albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Promotion of gender equality should be the responsibility of all ministries and agencies across governments, from finance to education. Centrally located gender institutions are often perceived as having more authority and better capacity to steer a government-wide implementation of equality agenda, but this is not a generalised rule, and political w'ill and public service leadership support are essential, no matter the choice of institutional structures. Activating and adequately supporting appropriate mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the impact of initiatives is another key tool for successful policy development. Effective inter-departmental co-ordination is also critical to implementation efforts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Although the global information technology industry is not anticipated to rebound forcefully, Singapore is set to gain from generally revived global trade in 2013. Domestic-oriented activities, such as the construction sector, are likely to be major growth drivers, supported by negative real interest rates. Much will depend on restoring confidence in the economy through keeping inflation in check, addressing vulnerabilities in the banking sector and restructuring less efficient State enterprises, as emphasized in the government directive approved in February 2013.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Paper for Regional Workshop on Macroeconomics of Poverty Reduction, Kathmandu, January 4—6. The Fall in Chinese Poverty: Issues of Measurement, Incidence and Cause. Paper for the Keith Griffin Festschrift Conference at the Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, April 23—24.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
However, design requirements to the product that might improve the manufacturing process would be highly relevant. Improved durability, extending the products life, is part of waste prevention and thereby improvement of resource efficiency and it should be included in future resource efficiency requirements in the IM and the experiences from the voluntary instruments should be utilised. However, it is important to ensure that prolonging the life span of the product is the environmentally best solution in a life cycle perspective, e.g. that possible environmental benefits are not evened out by increased energy consumption of the older product compared to a newer more energy efficient product. However, the intended ecodesign effects of the WEEE directive is not working properly and this might also be relevant for product categories not covered by the WEEE Directive or for consumables used in the product such as cartridges for imaging equipment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
This approach aims to shed light on the potentially differentiated impacts of procurement projects on men and women. In Austria, since 2013, all new or amended laws and regulations as well as major investment or procurement contracts at the federal level must include a mandatory ex ante impact assessment on gender equality, along with other assessments of potential socio-economic and environmental impacts. Quantitative and qualitative thresholds ensure the proportionality of these efforts in relation to the respective law or regulation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
A Research and Innovation Framework was developed by late 2011 and innovation became part of the Department’s strategic plan. The focus has been on equity, excellence and sustainability, identifying and up-scaling innovation, as well as establishing system-wide directions for innovation. The focus was primarily on improvement in literacy and numeracy initially, subsequently extended to other areas of the curriculum.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In some Member States permitting procedures are considerably more complex than in others. Several factors are leading to slow and inefficient permit processes. There are on-going initiatives to speed up the overall permit process via e.g. all-in-one permits with only one authority coordinating, and via specific LNG guidance documents.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The Kosovo Constitution provides for a strong regime of domestication of international human rights instruments and respect for international law. Against that background the jurisprudence of Kosovo Constitutional Court and of EULEX international judges embedded in Kosovo courts reveals a rich interaction with United Nations law, international criminal law, state succession and international human rights law. Their practice in the latter area shows a level of conformity as well as inconsistency with international conventions and case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. Whereas, war crimes adjudication is associated with significant controversies regarding non-retroactivity of law, nullum crimen sine lege and the place of customary international law in the Kosovo legal order. The jurisprudence pertaining to state succession, extradition and terrorism uncovers differences between judicial and executive branches in their responses to some complex legal and political questions in the aftermath of Kosovo’s independence.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The Indonesian Kerosene-to-LPG Conversion Programme has been successful in moving 30 million households away from hazardous kerosene to LPG for cooking in just five years (2007-2012). At the centre of this success has been the leadership of the Government, crosssector cooperation, results-based financing (box 1) and appropriate technical assistance. Lessons from this programme suggest that awareness among potential users about the importance of clean cooking, together with the setting of a price that is affordable to users, are critical to the successful implementation of the programme.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Whilst the trend for addiction care is towards integration, the two systems are still frequently separate. There are variations of between three and 23 weeks for access to a Medically Assisted Treatment scheme for opiate addiction (http://frittsvkehusvalg.no), 23 weeks is an unacceptably long time to wait for access to treatment. Addiction services, which are less widespread in Norway than mental health services, likely need support from mental health services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In his sweeping survey of the Australian study of international relations, Martin Indyk1 claimed that ‘a common set of assumptions tends to underpin the work of almost all Australian scholars in the discipline’. If that assertion could have been plausibly extended to the whole region one generation ago, it certainly cannot now. The International Relations scholarship emanating from the Oceanic region regales in a diversity of theoretical, methodological and ethical assumptions. This diversity certainly emerged before the first Oceanic Conference on International Studies (OCIS) was convened in Canberra in 2004, however, subsequent conferences in Melbourne (2006) and Brisbane (2008) have galvanised and enriched that diversity. The state of the discipline in the region is as strong and healthy now as it has ever been, as is its integration into the global discipline, something we believe is reflected in the contributions collected in this Special Issue of Global Change, Peace and Security....
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Mind is an independent charity organisation. These groups represent important sources of information and support for service users, many organisations also present their own research, for example surveys of service user needs or access. Some non-governmental organisations also provide mental health services, from support group services to more regular care services for mental ill health sufferers or their carers or families. The Crisis Care Concordat, launched in February 2014, details how the Government plans to improve emergency support for people in mental health crisis across the country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Thanks to a massive scale-up in humanitarian assistance, famine was averted, but it remains a looming risk in the future. Large parts of the drought-affected rural areas in southern and central Somalia were controlled by al Shabaab and were inaccessible to the government and most humanitarian organizations and international actors. To assess drought impacts under these circumstances and guarantee the personal security of staff, humanitarian actors relied on remote assessment methods that combined remote-sensing technologies and social media analytics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
However it is also vital to restore the communications infrastructure as a whole. The internet, however, operates on the principles of packet-switching in which individual packets of information that make up a message can take any one of multiple routes according to availability. This level of redundancy makes it inherently more flexible and resilient.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
A new' feature will be added in order to enable all transaction prices to be recorded in the cadastral database. A link is also being built between the cadastral database and the taxation database in order to develop a more comprehensive and fairer taxation system, with an expected improvement of property tax revenues. The power to regulate the use of land usually lies in the smallest unit of government (e.g. municipalities through building and zoning codes) and local governments carry the legal responsibility for preparing urban land-use plans. In contrast, transport planning tends to controlled by higher levels of government (e.g. state governments and MPOs in the United States).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The case studied is the Gulf of Finland, which forms part of the Baltic Sea. They present a dynamic model that integrates land loads of nitrogen and phosphorus, cost of nutrient abatement measures in agriculture, nutrient dynamics in the sea basins adjoining the Finnish coast, exogenous risk of oil spills, and recreational value of the sea, which faces environmental damage of uncertain magnitude and duration. Monte Carlo simulation is applied to evaluate the profitability of nutrient abatement measures carried out unilaterally by Finland or as a joint effort by Estonia, Finland and Russia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
There is a perceived increase in incidents of rhetoric, legislation and vigilantism against sexual minorities and their allies across Africa. This 'African homophobia' is counter to human rights conventions, public health best practices and sound economic development. The paper reviews areas of progress as well as the broad economic and cultural contexts for the experiences of African sexual minorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Is this an experience of child food insecurity even if the child does not understand it as such? Or, is the worry or hunger in that instance a consequence of household food insecurity? In addition, some child experiences that reflect food insecurity at some stages of childhood may reflect developmental^ appropriate responsibilities at other stages.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Premature death rates (age group 0-64 years) from ischemic heart disease vary by nearly a factor of five between the region with the lowest mortality - Kyzylorda Region - and the much more rural Pavlodar region. Similarly, premature death rates from cerebrovascular disease are nearly three times higher in the mostly rural North Kazakhstan Region than in the city of Astana, which recorded the lowest mortality in the country (MOH, 2016). Overall, the three risk factors that account for the greatest disease burden in Kazakhstan are tobacco smoking, alcohol use, and excess weight (IHME, 2010). Indeed, a recent study (Kulkayeva et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Groundwater is used as drinking am) household water (some 7S% of (he jbsVKtion. Surface wan is used for agriculture and household needs. In the Ukrainian part of the basin, the flow is mainly regulated by the I’echeniz'ke (on the Donets) and Krasnooskolskoe (on the Oskol) reservoirs. Channels have been constructed that bring water to the basin.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In Germany OSH provisions vary from one local authority to another -games, homework, educational and sports activities, etc. Local authorities determine how much they fund and how much families pay. In recent years the share of children enrolled in OSH care has increased in recent years (DIPF, 2014, p. 79)8 and co-operations between different stakeholders have deepened (also see examples below).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Water demands for individual HPPs are conditioned by installed capacity, which is designed based on cost-effectiveness principles. As a result, it is expected that greater parts of the rivers could be subject to negative impact, especially in water biodiversity. In practice two methodologies coexist: for the oldest dams the Soviet standards are applied, and for the most recent ones a more simplified methodology is adopted (table 4.2).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Indeed, measuring and monitoring some of the key determinants of health outcomes (e.g. risky behaviours) is fundamental to implementing the right policies. In particular, it is important to understand why some population groups have poorer health than others, and to develop and evaluate policies and interventions to prevent disease and promote health for these groups. An ideal set of indicators would provide information about the most important diseases and conditions causing poor health, disability or death as well as the various risk factors that lead to poor health.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Almost half the regions have approved new legislation (sometimes contested by the central government, which appealed to the Supreme Court). In many cases, the AATO’s functions are performed by the regions as a temporary measure, maintaining the ATO as a geographical unit for the purpose of planning, contracting and setting tariffs, and supervising the operator. As of July 2012, a number of AATOs continued to operate.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The data requirement can be substantial and only rarely is data provided regularly on the appropriate geographical scale and with the necessary frequency. Therefore, in order to provide the necessary data basis, actual sampled data must be supplemented by estimations and modelling, all of which decrease transparency, replicability and perhaps even validity or precision. Further, the indicators and indices cover a range of complexity, from simple single species indicators to complex and modelled indices of biodiversity. All of these may be applied when linking economic activities and biodiversity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The decision to focus on technology transfer, interfaces, technology-based firms and start-ups was largely determined by a contemporary international drive to transfer best practices without much concern about their suitability to national settings (Todtling and Trippl, 2005) and had a formative influence on the future policy trajectory. In 2001, MoST established the Ministry of Crafts and Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MOMSP) and HITRA, the Croatian Programme for Innovative Technological Development. These initiatives reflected a political intention to launch innovation and entrepreneurship. Its main task was ambitiously defined: to restructure the wider R&D sector to meet the requirements of the knowledge economy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Interpretation of changes relative to the baseline should therefore account for climate change. Despite this, project and programme evaluations usually take place shortly after their completion. Depending on the nature of the initiative (e.g. drought or risk prevention), this may be years or decades before the impact of the intervention becomes apparent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Undergraduates and graduates are a primary source of innovation in the organisations they join (e.g. Martin and Trudeau, 1998). It is therefore crucial to consider the significance of labour market processes for the technological and organisational dynamism of the Galilee sub-regions and in the northern districts as a whole. Innovation generation also depends on local R&D investment and the capabilities to valorise it, to enhance new enterprise formation and job creation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
No information is available on whether an individual who does not receive benefits remains in the panel. For instance, in Norway, the monthly re-entry rate for individuals who reach the 4th month off benefits is just below 10%. The hazard rates for re-entries into benefits among those non-recipients who previously ended a spell of SA receipt show a very similar pattern as the one observed for exit rates in Figure 10.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
At each stage of the transmission chain, the severity of impact will be determined by both the shock itself and by the vulnerability of the system or population group under stress (FAO, 2016a). The widespread melting of glaciers and snow cover in major mountain ranges, particularly in Asia, will affect the volume and timing of wafer flows, ultimately reducing the availability of irrigation water downstream. Increasing temperatures lead to changes in the location and incidence of pest and disease outbreaks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Provide “training the trainer” activities and engage entrepreneurs and business practitioners in entrepreneurship teaching. Promote entrepreneurial spirit by entrepreneurship educator development programmes and workshops, careers adviser awareness programmes, and faculty deans’ and directors’ development programmes and workshops. Entrepreneurial professors and researchers can provide the link between education and start-up support, by being role models, sharing research results for commercialisation and acting as mentors for student projects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The metropolitan institutes have demonstrated their capabilities in response to climate change and sustainability policies. More attention needs to be given to the demand side, particularly to addressing the barriers associated with skills for sustainability, including lack of information, lack of management skills, and perceived high costs of training. The “skill ecosystem” approach addresses this issue (see Chapter 3). More emphasis needs to be given to TAFE Institutes, which can act as a group in a robust way in terms of linking with industry.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This article contributes elements for a critique of Canadian multiculturalism that takes into account the concerns of the Latin American Diasporas established in Canada. The author argues that it is necessary to understand how three aspects are incorporated into this policy: propaganda, the aspiration to turn the country’s cultural diversity into a competitive advantage, and the concern for national security. To understand this, the ideology that orients Canada’s immigration and cultural diversity policies must be put in perspective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Presented in China in conjunction with the proposed amendment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Securities Law 2006, this paper critiques the form and application of the PRC's current insider trading prohibition and its misconceived fealty to Rule 10b-5-limiting U.S. Supreme Court-derived doctrines of fiduciary duty and misappropriation, and urges that China's amended statute and enforcement system look to the broader doctrinal formulations employed in the United Kingdom and the European Union, ironically already used by China's securities regulator pursuant to internal (and likely illegal) administrative "guidance" norms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In this period, the absolute number of people living in Africa’s slums increased by 14.8 million to about 212 million people (figure 3.5). The proliferation of slums in African cities is the most significant manifestation of rapid and unplanned urbanization outpacing demand for services. Living conditions in the urban slums and informal settlements are particularly dire.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Here the quantities and composition of consumption are being driven more by population growth and its changing demographics with ageing as well as by concerns over diets and general health issues than by price or income considerations. It clearly illustrates that the consumption of agricultural products continues to grow rapidly in the non-OECD area but is slowing elsewhere. For crop products, consumption in the non-OECD countries shows the largest increase for vegetable oils (44%), protein meals (42%) and sugar (30%). In the case of protein meals, this reflects the growth in livestock industries to meet rising domestic demand for livestock products.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
If the errors are the same in 2011, a 1-percentage-point difference would fall within the sampling error. Perceptions worsened between 1997 and 2002, in 2002, 87% of the population felt that distribution was unfair or very unfair. This is 7 percentage points more than in 1997. Perceptions improved between 2002 and 2007, when the countries recorded strong economic growth, in 2007, the percentage of the population thinking that distribution was unfair or veiy unfair was 9 percentage points lower than in 2002.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Respondents who are given multiple opportunities to assess whether their experiences fit within the objectives of the survey and the specific questions being asked provide more detailed accounts of their experiences. This requires the necessary space on the questionnaire and time during the interview to be allocated to comprehensive modules of clearly worded questions. As a general principle, value-laden and stigmatizing terms such as “rape” and “violence” must be avoided, as they lead to underreporting on statistical surveys compared to detailed behaviourally specific terms, which yield much higher disclosures of identical experiences.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In addition, triggers to undertake EIA are provided for in environmental management frameworks (also declared in terms of the National Environmental Management Act) and through the Biodiversity Act (see Annex 1.A1) if a “threatening process” is involved and/or if activities target endangered or critically endangered ecosystems as listed in terms of that act. In addition, provision is made in the regulations for developers responsible for illegal developments to apply for “retroactive” environmental authorisations, biodiversity offsets could thus also be required retroactively. An acceptable trade-off is not always possible, however, signifying the presence of limits on the type or extent of biodiversity that may be appropriate to include in an offset scheme (BBOP, 2012, ICCM and IUCN, 2012, IFC, 2012, Kiesecker et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In most (temporary) initiatives reviewed here, much of the risk is borne by the contracting public agency or authority. While there may be some debate on just how profitable different ride service models are, the services they provide in conjunction with public transport options remains a minuscule part of their overall costs. In some cases operators do invest in dedicated services and facilities as Lyft has done in order to provide or pay for call centres. These costs are covered by the ride services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Furthermore, farmers and the agri-business sector are rarely involved in consultation processes for designing and implementing the agricultural education system. Consequently, the current agricultural education systems are not well adapted to labour market needs and are not responsive to the private sector’s need for a well-educated and skilled labour force. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia data are for 2014.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)