albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Further simplification of a complex policy environment, together with a long term, clear and committed vision for low carbon in the United Kingdom, would give retailers the certainty and confidence required to make the significant investments needed to move to a low carbon economy.” ( Government also has a role in setting the tone and direction of public debate about food, and a role in fostering cultural and behavioural change. This leadership and agenda-setting role can be a powerful complement to direct interventions.” (
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
At its 10th meeting, on 15 May, the Forum considered agenda item 9 jointly with items 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (Multi-stakeholder dialogue), and 8. For its consideration of the item, the Forum had before it the note by the Secretariat on the Forum Trust Fund (E/CN. At the 2nd meeting, on 4 May, an introductory statement was made by the Director of the Forum secretariat.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This standard represents the target for energy efficiency that has to be reached by all products of a product category within a certain time frame. For example, the energy efficiency of air conditioners improved by 68% between 1997 and 2004, electric refrigerators by 55% (1998-2004), passenger vehicles by23% (1995-2005) and computers by 99% (1997-2005). Overall, the Top Runner program is expected to achieve 0.35 exa Joules (eJ) of energy savings between 1998 and 2010.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Where some kind of water market can be developed that reflect the income produced by infrastructure improvements, the burdens of searching for external finance can be reduced. Important data needs would focus on assembly of detailed cost and return enterprise budgets for irrigated agriculture that account for financial and economic impacts of greater water supply and increased water supply reliability. Other important data needs would focus on the cost and productivity of measures that would maintain dams, canals, pipelines, aqueducts, pumping plants, drainage and flow regulating structures. Improvements in models of water supply and demand in alternative uses would be even more valuable.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Although specific projections can somewhat vary, current analysis suggests much of this growth will be attributed to increases in demand by the industrial and domestic sectors (OECD, 2012, Burek et al., Agriculture’s share of total water use is therefore likely to fall in comparison with other sectors, but it will remain the largest user overall over the coming decades, in terms of both water withdrawal and water consumption2 (Figure 2). Although the global average water stress is only 11%, 31 countries experience water stress between 25% (which is defined as the minimum threshold of water stress) and 70%, and 22 countries are above 70% and are therefore under serious water stress (UN, 2018a). Growing water stress indicates substantial use of water resources, with greater impacts on resource sustainability, and a rising potential for conflicts among users.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It is important that, in the future, action to ensure equality should also include measures to empower women so that they may access positions of leadership (making them role models) and take part in decision making on equal footing with men. Mexico’s civil service should consider further policies and initiatives for enhancing the recmitment of women in sectors where they are underrepresented. Managerial positions in departments like the Navy, the Interior and Finance and Public Credit are male-dominated. As in the private sector, they are smaller among younger workers and wider at the upper end of the income distribution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Section B has demonstrated that sectors differ significantly in their dependence on digital technologies, and has provided rankings of sectors according to their digital intensity. These rankings show that services sectors, with the exception of construction and transport, tend to use digital technology more intensively than manufacturing and agriculture sectors. Within manufacturing, the transport equipment and electronics sectors stand out as digital-intensive, which is mirrored in data from the International Federation of Robots, which show that the automotive industry uses a significant number of robots and is likely to benefit from progress in smart robotics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The most advanced of these is the US Small Business Administration (SBA) in co-operation with the SBA Office of Advocacy (which actually sets legal quotas for the proportion of federal government contracts to be awarded to small businesses). Good practice measures also exist in Canada, Denmark, Korea, the United Kingdom, Romania and others. A number of European good practices are noted in the “SMEs’ access to public procurement” section of the European Commission 2009 document, “European Charter for Small Enterprises: 2009 Good Practice Selection” (European Commission, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the values ​​of Pancasila as a national character development strategy in the era of globalization, whether they have been implemented properly or not. The research method that I use in this research uses non-interactive qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that character building has been carried out by all means, but until now it has not been implemented optimally. This can be seen from the large economic, political and social disparities, unjust rule of law, corruption, collusion and nepotism that spread to all sectors. Seeing the dire situation and condition of the nation's character, our government took the initiative to prioritize the character building of the Indonesian nation. This can be seen from the national development mission itself which consists of eight missions and character education is the first mission in realizing the vision of national development.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Countries with low tertiary enrolment levels (Azerbaijan, Georgia and Republic of Moldova) should establish more places and ensure equitable access to tertiary institutions. The VET system requires detailed delivery plans with greater involvement of national and local employers. In addition to budget allocation, it is important to consider whether spending on education is efficient and well targeted.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
While land resources are large, India’s high population density means that land resource endowment on a per capita basis is actually less than the world average. This means that higher aggregate production in the future will come from yield growth and increases in the cropping intensity rather than an expansion in agricultural area. Depending upon the availability of water, cropping activities continue year-round.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This chapter investigates the analytically distorting effects sustained by international corruption rankings of treating corruption as a phenomenon bounded within national units. It questions the resulting understanding that corruption is disproportionately a problem of the developing world, characterised by direct unmediated transfers between bribe-givers and bribe-takers. Instead, the chapter offers a more transnational networked perspective on corruption, premised on the importance of professional intermediaries in facilitating illicit finance, the blurring of legal and illegal capital flows, and the globalisation of the individual via multiple claims of residence and citizenship. These trends are evidenced by a survey of the main components of the relevant transnational networks (shell companies, foreign real estate, and investor citizenship programmes). The chapter also includes a vignette study of the transnational dimensions of corruption involving Chinese individuals and the corresponding response of the Chinese government in internationalising its law enforcement strategies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This action line is intended to promote the development of national e-strategies, including the necessary human capacity building, taking into account different national circumstances. It has ensured, in addition, the comprehensive exchange of views, information and experiences among WSIS stakeholders, as well as providing advisory services and technical assistance to developing countries. At the same time the 2014 United Nations E-Government Survey observes a new trajectory in the efforts of governments to put together a national ICT policy and e-government strategy by strengthening institutions and building the capacities of public servants. Collaborative service delivery is now pervasive, where governments, citizens, civil society and the private sector often work together to innovate processes and leverage new technologies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Chapter 1 provides details on the current state of physical infrastructure in countries with special needs. In doing so, it highlights some of the challenges that CSN are facing in the Asia-Pacific region in terms of providing access to important infrastructure sectors. Recognizing the multi-dimensional character of infrastructure, chapter 2 presents the ESCAP Access to Physical Infrastructure Index for helping to provide a quantitative assessment of infrastructure availability in countries with special needs and for use as a policy tool for infrastructure development policies. The chapter also points to the large infrastructure deficit that CSN in the region are facing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
And while natural resources are exhaustible - the more you use the less you have - knowledge is a growing resource - the more you use the more you have. The scientific discovery that had the largest impact on human development was the discovery of ignorance, and learning as the means to advance knowledge. As New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman put it, PISA and oil don't mix easily.2 Israel is not alone in outperforming its oil-rich neighbours by a large margin when it comes to learning outcomes at school: most of the highest-performing education systems are poor in natural resources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In Jordan, for instance, the share of women dropping out of the labour force after 30 increases by 29 percentage points for those with a university education, while that of women with lower levels of education increases by no more than 7 percentage points (Sayre and Hendy, 2013). Public sector salaries are regulated in terms of grades, seniority, etc., In 2007, the average pay gap in Egypt was estimated to be 25%, with particularly high disparities in the sectors of mining (72%), manufacturing (35%) and health and social work (25%) (Tijdens and Klaveren, 2012). The difference is significantly higher in the formal private sector (35-40%) than in the public sector (2%), which would further reinforce women’s preference for the public sector (World Bank, 2014). Some studies argue that the Egyptian pay gap can be attributed mainly to “discrimination against women” and not to differences in human capital characteristics (Biltagy, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Biran, A., Curtis, V., Gautam, O.P., Greenland, K., Islam, M.S., Schmidt, W.-P, Sijbesma, C., Sumpter, C. and Torondel, B. (2012). Background Paper on Measuring WASH and Food Hygiene Practices - Definition of Goals to be Tackled Post 2015 by the Joint Monitoring Programme. Hygiene Centre at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, and International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. What Impact Does the Provision of Separate Toilets for Girls at Schools Have on their Primary and Secondary School Enrolment, Attendance and Completion?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Interviews at regional and country level revealed that the lack of gender materials in languages other than English also posed a problem. Gender Net, a peer information-sharing and problem-solving network for UNDP staff, was initially set up as an email-based platform, later becoming an active network. In addition, communities of practice were established by each regional centre, curated by regional gender advisors/prac-tice leaders, and these were subsequendy transferred to the Teamworks platform. Participation dropped 30% to 40% from one year to the next according to statistics maintained by the knowledge management staff.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Particularly important are donors' commitments to "Respect partner country leadership and help strengthen their capacity to exercise it" and to “Base their overall support — country strategies, policy dialogues and development co-operation programmes — on partners’ national development strategies” (OECD, 2005: paras. Donors have also committed themselves to “ensure that existing channels for aid delivery are used and, if necessary, strengthened before creating separate new channels that risk further fragmentation and complicate co-ordination at country level” (OECD, 2008: para. However, the opposite has been the case in the context of climate finance, giving rise to an extraordinarily complex financial architecture that represents a significant obstacle to LDCs' access to finance, as well as unnecessary costs, loss of economies of scale and administrative burdens.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Psiquiatria del Nino y el Adolescente Asociacion Espanola de Psiquiatria del Nino y el Adolescente, A Coruna, Spain. Estudio de caso Nicaragua” (“Youth Social Inclusion in Contexts of Violence”], unpublished. Youth: Realities and Challenges for Achieving Development with Equality, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago, Chile. Innovative Strategies to Facilitate the Transition from School to Work”, Washington, DC.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
None of this is possible without good teachers. In order to achieve these goals, teaching needs to be seen as a prestigious and selective profession. Prospective teachers need only demonstrate a secondaiy school diploma and a certain grade point average. On average, teacher training candidates obtain low scores on the PSU university selection test (Santiago et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Canada is a distinctive and rich contributor to criminological thought. As in many things, it benefits both from its proximity to powerhouses of the discipline in the United States and from distancing itself from them. Distancing is needed because criminology is enmeshed within a pathological disciplinary structure of social science research invented in the United States and Europe. Canada embraces more hybridity than most national criminologies, though it still falls short in its openness to insights from the South and East of the globe. An important part of the hybridity it does embrace in greater measure than other western societies is wisdom from its Indigenous peoples. Restorative justice, private policing, corporate crime, and crime-war are used to illustrate strengths of Canadian hybridity. These are Canadian conversations in which Carol LaPrairie engaged evocatively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In 2015 the Mendoza Province Supreme Court of Justice confirmed the constitutionality of Act 7722, which bans the use of toxic substances in metalliferous mining activities. The social conflict raised since 2003 by large scale mining projects in Mendoza gives this ruling a special historical significance. This paper analyzes the discoursive hegemony built by the state through the judicial branch, by means of a critical interpretation of the Court’s ruling, identifying the main references that support its legal arguments, organize its sense, and connect it to certain political ecology in so far it is an ideological fabric that gives support and organizes some rationality with regards to the social appropriation of Nature.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Middle powers have played a key role in supporting global governance, a rules-based order, and human rights norms. Apart from conveying and effectuating global solidarity and responsibility, multil...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Their objective is to offer all segments of society equal opportunities to successfully participate in and benefit from innovation. Drawing on 33 detailed policy examples from 15 countries, this paper discusses the role these policies can play in fostering inclusive growth. Emphasis is placed on identifying the challenges these policies need to address to be successful and solutions that have been identified, based on concrete policy examples.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This is a revised and updated version of the Working Paper published in January 2014 (April 20114). Requests to utilize larger portions or the full publication should be addressed to the Communication Unit at florence@unicef.org. Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis for the European Union (EU-MODA): Technical Note, Innocenti Working Paper No.2014-01, UNICEF Office of Research, Florence. The prime objectives of the Office of Research are to improve international understanding of issues relating to children's rights and to help facilitate full implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in developing, middle-income and industrialized countries. Through strengthening research partnerships with leading academic institutions and development networks in both the North and South, the Office seeks to leverage additional resources and influence in support of efforts towards policy reform in favour of children. For that reason, some publications may not necessarily reflect UNICEF policies or approaches on some topics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
These metrics show that US$1.5 billion (or 2%) went to "communications".5 A sectoral breakdown of this information, and FDI in general, would be highly relevant to understand if and how official development assistance is mobilizing private finance in the ICT sector. These methodological concerns are discussed in a final section that examines support to ICT connectivity and e-commerce using different measurement methods, including UNCTAD's eTrade for All e-commerce readiness framework. Information collected through the Aid-for-Trade monitoring and evaluation (M&E) exercise shows that developing countries are formulating policies relating to ICT connectivity and e-commerce. In 2017, 63 developing countries governments replied to the self-assessment questionnaire.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The reasons given by the banks for not granting loans were lack of adequate security and lack of evidence of address required as part of their Know Your Customer (KYC) norms. About one third of the operators of the enterprises received some training before they started their business. Three fourths of them approached either a moneylender or pawnbroker.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Other benefits, such as unemployment benefit, sick pay and child allowances, all of which are much better targeted than pensions, have remained underfunded. Progress in the field of social assistance was less marked than in Latin America, as social protection had an entirely different meaning and modus operandi under central planning. As a result, these countries initially lacked the administrative infrastructure to manage social assistance programmes prevalent in market economies. For instance, in the early years of transition, many EEFSU countries introduced universal child allowances, but later on transformed them into means-tested programmes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Understanding the influence of demographic, economic and policy factors on poverty trends is then essential to build an effective strategy to combat child poverty. After summarising the conceptual framework, this section presents the main findings of an analysis of such factors on child poverty since the mid-1990s at OECD level, with particular focus on the role of different cash transfers. The roadmap summarised in Figure 18 provides a framework for analysing how demographic, economic and political factors influence child poverty - separating the analysis of child poverty into two streams.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Because the Macedonian waters have a rich endemic ichthyofauna, MoEPP is also involved for biodiversity conservation matters. However, all fishing is now prohibited on Lake Ohrid to protect the Ohrid trout. Five-year concessions are given to a single fishing company on each waterbody, and the company is expected to develop a master plan for protection, improvement, and usage of the relevant fish stock during their license period.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Abstract   This article considers statistical means of evaluating profiling in searches of individuals by law enforcement agencies. It reviews examples of inappropriate methods that have been used to date. A relatively recent, more appropriate, and simple method is elaborated and its usefulness documented with data from Maryland State Police highway stops and searches. The method evaluates profiling for specified groups of interest by comparing the relative magnitudes of contraband find rates among those stopped and searched of each group. When find rates are approximately the same across groups, then profiling used in making the stops and searches is deemed effective and nondiscriminatory. With an increasing number of jurisdictions mandated to collect data on stops and searches, it is important that appropriate methods be used in their analyses so correct public policy conclusions can be drawn.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Many countries have created agencies specialized in the fight against corruption both as an alternative to recourse to the judicial system and because the complexity of the corruption phenomenon is escalating. The fight against corruption requires specific skills in a variety of fields, including law, finance, economics, accounting, civil engineering, and social sciences. The main functions of such agencies are law enforcement, prevention, policy development, and coordination. A comparative review of different agencies around the world reveals that their effectiveness in curbing corruption differs highly across countries. The most successful examples are those of Singapore and Hong Kong. Such a review also shows that when the agencies do not deliver “success”, failure is not entirely attributable to them. A major source of failures is the relationship with governments and donors in terms of funding, independence, accountability, and transparency.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This lack of access to the digital world puts young people at a grave disadvantage. I have been in numerous situations where the lack of internet access was a serious problem.” Unless these gaps in access and skills are identified and closed, rather than being an equalizer of opportunity, connectivity may deepen inequity, reinforcing intergenerational cycles of deprivation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The impact of the 2010 retirement reform (which increases the minimum legal age of retirement from 60 to 62 by 2018) would be to increase the supply of nurses in public hospitals and in all settings by 3.5% by 2030. Etudes et resultats, No. The objective of the QuBe project is to simulate complex interrelations and effects of political decisions and social measures on the national education system and the labour market. In addition to the analysis and results described below, occupational mobility was measured for the occupational field 'health care professions without license to practice medicine' and assigned to the nursing professions and its effects were assessed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)