albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Pastoralists are estimated to constitute 25 per cent of the national population of 38.6 million (based on the 2009 census), while the members of the largest individual community of hunter-gatherers is approximately 79,000 (Kenyan National Bureau of Statistics, 2016). Both pastoralists and hunter-gatherers face insecurity with respect to land and resource tenure, poor service delivery, poor political representation, discrimination and exclusion. At the same time, the pastoralists' identity and culture contributes to Kenya's cultural diversity, national economy and conservation of biodiversity (Kaunga, 2005). However, boarding schools have had their own problems, ranging from inadequate care of the children and increased education costs (as many boarding schools were privately run by missionaries) to an increased incidence of pregnancies, resulting in higher school dropout rates for girls.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Organising the administration of justice before the civil courts in an adequate manner is a complicated task. First, there are the legitimate claims of thoroughness and high quality in the adjudication of civil matters that need to be taken into consideration, since these guarantee a just outcome of the civil lawsuit and finally the observance of the rule of law in a given jurisdiction. At the same time efficiency, timeliness and costs are central issues. Unfortunately, thoroughness and high quality do not necessarily go hand in hand with efficiency, timeliness and low costs and, therefore, it is the task of the lawmaker, the Judiciary and also the parties and their counsel to balance the various interests involved in the civil action.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Table 5.1 shows these geological regions, along with the undiscovered, technically recoverable oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids for each region. Note that these regions include countries and territorial waters beyond those considered in this report. These four regions account for approximately 5 per cent of the undiscovered oil and gas in the Caribbean and South America combined.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The issue of police liability for a negligent failure to prevent crime is discussed. It is argued that the public policy exclusion is based on a weak premise and that resort to it reveals a serious gap in police accountability as well as grave injustice for the victim. The issue is discussed in the context of the U.K. House of Lords' decision in 'Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex'.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Administrative decentralization to government agencies (so-called ‘agencification’) has attracted much attention in recent years, increasingly for its longevity or evolution after the ‘high’ managerialism of the 1980s, and largely through a neo-positivist epistemology. Drawing on techniques of narrative and discourse analysis, and a model of incremental ideational change, this article identifies the necessity of supplementing those existing large-N analyses of agencification's expansion and decline with qualitative attention to the endurance of policy meaning. It demonstrates how the original foundations of managerialism, civil service empowerment and decentralization from the UK's seminal ‘Next Steps’ agency programme are eschewed in contemporary reform discourse, where agencification is instead advocated as centralized, politically proximate and departmentalized governance. This substantial reinterpretation of the arm's-length concept not only challenges existing claims of continuity in UK administrative policy, but also demonstrates the utility of interpretive methods for exploring longevity in public management more widely.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Rather they are projections whose purpose here is to explore how ocean-based industries might evolve in the next couple of decades on the basis of a set of underlying assumptions, e.g. on economic growth, environmental degradation and technological innovation. Maritime and coastal tourism, including the cruise industry, is expected to take the largest share (26%), followed by offshore oil and gas exploration and production w'ith 22% and port activities w'ith 16%. In 2030, the ocean-based industries in the business-as-usual scenario are anticipated to employ more than 40 million (roughly the size of Germany’s labour force), representing more than 1% of the global w'orkforce of around 3.8 billion people (including part-time, self-employed and unemployed people).1 A majority would be working in the industrial capture fisheries sector and maritime and coastal tourism industry. More than half of the ocean-based industries are projected to see their value-added rise more quickly than that of the global economy. Almost all of these industries would see employment growth outpace that in the world economy as a whole.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
These areas are covered in the next three sections of this chapter. Properly accounting for this risk in financial evaluations could help better allocate capital to low-carbon, climate-resilient assets, or even encourage divestment from more carbon-intensive assets. The effects of the recent drop in oil prices on investors’ portfolios are a striking example of this phenomenon.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The White Paper presents a framework within which the EU and its Member States can prepare for the impacts of climate change. The framework will evolve as further evidence becomes available. It will complement actions by Member States and support wider international efforts to adapt to climate change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Lastly, the region's competitiveness relies on acquired positions rather than on dynamic positioning. Advancity and Moveo are major clusters devoted to green growth and clean technologies. Advancity, for its part, deals with the sustainable growth of cities, starting with their characteristics as they relate to habitat, mobility and territorial organisation. It brings together nearly 100 organisations, public and private. The region is also boosting its firepower in the area of sustainable mobility with Moveo, an automotive cluster with 300 member firms that are developing electric or hybrid vehicles. Other clusters focus on different industries, but can have a significant impact on eco-innovation: OECD research has demonstrated that in the area of green technologies, innovation at both the national and regional level is often the result of work in sectors far removed from the environmental industries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
For most services, the actual consumption approach will be the most appropriate, if actual beneficiaries can be identified. In some cases an insurance value approach may be applicable or even preferable. Such an approach imputes the “insurance value” of coverage to each person based on specific characteristics (such as age, sex, socio-economic position).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The SEE average score for this indicator w'as 1.8 (Figure 12.12), suggesting that all SEE economies have much work to do to facilitate optimal cross-border trade in electricity. The SEE CAO continues to develop rules to harmonise cross-border capacity calculations in electricity and is working with NRAs to determine the cause of lack of consistency and irregularities in some of the measures calculated. The WB6 initiative is relatively new but is already seen as an important policy driver for the economies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
A value of zero indicates that there is no difference between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged schools in how concerned principals are about the educational staff at school, and positive values (higher equity) indicate that principals' in socio-economically advantaged schools are more concerned than principals in disadvantaged schools. For example, schools with large special education programmes and more teaching assistants tend to have more teachers, but the schools' high student-teacher ratio has no impact on the size of regular classes. In addition, the amount of preparation time per day allotted to teachers may vary across schools and across school systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The Ministry of Health plans additional supplementary incentives to improve healthcare access, limit extra billing, and foster the uptake of IT systems in practices, but P4P schemes could also be expanded further. Bundled payments could also be developed for nurses, midwives and physiotherapists, as outpatient prescriptions and spending for these care activities have increased rapidly, driven largely by hospital prescriptions (Figure 13, Panel A). Indeed, such prescriptions are less restrained than for other medical expenditures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This article develops an argument on the type of implications a theory of global justice as impartiality would generate for global institutions. The main conclusion is that a theory of citizenship including political obligations towards fellow citizens could be used as a basis for a theory of global citizenship with duties towards fellow human beings. The article ends with a sketch of improvements to existing institutions like the United Nations and the Human rights doctrine, especially the inclusion of the aim of democracy in international law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
A strong policy focus on education and training pays off, particularly in the shift from low- to high-skilled labour demand due to automation in the manufacturing sector. New skills and well-educated workers are essential for optimal implementation and operation of new technologies. Thus, policymakers should prioritise and increase public investment in education infrastructure to effectively deal with the challenges of new technology implementation. As automation may have negative effects on employment in labour-intensive industries, special emphasis should be placed on retraining and redeployment measures for workers who have lost their jobs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The use of force has been prohibited in international relations since at least the United Nations Charter, 1945. Article 2 (4) of the Charter states:All members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the United Nations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This was clear when the United Nations convened the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012. The outcome document, “The future we want” makes references to the role of the private sector in promoting inclusive and sustainable development in various paragraphs. We support national regulatory and policy frameworks that enable business and industry to advance sustainable development initiatives, taking into account the importance of corporate social responsibility.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
The premium is calculated on the basis of an actuarial estimation of the risk and value of the indemnities. Agricultural insurance can help farmers to manage production shocks, but it cannot protect them from price risks. Its attractiveness for farmers will depend on the risk profile of the farmer, including all the sources of risk.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Principle 5 of the WEPs specifically encourages companies to expand their business relationships with women-run enterprises and women entrepreneurs. The ITC-led Women Vendors Exhibition and Forum provide Global Compact participants and WEPs signatories with an opportunity to implement Principle 5 of the WEPs while building relationships with competitive women-owned businesses from around the world. The UN Global Compact has widely featured ITC’s Standards Map as a leading practice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The sections that follow present the type of data involved in gender statistics, measures of composition and distribution used in gender statistics and the types of gender indicators that can be constructed using those measures. Some of the dissemination products are part ofthe regular production of a statistical office and are aimed at making available data collected in censuses, sample surveys or compiled from administrative records. They usually concern one type of data source or one statistical field and are intended for specialists who wish to further analyse the results of censuses or surveys or to carry out research on specific topics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Urban water supply schemes reach over 27% in Orissa and 0% in Punjab and Karnataka. Private financial resources could account for 30% of revenues, with 25% through direct expenses in groundwater extraction and 5% via water user charges for surface irrigation. The revenue from public budgets can vary significantly from year to year and from planned to actual.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Enrolment among children aged 3-6 years increased from 70% in 2005 to 87% in 2015. Enrolment in primary and lower secondary education is universal: in 2015, the net enrolment rate in primary education was 100%, and 98.3% in lower secondary' education (Statistics Lithuania, 2016). Lithuania’s level of participation in upper secondary education is among the highest in OECD and partner countries: in 2014, 93% of 15-19 year-olds were enrolled in educational institutions, compared with 84% on average across OECD countries (OECD, 2016a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Activities carried out by the CAMe will be supported by federal yearly funds (MXN 42 million in 2015), and a fund integrated with resources allocated by state-level governments from the inspection and maintenance programmes. This mechanism substituted for the funds allocated to the CAM from the gasoline charge. The public enterprise Ruta 100 was dissolved in 1995, mostly because of financial problems, and the industry turned back to private operators.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Some attempts have been made at decoupling the fuel energy that goes towards electricity production and desalination. A previous ESCWA report on desalination quoted die energy attributable to desalination in a cogeneration plant as 162 MJ/m3 for MSF plants.40 Another study calculates the energy costs attributable to cogeneration desalination for MSF and MED as 170 MJ/m3 and 96 MJ/m3, respectively.41 Table 4 shows the energy amount and type required by RO, MSF and MED plants (stand-alone and cogeneration). While oil is used for illustration purposes, other fuels can also be used to power desalination.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The target set by the government was that, by 2014, 1.2 million children would be receiving comprehensive care from De Cero a Siempre. Institutional care is offered by entities (Child Centres and Breastfeeding Mother and Pre-school Centres), primarily to children aged two to six years old. Family care is directed to pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers (up to six months) and children up to two years old, primarily living in rural or dispersed areas, with difficult access to institutional care centres.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Bordered by Croatia and Montenegro at the coast, its coastal area is 24 km long, with a jagged coastline at Neum Bay and Klek Peninsula. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a population of about 3.5 million people, of which about 500,000 live in the Adriatic Sea discharge basin. The coastal region belongs to the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, encompassing an area of 3,318 km2 and nine municipalities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The growth effects of infrastructure depend on where infrastructure investments take place, and how these investments are planned, executed and sequenced. The links between infrastructure and transformation are best forged when infrastructure projects are clearly designed and placed as part of a wider development strategy that recognizes and actively fosters the positive feedback loops between infrastructure, productivity and growth. These experiences provide an effective counter to the bankability approach, since they show that development strategies are not best pursued through emphasis on individual projects determined solely by criteria of financial viability.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This article reconceptualises the meaning of critical theory and its tools of emancipation and critique within the subjective content of cross-cultural literature, globalisation and learning organisation. The first part of the article reviews literature on globalisation and learning companies. The second part discusses the critical approach and formulates a practical research design which enables a researcher to examine problematic concerns involved in the creation of democratic learning companies globally. The third part of the article discusses possible micro emancipatory projects in this area using a critical design.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The authors discuss the ambiguities surrounding allusions often made to global energy governance, focusing mainly on the question of energy transit. They discuss how the issue has been sanctioned in various regimes in international law (including the UN Convention on the Law of the Seas, the Energy Charter Treaty and Article V of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). They go further to expatiate on the complexities of this governance regime that is rendered even more convoluted by regional energy transit provisions included in important regional treaties such as those of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the European Union (EU).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
These are all steps in the right direction. After decades in which PHC was largely neglected, cultural shifts in the medical as well as the political mind-sets will take time. Long-term efforts are still required to move from a hospital and disease-based approaches to health care toward person-based and community-based approaches (OECD, 2012b).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In view of the increase in cross-border investment participation in securities markets as well as the number of potential mergers and collaborations between the securities exchanges of different countries, it is important to have an overview of the different approaches taken by various jurisdictions in regulating the securities industry. This paper contrasts the different approaches taken to regulate insider trading in several common law countries in the Asia-Pacific region, namely, Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore. Its focus is on how the regulations in these countries, in relation to their target group and the sanctions that are prescribed, reflect the different legal theories associated with insider trading. Problems associated with providing suitable sanctions that are both consistent with these theories and practicably workable are also discussed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Water filters for hand-washing stations in Indonesia. These sensors use Wi-Fi or cellular via GSM using a local SIM card (in East Africa, Airtel or MTN or Safaricom offer data plans for around US$6-10 a month to transmit data). The data is then integrated into SWEETData™, an Internet database monitoring summary statistics on performance and usage to front-end users.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Research found that students who opted for the apprenticeship track do not feel well prepared for the labour market. The apprenticeship track contains 30% general education, while the technical track has 60%. According to government sources, the dropout rate in apprenticeships is high, and the government is concerned that occupations that used to be covered by this track will not find sufficient numbers of skilled workers in the future. Improving the quality of teaching, the relevance of different options as well as the quality of and access to workplace training can help strengthen this pathway.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Moreover, the unspoiled coastal vistas are an important part of what makes the area attractive to new residents and new firms and is the base of a significant tourism industry'. The fact that w'ater and wetlands cover a large part of the area also limits the amount of potentially developable land, which further exacerbates tensions among competing land uses. Crucially, there is a strong desire to see economic growth continue, but also a recognition that better land management is necessary' to maintain a high quality of life that will contribute to future growth. Because it is a coastal zone, national "‘spatial planning and urbanism laws” that are applicable in coastal and mountainous areas apply.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In the majority of the 67 countries with data from 2009 to 2015, fewer than a third of senior- and middle-management positions were held by women. Without quality, sustainable water resources and sanitation, progress in many other areas across the SDGs, including health, education and poverty reduction, will also be held back. Northern Africa and Western Asia, as well as Central and Southern Asia, experience water stress levels above 60 per cent, indicating the strong probability of future water scarcity. To achieve this Goal, bolder financing and policies will be needed, along with the willingness of countries to embrace new technologies on a much more ambitious scale.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
But when sociologist Donald Flemandez applied a '50% of median income’ poverty line to contemporary census data he found that the percentage of the population living below this level was 32%.' Again, the idea that poverty should be defined in relative terms was not intended, and Orshansky drew the line at a fixed number of dollars. But Census Bureau data for 1963 show that the ’Orshansky line’ of $3000 for a family or $1500 for an individual corresponded to approximately 50% of median US income at the time.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Good governance is required by society to create a government free of corruption, collusion, and nepotism. According to this study, individual morality and internal control impact accounting trends in Makassar City Regional Work Units. This study's data was obtained directly from the source without the use of intermediaries, namely by taking the data to the Makassar City Regional Revenue agency office and processing it using a Direct Questionnaire with 43 respondents as research objects. Hypothesis testing using the data analysis technique used, multiple linear regression with the Statistical Package for Social Science, was used for the analysis method (SPSS). According to hypothesis testing results, individual Morality and Internal Control have a negative and significant effect on the Tendency of Fraud Accounting. The study's findings are expected to lead to a greater focus on individual morality and internal control systems to reduce accounting fraud.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The new Education and Training Policy makes provisions for readmissions of girls to school after they have given birth. In the case of Uganda, the National Strategy to end Child Marriage and Teenage Pregnancy (NSCM & TP) 2014/2015-2019/2020, a joint effort between the government of Uganda and UNICEF, highlights the need for amendment and consolidation of marriage laws. It also notes that the ‘current widespread resistance to reforms in marriage laws proposed by the Marriage and Divorce Bill tabled in the 9th parliament underscores the deeply entrenched social norms and expectations of marriage, as well as male bias.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)