albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Attendance improved and negative behaviour decreased from one year to the next. In addition, teachers felt that all students were more engaged when assistive technology was used for whole class instruction.2'18 This approach can be used in small groups, pairs or individually with a touch screen laptop. However, it was felt that the 'challenges' lie with the educators - to design pedagogical practice, classrooms and school communities that reach and teach all students.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Although this might suggest an increasing trend in water-related conflicts overall, these data must be interpreted with caution, as much of the increase could be attributable to greater awareness (and reporting) of such incidents. The eruption of armed conflict in several regions of the world during the period from 2010 to 2018 may also have influenced this apparent trend. They are also particularly vulnerable to impacts of climate change (Castaneda Aguilar et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It is also about meeting one of the key “learning principles” outlined above: promoting horizontal connectedness, including connections between the worlds of education and the broader social worlds beyond school boundaries. Growing and sustaining ILE reform is about helping to create ever denser clusters of 21st learning practice so that critical masses of practice and change may be reached. Further, it is about recognising that in contemporary learning systems, formal institutional provision is only one part of the whole.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This assessment, comprising information on infrastructure, access, productivity and patient satisfaction, results in a score which allows hospitals to be ranked into one of five categories as described more fully in Chapter 4. Each evaluation team consists of 4 people, a team leader, and at least one physician, who are drawn from a pool of 368 trained evaluators. Each standard, within the Health Care Quality Standards is evaluated as “Yes, No or Not applicable”. According to their importance, standards are pre-weighted.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The biggest increases in that time were in Finland, New Zealand, and Sweden. Turkey saw the largest decrease in inequality, although its overall level of inequality remained high. Forecasts for 2060 suggest that gross earnings inequality could continue to rise in the OECD if current trends persist (Braconier et al., It ranges in value from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Business participants in UNGC make a commitment to make the Global Compact’s ten principles part of their business strategies and their day-to-day operations. At the same time, companies are required to issue an annual Communication on Progress (COP), a public disclosure to stakeholders (e.g. investors, consumers, civil society, Governments, etc.) Ten Principles: Human Rights Principle 1: Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights, and Principle 2: make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses. Labour Principle 3: Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining, Principle 4: the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour, Principle 5: the effective abolition of child labour, and Principle 6: the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
For instance, the number of children who could not be placed in a pre-school was high in Ljubljana in 2009, reaching 18% of the total enrolment in the city, almost half of the children who could not be admitted into a pre-school programme in Slovenia were in Ljubljana. However, there are no signs of excess demand in smaller towns and average class sizes also tend to be lower. Considering the disparate financial conditions of municipalities due to the economic downturn and rising enrolments in kindergartens, many local governments lack the resources to provide high quality services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Introductory observations Part I. Setting the Framework: 1. The increasing interactions between foreign investment law and international environmental law 2. Conceptualising interactions 3. Synergies 4. Conflicts I - soft-control mechanisms 5. Conflicts II - adjudication mechanisms Part II. Normative Conflicts: 6. Normative priority in international law 7. Foreign investment and the international regulation of freshwater 8. Foreign investment and the protection of biological and cultural diversity 9. Foreign investment and the international regulation of dangerous substances and activities 10. Foreign investment and the climate change regime Part III. Legitimacy Conflicts: 11. Normative priority between different legal systems 12. Environmental measures and expropriation clauses 13. Environmental measures and non-discrimination standards 14. Environmental measures, stability and due process 15. Defence arguments based on environmental considerations Concluding observations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The projections for the most recent period mark a new phase of slower progress. Obstacles have included volatile commodity prices, higher food and energy prices, rising unemployment and economic recessions in the late 1990s and in 2008/2009. Frequent extreme weather events and natural disasters have also taken a considerable toll on lives and livelihoods, and eventually on progress towards global food security. In a growing number of countries, political instability and civil strife have aggravated the effects of natural disasters, resulting in numerous and significant humanitarian crises.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Investment support, classified as payments based on fixed capital formation, has decreased in recent years, but that may reflect delays in implementing the recent RDP. As a result, they were equivalent to 22% of payments to producers in 2016, compared to 12% in 2004. The highest increase was for innovation-related expenditures on research and development, extension and agricultural education, which increased tenfold.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Consequently, there are no data and no analysis on the current impact from climate change on forests. Among these, the w'etlands of karst fields are particularly sensitive. Although some reports systematically cover climate change issues, there is still no established system for monitoring the incidence of certain diseases in a particular region that could be linked to changes in some climate parameters and subsequent natural disasters. Data gathered from the institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina have not been used for development of a clear response methodology for crisis situations caused by climate change, including the preventive measures that must be implemented in order to avoid the occurrence of crisis situations, or mitigating measures for consequences caused by climate change (e.g. reduced food yield due to drought or flooding or a shortage of safe drinking water).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
A Core Curriculum for Pre-School Education (2000) was established from 2001 and renewed in 2010 with National Curriculum Guidelines on ECEC (2003, renewed in 2005) for the design of local curricula. In addition, legislation on early childhood education and development of uniform pre-primary education instruction are in progress to ensure that all children have equal prerequisites. Working groups of education officials, researchers and teachers are focusing on structure and national objectives (set in June 2012), conceptions of learning, support for learning and the different subjects. The renewal aims to build on strengths, supporting student growth and focusing on the core educational content and local pedagogical development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The Government of the United Kingdom and WBC have addressed women’s economic participation through a multi-layered approach to systemic and structural causes that need to be taken into account to increase gender equity in the workforce. The lack of flexible working arrangements, inadequate childcare provision and barriers to career breaks (for parental leave or other reasons) hinder the advancement of women along the leadership pipeline, all of which contribute to discriminatory practice and bias. For example, new legislation on shared parental leave and flexible working hours aim to institutionalise resources for employees to be able to accommodate career and family responsibilities (WBC 2013a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In some Lander, assessment of several subjects may still be entirely processed by teachers, but the trend clearly moves away from decentralised testing. School principals are the ones who issue the certificates. However, after completion of upper secondary' education, students who want to proceed with education are requested to pass the Juken, which is the higher education entrance exam. Most education systems have divided responsibilities for assessment in upper secondary education between central agencies and schools.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
With the possible exception of sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of stunting is rapidly decreasing, but child overweight is increasing [43]. Undernutrition in children is expected to be associated with greater child food insecurity. The magnitude and direction of any association of overnutrition with child food insecurity probably depends on the severity of the food insecurity. In part, the slippage among these constructs reflects limitations in the data that are currently available.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Targeted capacity building could address many of the barriers and challenges to biodiversity mainstreaming that have been identified. Addressing issues of capacity building and providing the necessary technical support assistance would assist further development and co-operation. Products usually include guidelines, maps or databases that assist with integrating biodiversity into regulatory or production processes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Interest rates are set on a commercial basis for local currency loans (where possible) with maturities between 10 and 18 years. For example, between 2005 and 2006, the EBRD made 28 loans to sub-sovereign entities without such a guarantee for a total volume of more than EUR 350 million. The EBRD also provides direct financing to municipally-owned or partially municipally-owned companies without a municipal guarantee. The Bank has been able to support this kind of risk thanks to a very deliberate approach to risk mitigation. They carefully select partner cities with an initial focus on revenue generating projects. They combine financial assistance (through loans priced at a commercial rate but sized conservatively) with technical assistance to support the reform process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The strategy therefore aims at the efficient use of all available funds, mainstreaming of biodiversity across sectors, as well as the mobilisation of additional resources for biodiversity, including through new financing mechanisms or reallocation of funds. The major source of funding has been by government, through an annual allocation of over $3.5 million to biodiversity related agencies. Additional contributions come from revenues generated by national agencies, such as the Uganda Wildlife Authority, and also donor support. Coordination with the operations of civil society organizations provides other financial opportunities through biodiversity research and inventories, increasing public awareness, policy support and detailed species and site conservation activities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Latin American and Caribbean Region, The World Bank, Washington, DC. Economy Profile: Mexico, The World Bank, Washington, DC. The selection of the two states has been made jointly by the OECD secretariat and Mexico’s Ministry of Economy, namely its Undersecretary Office for SMEs, in light of the very different economic structure of the two states providing more scope for learning on policy adaptation to local needs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
To some extent the same argumentation is valid also for the shops themselves - the possibility for the shop to order smaller amounts of different products will help the shop to a broad selection of commodities not creating waste of those commodities that were not sold. So optimal packaging should be the key-word. Different chains have different standards, but all common is the fact that they all try to distribute the products that first arrived first. In the connection to this it is also mentioned that close deliveries makes it easier to order the right amounts (this is valid both for wholesalers and retailers).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Sloan and Sayer (2015) noted that in Southeast Asia planted forests contribute around 49 percent of total wood production. However, underlying benefits of plantations in terms of biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services are usually far fewer than those provided by primary forests and plantation species often have a much lower timber value than native forest species. Their main purposes were initially to address deforestation, these measures are now acting as a positive driver because they are addressing weaknesses in forest legislation and law enforcement in the GMS.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Students' socio-economic status explains 6.7% of the variation in familiarity with mathematics within the country. Around 70% of the students who have at least one tertiary educated parent reported that they know well or have often heard of the concept of linear equation, on average across OECD countries, only 52% of students whose parents have only primary education as their highest level of attainment so reported. Similarly, around 55% of students with highly educated parents and only 35% of students with low-educated parents reported that they know well or have frequently been exposed to the geometric concept of cosine.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
There has also been an increase in illegal logging overall, possibly due to lack of compliance with (and sometimes lack of awareness of) Natura 2000-related legislation. At the same time, Government authorities claim that there is a problem because private citizens whose forested land was identified as a SPA or an SCI with forest restricted sites have not yet been appropriately compensated for economic losses associated with the land use changes stipulated under the Natura 2000 criteria. The Natura 2000 legislation assigns 12 types of compensation, but the affected private citizens have not had adequate access to this compensation. In 2011, an allocation of 3 million lei (about €0.7 million) for compensation was disbursed, but for requests addressed to MoEF in previous years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. This legacy, along with more recent evolutions in the country’s economy and urban development (see Chapter 1) has shaped current water management institutions, policies and practices. Furthermore, major policy decisions and instruments for water developed in the 1970-80s were dedicated to supply augmentation that would enable economic growth and meet increasing water demand in cities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Recent discussion of neoliberalism has turned from its seemingly inevitable and monolithic character to its contingencies, limits and frailties. Its value as a category of explanation is also being questioned. This chapter examines global free trade through the lens of a dead mouse that catalyzed a global botulism scare in mid-2013 and threatened to overturn economic relationships established by the NZ-China Free Trade Agreement. Inside this story are many others: the messiness of routine globalizing economy, the vibrant materialities of non-human actors and the growing disjuncture between rhetorics of trade liberalization and the actual work of assembling and experimenting in new trade spaces. The chapter argues for a post-structuralist political economy that highlights messiness in economic practice and seeks a new politics of accountability.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
On the impact of housing cash benefits on rents paid by low-income groups, see Conseil des Prelevements Obligatoires (2011) and Facks (2005). The same logic applies to cash transfers. For both taxes and transfers, policy indicators have been assembled for each of the three dimensions using the OECD Income Distribution and Poverty Database and various other OECD Databases. To identify the tax and transfer policy framework, the country profiles show for each country the value of each indicator compared with the OECD average.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
At its 10th meeting, on 15 May, the Forum considered agenda item 5 jointly with items 3, 4, 6, 7 (Multi-stakeholder dialogue) and 9. At the 2nd meeting, on 4 May, an introductory statement was made by the Director of the Forum secretariat. At the same meeting, a statement was made by the Assistant Director-General of the Forestry Department of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Chair of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Transmission losses probably differ among production technologies, a main factor being grid versus off-grid technologies. However, we found that using the production mixes was the best proxy we could get for the consumption mixes. Those mixes are obtained from World Bank data (World Development Indicators 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It goes on to document both the declining availability of "good” jobs, overall, and women’s increasing marginalization from them, even as their employment rate relative to men’s has risen. It focuses on evaluating the effects of structural transformation and technological change, and the structural and policy consequences of globalization and growth. Section F evaluates how women's employment prospects affect the labour share of income, underscoring how gender inequality in the labour market is damaging for all workers, both women and men. Different types of economic shocks or patterns of growth affect women and men differently, for example when labour-intensive exports increase the relative demand for women's labour, or austerity programmes have disproportionately adverse impacts on mothers and children.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
About 70 000 km" are inshore (estuarine and brackish waters and embayments), and about 170 000 km' are coastal offshore waters. In total, about 4% of estuarine/brackish water and about 5% of shelf area are affected globally by hypoxia of some type. This translates to losses in ecosystem services estimated to be billions of US dollars (Diaz, Rabalais and Breitburg, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The new early childhood policy should set clear objectives to guide the work of these agencies and other institutions involved in ECEC provision, and to support stronger monitoring and accountability. Ensure that funding is adequate and equitable. Public funding for ECEC should be increased as a central strategy to reduce poverty and improve education outcomes. Resources need to be targeted more effectively to reach the most disadvantaged cliildren and regions of the countiy and more cost-effective delivery mechanisms explored to achieve wider coverage (e.g. community and family-based programmes).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Although the International Charter can only be activated by authorized members during emergencies, it can be activated for disasters in any country for acquisition and dissemination of space data to share with relevant national authorities.60 For the Asia-Pacific region, the International Charter was activated on average for 14 per cent of disaster events -15 times in 2012,25 in 2013, and 20 in 2014 - more than half of global activations in those years. This enhances the capacity to restore systems to functionality. By contrast, retrofitting such capabilities into existing systems is expensive and time-consuming. Countries should therefore consider additional forms of connectivity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Value is 3 881% for Ghana, 2 016% for Honduras, 2 624% for South Africa. When I gave the Ramadan Majlis Lecture in Abu Dhabi in August 2015, the crown prince and his cabinet expressed a deep commitment to improve the education system rapidly and profoundly. The country is now on its way to raising the status of education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
These countries have not set up river basin organisations, and mainly involve municipalities in public service delivery at local level. In Israel, the responsibility for managing water supply and sewage treatment is shared among the national actors, such as the Israeli Water Authority and five ministries (Environmental Protection, Health, Finance, Foreign Affairs, and Infrastructure). The final approval for issuing all water allocations, standards, tariffs and regulations is given by the Water Authority Council Forum.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Assessments now typically involve an “intense regional planning effort” which takes in the views of many stakeholders in order to maximise the environmental benefits to the watershed (USACE, 2008). Biodiversity offsets that are delivered in 20 or 30 years, for example, are intuitively less valuable to society than if those same biodiversity offsets were already fully functioning today (ICCM and IUCN, 2012). A biodiversity offset is typically defined by the level of ecological functionality that it will have when it reaches ecological maturity. Even if offsets prove to be successful in the future, there is a deficit of biodiversity in the landscape until the offset reaches ecological maturity which, for some ecosystem types, may take decades or more (Table 4.4). Temporary reductions in biodiversity can also increase the risk of unintended, irreversible biodiversity outcomes such as species extinction (Evans et al., Readily colonised by water beetles and dragonflies but fauna restricted to those with limited specialisations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
People involved in accidents who are 65 years or older incur a relatively higher share of accident cost in accidents involving pedestrians and motorised vehicles than other age groups (Figures 2.13 and Figure A.3). The difference arises both because relatively more elderly people are victims in such accidents and because the injuries they sustain tend to be more severe than the injuries of younger victims. The total percentage of accident cost from such accidents accounts for 52.7% of total accident costs for the elderly, but only 26.3% of the total cost for all other people affected by traffic accidents.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This is a somewhat logical finding, as active practices could be thought of as more risky than direct-teaching methods. It can be challenging to use ICT in your teaching or have students work in groups if you are not confident that you have the skills needed in pedagogy, content or classroom management. The data indicate that when teachers direct student learning, students are slightly more likely to be successful in solving the easiest mathematics problems in PISA.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)