albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
These discussions have been going on for years between the two parties (World Bank JERP, 2015). Core companies are not necessarily the best managers of these municipal utility networks and may not invest adequately in repair and maintenance, given low' utility rates and the anticipated asset transfer to local administrations. The central government could consider designing a specific framework to speed up such asset transfers in monotowns where core companies still own municipal utility networks. The central government could co-finance municipal network repair along with the core company, on condition that municipal utility networks are transferred to the local administration. It w-as ranked among the top 10 economies, of 190 economies surveyed, that showed the most improvement in the 2017 Doing Business report (World Bank, 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The forecasts are then used by LLE staff to seek a match between labour supply and demand and assess the need for labour market vocational training. Reliance on employers’ survey implies some weaknesses, as employers tend to be rather short-sighted and to overestimate their skill needs (Gruzevskis and Blaziene, 20 15|48j). The forecasts are nevertheless widely used by representatives of education policy, vocational education and training institutions, and individuals seeking to obtain certain skills, and are presented during the sittings of the Tripartite Council, as well as at ministerial events.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
There are incentives for participants to perform this computational task. The winner seals the block through a process called hashing, which is the cryptographic term for calculating the fingerprint of a set of data. This fingerprint (“hash”) is included in the following block, linking the blocks together and maintaining a sequence forming a chain. Any data in digital format such as transactions, user identity or code can be processed in blocks on the blockchain.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Diversity is widely celebrated in American society. But from a social psychological point of view, diversity ought to cause a number of problems, such as divisiveness and conflict. A resolution of this paradox is proposed: There are several kinds of diversity, with different profiles of costs and benefits. In particular, moral diversity is identified as being problematic and even self-contradictory. Three studies of attitudes and desires for interaction among college students confirmed that moral diversity reduces desires for interaction more than does demographic diversity, and that both kinds of diversity are valued more in a classroom than in other social settings. These findings have important implications for discussions of diversity, multiculturalism, affirmative action, identity politics, and immigration policy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
If information in adaptation communications is recorded in a manner similar to the “data interface” for Annex I biennial reports, this would facilitate recognising individual aspects of countries’ communications. This is because the global stocktake is to be undertaken by the COP, which does not have the authority, mandate or funding to undertake specific adaptation actions. Nevertheless, the global stocktake could indirectly enhance adaptation if it can distil information included in countries’ adaptation communications (or other information submitted, including that to the UNFCCC) in order to fill knowledge gaps and disseminate lessons learned. Part of the third component of the global stocktake (reviewing the adequacy of adaptation support - discussed below) could potentially also lead to enhanced adaptation action, if it led to increases in funding for adaptation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. The Climate Change Expert Group oversees development of analytical papers for the purpose of providing useful and timely input to the climate change negotiations. These papers may also be useful to national policymakers and other decision-makers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Members had also commenced reporting on a new indicator of "total onsite energy intensity". The report highlighted the sector's contributions to the green economy through resource efficiency, carbon sequestration and biobased products and recognized the need for a policy framework that reduces regulatory risks for investments and innovation. The EED requires member states to establish long-term strategies for mobilizing investment in the renewal of national building stocks. The pace of introduction of these measures varies widely across the EU, but overall the market for energy-efficient buildings is growing rapidly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The parliament did, however, request measurable objectives to be developed for each of the ten policy areas. Accessibility has a high priority in all planning, information and the management of the countryside and outdoor recreation. There are established structures for dialogue and the coordination of outdoor recreation locally, regionally and nationally. Allemansratten forms the basis of outdoor recreation-.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Historically, the states have delegated much authority in these matters to cities and counties. State guidance is implemented by cities and counties through their comprehensive plans and zoning regulations, and, together with a plethora of special service districts, they provide municipal services to the region. Oregon provides firmer substantive and procedural direction than Washington, as reflected in the respective state planning laws.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This section will examine each of these reform drivers in turn. Concerns about scarcity can be fuelled by increasing demand or shifts in water availability, or due to degraded quality, or climatic shifts. In particular, droughts can provide a salient, visible event to trigger action (see Box 4.1). Efforts to secure adequate water for ecosystems can be driven by new legislation, such as the EU Water Framework Directive, or visible environmental deterioration, such as rivers running dry. In some cases, reforms have sought to address issues that have arisen from previous allocation reforms. The cases of Alberta, Canada, Australia, Chile, Israel, England and Wales, and South Africa provide insight on this theme.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Forest now covers 29% of the land area, a proportion roughly on a par with the OECD average (OECD, 2013) and on track to meet the 2020 forest cover target of 30% in the NFP (Table 4.2). By the end of 2012, the forest area amounted to 9.2 million ha, a 3% increase since 2000 (Table 4.1). In Central and Eastern Europe, only Russia and Ukraine exceed this, and Poland has the 14th largest forest area in the OECD.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Two-wheel vehicle ownership is the most responsive to income growth in economies at around USD 1 000 to 3 000 per capita income (2007 prices), is the highest at per capita income levels of USD 10 000 to 20 000 and declines at higher income levels (OECD/ITF, 2012). Ownership of motorbikes and scooters is not as strongly associated with wealth as car ownership (Figure 2.7). Even in the Philippines - the country with the greatest gap in motorbike and scooter ownership between the top and bottom household wealth quintiles - only 34.6% of households with these vehicles were among the wealthiest and 7.2% were among the least wealthy. Rural and urban households also show more similar patterns in motorbike and scooter ownership than car ownership by wealth. Wealth indices are calculated using information on household ownership of selected assets, housing construction materials, and access to water and sanitation facilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The initial focus was on improving understanding of extreme events, but it has expanded to include research into climate impacts and adaptation responses. Further funding for climate research has been provided through the Austrian Climate Research Programme. In addition to this domestic research agenda, Austria has been an active participant in EU-funded research, such as the CIRCLE I and II projects co-ordinating transnational research funding on climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
For example, in Uganda female farm owners reported higher manure use than males while the reverse was true in Nigeria and Ethiopia (Peterman et al. There are numerous examples of farmers having converted from chemical-intensive farming to agroecology, with resulting improvement in food security and sovereignty for both genders (FAO and PAN 2015, Watts and Williamson 2015, De Schutter 2014). This could partly result from increased household income, but more importantly it derives from increased crop diversity, which provides a wider range of food over a longer part of the year.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The topics have included “Re-positioning Switzerland in summer tourism", “Structural change as the key to success in Swiss Tourism" and “Tourism product development: basis for successful marketing". Presentations from renowned national and international experts are combined with smaller group discussions. The integration of international know-how is essential for the success of the TFS.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In Iceland women account for about 7% of commercial boat-based fishers (Figure 2.5.1), unusually assuming all roles from skipper to deckhand (Willson 2014). Those in the commercial fishing sector serve on vessels of all sizes. It threatens the health of fish populations and marine and coastal ecosystems worldwide, as well as the livelihoods and food security of millions of inhabitants of coastal areas (Hall 2016, Pew Charitable Trusts 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
This research aims to examine the empirical model of social computing. Research model is developed upon the social influence factors, technology acceptance model, psycho-social wellbeing, and culture value. Research design employed online survey questionnaire. Data of 433 samples were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) technique. Results suggest that proposed model has met criteria of goodness-of-fit model and indicated that Identification and Compliant are the motivation factors of desire to involve in social network sites (SNS) and involvement in SNS predicts depression and loneliness. This research also finds that motivation of individual to involve in SNS and its impact are different among collectivist and individualist. Implications for stakeholders and further research are discussed.  Keywords: social computing, social influence factors, psychosocial wellbeing, social network sites, individual culture values, and PLS.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In 2010, taking into account the hours worked by teachers, student-teacher ratios were 22.1, 18.6, 14.4 and 21.7 in the municipal, private subsidised, private non-subsidised, and delegated administration sectors respectively. Interestingly, while in the municipal sector the student-teacher ratio increased from 16.8 in 2004, it decreased significantly in the private subsidised sector from 30.0 in the same year (Ministry of Education, forthcoming). The latter is a teacher education institution mostly dedicated to training primary school teachers that ceased to exist in 1974.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Further steps need to be taken to halt excessive groundwater abstractions, including through improved monitoring and the introduction of charges on abstractions from overexploited aquifers. Its climate and the physical characteristics of its environment, such as the prominence of mountain ranges close to the coasts or soil characteristics, make natural water endowments highly unequally distributed across space and time. These characteristics have determined water policies, which used to aim at increasing supply by constructing large dams with government support. With over 1 300 dams, Spain is estimated to be the country with the 4th largest number of dams in the world (after the United States, India and China, Martinez-Cortina, 2010). Over the past century this policy increased water abstractions per inhabitant to a higher level, on average, relative to renewable resources, than in most other OECD countries (Figure 4.1), relatively low population density notwithstanding.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
See Boxes 11.2.1,11.2.2 and 11.2.3 in Chapter 2 for a description of how PISA defines socio-economically disadvantaged and advantaged schools, public and private schools, and urban and rural schools. The index of equity in resource allocation (material) is the percentage of the variation on the index of shortage of educational material explained by the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status of the school multiplied by a negative or positive sign, depending on the sign of the relationship. A value of zero indicates that there is no difference between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged schools in how concerned principals are about the educational material at school, and positive values (higher equity) indicate that principals of socio-economically advantaged schools are more concerned than principals of disadvantaged schools.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This person will liaise with relevant officials, statisticians and researchers in order to identify as detailed information as possible. This person is expected to liaise with CERI after the collection of this questionnaire should CERI (or the researcher that CERI appoints) wish to follow-up on particular evidence or reference presented in this questionnaire. The main focus will be on statements and schemes at the national and regional level, but countries (corresponding) are welcome to also include those at the local and/or community level if considered appropriate. They would include white papers, frameworks and statements of intent at the national and state level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Making data available to relevant stakeholders creates opportunities for coordination and holistic planning processes but to truly understand and leverage the data, modelling methodologies and tools can be used. Computational modelling is the use of computers to simulate and study the behaviour of complex systems using mathematics, physics and computer science65. Data on national infrastructure can be leveraged to build computational models for a deeper understanding of the properties of the system as a whole and the effects of factors such as demand and supply, demographic changes, and climate change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Human rights – Freedom of religion and belief – Interference with – Violent disruption of Muslim prayers outside Sofia Mosque by protestors from right-wing Bulgarian political party known for anti-Islamic views – Failure of Bulgarian authorities to take adequate steps to prevent or investigate disruption – Complaint by a worshipper at the mosque – Whether violation of right not to be subject to inhuman or degrading treatment, freedom of religion and private and family life either alone or in conjunction with right not to be discriminated against – European Convention on Human Rights, art 9.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
World Bank Social Protection Discussion Paper Series no. Washington, DC, World Bank. Commentaiy on ‘Taxation of Wealth and Wealth Transfers’ by Boadway R, Chamberlain E and Emmerson C. In: Institute for Fiscal Studies, eds. Dimensions of Tax Design: The Mirrlees Review. Oxford, Oxford University Press: 825-831. How progressive is the U.S. federal tax system?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Around 7.5 million Mexico City residents live below' the poverty line. A high percentage of young women have no check-up during their pregnancy. Elderly people and disabled people cannot access health services because they are unable to go to the hospital or health centre. As part of this programme, the city sends physicians directly to the home of residents so that they can conduct check-ups and deliver prescriptions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Should Latin American governments concentrate their efforts in improving efficiency, transparency and accountability or should they also aim to increase the participation of citizens in decision-making? Is there a risk of reinforcing inequality through the promotion of ICT's for democracy in countries with a considerable digital divide? Is there a risk of reinforcing populism, clientelism and concentration of power leaving the promotion of ICT's in hands of strong presidents of the sort that prevail in many Latin American countries today? Based on previous research on Latin America focused on (i) goals and conditions to promote e-democracy, (ii) e-government developments, and (iii) e-democracy initiatives promoted by governments and civil society organizations, the paper explores e-democracy developments and trends and suggests a landscape for further research.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The present article is about how the integration of people and social groups into society, especially vulnerable populations, has always been central objective of social services in Quebec. Since the mid-seventies, insertion, alongside its mission of adaptation and social control, has captured much more attention of social work due to important social changes (Goyette, 2004). Hence, populations that were not used to resort to social services programs—women and people in general, especially young people—occupy since then the interest of social services and public policies. Faced with this, social services focuses its attention on the subject of youth insertion, as the increase of figures of exclusion reinforces the necessity of favoring values of solidarity, social justice, respect and autonomy, principal preoccupations of this discipline, in its ethics as well as its practice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
An increase in labour demand due to industrialisation and the shift from informal or low productivity jobs in the agricultural sector towards better pay jobs in the manufacturing sector offer new opportunities particularly for women. Overall, the income inequality between men and women is expected to decrease through industrialisation. The following section takes a closer look at the employment generation opportunities initiated by the process of structural transformation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Removing limitations on foreign land ownership would also facilitate FDI. It gauges the restrictiveness of a country’s FDI rules by looking at the four main types of restrictions on FDI: 1) foreign equity limitations, 2) discriminatory screening or approval mechanisms, 3) restrictions on the employment of foreigners as key personnel, and 4) other operational restrictions, e.g. on branching and on capital repatriation or on land ownership by foreign-owned enterprises. The administrative burden discourages firm registration.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
It can provide a better understanding of the biological and economic risks associated with variations in stock productivity and distribution. It can analyse the economic and ecological linkages within fisheries that affect the degree of impacts and adaptation (FAO, 2006). It can also result in improved information systems to integrate knowledge from different coastal sector and plan for strategic response (Daw et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
If that analysis is taken on trust then users can move quickly to considering implications and actions. Any move to a more inclusive and holistic approach may jeopardise the quality of the evidence due to lack of expertise on a variety of fronts. In particular, a stronger focus on the quality of learning and teaching in classrooms requires an evaluator to have more than personal competence as a teacher or school manager.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Yet most digital development strategies fail to adequately address investment needs, and those that do often focus exclusively on investment in infrastructure (broadband coverage), with very few touching on the potential role of foreign investment or IPAs. A comprehensive digital development strategy should cover investment in infrastructure, in digital firms and in the digitalization of firms across all industries. Individual internet adoption levels vary significantly across regions, with the share of people using the internet in developing economies at less than half that of developed economies, and the share in Africa at half the average of developing economies (figure IV.16). The adoption of broadband and usage of key tools such as email and websites among firms are also lagging in developing countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The city government is also planning on enhancing road safety infrastructure equipment, particularly in the areas with the highest frequency of traffic accidents and protected areas. Planned measures include increasing the use of light-reflecting traffic signs for better visibility at night, increasing the size of road traffic signs, demolishing pedestrian overpasses (currently there are 14 remaining in the city), removing road side trees or installations at the comer of crossroads that hamper the vision of drivers and pedestrians, etc. The city government has announced the creation of a task force in collaboration with road safety experts, the police, the KoTSA, citizen associations, etc. The Master Plan is currently running in its seventh edition (2012-16) and is put into operation as an Action Plan every year.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
From an initial sample focus of 64 woredas3 (12% of the total) the lessons will be gradually scaled up to the whole country. And each government sector will ensure the mainstreaming of climate change via Sectoral Climate Programmes and Action Plans. Although not engaged in developing the CRGE strategy, several are already playing a significant role in shaping and supporting its implementation plan. Some are focusing on green economy outcomes in thematic areas, notably energy and forestry. Others focus on building or enhancing enabling factors, such as law enforcement, capacity development and awareness-raising for ministry staff, incentivising private sector engagement, and creating credit lines for innovation and technology development. ‘ Green’ concerns are also being mainstreamed into aid programmes in the economic and social sectors, such as using social protection instruments for climate adaptation (Box 1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
To the extent that population categories - people with disabilities, elderly, orphaned children - are closely identified with acute levels of poverty and disability, ethical perspectives which justify that assistance should be directed to those that are worse off in society are dominant. Alternatively, a stronger basis for assisting these groups might be found in ethical perspectives on recognition (Fraser, 1995).This view highlights the perception that vulnerable groups are denied their value and contribution to society through unjust economic and political institutions. However, recognition policies are distinct in nature and scope from anti-poverty policies. These programmes assume that in the absence of a sufficient level of productive assets, raising consumption will not address poverty sustainably.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)