albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The Chicago Tri-State metro-region is among the top five metro-regions in the US for specialisations in professional energy services, and the metro-region also exhibits specialisations in Air and Water Purification Technologies, Lighting, and Green Architecture and Construction Services. In the Chicago-area 21-county region, the Milwaukee metro-region has the strongest specialisation in the US in water efficient technologies. The growth of the green sector in the Chicago Tri-State metro-region has brought with it a significant number of green-sector jobs, the sector has grown by 20% since 2003. The metro-region could build on these strengths to improve economic and environmental outcomes in the long run. Energy efficiency retrofitting and green building design could be considered top priorities for job growth and distinguishing the metro-region’s green architectural expertise, but financing mechanisms for lowering the barriers to energy efficiency investments would need to be improved. Wind energy holds the promise of developing a sector that is beginning to call the Chicago Tri-State metro-region home, but needs clearer pricing signals and technical assistance to become more price-competitive.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Both documents were adopted by the ECOWAS Heads of State and Government in 2012. They outline clear targets and also provide a strong contribution from ECOWAS to the SE4ALL initiative. Overthe next few years, ECREEE will facilitate and monitor the implementation of the regional policies, at the national level, among all ECOWAS countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
A related concern is that, whereas the share of manufacturing in total employment used to peak at more than 20 per cent in countries which now enjoy a high income, this share has fallen to 13-15 per cent for a typical developing country today (figure 1.7, bottom right panel). However, the past decade was marked by only modest productivity growth. Factors constraining higher productivity growth include skills and infrastructure deficits, inefficient allocation of resources and weak technological innovation and diffusion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The learning environment is acutely sensitive to the individual differences among the learners in it, including their prior knowledge. The learning environment devises programmes that demand hard work and challenge from all without excessive overload. The learning environment operates with clarity of expectations and deploys assessment strategies consistent with these expectations, there is strong emphasis on formative feedback to support learning. The learning environment strongly promotes "horizontal connectedness" across areas of knowledge and subjects as well as to the community and the wider world. Innovate the "pedagogical core" of the learning environment, whether the core elements (learners, educators, content and learning resources), the dynamics which connect them (pedagogy and formative evaluation, use of time and the organisation of educators and learners) or combinations of both.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Lately, Twitter has grown to be one of the most favored ways of disseminating information to people around the globe. However, the main challenge faced by the users is how to assess the credibility of information posted through this social network in real time. In this paper, we present a real-time content credibility assessment system named CredFinder, which is capable of measuring the trustworthiness of information through user analysis and content analysis. The proposed system is capable of providing a credibility score for each user's tweets. Hence, it provides users with the opportunity to judge the credibility of information faster. CredFinder consists of two parts: a frontend in the form of an extension to the Chrome browser that collects tweets in real time from a Twitter search or a user-timeline page and a backend that analyzes the collected tweets and assesses their credibility.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Les interactions et complementarites potentielles entre les mesures politiques sont aussi testees, tout comme les possibles variations de 1’influence des politiques entre les differents Etats-Providence. Les resultats montrent, en premier lieu, comment l’elevation des niveaux d’education feminins, l’expansion de l’emploi dans les services et le developpement du temps partiel ont favorise la participation des femmes au marche du travail. En revanche, le developpement de l’emploi des femmes n’est pas aussi clairement lie a la croissance de l’emploi dans le secteur public.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Modernisation of irrigation schemes within the central government is the responsibility of the Directorate General for Water. In Israel, recycled water for irrigation and increased water-use efficiency in the agricultural sector are two examples. One-third of the water used in the agricultural sector each year is from treated domestic (grey and black water) waste. Reductions in quotas are therefore made by the Water Authority (originally called the Water Commission). The agricultural sector adapted rapidly to these restrictions through necessity thanks to the production and promotion of domestic recycled water, as well as through innovations in irrigation with semi-saline water, highly advanced crop irrigation practices and increasing crop tolerance to low water regimes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It is financed 25% by the federal level, 25% by the state level, and 50% by the private sector. Morelos was the first state to apply for the programme. A beneficiary, a gazelle employing 130 people, received training paid for by Prosoft, and was then certified by IBM on open software technologies after 12 months of full time courses. A strong point of the programme is its high additionality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
When two or more versions of a questionnaire or survey instrument exist, the split samples test can be used to determine the optimal version of the two. Researchers can assess the relative benefits of differences at the level of question wording, interviewing technique or question sequence (UNODC and UNECE, 2010). This method incorporates an experimental data collection component into the survey project if researchers are unsure about and wish to test the relative merits of different approaches.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The article defines the fundamental right to petition in the Chilean legal system, considering its constitutional and Human Rights International Law sources, and focuses in the analysis of its poor regulation of the legislative development of said right, outside of the specific field of the government and its agencies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For a detailed discussion, see OECD, 2016a.) However, as in OECD countries, gender pay gaps in emerging economies are only partially attributable to observed differences in worker and job characteristics (Chapter 12). Attitudes, social conventions and institutions and discrimination probably play an important role in pay differentials between men and women, though they are hard to measure. And when female workers are employed full time they typically spend a much larger share of their time on additional housework (including childcare) than men who are full-time workers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Indeed, there is no guarantee that results on the capacity of a social programme to reduce poverty by a given amount will translate to another country if the poverty line is set in a different way. We propose that this line be set at a multiple of median income, which makes the poverty line sensitive to the distribution of welfare in the country, rather than being solely determined by the mean of the welfare metric used. This relative poverty line can fruitfully be used alongside an absolute poverty line, which we set at the level of the international dollar-a-day poverty line. Considering that the international 1.25 dollar-a-day poverty line sets a minimum income for fulfilling survival needs, the 1.25 dollar-a-day line may appear more relevant when the relative poverty line falls below this level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
It buys coal from mining companies and then sells it at the regulated price negotiated with four different ministries. The price levels set in this negotiating process have been typically below the average production costs of state-owned companies and, as a result, most companies have been confronted with a serious deterioration of their financial condition leading to payment arrears and recurrent demands for ever higher subsidies. In 2008, some attempts to liberalise the price policy in the coal sector were undertaken, notably based on auctions for coking coal.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
For example, the global reduction of wetland areas—an estimated 50 per cent since the beginning of the twentieth century—will lead to a severe reduction in global and especially local capacity to absorb water during floods and to reduce peak flows (TEEB, 2013). For coastal wetlands, i.e. wetlands in the world’s major river deltas, a 52 per cent decline was recorded between the 1980s and early 2000s (Coleman et al., Global estimates of future wetland loss are not currently available, but local and regional projections draw a bleak picture.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
A clearer distinction should be made between ends and means, ends are the subject of consensus of the global community, although it is accepted that countries have the right to adopt the mix of policies — the means—that they believe works well for them. The “embedded neo-liberalism” that is characteristic of many institutions and rules needs to be critically reviewed. The aim should be to move towards “embedded flexibility” which allows room for policy experimentation and heterodoxy. Results are what matter, not policy conformity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In addition, students in small-class schools tend to suffer from poorer learning environments. Regarding the teaching workforce, current student-teacher ratios indicate that there might be some oversupply of teachers in the system. The conception of teacher employment, whereby basic compensation is associated purely to the teacher’s teaching load (stavka system), is a source of concern as it does not appropriately recognise the many tasks a teacher accomplishes beyond teaching and reduces his or her engagement in school activities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This study focuses on the problem of the extent to which human rights and islamicity (Islamic law norms) are accommodated within Indonesian anti-terrorism law (Law No. 5 of 2018). The study uses a qualitative approach with a documentary study in data collection. The result shows that Law No. 5 of 2018 has threatened human rights in some issues. This is indicated by certain matters including arrest, detention, capital punishment, interception, and revocation of citizenship. Meanwhile, the islamicity of Law No. 5 of 2018 is open to interpretation and reinterpretation. The study of measuring human rights and islamicity of Law No. 5 of 2018 has a significant contribution to the substantive implementation of  Islamic criminal law in the context of Indonesianness, as well as modernity, which also means the implementation of Islamic law and human rights at once .
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Complexity is intrinsic to such programming, which addresses issues that are deeply rooted in cultural mores, values and belief systems at both individual and societal levels, and where much of the achievement of results is dependent on factors outside the control of UNDP. When gender analysis and mainstreaming were lacking, it was more likely that gender-negative, gender-blind or gender-targeted results occurred. Other examples of the link between institutional and gendered development results were seen in programming that explicitly recognized and developed capacities to ensure that all stakeholders could consider themselves gender experts, which then were applied to programming and policy work. Other programming elements included selecting gender-aware partners and strategically adapting programming based on the changing needs on the ground.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Private investment is set to return to positive growth in 2016 on the back of economic stimulus programmes and strong public investment. The Government announced measures to support small and medium-sized enterprises and the real estate sector, a number of tax incentives and initiatives to expedite investment promoted by the Board of Investment. Meanwhile, several public infrastructure projects were recently begun, and the Government plans to spend $83 billion over seven years on new railways, roads and customs ports.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Purpose – This paper aims to trace the genealogy of state violence on Palm Island to argue forms of “colonial” control over Indigenous governance and organisational life persist in Australia. Using Agamben's theories of homo sacer, sovereign power and state of exception, the paper seeks to reveal the biopolitical nature of two centuries of abuses against Indigenous Australians. Arguably, past and recent tragedies on Palm Island show how juridico‐political regimes continue to subvert the citizenship and human rights of many Indigenous Australians – their sovereignty, governance structures and organisations. The purpose of the paper is to develop a greater focus in postcolonial writing on current political issues, by combining critical theory with grounded narratives of lived experiences and contemporary events.Design/methodology/approach – Insights from political theorist Agamben are used to critically analyse the management of violence on Palm Island. The paper draws on documents from the public record, s...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
An important channel of knowledge exchange is the internship system employed by several colleges in the Galilee (see Box 2.5.). Such internships provide an entry point into the workforce as some students continue working for the industry partner after the internship. Internships also take place in college business school, for example in the Western Galilee College and Nazareth Academic Institution also aims to combine practical and theoretical education. The students participate in the project work in regional industries (from the end of their second year) for 500-1 000 hours.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
National estimates suggest that the share of urban population with access to a sewage collection network increased from 48% to 56% over 2006-11. Coverage rates are highest in the South-east region (79% of the urban population) and lagging in the North (12%) and North-east (28%) (MCid, 2014). The countiywide share of urban population with sewage treatment (through a network or local treatment) is even lower: 35% in 2011, up from 30% in 2006 (Figure 1.17). There is a wide disparity between urban and rural areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
A comprehensive, independent study could help inform policy in this area. The serious health and environmental impact of exposure to mercury have long been known, yet substantial quantities of mercury are released to the environment, mostly in artisanal and small-scale gold mining. A considerable number are employed in this activity and many miners lack feasible alternative employment. Its aim is to build institutional capacity for GHS implementation in the priority sectors of agriculture, transport, consumption and labour. Companies involved in Colombian implementation of Responsible Care, a global voluntary programme by the chemicals industry (Section 3.7), have also started to use the GHS for products they market. In Colombia, regulations on the transport of hazardous goods, and on industrial hygiene and safety, also require SDS to be made available to persons involved in transporting hazardous chemicals.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
While many scholars have discussed the merits of collaborative governance, especially for addressing complicated modern policy challenges, the literature has paid less attention to how business can serve as an effective collaborative partner during the formation of mandatory policies and regulations. Drawing on scholarship in the management sciences and combining it with literature in public administration and public policy, the authors elaborate on four distinct types of business responses to proposed regulations based on degrees of political activity and social responsiveness: defensive, reactive, proactive, and anticipatory. They then characterize the reasons why proactive firms are more likely to be valuable collaborative partners with policy makers and public managers: their engagement may avoid costly stalemates that frequently hinder policy making and help develop cost-effective, flexible policy approaches to complex social problems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
One course tackles school success in a multicultural society and tries to answer how we can create a school with equal opportunities in an environment in which students’ identities and sense of belonging are constantly changing. It focuses on success factors in students’ school achievements, as well as how inclusive school cultures that benefit all students can be created (Linneus University, 2017[igoj). Sodertorn University stands out by offering teacher programmes with an intercultural profile.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Multilegalism is a species of legal pluralism denoting the existence of quasi-autonomous “minority jurisdictions” for at least some legal matters within a “normal” state jurisdiction. Multiculturalism in the advocatory sense might provide the justification for establishing such minority jurisdictions. This paper aims to provide 1) a detailed idea about what such a multicultural multilegal arrangement would amount to and how it differs from certain related concepts and legal frameworks, 2) in what sense some standard multicultural arguments could provide a starting point for seriously considering multicultural multilegalism in practice, 3) how the idea fares against some standard liberal criticisms, and finally 4), to point out three salient problems for multilegalism, concerning a) choice of law problems, b) a dilemma facing us as to whether state supremacy should be upheld or not, and c) clashes with basic human rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In particular, climate risks need to be considered in development planning (OECD, 2015a, 2009). It is therefore important that monitoring and evaluation systems for adaptation responses are developed in coherence with systems tracking the progress of development plans or of broader sustainable development goals under Agenda 2030. National approaches to adaptation monitoring and evaluation pioneered to date can provide examples and insights to the many countries interested in developing their own approaches.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Among the countries examined in this review, Egypt, England, Iceland, Israel the Netherlands and Northern Ireland stand out as having more limited short-cycle professional participation, with university sectors and bachelor’s degrees appearing to dominate provision. But these countries appear to be the exceptions to the rule. In Canada, a substantial proportion of apprentices have high school diplomas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Tne identification phase sets out the stage for project preparation and implementation, it is crucial to address all the conceptual issues at this stage. Many issues encountered in preparation and implementation are rooted in the identification phase, it is also important to address them properly. Major issues to be addressed during the identification phase include: rationale for project intervention, compliance of proposed project concept and approaches with relevant IFI and government strategies and priorities, clarification of client's commitment and ownership, feasibility of project development objectives (PDOs) and time frame, suitability of technical models and methods, appropriateness of financing instruments and models, sustainability of project investment, and balance between risks and results. Depending on specific project concept and scope, application of relevant innovative approaches and practices summarized in Part 1 and further described in Part 3 could be considered. For example, the AWM investment planning approach can be used for defining water service demand, financing model and O&M arrangements in the context of local value chain and agribusiness development. The WAA approach can be used for preliminary water resources assessment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Given the variety of country contexts and limited guidance, there are significant variations in how this information has been reported, some of which could potentially be resolved through common guidance (Table 6). For those that do provide some useful insights, the process can be complex, and can involve compiling information from a range of different agencies or bodies within the national government, publicly available information from various international sources (e.g. regional development banks or UN bodies) and bilateral climate finance providers. Argentina, for example, reports that it simply used publicly-available information in donor countries’ databases.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Mortality indicators such as suicide and premature mortality provide important information on mental health status and the interplay of mental and physical health, but more specific indicators are necessary to reflect the quality of mental health care. Measuring and improving the quality of mental health care is a key challenge not least given the need to capture complex care pathways and encompass a range of outcomes. Numerous ongoing and completed projects seek to measure and benchmark the quality and outcomes of mental health care at an international level in spite of the many challenges faced by such endeavors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Finally it lists some pointers for policy development as food for thought for countries seeking to improve professional continuity for transitions. These include the ability to create a high-quality pedagogic environment, a good understanding of child development and an ability to praise, comfort and be responsive to children. Teachers specialised in early childhood development, or with greater experience of transitions, are more likely to use a higher number and a wider variety of transition practices.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
An Introduction to the Rule of Law in Comparative Perspective.- The Rule of Law in Ancient Greek Thought.- The Liberal State and Criminal Law Reform in Spain.- Some Realism About Legal Certainty in the Globalization of the Rule of Law.- Is Goal-Based Regulation Consistent with the Rule of Law?.- Reflections on Shakespeare and the Rule of Law.- America's Constitutional Rule of Law: Structure and Symbol.- Constitutions Without Constitutionalism: The Failure of Constitutionalism in Brazil.- Rule of Law, Power Distribution, and the Problem of Faction in Conflict Interventions.- The Rule of Law in Transitional Justice: The Fujimori Trial in Peru.- The Interaction of Customary Law with the Modern Rule of Law in Albania and Kosova.- Dualism, Domestic Courts, and the Rule of International Law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Primary and secondary prevention are far from adequate, and Latvian GPs will need to deliver considerably improved care in these areas. Once the quality-monitoring framework for GPs is better established, it should focus on clinical outcomes rather than activities to support them to deliver better care. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)