albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The Victorian Government and tertiary education institutions should take steps to ensure that flexible ways of provision are in place for those who combine work and study through work-based, e-learning and distance education. Increasing emphasis on reskilling and up-skilling would offer new opportunities for TAFE institutes especially if the training entitlement could be refashioned to recognise the value in reverse articulation. In order to ensure a fully functioning human capital development system, transparent pathways for learners through the education system are required.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Extension of efficient irrigation methods are one of the priorities of the Turkish Government in agricultural policy, the application of drip and sprinkle irrigation techniques has started in the Araks/Aras River sub-basin. Organic agricultural practices have been adopted, for example, in grain production and fruit growing by some local producers and farmers. The Organic Agriculture Law was adopted in 2004.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The need for water has led Jordan to consider seriously a proposal to link the Red Sea to the Dead Sea aimed at replenishing the latter and using the drop in elevation near the Dead Sea to generate hydroelectric power to support desalination. Moreover, Jordan is considering investing in nuclear energy in order to fuel its need for water through desalination. Jordan has increased its desalination capacity significantly over the past decade by investing mostly in RO plants using brackish water.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Manufacturing and market-related production services account for more than half of the region’s employment and GVA. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) dominate the regional economy. This has been due to the expansion of a less educated and lower skilled workforce, and the inability of firms in major Catalan industries to move up the value chain via product innovation. Almost two-thirds of manufacturing employment is in medium-low or low-technology industries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This is mainly due to a projected 80% increase in global energy demand. Transport emissions are projected to double, due to a strong increase in demand for cars in developing countries. Historically, OECD economies have been responsible for most of the emissions. In the coming decades, increasing emissions will also be caused by high economic growth in some of the major emerging economies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
At the 2nd meeting, on 4 May, an introductory statement was made by the Director of the Forum secretariat. At the 3rd meeting, on 4 May 2015, a statement was made by Roman Michalak of the Joint Forestry' and Timber Section of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and FAO on the ECE/FAO study on progress towards global objectives on forests and challenges for the region. At its 4th meeting, on 5 May, an introductory statement was made by the Director of the Forum secretariat.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Section IV presents the econometric strategy, discusses data issues and analyses the results highlighting the most important supply-side constraints to agricultural exports. Sections V to VII present country case studies illustrating the mechanisms highlighted by the econometric work and the importance of some variables that the econometric work could not capture because of data limitations. Estimating the impact of the various supply-side constraints to agricultural trade: What kind of constraints restrict agricultural trade and why?
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In the post-9/11 and 7/7 world, law enforcement agencies are increasingly relying on terrorist profiles that are based on stereotypical group characteristics such as religion, race, ethnicity and national origin to single out persons for enhanced scrutiny. The purpose of this paper is, first, to examine whether this law enforcement method is compatible with international human rights standards and, second, to tentatively sketch some possible strategies of ensuring that law enforcement officers comply with these standards when engaging in anti-terrorism efforts. To do this, the paper looks at the police tactics employed after September 11 in three Western democracies: the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, the efforts of regional authorities to make their case at the national level also seem to play a role in funds allocation, which may lead to suboptimal outcomes. The result is that utility network companies do not have a long-term planning horizon, which leads to underinvestment in municipal utility networks. The national government and local akimats are promoting the installation of meters. For instance, the installation of heating meters for housing buildings can be financed at subsidised, low interest rates through a government financial vehicle, the Public Utilities Development Fund (Fund razvitie JKKh). Differentiated tariffs charging higher fees to consumers without meters are also increasingly common. They provide incentives for homeowners to install meters, but their actual impact on metering coverage varies across regions and subsectors (e.g. district heating, sew'age or water supply).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
It was created to strengthen the role of the Auvergne metropolitan area as a counterpart to the neighbouring metropoles of Lyon and Grenoble. It is responsible for developing and implementing the Territorial Coherence Plan (SCoT). It is a mixed syndicate, composed of 108 communes, including Clermont-Ferrand and 8 communities of communes.5 The area encompassing Grand Clermont is depicted the map below (Figure 2.6).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Clear and well-implemented policies helped to create the conditions for Myanmarese to benefit from the potential of the Internet. The Institute emphasizes the need for special computer facilities in order to process the huge number of sci-tech documents produced within the country. Such computer tools can be created through the use of bibliometric methods.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Tobacco consumption, which is partly behind the world’s highest lung cancer mortality rate among Hungarian men, has declined markedly since the mid-1990s, but remains at a high level, exceeding the OECD average. The government has recently taken steps to curtail tobacco and alcohol consumption by increasing excise taxes in November 2011, and introducing a smoking ban in public places, effective from 1 January 2012. Around two-thirds of Hungarian men and half of women are overweight or obese (Figure 4.2). High blood pressure affects close to 30% of those aged 25-64 years and type two diabetes affects approximately 10% of the population (HCSO, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
▪ Abstract This article reviews scholarship at the intersection of anthropology, criminal justice, and AIDS. Street ethnography is presented in a political and historical context, focusing on the distinctive ways that anthropologists have contributed to discussions of illegal drug and sex markets in poor urban neighborhoods. The review also considers subjects that may be explored by anthropologists in the future, including imprisonment as an institutional HIV risk factor that intensifies individual behavioral risk and the criminalization of intentional HIV transmission. This research area raises critical questions about how culture and law shape viral risk.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Product safety and efficacy are a concern as fake and outdated smuggled products commonly circulate to fill the void. As a result, contraceptive services are not only limited, but also of poor quality, with method failure a common problem. In Cambodia, the public sector is the main provider of female sterilization and injectables, while the commercial private sector is the lead provider of IUDs and social marketing accounts for a majority of condoms and pills (UNFPA, 2007, 2007a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Primeiro Seminario de Construgao de Cenarios do Projeto de Construgao de Consenso para Eletrificagao de Comunidades Rurais Localizadas em Areas Remotas e Isoladas. Rajiv Ghandi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana - Progress Reports. Retrieved September 01, 2009, from REC: http://powermin.gov.in/bharatnirman/pdf/ Progress on electrification of villages households.pdf Silveira, F.G., Carvalho, A.X.Y., Azzoni, C.R., Campolina, B. and Ibarra, A. (2007).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This number is thus an underestimate as it does not include congressional earmarks for aquaculture, aquaculture spending by other NMFS programs, or aquaculture spending by other US agencies (such as the USDA). With the exception of the BSAI crab fishery, all vessel/permit buybacks to date have involved some public funding. Aggregate public costs have amounted to almost USD 70 million, or approximately 25% of total buyback costs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
In emerging and developing economies, structural change has slowed since the crisis, as jobs are not moving from low- to higher-productivity sectors as fast as they had before. This has slowed progress in reducing vulnerable employment and the number of working poor. Chapter 1 showed that many countries in Latin America, several in Africa and a few in Asia experienced declines in income inequality between 2003 and 2010.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
This is often done by simply counting heads and names and by actively planning who to interview in each situation. Web tools such as Genews (2016) and Prognosis (2016) can be helpful for newsrooms to create the statistics. Genews (Swedish data) and Prognosis (Swedish, Danish, Finnish and Norwegian data available) analyse news articles automatically and look for names and words that refer to women or men. Prognosis also analyses whether names sound local or international.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, in terms of incidence, poverty levels declined across all regions (figure II.3.B). Unfortunately, in the context of the current global economic and financial crisis, which is slowing down rates of economic growth, faster rates of population growth in developing countries without commensurate increases in productive employment and with a lack of comprehensive social protection have exacerbated the declines in real per capita incomes and have thus contributed to a rise in the number of poor persons. Data on recent global employment trends released by the International Labour Organization (ILO) also show that based on growth projections, the number of unemployed persons globally could rise by 20 million in 2009 as a result of the economic crisis (International Labour Organization, 2009a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Per adult in the household. Under the current system a working-age individual with low earnings and no disabilities may be entitled to receive payments from one or more of three main benefit groups, unemployment benefits and social assistance, the Housing Benefit and Council Tax Benefit and Tax Credits. Different benefits within each of these three groups are internally co-ordinated and roughly based on the same framework, while there is close to no co-ordination across the three benefit groups, leading to a rather erratic incentive structure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Murri Courts are a specialist criminal law practice that includes Elders and respected  persons of the local Community Justice Group in the sentencing of Aboriginal and  Torres Strait Islander defendants. Drawing on an ethnographic study of two southeast  Queensland Murri Courts, this article explores the impact of State ordered out-ofhome care on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander defendants and their children. We  show how Community Justice Groups and specialist courts help to address the intergenerational impacts of child protection interventions. The rights of Australian Indigenous peoples to enjoy, maintain, control, protect and develop their kinship ties is  recognised under the Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld) and international human rights  treaties. We suggest that policymakers and legislators should better recognise and support Community Justice Groups and specialist courts as they provide an important  avenue for implementing the rights of Australian Indigenous peoples to recover and  maintain their kinship ties.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
People with the lowest level of education2 were over three times more likely to live with hypertension, diabetes and asthma or other chronic respiratory diseases, and nearly five times more likely to live with depression than those with the highest level of education in 2014.' However, as in other EU countries, there are notable variations according to income group: about 90% of people in the highest-income quintile reported to be in good health in 2015 compared with only about 70% of people in the lowest income group (Figure 4). Nonetheless, based on the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) estimations, nearly one quarter (24%) of the overall burden of disease in Cyprus in 2015 (measured in terms of DALYs) can be attributed to behavioural risk factors, notably smoking, but also risk factors often linked to poor diet and low physical activity (IHME, 2016). Men are considerably more likely to smoke than women (38% for men versus 14% for women, Figure 5).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The aim of this article is to show that the modernization of Chile’s environmental institutions (called Nueva Institucionalidad Ambiental, introduced in 2009/2010) consolidates the informal networks that have traditionally linked its main actors (investors, State and experts). Consequently, it is a public policy that despite the incorporation of governance standards marked by accountability, transparency and public participation does not contribute to the formation of citizenship and public agenda around models of development and use of natural resources, but limited to assess/ mitigate/legitimize pre-established agendas, introduced by productive, extractive or infrastructure investment projects. In our view, this is due to the tendency to oligarchization of the Chilean political system and of the domination of elites in general and the persistence of an accumulation model based on the extraction of natural resources. Both serve as a structural lock that bolts any substantive change of environmental policy in a more democratic direction
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This article explores how realism in political theory can inform our understanding of political corruption. Whereas political moralists see corruption as a problem of implementation, which does not undermine their values, realists see corruption as posing a more fundamental problem, challenging the very nature of politics and undermining the attempt to establish and exercise authority in the ordering of conflict and the allocation of resources. Recent realist work has sought to characterize a discrete type of “institutional” corruption, and to construct political corruption as the antithesis of good governance or impartiality. Other work has focused on the micro level, drawing on new insights from psychology and experimental economics to analyze individual decisions and motivations to behave corruptly. This article challenges scholars to build future research upon a richer understanding of the realities of political life that are intrinsic to both individual and institutional patterns of corruption.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Canada is an evolving human geography that has nurtured difference and made a unitary state impossible. In this short essay I allude to the historical-geographical construction of Canada and the type of confederation it encouraged. I show how deeply different identities are ingrained in the fabric of this country. As the state cannot provide equally for all these identities, I consider the special claims of Native peoples and French speakers, particularly in relation to those of multiculturalism, and argue that the country has a particular responsibility to those societies that were here before the Canadian state, and found it superimposed upon them. Overall, I try to show that Canadian patriotism, based less on an overriding meta-narrative (which the country had never found) than on an appreciation of difference and the responsibilities of citizenship, provides a welcome alternative to either an exclusionary ethnic nationalism or a borderless electronic postmodernity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Transboundary and global environmental harm present substantial challenges to state-centered (territorial) modalities of accountability and responsibility. The globalization of environmental degradation has triggered regulatory responses at various jurisdictional scales. These governance efforts, featuring various articulations of state and/or private authority, have struggled to address so-called “accountability deficits” in global environmental politics. Yet, it has also become clear that accountability and responsibility norms forged in domestic regulatory contexts cannot simply be transposed across borders. This special issue explores various conceptual perspectives on accountability and responsibility for transnational harm, and examines their application to different actor groups and environmental governance regimes. This introductory paper provides an overview of the major theoretical positions and examines some of the analytical challenges raised by the transnational (re)scaling of accountability and responsibility norms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The issue of public policy on accountability, transparency, and access to public information has now become a trend in most countries of the world. Among one of its objectives when evaluating institutions and public servants by their administrative and governmental decisions is to decrease corruption. Mexico is already a formal democracy, but the quality of its governments is still very low. Although these have been elected by the citizens, they continue without being accountable. In this paper, we analyze as a case study the State´s last recourse to repair what bad management and privileges caused: the national anticorruption system, its formation, and operation. We enunciate the limits and scope it faces.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Child Experience of Food Insecurity Is Associated with Child Diet and Physical Activity. The Journal of nutrition, 2015.145(3): p. 499-504. Sharkey, J., et al., Children's very low food security is associated with increased dietary intakes in energy, fat, and added sugar among Mexican-origin children (6-11 y) in Texas border Colonias.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
These banks could be allowed to set their interest rates freely and fund input traders, crop buyers and processors. They include fertiliser dealers often lending at 4-6% a month and wealthier villagers or townspeople lending at about 10% a month. Pawnshops lend at about 5% a month with collateral (HKS, 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Attackers would have to exert immense efforts in order to change information written on the blockchain, as the data would need to be manipulated on all blocks in the network and the blocks would then need to be re-validated. In addition, due to the decentralised network, a system failure of one node can be compensated by other nodes in the network. Blockchain technology can therefore offer a more secure alternative to traditional centralised network arrangements. However, its security is highly dependent on correct set-up, as discussed further.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
For the remaining countries in sub-Saharan Africa, however, the poverty and deprivation rates differ considerably. The low R-squared and the horizontal trend line indicate that there is no correlation between the two measures of poverty across the thirty countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This finding underlines the usefulness of using these two measures of poverty in a complementary manner to identify monetary poor and deprived households and children.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Experience and lessons learnt from the development process of REDD+ safeguards15 could be used to assist the design of environmental and social safeguards for climate change adaptation finance mechanisms. The key challenge for both REDD+ and EbA is to interpret and customise the over-arching principles at national and local-specific levels, developing criteria and indicators which are specific enough to reflect local circumstances, yet still align with the core principles of safeguards. This is critical because countries have different biodiversity and development priorities, and the interactions between biodiversity and climate change vary across spatial scales. It is good practice to make reports publicly available and to conduct independent third-party verification. Under the CCBA voluntary certification scheme, for example, project proponents are required to disseminate their full monitoring plan and the results of monitoring, ensuring that they are made publicly available on the internet and are communicated to the communities and other stakeholders. Project validation and verification are conducted by an accredited third-party auditor, and require site visits (CCBA, 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
They can help to address (mis)representations of employment in the sector and encourage a broader, more realistic view of the different types of roles a career in tourism offers. Policy and industry initiatives have focused on promoting and communicating the job opportunities offered by the sector to raise the profile and improve the image of tourism careers. An important starting point is to make young people in second-level education, along with their parents, careers advisors and other “influencers”, aware of the opportunities and show that there are good jobs in the sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Additionally, renewable energy depends on variable wind, sun and exogenous conditions that are intermittent and more difficult to schedule than conventional fossil fuels. Given the limited and still developing electricity storage technology' at utility scale, it is economical to integrate intermittent renewables into larger, flexible electricity systems. The fossil fuel-based generation can be backed down when renewables are available, and with an electricity grid system that covers large geographical areas, the available average renewable resources would be easier to schedule.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This implies a decrease in catch from the 2012-level of 60 000 tonnes, and a decrease in value of NOK 1.7 billion. The first-hand value of these farmed species amounted to NOK 29.6 billion in 2012 and NOK 39.8 billion in 2013. Fanning of other marine species is modest. Of this, exports of capture fish accounted for NOK 18.8 billion whereas farmed fish accounted for NOK 42.2 billion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The Local Government Units Public Financial Management (LGU PFM) Reform Roadmap and Implementation Strategy, an initiative launched by the national government in 2015, could consider this particular topic. Given the horizontal fragmentation of LGUs in Metro Cebu and the need to develop infrastructure across the whole metropolitan area (e.g. water, transport), this is a critical obstacle to finance urban green growth. The Board should be entitled to borrow from banks and on markets to make the necessary investment to carry out the functions devolved by the Local Government Code. By legislation, Metro Vancouver districts are required to operate balanced budgets and any deficit must be repaid immediately the follow ing year.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)