albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
This amendment, which was subject to a disallowance motion in Federal Parliament, was ultimately agreed in May 2018. In parallel, the government is working with Basin States towards full Basin Plan implementation by 1 July 2019, which is when the binding SDLs set by the Basin Plan will come into effect. It is also expected that by this time, all Basin State water resource plans will have been assessed by the MDBA as compliant with the Basin Plan and accredited by the Federal Minister.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Part 1: Economic change: the Euro-Mediterranean free trade zone: economic challenges and social impacts on the countries of the South and East Mediterranean, Alvaro Vasconcelos and George Joffe foreign investment and the rule of law, George Joffe. Part 2: The political process: political transition in the Middle East, May Chartouni-Dubarry democratization in the Mashreq: the role of external factors, Mustafa Hamarneh political reform and social change in the Maghreb, Gema Martin-Munoz. Part 3: Security issues in the Mediterranean: towards a new WMD agenda in the Euro-Mediterranean policies of arms control: an Arab perspective, Mark A. Heller arms control in the Mediterranean area: a European perspective, Pascal Boniface the Euro-Mediterranean security partnership: prospects of arms limitation and confidence-building. Conclusion: challenges and prospects, Roberto Aliboni and Abdel Monem Said Aly
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Similarly, the seller can rate us as trustworthy buyers. Teachers there are judicious and selective in using technology in their classrooms, but they embrace technology when it comes to enhancing and sharing professional practice. When I visited Shanghai in 2013,1 saw teachers using a digital platform to share lesson plans. That in itself is not unusual, what made it different from other places was that the platform was combined with reputational metrics. The more other teachers downloaded, or critiqued or improved lessons, the greater the reputation of the teacher who had shared them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
R&D in this area can generate private benefits by leading to economies in the use of increasingly costly resources or controlling costs incurred in meeting environmental standards. It can also make products more attractive to consumers who are concerned about the environmental impact of their purchasing decisions, and thereby help to increase sales for a firm. Both of these developments can contribute to profitability and the survival of the firm in a competitive business environment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It would impact their ability to effectively export financial services, and for their financial institutions to compete with developed and developing country institutions. Virtual interactions and e-transmissions require the support of skilled professionals, seamless connectivity, and high-end technology, together with strong distribution networks, customer service set-ups, adequate financial support, and an efficient regulatory system that facilitates trade and enhances the ease of doing business. The inadequacy of such structures in LDCs and small states hinders the productivity and efficiency of service suppliers and their ability to compete in the global market and to connect effectively to global supply chains. Smaller service suppliers from small states, LDCs and developing countries, which plug into these supply chains, and business models, and complete the loop, makes them critically dependent on such niche firms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The less energy is required, the less of it needs to be produced and imported, the less scope there is for any breakdown in supply. And yet, this intuitively appealing reasoning needs to be qualified. In some forms, inefficiency can provide a source of flexibility in times of crisis and supply interruptions - simply by eradicating its most blatant manifestations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In a number of countries (such as Austria, Chile, Norway, Sweden and Brazil), legislation or collective agreements provide for fee-based insurance schemes or individual saving accounts, with employers’ contributions payable as a percentage of payroll and which can be accessed by workers upon dismissal.13 In a similar way, in Ireland, employers are reimbursed 15% of their severance costs by a redundancy fund financed by ordinary employer and employee social security contributions. These schemes have the advantage of inducing no disincentives for dismissals or voluntary separations, while insuring workers against dismissal. For these reasons, they can be considered best practices in this area.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Every time a lender underwrites an eligible loan under this programme, the Connecticut Green Bank reserves a percentage of the loan principal (between 7.5-15%) for the lender in the event of a default (Energize CT, 2013). In the Connecticut model, to promote sound lending practices and share risks, the lender assumes the “first loss” (1.5%) on its portfolio before it is permitted to access the reserve fund. When discussing credit enhancement, the terms guarantee and insurance are often used interchangeably.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The Agreement lists possible vehicles through which an adaptation communication could be submitted (Article 7.11), while leaving the form and timing of an adaptation communication open. The Paris Agreement also stresses that adaptation reporting should avoid creating any additional burden for developing country Parties. At a national level, identifying and collating information could help a country communicate its priority needs and actions, identify progress towards national goals, highlight the need for international support, and better co-ordinate and communicate actions and funding within the country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Remedier a ces lacunes est la recommandation prioritaire de cet Examen. Faute d’investissements appropries dans ces domaines, il est extremement difficile d’ameliorer la productivite et la competitivite, et d’assurer un developpement durable de l’agriculture. Si davantage de moyens ont ete affectes a ces domaines ces dernieres annees, beaucoup reste a faire cependant. La dispersion geographique tres marquee des activites agricoles au Kazakhstan impose a priori des couts plus eleves qui sont encore alourdis par l’insuffisance des infrastructures de transport. Ces deux dernieres decennies, le gouvernement a mene des efforts importants pour creer de grands axes de communication.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The costs of establishing a commercial kitchen and obtaining a licence to operate would be prohibitive for most w'omen. Successful in their efforts, the federation now develops and leads a network of women’s business incubators under the “Pionnieres” brand, supporting companies which offer innovative personal and corporate services. Women Business Incubation (WBI) as a Gateway to Economic Development: Findings from an infoDev World Bank Study on WBI”, Powerpoint slides.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The rule in the ICC Statute whereby a third party national may be validly surrendered to the jurisdiction of the Court by a member state offends a most fundamental rule of international law, which is moreover of a customary nature. In addition, it causes more conflicts as compared to its purported benefits, given that it constitutes a major stumbling block for the United States and has upset the U.N.9s peacekeeping missions. The rule should therefore be abandoned in order to alleviate these concerns.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, many commercial fish stocks are overfished with resulting loss in benefits and welfare due to poor management of the fish resources (World Bank, 2009). The oceans are not only a source for wild caught fish but also an important location for expanding marine aquaculture production. For millennia the oceans have been used for transport of goods and people. The bulk of long distance transportation for world trade of goods is done by freighters on international shipping routes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
These adverse natural events have caused large human casualties and had considerable economic costs. Human development progress has been weakened by these impacts and, in some cases, hard-won gains have been reversed. In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15,000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Stronger emphasis needs to be placed on general competencies that will allow people to adjust to rapid changes in the labour market and have the capacity for lifelong learning. Due to rapidly changing skill requirements in working life, lifelong learning, skills upgrading and reskilling are becoming increasingly important. For non-traditional learners, who combine work and study and/or family obligations, flexible ways of provision need to be in place through work-based, e-leaming and distance education. In addition, attendance on the basis of non-formal and informal learning should be allowed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The IHDP is supported by the United Nations and numerous international associations. While developing ways to steer industrial societies in developed/developing countries towards sustainability, the IHDP-IT group published a simplified booklet (IHDP-IT, 2001) which provided a conceptual basis, analytical tool, evaluation procedure and policy implication methods to reduce our “ecological rucksack” (hidden flows) and improve factor X and resource efficiency in corporations, regions (e.g. eco-towns) and national initiatives. Some studies have also suggested a double decoupling for sustaining resource use: economic growth from resource use (resource efficiency) and resource use from environmental impact (Bringezu, 2006).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Some 750 experts in global public health, US constitutional law, and international law and relations have called for leaders in the US Senate and the House of Representatives to prevent the US president, Donald Trump, from withdrawing from the World Health Organization.1  On 9 July WHO’s director general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, pleaded with the international community for unity against the covid-19 pandemic, amid a “lack of leadership and solidarity at the global level and national levels.” The pandemic was getting worse and cases had doubled in the past six weeks, he said, urging people to …
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Every year, excess female mortality after birth and ‘missing girls’ at birth account for an estimated 3.9 million women below the age of 60, about two-fifths of whom are never born, one-fifth goes missing in infancy and childhood, and the remaining two-fifths die between the ages of 15 and 59 (World Bank, 2012). Figure 3.2 shows missing women in Africa by sub-region. Africa, as a whole, is one of the biggest contributors to the global population of missing women, and its numbers are increasing. This could even be more challenging in the years ahead given the high fertility rates in sub-Saharan Africa: 5.1 percent in 2011 compared to 2.5 percent for the world (UNFPA, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Reports indicate that acid attacks are on the rise in Pakistan (Ilahi 2014). In 2014 alone, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan found that 232 women in Pakistan suffered acid attacks or were burned, the majority by someone they knew (International Crisis Group 2015). Eight female parliamentarians have dedicated the development funds allocated to them to establish burn units in their respective district hospitals. For example, in 2010 WPC convened the first Convention of Women Parliamentarians on ‘The Role of Women Parliamentarians in Peace, Security & Reconciliation, which included women legislators from federal and provincial assemblies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This type of trial measures a treatment’s effect by randomly assigning participants to an intervention or control group. Randomisation allows researchers to identify causal relationships between a medical intervention and an outcome because it eliminates the potential bias that could taint the study findings. The design of the RCT aims to measure efficacy and not effectiveness.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Most of the cases involving heroin abuse in Kenya have been reported in Mombasa. Seizure data indicate that the smuggling of heroin to and through the United Republic of Tanzania has also increased. Of all the substances seized by Tanzanian authorities, cannabis, khat (Catha edulis) and heroin (in that order) accounted for the highest amounts seized. The seized heroin originated in Afghanistan, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of) and Pakistan and had been destined for China, Japan, South Africa, Turkey and the United States, as well as countries in Europe.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This article investigates the potential application of Article 9 ECHR’s protection for freedom of thought, conscience and religion to the issue of assisted dying. In particular it analyses the applicability of the right to manifest a belief to individual non-religious beliefs such as a desire to ‘die with dignity’. It argues that, despite recent developments in the interpretation of the meaning of a ‘manifestation’ of belief, the full scope of Article 9 has not yet been utilised by the European Court of Human Rights due to its limitation of the right’s protection to ‘religion-plus-other-isms’ (such as atheism and pacifism). Freedom of conscience, a concept of particular relevance to end of life decision-making in societies where the applicable law is founded, and sometimes still developed, upon Judaeo-Christian values, should be further developed so that it may sit alongside freedom of religion as a core component of Article 9.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Health spending per capita is among the lowest across the EU, and only about half the EU average (EUR 1428 per capita in Hungary compared to the EU average of EUR 2 797). Only two-thirds of health spending in Hungary is publicly funded (compared to nearly 80% across the EU), leaving the system highly reliant on direct out-of-pocket spending. Consequently, a relatively high share of low-income households reports unmet medical care needs due to financial reasons. More than 25% of such households face catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure for health care, a higher share than in most other EU countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Census data for 18 countries of the region show that vision and mobility impairments were the most common in Latin America and the Caribbean overall. These were followed by hearing and speech disabilities in Latin America and by mental or intellectual impairments and reduced manual dexterity in the Caribbean. Vision and motor disabilities have the least impact on access to education and employment, persons with cognitive and mental disabilities and those with limited capacity for self-care face the greatest difficulties in terms of integration into economic and social activity. For example, school attendance data on persons with disabilities aged between 13 and 18 years in 17 Latin American and Caribbean countries shows huge disparities in access to schooling by type of disability. The percentage attending school range from a low of 17% for persons with mental disabilities in El Salvador to 100% for persons with auditoiy disabilities in Bermuda and those with speech impairments in the Cayman Islands.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The concept of urban metabolism was formulated by Abel Wolmann (1965) in “The Metabolism of Cities”, which was followed by Graedel and Allenby (1995) and others. Examining quantitatively the material input-output influencing the efficiency of economic activities over environmental pressure, the characteristics of metabolism are evaluated in terms of economic features, not societal features. In this case, we should distinguish a resource-circulating economy from a resource-circulating society (RCS). Asian policies addressing material efficiency and sound disposal were recognized in the chair’s summary at the Asian 3R Conference in 2006, during which the 3R Initiative emphasizing the principles of “reduce, reuse and recycle” clarified the broad concepts of waste avoidance, minimization, treatment and disposal (MOE Japan, 2006).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Several options inspired by practices in various countries could be adapted to Peru by taking into account national specificities, but none would achieve the expected improvement if certain particularly important prerequisites are not met. These are: compliance with the good governance principles outlined above, in particular political commitment, formal interdepartmental coordination processes and institutional functionality, and the safeguarding of the efficient support programmes already in place. In principle, it would be better placed to ensure policy co-ordination and coherence and to reduce fragmentation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Half of the participants, chosen at random, were invited to attend the sessions with a peer of their choice. The brief sessions had positive effects on business behaviours and outcomes, but only among those who were trained alongside a friend. Women invited with a friend were more likely to use loans for business purposes and reported higher volumes of business, while women invited alone almost exclusively used the loans for home repair and did not report a higher volume of business relative to the control group.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Another reason is that pre-tax income inequality rose substantially in most countries, pushing up the gap between income-tax burdens faced by different income groups. To some extent, this offset the more generous tax treatment of richer households resulting from flatter tax schedules. In France, for example, the maximum benefit duration in the unemployment insurance programme was reduced while time-dependent reductions in payment rates were abandoned.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
These averaged ETB 27.7 billion annually between 2012/13 and 2015/16. External assistance averaged ETB 13.6 billion, of which 75% was provided by multilateral institutions and the remaining 25% by bilateral donors. The World Food Programme provided the largest share, contributing over 59% in 2015/16. The United Kingdom’s Department for International Development accounted for the major share of bilateral assistance with an average share of 74% of the total bilateral assistance received between 2012/13 and 2015/16.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Malaysia’s expanding carbon footprint jolted the federal government into including green technology as part of the Ministry of Energy and Water’s portfolio and into launching its National Green Technology Policy in July 2009. The Government is also committed to reduce carbon emissions by 40% within the next ten years, but may find this target may be difficult to reach due to increasing emphasis on Malaysia as a regional aviation hub and extensive private transport. The Penang Transport Council was established in 2009 to improve public transport by moving people instead of cars.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This is particularly pressing in developing countries where young people often lack job-ready skills and Al platforms, tools, and applications are scarce. In the least developed countries (LDCs), a lack of mass digitalization and low penetration of broadband mean there is insufficient data for machine learning and deep learning. There is also a lack of transparency in the use of education data to ensure algorithmic accountability, privacy and data transparency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
For example, a number of countries recently underwent setbacks in women’s representation in parliament (up to 6%). These results suggest that ensuring a continued balance in women’s representation requires ongoing vigilance. This is particularly the case when it applies to diverse groups. Backsliding is possible even when women’s political participation is a societal norm. A range of factors lead to these inequalities, including economic inequalities and access to finance, insufficient space for women to exhibit their skills, as well as internal party dynamics, attitude to gender issues and workplace culture. Unconscious biases that may manifest themselves through the association of leadership and managerial roles with men rather than women is another barrier for women’s advancement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Employment agencies, together with education and training institutions and others, can help localities move towards a high-skills equilibrium. Collaboratively, they need not only to better adapt the supply of skills to the demands of the local economy but also to improve local skills utilisation through: providing incentives for employers to invest in new technology, helping local enterprises to identify weaknesses in their production processes, promoting effective and innovative forms of w'ork organisation, facilitating technology transfer and encouraging uptake of training for both managers and werkers. The Skills Development Council in Pakistan, a self-sustained private organisation, illustrates this point. The council’s board consists of four employer members, one worker representative and five government officials.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This paper looks at the features of good career guidance practice, including the need for schools to begin early and the essential role of exposure to the world of work. Ces choix sont fortement influences par Fappartenance sexuelle, l’origine ethnique et divers facteurs socioeconomiques. Cela justifie les investissements publics dans les activites d’orientation professionnelle. Compte tenu de l’allongement de la duree des etudes et de la formation des jeunes et de la complexity croissante du marche du travail, les arguments en faveur de 1’orientation professionnelle se multiplient.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Fewer than ten percent of children under age three have access to formal care, and quality of care remains a concern. Chapter 3 concludes with a call for improved investments in social supports for families, rigorous evaluations of social policies, embedding gender considerations in planning and evaluation, and better assessments of how policies, laws, and institutions interact to affect women and girls. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Certain subgroups of women face particularly daunting barriers to work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
At the same time, a growing number of companies have found new business opportunities in sustainable production. But we need new ideas and new initiatives from all parties to enhance the development of even more win-win solutions. We need better insight into how sustainable production can contribute to the performance, profitability and competitiveness of business in order to get more companies on board.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Tajikistan also has 38 km of oil pipeline. One more refineiy - in Dangara district -was due to be commissioned in early 2017. Over the last 10 years, due to the construction of the 670 MW Sangtuda-1 and the 220 MW Sangtuda-2 HPPs in 2011, total capacity in Tajikistan has increased by more than 1,000 MW.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)