albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
AbstractIn the context of an increased attention to issues of participation, legitimacy, transparency and accountability in the field of environmental politics and policy, collaborative governance arrangements have been promoted to rearticulate the interactions between experts, policy-makers and citizens. This article discusses the relationship between the democratization of environmental governance and the democratization of expertise by focusing on two influential frameworks developed in the field of Science and Technology Studies: the framework of post-normal science, as elaborated by Funtowicz and Ravetz, and the notion of co-production developed by Jasanoff. By discussing in details the original formulations of these concepts, and by reviewing works adopting the two frameworks in the fields of climate science and policy, we discuss their potential contribution to the analysis of the politics of science in the context of environmental policy-making. We suggest that dynamics and outputs of the knowledg...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This could well destroy incentives to work among the poor, and is unlikely to be optimal from the point of view of poverty reduction in the long-run15. Neither, do the different scenarios account for potential interaction between social benefits or change the amount of tax paid following a reallocation of benefits16. Therefore, they should only be seen as the initial effect that would arise from certain redistributions of transfers, with the understanding that in the longer term, other factors may change the overall impact. Table 8 shows the various redistribution scenarios of family17 and housing benefits considered for OECD countries and what the associated child poverty rates would be for these countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Between 1997 and 2005 the percentage of Arab students in the colleges grew from 3.5% to 5.6% and in teacher training colleges from 15.6% to 30.4%. After a long period of stagnation there has been an increase in the share of Arab students studying for a master’s degree in the universities from around 3.6% throughout the 1990s to 5.1% in 2004. In 2008/09 about 6.4% of the total number of master’s degree students in universities were Arabs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The main challenges for reporting information in this area are mostly familiar, unresolved issues regarding the availability and clarity of information requested and reported. Work is being undertaken by the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) to improve the information available on public finance provided. Information on climate finance from countries that do not report to the DAC is currently more limited.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This research is a preliminary study to develop and examine the adoption model of social computing. Research model is developed upon the Social Influence Factors, Technology Acceptance Model, and Psychosocial Dysfunction. Research design was employed online and self-administered survey questionnaire. Data of 116 samples were analysed using Partial Least Square (PLS) technique. Results suggest that proposed model has met criteria of goodness-of-fit model and indicate that identification is an antecedent of desire to involve in social network sites (SNS) and involvement in SNS predicts psychosocial dysfunction. Implications for stakeholders and further research are discussed.  Keyword: social computing, social influence factors, psychosocial dysfunction, and social networking sites.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Tax concessions for farmers were withdrawn, as were free government services. Land-development loans, fertiliser and irrigation subsidies, and subsidised credit were reduced and then phased out from 1987, as were assistance for flood control, soil conservation and drainage schemes. As a result, the Effective Rate of Assistance (ERA)18 fell from 123% in 1983 to around zero by the 1990s.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The strategy does not include any examples of what kind indicators are needed. Any of these national, governmental documents related to recreation and tourism do not include monitoring or evaluation processes, which would make use of or be based on indicators. An expert panel of nature-based recreation and tourism and forest related cultural values was invited to deliver suggestions and recommendations to the NFP process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Due to this variation in past teaching experience, some participants can have their home country certifications validated through the fast track programme while others will have to enrol in a bridging programme (ULV - see below for more details) (Hajer and Economou, 2017(152]). As classroom routines and traditions, including individual versus group work and teacher-student interactions, can differ between countries, it is important to educate future Swedish teachers about student-centred learning (Hajer and Economou, 2017(135]). Between February 2016 and 2018, 1 304 people (62% female, 38% male) have participated or are participating in the programme. Promoted as a supplementary education for people with teaching certifications outside of Sweden, the aim is to retain as many migrant teachers in the teaching profession and allow them to start teaching as soon as possible.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Narodopis, ethnography, social anthropology, cultural anthropology…  Brief history of the culturology in Czech Republic   The article summarizes the history of the academic refl ection on the culture research in Czech Republic from the beginnings of the narodopis in the late 19th century till contemporary refl ection on culture under the brand of anthropology. It covers the diffi culties with defi ning the fi eld of the research as well as the discipline name problem. The plurality of disciplines we can now observe in Czech cultural studies is explained in context of the social and political circumstances, especially the belonging to the soviet universum after the 2nd World War. Finally the article tries to explain the great diffi culty with application of the Western, especially British, cultural studies into the postcommunist intellectual milieu
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It should be emphasized that monitoring coverage in soums varied between 30 and 100 per cent, depending on the aimag, except for Khentii (17 soums) and Bayankhongor (20 soums) Aimags, where no drinking water monitoring was performed in 2012. In 2015, in accordance with bacteriological indicators, 12.8 per cent of centralized and 28.1 per cent of decentralized water supply sources did not meet the drinking water quality standards. Calcium, magnesium, chloride and sulphate ion concentrations in the drinking water of 80 soums exceed the corresponding Mongolian National Standards and could affect public health in the region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
One new and unfortunate trend in both countries has been the deportation of convicted islanders, mainly from the USA, who make very little positive contribution after return (Pereira 2011). Moreover, it is common for the media of both countries to report that perpetrators of serious crimes are returned migrants. However, as population data indicate, return migration is quite limited. At no time during the past quarter of a century has there been substantial return migration to Samoa or Tonga, despite the centrality of an ideology of return.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Reasons for sustained, high levels of spending out-of-pocket are unclear. Part of the reason may be dissatisfaction with the quality or accessibility of services provided by institutions to which individuals are affiliated, leading them to seek care from private health providers. Nearly three in ten Mexicans die within a month of a heart-attack (and this rate is worsening), compared to less than one in ten across the OECD on average (where survival rates are generally improving).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Defoliation is needle or leaf loss in the assessable crown as compared with a reference tree. The extent of defoliation provides an indication of the health of forests. Defoliation is influenced by a combination of climatic factors (especially drought), soil conditions, atmospheric pollution and forest pathogens.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
A significant part of the efforts to meet those commitments should be focused in the rural areas of the developing world where 70% of the world's extremely poor people live, including most of the hungry. Improving rural people's livelihoods and smallholders' capacities is a central element in ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture. In fact, over recent decades, we've seen the socioeconomic benefits of, for example, mobile telephony in improving the lives of many poor rural people.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The Nordic Ecolabels covers: copier, digital duplicators, facsimile machines, multifunctional devices, printers, scanners and extra equipment EPEAT covers: printers, copiers, scanners, facsimile machines, multifunction devices, mailing machines and digital duplicators. The EU ecolabel and EU GPP cover printers, copiers and multifunctional devices. Hence, the Nordic Ecolabel and EPEAT cover a broader selection of product types.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Detailed information on the dynamics of SA benefit receipt is crucial for the design of effective social safety nets. Recipient numbers provide insights on the coverage of last-resort benefits and their role in reducing poverty or as automatic stabilizers in times of economic crisis. Benefit transition rates indicate whether variations in receipt rates over time are driven primarily by changes in inflows or outflows, and thus possibly whether policies to reduce benefit receipt work better when they focus on reducing entries or promoting exits. Other central policy parameters, such as benefit levels and the design of activation measures, should depend on who receives benefits and for how long. This section - as the remainder of the document - focuses on the dynamics of SA benefit receipt taking a longitudinal perspective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Increasingly, states and local authorities are recognizing that indigenous peoples want to and should participate in running their schools, developing education policies and creating curricula. However, few community-based indigenous education projects have independent resources and most require outside financial help. Many community-based indigenous schools depend on foreign aid or private non-profit funds, and formal school systems have been less willing to adaptto the new education directions sought by indigenous communities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Moreover, 40 per cent of indigenous suicides occur within this age group. Suicide figures vary by community however, suicide rates have consistently been higher among Alaska Natives than any other racial/ethnic group in the United States. Suicide ranked fourth among the leading causes of death among Alaska Natives in 2008. Alaska has the highest rate of suicide per capita in the country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
To reach a consensus and ensure that its standards are widely adhered to, the ISO offers public access to drafts of standards and uses voting and appeals systems. All ISO standards are voluntary agreements, meaning that compliance depends on broad agreement. For instance, the ISO 50001 energy management standard establishes a framework for industrial plants, commercial facilities and entire organizations to manage energy more efficiently. These types of standards help define, implement and monitor energy-efficiency policies at macro and micro levels. They also bring innovative energy-efficiency technologies to the market faster. And they are objective metrics for regulations and policy incentives to encourage greater use of innovative technologies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
They also help individuals integrate into society, trust and help others, and participate in various activities. Finally, with a strong skills foundation, individuals are likely to transmit healthy behaviours to their children, and help them when needed (OECD, 2013a). To employers, education degrees and certificates signal the level of skills a prospective employee, including a recent graduate, will bring to a job.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
ABSTRACTAlthough the Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers (CRMW) is a ‘core’ human rights treaty, it is poorly ratified. Previous studies have elucidated the barriers to ratification, in thi...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Tourism generates 12% of GDP, and has recently grown at a rate of 3% a year-. A major challenge is to diversify the rural economy to replace the income and jobs in agriculture as the sector continues to decline and to make the most of the inherent comparative advantages linked to a large extent to the natural environment that attracts tourism. While it is hard to adequately measure the ‘process’ elements of an innovation system, we can go some way to gauge its effectiveness by examining indicators of scientific and technological output and resources. Table 4.2 presents data on select aspects of Mexican science and technology infrastructure and compares them with Brazil, Chile and Argentina, as well as China and South Korea.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
China has taken world leadership in the development of renewable energy and India has significantly increased its installed capacity of renewable energy sources, while ASEAN possesses a largely untapped potential. According to the IEA (2015c), the unexploited potential for hydropower in Southeast Asia is particularly substantial. For instance, Lao PDR alone has an estimated hydropower potential of 23 GW, while the current installed capacity stood at a mere 3.2 GW in 2012.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
These strategies must also expressly consider social and economic consequences and the distribution of impact across time and between stakeholders. More specifically, fisheries policy makers will need to consider the following fundamental questions when developing climate adaptation strategies: What policy options are available? How should decisions be made ?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The electricity price is key. All things equal, the higher the electricity price, the lower the relative contribution of carbon finance. Therefore, whatever the targets agreed upon will be, the role of implementation mechanisms is fundamental. Several proposals have already been put forward and they are being discussed by the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The 2008 mortgage crash and the online publics that have emerged in its aftermath have reshaped American interpretations of indebtedness. Combining research among homeowners facing foreclosure in California’s Sacramento Valley with an analysis of the national online forums they frequent, I show how participants rethink the moral scaffolding of debt relations within what I describe as online publics of indebtedness. Anonymous online publics foster experiences of disembodied autonomy that encourage debt refusal and discipline the middle-class ethics of debt abandonment, as participants distinguish between mortgagors who deserve not to pay their debts and those they deem irresponsible for defaulting on their loans. In contrast, participation in semipublic social networks and online forms of publicity emphasizes new affective orientations toward debt obligations. My analysis contributes to an anthropological scholarship on moral economies by exploring the role of distinct forms of new media in shaping everyday experiences of indebtedness in late-capitalist financial markets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The Touareg are scattered among five nations of the Sahara and the central Sahel. The Tubu or Goranes (Teda, Daza) live in Chad, Libya and Niger. The Zaghawa live in neighbouring areas on both sides of the Sudan-Chad border, along with the Bideyat of Ennedi, who are related to both groups. Fula groups are spread along the southern border of the Sahara, in Senegal, and in the Sudan, forming a Sahelian zonal area.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Through a collaborative effort among Ghananian-based professionals, local community members and international experts, the initiative developed strategies to convert a two-acre plot of land into an urban green space. Not only do roads ensure population mobility, they foster the local economy and prosperity in general. Between 30 and 35 per cent of a city's land area should be reserved for this essential urban backbone, in order to prioritise active and public transport.2 With limited to no streets, slums are socially and economically weak and disconnected from the rest of urban areas. In planned city areas, the street space may be unequally distributed or designed in favour of active and public transportation, the modes of mobility children and their families depend on.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
There is a specific need for investment in agriculture’s enabling environment, with investments in roads, ports, power, storage and irrigation systems, as well as in non-agricultural areas such as education (particularly of women), sanitation and clean water supply, and health care. Public and private investments in scientific research and development, technology transfer, and in education, training and advisory services are needed to ensure that successful practices are scaled up. Public Private Partnerships (PPP) can be an effective vehicle for increasing foreign direct investment (FDI).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Bioturbation by benthic organisms declines, mortality increases, and bacteria thrive, which impacts elemental cycling (Middleburg and Levin, 2009). The changes in DIP were attributed to the release of phosphorus during hypoxic conditions with it returning to the sediments during non-hypoxic periods. Similarly, the flux of nitrogen in the form of ammonium from microbial respiration increases.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Bulletin. Available at: http://www.cbssvrr.rn/ middle.files/oaol.htm. Central Organization for Statistics in Iraq. Ihsu Dam and HEPP Project Update Resettlement Action Plan IFinal Report! .Published by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources in Turkey. Satt-Alfected Soils and Their Management.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Municipalities within Gauteng may also support the elaboration of district spatial development plans for each of the planning districts within a metropolitan area, but these tend to be much more detailed plans on specific zoning and development decisions in the near term. Most of the major infrastructure projects in the province have been achieved through intergovernmental co-operation, and this continues to be strengthened and refined. Positive aspects of co-operative governance include intergovernmental plans and planning structures to give effect to the Programme of Action, as well as the implementation of a range of key intergovernmental delivery projects.9 Amongst the most important intergovernmental projects is the development of Gautrain, the multi-billion rand fast-rail link, which connects the major centres of Tshwane and Johannesburg with the O.R. Tambo International Airport in the eastern part of the region. While provincial government negotiated the major portion of government funding for the project, as well as the private-sector investment component, provincial and local government collaborated closely on the design of stations and station precincts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Pricing GHG emissions would also increase incentives to invest in energy R&D to develop low-emission technologies and to deploy them. Such Induced Technological Change (ITC) would ultimately reduce emission abatement costs. This analysis also suggests, however, that ITC alone may only have modest effects on mitigation costs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
As a result, many policy changes affecting PIT also affect SSC liabilities. Perhaps contrary to common perception, indirect taxes, which consume a greater part of income for lower-income groups, have declined as a share of total tax revenues (from 33.9 percent in 1985 to 31.9 percent in 2005), despite a significant increase in revenues from value-added taxes (OECD, 2007b). Finally, and unlike contributions paid by employees, payroll taxes and social contributions paid by employers have tended to decline slightly between 1985 and 2005.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Thus, it provides assistance in the preparation of public decisions of elected officials, its implementation, its monitoring and Evaluation. It may give themselves records or any matter it deems necessary. It occupies a prominent place for the dissemination of information within the professional circles and associations, or even to the entire population and receives experts as needs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
At federal level, the National Water Commission (CONAGUA) is the main body in charge of water planning, financing and strategic setting, there is no overarching framework for the provision of water services which, according to the Constitution, is the responsibility of municipalities with varying levels of capacity and resources. The 1992 National Water Law has gradually transferred water resource responsibilities to 13 river basin organisations, which operate as CONAGUA implementing agencies. While some progress has been achieved in better managing interdependencies across stakeholders and creating an overarching framework for water resources management, much remains to be done to overcome the scattered regulatory framework for water services. Irrigation units typically operate without a legal identity and are not organised to voice their concerns.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Native indigenous water social, spiritual and customary objectives are to be assessed and addressed in plans where they can be developed. In 1998, amendments to the Native Title Act introduced indigenous land use agreements (ILUAs). These are agreements between a native title group and an interested party in the use and management of lands or waters. Frameworks in place allow significant indigenous representation on committees and the identification of cultural water values. Beyond consultation, this approach incorporates the indigenous authority and rights of control into a governance framework, indigenous traditional leaders in a statutory board, and a natural resources management framework. There is no common framework or organised information sharing among river basin councils to define their strategy and develop their actions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Women and young people have entered the labour force in greater numbers, but their participation rates remain low compared to most OECD and Latin American countries. Attitudes towards women’s work and childcare commitments as well as regulations regarding childcare provision pose a barrier to female employment. Overall education quality and access to higher education have improved, but early stages of compulsory schooling remain the priority and poor linkages between education and job related skills often limit employment prospects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)