albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
An enabling policy environment is important for the development of a strong and competitive renewable energy sector to supply both industrial and domestic consumers. Section 3 identifies key enabling policy factors required for the replicability and accelerated uptake of the available renewable energy solutions throughout the mining sector. Major companies and conglomerates, among others, such as Glencore, Barrick Gold, Rio Tinto, Antofagasta, Codelco and IAMGOLD have all made use of renewable energy in their mines (Table 2.1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Inefficient targeting can increase inequality when higher producer prices or subsidised cereals are not received by the intended beneficiaries. Buffer stock programmes that pair producer price support objectives with the objective of providing lower prices to consumers often achieve only one goal at the expense of the other. Schemes that raise prices for producers frequently lead to higher consumer prices, which is in conflict with the food security objective of the scheme. When large amounts of grains are acquired to build or replenish public stocks, world supplies can be decreased and hence world market prices potentially increased.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Chemical recycling methods are under development for some mixes e.g. poly-cotton but concentration of chemicals that need to be used forthe processes are highly dependent on the precise fibre mix and are also sensitive to presence of other materials (even dyes). The "100% recyclable" stamp would be an added measure to put focus on mono-material products. This requires that the textile label includes the fibre composition in % shares (but not for shares under 10% or for non-fibre components like buttons and zips).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
These actions can be considered to be transformative, as they bring about gender change by renegotiating spaces in the unstable political context. Focusing on political non-conflict-related issues is also a strategic choice for these organizations to break down ethnic identity barriers and promote bi-communal reconciliation initiatives. Their human rights articulations are strongly inclusive. These CoSOs generally have either a non-securitizing/ holding impact or a desecuritizing/peacebuilding impact.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, high-growth fields such as science, technology and engineering remain male dominated. Gender wage gaps persist and women are underrepresented in corporate leadership. Affordable childcare and family-friendly policies that include paid paternal leave are needed to address women's time constraints.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These containers are collected daily, including weekends and holidays, and the town centre is served twice a day. The waste collection scheme for municipal waste from Chisinau is designed so that waste is taken to a transfer station in Chekani, which lies on the outskirts of Chisinau, and from there it is transported 20 km to the landfill at Tintareni. Research done in the Development Region South has found that the collection equipment is sufficient to provide collection services and municipalities are actively searching for investments in the modernization of waste management infrastructure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
These could include work under the separate but mutually-supportive agendas such as measuring progress on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030). The answers should be considered bearing in mind different purposes and audiences of such information (Pierre-Nathoniel and Chan, 2016). Transparency provisions under the Paris Agreement are to build on the current system for measurement, reporting and review.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Indeed, Orange is very much involved in the work of ITU-T Study Group 5, which develops standards in collaboration with EE ETSI, making it possible to massively and safely deploy renewable energies while reducing energy consumption and simplifying matters by using direct current and eliminating alternating current. These solutions, devised within the context of the developing countries, could be studied and adapted for other environments where power supply is a critical factor. Differences in geography, exposure and vulnerability yield different adaptation strategies. Given that the global population is forecast to exceed 9 billion by 2040 and that the effects of climate change are already being felt in all areas of food security, the viability and productivity of food systems must be enhanced.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Moreover, considering the importance of the public transport system for the low-income segment in Chile, price comparisons should consider that minimum salaries are considerably higher in France and in Spain than in Chile. Prices do not include the use of the metro in suburbs or outside the main city areas of Madrid or Paris. Developing and enforcing a comprehensive urban planning system that promotes policy coherence and synergies between transport and related development policies is essential.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
First and foremost, work of a permanent nature could not be conducted under a fixed-term contract, and the maximum duration was five years. Second, consecutive fixed-term contracts for a given employee were ruled-out. The strictness of the 2002 law governing temporary contracts is reflected in their very low share of about 2% of all employment contracts in Lithuania, lower than in any OECD country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The table does not intend to assess the intensity of the impact on inequality of the different policy recommendations, but to illustrate the direction - either reducing or raising inequality - of growth enhancing structural reforms. Several recommendations have an undetermined impact on inequality. This is due to the fact that a specific policy may produce opposing effects on income inequality, so that the final prevailing effect is unknown (e.g. lowering barriers to competition in network industries, shifting the tax burden from direct to indirect taxes) or because the effect on inequality of a particular policy has not been investigated (e.g. increasing infrastructure spending).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Concerns may also arise related to differences in the level of assistance provided by UB and SA, and the extent to which households need to “fall into poverty” before becoming eligible for social assistance. The generosity of SA is assessed separately for single persons with and without children. From the figure, it is clear that benefits are often quite low compared with commonly-used definitions of relative poverty, especially when housing-related benefits are not included. Typically, the level of social assistance is lower for single individuals than for single parents.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
It is obtained from regressions of log wage on age, highest level of education, years of experience in the firm and their square, employees in the firm, geographical location of the firm, type of financial control, level of wage bargaining, type of employment contract, number of overtime hours paid, occupation, and gender and their interactions with gender. See the text for the technical details. The figure depicts the simple average of OECD countries which belong to the European Economic Area and for which data are available.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
For policy analysis purposes, it is therefore informative to distinguish between changes in redistribution that can be directly attributed to tax-benefit policy reforms (referred to as “direct policy changes” in what follows), and those that have occurred as a result of the evolution of market incomes or population structures (referred to as “income and population changes”). In fact, market-income inequality grew by twice as much as redistribution. Benefit recipients in the lowest income groups, however, slipped further down the income distribution as their benefits failed to keep pace with earnings growth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Ensuring women’s freedom to participate in politics, both as voters and as representatives, has been central to international, regional and national efforts aimed at more inclusive and democratic governance. These freedoms and rights are not limited to politics but extend to participation and leadership in public life, the private sector and civil society in general. It recognizes that women’s empowerment and full participation on an equal basis with men in all spheres of life, including participation in the decision-making process and access to power, are fundamental to the achievement of equality, development and peace. In addition to setting out government commitments, the Platform for Action urges a range of actors to take measures in support of women’s participation in all levels of power and decisionmaking.3 These include political parties, the private sector, trade unions, national, regional and sub-regional bodies, employers’ organizations, research and academic institutions and non-governmental organizations.4 This chapter provides an assessment of the current situation as well as recent trends in the participation of women and men in positions of power and decision-making across the world.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Treatment resistance in schizophrenia creates a persistent public health problem and leads to repeated hospitalization. In search for a treatment for such patients, psychiatrists have co-prescribed multiple psychotropic medications simultaneously. Such practice is based mostly on clinical experience, rather than research derived evidence. Such combinations may not be fully “effective” if the cost, adverse effect profile and the potential for noncompliance by patients secondary to regimen complexity are considered. Is it really wise to try these various combinations of costly medicines in the mental health system, which is already struggling with its limited resources and funding worldwide? However, if mental health policy makers restrict reimbursement for such “unproven” combinations, patients might not receive the benefits of some of these combinations, which are showing some promise for the treatment of resistant schizophrenia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Cash crop cultivation, establishment of industrial tree plantations and shifting agriculture are among the key drivers of forest change. All of these activities have had an impact on forests, including primary forests. For Thailand, after 2005 the forest area remained constant, but there was still an increase in agricultural area. This is an interesting phenomenon and quite in contrast with other GMS countries. An explanation for this is that Viet Nam has promoted massive afforestation and reforestation programmes in the last few decades.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
From the standpoint of global informatization, in addition to yielding positive social and economic benefits, the project will powerfully drive industry development in terms of reliability, safety and quality of service. The project can provide differentiated business models, improve social perception of information services, and attain the strategic goals of replication and sustainability by using modular technology. In order to support the development of the national economy and satisfy market demand, China Telecom has planned to implement the 4G mobile communication construction project. From 2014 to 2016, China Telecom helped build more than 400 000 base stations and 160 000 sets of indoor distribution systems to serve subscribers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The Executive Committee could assess how the Regional Development Programme is contributing to the “Kazakhstan 2050’’ strategic directions. The participation of the Presidents Administration Office would help to communicate high-level political support. It could meet three to four times a year and be chaired by MNE.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
To meet these objectives reform momentum needs to be maintained and broadened. This is especially so given the pace of development in the Indian economy, the changing needs of households and businesses, and the considerable lags between changes in education policies and outcomes. The current state of education quality is also examined.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In addition, development co-operation providers’ efforts to improve the environmental performance of businesses increasingly involve working through intermediaries such banks, business and professional associations, and companies with extensive supply chains. While this approach may be a necessary and effective way of reaching out to companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, it leads to significant difficulties in monitoring and verifying environmental impacts and outcomes. The lack of consistent monitoring is compounded by issues related to attribution of impact and to the establishment of baselines for the analysis. Efforts to mobilise private investment and work through the private sector should be aligned with local contexts and priorities e.g. through NDCs and national adaptation plans (NAPs).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
If looking at the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), onshore wind has the highest abatement potential: 12% of net GHG emissions in 2030 in Estonia, 14% in Latvia and 16% in Lithuania. In relative terms, these percentages are the highest abatement potential in the studied countries. Hence, the big amounts in absolute terms do not necessarily mean high potential in relative terms and vice versa. As can be seen, the highest abatement potential is derived from the buildings and household sector: together these would amount to about 67 Mt C02eq.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
A look at the percentages for completion of secondary education in six countries (Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua) between 1990 and 2009 shows that socioeconomic inequality in terms of secondary-school completion increased in five countries (Brazil, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua). The only decrease was in Chile, which by 1990 was already in a better position than the others and where the potential for increasing the completion rate in the highest income quintile was lower (ECLAC/UNICEF, 2013). Both cycles are usually included in the term secondary education or high school.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Data refer to the working-age population (18-65). See Annex 2.A1 for details on the data sources. Several country patterns emerge, suggesting different challenges to address for policies. Norway, Germany, Austria, the United States and Ireland combine high sticky ceilings at the top of the income distribution with average levels of mobility at the bottom compared to other countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
There are benefits, too, for health professionals and policy makers, as shown in the figure below. Another stated priority is the efficient exchange of information and co-operation between all purchasers and practitioners. The information is then intended to follow the citizen through the health and social care sectors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
However, an Internet-device is a prerequisite to using the service. The price of smartphones has been dropping, especially Android models.1 Nevertheless, the price of a device can be a barrier in some LDCs particularly when onerous import duties and other taxes are added. According to GSMA, handset taxes as a proportion of the handset price averaged 23% around the world about the same average in the LDCs (GSMA, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
What can be done to hold accountable nonstate actors such as drug and warlords, and the transnational private sector? These questions are not answered here but are important to investigate if SDGs are indeed to be achieved. They lag to various degrees in the areas of gender, race, and class equality and environmental sustainability.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
For example, the number of species in an area may remain stable while the actual composition of species changes dramatically. Species contribute differently to the overall functioning of ecosystems and changing species assemblages may also eventually affect ecosystem service provisioning. This understanding could be sought through a different analysis of biodiversity, one based on the presence and distribution of different functional (life history} traits rather than just genetic or species diversity. This can present a more direct functional link between biodiversity, ecological functions, and the resilience of both.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
These figures highlight the problem of low productivity that always characterises the small business sector. Mi Tortilla, which is the programme that the study visit has more specifically met, also supports producers through a quality logo that helps them compete with large companies and through a grant in change for old polluting equipment so that this is not sold in the second-hand market. Together with an economic objective of improved productivity, the MI series has also a social aim in seeking to formalise through participation in the programme the large swaths of informality that connotes the microenterprise sector in Mexico.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This school leader did not experience the AfL policy as being implemented top-down, instead s/he was able to influence the process through a bottom-up approach. Schools 2 and 6, for example, had undergone a process of trial and error in terms of implementing the Better Assessment Practice programme. In School 6 teachers reported that they had worked very instrumentally to get the process going, and then after a while they were able to identify what kind of professional competences they had to develop. The problem, back in 2007 and 2008, was that they did not know where to find knowledge about assessment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
There are direct user charges (flat-rate payments) for primary and specialist care, which are set by the regions, leading to variation across the countiy. In 2014, the fees for consulting a primary care physician varied between SEK100-300 (EUR 11-33), for an outpatient hospital specialist between SEK 200-350 (EUR 22-37), and per day of hospitalisation for an adult between SEK 80-100 (EUR 9-11). Dentistry has separate and less generous coverage and no cap in cost-sharing Private supplementary insurance is held by 6% of the population, mostly in the form of coverage from employers to provide quicker access to specialists and elective treatment (see Section 5.2).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
However, solely changing the reporting guidelines for specific issues may have only a limited impact on the transparency, comparability, completeness and timeliness of information reported. This is because improvements may be needed in measuring specific information (e.g. climate support) in order to improve the reporting of such information. In addition, several countries will need to establish or strengthen their domestic monitoring, evaluation and reporting systems in order to improve reporting under the UNFCCC.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
To measure progress towards achievement of the SDGs, the United Nations Statistical Commission adopted a global framework of indicators. Several SDGs refer to ICTs and technology, and several ICT indicators were identified to help track SDGs 4, 5, 9 and 17. One of its targets is to ensure provision of appropriate and inclusive educational facilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Though we stop far short of developing a formal mathematical model, we draw heavily from our prior work that does (Braunstein et al. We will try to avoid wading into the depths and distractions usually required to get formal models going and distil the main points into a stylized taxonomy of social reproduction and growth. But there may be some moments - particularly in the initial setup - when details seem to obscure more than they reveal.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In addition, a quick literature review on water governance in the LAC region further reveals why most LAC countries lag behind in sustainable water management: lack of political leadership, inadequate legal frameworks, poor utilities management structures, insufficient stakeholder involvement, shortage of financial resources to meet responsibilities, and inadequate provision for resolving conflicts between water supply and sanitation needs and interests. Lack of social cohesion is also a challenge, and action is necessary to overcome social inequalities. Water is both a local and global issue, both a human right and an economic good. It both affects and is affected by property rights. Water requires large sunk investment costs to build, operate and maintain infrastructure, is a key driver of sustainable development, and generates multiple externalities in other policy areas (agriculture, health, education, economy and finance, gender, poverty alleviation, etc.).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
These conditional urban developments do not include land-use zones but must provide their own infrastructure and basic services (SERPLAC Santiago, n.d.). The primary exception to restrictions on building outside of the urban boundary is found in Article 55 of the General Law of Urban Development and Construction (Ley General de Urbanismo y Construction), which allows certain land uses outside urban boundaries, including social housing, services, infrastructure and industrial uses. For example, the current system of zoning has been seen as an obstacle for new development, and zones tend to become obsolete more quickly than PRs are renewed (Peterman, 2008). Others have indicated that the zoning system limits opportunities to redevelop under-utilised areas within urban boundaries for new types of uses, such as multi-family housing (Trivelli, 2011). The pressure to develop beyond the urban boundary has contributed to the rise of conditional urban developments in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which may undermine city-wide urban development strategies (Trivelli, 2011).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Formal childcare is also shown to be positively associated with the child’s cognitive development, in particular for children in disadvantaged households (Huerta et al., A greater use of flexible work and leave arrangements by both genders would make parental leave periods less penalising. A convergence in hours worked between women and men and more ambitious career trajectories for women would further reduce the gap in take-home pay.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These two projects were effective in initiating discussions about integrating biodiversity plans into developmental planning. The interactions in these early projects helped to build relationships, including cross-scale relationships at both municipal and provincial level that would sustain later, more substantial involvement. However, several lessons were learnt through these interactions, most importantly that the highly scientific plans developed by the academic community where often not easily integrated into municipal planning processes without considerable adaptation and ‘translation’ into the language used by municipal planners. This meant that once outside support from the biodiversity sector ceased, often at the end of the projects, the spatial planners reverted to the status quo without taking full advantage of the biodiversity plans that were available. Essentially a biodiversity mainstreaming project, the outcomes of the BCSD project included requirements to embed biodiversity objectives into land-use management in the Western Cape. It was apparent during project design that this would require biodiversity plans at a corresponding spatial scale to that of land-use planning and environmental assessment and decision-making, in other words at the site-scale.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)