albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The outcome of the indicator based (quantitative) comparisons was very similar to the qualitative comparison in the current Nordic IPBES-like study, asthe Barents Sea and Lofoten area had the highest score and the Gulf of Finland and the Kattegat, the lowest. In each of the areas, the most important ecosystem components that had the largest overall contribution to the integrated assessment were different. In the Barents Sea those were Harp seal and Kittiwake, in the Gulf of Finland benthic fauna and three species offish (salmon, smoltand herring), at the Lithuanian coast the extent of benthic habitats affected by human impacts, and in Kattegat the winter abundance of three bird species (Fulmar, Kittiwake, and Guillemot).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Significant advances in science should be given to addressing the needs of society and the historical context of the territories. Although technological developments that began with modernity and the industrial revolution allowed human beings to control the resources of nature to put to your service without limits, it is clear that the crisis of the prevailing development models manifest themselves in many ways but with three common denominators: environmental degradation, social injustice and extreme poverty. Consequently, today should not be possible to think a breakthrough in the development of science without addressing global environmental problems and the deep social injustices that increase at all scales under the gaze, impassively in many occasions, of formal science. Article history:
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The Humanitarian movement increasingly assumes relevance in the current debates on human rights, international relations and globalization in the face of the growing wave of global immigration and reception of the countries of exile. This paper seeks to contribute to the reflection by presenting data from an ethnography held at a medical center of the French Non-Governmental Organization, Medecins du Monde, in Paris. The French representations on immigration and social exclusion influenced the interactions between volunteers and clandestine immigrant users of the center. The discussion concerns acceptance, expectations and judgments in the interactions, calling into question the ideal of benevolence advocated by the organization as a humanitarian assistance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In: Antarctica: Legal and Environmental Challenges for the Future (Eds. Troggs, G. & Riddell, A). ( London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 2007):85-107. Managing Fisheries to Conserve the Antarctic Marine Ecosystem: Practical Implementation of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR).” Management of Southern Ocean Fisheries: Global Forces and Future Sustainability.”
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Some of the poverty reduction strategies have also elaborated on specific ecosystem-related programmes, such as the Bolsa Verde green grant scheme introduced as part of the “Brazil without Poverty” (Brasil Sem Miseria) strategy (MDS, 2014) (Box 2.2.). According to a government white paper, for example, the Development-oriented Poverty Reduction Program for Rural China, launched in the mid-1980s, made significant achievements in forest, wetland and biodiversity conservation (State Council of PRC, 2011). The information to verify these results through targets and specific indicators, however, does not seem to be readily available. The programme provides quarterly payments to families, including traditional peoples and indigenous communities, in extreme poverty living in federal protected and other rural priority areas in return for certain conservation and sustainable use activities. Although the grant scheme is considered a potentially effective payment for ecosystem services (PES) tool with more than 60 000 families enrolled as of June 2014, administrative complexities remain.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
When a larger quantity of variable renewables is connected to the grids, it could put the stability of the power system in risk. Active power control systems, reactive power compensation devices and LVRT capabilities are among the requirements suggested. The draft standards are seen by the industry as stringent, and would require developers and turbine suppliers to upgrade their equipment (BNEF, 2010b). Industry insiders predict that the new standards could favour a few large wind power manufacturers and drive out smaller competitors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
High trade costs related to transportation, border procedures compliance, or lack of competition may be less in the case of agro-food products which are part of simpler supply chains than manufactures, but they will likely have a greater proportional impact on the price of most agricultural products, especially unprocessed ones, because of their low value-to-weight ratio. Agricultural products, which are often perishable, suffer particularly from delays, which may be one of the most significant contributing factors to post-harvest losses16, in addition to inefficient harvesting, packaging and storage. Likewise, Balat et al.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The “top runners”, i.e. firms with the most energy-efficient products at the start of a target cycle, do not need to invest further (OECD, 2009b). Moreover, since compliance is assessed by comparing performance in the base and target years, target setting does not take account of potential technological improvements that would occur in the absence of the programme, or of developments already available but commercially untapped (Nordqvist, 2006). Comparing performance in the target year with baseline projections would be more appropriate (IEA, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
It has been widely documented that people living in adequate homes have better health and higher chances to improve their human capital and seize the opportunities that urbanization offers. A housing sector that performs well acts as a "development multiplier"' benefiting complementary industries, contributing to economic development, employment generation, service provision and overall poverty reduction." Conversely, lack of adequate housing contributes significantly to marginalization of populations and different forms of exclusion in cities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Citizens and businesses may avoid taking risks, delaying decisions regarding investment, innovation and labour mobility that are essential to jump-start growth and regain competitiveness. Emphasising fairness and integrity in policy development and implementation, ensuring that policy making is more inclusive, and building real engagement with citizens all involve citizens' skills. The capacity to use these devices intelligently to manage information is thus becoming essential.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The absence of targeted policies to foster the growth potential of women’s enterprises is a critical policy gap. In non-MENA countries, women's entrepreneurship often falls under the umbrella of SME policy. While such policies may have a rather important impact, as this is the segment where women entrepreneurs are mostly represented, it needs to be stressed that this inclusion may also perpetuate and reinforce existing stereotypes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products for publicity or advertising is not permitted. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this publication for education or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. The forward-thinking policymaker is tasked to promote development based on eco-efficient economic growth and at the same time, record more inclusive gains in human welfare and socio-economic progress.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Institutional capacities have also been developed, as well as mechanisms to co-ordinate the activities of the ministries involved, though it is not clear that these arrangements are efficient or coherent. Nevertheless, these initiatives provide a helpful basis for developing a regulatory framework for managing industrial chemicals. It has been able to make good use of the financial and technical assistance opportunities within these agreements to better manage the chemicals involved and to build related capacities. Colombia has also made good use of other international initiatives, including the UN Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
So, it is not clear how much zero-rated services get new users online. As one report puts it: "Even with a zero-rated service, the user must still have a device and an active account with the operator that offers the zero-rated service. This raises the question of whether zero-rated services can bring people online who had not previously used the Internet" (A4AI, 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The Danish accession to the Lisbon Treaty has been the center of a case brought before the Supreme Court. For the accession, the Danish government used the procedure in art. 19 of the Constitution instead of the more complex procedure in art. 20. In the case, it was argued that the accession to the Lisbon Treaty entailed a transfer of competences to the European Union and that art. 20 therefor should have been used. This raises the question of the constitutionality of the accession. This paper examines and discusses central elements of the Supreme Court’s decision. Significantly, structural changes, the identity principle and the validity of earlier accessions. In addition, the article examines how already transferred powers can be extended indirectly. In order to shed light on the complex issue, the article takes account of both national and international case law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This diversity could lead to some differences in the care provided across regions. The MHSD declared the need for developing the system of unified medical standards or protocols at the national level in 2008. Such measures should take into account existing international “best practice” treatment protocols adapted to the circumstances of the Russian Federation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In one example from Samoa, the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment (MoNRE) has produced a weekly column for the local newspaper, intended to help foster environmental awareness and engagement among young people. For its part, UNESCO has done quite a bit of work in the area of media capacity development, with programmes focused on a range of sustainable development issues such as climate change, HIV/AIDS, and the MDGs. While different countries and cultures may vary in their preferences for social media, the importance and prevalence of online activities is increasing steadily. A number of CSOs from the ten focus countries have some online presence, including Facebook pages and Twitter accounts, but in most cases there appears to be little activity on these sites.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In the meantime, both cities are renewing their municipal bus fleet and introducing integrated electronic ticketing systems. As in other post-Soviet countries, road traffic has grown rapidly in Kazakhstan since 2000. The rapid shift of goods shipment from the railway to the road network and the high level of road shipments per capita led to a rapid deterioration of roads, raising the demand for funding for repairs and maintenance (Coulibaly et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The proposal was a continuation of the Structural Quota System (SQS) implemented in the coastal fleet in 2004 and the SQS in the ocean-going fleet implemented as of 2005. A time limit of 20 years on the structural quotas was re-introduced (25 years for already allocated quotas) and from 2008 the SQS in the coastal fleet was introduced for vessels between 11 and 15 metres. Prices for important species such as herring, mackerel cod and haddock have been reduced from 2008 to 2009, while the price for saithe has increased. North Arctic cod has been under particular pressure due to IUU fishing in the Barents Sea.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The Paris Agreement and associated decision (1/CP.21) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) recognise this, and reinforce the international framework for adaptation action by establishing a global goal of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability. The Paris Agreement also states that Parties shall as appropriate engage in adaptation planning processes and the implementation of adaptation actions. Decision 1/CP.21 (paragraph 90) stipulates that provision of information shall be done “no less frequently than on a biennial basis”, although least developed countries (LDCs) as well as small island developing states (SIDS) may submit this information at their discretion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The growth in global industrial production and merchandise trade volumes has been tapering since the beginning of 2018, especially in trade-intensive capital and intermediate goods sectors. Leading indicators point to some softening in economic momentum in many countries in 2019, amid escalating trade disputes, risks of financial stress and volatility, and an undercurrent of geopolitical tensions. At the same time, several developed economies are facing capacity constraints, which may weigh on growth in the short term.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Today, it is by far the largest crediting agency for publicly supported investment projects in the agro-food sector. Investment grants would be limited to several “priority” areas of investment. These programmes are implemented under the umbrella of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade. Public support in this case is provided in the form of interest rate subsidies on investment credit.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
A strong alliance of women and peace developed around the movement for nuclear disarmament (Frauenfriedens-bewegung)-, another important alliance was forged around the decriminalization of homosexuality.9 In the German Democratic Republic (former East Germany, GDR), the political scenario was a different one: the State formally supported women in the workplace and provided childcare as well as economic incentives, maternity leave and other provisions supporting pregnant women/mothers.10 While this did not change preconceived notions about motherhood and childcare being a primarily female task." Under German law, abortion is a criminal offense but is not punished if the pregnant woman accepts counselling prior to the abortion procedure and within the first trimester, cf. In the GDR ‘model’, an authoritarian productivist regime, women's employment was mandatory, as was the creche for very young children, the labour force participation rate, at 91 per cent in 1989, was the highest in the world. Bundesministerium fur Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugendliche [Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth] 2015, p. 21.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Capacity-building programmes for LPAs should be established. These could be in the form of training programmes and exchange of experiences with other countries. For a property to function, it sometimes requires access to facilities outside its own boundaries, e.g., roads, garages, playgrounds and water and wastewater facilities. It is not unusual for several properties in the same village or neighborhood to have similar needs. However, homeowners are reluctant to spend on repairs and maintenance because of the nonfunctioning housing management system resulting from gaps or unclear procedures in laws relevant to housing. Further, this Law does not have a provision covering ownership of common properties for buildings without a homeowners’ association.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Some of the biggest DFIs (by size of portfolio), including DEG (Germany), Proparco (France), OPIC (US), currently do not report activity level information on Rio Markers and FMO (Netherlands) does not report on its activities to the OECD DAC statistical system at all. As a result these agencies have been excluded from the analysis, which biases comparisons between types of providers towards multilateral providers. As a result the analysis in the paper covers development finance targeting climate change only.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
F. (1996), “L'urbanisation du monde”, Anthropos, Coll. Ascher, F. (1995), “Metapolis, ou I'avenir des villes”, Paris. F. Gubert, O. Koriko, M. Kuepie and E. OuEdraogo (2002 -03), “Le secteur informel: performances, insertion, perspectives", enquSte 1 -2-3, phase 2, Mimeo Available at: www.insee.fr/fr/insee-statistique-publique/connaitre/stateco/stateco99/stec99e.pdf Charmes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
It is to be achieved primarily through the national land use planning framework, and secondarily by means of interventions in key sectors such as agriculture, forestry and fishing. Sectoral interventions include pro-active measures promoting biodiversity conservation (e.g. sustainable agriculture, ecotourism), as well as corrective measures that eliminate perverse incentives that are detrimental to biodiversity (e.g. removal of certain agricultural support programmes). Mainstreaming biodiversity into other policy sectors also requires looking into synergies and possible trade-offs (e.g. between biodiversity and food production, or biodiversity and climate change policies), as well as integrating biodiversity policy with equity objectives. How it may be used is determined by the national land use planning policy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
A beaucoup d’egards, la Norvege a en f occurrence fait ceuvre de pionniere en creant tres tot une taxe sur le C02 et des quotas individuels de peche. Quoi qu’il en soit, certaines mesures empechent ces instruments de jouer tout leur role. En effet, des secteurs importants sont exoneres du paiement de la taxe sur le CO2 et, pour f instant, exclus du systeme d’echange de quotas d’emission, et l’echangeabilite des quotas de peche est soumise a des restrictions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
However, there is only intermediate success in addressing air pollution or improving energy access for the poor, along with other factors that reduce vulnerability to climate and other global changes (Edenhofer et al., For illustrative purposes, an Alternative SSP scenario that uses different assumptions about population and GDP growth - the standardised scenario SSP3 - is also analysed in this report. This scenario is characterised by slow growth in the rich countries, little convergence in incomes across countries and rapid population growth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
For centuries, farmers have maintained spring, summer and winter harvests by relying on seed stocks saved from the previous year and informally exchanged with their neighbours. These informal agriculture networks are still the main sources of seeds to meet local demand in a country where 76 per cent of households depend on agriculture for a living. This has created the urgent need for institutions like community seed banks that not only conserve local biodiversity, but assure immediate and long-term food security of farmers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Public transportation in most of Africa’s major cities is dominated by informal minibuses and motorbikes, and accounts for relatively large proportions of household budgets, especially among the poorest (Lall and others, 2017). Data on the proportion of the population with access to public transportation in African cities are not easily available. Therefore, household expenditure on transportation is often used as a proxy indicator of accessibility and affordability of it in African cities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This chapter maps out current trends in the composition of legislatures across the OECD while exploring remaining barriers to women running for elected office and equal access to leadership positions in legislatures. It also provides an overview of strategies, initiatives and mechanisms across the OECD to help political institutions become more gender sensitive and thus encourage women's political representation and access to leadership. Finally, the chapter assesses tools and frameworks to mainstream gender in the work of legislatures, including law-making and oversight.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Following passage of the Energy Act of 2003, in India some state governments decided to facilitate permitting for decentralised energy production under 1MW. Is procurement for new clean electricity generation part of a long-term grid infrastructure development strategy? Are the long-term clean energy objectives backed with capacity building strategies?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Abstract This article examines major trends and research questions that have emerged in public management scholarship in North America over the last decade. This period offers evidence of improved self-confidence and scholarship in the field, even as it remains independent of any specific discipline or core set of assumptions. Scholarship in the last decade reflects a transition in the understanding of governance. Traditional issues of public administration have received less attention, e.g., personnel management, ethics, leadership, public-private differences, implementation, and political influence on the bureaucracy. There is growing scholarship on topics that suggest efforts to change or work around the classic bureaucratic model, e.g., reform, alternative forms of governance, performance, citizen trust, participation, and e-government.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Experts know from previous research that there are children who are at risk of not making a successful transition to school, and the gap between these children and their peers increases progressively. Australia’s National Early Childhood Development Strategy -Investing in the early years (Australian Government, 2009a) - also recognises the need to build a solid evidence base as one of its six reform priority areas. The results from the 2009 AEDI are now providing a wealth of information which is being used to influence early childhood initiatives at the community, state and national levels, as well as inform early childhood policy development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Since the 1990s, the Nordic governments have made a considerable effort to both realise and optimise the benefits of ICT and to integrate it into public sector reforms as, for instance, with the development of ICT infrastructure and investments in digital service delivery. Public sector institutions, citizens and businesses have greatly benefitted from these investments leading to better and more efficient welfare services, improved business competitiveness, social inclusion and economic growth. The chapter concludes with a summary of the issues related to Internet non-users. It also contributes to the promotion of more inclusive societies, enhancing a wider daily use of digital technologies (Internet of Things, smartphones, blockchain, social media) for both citizens and businesses. The graph (figure 12.1) on NGA networks coverage indicates the number of households that, in principle, have access to fast broadband in European countries in 2014,2015 and 2016. The countries with the highest figures correspond to those with relatively small territories and important population densities, standing out in terms of their high NGA network coverage, Malta and Belgium have reported values of around 99% since 2014.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)