albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
In other words, at the global level, there has been no decoupling of material footprint growth from either population growth or GDP growth. It is imperative that we reverse that trend. In 1990, about 8.1 metric tons of natural resources were used to satisfy an individual's needs. In 2017, that rose to 12.2 metric tons, an increase of 50 per cent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
These requirements were taken from the Paragraph 6 Decision (see above). World Bank Working Paper No. See also WHO, Implementation of Paragraph 6. In this context, it should be noted that pooled drugs procurement by several developing countries is generally an important means of attracting pharmaceutical producers’ interest in a regional market, and may, under a “carrots and sticks” approach, be used by developing country governments to negotiate favourable schemes of collaboration with the holders of pharmaceutical patents (see Section 3.3.3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This survey offers a forum for scholars who have been studying Asian rhetoric to express their views about some important issues in the discipline. Covering a variety of topics from the existing state of research in Asian rhetoric to the modes of inquiries and the development of scholarship in this area, the survey reveals that researchers must challenge the fundamental assumptions about rhetoric embedded in classical Western rhetorical theories to start a conversation between East and West. By representing different voices, the survey also invites deeper discussion of related issues among researchers in the field.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The government agencies involved were national regulatory and standardisation authorities. This directly contributed to the achievement of SDG 7.2: "Increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix". Both support the use of local forms of energy and help reduce energy imports.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This chapter provides the rationale and the scope for the study. It also outlines the study's objectives and details the methodology adopted in preparing the report. It also identifies current challenges faced by OECD countries in ensuring long-lasting impacts of their gender equality agendas. Finally, the report provides key actionable policy messages to all state institutions, supported by examples of “what works” across the OECD.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
There shall be no discrimination on grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. The need for, and the application of, such measures shall always be subject to review by a judicial or other authority. Providing for such needs in order to accomplish substantial gender equality shall not be regarded as discriminatory. They constitute the fundamental principles which are valid in all systems and prisons worldwide, and apply to all prisoners without discrimination. In addition, as mentioned earlier, due to their small numbers, women are often housed in prisons far away from their homes, which hinders the maintenance of links with their families and children, with a particularly harmful effect on their mental wellbeing and social reintegration prospects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
A recent review of the data available on women's empowerment in sub-Saharan Africa found that the demographic and health surveys used in most countries lack questions on adolescent girls. Further gaps pertaining to the civic and economic participation amongst all adolescents were economic empowerment, knowledge of legal rights and recourse, participation in decision-making, and attitudes and social norms (Heckert and Fabic, 2013). Those that exert the greatest impact on their well-being, at least as understood in the worlds of science and policy, are set out inTable 3 (page 16).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The government’s objective is again gradually to charge industry for the cost of supplying water by 2050. The ultimate goal is to treat almost 100% of wastewater to a level enabling its unrestricted use in irrigation (i.e. without risk of over-nutrification to soil and water sources). In 2009, 92% of effluents complied with national standards.20 From 2010, new standards require effluent quality to comply with 36 parameters, including chloride concentrations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The teaching challenge is then to teach in a way so that most students apply a deep approach to learning using the higher cognitive level processes3. While these characteristics include for example subject matter, class size, student ability and assessment practices, they vary enormously between departments, faculties and institutions. Complex and ever-changing societal, political, economic, technological and demographic forces also affect what might be understood as effective teaching.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Initiatives to increase the contribution of the nursing workforce are being considered, but reports suggest that logistical challenges - such as the unavailability of a room for nurses to work in - is limiting the impact of this change. In particular, more attention is still needed on indicators of quality of care. There is no national system for adverse event reporting, for example, and no information on hospital-acquired infections.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Their quantitative importance for household economic well-being is summarised in Figure 3. Income taxes and social contributions paid by working-age households amount to more than 25% of earned market incomes when averaged across countries. In most countries, average cash benefits received by these households are significantly smaller than average income-tax burdens. Put differently, working-age household are net taxpayers on average.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The documents were often prepared quickly, without a thorough and robust analysis by all relevant government officials, experts and other stakeholders within the country. This rushed process often undermines the translation of objectives into specific and time-bound targets, the creation of realistic financing and implementation strategies for their achievement, and the ability to design and implement investment projects that can bring actual results on the ground. Good capacity building requires the continuous involvement of government officials in the process of developing climate-related national and financing strategies and related regulations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Indeed, reinforcing positive aspects of traditional land tenure systems that encourage and support women’s access to productive resources can produce strong results. It provides for rights within the context of marriage and is conceptually distinct from the notion of "inheritance", covered in subsection 3 below.8' Countries may apply very different default approaches to marital property, ranging from "full separation of property,"8* to "partial or limited community of property,”83 to "full community of property. This is the case in Austria, Canada, Croatia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United States.85 Where full community of property or partial community of property is the default regime.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The Gambian ICT sector employs more youth (76% of employees) and is characterized by a larger share (56% of firms) of youth-led enterprises than other sectors. The ICT sector also offers more (and more diversified) training to employees and makes greater use of online learning tools for training. These results underscore the potential of African countries to leapfrog into new or high technology sectors and provide pointers regarding the role of training and education in such a trajectory. More than 25% of firms in the three sectors reported that junior staff from technical schools are poorly or very poorly prepared for the tasks at hand.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The project directly meets several sustainable development goals (SDGs), namely SDGs 1,3,4,5,8,9,10,16 and 17, by promob'ng inclusive and sustainable ICT growth, peaceful and inclusive sociebes and lifelong learning opportunibes for all African countries, ensuring healthy lives and equitable quality educabon, building resilient infrastructure and fostering innovabon. The goal of the programme is to inform, train and educate Africans on issues related to Internet governance and WSIS acbon lines, as part of a unique platform for Africa and the African Diaspora. The platform will also be progressively establishing an observatory on ICTs and the ICT profile of each African country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This higher poverty risk, however, is not necessarily matched with comparatively higher odds ratios than in other countries. Hence, a child that is monetary poor in the UK does not necessarily have a higher chance of being deprived in other domains than a child living in Germany, France or the Netherlands. An overlaps analysis of monetary poverty and neighbourhood problems, for example, points towards high union poverty at 49 per cent (i.e. almost half of all children in the UK are either monetary poor, experience neighbourhood problems or both) but does not provide any evidence of increased odds for experiencing neighbourhood problems when monetary poor.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Prepara Ami ba Scrvisu (Preparing Us for Work), in Timor-Leste. The primary objective was to provide out-of-school men and women ages 16-30 with workforce development training in their rural communities to reduce urban migration. The job-readiness preparation programme combined formal instruction with practical on-the-job training.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Early marriage, which disproportionately affects young girls in some countries in the region, decreases the chances that girls continue studying or engage in economic activities, as they usually became responsible for home tasks and the care of children (UNICEF, 2005). The figure in this box shows that both in North and Sub-Saharan African regions married women are more likely to be NEETs than unmarried women. Young girls are much more likely than young men to be married early and therefore look for more flexible jobs that they usually find in the informal sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Respondents accordingly argued that sustained investment was necessary in order to establish sustainable career paths, achieve a critical mass of scientific expertise and maintain the necessary research and development capacity, not just in major centres but also in local institutions. Genome sequencing platforms, for instance, were mentioned as prohibitively expensive for all but a handful of central institutions - a situation that was seen to militate against decentralised information sharing and collaboration between local public health agencies and actors. Respondents therefore called for a reduction in the price of molecular diagnostic technologies, and suggested that South Africa could benefit from improved relationships and perhaps collaboration with genomic apparatus manufacturers. Here too, fixed-term grant funding was seen as compounding the problem, since the lifespan of equipment often exceeds grant-funding periods.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Example of gender mainstreaming in two OECD countries (cont.) To that end, it uses the concept of indicators established by the OECD, defined as “parameter, or a value derived from parameters, that points to, provides information about and/or describes the state of a phenomenon and has a significance extending beyond that directly associated with given parametric value”. Developing the ability to track and appraise the implementation of certain action and to evaluate results is useful for reporting purposes - on execution and interim and ex-post evaluation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Extend this assessment to future climate projections and likely technology advances in the telecommunications sector. This includes the assessment of co-dependency between the telecommunications and power sectors relative vulnerabilities. Mobile base stations ("base stations") account for approximately 60 per cent of all of KDDI's electric power consumption, and reducing power consumption in base stations is a key issue in cutting power use.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The surges in consumption in recent years, as examined in chapter IV, could easily be erased by a reversal of the business cycle, threatening access to basic consumer staples for this broad swathe of the population. The most evident of these features is that the poverty rate for children is considerably higher than for the rest of the population. Poverty rates among children aged 15 and under are between 1.1 and 2.0 times greater than for the general population, with the largest discrepancies seen in countries with lowest overall poverty rates. With a number of exceptions, in many countries poverty and age tend to be inversely correlated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Authorship is usually collective, but principal writers are named. The papers are generally available only in their original language (English or French) with a short summary available in the other. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Its purpose is to illustrate potential determinants of adolescent care. Thus, interactions between the green sphere and the inner core should be fully understood by those seeking to support adolescent-parent relationship. The lower arrow depicts changes overtime in the socio-cultural and economic environment that shape what is desirable and feasible with respect to raising adolescents. More difficult to represent, but no less important, is the variation in notions of appropriate parenting related to the child's age or life-stage as locally construed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, for it to work efficiently and in a financially sustainable manner, there needs to be a better flow of information amongst public agencies. For example, without transparency on budget rules and awards of federal funds, regional governments will be hesitant to carry out social reform, as they fear federal funding may dry up leaving them with unfunded mandates. With more information, citizens will have a better view of the benefits to which they are entitled, while both regional and federal governments need to have better information on the income actually earned by individuals and households.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The total rate was 26% of earnings and contributions were allocated among the four insurance funds as before. However, exemptions for certain industries still apply, so in agriculture and “new industries” contributions rates are considerably lower. This increased to RUB 463 000 in 2011, and will be regularly indexed to average wage growth in future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In 2016, Internet usage rates are about twice as high in developed countries as in developing countries, and more than twice as high in developing countries, as a whole, than as in least developed countries. The SDGs, which succeed the Millennium Development Goals that guided international development policy between 2000 and 2015, are summarized in Table 3.1. They are applicable to all countries and regions, and are intended to ensure that 'no one is left behind' in the course of progress towards sustainable development. This chapter outlines each of these indicators, considers the availability of relevant data, and takes stock of current levels of achievement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The objective of this publication is to recount the experience of formulating and delivering the extracurricular seminar “Knowledge Production and HIV. A comprehensive approach”, developed during the year 2019 at the Faculty of Political Science and International Relations of the National University of Rosario (Argentina). We will then carry out a reconstruction of the theoretical, epistemological and pedagogical perspectives that we collectively constructed to elaborate this project that invites us to reflect on the need to re-situate the HIV/AIDS issue in the university environment from an integral and interdisciplinary perspective of human rights and public health.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In such cases, the information deficits in production and demand reinforce each other. But for the technology to be adopted on a wide scale, local fabricators must have the information and skills to produce the equipment according to strict quality standards, and local technicians must have the expertise to maintain and repair the technology - a difficult combination in developing countries (Box 5.2). Until the mid-1990s, these firms used traditional, high energy-intensity technologies and operating practices.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Lastly, FDI patterns are uneven from one country to another, with some having very limited access to external financing or receiving quite small flows of FDI. The region's total gross external debt stood at 41% of GDP in 1990 but had fallen to 20.9% of GDP by 2012 (see figure 1.13). Meanwhile, international reserves climbed from 22.3% of total gross external debt in 2002, prior to the surge in the region's export prices, to 69.7% in 2012.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
They do not stand alone as isolated principles, but are rather informed by several broad-based international agreements and declarations.10 These principles respond to the questions: What is the direction of transformation? How does it connect to the world that we want? The key strategic components are considered as “development enabiers" that can be thought of as frameworks for action in response to the multiple challenges raised by the often chaotic forces of urbanization, and also, at the same time, as frameworks for action to harness the opportunities that the same urbanization brings.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Currently, funding for the development of women-focused BDS services is either provided by the government (generally through its own government agencies) or donors. The JNFW in Jordan suggested that the government could adopt a national policy to ensure the sustainability of BDS services. The Egyptian members of the WBF Task Force suggested that a MENA “Women Entrepreneurs' Fund” could be established.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
As already mentioned, trade measures used as domestic food price stabilisers exacerbate price shocks for countries choosing to not alter their border measures, harming even more the latter countries’ net buyers of food and helping their net sellers of food in the case of upward price spikes, and conversely during low-price periods. First, they are like explicit trade taxes,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
It gives an analysis of recent efforts to upgrade the quality of teachers and discusses the barriers to change that the country faces, particularly in rural areas, to provide children in Kazakhstan with good quality teaching. Further, the chapter offers a description of the pre- and in-service training of teachers and efforts made to attract higher level applicants to system with comparisons to successful programmes in other countries. It also looks at the conditions of work of school principals, discusses their importance for educational change in Kazakhstan, and looks at the role of teachers in policy formulation. The chapter concludes with recommendations on improving policies for teachers and school leadership.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It is generally known, however, that forests provide many additional market and non-market benefits. All the valuation work presented in the present report is based on analysing existing information (as was the case in chapter 3). Much more compelling, however, was the research teams' realization that the Tanzanian Government, through its Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, had commissioned a study in 2002 entitled "Resource economic analysis of catchment forest reserves in Tanzania", whose primary objective was to "generate useful information (facts, data and trends) about the total economic value and the role of catchment forests in the national economy".
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Accountability of government officials' actions is strongly related to the exercise of government authority. In carrying out duties to realize the general welfare, the authority used by organs or government officials is based on the provisions of the laws and regulations (the principle of legality). However, it is not uncommon for the task to be carried out based on discretionary authority. The freedom of government officials to make decisions based on discretionary authority has a great potential to be abused which results in consequences from both point of view of administrative law as well as of criminal law. In the practice, there is discrepancy among law enforcers on the understanding of the principles related to the accountability of discretionary authority held by government officials.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Education is about developing adaptive expertise - the ability to apply learned knowledge and skills flexibly and creatively in different situations. Effective education lays the cognitive and behavioural foundations and motivations for further learning throughout life as actively inquiring rather than passively accepting citizens. Nevertheless, a well-educated population and workforce strengthens the resilience of a nation in adverse conditions and its readiness to advance in more prosperous conditions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Whatever the impacts on water systems, the task of achieving water quality objectives in agriculture will become more difficult in the coming years as a result of climate change (OECD, 2012b). These people will have very little room of manoeuvre to adjust to uncertain water availability. The country groupings BRIICS and RoW are explained in OECD (2012a), Table 1.3. The increase in demand will come mainly from manufacturing, electricity and domestic, leaving little scope for increasing water for irrigation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)