albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
It therefore follows logically that not only are tailored products and services required but it makes business sense to provide them. Yes, it’s the right thing to do, but it’s also the strategic thing to do for Westpac.’ Westpac is Australia’s oldest bank but it was on the brink of a meltdown in the early 1990s, posting a loss of AUS$1,6 billion in 1992. When Bob Joss was appointed CEO in 1993, he instituted a major sustainability drive, born of necessity rather than opportunity, as part of the bank’s turnaround. A diversity unit was established to push forward changes and a number of initiatives were successfully implemented, including the establishment of a Women’s Markets Unit in the late 1990s. This supports businesswomen by facilitating knowledge, information and networking.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The ‘Transfers to SECTOR’ numbers reported here include estimations for management and enforcement expenditures, where missing. World’s total values of production for catch and aquaculture were sourced from the FAO Yearbook, Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics, 2015. Both numbers have been corrected adding the value of seaweed production, aquaculture has also been adjusted to account for the value of Chinese production reported to the OECD.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Second, demand elasticities are relatively small with respect to price and supply elasticities are also low, at least in the short run. In order to get supply and demand back into balance after a supply shock, prices therefore have to vary rather strongly, especially if stocks are low. Third, because production takes considerable time in agriculture, supply cannot respond much to price changes in the short term, though it can do so much more once the production cycle is completed. The resulting lagged supply response to price changes can cause cyclical adjustments that add an extra degree of variability to the markets concerned.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
AbstractThis article assesses the role of good governance strategies in sustaining ecotourism. Using a qualitative method through exploratory research design, 18 good governance strategies that promote sustainable ecotourism were identified. Thereafter, a specific stakeholder survey (n = 250) was conducted in the eastern and northern tourist circuits in Tanzania. Through the discrete choice binary logit model, relationships between the identified strategies and specified ecotourism sustainability indicators were analysed by looking for the strategies that are more associated with each indicator. The findings show that sustainability of ecotourism in the country is mainly jeopardised by inadequate transparency, poor accountability practices and weak integration mechanisms between ecotourism operations and the country's development plans. As a result, poor governance has led to unproductive planning, inefficiencies and mismanagement of ecotourism resources. The study concluded by recommending accountability...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In both cases, large uncertainties remain. Sometimes they are due to methodological differences or different estimations for the value of a statistical life. The 2012 meta-study by Burtraw et al. ( As far as air pollution is concerned, power sources can largely be split into two groups: i) carbon-based electricity sources, including fossil fuels and biomass, with coal-fired plants causing damages that are considerably higher than those from natural gas, oil, or biomass, ii) sources that have impacts on air pollution from low-carbon electricity sources - nuclear, wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and tidal - are either negligible or zero, although some indirect emissions could arise during production.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
They make information about education and career pathways easy to find and understand, and they provide recognition and certification of competencies that encourage learners of all ages to keep learning. This diagnostic report identifies 14 skills challenges for Austria which were distilled from two interactive diagnostic workshops held with a range of stakeholders. It marshals a wide array of relevant OECD evidence, including Austria’s results from die Survey of Adults Skills (PIAAC), to shed furdier light on diese challenges.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
A number of additional traits are currently under review at MARD for feed/food use approval, including one soybean trait. On 27 August 2014, following just over a year review by Vietnam's Biosafety Committee, the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment issued the first Certificate of Biosafety for one of the insect resistant maize traits previously approved by MARD for food and feed use. The additional three traits have been subsequently received a Certificate of Biosafety.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
As for other EU member states, the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) defines the overall framework for the management of fish resources for these countries. One of the main elements of the CFP is that TACs allocated to member states for specific species and areas are based on the principle of relative stability. This means that fishing opportunities are allocated among the Member States in such a way as to ensure the relative stability of the fishing activities of each Member State for each stock concerned.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The new approach was initiated in two lower-income districts, Bronowice and Kosminek. In 1994, the Local Initiatives Programme was scaled up, to guarantee its continuity as a key environmental improvement strategy. The programme ensures that public and private stakeholders engage in cost-sharing partnerships to develop infrastructure and finance environmental improvements. Lublin has created an enabling environment for private investment in housing and microenterprises.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The present research article seeks to analyze the main aspects of Hans Kelsen and Herbert Hart's theories of international law from a critical perspective. To achieve this objective, a content analysis is carried out based on the documental research of the direct work of the authors, other authors who revalue this work and exponents of the critical theory of international law and international relations. For the proposed analysis, the epistemological and normative planes of the aforementioned theories are separated, which concludes that there is a greater harmony between the positivist and critical theories as far as the normative plane is concerned, while in the epistemological there is a strong discrepancy, particularly with Kelsen's methodological positivism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In all scenarios, the girls being minors were found to have got married to men above 21 years of age, out of their own free will. The larger bench went to the minutest detail to conclude that the object behind enacting the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act was to curb the menace of the prevalent child marriages. Court noted that indeed such marriages were illegal for several sociological and seemingly moral reasons. However, Court was dissatisfied that all the relevant laws contradict their illegalising clause by turning the disputed marriages voidable other than void ab initio.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In this way, some of the externalities of fed monoculture are internalized by extractive co-cultures, thus increasing the overall sustainability, profitability and resilience of aquaculture farms. The economic values of the environmental/societal services of extractive species should, therefore, be recognized and accounted for in the evaluation of the true value of the IMTA components. It is particularly important to recognize that once nutrients have entered coastal ecosystems, there are not many removal options available: the use of extractive species being one of the few realistic and cost-effective options. To improve the sustainability of anthropogenic nutrient loading practices such as aquaculture, incentives such as Nutrient Trading Credits (NTC) should be established as a means to promote nutrient load reduction or nutrient recovery.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Such information has been collected, for example, in the German Socio-Economic Panel Household Survey. It is made up of five components that represent typical living expenses for a reference family of two adults and two children: food, clothing and footwear, shelter, transportation, and other necessary goods and services. The total cost of the basket is calculated for 49 geographical areas in the 10 Canadian provinces.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
A police officer typically requires that a suspected drunk driver undergo a field sobriety test to confirm impairment before a breath test can be administered. The permissible drink drive limit across the United States is high - 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood - and well above the 50 milligram limit prescribed in most countries. The legal constraints applicable in the United States do not allow best practice enforcement to be carried out, and high rates of alcohol related road trauma continue.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Since the beginning of climate discussions, global energy-related carbon emissions have increased by 50% and electricity sector emissions have increased by 65%. The Durban Conference decided to work toward a new global agreement by 2015, which will come into force in 2020. Meanwhile, IEA analysis suggests that if investment patterns do not shift toward low-carbon by 2017, the lock-in of high emissions plants will mean that the 2°C target will be much costlier and more difficult to achieve.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
ON FEBRUARY 22, 2011, THE US SUPREME COURT decided Bruesewitz v Wyeth LLC, holding that the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 (NCVIA) preempts all design defect claims against vaccine manufacturers in which the plaintiff seeks compensation for injury or death caused by a vaccine’s adverse effects. The public health implications are profound because Congress designed the NCVIA to safeguard a social compact—ensuring access to vaccines by preventing the uncertainty of litigation, while also ensuring vaccine safety and effectiveness.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For customized printed objects, the potential differences between the 3D printing cost and the equivalent retail price are anywhere between eight and 80 times (DHL, 2016a). Small firms trade smaller quantities than big enterprises do. This suggests that fixed trade costs, such as logistics costs, often make up a greater share of the unit cost of their goods as compared to their rivals which export larger volumes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This reduces the capacity of Ethiopia’s social protection system to perform a transformative role and break the inter-generational transmission of poverty. Increase access to quality social services such as education, health and other services for children and adults with special needs. Improve completion rates among primary school children. Encourage the introduction of early childhood care where such facilities do not exist.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
For example, there are in all societies disparities of wealth between richer and poorer people, when these disparities are excessive, or tending to increase, cohesion is put at risk. Again, no society is without ethnic and cultural diversity, the question is how to manage diversity so that it becomes a source of mutual enrichment rather than a factor of division and conflict. A cohesive society is one which has developed satisfactory ways of coping with these and other strains in an open and democratic manner.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Adequate transport infrastructure is vital to overcome this gap and connect SMEs in low-density remote areas to hubs, ports and airports. The lack of such infrastructure results in a business ecosystem with higher costs than that of urban businesses. In addition, the goods and resources that provide the necessary value fail to reach the next step in the value chain or end up being more expensive and of lower quality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Approximately 5 700 persons were registered as directly employed in the aquaculture sector in 2013. In addition the Ministry is responsible for seafood safety and fish health, trade policy and market access. The Fish Sales Organisations Act was adopted 21 June 2013 and regulates the firsts hand sales of fish.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
This article was written for and submitted to the International Association of Law Schools Conference on Comparative Constitutional Law, Washington, DC (Sept. 11-12, 2009), hosted by the American University Washington College of Law and the Georgetown University Law Center. It generally describes the curriculum commitment of the Florida International University College of Law to inculcate perspectives from international law and comparative law into all domestic law courses. It offers some brief and tentative advice to instructors. The focus is on the basic, first-year survey course in U.S. constitutional law. An Appendix provides a set of sample Lessons on comparative constitutional law developed by the author.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In 2011, ICMBio received BRL 24 million from access fees and services in federal parks, with four parks accounting for most of the revenue (ICMBio, 2012a). The 2012 National Survey of Canadians revealed that visitation was critical in helping the population connect with protected areas and the institutions that manage them.* Only about 15% of people who had not visited a national park were able to say the same. Visiting is an important factor in helping give people a sense of stewardship towards their national parks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In this way, the plans were structured to meet the objectives and requirements of both the biodiversity sector and the target municipal planning departments and provincial environmental affairs and planning department. This proved to be an essential role for building trust and familiarity with the people involved and the contents of the work. Through a willingness to listen and understand their priorities and processes, this relationship helped to determine how best to achieve the objectives of both parties, for example, by sourcing co-financing to help fund projects suffering from budget cuts during the recession.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Modern science can exploit the qualities of these marginal crops and deploy it in varieties that will be more widely grown. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) has one of the world’s largest gene banks in the world for dryland crops. Excessive rainfall could wash away soils from the land to complement the impacts of degradation of the natural resource base due to agro-chemicals, overcultivation of soils, deforestation, slash-and-burn agriculture and deterioration of water sources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
This article introduces the complexities of framing the policy debate over invasive alien species or, more generally, bioinvasion. It suggests that there are six principal framing conceptualizations that have emerged or are gaining steam and credence: biodiversity and conservation, climate change and globalization, human security, “natural national security”, market failure, and the commons and global governance. Although the biodiversity approach dominates the international discourse at present, it presents a partial and hence distorting picture. Over time, as the problem of bioinvasion compounds, the inadequacy of the biodiversity frame will become generally apparent and so the other framings will gain in currency. Ultimately, bioinvasion must be viewed as a policy challenge for global environmental governance and justice. The author concludes by raising the limited possibility of developing an International Convention on Invasive Alien Species.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Such reforms comprise mainly two elements: i) reform of environmentally harmful subsidies, and ii) the introduction of environmental taxes and/or the strengthening of environment-related taxes or tax elements, possibly within an environmental tax reform in which a tax shift reducing distorting taxes on labour is implemented (see definition given under Section 3 and the discussion under Section 5.5). Fossil fuel subsidies have been shown in many countries to disproportionately benefit the richest 40 per cent of the population (del Grenado et al. Nonetheless, governments have to take care when reforming subsidies to ensure that the vulnerable are protected from energy price rises and indirect impacts, such as food price rises, by means of compensation - for possible approaches to social protection see Section 5.7.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
According to the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina No. U-28/10 of March 23, 2011 (OG FBiH, No. However, since it was not, and as the new law on forests has not yet been adopted, the forestry sector is unregulated at the level of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This expansion has made it possible for new ways of encouraging business innovation to be adopted, such as the granting of a subsidy to any company carrying out Technological and Industrial Development Programs (PDTI). The Fund will also incentivize the formation of venture capital funds. The reference model has continued to be the formation of offices of technology transfer and licensing, with little attention given to increasing the generation of useful knowledge as input for the technological advancement of companies through partnership.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Outcome of the 5th ITU symposium on ICTs, the environment and climate change. Available at yww,tpxialjn_k,qrg/art-yiew.php?id=134 (Accessed on July 29, 2011). Article titled 'Digital Dump'dated July 25,2011. Extended Producer Responsibility in a non-OECD context: The management of waste and electronic equipment in India at page 1.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
For instance, sanitation services are already inadequate (Figure 14). In Bali, average daily water consumption per person is 60 litres in rural areas and 120 litres in cities, but tourists consume up to 200 litres, and capacity is already insufficient (Bali, 2015). Meeting the target for visitor numbers could degrade the natural environment, reducing future benefits from tourism.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
How is it that the UK government continues to export weapons to Saudi Arabia for use in the war in Yemen, despite an explicit commitment to international humanitarian law (IHL)? And how is it that the High Court recently dismissed a case of judicial review, confirming that the government was ‘rationally entitled to conclude’ that arms exports pose no clear risk to IHL in Yemen? In what follows, I explain how a flexible interpretation of risk, reliance on secret information, and deference of the Court to the executive serve to facilitate rather than restrict arms exports. The judges’ decision provides a stamp of approval to an arms export policy that has directly contributed to the deaths of thousands of civilians in Yemen. Attention to the Saudi/Yemen case shows the political and legal manoeuvring that goes into managing the contradictions in government arms export policy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Group-based discrimination and exclusion exist across multiple dimensions—political participation, health care, personal security and education, to name a few—and generate chronic and overlapping vulnerabilities for minorities and other excluded groups by limiting their capabilities and their potential role in the larger society. Group violence and insecure lives. Vulnerability adds an important dimension to any assessment of human development and its progress. Human development is about not only expanding choices, but also whether those choices are secure and likely to exist in the future.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Abstract Over recent decades, several states have experienced mounting difficulties in fulfilling classic state functions such as guaranteeing territorial integrity and law and order. Some “failing states” have even seen the disappearance of all central authority: “state collapse”. Since 11 September 2001, this phenomenon has been particularly associated with terrorism, trans-border criminality and global instability. The international community presents this “Orthodox Failed States Narrative” as an objective, apolitical analysis of a “new” problem. The hegemonic account cherishes ideological assumptions that are seldom made explicit and veil power asymmetries in the international political economy. The securitisation of the Global South provides the pretext for confrontation and top-down restructuring of domestic politics by Coalitions of the Willing in the context of the Global War on Terror (GWOT). Through analysis of America's Somalia policy, this article illustrates theoretical flaws underpinning the...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Although it calls for caution when interpreting domain poverty outcomes, it also points towards the largely consistent results in terms of financial resources despite the comparatively large number of indicators included. Standard errors are calculated taking into account the survey sampling design. Levels of dimensional and monetary poverty are generally highest for UK, although deprivation with respect to access to basic services is smallest in this country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Making transportation inclusive means also ensuring the affordability of accessible transportation. Accessible ICTs, including mobile applications, government websites, public kiosks and automated teller machines, should be part of accessible urban development plans. Although compact cities can offer enormous potential for persons with disabilities, this potential will not materialize unless accessibility and nondiscrimination are prioritized.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In December 2005, the Ministry of Fisheries launched a website containing information on the status of New Zealand’s fish stocks (www.fish.govt.nz/en-nz/SOF/default.htm). The Ministry is working with tangata whenua and stakeholders to develop 26 management plans covering all of New Zealand’s 618 different fisheries management units or “fish stocks”. Fisheries plans will describe how to get the best value from fisheries within environmental limits, or standards, set by the government. So far the Minister has approved the Deemed Value and QMS introduction standards.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
If these meet the requirements, the commission determines the subsidies within the upper limits of subsidy rates set. Annual spending reached KZT 15.5 billion (USD 105 million) in 2011, compared to KZT 2.5 billion (USD 17 million) in 2009 (Figure 2.9). An important share of pedigree animals supplied within the programme is imported. Since 2010, imports have reached 20 000 heads per year, in addition to imports of semen from elite bulls for artificial insemination.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Chile has an ageing teaching force, which can be an opportunity. Chile needs more teachers, and needs to attract high-quality candidates to the profession. There is high demand for more teachers and younger teachers in Chile. This typical teacher reports having 15 years of teaching experience, and having completed teacher education or a training programme. While the typical teacher in Chile is female, the proportion of women to men in the teacher workforce is below the TALIS average (62.8% of teachers in Chile are female, in comparison to the TALIS average of 68.1%) School leaders in Chile are ageing as well.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)