 percentage points (30% compared to 74% respectively). In the case of formal education, this difference is 12 percentage points (6% compared to 18%). In relative terms, however, the difference in rates is even greater in the case of formal education, where highly proficient adults are three times more likely to participate than adults with low proficiency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)