albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
New skills, new thinking, and a different set of policy tools are part of the strategy needed to leverage the digital transformation and enable innovation and investment. Technology has moved from being uncommon and difficult to use to being pervasive, intuitive, and more user-friendly. Some of the exciting future innovations such as wearables and artificial intelligence are nascent, and have yet to prove their full potential.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Awareness raising Private sponsorship of awareness raising campaigns, joint initiatives with NGOs, opportunities to negotiate discounts or free provision of “social advertising”, education and training budgets. Biodiversity values Much of the funding is likely to come from core biodiversity budgets. However, since delivering the Target plays an essential role in achieving sustainable development globally, there will be a wide range of beneficiaries and there is scope to secure funding from a range of sources such as governments, businesses and international development agencies, building on the international partnerships that have already been established to finance both the TEEB and WAVES initiatives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The adoption of quotas in South Africa was part of broader measures intended by the Government to rectify injustices in the past by helping those who have historically been at a disadvantage, including coloured (mixed-race) South Africans and women. According to a 2013 PwC report on women in mining, a South Africa firm leads the way in the number of female senior executives (21 per cent) in the top 100 listed mining companies worldwide, by comparison, the senior executive percentages for the five companies immediately following the South African leader were between 4 and 12 per cent (PwC, 2013-2015). Proponents of WEGEB claim that, unlike provisions under Mining Charters, which allow extractive industry companies to renew their licences when they did not meet gender quotas, the new Bill will mandate a 50 per cent quota for women and stiff penalties for organizations that fail to comply. Beyond differences between mining and other industries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Yet, little comprehensive evidence is collected on how many women-owned and managed companies participate in international trade, what type of products they export or what barriers discourage women from entering international trade. Because of these issues, it is difficult to draw a comprehensive picture of women’s participation in international trade. The findings contribute to a better understanding ot women’s limited participation in international trade. For the sake ot simplicity, the analysis concentrates on exporting firms, including firms that both export and import. Surveyed firms that only import were not considered in this analysis.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Total should be taken as indicative of the Australian Government only contributions to management costs (through AFMA) and fisheries R&D by the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC). See Annual report for more detail: www.daff.gov.au/pubUcations/fisheries. All values include overhead cost allocations, but these are based on estimates of appropriate cost allocation principles based on AFMA’s Cost Recovery Impact Statement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
As sectors adapt, industries that were negatively affected initially may become winners as time progresses. Policymakers should thus give industry time to adjust and offer businesses a transition pathway to make such changes. Because the impacts of environmental taxes change over time, all measures to mitigate competitiveness impacts must be targeted, time-limited, and subject to regular review. This will prevent wasted expenditure once companies have adapted to the new conditions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Where that line was drawn varied from city to city and was usually kept secret "for fear that the Board would be cheated."' What should be done about irregular or undeclared earnings? What adjustments needed to be made for larger families? In his 1877 speech to the Royal Statistical Society, Booth presented the findings of a survey on the incomes of London s poor and suggested that a line of poverty', set at 18 to 21 shillings a week, would divide the people of London into those who live 'in comfort' and those who live 'in poverty'.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The methodology used in this paper aims to capture support to innovation and technology beyond ICTs by exploring the description fields in the CRS (see next section). The reason for the three-tier approach was to use the available classificatory variables to the maximum extent, but complement these with additional activities identified using text mining techniques. The three-tiered process was a response to the lack of convenient structure in the CRS for identification of activities supporting STI.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Switching to a circular economy also has long-term strategic importance for the industry itself in orderto secure supplies of materials. They are using a range of recovered materials: polyester recycled from PET bottles, nylon from fishing nets and mechanically recycled cotton and wool. Two of the brands are "re-making" new products from recovered post-consumer fabrics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
This is reflected in the division of domestic tasks: women remain responsible for the vast majority of household and care tasks, including 85% of cooking, 92% of collecting water and 78% of childcare (see Box 8). As a result, social stigma toward men involved in unpaid care and domestic activities is high, as well as for women who pursue paid work rather than care and reproductive roles. This is reflected across the world: Figure 6 shows that higher levels of gender-based discrimination in social norms, as measured by the SIGI (see Box 2), higher gender time use gaps.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Even in the past, this expectation was often unfounded, and it is now entirely outmoded, as technical progress increases and changes the demand for higher level skills. Despite this, in many countries opportunities for graduates from upper secondary vocational programmes to deepen and update their skills remain limited. This is worrying, because more than anything else, the lack of such opportunities deters young people from pursuing an initial vocational route, sometimes in favour of less suitable career paths.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This new methodology offers an up-to-date and more precise measure that allows for better comparability with the measures of other Latin American countries. Its advantages include updating continually consumption habits and using a better measure of income. Extreme poverty also decreased, dropping from 18% to 11% over the same period.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Prioritise responses to address these pressures, and consider the types of policy measures likely to be most effective in terms of environmental impact as well as cost. A few other indicators may also merit further consideration. Selecting a core set of indicators (Step 6) is an important element of this, and aims should be made for these to be as consistent as possible across countries, so as to enable aggregation of data at regional and global levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
These institutions are essential to monitor the respect, application and enforcement of anti-violence legislation and policies. To achieve this objective, governments may choose to establish specialised courts with specifically trained judges and prosecutors who efficiently and professionally deal with the civic and criminal aspects of violence against women and facilitate quick access to support and counselling services. For example, New Zealand has established family violence courts with appropriately trained judges and other court staff to streamline and speed processing to ensure that matters of domestic violence are dealt with in a timely manner. Governments can set up specialised police units, like those in several Latin American countries, that offer a safe environment where sensitised and mainly female police officers focus on protecting victims of violence and uncovering cases of violence.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In this article we argue that the ‘just city’ is one that enables individuals to exercise their citizenship, including making choices to participate (or not) in communal existence. However, inequities in resource distribution encountered by lone mothers on income assistance threaten not only individual sustenance and survival, but also the foundational fabric of our society. The implication that an active citizen is one who exercises their rights and responsibilities in a balanced way is problematic, and has the potential to add blame to poverty, justifying exclusion rather than inclusion. Using qualitative data from a longitudinal study of lone mothers in extreme poverty in Vancouver, British Columbia we illustrate how macro-processes within cities (i.e., delivery of affordable housing, food security, childcare, transportation) impinge upon the micro-processes of these women's lives (i.e., impacts on health, economic security, social mobility). Focusing on citizenship as a set of constrained choices chal...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Still, employers and graduates are often ill-informed about what programmes the VET system is actually able to. Weaknesses in governance and fragmentation in the system adds to the challenge. These factors, combined w ith the preference for academic routes and public sector jobs, further erode the visibility of vocational education and its utilisation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The author explains non-applicability of traditional criminal law and procedure in cyberspace. She advocates the introduction of biometric identification security systems, online reporting centres, universal cyber police and “two track” criminal proceedings for cybercrimes. In that regard, the following issues are discussed: Why the existing criminal law and procedure are not an adequate tool for cyberspace regulation? How can the use of biometrics contribute to the cyber security? Is the Internet anonymity a reality or only an “urban” myth? Why are the majority of cybercrimes not reported and how to improve this statistics? How to overcome jurisdictional difficulties arising from collection of digital evidence? How to eliminate cybercrime offenders from cyberspace, at the same time protecting all fair trial guarantees?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The proposed agreement has the potential to reduce trade barriers between the two trading blocs. A key output of the Plan is the creation of voluntary partnership agreements (VPAs) between the EU and tropical timber-supplying countries. As of May 2014, VPAs had been signed with six countries - Cameroon, the Central African Republ ic, the Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Indonesia and Liberia. It is estimated that about 30% of total global roundwood production originates from certified forest areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Take the example of carbon emissions reductions from coal-fired power generation: with a carbon tax, the generator would choose an efficient least-cost mix of technical abatement, e.g. more efficient boilers, and reductions in the output of electricity to achieve the intended level of emissions. With a quantity-based standard instead, generators would overinvest in technical abatement and underinvest in output reductions, thus selling more electricity than with a carbon tax. This is because, in the example of the standard case, infra-marginal emissions are costless and only the last unit of emissions elicits compliance. What looks like an advantage, i.e. more electricity sold at the same amount of emissions, is in fact an economic disadvantage. By levying a Pigouvian tax, the government could have generated a higher value for the overall economy than the added surplus for the electricity customers resulting from the standard.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
As an illustration, the main features that can be gleaned from the set of policy indicators for Australia and Germany are presented below (Figure 15). The redistributive impact of taxes and transfers is higher than the OECD average in the two countries but the size, mix and progressive nature of both taxes and transfers differ significantly. This mainly reflects the higher redistributive impact of taxes, even though the size of the Australian tax system, as measured by the tax to GDP ratio, is considerably below the OECD average (27% and 35%, respectively in 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
This article examines contemporary notions on free speech and the criminalisation of journalistic expression since 9/11, via discussion of Brian Wood’s DMZ comics (DC Vertigo). Free speech and the importance of a free press are widely accepted notions, yet journalistic and artistic freedom is arguably under attack in our post-9/11 world (Ash, 2016, Article 19, 2007). State responses to global terror threats have criminalised free speech, particularly speech seen as ‘glorifying’ or ‘supporting’ terrorism via anti-terror or restrictive media laws. This article examines these issues via DMZ’s discussion of a second American civil war in which freedom of the press has all but disappeared, arguing that DMZ’s ‘War on Terror’ narrative and depiction of controlled news access serve as allegories for contemporary free speech restrictions. DMZ illustrates contemporary concerns about a perceived social problem in its representation of corruption, abuse of power and restrictions on the public’s right to know.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Les jeunes adultes ne trouvant pas de travail regulier sont desormais reconnus comme groupe cible pour les programmes du marche du travail. La plupart des entreprises fixent toujours 1’age obligatoire de depart a la retraite a 60 ans, mais elles sont obligees d’etablir un systeme qui permet de continuer it travailler jusqu'a l’age legal de la retraite, ce qu’elles font typiquement en offrant a leurs anciens employes des CDD avec des salaires plus faibles assortis de retraites complementaires d’entreprises. En fait, de nombreux travailleurs ages changent de metier et continuent it travailler jusqu’a l’age de 65 ans et meme davantage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
India also is a leading producer of spices, fish, poultry, livestock and plantation crops. Agricultural commodity production in India rose significantly over the past six decades: the production of food grains increased from around 50 Mt in 1950-51 to over 263 Mt during 2013-14, a fivefold increase in six decades. This phenomenal growth, however, was marked by phases of stagnation, such as the period from 1996-97 to 2004-05 when real prices fell, and periods of rapid growth, which have been experienced since that year.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In 1992, with the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty, a new institution, namely EU citizenship, was created. The treaty introduced a qualitative change in the sphere of political and legal position of citizens of the Member States, who gained in these spheres a number of new powers. One of them is the right to diplomatic and consular protection. The analysis of these two rights leads to a conclusion about the great discrepancy that exists between treaty guarantees and the effective exercise of this right. The Member States did not agree with third countries on this subject, which is a requirement of international law. Secondary law also allows only a partial exercise of the treaty’s right to care in the territory of third countries. It has been reduced only to consular assistance and is still narrowly understood. The treaty law of EU citizens remains therefore at a very early stage of development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For example, the number of lakes at risk of harmful algal blooms will increase by 20% in the first half of this century. The Millennium Development Goal for improved water supply is unlikely to be met in Sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, more city dwellers did not have access to an improved water source in 2008 than in 1990, as urbanisation is currently outpacing connections to water infrastructure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Every Brazilian worker with a formal employment contract governed by the Brazilian Labour Code (Consolidagdo das Leis do TVabalho, CLT) is eligible to FGTS. To constitute this fund, the employer deposits 8% of the worker’s monthly eamings into a saving account in the worker’s name (2% for fixed-term workers). Moreover, workers with more than three months of tenure are entitled to an indemnity based on the total amount deposited by the employer in their FGTS account.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
African Development Review-Revue Africaine De Developpement, 14(2), 251-275. Malawi Youth Status Report: Adolescent andYouth Situation Analysis. Report by Maestral International for Ministry ofYouth, Culture and Sports Development, Government of Malawi and UNICEF. Families and Households in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Socio-demographic perspectives.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Whether or not this land redistribution process had positive results remains unclear. Significantly, the state owns approximately 25% of the land. Walker and Dubb report that of the total land area in South Africa, 67% is “white,” commercial agricultural land, 15% is “black,” mainly communal areas (mostly state-owned), 10% is non-farming state areas (mainly conservation areas), and the remaining 8% is urban zones (Table 20) (Walker and Dubb. The Strategic Plan for Smallholder Support (SPSS), which is the blue print for support to smallholders, proposes the following basic qualitative typology of smallholders: 1) SP1 Smallholder producer type 1: Smallholders for whom smallholder production is a part-time activity that forms a relatively small part of a multiple-livelihood strategy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Thus natural forests are not easily substituted for timber production. Fast-growing plantation species do not substitute for the highly prized hardwoods found in natural forests. It is also recognized that plantations cannot provide the same ecosystem functions as natural forests. In 1943, the natural forest area in Viet Nam was 14.3 million ha or about 43 percent of the country's territory. At that time most of the forests were primary forests.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Counterfeit products are a significant global risk to brands and those who hold intellectual property rights to them. They also pose significant risks to public health and safety, the economy, and even national security. Given consumer and organizational dependence on branded products, virtually everyone is vulnerable to counterfeits and has a stake in preventing, identifying, and responding to their occurrence. The multifaceted nature of product counterfeiting calls for an equally multidimensional response that is both strategic and comprehensive. This article attempts to provide some context for developing such a response. It compiles the ideas and perspectives of a diverse array of experts – including representatives of brand-owning corporations, industry associations, law enforcement agencies, private service providers, and academia – who are leaders in the global fight against product counterfeiting. In particular, it identifies and discusses critical aspects of the counterfeiting problem that need to be considered as 2020 approaches.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Over the past several years, military and intelligence personnel of the United States have tortured captives, gained information from others' torture of captives, or sent captives to be tortured. Even aside from statutory law and international treaties and conventions to which the United States is party, prohibition of torture by agents of the state is implicit in the very fabric of U.S. political society as embodied in the Constitution, especially the Fifth Amendment. The rights guaranteed under the Fifth Amendment derive from English common law, with its long and venerable history. Furthermore, common-law rights and protections permeate all of Anglo-American law. The Fifth Amendment plays a central role in these legal safeguards. Historical and analytic accounts of both the Fifth Amendment and torture may shed light on recent revelations of the use of torture.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The share of the removals in the base year was -11.8 per cent of total GHG emissions in CO2 eq, while in the inventoried year the share was -13.05 per cent. There are two separate trends contributing to this decrease. At the beginning of the period, for economic reasons there was a transition from liquid fuels, which were previously used for heating, to electricity. Some societal groups also drastically reduced their use of energy for heating, due to their very low income.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
These reforms reflect changes in attitudes amongst Germans towards organising work and family life (Chapter 2), and evidence-based as supported by a range of policy evaluations (ZEW and FFP, 2013, Prognos, 2014, Bechara et al., This involves a range of measures and initiatives that encourage equal partnership at home and at work. This included 2015 parental leave reform that facilitates both parents to take leave on a part-time basis and provides a partnership bonus for at least four months when both parents work around 25-30 hours per week.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
On the other hand, there is a tendency to attempt to deal with climate change as a stand-alone issue in both developed and developing countries. This could potentially limit cross-sectoral capacity development and co-ordination opportunities between environment, energy, agriculture and finance sectors/ministries of a country. This offers opportunities for Ministries of Environment to work more closely with central agencies like Finance and Planning (or a Prime Minister’s office, for example).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
As a result, many water utilities are in dire financial situations, with under-capitalised balance sheets that impede their capacity to raise debts. In the absence of any repayment capacity or history of past lending, most commercial banks are unlikely to lend to the sector which they do not perceive as being “creditworthy”. There is often a discrepancy between long-term investments needed in the water sector to match the life of the assets and the shortterm lending capabilities on local markets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This article surveys and assesses recent interdisciplinary scholarship on early Stuart verse libels – scandalous, defamatory poems surreptitiously circulating criticism of courtiers, councilors, and royal policies. It situates this scholarship within revisionist and post-revisionist historians’ debates on the nature of early Stuart politics and the causes of the English Revolution, and within the cultural turn in early modern studies and in the discipline of history at large. The article then surveys what scholars have argued about the libel as a form of political media operating within an early modern literary underground and an emerging public sphere, and as a form of political expression which articulated serious critique through allegations of sexual and other forms of personal corruption. It concludes with suggestions for future research.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In addition to its contribution to national income and employment, agro-processing has the potential to increase income and access to food for the rural poor, who largely depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. This is achieved through the creation of small-scale processing businesses that can be carried out at home and do not require huge investment. Through such a ‘spillover’ mechanism, agro-processing can potentially impact household poverty in a sustainable manner.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)