albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
In this paper, I describe our ongoing international project in engaged educational ethnography and participatory action research with young adults and consider its relevance for a discussion on the community-building role of adult education in a globalized context. I use the example of our case study to suggest that adult educators can generate viable communities by creating learning spaces that nurture critical consciousness, a sense of agency, participation and social solidarity among internationally and culturally diverse young adult learners. Furthermore, I argue that participation in international learning communities formed through this educational process can potentially help young adults become locally and globally engaged citizens. International learning communities for global citizenship thus present a proposition for conceptualizing the vital role of adult community education in supporting democratic global and local citizenship in a world defined in terms of cross-cultural and longdistance encounters in the formation of culture.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It is estimated that 5 national PES programmes alone involve payments exceeding US$ 6 billion per year. Another study estimates that payments for watershed services in 2008 totalled over US$ 9 billion. There has been growth in certified timber and seafood products, and new markets are emerging in sustainable soy and sugar.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In the cases of Peru and the Plurinational State of Bolivia, the curve for the final year is further from the equidistribution line at all points), indicating that the distribution of undernutrition became more unequal in these two countries over the period. For Brazil and the Dominican Republic, it is the other way around, with the final year curve being below the starting year curve at all points, indicating an improvement in the distribution of the indicator. In the cases of Colombia, Haiti and Honduras, the concentration curves cross over, here, the concentration index must be calculated to draw any conclusion about the evolution of inequality. The concentration index gives an idea of the scale of inequality, and is comparable over time and between countries. This has occurred throughout society, narrowing social divides in fertility levels. However, the reproductive timetable, particularly for the first child, is still fairly early, particularly among adolescents in sectors with lower incomes and less education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
However, this condition might not be sufficient to change the irrigation practice of fanners, especially for rice and wheat, for which drip-irrigation systems are not yet used (Singh, 2015). Since then, only 2 000 solar pumps were installed by farmers in the State, since subsidies were often not substantive enough to motivate the investment (Roy, 2015). Nevertheless, the State and Central Governments are pursuing their support programmes, and the cost of solar panels is falling, which suggests further development of solar pumps, threatening to increase the depletion of critical aquifers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This is equivalent to all expenditure on basin management and flood protection plus one third of all expenditure on policy and regulation. According to the User- and Polluter-Pays principles, users of retail water services should pay for the full cost of urban bulk water supply services and wastewater treatment. In Mexico, however, they only pay about two-thirds of the cost of urban bulk water supply (since CONAGUA collects MXN 2 billion to provide services on which it spends MXN 3 billion) and only half of the cost of wastewater treatment (following the share of user’s contributions to the water supply and sanitation sub-sector).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
However, the graph also shows that the probability of tertiary education decreases with inequality, but only in the case of low PEB individuals. For example, inequality is found to increase the probability of obtaining at most a lower secondary degree, and lower the number of years of completed schooling, as in the previous case, both results hold for low parental education background individuals only (see Annex 3 for further details). Being interested in the potential mechanisms behind the inequality-growth nexus, it is therefore important to confirm that inequality has a differential impact on educational achievements using such alternative human capital measures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
In the short-term, Sydney’s LGAs might review Vancouver’s Regional Growth Strategy as a good example of a plan with cascading goals and clear performance metrics against which to measure progress. Sydney's premium stems from a composite of agglomeration economies (economies of scale, city size), localisation economies (clusters of activities linked by supply chain or competitiveness), and specialisation economies (complementarities and inter-firm linkages). Draft report for Sustainability Victoria, February 2010. Sustainable Sydney 2030, p. 32.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Where in the nineties sustainability reporting was mainly the responsibility of the sustainability department or the public affairs department it is now increasingly the responsibility of the CEO.14 1516 Gradually the CFO also becomes involved. In an Ernst & Young survey (2012), 65% of respondents stated their CFO has become involved in sustainability, mainly from the viewpoint of cost reductions (74%) and managing risks (61%). The role in external reporting, however, still needs to be expanded17.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
These effects are only evident in the long term. For example, the implementation of the Royalties for Science, Technology and Innovation programme in Colombia was hampered by the lack of experience of regional authorities (outside the area of Bogota) in structuring proposals for STI-intensive projects, which had to be subsequently evaluated and accepted by the national government. This discouraged applications and led to low take-up of available funds.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The article presents a critique of the discourse of ‘systematic review’ in education, as developed and promoted by the EPPI‐Centre at the University of London. Based on a close reading of the exhortatory and instructional literature and 30 published reviews, it argues that the approach degrades the status of reading and writing as scholarly activities, tends to result in reviews with limited capacity to inform policy or practice, and constitutes a threat to quality and critique in scholarship and research. The claims that are made for the transparency, accountability and trustworthiness of systematic review do not therefore, it is argued, stand up to scrutiny. The article concludes that systematic review is animated, not just by dissatisfaction with the uncertainties of educational research (a dissatisfaction that it shares with the ‘evidence‐informed movement’ with which it is associated), but by a fear of language itself.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
There is, however, no sewerage tariff harmonization for the locations serviced by ONEP, in contrast to tariffs for drinking water consumption (table 4.3). A tariff analysis of 42 wastewater treatment systems operated by ONEP around 2006 showed that the sanitation tariffs allowed recovery of only about 70 per cent of the operating costs, excluding depreciation allowances, financing costs and costs of maintenance of the infrastructure. In other words, given the general increase in major cost items for wastewater management, there has been an increasing gap between the actual tariffs and the level required for ensuring recovery of operating costs, let alone maintenance and depreciation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
How does the Paris outcome relate to trade? What are the policy implications for Commonwealth countries? The resulting accord, known as the Paris Agreement (hereinafter the Agreement), charts a course for both mitigation of emissions and adaptation to the impacts of climate change after the end of the Kyoto Protocol’s second commitment period in 2020.1 The decision to adopt the Agreement also contains elements of a work plan to be implemented in the 2016-2020 period.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Twelve countries supply benefits that cover the full period of leave, while 14 provide financial support for only part of the job-protected leave time. In the Czech Republic and Norway, payment spanned a longer period in 2011 than job protection, which could make it difficult for recipients of benefit for the full parental leave period to re-enter the labour market. France is the only country where the length of time for which allowances are received varies with the number of children. Labour market outcomes are likely to depend on the total duration of leave.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The text aims to reflect the experience of being a scholarship student in the discipline of nursing management in health services II, in the Undergraduate Program in Nursing at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul – UNISC. This discipline occurs in the seventh semester of the course, being held in a Basic Public Health Unit. Practice happens in groups of six to eight students and during the same period of time there are related themes which are developed in the classroom. This method helps professors and students, allowing them to observe and interact on the way of organizing and managing the Basic Health Unit, in order to be able to collaborate with the necessary improvements. We conclude that it contributes with the professional formation of the student scholarship and academic, guiding him/her to a more comprehensive look at management and decision making in developing health policy
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The goal of the operation phase is to maintain functionality and provide seamless services. This includes horizontal and vertical extensions, or general scaling of the solution in terms of features or size of the ecosystem. If the decision is made to extend the pilot, relevant stakeholders should be consulted to define goals, a roadmap and governance for leaving the pilot stage.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Revised EIA regulations, which came into effect in 2003, expand the possibility to require EIAs for proposed development in environmentally sensitive areas such as coasts, riverbanks and stream corridors (MoEP, 2008). Most EIAs consider species and habitat diversity, endangered species, and connectivity issues (i.e. with regard to ecological corridors). However, the terms of reference (ToRs) of EIAs only occasionally consider impacts on biodiversity directly, and EIAs seldom incorporate estimates of new development projects’ biodiversity costs and benefits.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
However a judiciously prepared business plan requires expert tools and professional advice which may be inaccessible to many women entrepreneurs. This is especially relevant as previous studies show that women entrepreneurs have a strong preference for banks as “partners” rather than dealing with them in a merely transactional relationship (Vital Voices, 2012). They tend to have more rigorous due diligence requirements for SMEs than banks in other regions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This chapter focuses on the nature, scope, and legitimacy of the use of force by UN peacekeeping operations within the framework of international law. Before clarifying the legal authority of UN peacekeepers to use force, it considers the historical and conceptual foundations and development of the use of force in UN peacekeeping. It then outlines the normative framework for use of force, including the categorization and legal bases for use of force under international law, and its relation to the jus ad bellum. The chapter also discusses the ‘basic principles’ of UN peacekeeping, namely consent of the main parties to the conflict, impartiality, and non-use of force except in self-defence, along with the goals of protecting civilians and responding to violations of international human rights law. Finally, it analyses the operational and practical challenges that arise due to the legal problems resulting from the use of force by UN peacekeepers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Table 8 lists the number of vessels with annual permits and the type of permits they hold (referred to as the coastal fleet). As indicated in the tables, a particular vessel may hold several different types of licences or annual permits. Regarding licences, a vessel may or may not, in the course of one or two years, participate in all fisheries for which it is licenced.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
In Mali, the Syama gold mine, majority owned by Australian-based Resolute Mining, is preparing to become the first fully automated mine in the world. This means that automated machinery will perform activities such as clearing of the drill point, extraction of the ore and loading of the ore onto haul trucks. However, the downside of adopting autonomous technologies is that this may lead to job tosses in the mining sector. Most of the gas flaring takes place upstream in the oil sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This second of three chapters featuring examples of arts-based approaches to environmental communication drawing on the book’s case study presents an audio-visual documentary script in which diverse documentary filmmakers, government communicators, hired public-relations specialists and others dialogue on the stewardship of Alberta’s bituminous sands as an issue of public health. The script is followed by discussion of the author’s choices of initiating idea, research sources, format, voices, the world of the story, its structure and visual style, and other notes on the meeting of synthesis, analysis and (re)presentation in the script. Included are analysis and commentary on scriptwriting theory, the creation and dissemination of the script, and reflections to help ground an initial framework for engaging broader publics through arts-based research in environmental scholarship.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Farmers need to apply for land use rights on farmland at the ward or village tract Farmland Administration Body (FAB) that submits the application to the township FAB for transmission to the district FAB. Applications for land use rights on VFV land should be submitted at the central level, which constitutes a major constraint for most smallholders living in remote rural areas. It should also review the means for investment and the work plan.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Courses: Popular Culture and Media, Communication and Community, Critical/Cultural Studies, Organizational Communication, Rhetoric and Public Advocacy, other courses with a focus on the use of digital and social media to organize groups Objectives: In this single class activity students will (a) analyze notions of activism and “slacktivism” from scholarly and popular sources to apply these concepts actively to critical theory, (b) enhance their understanding of how digital media—specifically social media—influences contemporary efforts to organize people through digital media for social change, and (c) critically reflect on their own participation and perceptions of activism in advocacy groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Increasing the use of affordable and reliable energy in remote rural communities can improve their capacity to deliver goods and services. For instance, the availability of reliable electricity is essential for a local restaurant that needs a refrigerator. In rural areas there is often insufficient business to support a full range of services provided through independent firms. A region may not be able to support a full-fledged home repair business, but could make use of the services of a travelling handyman that operates out of a fully-equipped vehicle.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Green belts have been implemented across the OECD, albeit with decidedly mixed results: as part of national urban policy in the United Kingdom or national spatial planning in the Netherlands, as well as around numerous cities, including Vienna, Barcelona, Budapest, Berlin, Hong Kong, Seoul, Tokyo, Toronto, Vancouver, Chicago, Sydney, and Melbourne (Kamal-Chaoui and Sanchez-Reaza, 2012). In both Japan and Korea, the national government defines zoning categories for municipalities that orient the form and intensity of local land uses, in Korea, for instance, zoning reform in 2008 included revisions to encourage mixed-use and transit-oriented development (OECD, 2012a). A global survey of planning practices in the mid-2000s found almost universal acceptance of comprehensive master planning or its equivalent (Friedmann, 2005). Typically, cities are mandated by national governments to produce master plans that specify future land uses and circulation patterns.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
These adults need training that is adjusted to their interests and their previously acquired competences. Finally, competitive enterprises that are keen to improve the skills of their staff, represent another highly demanding group of users. A quick look at figures shows that VET I schools are indeed already offering training to non-tradi-tional groups as well. Table 8.6 conveys official statistics from SAPTE that might not include non-formal training taking place in some VET schools and some rare partnerships with local authorities and NGOs in the framework of projects sponsored by international donors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
These issues were raised in the Task Force on Financial Integrity and Economic Development during the conference in September 2010. The 28th annual meeting of the Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) adopted a ban on discards in international waters on the major stocks regulated by NEAFC as a major contribution to the work towards sustainable and responsible management of fisheries in the high seas. Norway became a member of The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic TUnas, ICCAT, in 2004. Atlantic salmon is by far the most important specie.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Waikato District Council is an elected body responsible for managing resources and providing planning and new directions which will sustain and benefit the needs of the Waikato district in the present and future. The Council undertakes a broad list of activities to ensure the sustainability and safety of the district for its residents. It ensures access of farmers at the local level to government drought and flood assistance. Together with MAF, the Federated Farmers has set up Rural Support Trusts to provide assistance to rural communities in times of hardship, including during adverse events such as drought and floods.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
AbstractSocial conflicts are ubiquitous to the human condition and occur throughout markets, marketing processes, and marketing systems. When unchecked or unmitigated, social conflict can have devastating consequences for consumers, marketers, and societies, especially when conflict escalates to war. In this article, the authors offer a systemic analysis of the Colombian war economy, with its conflicted shadow and coping markets, to show how a growing network of fair-trade coffee actors has played a key role in transitioning the country’s war economy into a peace economy. They particularly draw attention to the sources of conflict in this market and highlight four transition mechanisms—empowerment, communication, community building, and regulation—through which marketers can contribute to peacemaking and thus produce mutually beneficial outcomes for consumers and society. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for marketing theory, practice, and public policy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Meeting this challenge will require harnessing all available energy resources and technologies, according to local circumstances, coupled with energy efficiency measures, especially to upgrade grids and reduce transmission losses. As well as reflecting local endowments and resource potential, the energy mix should evolve in such a way as to kick-start the structural transformation process, while maximizing the development opportunities within the energy value chain. While fossil-fuel-based generation is likely to play a continuing role where substantial sunk costs have already been incurred and in countries with significant reserves, a progressive move towards renewable technologies could offer substantial development opportunities as well as environmental co-benefits.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
These include the belief that women are much better placed than men to take care of children, or that the family might be harmed if mothers work outside the home. Economic and sociological insights on the persistence of gender differences in well-being outcomes are also discussed where relevant. The analysis presented in this section covers gender issues across the life cycle - from school to the start of a new family and the entry into the labour market to later life - and considers both economic (income, wages, occupation) and social (health, education, social relations) outcomes. There are significant differences amongst women and men that may be greater than differences between the two sexes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Through their “Men in the Kitchen” programme, Hopem encourages men, particularly young men, to participate more actively in maintaining the household. The organisation uses a mobile kitchen to engage with communities, as well as initiating debates on gender equality issues. Hopem has also introduced a television show focusing on issues previously identified in focus groups by men as not having opportunities to support actively women and girls. “
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
User fees accounted for 91.4 per cent of total revenues of the National Motorway Company in 2010. Along with the strong growth in the number of vehicles, there has been strong growth in the consumption of motor fuels. In 2008, nearly three-quarters of vehicles had an age of more than 10 years, and only 8 per cent were less than five years old.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Decentralisation may also have raised barriers to internal trade and the movement of factors of production because of weak administration and delays in document processing. The use of trade-distorting, revenue-raising measures by local governments increases the consumer price of goods, reduces competitiveness and discourages investment. Partly because of the resulting “compartmentalism” in the economy and the higher transactions costs for most economic activities caused by these activities, there is much donor interest and activity in improving local governance, including agricultural extension services and water and irrigation management (Box 2.1). Seven are involved in manufacturing and delivering farm inputs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The major global watersheds were then counted based on the proportion of tree cover lost and the risk score, and then divided by the total number of watersheds to get the percentage of watersheds that have the associated proportion of tree cover loss and risk. Data sources include the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FAO, 2015a). A similar analysis was also conducted for the main regions of the world.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
However, while market-income inequality continued to rise after the mid-1990s, much of the stabilising effect of taxes and benefits on household income inequality declined (Figure 10). Cash redistribution relies on three instruments: benefits, income taxes, and social security contributions. Overall, the redistribution trends were driven chiefly by benefits or, to be more precise, by changes in their receipt patterns and generosity. Changes in the numbers of unemployed and reforms to benefit eligibility criteria appear to have been particularly important factors, whereas benefit targeting seems to have played less of a role.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)