albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
This paper argues the possibility of establishing common principles of protection from psychosocial risks (PSR) on the basis of the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) expressed in recent cases on degrading treatment and occupational health. The author focuses on the positive obligations of the States to ensure the protection of the right for life and of the right to respect for private life. The prohibition of degrading treatment in relations between private persons is also considered as relevant to the issue of the protection from PSR. Analyzing the Court's case law (judgments of the Court) we substantiate the possibility of claiming protection from PSR under the European Convention on Human Rights, namely, articles 2, 3 and 6, 8.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The coordination and advisory function includes tasks (a), (d), (e), (f), (h) and (i). The executive function includes tasks (b), (c), (g) and (j). At the same time, the difference between the coordination and advisory function and the executive function is sometimes not distinct and depends on the extent of participation of an individual joint body in the implementation of a certain task.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This article investigates how the efficiency of the business environment and corruption (informal payments and state capture) affect the microeconomic performance of firms. The novelty of the study is to look at the interaction of these effects with firm ownership. We use firm-level micro data collected by the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) for 27 transition countries for 2002–09. Among other data, BEEPS collects information on different forms of corruption at the firm level and firm ownership. We find the somewhat surprising result that private firms (domestic and foreign-owned) are more involved in both informal payments and state capture. Our results also reveal that foreign-owned firms that are involved in informal payments are likely to benefit from these corrupt practices. On the other hand, state-owned firms are more likely to experience negative effects of involvement in corruption on productivity growth. After 2004 involvement of firms in corrupt practices diminish...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Of all commitments in the EECCA countries in 2013-14, the six largest projects were directed to either Uzbekistan or Ukraine (i.e. those supported by Japan, the World Bank Group and the European Investment Bank). This has significantly affected the entire landscape of climate-related development finance committed to the region in 2013-14. Such projects include high-efficiency gas-fired power plants, district heating, energy efficiency, transport sector infrastructure investment and water resource management (for adaptation).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This has resulted in many isolated initiatives and policies in critical sectors for green growth that have not addressed the metropolitan size of urbanisation and growth in Metro Cebu, and also in incoherence and management failures due to inconsistent policies across jurisdictions. The BRT is only being designed and implemented in Cebu City. Even though Cebu City is the largest LGU of the metropolitan area, Metro Cebu would benefit much more from a bus network that reaches out to adjacent LGUs, as many residents commute from these areas to Cebu City, or vice-versa.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Yet, institutions and policy and regulatory frameworks at the national and international levels have not kept pace with these changes. However, they also led to new risks and challenges for financial markets. Regulation needs to address these risks without stifling financial innovation. Improved dialogue between policymakers, regulators and new service providers is critical to finding the right balance. Governments should incorporate platforms for dialogue into their policy frameworks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work, OECD Publishing. In the past decades, effective medical and psychological treatments and differentiated, community-based mental health care systems have been developed. However, these improvements have so far neither translated into a substantially broader inclusion of people with a mental disorder into the workforce nor to financial independence. The evidence points to manifold reasons for this, including the still severe under-treatment, or delayed treatment, of people with a mental disorder, some intrinsic characteristics of even milder disorders like co-morbidity, chronicity and the role of the personality, as well as the lack of collaboration between the health care system, the employers and other stakeholders.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Load rejections are accommodated by a combination of several actions: rapidly running back the steam turbine to the new lower demand level, diverting the excess steam from the turbine to the main steam condenser unit or to the atmosphere if this is permitted by licensing regulations, and reducing reactor power via insertion of control rods without tripping the reactor. During this “house-load” operating mode, the reactor operates at a reduced power level that is still sufficient to produce enough electricity for its own needs, typically 5-8% of full power. Once the grid disturbance has been eliminated, the NPP can be re-synchronised to the grid, and its production quickly re-established to full power.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
I don't .now why. Children and adolescents require special protections, both because they are vulnerable to exploitation, abuse, and other harmful outcomes, and because they have less power than adults. Others believe that the stigma surrounding premarital sexual activity for girls is too high to obtain accurate information (Chong et al., Niger, for example, has the world’s highest adolescent birth rate and the highest child marriage rate overall, but girls in the country’s Zinder region are more than three times as likely to give birth before age 18 than their counterparts in the nation’s capital, Niamey.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Moreover, sufficient dietary availability at the household level does not guarantee that food intake meets the dietary requirements of individual household members, especially children and women. Nor does it imply that health status permits the biological utilization of food. Along with income to raise the level of food consumption, reducing hunger requires investments in other areas, such as basic health and education services, sanitation and safe water, and changes in health knowledge and behaviours, especially among women and care givers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The principle is to benefit from the expertise and experience of teachers who received the accreditation of pedagogical excellence (AEP, see below). In order to be members of the “Maestros” Teacher Network, AEP teachers need to go through a selection process which requires giving evidence, through the submission of a portfolio, that they have the skills to work well with their peers. The Network members design projects aimed at working with other teachers outside school hours. In recent years, a focus of the work has been the development of mentoring programmes for beginning teachers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The WIO is notable for its narrow shelves (Figure 8.2), with the exceptions of the central Mozambican region, where sediments from the largest river in East Africa, the Zambezi River, have extended the shelf break some 140 km offshore, and off parts of the Malagasy west coast, where large rivers such as the Betsiboka have been similarly influential. The East African shelf only averages 15-25 km in width (UNEP-GEF 2008), compared to a global average of around 80 km (Shepard 1963, Pinet 2009). Other areas where the shelf widens considerably beyond the local average are off the Thukela River in South Africa, the Limpopo River in southern Mozambique, the Ruvuma, Rufiji and Pangani rivers in Tanzania, and the Tana and Sabaki Rivers in Kenya. In parts of Kenya, northern Mozambique and the east coast of South Africa, the shelf break is as little as a few hundred metres to <4 km from the coast (Flemming 1981, Abuodha 2003, Green 2009a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Strategic objective H.2., “ Integrate gender perspectives in legislation, public policies programmes and projects," and Strategic Objective H.3, “Generate and disseminate gender-disaggregated data and information for planning and evaluation.” See also paragraphs 201 (b) and 205 (b) of the Beijing Platform, as well as paragraph 20 of the Beijing Declaration. As government entities, national women’s machineries tend to be perceived as prioritizing loyalty to State institutions over unequivocal advocacy for women’s rights. It also includes separate strategic objectives related to women’s political participation in the section pertaining to aimed conflict (see box below). Although many Arab States granted suffrage rights to women in the 1950s and 1960s, women have been systematically underrepresented in government, and it is only recently that they were able to vote and to stand for elections in some GCC countries.65 Nonetheless, recent years have been marked by positive trends in this area.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
ABSTRACTRevenge porn involves publicly releasing pictures of a person’s sexual activity, along with the means to contact that person, to provoke widespread shaming. This paper analyzes the US-based revenge porn website MyEx.com through discourse, legal, and information network analyses. The paper explores how revenge porn is not only an instance of online sexual violence rooted in abjection but also symptomatic of a new political economy of subjectivity, where both the human-based and the automated, algorithm-based circulation of personal information are at the center of processes through which the self is seen and valued, both socially and economically, by others.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The current global resurgence of religion is more wide ranging than a clash of civilizations driven by religious extremism, terrorism, or fundamentalism. This global cultural and religious shift is challenging our interpretation of the modern world - what it means to be modern - as a variety of social and religious groups struggle to find alternative paths to modernity. This book examines what this means for the key concepts and theories of international relations - international conflict and cooperation, diplomacy, the promotion of civil society, democracy, nation-building, and economic development-and how it is transforming them. The book serves as a guide for what it means to take cultural and religious pluralism seriously in the twenty-first century.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Yet recent years witnessed an increase in the activity of non-contracted physicians providing ambulatory care along with their steadily rising numbers. As the fees of non-contracted GPs and specialists are largely unregulated and only partly covered by social health insurance (see Section 4), access to ambulatory care is increasingly based on ability to pay rather than medical need. This may also contribute to disparities between Lander as well as between urban and rural areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Without it, individuals, families, societies and economies would not be able to survive and thrive. Yet everywhere, caregiving is devalued. As girls and women are the default providers of care,' this means they are less able to access income-generating work, escape poverty, be financially independent and accumulate savings, assets or retirement income for their later years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This article presents Foucault's governmentality as an analytical framework that is useful for interpreting and using empirics toward critical theory. Although Foucault viewed the discipline of geography narrowly regarding spatial patterns, his geographic sensibilities connect with contemporary critical human geography, which examines processes relationally from a topological, non-Euclidean view of space. Further, Foucault's novel approach to multiscalar analysis offers critical insight into one debate: whether scale as an analytical concept unproductively reifies hierarchy and obscures the mobilization of power. Foucault's ascending analysis clarifies how scale-sensitive analysis can illuminate the mobilization of power regarding its targets (as per techniques of biopower and disciplinary power) and its diffuse sources, and how actors’ practices can become unchained from normalizing societal pressures. Foucault's early scholarship on governmentality represents actors as unconscious of the regulatory fram...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
A comprehensive IWRM plan for the Araks/Aras Basin is under preparation, according to the Islamic Republic of Iran. A wastewater treatment plant is required from new industrial facilities, and the existing small-medium industrial facilities are required to complete their wastewater treatment plants. Any direct discharges into groundwater bodies are not allowed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Uranium resources are well-distributed around the world, with an important share in OECD countries (especially Australia, Canada and the United States). Because of these properties, nuclear energy played an important role in ensuring the security of energy supply in many OECD countries. Update on the Crisis Capability Index and the Supply/demand Index Quantification for EU-27, ECN-E-07-004/CIEP, www.ecn.nl/docs/library/report/2007/e07004.pdf. In this context, a source of energy such as nuclear, which is not strongly dependent on the access to imported fuels and can produce electricity with domestic infrastructures at a stable cost, provides the basis for reliable energy supply.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In some developing countries, subsidized energy prices reduce the incentive to introduce EE measures. The large number of small and dispersed end users and inefficient small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) also represent a particularly difficult barrier to EE improvements in many developing countries. Furthermore, a large number of developing countries lack an effective EE policy at the national level.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Pharmaceuticals (on the PBS) are provided to patients of Aboriginal Health Services at the time of consultations and at no cost to the patient, by a suitably qualified and approved health professional, in accordance with state law. Pregnant women are exempted for inpatient and outpatient care related to the pregnancy. Children under 4 only pay EUR 1.30 per prescription medicine and no co-insurance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Many believe that duties should be at the essence of citizenship. This paper dismisses this view, using EU law as the main context of analysis, by making five interrelated claims. (1) There are no empirically observable duties of EU citizenship, (2) such duties would lack any legal-theoretical foundation, if the contrary were true, (3) legal-theoretical foundations of the duties of citizenship are lacking also at the Member State level, (4) EU law plays an important role in undermining the ability of the Member States where residual duties remain to enforce them, (5) this development is part of a greater EU input into the strengthening of democracy, the rule of law and human rights in the Member States and reflects a general trend of de-dutification of citizenship around the democratic world. If these conclusions are correct, it is time to stop categorising EU citizenship duties among the desiderata of EU law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In countries where social institutions highly discriminate against women, gender norms are strongly enforced. Consequently, in those countries with high SIGI, both men and women are compelled to behave as expected by social institutions. Data on GDP per capita (in PPP), government expenditure and population in both origin and destination countries are taken from the Penn World Table.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In particular, variability and volatility of revenues for peak power plants, the load factor risk and peak prices may remain a concern. In this respect, IEA countries face different situations. Most states have already developed or improved energy markets and will continue to do so. While some regions face urgent generation adequacy constraints (the United Kingdom and Japan, for instance), most of other countries have enough excess-capacity, as a result of sluggish demand growth. In the latter case, reforming electricity market design is not seen as a pressing concern.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In 1978, approximately 900 families living in the LaSalle neighborhood of Niagara Falls, New York discovered that over 22,000 tons of toxic chemicals were buried in their midst. In response residents formed the Love Canal Homeowners' Association, which demanded state aid in relocating families, and neighborhood women became the organization's most visible leaders. While the group's protests and use of the media were clearly influenced by civil rights and other postwar social movements, its rhetoric emphasized state obligation to protect reproduction, children, and homes. Despite the women's liberation movement of the 1960s and 1970s, Love Canal women argued for relocation based on their traditional domestic roles. This maternalist activism demonstrates the mixed legacy of postwar social movements and the emergence of heterosexual reproduction as the basis of citizenship in 1980s America. This research contributes to the histories of women's political activism, public health and environmentalism, and 1970s America.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Concluding Observations Jamaica Sixth and Seventh Combined Periodic Report. Asshe points out: 'Owing to gender stereotypes related to family and work, such as "male breadwinners", "women as carers/nurturers”, this generally means that women assume the bulk of the work, to the detriment of their human rights enjoyment’(UN General Assembly 2013, para. Indeed, she argues The unequal distribution of unpaid care work is highly reflective and determinative of power relations between women and men.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
According to selected evidence, only about 10% of candidates who apply to primary-teacher studies are accepted. Applicants for teacher education must have passed the Finnish matriculation examination (or a foreign equivalent) or completed a three-year vocational education programme. The selection process for primary-teacher education involves two stages: an examination to assess applicants' academic learning skills and a combination of written questions and aptitude tests to assess their skills, motivation and commitment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
India is society time immemorial believes in decentralization. Its oldest literature refers 'panch' means five, implies importance of group of person for any political decision and rendering justice. This implies that super power can't be enjoyed alone, but shared amongst equals. On this basis old ages rulers were administering important affairs with delegating power to local subordinates. King Akbar in 16th century introduced land and revenue reforms with help of well represented ministry known as 'nine gems' and delegated executive powers to local bodies. After independence from the British rule, in the year 1947, the nation adopted republic democratic parliamentary system and adopted its basic charter to run affairs of the nation on 26th January 1950, the Constitutional Law of India serves as root and stem for federalism and its stand for half century is robust and time tested.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, actual functions depend on the decentralization policies in each country, and these functions are commonly restricted with respect to range of responsibility and/or level of authority. At this level powers are typically delegated by legislation or directive of a senior level of government. In developed countries it is common for these local authorities to have responsibility for such environmentally-related matters as land-use planning, wastewater treatment, solid waste management, and in some cases management of local energy utilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The distribution of disposable income may then give a reasonable indication of the distribution of economic welfare or the base on which to allocate public support (Jantti et al., As mentioned earlier with respect to UB benefits, there are pros and cons associated with the implementation of discretionary policy changes after a recession has begun. In the past decades, most structural adjustments have aimed at reducing the role played by assets-testing in determining overall benefit entitlements under the last tier of income assistance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Its policy is to introduce separate collection and appropriate management systems, together with information targeted at households and consumers, as well as advisory services, training and assistance to businesses. Separate collection applies to all recoverable items and “problem waste”. The volumes collected by voluntary delivery to PDRs have more than doubled since 1999. Many PDRs have set up a “trading posf. One of the three inter-communal syndicates, SIDEC, has established an exchange that is accessible by Internet.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Past unemployment provides a cheap signal to employers regarding low labour productivity, with adverse consequences for the individuals concerned. ( The estimate of X may therefore partially reflect duration dependence in non-receipt, i.e. the fact that non-receipt probabilities maybe tend to be greater, the longer the spell of non-receipt. The factors influencing duration dependence in nonreceipt however need not be the same as the factors influencing duration dependence in receipt. Because unemployment leads to a substantial running down of financial assets and savings, past unemployment may affect the chances of finding re-employment possibilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The objective of this article is to analyze the human rights of children in acritical perspective, since the simple affirmation of the rights of the child bothin the international field and at the national level has not proved sufficient forthe realization of human and fundamental rights. To this end, a study of thereport of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child of October 2015 wascarried out, which presented numerous violations of children's rights, especiallyof afro-Brazilian, indigenous, disabled and gendered children in Brazil.The inductive method was adopted with documental and bibliographic research.It was verified that it is necessary to establish a new paradigm of human rights,extending to the rights of children and adolescents, as a milestone in theparadigm of integral protection, considering the historical, sociological andcultural context of the peripheral societies and the recognition of the subjectand their guarantees fundamental rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The Romanian government is now taking steps to develop a national action plan on AMR. Data used in international comparisons of health care quality, such as the in-hospital case-fatality rate for acute myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke, are not available for Romania Moreover, the data that are collected, such as rates of nosocomial infections in hospitals, are not reliable. The National Authority for Quality Management in Health Care, established in 2015, is developing a quality assurance strategy and will expand the accreditation process from hospitals to all health care providers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)