albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
A study from Greenland shows that when the estimations from Inuit hunters and fishers were compared to researcher data on the status and trends of 24 different marine species (birds, fish and mammals) they largely agreed (Danielsen et al. Another example is from Swedish Saami villages where reindeer herders were accused of exaggerating the presence of bear predation on reindeer calves. An increasing number of transdisciplinary collaborations between local communities and scientists could be a valuable result from the Nordic IPBES-like assessment. Farmers, artisanal fishers, hunters and nature and culture tourism entrepreneurs from the coasts of Bohuslan, Ostergotland, Gotland, Uppland, Stockholm archipelago, Aland and the Kalix archipelago were represented.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In the nineties water charges for the industry sector were tripled to comply with the Rhine Action Programme (1987). Most recent years were devoted to the compliance with the EU WFD and Urban Wastewater Directive. Water charges are decided by each water agency (river basin committee and water agency board) but they cannot be set above the (national) ceiling defined by French National Law. Entitlements are defined through a process of impact assessment and public inquiry.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Since the next 25 years will see an increasingly ageing population, the need for more men seeking employment within this field will increase accordingly. The need for securing the availability of labour within the social care sector is increasing. The need for employing more men in the social care sector is particularly increasing, however, few men seek employment within this sector. Despite its high population, the labour market of Eyafjordur is under massive pressure which is largely caused by geography and accessibility and the four and a half hour drive to Reykjavik (which may be completely inaccessible during heavy snowfalls).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This is the largest individual category accounting for 14% of all fish purchases. Sales of salmon remained fairly constant (+6.2%) since 2007 and consistently make up around 8% of total fish purchases. Purchases of herring and other blue fish fell -30% on 2007. Whilst purchases have fallen, expenditure on fish has remained almost unchanged. Expenditure has increased by 1%, from GBP 1.16 per person per week in 2007 to GBP 1.17 in 2010 (GDP 1.20 in 2011 ). In comparison, the expenditure on takeaway fish fell 7.5% over the same period to GBP 0.17 per person per week .
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Its approach to urban planning is a natural outgrowth of this view. The lesson is clear: where the political interests of national governments are at odds with the objectives and efforts of city authorities, urban development is retarded. Where national governments offer support and autonomy to local authorities, rapid and significant change is possible.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
A challenge in the coming years will be to ensure that federal and state programming adhere to that prioritisation. In the case of water supply and sanitation programmes, conditions to receive support include the existence of a formal agreement between the state and federal governments for joint action, and to present an annual programme approved by the State Committee for Planning and Development (COPLADE) or the state-level organism in charge of water supply and sanitation planning. Subsidies for wastewater treatment activities must be first applied to ensure that supported wastewater treatment plants operate at a minimum of 90% before they can be applied to other investments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The result is a property right regime that is conducive to the development of efficient markets. This entitlement is separate from any land title and may be traded among any willing purchasers. These are referred to as permanent trades. The allocation is made to an entitlement and recorded in the water account associated with the entitlement. Allocation trades, or temporary trades as they are called in Australia, can then be made by debiting one account and crediting another.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Smoking rates among both boys and girls have also fallen since 2001, bringing smoking rates for young people down to the EU average. S litres higher than the EU average (see Section 5.1) although regular binge drinking5 among adults, which can be particularly damaging, is close to the EU average. Nearly one in five adults were obese in 2014, up from one in six in 2007.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This is because the CRS code (33150) for TRA was added to the CRS database only in 2008, two years after the creation of the TRA category by the WTO Working Party. As a result of the novelty of the TRA category and ongoing struggles by donors to define its scope, the CRS database does not yet provide a full coverage of TRA activities, unlike other AfT categories/codes (such as ‘trade policy and regulations’)) which were in existence before 2007. This results in sporadic coverage of TRA activities within the CRS database.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Market incomes include income from wages and salaries, self-employment income, capital income and private pensions received by household members and tend to be the most unequally distributed of these three household living standard concepts. Disposable incomes are often less unequally distributed than market incomes because they take into account cash transfers, public pensions and other benefits paid to the household, less the taxes paid by the household. Consumption expenditure may be even more equally distributed, since it generally reflects disposable income less household savings to account for consumption smoothing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The wage structure effects combine three covariates participation, work intensity and nature of job skill. Source: OECD Secretariat calculations from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). In Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United States, having more households with a female member working full-time and/or full-year was associated with a decline in the Gini coefficient of household income by between 0.6 and 1 point. In turn, in the Czech Republic and Finland the falling share of females in full-time or full-year jobs among households has resulted in a 0.4 point rise in inequality. The impact of skill changes is larger in Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom, where it led to an increase of between 0.7 and 1 point in inequality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Seen holistically,there are certain factors that can make land rights more secure for women. Therefore, notwithstanding the type of tenure, all persons must possess a degree of legal security of tenure which guarantees legal protection against forced eviction, harassment and other threats. Each point along this continuum can provide for women's rights to land, provided that discrimination is prohibited and that women are granted legal security of tenure. However, care must be taken to ensure that women's rights are respected and that the concept of security of tenure itself is seen from an integrated gender perspective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
From Evidence to Action: The story of cash transfers and impact evaluation in Sub Saharan Africa, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Child Poverty and Deprivation in Mali:The first national estimates, Innocenti Working Paper, 2014-20, UNICEF Office of Research. Innocenti Working Paper, 2014-19, UNICEF Office of Research.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Some scholars argue that the Afghan police are regularly engaged in bribery and drug-related corruption. Prevalent corruption in the Afghan police has demonstrably resulted in greater support for the Taliban which is a threat to security. This suggests that a robust anti-corruption strategy is needed to restore legitimacy in the Afghan state and police and to counter the insurgency. This article initially provides a discussion of police corruption in Afghanistan that reveals four interrelated explanations: (1) structural causes of corruption, patronage and nepotism, (2) low pay, (3) state capture, and (4) ethnic favouritism. The research methodology included 70 semi-structured interviews with elites conducted by the author in Kabul during May–June 2010 and 100 surveys conducted with patrolmen and lieutenants in various Afghan provinces during January–March 2012. The article finds that it can prove counterproductive to post poorly paid policemen in distant provinces in order to challenge patronage relation...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, four years ago, Rahim was arrested and imprisoned for six months and finally deported to Sudan, because only Lebanese citizens can legally operate as employment agents. Her husband, who was also Sudanese, died five years ago and she had to support their two daughters alone. Emebet is alienated from her Orthodox Christian family in Ethiopia because they disapproved of her decision to marry a Muslim man.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The river flows into the Varangerfjord, not far from Kirkenes. Vaggatcm, Fjorvatnet and Hcstcfossdammen are transboundary lakes within the basin. The catchment area of Lake Inari forms the Finnish pan of the Paatsjoki water system. Lake Inari has been regulated since 1942 by power plants situated in the Russian Federation and Norway.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
To the extent possible, the nu merator includes su rvivors' a nd disability benefits once the beneficiaiy reaches the statutory pensionable age (or the age of 65). I n other words, the numerator should capture all beneficiaries of a n old age pension, whether they themselves were participants in a social security scheme (contributors) or not, for instance, family members of deceased contributors who receive a part of the latter’s pension. Both in the case of survivors’and disability benefits, it is important to note that only those who fall within the age group are counted.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The assets of all Samruk-Kazyna subsidiaries were estimated to amount to 57% of Kazakhstan’s GDP in 2010. In the agricultural sector, the counterpart of this trend towards amalgamating public agencies into a large state-controlled enterprise was the creation of KazAgro Holding in December 2006 which consolidated seven government agencies providing support and services to agriculture. Another state holding KazAgroInnovation united the agricultural research structures. However, Russia’s official WTO accession in 2012 is likely to be the catalyst for Kazakhstan to take the final steps necessary for membership.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The reforestation will help to halt the degradation of forests, soil erosion and loss of vegetative cover. It will also improve water quality and watershed capacity, and reduce siltation of watercourses and reservoirs. The forests will provide valuable habitats for a wide range of native flora and fauna, adding to natural biodiversity. # Over 80,000 people will benefit from this project through.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Cesar, 2013, UK, 2013, USG, 2012, IDB, 2012, Mulenga, 2013. This is due to the multi-faceted nature of building resilience and adaptive capacity, which often requires cross-cutting interventions in the health, water, energy, economic, agriculture, and other sectors. The absence of clear links between cause and effect in many adaptation activities highlights the utility of using both top-down (e.g. number of people vulnerable to climate change in a country) and bottom-up indicators (e.g. number of climate vulnerability assessments conducted). The Fund’s choice of indicators depends on the intended goals of different projects. For instance, an indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of an education and awareness project may report the “number and type of risk reduction actions or strategies introduces at local level” or “number of news outlets in the local press and media that have covered the topic” (AF, 2011a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This compares to around 40% in Latin America and the Caribbean and as high as 80% in developed countries, e See chapter 3 for more details on how to strengthen countries’ economic resilience. The difference is that here the changes are applied to each Asia-Pacific economy individually rather than to all economies in the model simultaneously as in the first scenario. The prospects for Japan, therefore, in common with other economies in the region will be dependent in significant measure on the ability of the large emerging economic powerhouses in Asia and the Pacific to sustain their growth. In a sample of 13 economies with year-end 2012 employment data, 10 economies witnessed a year-on-year job growth decrease compared with 2011.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
However, in the absence of strong public participation it is difficult to claim that the plan has local endorsement or acceptance. Efforts to capture local concerns through the use of mathematical models that assess the impact of changes in transport networks at the local level on agriculture, landscape and housing provide a weak substitute for direct contact with the local population. Most opposition was directed towards the proposal to increase housing density in the urban core and to limit the peri-urbanisation process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Societies emerging from ethno-political and inter-communal conflict face a range of complex problems that stem directly from the recent lived experience of bloodshed and injury, militarisation, securitisation and segregation. As institutional agents in such an environment, public managers perform the dual role of both interpreting public policy and implementing it within a politically contested space and place. In this article, we address how managers cope with the outworking of ethno-nationalist conflict and peace building within government processes and policy implementation and contend this is a subject of emerging concern within the wider public administration, urban studies and conflict literature. Using data from a witness seminar initiative on the Northern Ireland conflict transformation experience, we explain how public sector managers make sense of their role in post-agreement public management and highlight the importance of three identified mechanisms, ‘bricolage’, ‘diffusion’ and ‘translation’...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In 1996 the final version of Te Whaariki, the New Zealand national curriculum for children ups to age 5, was launched following a wide consultation process between the curriculum developers, early childhood practitioners, and representatives of the Maori community. It has four overall principles: empowerment, holistic development, family and community, and relationships. Five strands shape the outcomes for children: belonging, well-being, exploration, communication and contribution. Hie curriculum addresses culture and customs in a way that seeks to embrace the diversity of its population.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The region would also benefit from cooperation in energy planning and project analysis, frameworks fora sustainable energy agenda, and policymaking. There arc significant opportunities to move to cleaner energy systems, however, the capacity to adopt new technologies — often referred to as absorptive capacity — as well as to develop new technologies, is mainly located in a few countries. Adoption of new technology needs to be efficient, and often this requires economies of scale.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
From an economic point of view it would be entirely correct to internalise grid-level system costs into the plant-level levelised cost of electricity production in order to derive the true economic cost to society of different technologies and to enable policy-makers to make least-cost choices maximising social well-being. While estimates of the capacity credit of variable renewables, their ability to fully substitute for dispatchable capacity, vary widely and depend heavily on local circumstances, they rarely exceed 10% of total capacity and decline with rising shares of variable renewables in electricity production. Estimating the costs of such back-up capacity is less straightforward than it seems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Governments are using counter-terrorism laws to punish doctors and other healthcare professionals who treat alleged terrorists or enemies, says a report. It highlights practices to safeguard the provision of healthcare and lists recommendations for states and UN political agencies.  The report was prepared by the University of Essex Human Rights Centre, the Center for Public Health and Human Rights at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition at the request of Dainius Puras, United Nations special rapporteur …
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Consequently, residential segregation has forward and backward linkages with disadvantage. However, there is also territorial concentration of the "well-off" population, and the degree of its "residential segregation" can be calculated. This concentration operates as a mechanism for reproducing wealth between generations, but it stands out for being the outcome of circumstances and decisions conducive to the socioeconomic homogenization of the areas where high-income groups live, either because residents of a lower socioeconomic level leave or because there are barriers to the arrival of individuals and families of lower socioeconomic level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In the final report of the Working Party on Russian WTO accession (WTO document WT/ACC/RUS/70 WT/MIN(ll)/2, dated 17 November 2011, Article 364, pages 88-90), the Russian representative made seven specific commitments on how the Russian national body would administer TRQs. The CTS is part of Kazakhstan’s national railway company Temir Zholy. Following the August 1998 Russian crisis, Kazakhstan introduced a 20% value-added tax on all personal imports from Russia, the Kyrgyz Republic and Uzbekistan, and then in December 1998 enacted a law on Measures to Protect the Domestic Market/rom Imported Goods.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Thailand’s current conflicts have strikingly increased political, social, and economic instability, reduced legitimacy of governance, and undermined the rule of law. The purpose of this research was to examine types of conflicts in 6 social situations in Thailand during 2013-14. A sample of 1,200 conflict news reports from 3 daily newspapers, 2 weekly newspapers, and 3 television news channels were analyzed using content analysis and discourse analysis. The findings revealed that the conflict news reported from the deep southern regions of Thailand showed more violent behaviors than the other five conflict situations- the political conflict, the economic conflict, the environmental conflict, the public policy, and the violence against children and adolescents. All conflict news showed higher proportion of structural conflicts rather than other types of conflict. Moreover, conflict news during the 3 political periods showed differences based on writer’s biased opinion and personal ideology.     Keywords  : news analysis, conflicts in Thailand
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Similarly 50% of households' will have fast, broad and reliable Internet connectivity. The monitoring exercise responses did not highlight any relationship between income level and the deployment of such national plans. Of the 33 respondents that cited national e-commerce or digital-related strategies, 15 are LDCs and 16 are middle income countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
And a roof that doesn’t leak? Isn’t this a much more intuitive measure, and one that is more capable of winning public understanding and support? But the trouble with the argument that deprivation measures ‘real poverty’, whereas relative income does not, is that the intuitively appealing idea on which it rests is that poverty should be measured in an absolute rather than a relative sense. In other words, it is relative to both time and place.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Biological resources include timber and aquatic resources and a range of other animal and plant resources (such as livestock, orchards, crops and wild animals), fungi and bacteria.50 Biological resources form an important part of biodiversity and ecosystems. If harvesting and other losses exceed natural or managed regeneration or replenishment, biological resources become depleted. Biological resources can be natural (non-cultivated) or cultivated. Cultivated biological resources cover animal resources yielding repeat products and tree, crop and plant resources yielding repeat products whose natural growth and regeneration are under the direct control, responsibility and management of an institutional unit.52 They may impact the environment differently than natural ones.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
While debate continues with respect to exposure to very low levels of radiation, it is generally assumed that there is no threshold (the linear no threshold, ENT, assumption). The chemical toxicity of some radioactive elements (such as uranium) and of stable nuclides (e.g. lead) is also a potential source of hazard but usually to a much lesser extent than that associated with radiological characteristics. Physical hazards such as chemical reactivity, ignitability or corrosivity pose acute hazards only, although these can result in property damage, serious injury or even death if the wastes are mismanaged.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
For instance, there is a risk that decisions at river basin level fail to take into account national policy priorities. This is the case when the costs of using the resource (including environmental or opportunity costs) are not reflected in the price paid by users. This is also the case when subsidies originate in non-water policies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
At the start of the crisis, some countries introduced measures to provide greater health care protection. For example, Belgium extended eligibility to reduced co-payments and in the United States health insurance was subsidised for those who became unemployed. Many of the reforms have the capacity to improve the efficiency and quality of the health care system over the longer term. Nevertheless, some reforms have attracted considerable critique and have been politically contentious among broad sections of the community as well as parts of industry, as demonstrated by strike actions and threats to stop supplying medical products.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Indeed, the novelty of the technologies considered and the probable fluctuations in renewable energy supply (including dependence of generation on weather, seasons and time of day) have specific implications for managing project risk and accurately assessing market capacity. Table 6.1 lists the different risks faced by clean energy infrastructure projects, and Table 6.2 illustrates how different modes of allocating these risks can best be suited to various forms of PPP projects. The level of risk will depend on the maturity of the technology and the track record of the technology provider.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
One observer notes that this shift towards the issuance of local currency debt “has been facilitated by increasing demand from foreign investors for higher-yielding local currency assets” (LeijonhufVud, 2007: 1839). This increase is also likely to have been supported by attempts in emerging market economies to strengthen their stock markets by opening them to foreign investors. Indeed, a fourth source of possible adverse macroeconomic and distributional effects accompanying financial integration is the potential of capital surges to produce asset price or real estate bubbles.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)