albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
In 2009 the program was better established in North and Central India, where it was also initially started (Figure 13). Among the women in households that participated to NREGA program, many are Hindu, have relatively low education, or technical or vocational education, and scheduled castes and tribes are overrepresented (see Annex 4). Labour force participation is significantly higher for women whose household participates in the program (44% versus 22% for those who do not). When a woman lives in a household that participates in the program, her probability of participation in the labour force increases on average by 0.06.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Most representative are the global initiatives for forest certification and environmental labelling. The first global forest certification system was the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), established in 1993. In 1998, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) issued ISO/TRI 146061, which applied to forest management under the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System, and which represented the ISO’s forest management certification.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
A number of intermediary organisations have also made considerable efforts to bridge the gap between firms and research in the field of biotechnology. ( Developing university-industry partnerships in applied research through joint (higher education/private sector) projects is also an issue. Finally, a better monitoring of student internships is required in order to increase the awareness of their usefulness among firms and to ensure a quality experience for students.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Skilled professionals concentrated in hospitals and at present information sharing is usually informal and through colleagues. Mechanisms to promote knowledge sharing, the definition of a good patient treatment pathway, and data systems to share patient information could be promoted. The involvement of users of mental health services in policy making and service governance, both due to a legal obligation (Mental Health Act, 1999) and an apparent genuine and quite widespread conviction in the importance of the involvement of service users, is one of Norway’s great strengths.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
On the other hand, Bangladesh continued tightening its monetary policy from 2011, and the policy rate was raised by 100 basis points in fiscal year 2012 to restrain inflationary pressures. Consumer credit was tightened through administrative measures. Similarly, policy rates were raised in Sri Lanka in February and April 2012 to curtail trade-related credit to reduce trade and current account deficits as well as to contain inflationary pressures. However, the policy rate was lowered by 25 basis points in December 2012 as GDP growth was decelerating sharply.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Data exclusivity cannot therefore be considered an obligation under the TRIPS Agreement. Data exclusivity may also complicate generic producers’ market entry where the respective product is in addition covered by a patent. Existing data exclusivity regimes provide terms of protection of between 5 and 10 years (sometimes 15 years for agrochemical products583), which usually end before a patent on the same product expires.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Well-organized zoning policies contribute to the efficient use of space whilst minimizing the industry’s environmental impact. Thus, effective management of marine space is necessary to ensure environmental sustainability. Moreover, it also ensures balanced co-existence between different user-interests in coastal zones.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The gasoline price gap between Luxembourg and neighbouring countries should be reduced to encourage fuel savings and to reduce the emissions caused by fuel exports (transit, cross-border workers, “gas pump tourists”). These exports in fact account for 75% of fuel sales in Luxembourg. Some tax provisions, such as the commuter head tax, are potentially damaging to the environment. A comprehensive “green tax reform” as recommended in the previous review, has not been undertaken.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It is difficult to generalise about the suitability of any particular combination of funding mechanisms, and the ways in which these might change over time as new potential investors may take over once the construction phase has taken place. Every potential investment is different and requires a different combination of funding. Two other factors stand out as being essential components for effective implementation of PPPs, namely the presence of a benign regulatory system and a positive governance environment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Finally, it concluded that poverty and inequality are mutually reinforcing, and that “inclusive” growth is the best way to address both of them simultaneously. In retrospect, it was unwise to concede that any growth process which improves the lot of the poor is “pro-poor”, because this conflates the definition of pro-poor growth with one of its indicators of success. Writers committed to PPG should also have avoided the degenerating debate with the mainstream about the quantitative implications of (disembedded) growth processes upon distribution and absolute poverty.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This could help promote a culture of responsibility and exigency across the system and at all levels together with a sense of technical and economic feasibility, as opposed to a culture of demagogic simplicity and formulation of wishes regardless of the means for achieving them. It would be advisable to think of a “political upgrade” of the council. The frequent participation of the Minister of Environment, its persuasion of other ministers to participate personally in the most important sessions, and some regular (yearly) participation of the President of the Republic would have the merit of bringing the council to a higher level of visibility and effectiveness as an advisory body to be attentively heard and followed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Additionally, the degree to which these long-term emission reduction objectives are part of an internationally-binding agreement will influence clean energy investment decisions - and also potentially access to international finance. For example, international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol are correlated with increased innovation in mitigation technologies (Hascic et al., Emission reporting schemes can pave the way for implementation of carbon pricing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Of other major causes of death, mortality from respiratory diseases also reduced steeply in the 2000s, converging to the EU average. These trends partially reflect improvements in available treatments and public health policies related to smoking (see Section 5.1). However, since 2006 rates of newly reported HIV diagnoses have more than doubled, and in 2015 Malta recorded the third highest rate of newly reported HIV cases in the EU/EEA (ECOC, 20161 This increase is largely attributable to outbreaks among the men who have sex with men (MSM) community.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It was publicly released in May 2013 and supplies comparable data on assets in euro area countries (Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Network, 2013a and 2013b).34 The variable drawn from the Eurosystem HFCS defines financial assets as the sum of the values of investments in private businesses (but not the self-employed), sight accounts, saving accounts, mutual funds, bonds, shares, managed accounts, “other” assets, private loans, voluntary pension plans, and whole life insurance schemes. However, it excludes public and occupational pension plans (see Box 2.4 on funded private pensions). While the reader should bear this limitation in mind, examining the data that are available can inform the debate on the adequacy of retirement incomes. They are mandatory or quasi-mandatory in 13 OECD countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Storage facilities would increase system security by storing variable renewable electricity produced during low demand periods and using it during high demand or peak periods. This back-up capacity is considered to be of added value as it is low-carbon electricity production. This controversial debate is illustrated by Nyamdash, Denny and O’Malley for the Irish electricity system (Nyamdash et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This article is based on the author’s involvement in preparing a Draft Statute for a future World Court of Human Rights. The proposal seeks to modify the traditional vertical structure of human rights norms by introducing a mechanism for adjudicating claims about human rights violations by actors other than states, including by international organizations (IO) or transnational corporations (TNC). The jurisdiction of the World Court would require acceptance by the IO or TNC, making the mechanism similar to the effects of an international treaty, i.e. being legally binding but at the same time based on consent to be bound. When accepting the jurisdiction of the World Court, each IO or TNC could also specify under what substantive human rights norms the right of complaint will apply, and what internal procedures need to be exhausted before an alleged victim can have resort to it.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Identity-building processes have gained increasing role in scholarly approach to organizations from the past two decades of the 20th Century. Globalization, information society developments and the dynamic of social change have brought about cultural diversity of organized action, encouraging theoretical and practical approaches to organizations as cultures. Research in organizational cultures differ in their focus and methodology, drawing insightful conclusions by comparing different nations, departmental structures or professions. We propose a comparative approach to identity building processes through the lens of these perspectives.Leaders are cornerstones of identity-building in their organizations. A discourse analysis of leaders’ formal and informal messages by looking at “presentational rhetoric” and “operational rhetoric” (Van Maanen and Schein 21) gives us a clue on the type of culture they are keen to build.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As participants had a large degree of freedom to design their strategies, the variability allows several preliminary lessons to be drawn. After discussing the professional development measures implemented by teams participating in the project, it highlights the main lessons from the teacher professional development plans implemented by the country teams to support participating teachers to foster their students' creativity and critical thinking. At a minimum, teams were required to introduce the project materials, objectives and suggested pedagogical approaches to teachers by organising a one-day induction training session at the beginning of the project.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Paid parental leave benefits are uncommon outside Asian OECD countries, and most of the early childhood education and care supports concern children aged 3 to 5 (OECD, 2014a). Exceptions are Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Singapore and Mongolia that spent considerable amounts in terms of social support for the working age population and children often in the form of income/means-tested social assistance support or child benefits as in Mongolia (Box 2.5). Furthermore, the eamings-related nature of its pension system contributes to public spending on old age and survivor spending amounting to 12% of GDP in 2013 (OECD, 2014a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Each country will need to determine what efforts are most appropriate to its unique priorities and capacity. Ideally there would be consensus on the broad outlines of a trade agenda that complements and supports the Paris Agreement, while delivering positive trade and investment outcomes. Several Commonwealth countries are already manoeuvring to take advantage of the opportunities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Such policy developments include Europe 2020 (a strategy for growth and jobs), the Resource Efficiency Roadmap, the Rural Development Policy, the Industrial Policy, the Climate and Energy Package with its 2020 targets, the Plant Health and Reproductive Materials Strategy, and the Biodiversity and Bioeconomy strategies (European Commission, 2013a). The goal of the TTIP is to remove trade barriers from a wide range of economic sectors and to make it easier to trade goods and services between the two trading blocs. Negotiations began in July 2013 and are expected to continue through 2014.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
While conclusive data is not available on whether these deportations amount to “revolving door” movements (i.e. the same person being deported several times in a year) there are strong indications that this is the case. ( This Green Paper is the result of a long consultation process, first announced in 2008, and involving a broad spectrum of South African, regional and international stakeholders starting in 2013. The process culminated in December 2015 with a colloquium called for by the minister in order to compile all contributions into a final document which was subsequently turned into the Green Paper submitted to public comments between June and September 2016. This is a particularly innovative process for the DHA since 1996 (the previous consultation for the 1997 Green Paper) as most channels of communication between the DHA, other spheres of government, and South African social partners and civil society have been intermittent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
As discussed in Chapter 1, while these individual regions are large (in population size) in their national context, they remain relatively small in the international arena - in fact, none of them gets close to the size of the average OECD region. However, when considered altogether, Western Scandinavia is almost twice as large as the typical OECD region - achieving a potential critical mass of more than 4.8 million people, nearly double the 2.3 million OECD average (Table 2.1 and Figure 2.1). Regarding the regional level, a government bill was presented to the parliament in April 2017 and put forward a proposal to reduce the number of counties from 19 to 10, plus Oslo.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The business services EPP 8, “Developing SMEs in the global aerospace manufacturing industry”, aims, as its name suggests, to create an ecosystem of dynamic manufacturing SMEs in the aerospace industry. It implements actions to facilitate the certification of SMEs so that they can become suppliers of higher added value components to the aerospace leaders. The E&E EPP 10, “Creating local solid state lighting champions”, also undertakes business development programmes and grant facilitation programmes for equipment and certification of ten SMEs in the Malaysian LED Consortium (MLC).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Being an economic booster and a green opportunity, it is a great chance for our future. It provides useful information on the current situation as well as the pathways to further improvements. I gratefully acknowledge the OECD LEED's dedication and experience in assessing the challenges of green growth we face. I am sure that this study will gain a wide readership and acceptance among those dealing with this matter, which is of the upmost importance for our futures. It presents results and policy recommendations from the analysis of the regional growth core Schonefelder Kreuz.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
For health and elderly care, only differences in age and gender are accounted for the allocation of these services to individuals and elements in these programmes which are targeted toward poorer income groups are not accounted for in this type of imputation. Therefore, the analyses presented below in Section 8.3 can only provide a rough estimate and guideline for the redistributive impact of publicly provided services on the distribution of household incomes. Only in the Nordic countries, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, in-kind benefits are somewhat more targeted to the lower income groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Most of that volatility originates on the supply side: output depends on the vagaries of weather and other natural factors, which vary from year to year. Cyclical swings of output, reflecting lagged response of supply to price changes, can inject an additional degree of volatility into agricultural markets. As it happens, such output fluctuations on agricultural markets hit a demand that does not respond much to price variations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Malnutrition is an important determinant of poor child health and is estimated to contribute to more than one-third of all child deaths worldwide. Child malnutrition also predicts poorer cognitive and educational outcomes in later childhood and adolescence and has important education and economic consequences at the individual, household and community levels. Children who are overweight or obese are at greater risk of poor health and reduced quality of life not only in adolescence, but also in adulthood.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The aim of this study is to carry out a socio-linguistic analysis of the dissemination of the Charter of Citizens' Rights and Obligations in Public Health Services. We designed a qualitative investigation using observation and content analysis. A deductive analysis technique was followed, based on the "SPEAKING" model categories. The data analysis suggests a clear framework of rights and obligations has been established, but is not very familiar to patients and relatives. We can conclude that despite the widespread dissemination and publicity of the Citizens' Charter of Rights and Obligations, we still need the involvement of professionals. Nurses can develop a fundamental role in this process. DESCRIPTORS: Patient rights. Health communication. Qualitative analysis. Ethics institutional.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
No further information on compliance monitoring procedures and results at subnational level was available. Decisions on which facilities to inspect take account of risk and aim to be representative. On-site visits can be announced or unannounced (some 75% are unannounced) and may last up to two weeks. About 10% of inspections are not planned, but respond to complaints or requests from other authorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The currently available inventories, statistics and other official documents do not yet follow the protected area categorization mentioned in the 2011 Law, and continue to use previously assigned, traditional designations, e.g. national park or historical-natural park instead of state nature park. This is probably caused by the fact that the area of Muzkul nature preserve, entirely located within the boundaries of the Tajik national park, is always counted separately, which adds to the total. Other protected area categories occupy much smaller territories, as the total area of five botanic gardens, 13 botanic stations and field nurseries, and three tourist-recreational zones amounts to 731 ha, 10,000 ha, and 15,300 ha, respectively. The area of all 26 state monuments of nature is so small that it is not even indicated in statistics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This chapter sets out a general overview of key facets of Canada’s counter-terrorism law enacted between 2001 to 2015 and related case law. It addresses the definition of terrorism and new terrorism offences added to the Criminal Code in 2001, terrorism prosecutions and sentences, investigative powers of police and intelligence agencies (the Canadian Security Intelligence Service and the Canadian Security Establishment), the listing of terrorism offences or individuals, terrorism financing and related offences, immigration detention, the use of evidence obtained by torture, the role of the military and extra-territorial counter-terrorism activities, secrecy claims and evidence, and remedies for serious violations of human rights in the course of counter-terrorism. The chapter also contains a brief post-script addressing the content of bills C-44 (Protection of Canada from Terrorism Act) and C-51 (Anti-Terrorism Act, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Size of facility gives a sense of levels of employment, not simply rates of employment per MW. It found that nuclear power is more labour-intensive than all other forms of electricity generation and has higher education requirements than renewable electricity generators. Regarding educational requirements in electricity generation, there is little discussion of this outside the nuclear power sector where the discussion is prompted by near-term retirements of nuclear sector employees and the necessity of training staff for nuclear new build.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Sex discrimination in employment persists and is reflected in the increasing gender gaps in earnings, hiring and promotion to the management level (Chi and Li, 2014). Achieving more equal relations within the household is crucial to the attainment of gender equality since women's lives are often structured around their responsibilities as mothers and wives. Becker (1981), in particular, developed a unitary household model which argued that men and women specialize in market work and household work respectively based on comparative advantage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
As much as "leaming-to-leam" skills are important, we always learn by learning something. However, success in education is no longer about reproducing content knowledge, but about extrapolating from what we know and applying that knowledge creatively in novel situations, it is also about thinking across the boundaries of disciplines. Everyone can search for - and usually find - information on the Internet, the rewards now accrue to those who know what to do with that knowledge.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The United States agreed to a global political agreement to reduce GHG emissions that was acknowledged at Copenhagen (COP 15) in December 2009 and negotiations are continuing to work towards binding emissions-reduction commitments by all countries. In view of the scale of emission reductions called for, it is vital that the United States adopt a cost-effective and comprehensive climate change policy. The current Administration is endeavouring to put such a policy package in place.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
For instance, some innovations such as “territorial networks”, now co-ordinated by the national employment agency (ANPAL), are seen as positive and should be fully implemented. In the same vein, stakeholders praised the integration between passive and active labour market policies under ANPAL. There is widespread expectation that the presence of ANPAL will favour the coordination of skills policies, and also facilitate policy monitoring and evaluation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
See, for example, P. Samuelson and S. Scotchmer, “The Law & Economics of Reverse Engineering”, Yale Law Journal, May 2002, pp. This includes making of the patented product through reverse engineering. To the extent that such reverse engineering is done only for non-commercial purposes (e.g. for scientific research and experimental purposes), it is still consistent with the TRIPS Agreement. But the point here is that engaging in reverse engineering for the promotion of domestic industries will necessarily imply a commercial aspect.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)