albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
I argue that five major trends have affected the development of public policy schools. These trends include the rational bureaucracy approach of Max Weber and Woodrow Wilson, the application of behavioral and social science to administration with Herbert Simon and James March, as well as the more recent trends of the new public management's inter‐sector governance approach and anti‐government populism. As a result of these trends, schools in the United States typically fall into three categories: policy analysis schools, smaller public administration programs, and larger comprehensive and interdisciplinary schools. In my view, the most promising future for schools of public policy lies in the further development and expansion of these comprehensive schools, and this expansion is, in fact, necessary if we want to effectively and collaboratively address societal needs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Green MSP is now the region’s accepted private-public voice for green manufacturing. Green are aimed at driving the growth of local green manufacturers through government purchasing, implementing building standards and incentives, aligning industrial zones with green assets, providing finance to start-up companies, and a recognition programme for green manufacturers. The model is a strong example of one region’s efforts to expand its green manufacturing base. It is a good model for local coalitions developing recommendations to create their own green economies, but may be more relevant for larger cities with more developed sustainability efforts in place, such as Sydney.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In the pursuit of job-oriented economic growth, attention must be given to the economic devastation the global community experiences from the pollution, global warming, and waste associated with unregulated production and rampant consumerism. As consumption and production habits change, so too will the nature of the jobs and skills required to support them. Steps should be taken to ensure that youth are provided with the skills needed in those industries that promote sustainable solutions to environmental challenges.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The low participation of those groups in innovation activities is frequently due to their lack of adequate capacities and/or their lower access to opportunities (Figure 1). These are acquired through formal education, vocational education and on-the-job training, and include notably the ability for problem solving, critical and creative thinking, ability to learn and to manage complexity, ability for team working and communication, having initiative and motivation, being receptive to innovation, and leadership and entrepreneurial skills, among others (OECD, 2010a). For example, solid scientific training, complex problem-solving ability and good communication skills are critical to engage in academic research or participate in R&D activities in high-technology sectors, vocational education and entrepreneurial skills might be relevant to adopt technologies or organisational methods created elsewhere to improve the productivity of small-sized enterprises (SMEs), or to expand the market outreach of start-ups through the use of new digital platforms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In Saudi Arabia, the late King Abdullah declared in a speech held in 2011 that women will be allowed to vote and stand for municipal elections in 2015. Saudi Arabia’s Royal Decree 44 (A) of 2013 regarding the amendment of Article 3 of the Statute of the Shura Council also helps to guarantee a certain amount of female representation. Women’s right to vote and to run for elections was also established (or re-established) in Bahrain, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates between 2002 and 2006.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This chapter reflects on the nature of Criminology as an academic discipline, highlighting methodological considerations. Against this meta-theoretical backdrop, it examines the meaning and significance of self-avowedly ‘critical’ criminologies and reconsiders their distinctive contributions to scholarship and research.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The growing use of social science constructs in public health invites reflection on how public health researchers translate, that is, appropriate and reshape, constructs from the social sciences. To assess how 1 recently popular construct has been translated into public health research, we conducted a citation network and content analysis of public health articles on the topic of social capital. The analyses document empirically how public health researchers have privileged communitarian definitions of social capital and marginalized network definitions in their citation practices. Such practices limit the way public health researchers measure social capital's effects on health. The application of social science constructs requires that public health scholars be sensitive to how their own citation habits shape research and knowledge.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Introduction - Contested Governance in Japan: Modes, sites and issues Part 1 Sites of Governance 1. Global Governance, the G7/8 Summit and Japan 2. Japan's Role in Emerging East Asian Governance: Regional and national implications 3. Governance, Democracy and the Political Economy of the Japanese State 4. Local Governance: The role of referenda and the rise of independent governors 5. Governance, Globalization and the Japanese Financial System: Resistance or restructuring? 6. Koizumi's 'Robust Policy': Governance, the Japanese welfare employment regime and comparative gender studies Part 2 Issues of Governance 7. Japan and Global Environmental Governance 8. Governance, Asian Migrants and the role of Civil Society 9. Corruption and Governance in Japan 10. Whose Problem? Japan's homeless people as an issue of local and central governance 11. The Political Economy of Japanese 'Corporate Governance': A metaphor for capitalist rationalization 12. Governance though the Family: The political function of the domestic in Japan
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The aquaculture industry contributes about NZD 226 million of this value. Seafood exports have consistently ranked as New Zealand’s fourth or fifth largest export earner but dropped to eighth in 2007. Important inshore and shellfish species include spiny rock lobster, paua, and snapper. New Zealand’s most valuable capture fishery species on a weight and export value basis is hoki.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Clearer visions and strategies for de facto gender equality as defined by international standards would facilitate improvements for gender equality objectives, including the CEDAW, MENA countries can build on the existing strategies to expand them to include the civic, political and economic rights of women more prominently. Indeed, the institutional history of social rights within OECD countries demonstrates that while rights associated w ith women initially were upheld in relation to maternal functions and reproductive roles, these protections later expanded to include protections for equality in public life and economic opportunities. Effective implementation is critical to ensure that gender strategies go beyond declarative statements and are translated into concrete actions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Two events in 1999 - the Marmara earthquake and the EU's acceptance of Turkey's candidacy for membership - offered hope for liberalization and democratization in Turkey. In the first case, the earthquake was viewed as a mobilizer for civil society, a force 'from below' that might engender political reform. In the second, the EU now had a stronger hand to push for change 'from outside', and certainly Turks had greater incentives than ever to undertake democratizing measures such as improving human rights and ending restrictions on free expression. This article casts a sceptical eye on these claims, finding the energy from the earthquake largely dissipated and strong opposition from powerful forces in Turkey to the EU's recommendations. While there has been at change at the rhetorical level, it has proved very difficult to reflect this in policy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As a coping mechanism, thousands of check dams2 are built on streams to reduce the streamflow of the water and to increase groundwater recharge (Dashora et al., The MARVI (Managing Aquifer Recharge and Groundwater Use through Village-Level Intervention) project (Maheshwari et al., It also trained them to monitor check dam water levels to determine their effectiveness and the need for silt-scraping in the dry season to maintain recharge rates. Four monitored check dams near Dharta are responsible for on average 200,000 m3/year each, securing approximately 16% of dry-season crops in adjacent villages (Dashora et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Using remote sensing methods, the indicator can be measured in a cost-effective way in an unlimited number of cities. Research has shown that two main different approaches are used to measure this indicator (the degree of urbanization and the urban extent) that has very strong connections to other goals and targets. Although participation itself can be explained in different manners, no one denies the involvement of different actors in urban affairs is critical to build consensus and to take the most appropriate and informed actions. This data, which is mostly generated using spatial analysis technologies, is greatly challenging the traditional notion of the city unit and its boundaries, which were used to generate urban data.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
A persistent criticism of policy analysis is that it undermines basic democratic institutions and processes by replacing public participation with expert analysis. Many decision makers shun broader participation because of the complexity of an issue or the cost, uncertainty, and delay often associated with public involvement. This article presents a model for the systematic inclusion of public input into relatively complex public policy decisions. It outlines two determinants of success in public participation efforts: the purpose for public involvement and the nature of the issue, furthermore, it applies the model to two issues in recent Utah history that have involved public participation. Using these principles, decision makers should be able to design and implement public participation strategies that both inform the public about substantive policy questions and improve the quality of the final decision.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The share of social assistance recipients who suffer from problems of physical or mental health may therefore be lower than in Luxembourg, where no such benefits exist. A more comprehensive interpretation of the results would require extending the analysis to other sources of data. The administrative data used in the present analysis are suited exceptionally well for studying spell durations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Due to the limited size of the individual herring quotas the operators proposed to introduce transferability, which were approved by the Icelandic authorities in 1979. Through the individual and transferable quota system, the Icelandic authorities had found a convincing instrument to solve the distribution problems related to a limited resource and large fishing capacity. The system covered cod and five other species, but also included an option for operators to choose an effort-based management option (days at sea). Initially, vessels under 10 GT were not included in the system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Thus, there should be immediate, medium-term and long-term priorities for the progressive achievement ofthe SDGs. This section is based on inputs by Binaya Raj Shivakoti and Simon Hoiberg Olsen, who are with the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. Early achievement of access and efficiency is the stepping stone to system transformation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The Drina nexus assessment is a case in point: electricity generation could be increased by coordinating the operation of hydropower plants and optimizing the flow releases, while taking different water needs into account could bring different co-benefits. The "benefits" perspective is explicitly included in nexus assessments under the Water Convention to strengthen these very aspects of cooperation. Similar to the Water Convention's policy guidance on benefits, the nexus approach invites its primary target audience to consider broader cooperation, rather than to just "allocate water".
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
For example, to ensure that the voting results of the 2017 parliamentary elections in the Netherlands could not fall victim to interventions of hackers, the government decided to revert back to vote counting by hand rather than by machine.277 This shows how the adoption of new technologies can collapse when trust disappears in markets characterized by so-called information asymmetries278. Is news fake, or real? Given information asymmetries, a major role of non-profit institutions is to foster trust in new technologies and ongoing change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Scenarios emphasizing improvements in end-use efficiency tend to meet sustainable development goals, such as ensuring (almost) universal access to electricity, maintaining air quality, and limiting global average temperature increases. However, if efficiency gains turn out to be small, the world will become highly dependent on rapidly improving innovation and increasing the supply of “clean” energy. Another insight is that sustainable development pathways have been devised that exclude nuclear power, and carbon capture and storage (and its bioengineering variants), technologies that face great sociopolitical and technical challenges.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
One distinguishes between absolute and relative decoupling. Decoupling is said to be absolute when the environmental variable is stable or decreasing while the economic variable is growing. Decoupling is said to be relative when environmental variable is increasing, but at a lower rate than the economic variable.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Nepal has incorporated an indicator into the implementation matrix (i.e. additional hectares of degraded forest rehabilitated through pro-poor leasehold forestry by 2020). Previous analysis of experience with the formulation of national sustainable development strategies, for example, concluded that the involvement of finance ministries facilitates the integration of environmental development priorities with fiscal priority setting and national expenditure and revenue generation (USD, 2004, OECD, 2006, cited in Clapp, Briner and Karousakis, 2010). Many modes of stakeholder engagement have been reported.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This chapter explores the theoretical framework of global governance and UN implementation of related principles through the mediums of peacekeeping and peacebuilding operations. Measurements of the success of such operations introduced in this chapter include legality, legitimacy, and efficacy/effectiveness. Legality is presented from the perspective of both ‘positive’ international law, and the prescriptions of customary law. Legitimacy is examined in terms of international recognition, local ownership, and human-centred good governance. Efficacy is defined with regard to the stated goals of UN operations and how well they provide for the human security of all, but especially the most vulnerable. East Asian perspectives and conditions are also counterposed to the universal aspirations of the UN and liberal peacekeeping and peacebuilding. It concludes with a chapter overview.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Right now, however, a girl from a poor community in many countries will intersect with the health system only for immunizations as a toddler, and then not again until her first pregnancy (Bruce, 2009a). Adolescents have the lowest levels of health coverage of any age group (The Lancet Commissions, 2016), and represent an obvious next step in the drive for universal coverage. Such sessions could also offer opportunities for beginning to inform girls about their rights (Bruce, 2009a). Services must be of good quality, involve strict protection of privacy, and be free or low cost as has been done in some cases for children under age 5 (Santhya and Jejeebhoy, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Since pre-historic times Arctic residents have developed skills and knowledge that enable them to survive and thrive in harsh conditions. It has been observed that northerners have a good grasp of matters important for their livelihoods and possess unique and diversified knowledge on how to ensure their well-being (Megatrends, 2011). At the same time, the ability of Arctic societies to benefit from standardized codified knowledge and formal education has been rather limited.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Young women and girls, especially lone women heads of households, may be at greater risk of turning to prostitution, which brings new risks such as sexual violence, pregnancy, and exposure to disease. Reports of Syrian refugees arriving in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey and marrying off their daughters at a young age are increasing. In Libya, observers have noted the establishment of offices devoted to organizing marriages between Libyan men and young women refugees from Syria.4 This phenomenon is often assessed in certain categorized ways, measuring rates of child marriage, early and forced marriage and polygamy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Many women cannot access important social protections. Young women are far more likely than men to be not in employment, education, or training in Pacific Alliance countries and teenage pregnancy rates remain high, signalling future risks of poverty for young and often single mothers. Women continue to do the bulk of unremunerated labour at home, which restricts their paid work prospects and women and girls in the region continue to face high levels of violence in private and public spaces. Policies must be renewed and reinvigorated to ensure that girls and women are empowered to fulfil their aspirations - not only for their benefit, but for society and economies overall.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This section presents a summary of the fisheries management toolbox generally used worldwide to apply fisheries management administration and discusses its strengths and weaknesses and its responsiveness to the uncertainty of the pending impacts of climate change. The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (FAO, 1995) highlighted the common theme in its call for responsible and sustainable management of fisheries. Recently, fisheries management objectives are under criticism in regimes experiencing declining fish stocks, falling catches, and the anticipated negative impacts of climate change on the status of our oceans and waters.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The Constitution of January 2014 ensures equality of opportunity to achieve parity between women and men in elected posi-tions, and highlights the role of the state in eliminating violence against women. This progress is due in large part to the efforts that women's organizations have made, pushing for a more representative parliament that would understand women's specific needs and chal lenges. In particular, the use of alternating gender lists for elections has been instrumental in achieving this increase in women's political participation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Cross-cultural network ties have been shown to improve decision-making, creativity, conflict-resolution and use of collaborative technologies. Nevertheless, cultural barriers are difficult to overcome. We used data from an internal Social Networking System (SNS) in a large global company to see if membership in the same company might reduce the effect of cultural homophily. We found no effect. However, when we focused on members of 87 distributed workgroups, we found that the effect of cultural differences actually reversed, indicating greater cultural diversity in online friendship ties than observed in the company at large. We discuss alternative explanations for this finding and the implications for work environments in global companies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In Israel, those below 25 years may only receive a reduced SA benefit. In most countries, 20-year-old unemployed who do not live with their parents qualify for HB (exceptions are Israel and Luxembourg, where there are age limits). In Italy, FB are paid directly by employers and only granted if at least 70% of household taxable income stems from earnings (or earnings-replacement benefits including UB and employment pensions).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
However, some national studies show that up to 70 per cent of women have experienced physical or sexual violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime®*™ (WHO, 2013). There is also a high prevalence of psychological violence against women as 43 per cent of women in the European Union have experienced this form of violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime®*™ (AFR, 2014). As a result, significant progress has been made regarding the institutionalization of development and management of public spaces over the past decade. Several global and local movements have been formed to demand more friendly living areas attainable through public space provision.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The SDGs rightfully acknowledged the vital role that ICTs can play in their achievement. It is expected that half of the world’s population will be online in 2019 (initially estimated for 2017).' Of the approximately 3.9 billion people who remain offline, an overwhelming majority reside in the Global South and 2 billion are women. Even when women own mobile phones, there is a significant gap in usage, particularly for more transformational services, such as mobile Internet.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
It also remains poorly understood. This is particularly true in the wildlife sector, where studies have tended to focus on conservation impacts rather than on socio-economic effects. For example, small-scale logging by local communities (which is deemed illegal in many countries) can provide better returns than would employment in large-scale timber operations (which are often deemed legal).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
These developments will be driven by the less favourable international climate of the past five years, due to lower commodity prices (especially for metals and minerals), and the economic slowdown in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter "China”). Also of note is the rising cost of external financing and more restrained capital inflow prospects due to the tightening of US monetary policy. In 2014, the fastest growing economies in Latin America are expected to be the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and the Dominican Republic, which will grow by between 4% and 7% according to projections. Much slower growth is projected for the region’s two biggest economies: Mexican growth will rebound to around 2.5% (similar to the figure for Chile) and Brazilian growth will be less than 1%.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The Nexus of Gender Discrimination with Malnutrition: An Introduction, Economic and Political Weekly, 42(44), 49-53. Dr Vandana Shiva" (web site with list of publications), http://vandanashiva.com Shiva, V. (2016b). " Seeds of Revolution: Scientist, Author, Activist Vandana Shiva Leads Movement to Restore Sovereignty to Farmers" (interview), http://ecofarmingdaily.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)