albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The United States Department of Health and Human Services issued regulations regarding the implementation of the Family Violence Option in April 1999. The Uruguayan Law for the Prevention, Early Detection, Attention to, and Eradication of Domestic Violence (2002) mandates the design of a national plan against domestic violence. Article 46 of the Kenyan Sexual Offences Act (2006) requires that the relevant Minister prepare a national policy framework to guide the implementation and administration of the Act, and review the policy framework at least once every five years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It will remain important to monitor the effects on investment and savings and stand ready to adjust the reform if warranted. For instance, estimates by the World Bank (World Bank, 2015) suggest that with the changes introduced by the tax reform, the share of net income received by the richest 1% of the population will fall by 1.1% of GDP. However, the effect of the reform on the Gini coefficient after taxes and transfers will be small (0.07 points). This is because the Gini coefficient is more sensitive to transfers to the centre of the distribution than to the tails, which is what this reform is targeting.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The aim of the study was to elicit leadership values embedded in Obama’s apology speeches to have an insight of his leadership in the face of crisis. During his presidency, Obama had issued a number of successful remedial apologies as an action performed by the offender to calm the angered party, seek forgiveness and achieve reconciliation. The study found that Obama portrayed an array of values such as responsibility, accountability, determination and dedication to duty, trustworthiness and truthfulness, apologetic, regretful, appreciative of sacrifice,   visionary, and to comfort and sympathise. This paper gives an insight of how the methodology for the study of leadership values in Obama’s apologies was carried out. The methodology relies on   positive discourse analysis and grounded theory for performing a thematic analysis through linguistic coding.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The growth in the numbers of self-employed contractors working for just one company or franchisees constitute groups on the borders of dependent and self-employment. Defining non-standard forms of employment (cont.) Definitions across countries outside the European Union are not harmonised and are based on different approaches. For Korea, workers in temporary jobs include fixed-term jobs or jobs of a limited duration, which is close to so-called contingent workers, as well as other atypical workers, i.e. temporary agency workers, individual contract workers, at-home workers, on-call workers and others.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Coverage for 3-5-year-olds is above 70 per cent in most OECD countries and close to universal in some, whilst average coverage for 0-2-year-olds is only about 33 per cent, with important variations across countries.216 Coverage is particularly low among Eastern European countries, where public support for family-friendly policies declined significantly with the transition from state socialism to a market economy. In OECD countries, the average cost of full-time care for 2-year-old children is just over 16 per cent of average earnings, but this ranges from less than 5 per cent in Greece to over 30 per cent in Switzerland. Pre-primary enrolment for children in these two regions jumped by 30 and 21 percentage points, respectively, between 1999 and 2012.220 Figures 3.11 and 3.12 show, however, that in Latin America and the Caribbean, where more detailed data are available, average coverage for under-3s remains at very low levels and inequalities across income groups are significant.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
There are several programmes and initiatives which aim to strengthen patient safety work across the NHS: a network of 15 Patient Safety Coilaboratives, a Sign up to Safety Campaign, a Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch. Several specific programmes of safety work are also underway in the English NHS, including initiatives on pressure ulcers, antimicrobial resistance, mental health, etc. This is accompanied by an Indicators of Performance Direction, which sets out a range of performance indicators intended to improve Health and Social Care Trust performance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In fact, most education reform programmes are often linked to political dynamics. To date, such reforms are typically launched through a political or legal act. In most cases, countries prioritize aspects such as forging a common heritage and understanding of citizenship, instruction in particular language(s), and other meansof building capacities as well as popular support for party programmes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
But the long list of problems cited above also translates into significant costs for society as a whole. In addition, there is a significant cost to business and to economies as a whole in the lower skill levels and reduced productivity that are the inevitable result of a large number of children failing to develop to their potential. Finally, there is a cost that must be paid by all in the threat that bottom-end inequality poses to social cohesion and the quality of life in advanced industrial economies. “ Wide inequality,” says the 2010 report of the United Kingdom’s National Equity Panel “is eroding the bonds of common citizenship and recognition of human dignity across economic divides.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
For example, for some institutional investors, infrastructure investments are not viable, because, as alluded to in the previous paragraph, maturities make it impossible to comply with the capital and liquidity requirements stemming from existing regulation. If conducted responsibly, securitization would enable private sector investors to more actively take on climate-related projects as part of their portfolios. Report from the Nordic Conference on Green Investments and Nordic Pension Funds.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Klein and Wayman (2008) and Bauer (2011) found that training programmes improve both the economic and non-economic lives of women who own small and micro businesses. International networks, such as the World Association of Women Entrepreneurs (FCEM), have the potential for transferring knowledge and experience between North and South, and East and West. Finally, many top performing women entrepreneurs in growth-oriented firms have senior management experience in corporations, where they gained experience in leadership and acquired access to valuable networks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Part-time work and maternal employment after the first year of life more consistently have neutral or positive associations with children’s outcomes (Baum, 2003(1681, Berger, Hill and Waldfogel, 2005|i69j, Brooks-Gunn, Han and Waldfogel, 2002(170], Ruhm, 2004[ni]). Yet, the economic advantages of mothers entering the workforce for children’s outcomes may be isolated to early childhood: When mothers of older children and adolescents return to work, there do not appear to be benefits for children’s outcomes (Duncan, Magnuson and Votruba-Drzal, 2017(157]). These patterns of findings suggest two things.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
However, it can also inadvertently increase vulnerability, for example by concentrating assets in high-risk areas. Integrating climate into these choices can enhance resilience, thereby supporting development in a changing climate. As well as climate-proofing existing development objectives, this may require changes in the objectives themselves. Climate-resilient development thus implies a continuous and integrated process of addressing risks from current climate and preparing for future changes (Sperling et al., Thus, adaptation is understood as a process, while climate resilience describes the outcome of adaptation and other, often unrelated, socio-economic trends and policy choices.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Green Care is a nature-based concept that has evolved especially in the last decade. The development of the concept started especially in The Netherlands, Norway, Great Britain and Italy. It includes a broad array of activities that promotes both physical and mental well-being using nature and natural environments as means to achieve the intended benefits.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
From the perspective of policymakers, ongoing learning would be required for identification of the critical factors that either facilitate (e.g. policy frameworks that encourage livelihood practices that secure ecosystem services and wellbeing of communities) or impede desired livelihood strategies (e.g. corruption, policies disregarding interests of currently disenfranchised). By breaking the cycle of low skill jobs and poor income for workers, the livelihood choices of those who develop these skills would increase. To develop these livelihood activities, there is a need to secure land rights, address market barriers and develop critical business and technical skills. Facilitation of these skills, however, has to be done with understanding that indigenous communities themselves are uniquely knowledgeable about their traditional practices (farming, handicraft, traditional health, etc).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
In general, as economic development levels increase and/or the domestic financial systems mature, finance tends to be delivered through multilateral channels. However, a range of other factors also affect delivery of climate finance, such as geopolitical interests and historical relationship with finance providers. Given the data present a snapshot of 2013 and 2014, a few large-scale projects committed during the period could distort the overall picture. For instance, Armenia (e.g. infrastructure in energy, water and agriculture sectors supported by Germany) and Uzbekistan (e.g. large-scale power plants supported by Japan) receive a large portion of finance through bilateral channels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This project has now reached the stage where a single balloon can stay aloft for more than six months and when linked with an upstream telecommunications network can provide cellular service for an area of around 3,000 square kilometres. These principal steps and key enablers all depend on critical ICT infrastructure which need to be protected to underpin their functioning. This involves assessing risks in qualitative and quantitative terms, where possible modelling them with available data, while considering issues of financing and insurance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
However, reinforcement costs at the distribution level were not considered in this analysis, due to the lack of systematic data on this issue. With the ambitious 2020 renewable targets set by the European Commission and the recent decision taken by the German government to phase out nuclear energy, the North Sea becomes a key source for Germany's energy supply and energy security. A big challenge for Germany will be to properly connect the renewable production from the northern part of the country with the big industrial demand centres located at the southern part of the country. A study published in 2010 (Weigt et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It can be broken down by main user category. Energy is a key factor in economic development and in providing vital services that improve quality of life. Although energy is a key requirement for economic progress, its production, use and by-products have resulted in major pressures on the environment, both by depleting resources and by creating pollution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Moving from committed minimum wage policies to a much fairer distribution of productivity gains and profits should be a point of departure. We shall see, but no doubt this is what politics and social straggles will be all about in the years to come. The ability to cope with adverse shocks is compromised by the lack of formal social protection, and vulnerabilities are compounded when individuals working informally face harassment by public authorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The rise in the share of top-income recipients in total income is a sign that their capacity to pay tax increased and progressive tax reforms may thus be an effective tool. In particular, tax reforms that increase average tax rates without raising marginal rates (e.g. by scaling back tax reliefs) could enable greater redistribution without undue blunting of incentives. It can stifle upward social mobility, making it harder for talented and hard-working people to get the rewards they deserve.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Hai Phong should improve solid waste management in two ways: minimise damage to the local environment and public health, while making the most of the potential for growth. Major industrial waste includes: i) vamish products (paint, varnish, enamel glass), adhesives, sealants and printing inks, ii) waste oil, waste from liquid fuel, organic solvent waste, refrigerants and propellants, and iii) packing waste, sorbent, rags, filter materials, protective fabrics. In Hai Phong’s industrial zones, such as Nomura, Dinh Vu, Trang Due, south of Kien Bridge and Do Sonthese, industrial waste is collected and treated (mostly by burning, while gas and oils are recycled) by five private companies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Another BDS service that needs to be expanded is support to help women transfer their businesses from the informal sector to the formal sector. They could also leverage technology and social media as vehicles for providing support to women who wish to manage work schedules and family commitments more successfully by starting a home-based business. In addition, BDS staff directly involved in delivering training, advisory, counselling or other BDS services should be given opportunities to gain experience and knowledge and learn about best practices in the promotion and support of small businesses and women entrepreneurs in particular.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It begins with an exploration of the origins of cities providing an understanding of the main focus of urban policies. This is followed by an examination of urban planning challenges and possible ways to improve urban planning practice in the country. The largest section of this chapter focuses on possible responses to urban development challenges.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
According to Qatar, natural gas products still face significant trade barriers, such as high tariffs. Some members expressed their support for reducing barriers to natural gas trade. Several participants in the initiative updated the CTE on the negotiations. The need to accommodate the concerns of participants with different development levels was highlighted.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Never since the first oil crisis in the 1970s have the forest products markets experienced such a downturn. In response, some countries have implemented economic stimulus packages to tackle the crisis and to promote a move towards a greener economy. Even though a greening of the global economy, aiming at higher sustainability through the reduction of negative impacts on the environment and climate change, was already under way before the economic crisis, the crisis was seen as an incentive to some Governments to accelerate the process and earmark elements of their stimulus packages for green investment. The New Deal describes the greening of the economy as the “process of reconfiguring businesses and infrastructure to deliver better returns on natural, human and economic capital investments, while at the same time reducing greenhouse gas emissions, extracting and using fewer natural resources, creating less waste and reducing social disparities”.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
It might be important to implement higher cost options together with lower cost options, if the deployment of the former has the potential to reduce the longer-term costs of mitigation. These include 1) a contribution to increased energy security, reduced dependence from imported fossil fuels, 2) hedging against price volatility and long-term price increase of fossil fuels, 3) a contribution to the reduction of other pollutants and related risks arising from the use of other energy sources, 4) and a willingness to develop local employment, sometimes reinforced by a perception of the first mover's advantage. When it comes to overlapping C02 and RE policies, the additional cost imposed on the achievement of the C02 target by the RE policy instrument might be simply considered the cost of reaching the other objectives pursued by this policy instrument.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It can be limited through the development of transportation systems, land use policies that encourage increased density, and the fostering of economic linkages between large and medium-sized cities to create sites of further growth. New zoning rules and the provision of services to address the negative externalities of dense urban development may also be needed. Inter-city transportation systems can help the development of medium-sized cities to attract investment and growth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Since 2009, ACC’s largest credit allocations were for sowing and harvesting works, accounting for around 40% of the total amount of loans issued in 2009-11. Another type of credit opened recently consisted of concessional loans for government-supported investment projects (see below), as well as loans to livestock producers for the acquisition of cattle. Short-term loans provided by the CPs are used mainly for sowing and harvesting works. Credit for processing, storage, transportation, and input supplies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Continued innovation and evaluation of the models of care, especially in rural and remote areas, is also needed. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Reforms in 2011 (namely, Law 1438) sought to strengthen universal health coverage by placing preventive and primary care as the cornerstone of the Colombian health system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Furthermore, if the social and political pressures for groundwater management may come from national, state, or local levels, in general, local groundwater organisations and institutions are often the ones that are developing, implementing, and enforcing management mechanisms. Lastly, the relationship with the management of surface water is a critical aspect, especially in regions where they are used conjunctively with groundwater. They first provided a diagnostics, then proposed a framework for action.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Most of this is derived from imports of new and used equipment and a few local assembly plants. Locally derived generation is believed to constitute about 50% to 85% of total e-waste generation, the rest being from the transboundary illegal import from developed countries in the Americas and Europe, and from China (Secretariat of the Basel Convention, 2011). Annual domestic generation in Egypt (0.5 Mt), South Africa and Algeria (each 0.3 Mt) rank highest in the region.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Development co-operation’s support for market conditions can also take the form of encouraging good practices with standard contracts and verification of quality or providing the private sector with the confidence to invest in green growth by insuring the monetization of environmental results. One example of the latter is IDB’s Energy Savings Insurance model which provides compensation to firms if projected financial savings associated with specific energy efficiency technologies are not realized. The country is one of the most affected by climate change — the 2016 World Risk Report ranks it third most at risk worldwide — and has been prone to more frequent and severe extreme weather events over the years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Countries and cities of the region could focus attention on utilizing these resources for actual application and implementation. A broad coalition of development partners to support regional cities in implementing sustainable urban transport master plans would be a step in the right direction. An example of this approach is the Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative18 of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), the objective of which is to enable leaders to plan and implement sustainable mobility concepts. Depending on the need for travel, a journey usually involves more than one mode of transport. The integration of urban transport modes is essential to promoting smooth intermodal transfer. When there are two operators of different transport systems, integrated ticketing makes it more efficient as well as convenient for users, and many cities are now following this approach.20The physical interface between modes, infrastructure and facilities at intermodal junctions should allow smooth transfer of passengers and goods from one mode to another.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
There is a now longstanding debate concerning the origin of the notion of subjective rights and their definition. Subjective rights as ‘possessive individualism’ should be distinguished from active and claim rights nonetheless objectively grounded. The latter gain ground in the Middle Ages in essential continuity with classical objectivist notions of justice as ‘right order’ that remained influential in practice into the 18th century. The former represents a serious rupture promoted largely in the first place by Franciscan theology well before early modernity. This model is dangerous because it seeks to evade the fundamental question of distribution and does not truly uphold personal dignity. Notions of ‘right order’ and distributive justice safeguard the values of the West, whereas foundational ‘human rights’ tend to erode them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
New extensions to several lines of the network are being planned in the near future by STC. The National Plan for Infrastructure 2014-2018 also establishes the commitment of the federal government to provide funding for the extension of Line A, which connects Mexico City and the State of Mexico (to be opened by 2017). Microbuses and RTP services were replaced by trolley buses in major avenues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The victim of crime is an agent of power. Following the governmentality literature and Foucault’s genealogical method, the victim has participated in power relations with various institutions of the Crown and state over the course of common law justice since Norman Conquest. The gradual transfer, negotiation and organisation of victim power under the Crown and state leads to the conclusion, in the context of governmentality, that the victim is indeed a powerful agent of change. The victim thus exercises significant discursive power leading to the formation of criminal law and justice as an institution of control. The reconceptualisation of criminal law and justice follows as a consequence.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The approach of the European Court of Human Rights to cases of religiously offensive expression is inconsistent and unsatisfactory. A critical analysis of the Court’s jurisprudence on blasphemy, religious insult and religious hatred identifies three problems with its approach in this field. These are: the embellishment and over-emphasis of freedom of religion, the use of the margin of appreciation and the devaluing of some forms of offensive speech. Nevertheless, it is possible to defend a more coherent approach to the limitation of freedom of expression under the European Convention of Human Rights, designed to protect religious liberty in a narrower category of cases.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)