albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The need to involve the patient - both in their care and in incident reporting - resonates strongly and is consistent with the responses on measuring harm. The popularity of incentives to encourage team-based care is interesting. It suggests a potential move towards alternative remuneration models (population-based or bundled payments). It also suggests that a breakdown in integrated care can be seen as a safety lapse - therefore adding weight to avoidable hospitalisations as a safety issue (Section 3.2.2).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Expenditure per student in the Folkeskole varies across municipalities for a number of reasons. Expenditure might be high because inhabitants have a high income, because the municipality chooses to have a relatively high income tax rate, because of characteristics that increase the expenditure needs and thus the grants from the central government, and/or because a municipality chooses to prioritise the Folkeskole compared to other local public services. The central government steers in relation to the national goals set with the reform (see Chapters 1 and 3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Fuelled by the thirst of world markets for its leading exports - oil, gas, metals and grain - and following a first wave of successful reforms after independence, national output has been increasing by 6.5% on average annually since 1996, closely followed by an average of 6.2% increase in GDP per capita. In 2006, Kazakhstan was classified as an upper middle income country and in 2011 its real per capita income reached USD 11 5682 (WDI). This is well above the average for Central Asia (USD 6 964)3 and for the upper middle income group of countries (USD 9 235),4 and above GDP per capita in countries which are now recording higher average growth rates, such as China, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan or Tajikistan (WDI).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
For example, a child is deprived in health if he or she did not receive a BCG vaccination, or had an unskilled birth attendant, or both. The major part of the deprivation analysis is concentrated on deprivation by dimension or by multiple dimensions. Multiple deprivations are measured by a simple deprivation count, in which each of the dimensions has an equal weight. While it is possible to weight dimensions to indicate a relative value difference between them, no weighting scheme is applied in this analysis. Each of the selected dimensions reflects a basic right and all of them are therefore considered of equal importance (see de Neubourg et al., These findings display a sector perspective by presenting the percentage of children deprived in a given indicator or dimension.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
J.A.E.Vervaele@uu.nl). All are Professors of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure at the Willem Pompe Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology, School of Law, Utrecht University, the Netherlands. 2 Stefan Trechsel is a judge at the Trial Chamber III of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the former President of the European Commission of Human Rights. 3 In this publication, the AIDC questionnaire is to be found as an appendix to the report. The AIDP reporter has chosen to incorporate the questions into the report, which also ends with resolutions that have been adopted by the International Congress, a procedure not applicable at the AIDC congress in Mexico. 4 As the AIDP reporter notes, security concerns are a social construction and as much about fears and perceptions as about substantive empirical changes in actual crime rates and patterns, for which criminological data provide no support.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
First, it shortens the production chain. Complex and/or customized inputs are typically produced using many parts and components, each of which needs to be designed, prototyped and manufactured separately but to fit together seamlessly. 3D printing allows such complex inputs to be produced in one piece, thus lowering the number of production steps (Section C.2(c) further elaborates on this topic).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In: R. B. Freeman and D. A. Wise (eds), The Youth Labor Problem: Its Nature, Causes and Consequences, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Population by sex and age groups on 1 January, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/region cities/metropolitan regions/ data metro/database sub3 (accessed in June 2013). The Dynamics of Modem Society - Poverty, Policy and Welfare, The Policy Press, Bristol, pp. The Journal of Human Resources, 38(1), pp.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Centralised decision making, they argued, makes it difficult to (i) use public funding to support tailor-made training solutions, and (ii) for local providers to adjust their staff and financial resources to respond quickly and adequately to demand. In this chapter, the levels, sources and uses of adult-leaming funding are discussed, as they all contribute to shaping the adult-leaming system and its outcomes. The way funding is used, for example the level of targeting governments adopt, and the mechanisms through which it is distributed, can influence the performance of the system, and participation rates in particular (Desjardins, 2017jij, OECD, 2017,2]). However, according to some stakeholders, employer-sponsored training tends to be of little relevance to firms’ productivity and to the employability of workers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The results also confirm that the risk of poverty is higher for children in migrant households or those characterized by a lower level of education. This suggests that poverty is not simply an outcome of labour market conditions and dynamics (e.g. unemployment, low wage, inadequate benefit packages etc). Thus, a strategy to assure a decent standard of living for children must take into consideration not only the generation of employment but must also ensure decent working conditions for parents.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
For instance, within the telecommunication industry itself, data analytics is applied to reduce churn, retain and gain new customers, and plan and optimize network capacity. Investments in software solutions are expected to grow rapidly - reaching USD 70 billion in 2020 globally-as businesses increase their spending on reporting and analysis tools, data warehouse management tools and cognitive software platforms. The term "digital twins" refers to virtual replicas of physical objects or systems: a physical object's status is mirrored in a digital "twin", which in return provides the capability of digital surveillance and manipulation of the counterpart in the physical world (Deloitte, 2017).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Moreover, 'States should adopt temporary special measures to accelerate the equal enjoyment by women of all economic, social and cultural rights' to address this situation’ (ibid.). She adds that 'considering that gender inequality is a cause of and a factor that perpetuates poverty, effective recovery policies must take into account State obligations regarding gender equality and the protection of women's full range of rights' (ibid., 23).The ILO recently passed the Social Protection Floors Recommendation, which links the right to social security to the promotion of‘equal opportunity and gender and racial equality’(ILO 2012). Redistributive measures are not in themselves sufficient to address gendered disadvantage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For other EU-SILC countries (Belgium, Greece, Slovak Republic, Poland), the confidence intervals shown in the annex of the paper are to be considered provisional, as they assume simple random sampling. This assumption is likely to underestimate the real size of the confidence intervals (Goedeme, 2012). They will be updated once it becomes possible to define (computational) strata and primary sampling units for each country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The PROTAR (Wastewater Treatment Program) programme prioritises wastewater treatment works that belong to inter-municipal systems and does not provide support for rehabilitating a work before five years. Investments to increase efficiency increased (in constant 2008 prices) from 2002-2008 from MXN 1.5 billion to MXN 4.0 billion (CONAGUA, 2011c). However, this only represents an increase from 11.5% to 13.6% of the total sub-sector investments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
espanolEn razon de su importancia esencial para la democracia, la libertad de expresion se encuentra fuertemente protegida dentro del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos, tanto por diversos documentos como por la jurisprudencia constante de la Corte. Sin embargo, esta situacion podria cambiar bastante con motivo de la Convencion Interamericana contra toda Forma de Discriminacion e Intolerancia, en atencion a las medidas que ella contempla para prevenir actos de esta especie EnglishDue to its utmost importance for democracy, freedom of expression is strongly protected within the inter-american system of human rights, as much in many of its documents as in the constant jurisprudence of the Court. This situation, nevertheless, might change quite a bit with the Inter-American Convention Against All Forms of Discrimination and Intolerance, in connection with the measures that the convention establishes to prevent such actions
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Some elements may be missed because the NCs are intended to provide an overview of the main activities underway, rather than an exhaustive account of all the adaptation activities taking place within a country. Additionally, the majority of NCs included in the analysis were published in 2009 or 2010, and due to the pace of change in adaptation programmes they may lack some important recent developments. The review of NCs has, therefore, been complemented by information from national planning documents, direct contact with member governments and the May 2012 Policy Forum on Adaptation to Climate Change in OECD Countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Water abstracted for hydropower is even smaller, at 0.01% of the base fees, amounting to EUR 0.0000002/m3 and EUR 0.0000004/m3 in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea basins, respectively. All hydropower schemes, for instance, disrupt river regimes, to different degrees and in different ways. Projects involving water storage interrupt the downstream flow, and the timing and location of releases may be inconvenient for other riparians. Annual evaporation from reservoirs typically amounts to several percentage points of the stored water volume, and larger rates in warm climates.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Korea needs to work out its own mix of solutions adapted to its situation and culture. A Korean approach, with public support, needs to be developed. What the Safe System approach will deliver is new energy. The approach should be stepwise, with realistic interim targets to short/medium term deadlines complementing the ambitious long term vision.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Gender equality marker data reveal that, in 2009-10, the education sector received one of the highest shares of gender equality focused aid -20%, or approximately USD 5.3 billion (Figure 5.1). This was equal to the government and civil society sector’s allocation and just ahead of the health sector (19%). Next came the health sector with 51%, which reflects donor efforts to meet MDG5 (improve maternal health).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Thus, while professional continuity is crucially dependent on staff training and development, it is also framed by the structural and procedural environment in which they operate. Professional continuity can be seen as a facilitating factor for ensuring continuity of pedagogical practices across transitions, discussed in Chapter 4, and continuity from a child development perspective, as discussed in Chapter 5. The chapter then identifies three key challenges highlighted by countries and strategies they have developed to address them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
While their role has been reduced over time, they continue to exercise responsibility for enforcing national law's and regulations at the region or departement level. A central responsibility of prefets is to manage police, fire and other public safety organisations, and to head all local public services that are delivered directly by the national government. Regional prefets have authority over departemental ones and their activities are formally co-ordinated through the Regional Administrative Committee.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This1 paper summarizes the history of Chinese administrative modernization and reform and discusses the ways in which China's e-government development agenda supports reform in the areas of transforming functions, streamlining processes, and enhancing transparency and citizen engagement. It offers a conceptual model of how e-government supports reform through policies, technologies, management improvements, and data designed to overcome the barriers of technical capability, staff resistance, and lack of cross-boundary collaboration. The analysis also shows how this interaction has generated new issues regarding official corruption and public engagement. We conclude with a future research agenda.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Many poor, small and vulnerable developing countries, including members of the Commonwealth and the Francophonie (CF) have achieved rather limited GVC participation in more dynamic types of trade to date. In other cases, evidence of the beneficial effects of GVC participation continues to be subject to scrutiny. This chapter highlights three areas that deserve further consideration by policy-makers in order to more effectively deliver inclusive GVCs: the inherent structural characteristics of groups of countries that competitively disadvantage participation in certain types of GVCs, the fragmented nature of global governance mechanisms, combined with fragmented production, which can undermine potential developmental gains, and the potential effects of the emerging global trade architecture on future GVC participation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The main approach of the project is building the capacity of staff of the central apparatus of the APA and local park administrations. The project covers four pilot sites: Lagodekhi Protected Areas, Mtirala National Park, Imereti Caves Protected Areas and Ajameti Managed Reserve. The NGO Biosphere is collaborating with the administration in a project to promote chamois conservation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Instead, an oversight CRGE Inter-Ministerial Committee was created by the Prime Minister’s Office to give high-level policy direction, with ministerial and high-level official representation from each of the ministries contributing to the CRGE. Under this is a Technical Committee comprising mid-level managers of the sectors, and Sub-technical Committees covering operational issues of the CRGE. This institutional set-up is both new and active: the Inter-Ministerial Committee meets on a bi-monthly basis to assess the outputs of the Technical Committee, the latter meets every 15 days, while the sub-technical committee members convene twice every week.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This could be in the form of a mobile phone application, a social enterprise or a platform for co-creation of public policy. Innovations could address demand-side issues (tools for citizens), support supply (tools for public servants) or even bridge the gap between the two and allow each to leverage their full potential (ibid.). In principle, the diffusion theory is considered a meta-theory based on the fact that, as pointed out by Rogers (1995), it combines several theoretical perspectives that relate to the overall concept of diffusion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Separate local pollution standards may also be set for particular cities or regions. In 2013, a target of 60 PM2 5 pg/m3 was set for Beijing by 2017, and was achieved, according to the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. Motor vehicle engines produce a range of pollutants, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and hydrocarbons. Particulate matter pollution is also produced by vehicles from non-exhaust sources such as road, brake and tire wear.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The financing is split between the national government (50%), the revenues from the congestion tax (41%), the city of Gothenburg (4%), Region Vastra Gotaland and Region Halland (total 4%), and realised property values (1%). While the decision on the agreement was taken with clear majorities in the political bodies of Gothenburg, Region Vastra Gotaland and Region Halland, there was limited, if any, public discussion. In a local advisory referendum, which took place after the agreement was implemented, a majority of citizens was against the tax, but the tax collection (started in 2013) is still in place. The tax is SEK 9-22 depending on the time of day (the corresponding tax in Stockholm is SEK 11-35 and in Oslo NOK 33). Since the tax was implemented, travel by car has increased in Gothenburg in line with the national average, but travel by public transport has increased faster. The package is now being implemented and most investments are scheduled to be finalised by 2026.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Encourage innovation by granting high-performing health services greater autonomy through an Earned Autonomy model. Create broader generalist roles for nurses, pharmacists and other allied health professionals including the capacity to prescribe an appropriate range of medication. Support the creation of new roles, governed by appropriate accreditation and credentialling, training, peer review and accountability.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The ILO report noted global estimates where more than 100 million girls were involved in child labour, and many were exposed to some of its worst forms. This is in line with assertions made in numerous other references, which also point to a strong link between education, increased women’s (as opposed to girls’) labour force participation, the wages they earn and overall productivity, all of which ultimately yields higher benefits for communities and nations. In other words, it pays to invest in girls' and women's education. Anne Oakley in particular, is known for coining the term gender socialization (1979), which indicates that gender is socially constructed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The law enabled LRGs to allocate resources to these activities from their general budget (Government of France, 1992) but did not allow LRGs to mobilise resources from their water and sanitation budgets. The law' prohibits syndicats mixtes and water agencies from intervening in or financing international development. The law allows municipalities, public institutions of inter-municipal co-operation (EPCI, is the French acronym) of all sizes and syndicats mixtes in charge of drinking water and sanitation service delivery to mobilise up to 1% of the resources allocated to the budgets of these services to carry out co-operation actions w'ith foreign territorial authorities. Moreover, the law stated that w'ater agencies may undertake international co-operation in the fields of water and sanitation (also up to 1% of its resources), in compliance with France’s international commitments and with the approval of the Basin Committee (Government of France, 2005).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
M.2083, 3 major 5G/IMT-2020 use scenarios include: (1) enhanced mobile broadband, (2) ultra-reliable and low-latency communications, (3) massive machine-type communications. Developing and emerging economies are leapfrogging older technologies and becoming more mobile-oriented. Many countries have established 5G Taskforces to accelerate 5G, including India, UAE, Brazil, China, Turkey, Rep. of Korea, Japan, Indonesia, South Africa and Saudi Arabia. The EU has also developed a 5G Action Plan.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Figures 2.16, 2.17 and 2.18 at the end of this chapter show the relative standing of the United States compared to the benchmark countries examined in the subsequent chapters and other OECD countries. Unlike other federal nations, the United States did not measure the performance of states individually on PISA. However, it is possible to compare the performance of public schools among groups of states.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
A pool is pro-competitive where the participating parties are able to use each other’s technology for further competing product development, and where the pool is open to be used by third parties, against the payment of a fee. Box 11 provides an example of such an open patent pool created by UNITAID for accelerated treatment of HIV/AIDS. On the other hand, patent pools may also have serious anti-competitive effects where participating parties agree on joint use of the technology, establish uniform prices of the resulting products, and refuse licenses to outsiders.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The State, through the education process, will create conditions and opportunities and will stimulate the technical, scientific, technological and humanistic training of workers in order to ensure their incorporation into the social process of work in decent, safe and secure productive jobs that guarantee the employee’s welfare. In the event of termination of the employment relationship for reasons beyond the control of the worker, or in cases of dismissal without just cause when the employee expresses a wish not to request re-instatement, the employer must pay compensation equivalent to the amount corresponding to social benefits. The chief motivation of governments was to maintain social peace and avoid major social conflicts. Institutions were created gradually, from the first labour inspectorates and employment offices to labour ministries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
An open question began to be used in 2004. However, there are differences by occupational situation: between 1996 and 2009, the unemployed were more likely than any of the other groups to say that unemploy ment was the country’s main problem, followed by own-account workers. Conversely, the group composed of mid- and high-ranking executives and professionals were less likely to identify unemployment as the countiy’s main problem than the other groups (see figure 1.19). An open question has been used since 2004. Data for the Dominican Republic have been available shce 2004.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The key question is how to establish positive conditions to facilitate the implementation of such reforms. Water is not an isolated “sector” but part of wider economic, social and natural systems that include agriculture, trade, energy, real estate, finance, social protection and so on. Changes in these wider systems may even have more impact on water management than actions within the sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In particular, the recent integration of police data and insurance companies’ data on road traffic accidents has allowed for a standardisation of statistics. Previously, there were tremendous discrepancies between the traffic accident statistics from the National Police Agency (Traffic Accident Management System - TAMS) and those released by the Korea Insurance Development Institute. Just as an example, in 2005, the National Police Agency-registered only 214 171 traffic accidents, whereas the Korea Insurance Development Institute registered 807 253, almost four times higher (Park, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The behaviour and attitudes learned in childhood are carried forward into later life, where they reinforce gender roles and models with respect to adult duties and opportunities for a better quality of life (see the figure below). Information is a public policy tool and opportunity. The calculation of indicators for children's economic, social and cultural rights helps to ensure full enjoyment of the rights set forth in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other human rights instruments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)