albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Such courses can offer personalized curricula, with students able to set their own pace. When used effectively, these new learning processes can provide young people with skills that are relevant to industry and forward-looking. However, such training should be developed at an early stage in the design of production facilities. This requires companies to cooperate more with higher education institutions.146 Developing training programmes and curricula should take place at the same time as retraining teachers and trainers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Post-war Rwanda and Afghanistan, for example, have seen better access for women to representation in political institutions (i.e. parliament). This complexity applies to all categories of global civil society organizations: liberal humanitarian and relief organizations, politically or financially coopted organizations and militarily embedded organizations. Liberal humanitarian organizations are more likely to promote a progressive gender agenda and may positively interact with local civil society, but can also reiterate hegemonic power relations on the base of culture, race and class.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
While there is a clear distinction between 'data' and 'statistics', data being the information from which statistics are created, the term ‘gender data' is increasingly accepted as a legitimate alternative. Both are used interchangeably in the report. Together, these indicators monitor varying dimensions of gender equality but not all of them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Policies to promote investment in health thus form an important component of any strategy to facilitate socioeconomic mobility. Under certain conditions, inequality can contribute to social instability and undermine trust. This is particularly the case where the gap between rich and poor is large and continuing to grow. The result has been greater social stratification and residential segregation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Metadata are critical, with a clear need to present inclusions and exclusions and any supplementary social support programs or policies that are relevant to the low pay data. Alternative sources are necessary within the EU. Lee, Sangheon and Kristen Sobeck, 2012: "Low-wage work: A global perspective", International Labour Review 151 (2012), pp.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
At this time it is estimated that about 2/3 of all the children born died within the first year of life (Figure 1). The recent eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in 2010 reminds us, once again, what an impact a volcanic eruption can have on the livelihood of children and families living in its vicinity as well as on global air traffic. Development of infant mortality rates in Iceland by historical milestones.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
In 2010 only 566 429 children under the age of five were enrolled in comprehensive ECEC in Colombia, by 2014 the number reached by the strategy had risen to 1 040 351. The goal is to increase enrolment in ECEC to 2.4 million for children under 5 years old (the government subsequently revised to 2 million children aged up to five years), and to ensure that 100% of children in extreme poverty participate in ECEC by 2018. These changes include the creation of the Undersecretariat of Early Childhood Education and the expansion of access to early childhood education through the creation of new early childhood education centres that fulfil new standards of quality'.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Standard errors are in parentheses. In particular, while discriminatory family code confirms our previous results on the negative relationship between gender inequality and female migration in the selection equation, restricted civil liberties exhibit a positive effect. This may be explained by lower access to the public sphere encouraging women to escape elsewhere to enjoy more civil liberties.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Despite the slower growth rate, aquaculture will still remain one of the fastest growing sectors when compared to other food-producing systems. The share of aquaculture in total fishery production should grow from an average of 42% in the base year (2011-13) to 49% in 2023. Excluding non-food uses, aquaculture fish production is expected to surpass capture fisheries in 2014 as the main source of fish for human consumption, and this share should reach 53% by 2023 (Figure 8.3).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Studies show that young people who believe in gender equality have better sexual health outcomes than their peers (International Sexuality and HIV Curriculum Working Group, 2011). Young people who, compared to their peers, adopt egalitarian attitudes about gender roles are more likely to delay sexual debut, use condoms, and practice contraception, they also have lower rates of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy (Dupas, 2011). Very few programmes reach these groups, especially adolescents who are not in school. Developing out-of-school programmes is therefore essential.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In light of limited financing and uncertainties about future impacts, developing countries require greater emphasis on early adaptation actions, 'low-regrets' options and the populations - including subgroups such as women and girls - these options will affect. Such options need to build in flexibility for longer-term decisions and formulate early planning for likely major future risks (UNEP 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Globalisation has increased the global supply of low-skilled labour, affecting wages and employment prospects of workers with low qualifications. At the same time, more intense international competition for high-skilled workers has pushed up top incomes. Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) are also favouring high-skilled workers, whose task cannot be easily automated, and thereby increasing inequality (Kierzenkowski and Koske 2012). Some studies suggested technological change is a more powerful driver of inequality than globalisation (IMF, 2007, OECD, 2007a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
There is however wide variation in agroforestry practices, with the highest tree cover on agricultural land found in the humid regions of Southeast Asia, Central America, eastern South America and coastal West Africa. While there are some signs of change (and a lack of gender-disaggregated data) it is clear that men still dominate the formal forest sector as well as decision-making at all levels. On the other hand, many rural women spend much of their lives collecting fuelwood, food for family consumption, medicinal plants, resin and other NWFPs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
From that low level, remittances gradually increased again in the calendar year 2011. By contrast, although Samoan remittances peaked at 367 million Samoan tala in 2008-09, in the next two years the totals were 345 million and 369 million. In other words, Tongan remittances fell after the crisis but Samoan remittances were more or less stable. That is probably a function, firstly, of Samoan remittances being more likely to come from New Zealand rather than the United States (and particularly the west coast) so that the rebound was also slower (see Figure 6.2).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
This section will focus on some of these instruments. Such measurement aims to provide information that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of decisions on policy priorities, strategies and resource allocation (OECD, 2009a). It usually takes place through monitoring and evaluation. Monitoring is an ongoing process and requires collecting and assessing both quantitative and qualitative information, and building a picture of the functioning and outputs of public policies and programmes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
There are a number of criminal offences within the legal system of England and Wales where the defendant can rely on the reasonableness of his actions to exculpate conduct which otherwise would have attracted criminal liability. Criminal law theorists have tended to focus on the operation and scope of reasonable excuse. Public safety provides the clearest rationale for the employment of pseudo-criminal, regulatory offences. Since the coming into force of the Human Rights Act, the issue of reasonableness has almost exclusively been intertwined with Art of the ECHR. It has been suggested that an objective assessment of reasonableness is not within the defendant's knowledge. The lack of statutory guidance for courts serves only to add to the muddled analysis that has characterized much of the case law in both terrorism and public order cases. These statutes mollify their apparent regulatory harshness by the inclusion of the aforementioned reasonableness excuse.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Many of today’s curricula are designed to equip learners for a static world that no longer exists. Those types of curricula could be delivered with an industrial approach in hierarchical bureaucracies, they do not require teachers to have advanced professional insights into instructional design. But that is no longer good enough. Curricula now need to account for fast-moving flows of knowledge creation. Zero percent school autonomy has meant one hundred percent teacher isolation behind closed classroom doors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Departements implemented national policy at the regional level. The system was hierarchal and top-down. It was a policy that emphasised territorial equality in terms of centralised access to State administration and that led to a high level of control over the territories. Many actions by departements and communes required authorisation by the Minister or even statutory approval by the national legislature.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Norway has pledged several hundred million dollars annually in grants to international REDD efforts. Multilateral channels are considered to be the best and most efficient way of organizing the international efforts to reduce the loss of tropical forests. Therefore, utilizing the competence and capacities possessed by the UN, the World Bank and the regional development banks are core elements of a coordinated international support structure, and essential to succeed in this work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Patent counts are based on the application date, the International Patent Classification (IPC) codes (patent codes) and fractional counts. The top patent bursts are identified by comparing the filing patterns of all 4-digit IPC classes. The intensity of a patent burst refers to the relative strength of the observed increase in filing patterns. Only IPC classes featuring a positive burst intensity in the 2000s are included.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Credible analysis of climate change issues can influence budget priorities if designed to feed into national policy planning documents (Drakenberg et al., From an aid donors perspective, financing for climate change programmes that also contributes to poverty reduction and development objectives can help avoid fragmenting funding sources (OECD, 2009). Preparing LEDS could also be a first step towards indicating a sufficient level of capacity to effectively absorb and manage the financing, through an understanding of institutional responsibilities. Table 1 outlines the range of possible functions that a LEDS could fulfil for different stakeholders, both domestic and international.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Natural or agricultural areas are easily reachable for urban dwellers and the reverse can be said for mral inhabitants willing to spend some time in the central agglomeration. It is also offers a chance to strengthen local agricultural connections in the form of higher value local foods and additional value-added processing. Taking advantage of these opportunities requires increased collaboration between different types of economic and institutional structures under the umbrella of the Grand Clermont, as well as the setting of co-ordinated land use planning policies (see Box 2.9 for a discussion of common governance frameworks for rural-urban partnerships). Absent an articulation of how this creates better opportunities for surrounding communes, it is difficult to see how they can justify ongoing participation in the arrangement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Policy makers are also concerned about ensuring service and staff quality, as well as making information on quality transparent. A variety of tools are used that could be appropriate for different purposes. A wide range of well-developed tools is available for this purpose. To facilitate the transition and support the child, child records are shared with primary schools in the majority of jurisdictions. Holistic narrative assessments are also common.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Only around 65% of those who enter a tertiary programme go on to graduate, while the OECD and EU19 averages are 69% and 71%, respectively. Besides, tertiary education students take almost seven years on average to complete their studies at the undergraduate level, among the longest in the OECD (Figure 9). The length of pre-Bologna degree programmes only partially accounts for the excessively long duration of studies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In 2009 the warehouse storage capacity was only 1.5 million tonnes compared with annual paddy production of over 20 million tonnes. Of this capacity, less than one-third was regularly used because it was often decrepit and inconveniently located (BMI, 2011). To enhance the warehouse system, the government set a target of building a four million tonne storage system in the MRD by the end of 2011: upgrading the existing 1.5 million tonne storage system and building new warehouses with capacity for 2.5 million tonnes.56 The objective of these improvements was to increase the returns from rice exports by giving enterprises more flexibility as to the timing of shipment and lifting the quality of stored rice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This essay is a response to Professor Hugh Collins of the University of Oxford, in his remarks and paper discussing the protection given to labor rights as human rights under the European Convention of Human Rights and explaining how those results have been reached through a succession of “rabbit holes.” This essay explores how the United States Supreme Court has taken us through a succession of different “rabbit holes” in order to reduce labor and employment rights. This essay focuses on three areas: labor rights, particularly the right to engage in collective bargaining and other forms of concerted action, the right to privacy in the workplace, and protections against workplace discrimination. With respect to those areas, this essay raises the fundamental question of whether the United States Supreme Court is willing to recognize the human rights of workers to be treated with dignity, respect, and equality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
These challenges also provide opportunities to raise the awareness of the financial sector and to build the region’s capacity. The latter could be done with regional and/or international co-operation. One example is through co-operation with Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development (BMZ).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The adoption of monitoring, measurement and evaluation procedures of procurement activities remains underdeveloped. New public procurement legislation was adopted in 2016 to better consider innovation and environment aspects in public procurement agendas. This revision is based on the EU Public Procurement Directives. The government also initiated national training for innovative public procurement for the 15 largest cities in 2015 and all 20 health districts in 2016.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Comments on Working Papers are welcomed, and may be sent to the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs OECD, 2 rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Weergave van de markt 2008 - 2012, [Market scan and policy letter.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
For EU candidate countries in particular, greater commitment to the key competence developments in vocational education and training is likely following the recommendation of the Education Council in Riga in June 2015 (European Union, 2015b). A critical issue is ensuring that all students across all disciplines have an opportunity for entrepreneurial learning (European Commission, 2008). A further factor is the low share of women-led companies and their limited contribution to growth and jobs (European Commission, 2013). Poor awareness and policy focus brings further challenges. The SME data available do not sufficiently capture women’s contribution to the economy, compromising policy makers’ ability to set clear objectives and for institutional support. The lack of policy focus helps explain why so few resources are allocated to train and support women entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Alcohol-related deaths are more than two times greater than the EU average. One-third of health spending comes from private sources - largely out-of-pocket payments. In addition, informal payments are not uncommon in Lithuania. The Lithuanian health insurance system has an effective counter-cyclical mechanism in place and was successful in protecting public spending on health at the time of the financial crises. Quality indicators provide a mixed picture, but both hospital and primary care services are improving their performance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Often, agriculture advisors are engaged in a number of tasks outside their primary technical specialisation. They tend to have limited knowledge, notably in farm management, marketing and business planning, their average age is high, and they have limited IT skills. In Serbia, international donors have developed a small private extension network.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
All of the landscape types comprise a variety of ecosystems with their specific flora and fauna (Map 10.1). About 7,100 species of plants and about 13,000 species of animals (718 of vertebrates) have been found. A total of 153 endemic plant species have been reported from the Kopetdag Mountains alone.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
While some measures have been implemented recently, such as the Act on the Modernization of Framework Conditions for Venture Capital and Equity Investments (MoRaGK) in 2008 and the establishment of start-up funds (included in the High Tech Strategy), more needs to be done to mobilise venture capital in Germany. The government appropriately plans to improve the framework conditions for venture capital when implementing the EU Directive on Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFM) in national legislation. At this occasion, measures should be taken to reduce the strictness of the existing regulation, improve the transparency of the supervision system defined in the MoRaGK and provide venture capitalists with appropriate exit possibilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This development may indicate that the quota system helped to increase the share of people with disabilities employed in private companies, although there has not been any clear impact related to the increase in the legal employment quota from 1.6% to 1.8% in 1998. For larger companies, it has increased steadily since the beginning of the 1980s, whereas among medium-sized companies (59 to 299 employees) it declined between 1995 and 2005, although it has risen again since then. The decline motivated the introduction of specific policy measures to promote the employment of people with disabilities in SMEs. In addition to variations by firm size, there are large differences by sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Part of the explanation lies in the fact that we are looking at the (selected) wage sample. In the full sample, differences in wage dispersion across age groups are indeed more pronounced, as shown in Figure 14. This is particularly true in Canada, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Spain, and the United States.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
ABSTRACTMainstream international relations scholarship has ignored or disparaged the significance and legacies of the Bandung conference. The author argues in favour of its importance, not only for any serious investigation into the evolution of the post-war international order, but also for the development of Global IR as a truly universal discipline: a global international relations. Few events offer more fertile ground for rethinking the established boundaries of international relations. After introducing the concept of a global international relations, the author then considers ways in which the conference’s key legacies challenge conventional accounts and attest to the ‘agency’ of the newly independent states in the making of the post-war international order. The legacies this section focuses on include frustration at Western attempts to ‘sabotage’ the conference, the delegitimisation of collective defence pacts and the development of the Non-Aligned Movement, the emergence of a South-East Asian regi...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
While the emphasis is on learning practical strategies by taking part in the project, Imprint members learn about the power structures that lie behind the phenomenon of sexual harassment, including patriarchy. During Egypt's major holidays, when harassment is typically at its worst, Imprint organizes patrols in public spaces, made up of young male volunteers who intervene non-violently to prevent incidents of harassment, to deliver harassers to the police, and to help in filing legal claims against harassers. The patrols also act to promote positive examples of masculinity. They show that there is an alternative, that joining the movement against harassment is cool.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Specifically in the forest sector, implementation and permanence of REDD+activities require the provision, on a continuous basis, of adequate and predictable results-based payments in accordance with the relevant COP decisions. The following , natural regeneration to tree planting. In areas of disturbed sections put these numbers into a broader context of forest- j forest, carbon stocks may be enhanced by controlling related mitigation opportunities and potentials.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Their number has increased rapidly, though with considerable differences across provinces. Focusing on Northwest China, Garnevska et al. ( The high and rising stock of agricultural R&D as well as the increasing presence of foreign firms in the agriculture sector may improve China’s ability to absorb new foreign inventions (Andrews and Westmore, 2014). Foreign direct investment (FDI) is encouraged in most parts of the agricultural industry, although there are some restrictions. Changes to China’s foreign investment catalogue in 2007 raised restrictions on FDI in five agricultural industries including seed production and development, soybean processing and distribution services. In addition, an update in 2011 expanded restrictions to the areas of grain purchasing and the processing of rice, flour and edible oils.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
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(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)