albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
For further information see “Guidance on commissioning targeted mental health and emotional well-being services in schools” (Department for Education, 2010a) and “Me and My School” (Department for Education, 2010b). The 4-tier system describes the services that should be available at different levels of need, responding to different complexities of demand, but both the affected child or adolescent and the CAMHS teams should be able to move between these tiers so that the most appropriate services are accessed and delivered. Support from an early intervention team is for a limited amount of time, usually three years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The share of deprived children rises to 82 per cent in rural areas, while it decreases to 53 per cent in urban settings. Children in rural areas are also more severely deprived: the average intensity of deprivation {A) is 32 per cent in urban areas, and 41 in rural settings. However, substantial differences persist between the rural and the urban distribution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In 2015, Belarus submitted its sixth National Communication. But these practices created uneven age structure and species composition in re-established forests. As a result, Belarusian forests are relatively young and without the full genetic stock of old growth forest systems. Young, low diversity forests tend to be less resistant to pests and diseases as well as climate change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This price can vary as a result of negotiations between the concessionaires and the buyers. This in turn reveals the need for measures to reduce production costs, and to consolidate new sales strategies and optimal marketing channels to help make the chain more profitable. It is alarming that, despite the rich and varied forestry wealth existing in Peten and practically throughout Guatemala, and the application of sustainable exploitation programmes such as the concessions model in the RBM, the country's forestry industry imports timber from neighbouring countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This article investigates the possibility of studying modern organizations with the feudal model. We introduce feudalism as an ideal type and explain why it is necessary for understanding organizations. The model synthesizes several perspectives on intra-organizational conflict. After defining the feudal model and tracing its theoretical roots, we review several empirical studies to identify the conditions under which feudal conflicts arise. These factors include decentralization, structural interdependence, uncertainty and informal power. The feudal model highlights several overlooked aspects of organizations, including personal relations, the manipulation of formal rules, bribery, corruption and sabotage. However, given the model's limitations, we propose a “segmented approach” to social analysis, which emphasizes the need for multiple models to explain any organization, past or present.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The Routledge Companion to Business History is a definitive work of reference, and authoritative, international source on business history. Compiled by leading scholars in the field, it offers both researchers and students an introduction and overview of current scholarship in this expanding discipline. Drawing on a wealth of international contributions, this volume expands the field and explores how business history interacts theoretically and methodologically with other fields. It charts the origins and development of business history and its global reach from Latin America and Africa, to North America and Europe. With this multi-perspective approach, it illustrates the unique contribution of business history and its relationship with a range of other disciplines, from finance and banking to gender issues in corporations. The Routledge Companion to Business History isa vital source of reference for students and researchers in the fields of business history, corporate governance and business ethics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Eurobarometer data allow analysing treatment rates of workers with mental disorders according to their absence behaviour and reduced productivity while at work. Employees with reduced productivity due to an emotional or psychological problem have much higher treatment rates (around 40%) than those with sickness absences (around 20%) or those neither absent from work nor at work with reduced productivity (around 10%) (Figure 3.6). The high treatment rates of those at work while struggling with their work performance have not been given much attention by either research or policy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
For example, in Australia, separate funding became available for Herceptin, and a similar arrangement is available in France. In Germany, cancer drugs are paid on a DRG basis or through “specific additional payments” (Zusatzentgelte). In the Netherlands, the pharmacy units in hospitals were previously responsible for pharmaceutical purchases, and hospitals with a pharmacy unit that managed to purchase innovative drugs at lower prices were able to use these drugs more than other hospitals, leading to cross-hospital variations in the availability of expensive pharmaceuticals. But due to pressure from patient groups, in 2002/03 the Ministry of Health became responsible for 80% of the costs related to the purchase of expensive pharmaceuticals to insurance companies, with the rest paid by the hospitals and pharmacy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In an extreme case, all of the income differences between strata in those dimensions (or changes in quintile composition according to those dimensions) could be due to the different education structures in those strata. But there is evidence suggesting that the variables reflecting different characteristics of the production structure (such as the two mentioned earlier) help explain the differences in income among employed persons, regardless of education level. These negative perceptions could stand in the way of a social covenant based on equality and should be taken account of in any strategy' aimed at expanding guarantees and core rights for the population.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
At the European Union level there are still over 30 different standards. In the section on lessons from current mechanisms, this study identifies the difficulties of establishing a common verification and certification protocol for the financing of projects. Moreover, the frame of mind of an industry' executive is set on profit enhancing, not savings, which usually plays to the detriment of energy efficiency. The fact is that the scattered nature and the size of EE projects make it difficult to envisage a monitoring of every project independently.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
If the energy supply is not based on renewable energy, their carbon emissions will not decrease by connecting to the grid. In these cases, decentralized energy plants can ensure a sustainable energy supply dimensioned to the specific demand of the hotel and/or restaurant. In the shortterm, investments in green initiatives can nevertheless increase prices in the tourist sectors. An example of this is the winter resort complex "Aspen Snowmass" located in Colorado, USA. Aspen Snowmass has developed an energy plan and implemented a wide range of measures with the aim of cutting emissions by 10% by 2012 and 25% by 2020.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
While 97% of the population is connected to water supply infrastructure, compared to a global average of 86%, (UN, 2012) the actual provision of water belies the high rate of access. Utilities regularly disrupt water supply to cope with the overwhelming demand and it is not uncommon for some parts of Jordan to receive water only once a week. As a result, groundwater abstraction is far above replenishment levels and hundreds of illegal water wells are used across the country (MoPIC, 2011).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Common weaknesses in donor programmes included unsystematic or incomplete needs assessments, weak project management and project governance structures, insufficient synergies with broader development assistance programmes, and insufficient donor co-ordination. The EU also notes that ‘in response to partner countries’ own trade-related priorities, in the context of poverty reduction strategies, it will help facilitate, implement and adjust to trade reform and liberalization paying specific attention to their impact on poverty reduction’ (EU 2009: 7). An initial analysis of trade-related assistance evaluations found a lack of measurable objectives and indicators in programme documents as well as difficulty in attributing results (OECD 2006).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In July 2007, the earthquake at Kashiwasaki Kariwa caused the shutdown of seven power plants, BWR and ABWR, two units resumed operations in 2009 and two in 2010. Also, in March 2011, the earthquake and tsunami caused the permanent shutdown of four units at the nuclear site of Fukushima Daiichi and the temporary shutdown of several nuclear power plants in Japan. In Europe, two BWRs were shut down in Germany in 2008 and 2009. More recently, following the Fukushima Daiichi accident, eight units have been permanently shut down in Germany.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The reform of higher education includes portfolio management, fostering strengths and profiles, and allocation of much university investment to a few selected fields. Targeted investments of the Federal Institutes of Technology and National Research Programmes have a long tradition. The Innovation Promotion Agency (CTI) also engages in funding priority areas in key technologies such as nanotechnology and medical technologies. Experience with P/PPs for research and innovation indicates that they can be an effective focusing device for the allocation of resources with industry participation, and thus contribute to priority setting in new ways. The approach may be (partly) top-down, e.g. defining certain thematic areas (sometimes in rather broad terms), or it may adopt thematically open, bottom-up procedures which have proven fruitful in revealing developments within the innovation system, e.g. through the appearance of multidisciplinary consortia engaging in novel types of joint research.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This should be eased with the completion of the fourth bridge over the Yenisei, which is now under construction. Transport policies designed at different levels of government and implemented at different territorial scales cannot be considered in isolation. Regulatory, financial and administrative powers are clearly attributed to the different levels of government (Table 3.3), but policies are not always well co-ordinated and integrated.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
And it will most likely entail a series of deliberate and explicit steps incrementally induced over time. Diluting harmful social norms may require - to borrow from an old Persian saying - ‘death by a thousand cuts’, i.e. small or incremental changes being made across multiple fronts, none of which is seen as socially damaging by itself, but which over time leads to the demise of the harmful social norm and its replacement with social norms that enhance women’s and girls’ opportunities, not distract from them. These actions, illustrated in Chapter 6, will need to be carried out across a broad range of social, economic and political arenas where women’s rights are being limited.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This paper aimed to explain public financial governance based on good governance implementation in Jakarta Provincial Government. This paper specifically discussed towards transparancy implementation of local budget (APBD) through open data portal that publishes budget data to public. In general, financial transparency through open data has met Transparency 2.0 standards, namely the existence of encompassing, one-stop, one-click budget accountability and accessibility. But there are indeed some shortcomings that are still a concern in order to continue to maintain commitment to the principle of transparency, namely by updating data through consistent data visualization.Transparency of public finance needs to continue to be developed and improved through various innovations to maintain public trust in the government.   Keywords:  Public Finance, Open Data, Transparency
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Financial sanctions may be increased if the perpetrator fails to pay a fine and fails to restore the situation to its previous state (in which case the authority may double the fine) or the same administrative offence is repeated within two years (in which case the fine may be increased to the upper limit). Withdrawals of a permit or bans on the performance of a particular activity as a result of administrative offence are used sporadically. The code recognises eight kinds of crimes against the environment, including jeopardising and damaging the environment, unauthorised handling of waste, and poaching. Natural persons (individuals) and legal persons (companies) have been liable for administrative offences, but until 2005 only natural persons could be held liable for criminal offences. Types of non-compliance responses in Slovakia (cont.)
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The quintile shares and concentration coefficients reported in table 2 suggests that in Latin America (but similar results are obtained in other regions) all components of social expenditure are less concentrated than private income. Expenditures on primary education and social assistance are found to be strongly progressive, and those on secondary education and health care mildly progressive or proportional. Similarly, social security outlays (for example, pensions and unemployment benefits) are not progressive as they focus on formal sector workers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
It will be important for local adapters to be able to produce lower-cost versions of imported technologies and adapt imported technologies to domestic markets and circumstances. In the Hyogo Framework for Action and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the international community identified the need for external financial support for local adaptation and disaster resilience efforts, including through the mobilization of resources for dedicated multilateral funding. Scaling up and reforms require action in three areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Source: Burtraw et al., Photovoltaics and wind are essentially emission-free energy sources at the use stage, but impacts over the life cycle occur. ( Since fossil fuel combustion is the primary source of both GHG, and local and regional air pollution, there are obvious synergies between these two areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
It has therefore been suggested that cultivating alternative sources of transport financing should be a priority. The periods on the xaxis correspond to the seven 5-year economic development plans, which were first launched in 1962 and terminated in 1997. However, more recently, the share of its total public investment devoted to transport infrastructure decreased from 8.2% to 6.6% between 2006 and 2015. Railways - and especially high-speed railways - have also gradually surfaced back as an alternative response to car-centred development and to the side effects of the latter, such as congestion and environmental degradation.4 The high-speed Korea Train eXpress (KTX), first inaugurated in 2004, handled 42.3% of total rail traffic in 2010.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
For the moment, in neither country are overseas residents able to play a direct role in the national political systems, but in both contexts they have influence on them and on national economies. Given the significance of remittances, that is appropriate. My wife works for a bank. So it does in many ways and has done for half a century.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The same index can be applied to occupational distributions. Table 3.A1.1 summarises how these components are obtained based on 2000 and 2010 population census data on the labour force (LF). Similarly, retirees are those in the labour force who were aged 45 and above in 2000 minus those aged 55 and above in 2010 (temporary withdrawals and re-entries prior to definitive retirement are implicitly netted out). The change in the size of the prime-age group equals the labour force aged 35-54 in 2010 minus the labour force aged 25-44 in 2000. Finally, the number of new immigrants is calculated as immigrants with duration of residence of less than five years, and such immigrants are excluded from the other components to avoid double counting. As can be verified from the table, these four components add up to the labour force in both 2000 and 2010.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
In this way, the vulnerability of the economy to natural hazards and extreme weather events can be reduced. As such it suggests itself in particular to SIDS under the Mauritius Strategy for the further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States. Laws are passed and regulations are promulgated in various spheres, but enforcement is often lax and too often apparently non-existent.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
All students can benefit because they learn to respect and to value each other’s abilities and experiences, as well as patience, tolerance and understanding. Adopting inclusive education means to manage differences among students by recognising their strengths and weaknesses, planning lessons effectively, using teaching strategies and adapting the curriculum to fit each student’s ability and background. It also means knowing how to mobilise other teachers, parents, community members and other professionals to provide a good quality education to all students.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This article was presented at the conference “A Nordic Approach to International Law?” held in Oslo in August 2015 as a part of a panel on “Nordic Judges of International Courts”. It studies the Nordic judges of the Permanent Court of International Justice and its successor the International Court of Justice with a view to assessing whether common traits in their voting practice exist that might support the idea of ‘a Nordic approach to international law’. In light of the relatively limited available material, however, the article has no grander aspiration than to describe the engagement of Nordic judges with the World Court and to provide examples of their respective approaches to treaty interpretation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Some of the most significant reductions have been recorded in Brazil, thanks to effective policy measures to induce formalisation (to be discussed in the final section of the chapter). It highlights some clear patterns. First, informality is only slightly more common among women than it is among men.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Integration is too often sought through a juxtaposition of programmes involving complementarities, rather than through incentive structures that have built-in integration dynamics. There is a desire to increase co-ordination between government bodies that manage support programmes aimed at nurturing the linkages between the research and enterprise communities. However, this co-ordination is rarely, if at all, implemented through joint management and financing procedures between responsible departments from different ministries or agencies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In April 2006 the UNHCR published Guidelines on the application of the Refugees Convention to people who have been trafficked. While there is little doubt that trafficked people are subjected to serious violations of their basic rights and interests, the applicability of the Convention is problematic because they do not fit easily into any of the categories recognised by the Convention as giving rise to an entitlement to refugee status. The Guidelines adopt the definition of trafficking contained in the Palermo Protocol to the UN Convention on Transnational Organised Crime 2000. The various elements of the refugee definition are then analysed for their relevance to trafficking. The Guidelines show that the Refugees Convention may be applicable, but in limited cases, particularly through the possibility of victims of trafficking being members of a particular social group.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This chapter explores the interaction between terrorism suppression and international humanitarian law in the context of domestic terrorism prosecutions. The chapter sketches the relevant terrorism suppression treaty regime and explores the possible interpretations which should be given to regime interaction clauses therein. In particular, this chapter argues that the interaction between terrorism suppression and international humanitarian law dictated by treaty results in both a floor and a ceiling on the exercise of domestic criminal jurisdiction – creating international law limitations on the right of State Parties to criminalise acts of war as ‘terrorism’.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This complexity and ambiguity leads to delays in project development, as actors cannot decide which one takes precedence, or how to harmonise both classifications (Wilson, 2016). It also creates serious administrative burden for cities’ officials who operationalise land use changes, BOLUCs and LURCs. Following the formal procedures, development projects have to wait for and comply with a series of land use plans at different scales and from different institutions (see Box 2.16).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Consequently, large developers withdrew their interest in the site and some new guidelines were established to react to the changing conditions - namely, office space was removed and DIY builders were encouraged. Writing on the Dutch spatial planning system in the late 1980s, Needham remarked “it is probably not so much the plan itself that brings about a co-ordinated Dutch physical planning strategy, but much more the exceptional talents of the Dutch to reach compromises” (1989). The idea of a planning doctrine has been forwarded to explain this consensus-oriented approach - the idea that Dutch spatial planning actors have embraced interrelated and durable notions about spatial arrangements, development and how they are to be handled (Faludi, 1989, Faludi and van der Valk, 2013: 18).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The updated NOS and certification will be used by educational and industry partners to provide industry recognised competencies and credentials to students and workers in the tourism sector. In addition, CTHRC will develop and implement a standards-based accreditation process to ensure that tourism educational programmes met industry quality expectations. Related to this work, and to help bring people with the right skills to the tourism sector, the European Commission has identified a detailed list of the specific skills and competences related to the main jobs and qualifications characterising three sub-sectors of the tourism industry, namely adventure, blue and cultural tourism, in order to improve and increase job matching at European level (Box 16).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)