albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
By 2030, when most major countries will have middle aged or elderly workforces, India’s will still be young. Around 36% of the Indian population in 2011-12 was 17 years or younger and around 13% was between 18 and 24 years (Table 3.3). The informal economy also accounted for nearly half of the employment for those between 18 and 24.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This means the partnerships have some semblance of recognition, such that they have been entmsted with the responsibility to act. This provides clues to the level or recognition (by other levels of government), its ability to realise objectives (implementation tools) and financial acumen. On the topic of spatial planning, the case of Rennes, France offers a unique approach—it is an inter-municipal structure called the Rennes Metropole with a dedicated revenue source that elaborates a common spatial plan for the territoiy that’s is then binding for local land use plans.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
It recognizes that funding from all sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, domestic and international, as well as alternative sources will need to be tapped into to effectively exploit the benefits of cities. For example, the African Union (AU), in collaboration with the Economic Commission for Africa and UN-Flabitat, is developing a regional framework aligned with Africa Agenda 2063, the SDGs, the Paris Agreement among others. In Europe, the 2016 regional urban agenda2 has been further aligned with the global urban agendas through action plans and linked directly with the urban related SDGs targets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This problem is particularly marked in the case of STIs, identification and management of which is chiefly organised around the low-cost route of syndromic management, which eschews expensive diagnostics in favour of broad-based treatment of symptomatic cases, as a result, there is little incentive for diagnostic technology manufacturers to invest in South Africa, and little translation of genomic research findings into clinical practice. In addition, respondents proposed that international collaboration could also play a valuable educative role. It was suggested that the insecure funding situation for genomic research and implementation can be attributed to a lack of awareness among public health agencies and policy makers, who are inclined to perceive genomics as a basic research field, and hence of limited significance for public health.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This planning tradition became less prevalent after the 1970s, which resulted in considerably less dense outward development in the municipalities outside the central city. While provincial and city land use plans continued to stress compact development and public transit use, the realities in many parts of the Toronto region were urban sprawl and high car use, as a result of the application of many land use instruments, such as zoning by-laws and building codes, that did not support compact, higher-density development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
It does not include activities where the support for the private sector is channelled through public sector agencies e.g. credit lines through state owned banks or challenge funds managed by NGOs, which are covered in the second category. This approach has been used in two previous OECD analyses in Miyamoto and Chiofalo (2015) and Miyamoto and Biousse (2014). This approach has been used in a previous OECD analysis in Brown and Wang (2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
As a result, even where power price reforms have occurred, they are insufficient to create major incentives for efficiency or reductions in demand. Communication and transport systems expand access to information, goods, finances and people to better enable access to water in more efficient ways to meet the needs to sustain local livelihoods. As Biswas (2008) points out, such calls for comprehensive planning have a long history. A unique feature here is that whereas in the past such strategies as “integrated rural development” (IRD) were wholly national or sub-national attempts, now the proposition is to include cross-border collaboration in multisector planning covering entire river basins.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Media campaigns and publications are used to keep the public informed about the main issues of the gender budget review process. A growing number of other civil society organizations now engage with the broader budget process or focus on particular sectors such as health, education, water and agriculture. Government reports and budgets include more sex-disaggregated data and gender analysis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This essay outlines and extends the discussion of the ‘argumentative turn’ in public policy as it has evolved since 1993 and points to possible future directions of argumentative policy analysis. First emerging in 1993, the contributions over these two decades include a focus on deliberation and deliberative democracy, discourse and discursive institutionalism, social constructivism and interpretation, rhetoric and semiotics, post-structural policy analysis, participatory and collaborative policy analysis, and more. In this contribution, the role of language and ideas in policy-making are underscored, the challenge posed to neopositivist policy analysis by the complexity of today’s ‘messy problems’ and the role that deliberative argumentation can play in dealing with such problems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The mean value of annual precipitation for both the Sava River Basin and the Adriatic Sea Basin has not changed significantly in the period 1961— 2014 (table 6.3). In the period 1991-2014, annual precipitation in the Sava River Basin was 44 mm higher than in the period 1961-1990. However, the range has increased (769 mm compared with 407 mm) and the minimum value is lower at 100 mm, whereas the maximum value is higher at 262 mm. Accordingly, the value of variance is significantly higher in the period 1991-2014.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
A similar outcome is expected for Vanuatu as it is expected to meet the target for neonatal mortality but not for under-five mortality by 2030, Vanuatu is expected to achieve the under-five mortality target by 2050. On the other hand, while Nauru is expected to achieve the under-five mortality target, it is not expected to achieve the neonatal target, even by 2050. Similarly, Tonga is expected to achieve the neonatal target but not the under-five mortality target, even by 2050. As such, both countries are expected to record mixed outcomes on this target for 2030 and 2050.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
More than 80% of the delineated Natura 2000 forest area is on LP-administered land. A survey conducted in 2006-11 by the Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection revealed that natural forest habitats in the network had predominantly poor or bad conservation status, only 30% of their area was in good condition (MoE, 2013). ( It should be noted that the survey shows the non-forest Natura 2000 habitats to be in similar shape.) Natura 2000 also requires significant investments: financing needs for the network in 2014-20 are estimated at more than 12 times the level of spending in 2007-13 (Section 4.3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Greater access to data also has beneficial spill-overs, whereby data can be used and re-used to open up significant growth opportunities, or to generate benefits across society in ways that could not be foreseen when the data were created. In this sense, data are the new' “R&D” for 21st century innovation systems. The share of businesses adopting ICTs is (20% to up to 70%) higher among innovators, depending on the year, the type of ICTs and the type of innovation considered.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Introduction: Talking Sex and Sexuality in China "Elaine Jeffreys "1. Transformations in the Primary Life Cycle: The Origins and Nature of China's Sexual Revolution "Pan Suiming "2. Sex, Politics and the Policing of Virtue in the People's Republic of China "Gary Sigley "3. Contesting Citizenship: Marriage and Divorce in the People's Republic of China "Margaret Y.K. Woo "4. Regulating Male Same-Sex Relationships in the People's Republic of China "Li Yinhe "5. Sexual Citizenship and the Politics of Sexual Storytelling among Chinese Youth "James Farrer" 6. Selling Sexual Health: China's Emerging Sex Shop Industry "Jo McMillan "7. Female Sex Sellers and Public Policy in the People's Republic of China "Zhang Heqing "8. Debating the Legal Regulation of Sex-Related Bribery and Corruption in the People's Republic of China "Elaine Jeffreys"
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
A project to provide a rapid effectiveness assessment was conducted by WWF in cooperation with the FBiH Ministry of Environment and Tourism in 2009 using international rapid assessment and prioritization of protected area management (RAPPAM) methodology. There is, however, room for consideration and development of additional regulations on economic instruments for protected areas in both entities. As a result of the existing level of decentralization, the entire system of information and reporting on protected areas in the country, including reporting on international obligations, is generally failing. Obligations for protected areas are dispersed throughout a number of agencies, according to the governance system in each entity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In Cote d'Ivoire, for example, the share of firms with female representation in ownership is above 60% (AfDB, 2015). Together with the Beijing Platform for Action +20, these instruments provide the policy framework, priority areas and review mechanisms that inform gender-related national policies and strategies. By 2014, seven countries had adopted such a policy or strategy: Cabo Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo (UN Women, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Carework for the community enhances community well-being and improves social cohesion. A recent study based on a sample of50,000 adults in 25 countries concluded that daughters of working mothers who completed more years of schooling were more likely to be employed, especially in a supervisory role, and to earn a higher income. In the United States, where daughters of working mothers earned 23 percent more than daughters of stay-at-home mothers, some of these effects were stronger. What would be needed to translate such choices into an equitable balance between men and women in roles, responsibilities and outcomes for both paid and unpaid work?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Set against a period of rapid change, education has grown in political importance and policy development has moved from the local authority to central government with a key role being played by the Secretary of State. Based on a series of semi-structured interviews, with 10 politicians who have served as Secretary of State for Education, this paper considers a range of issues related to the development and implementation of education policy in England. This paper focuses on motivation and preparation for the role, the movement of ministers, regional factors, relationship with the Prime Minister and the breakdown of consensus. It illustrates the reality of policy implementation against the political realities of serving as a Government minister and the illusion of being able to develop long-term strategies in a rapidly changing environment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
From polls and elections to people in the streets and increasingly vocal social movements a clear message to governmental and business leaders is coming through: "Your policies are not working for a great majority of us." It builds on the existing consensus of the largest meeting of Heads of State and Government in the history of the United Nations. In their 2005 Summit they stated that "We strongly support fair globalization and resolve to make the goals of full and productive employment and decent work for all, including for women and young people, a central objective of our relevant national and international policies as well as our national development strategies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The campaign was so successful that the NAMH adopted the new name MIND -which changed again during the 1990s to become Mind. Many other campaigns followed the original 1971-73 campaign, leading to significant changes both in government policies including the Home from Hospital campaign - which increased information about existing housing projects and provided extra 130 group home places, and the Breakthrough! Mind is managed by a Council of Management, composed of 16 people - trustees, who are responsible for ensuring that Mind's activities are in line with its missions. Speaking for a diverse community, the Council of Management should have representatives from Black and minority ethnic communities and at least one representative of Wales.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Almost 4% of children aged between two and four years are not deprived at all, and 1.5% of children suffer from all the possible deprivations at the same time. The vast majority of children (96%) suffers from at least one deprivation and among these children the average number of deprivations is 3.3. Nevertheless, some regions, such as Kidal, Gao, and Tombouctou, display a significantly higher deprivation rate.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
A child's degree of independence will depend on his or her age, cognitive capacity and education, and may still require guidance from parents, caretakers or peers. A well-connected street network has many short links, numerous intersections and minimal dead ends. Children depend on street connectivity as it's also a proxy for walkability. The city's success is based on an inclusive approach to urban development that targetted social issues such as urban violence and poverty with public space programmes and infrastructure investments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This current study, however, will focus primarily on the technical and physical interactions between different producers mediated by the electricity grid rather than on the environmental impacts of different technologies. Rare cases of auto-production apart, all production and consumption really does pass through the same transmission lines where everyone’s production and consumption decisions interact with those of all others. Limited storage capacity implies that electricity demand and supply are inelastic.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In coastal areas, the challenge often exists of preventing the destruction of sand dunes owing to the construction of tourism facilities close to the water. The degradation of sand dunes not only alters the coastal ecosystem but, in the long run, also increases those facilities’ exposure to storms and water rise (Magnan, 2014). This situation entails a typical tradeoff between economic development and environmental challenges. Ideally, an integrated approach would attenuate the impact of the trade-off by limiting habitat degradation and consequently the collateral effect on assets in terms of their exposure to climate-related hazards. Such an approach may not completely eliminate the trade-off, but, by taking into account the negative effects, it can put in place compensation mechanisms, such as for protecting marine ecosystems so as to allow them to maintain their natural resilience and adaptive capacities, and then ensuring that their buffering function against waves is maintained (ibid.).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The respondent’s place of usual residence is the place where she has lived continuously for most of the past 12 months or the place where she intends to live for at least the next six months (if she has recently moved). Place of residence may be categorized as urban or rural. Owing to national differences in the characteristics that distinguish urban and rural areas, there is no single definition that would apply to all countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This perentage varies from less than 30 per cent in selected cities from developing countries to over 90 per cent among cities from more developed countries. More interesting global analysis on availability (regularity of services) and affordability of transport on these arterials roads networks will help clarify questions on how convenient the public transport is in the coming years. Laying this excellent foundation is key to sustaining the monitoring and reporting needs for the next 12 years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Although the payment of a dowry has been illegal in India since 1961, the practice remains common. Among all female victims of recorded homicides, 1,267 (about 15 per cent) were recorded as dowry-related killings. In 2009, the police recorded 8,383 dowry deaths of women and girls, so the total number of homicides linked to dowries in 2009 was 9,650,b which is 56 per cent of all female victims of violent killings including dowry deaths (17,101).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Clearly, in such a framework, each component must be coordinated with the others in order to achieve social policy objectives (see diagram IV.l). It is also responsible for ensuring that the entire population has access to social services and making sure that the services are adequate in terms of coverage and quality. However, social protection is not responsible for service delivery, which requires specialist management.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This article aims to address the way that the fight against football crowd disorder has been regulated at the European level. The analysis of the key counter-hooliganism measures introduced by the Council of the EU since the late 1990s, in line with the provisions of the 1985 European Convention, uncovers the impact of the risk-based mindset and the growing politicisation of security issues ona regulatory process that has led to the institutionalisation of the control and punishment of deviant behaviour. It is argued that this institutionalisation is facilitated by the absence of a proper legal definition of football hooliganism, and that the growing importance of suspicion as one of the grounds of law enforcement action entails serious infringement of the civil rights and liberties of football supporters because it jeopardises and even negates certain legal principles that lie beneath these rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For instance, the climate and early warning systems (CREWS) international initiative, launched in 2015, aims to increase the capacity of LDCs and SIDS to generate and communicate early warnings and risk information (WMO, 2018). These are expected to boost these countries’ resilience to changing climatic conditions and climate variability. In addition to mitigating disaster risks in the agricultural sector, strengthening emergency response and recovery systems can help limit the impacts of natural disasters on rural lives and livelihoods.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The difference between the most and least wealthy households is largest in Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay. Two-parent families in which both spouses are employed are more likely to spend on care, as are households w ith children under five years of age. Nevertheless, a very high percentage of tire latter spend nothing on care, this highlights the crucial role of unpaid care work performed by women.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
All forests are in State hands, including those forming the State Forest Fund (SFF). The SFF consists of forests, urban forests and other wooded lands of national importance, which are managed by the State forestry authorities. The Forest Code defines the functions of authorities in forest management as well as the rights and obligations of forest owners and SFF users, and lays down basic regulations with regard to the recording and monitoring of forests.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
To some extent, least developed countries were also successful in expanding their share of manufactured goods in global export markets over the past decade. This increased participation in global markets has strong implications for industrial diversification and thus serves as a driver of sustainable economic development. The previously introduced virtuous circle does not only depend on domestic but also in particular on global factors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Rising temperatures are melting polar ice and together with thermal expansion of water are contributing to sea level rise, changing precipitation patterns, more frequent intense weather events, storm surges and flooding, coastal erosion, increased sedimentation of coastal waters, and pollution from flooded or destroyed infrastructure and storm runoff (IPCC 2007a, 2007b, USD, n.d., The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change States that with “high confidence” changes will occur in marine biological systems due to rising water temperatures affecting shifts in pelagic algae and other plankton, and fish abundance in high latitudes (IPCC, 2007a). Migratory patterns of stocks are expected to alter due to modified seasonality of marine and freshwater systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Maternal mortality rates remain unacceptably high, however, at 71.2 for each 100 000 live births - ten times higher than OECD average of around seven deaths per 100 000 live births. Both maternal and infant mortality rates are higher in rural areas and in minority ethnic groups - but they are nevertheless decreasing, largely due to improvements in sanitation. At the same time, fertility rates have been falling.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In 1994, the National Association of Irrigation Users (ANUR - Asociacion Nacional de Usuarios de Riego) was established to provide technical support to farmers, improve the management of irrigated agriculture and advise on the operation of irrigation systems and institutions. At present, 85 districts are in charge of managing, conserving and administrating water. They cover a surface of 3.5 million hectares and involve 477 users’ associations and over 500 000 farmers and producers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In addition to a higher income, she now employs six youths full time and has trained a large number of others. She also offers continued advice and monitoring services to four chicken farms in the area. During a January 2012 visit to her farm, the UNDP administrator hailed the courage of young people like Ms. Diallo who take the risk of borrowing and investing in sectors where their elders do not see opportunity. More important, however, the integration of training, post-training coaching and access to low-interest credit is the most important aspect of this success story.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Where this is the case, the earlier finding of a declining redistributive capacity of tax-benefit policies appears to hold especially for those aged under 55. The next section takes a closer look at recent policy reforms with an impact on this age group in particular. Age brackets relate to household head.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, which surveys adults in 54 countries, includes an indicator on 'fear of failure as a barrier to starting a business' (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2018), which is addressed by three different competences in EntreComp. The World Bank's STEP survey includes questions on grit, a personality trait that EntreComp addresses under 'motivation and perseverance'. However, these surveys are costly to administer, and skills, such as creativity and managing uncertainty, are difficult to measure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)