albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The amount identified may result in an underestimation of total support to STI as individual projects or programmes not captured in detail in the budget, may include STI-related components. In addition, a budget view of STI-related ODA would not necessarily allow for disaggregation of activities by recipient country or type of aid, thus making ODA to STI not comparable to other cross-cutting themes and measures. It may also be difficult to properly assess the amount of ODA that supports STI from a developing country perspective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
One study surveyed 16 global voluntary sustainability standards across 10 major commodities and estimated a global traded value of US$31.6 billion in 2012.5 To be clear, these labels deal with more than just climate change issues, but carbon-based criteria are central to many of the schemes including, for example, Rainforest Alliance and UTZ. The State of Sustainability Initiatives Review 2014: Standards and Che Green Economy. First, the various methodologies for calculating embodied carbon are arguably not reliable enough to use as a basis for labels that will have signifcant trade and market impacts.6 There is no single agreed method for calculating a product's embedded carbon, and the differing assumptions used in terms of scope and boundary of the life-cycle assessment will yield dramatically different results for the same goods. As well, data availability, reliability and compatibility are critical problems, data at the producer level for agricultural products is particularly difficult.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It is therefore important to build in the flexibility to respond to changing adaptation needs and to ensure that the national approach to adaptation reflects the state of climate science and builds on lessons learned. For each tool, the potential role of development co-operation providers in supporting partner countries is discussed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
For example, some countries with career-based public employment have increased the level of school involvement in selecting teachers or in matching teachers to vacancies, or they have introduced performance-management schemes and devolved the responsibility for them to school leaders. More radical reforms of public-sector employment are rare, however, and often encounter significant resistance. But the shared goal of supporting teachers' professionalism throughout their career translates into many different approaches to selecting and evaluating teachers, and a wide range of career and compensation structures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The type and detail of data available across four countries are summarised in Box 2.4 and illustrate that challenges still remain. Che rail funding for biodiversity conservation amounted to 92 044.5 million rupees for 2013-14 from 77 schemes of 23 ministries/ departments. More generally, in India, overall funding for environment-related programmes is a very small proportion of the total annual budget. Between 2007-10 (under the 11th FYP), the annual budget for the Ministry of Environment and Forests (its name at that time) for various environmental programmes was around 0.012% of GDP and less than 0.25% of the annual national budget. More generally, data are available on the SEMARNAT budget (MXN 51.2 billion in 2011) and the relative shares of the commissions within this (CONANP’s share in 2011 was MXN 0.99 billion [1.9%], an increase from MXN 0.35 billion in 2002, and CONAFOR’s share was MXN 6.46 billion (i.e. 12.6%), a threefold increase in real terms since 2002). In comparison, the SAGARPA budget in 2011 was MXN 73.00 billion.**
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Selection-cutting, which means felling only some trees at each harvest, allows the forest to remain uneven-aged and averts the need to replant. Since it does not disrupt forest continuity the way clear-cutting does, selection-cutting is expected to allow for the survival of the most species. In Germany and Switzerland, selection-cutting is common and clear-cutting generally forbidden, while North America and Sweden are moving to this position (Lundel, 2013). In Poland, clear-cuts as a share of timber removal were halved to 18% between 1990 and 2012 (CSO, 2013). The area of clear-cuts decreased from more than 40 000 ha/year in 1980 to around 25 000 ha/year over the last decade (Figure 4.4).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Sustainable aquaculture should be ecologically efficient, environmentally benign, product-diversified, profitable and societally beneficial. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) has the potential to achieve these objectives by cultivating fed species (e.g.flnfishfed sustainable commercial diets) with extractive species, which utilize the inorganic (e.g. seaweeds) and organic (e.g. suspension-and deposit-feeders) excess nutrients from aquaculture for their growth. Thus, extractive aquaculture produces valuable biomass, while simultaneously rendering biomitigating services.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
See, e.g., Detrick 1999, pp. However, such separation and cutting of the linkages between the child and his/her parents is legitimate when necessary for the best interests of the child (e.g., in the case of abuse or neglect of the child by parents determined by a competent authority). See also In the Marriage of C. and J.A. Doyle (1992) 15 Fam L.R. 274 (Australia), and Joycelyn Pablo-Gualberto v. Crisanto Rafaelito Gualberto, G.R. No.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
In volume terms, Australian fisheries production increased slightly, by 476 tonnes to 237 540 tonnes. The volume of aquaculture production increased by 10% from 75 188 to 84 605 tonnes, accounting for 36% of total Australian fisheries production while that of capture fisheries declined by 4% to 157 505 tonnes. Stocks improved overall in 2013, compared with previous years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
One example of this is the energy transition project in the Netherlands, which is an explicit attempt to complement existing policies with a strategic long-term transition approach aimed at structural change, part of which involves using taxes and charges to level the playing field and then to foster diversity through creating space for niches but refrains from “picking winners”. Such government initiatives can achieve a significant impetus for change, although they are not without risk of capture by the incumbent energy regime which may limit options for radical change of the energy system (Kern and Smith, 2008). This adaptive capacity depends on the availability of resources such as alternative technologies, knowledge and capabilities, and governments can help to cushion the economic impacts of transition by investing in this capacity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This requires active communication to raise the profile of climate change issues. The Strategy envisages a broad, public-focused awareness-raising campaign, including printed and multimedia materials suitably adapted for different target groups. A series of media events, television programmes, workshops and other relevant awareness-raising events will be organized. The country ratified the Paris Agreement on 16 March 2017 (it entered into force for Bosnia and Herzegovina on 15 April 2017).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Between 2000 and 2005, colour revolutions swept away authoritarian and semi-authoritarian regimes in Serbia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine. Yet, after these initial successes, attempts to replicate strategies failed to produce regime change elsewhere in the region. This introductory article argues that students of democratization and democracy promotion should study not only the successful colour revolutions, but also the colour revolution prevention strategies adopted by authoritarian elites. The article proposes a new typology of authoritarian reactions to the challenge of democratization and presents the main findings of the special issue, devoted to the analysis of authoritarian reactions to colour revolution in the post-communist region and in Iran.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Both systems also heat water, which integrates with the existing systems on campus to heat the buildings and provide hot water on campus. The system not only provides a sustainable energy system for the campus. For northern communities, the bioenergy project shows how future energy supply in areas with access to biomass may provide a sustainable energy supply.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This article is based on an observation of the present and on some questions about the possibilities and limits of the transmission of a set of ideas - principles, values, methodologies, knowledge etc. - over time. Feminism, as a political and collective movement, which demands recognition and legitimacy, presumes strategies of permanent formation, and is confronted from time to time, with struggles that are related to its existence in the present and to its continuity in the future. The article aims at questioning concepts about the aging of the generations who gave support to feminist politics during the Brazilian re-democratization process in the late 1970s, which constituted itself the heritage of the so called "second wave". Our perspective aims to interrogate processes of social change, understood as contingent and also necessary, to a politics of intergenerational transmission.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This essay, written for a symposium in the Jerusalem Review of Legal Studies on Legislated Rights: Securing Human Rights Through Legislation (Cambridge University Press 2018, pb 2019), engages with the careful and challenging contributions by Ittai Bar-Siman-Tov, Lech Garlicki, Vicki Jackson, James Kelly, and Yaniv Roznai. Organised around the theme of the relevance of Legislated Rights in the real world of fallible legislatures, the essay explores seven themes: (1) the neglect of the legislature from court-centred modes of human rights discourse, (2) the central case method, (3) the relevance of real world legislatures to the central case method, (4) populism and non-central cases, (5) the good legislator, (6) the specification of rights and the general welfare, and (7) constitutional rights and judicial review.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This observation raises two important issues. First, in those countries where the change in trade policy w'as rather radical (e.g. an export ban), trade most probably had a more significant impact on volatility than stocks. The reports do not explicitly provide proof for this statement as none of the studies control for any of the confounding factors that might have influenced price volatility'.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Two aspects of Finland’s STI policy have been especially important: first, its commitment to public investment in R&D and education, even in the face of recession (as in the early 1990s), and the expansion of this investment in the second half of the 1990s, second, the leading role of w hat is now the Research and Innovation Council (RIC) in co-ordinating policies that took a systemic approach and led the development of STI policies. Finland’s recovery and success through the 1980s and more than the decade before the 2008 global financial crisis was built on these policies, as well as strengths established in earlier periods. Finland initially responded to the global financial crisis in a similar way as in the 1990s. The recent revival of the RIC provides an opportunity to establish new' and systemic policies that address national needs, development and growth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
As such, education plays an important civic role. A change in the Education Act in Sweden from 2016 (Proposal 2015/16:184) re-regulates the education for newly arrived students to help these children be integrated through education as soon as possible. Newly arrived students have the same rights and obligations as other students. Independent schools can make exceptions to established selection rules and can implement a special quota to include newly arrived students who have resided in Sweden for less than two years.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Not only do the consortium participants need to decide on the type of blockchain solution they want to build, but they also need to agree on adjacent issues before going further into development of the solution. Often times, the most pressing question is around legal set-up and guidelines of collaboration. For example, agreement needs to be reached on which legal form should be chosen for initial and future collaboration, who is contributing how much in investment and resources, how governance of the project should be set up, or who owns the intellectual property created during the project.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
However, attempts to introduce national urban policies need to be responsive to the national context and sensitive to the political culture as well as an appetite for such a policy. This makes it vital to understand the distinctive history and evolution of urban policy in each place, including the role of other territorial, rural and regional policies. Fblicies can attract investment -connecting big cities to intermediate ones, which provide the necessary linkages with rural areas.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The ISO Survey 2016 indicated four valid certificates being recorded in Mongolia in 2016. Impediments to the broader uptake of environmental management systems include organizational capacity, the cost (of international consultants) and the time to complete them. The 1998 Government Resolution No. The ministry responsible for environment set out "Rules on Ecolabel award to entities, organizations and individuals which manufacture environmentally friendly products and provide services" through the 2007 Ministerial Order No.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
It should be noted that the potential net losses of TSh 273 billion are likely to represent a lower limit, considering that, with population growth among other drivers, the rate of deforestation is likely to increase (and not remain constant as we have assumed here). These calculations are based on statistics that are currently captured in social accounting matrix and do not include the non-marketed values of forest ecosystems. These values will be discussed in the next chapter. In section 3.10, we used our constructed model to answer this question from an economy-wide perspective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In this introduction, game studies is argued to be a force of innovation for cultural studies. While game studies, as it has developed over the last 10 years, fits well within cultural studies' methodology and theory, it does more than benefit from cultural studies as a 'mother discipline'. Game studies proves itself to be a strong force, especially in its productive use of political economy to analyse games and gaming as a (new) cultural form. Building on a descriptive taxonomy of games and gaming by both genre and 'platform', this is an introduction to games and gaming for those with a cultural studies background. While ideally, game studies will develop also as cultural critique, this is a far cry from dominant practice in the gamer community. Gamers tend to be 'hand-in-glove' with the industry. It is high time for game studies to turn a critical eye on itself.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
For example, Zulu men play an important role in rituals that recognise the dead and guide their spirits to their spiritual homes (Henderson, 2011). Henderson coined the phrase 'absent presence' to describe the forms of separation between children and fathers in which the importance of fathers is retained through efforts to sustain rural homesteads, and their symbolic incorporation within the home even after death. In urban contexts, paternal 'absent presence' is sustained through remittances for individual children, mobile phone conversations, visits or even decisions to co-reside - the latter three practices often initiated by adolescents and arranged independently of their 'present' parents (Bray, 2009).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
They tend to have higher levels of education and income, and have gone further in realizing rights for women. Basic reproductive and other rights are mostly met. Gaps in affordable quality childcare, however, can make it difficult to balance work and family life, leading to people having fewer children than they want.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The Secretariat received comments from several ENVIRONET members, which informed a subsequent draft, this time as an OECD working paper in order to reach a wider climate and development co-operation audience. The authors would like to thank all ENVIRONET members for their inputs and advice. In addition, the authors circulated the paper to several OECD colleagues for review, including Nadine Gbossa, Nicolina Lamhauge, Jane Ellis and Michael Mullan, Juan Casado Asensio, Taka Kato, Ebba Dohlman, Henri-Bernard Solignac-Lecomte. Mariana Mirabile provided invaluable support checking the data. All of the contributions received helped to inform and strengthen the final version of this paper. Four international agreements with direct repercussions for development and environmental policy were adopted, namely the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN, 2015a), the Addis Ababa Action Agenda (AAAA) (UN, 2015b) , the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) and the Paris Climate Agreement (UNFCCC, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The most wide-ranging missions are: Barrio Adentro (primary health care), Robinson I and II (literacy and primary education), Ribas (secondary education), Sucre (higher education), Mercados de Alimentos Mercal (a food programme that in September 2008 distributed foodstuffs to 48% of the population), Vuelvan Caras (training in production and the running of cooperatives) and Habitat (land, housing and urban projects). As recently as 2005, there were heated protests against fuel price hikes in which campesinos and a large number of residents of the city of El Alto participated. These movements culminated in a transition government, which temporarily eased tension by nationalizing gas and petroleum and calling for a constituent assembly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This calls for including care in the economic analysis (care as the "shadow of work”), understanding its relationship to gender oppression and recognizing its value as a meaningful activity and a responsibility of citizenship. El cuidado como eje de politicas y de actores en America Latina", Seminarios y Conferencias series. Just for the sake of setting a cut-off age, there is no question that beyond the age of 80 the fragility- rate is high, independence is inconsistent and there is a risk of functional loss.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
One-third of participating families in two of the sampled municipalities reported incomes from sources other than agriculture. The case study of the Celeiro region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, focusing on two municipalities, noted the PAA's ability to add a social dimension and structure to local markets and commercialization channels for farmers who were otherwise resource-poor. A DAP is issued for free by authorized institutions, such as the official entities of technical aid and rural extension or agriculture federations and confederations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In order for this initiative to be viable, it normally has to be implemented at a national level. Finally it is important that the consumer of reusable products have documentation for the products in respect of not including undesirable materials in the product and those e.g. suitable standards are developed to ensure the quality of these products for commercial use. On the other hand, the reselling of used materials or building components such as window frames aim at reducing demolition waste.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
By using the proposed method, we could improve the utilization of link capacity by 45% compared with the conventional method. An all-optical network based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) seems one of promising solutions to this problem since many O/E and E/O converters in the network are eliminated, and it can realize veiy large capacity network by exploiting the advancing transmission technologies. A WDM network, however, exhibits inefficient bandwidth utilization because of its coarse bandw idth granularity. When the amount of traffic between two nodes is not large enough to fill one wavelength capacity, electrical sw itch/routers are often used with WDM nodes for traffic grooming, and thus the pow er consumption is still an issue in the case of carrying many small traffic paths [1], Therefore, an efficient sub-Aswitching with low power consumption is needed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
No single actor can accelerate progress towards maternal health. Effective collaboration among governments, businesses, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and development partners has proved necessary for rapid progress. A strategy of collaboration that draws on available local context, expertise and resources to provide health care to those in greatest need should be designed and implemented. The increasing role of the private sector in delivering health services in Africa provides an opportunity to complement the public sector with a view to delivering health care in low-income settings. This underlines the need to devise a health care business model that serves the needs of the low-income group, possibly through public-private partnership and franchising. Health innovations driven and implemented at the national level with limited involvement of the local people tend to have limited impact and less sustainability.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
During the 1990s, national (also known as “traditional”) minorities and their rights in pre—European Union (EU), postcommunist Europe were the focus of academic research, international activism, and domestic debates. The European organizations, such as the European Union, the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), and the Council of Europe (CoE), attempted to internationalize relations between the “host” states and national minorities. They tried different approaches, including publicizing best practices, identifying the most efficient ways to manage diversity, promoting minimum standards of minority rights, and pursuing “case-specific interventions,” engineered to prevent ethnic conflict.1 However, by and large, these initiatives received a cold shoulder from the intended norm takers (the postcommunist governments and societies) because, as Kymlicka argues,2 two main conditions—human rights guarantees and “desecuritization” of minority rights, understood as the ability to detach national security from minority issues—were missing in the postcommunist contexts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
However, the stimulus was smaller in size, had a shorter timespan, put less emphasis on credit and relied less on local government funding than that of 2009. As was the case with the post-Lehman Brothers stimulus package, the Chinese package relied heavily on infrastructure spending. A difference this time around was the greater focus of the new package on energy-saving and innovation. In addition to expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, the approach has also entailed forms of regulatory forbearance to encourage bank lending, although the new schedule is still fully consistent with the implementation of the capital adequacy reforms of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. In July 2012, the Government released the draft of its “Comprehensive Strategy for the Rebirth of Japan", a medium- to long-term growth strategy that would be in effect through fiscal year 2020.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)