albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The present study examined significant risk factors, including child maltreatment, for child psychopathology in a cross-cultural setting. Ninety-nine Mongolian boys, ages 3-10 years, were assessed. Primary caregivers (PCG) completed structured interviews including the Emory Combined Rating Scale (ECRS) and the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). Structural equation modeling identifies eight risk factors affecting child psychopathology: Three with direct effects (severity of physical punishment, PCG's MFQ score, and PCG's education), three with indirect effects (cultural acceptance of violence as discipline, presence of community violence, and contact with extended family), and two with direct and indirect effects (quality of marriage/presence of spousal abuse, and household size). Results support the ecological-transactional theory of developmental psychopathology in a cross-cultural setting. Structural equation modeling provides a useful technique to isolate specific sites for intervention, while maintaining a comprehensive perspective of risk factor interaction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It has a contestable component and another non-contestable one, the latter attending the vulnerable population that have been rendered unemployed as a result of a catastrophic disaster, and it pays the equivalent of 70% of the minimum wage. The third phase of PLANE involved two programmes: the Services Employment Programme (Programa de Empleo de Sen/icios - PES) and the Rural Employment Programme (Programa de Empleo Rural - PER). The secondary objectives of the PES included disaster prevention through the repair and construction of new infrastructure that requires large-scale use of labour. According to Landa and Lizarraga (2007, p. 134), PLANE Phase III had a positive impact for men because they received higher incomes and improved their opportunities for entering the labour market owing to the new skills they acquired.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In response to the devastating heat wave that killed at least 2,500 people across India in 2015, the government is launching a programme designed to protect people from extreme heat in two high-risk regions. In preparation for the onset of summer, the cities involved in the programme will have spent months educating children about heat risk, stocking hospitals with ice packs and extra water, and training medical workers to identify heat stress, dehydration and heat stroke. These plans, which are geared towards reducing health risks incrementally, present a unique opportunity to achieve policy integration. For instance, the so-called urban heat island3 effect, a major source of aggressive heat injurious to human health, can be reduced by creating more green spaces or utilizing different materials in construction4 (Silva, Phelan and Golden, 2010), which could contribute to building climate resilience and more sustainable cities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Smart city strategies in Emerging Asian countries are at varying stages of advancement, with those of China and Singapore being the most comprehensive, followed by those of India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Key recent trends are discussed below. As a response, China published two national-level strategies, which lay out principles for smart city design and applications of smart technologies. These strategies were developed further in the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Forests in the northern part of the country represent the southern edge of the boreal forest. The northern boreal forests comprise 84.7 per cent of the total forested area. The most common tree species are Siberian larch (Larix sibirica), Siberian pine (Pirns sibirica), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), Siberian fir (Abies sibirica) and a smaller, broad-leafed component composed of birch (Betula platyphylla), aspen (Populus tremula) and poplar (Populus diversifolia).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Economic growth - rising per capita output of material goods and services - has the potential to make all citizens better off materially, and to generate resources that can be used to achieve social goals and ensure that growth is maintained over the long term. Policy makers seek to improve the performance and long-term growth potential of economies, taking into account country-specific needs and circumstances, including their level of development and institutional capacities. Because progress is measured essentially at the level of an “average” individual, emphasis is placed on supply-side instruments, or policy actions that lead to increases in per capita output of goods and services over the longer term. Employment prospects, job satisfaction, health outcomes and educational opportunities matter for people’s well-being and are heavily conditioned by their socioeconomic status. The most disadvantaged often live shorter lives and find it difficult to break away from a vicious circle of educational underachievement, low skills and poor employment prospects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
There are two reasons for this. Firstly, the major clean-tech strengths of the Negev lie only in a subset of clean-tech activities: water efficiency, including wastewater treatment, desalination and drip irrigation, and renewable energies technologies, including solar, biofuel and geothermal energy production. Secondly, within this subset of activities, the Negev contains only a subset of the actors normally found in fully-fledged clean-tech clusters. Whilst it possesses research organisations, some lead customers, and innovative start-ups, there are gaps in the region’s business development services and growth finance, high-skilled labour and supplier base.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Real food price inflation is still a feature in most countries, but it is significantly higher and more volatile in developing countries than in OECD countries, as illustrated in Figure 1.5. One of the explanatory factors is a higher weight of food in the consumer basket of developing countries. Another factor is the higher integration in developed countries between food markets and other sectors of the economy, due to lengthier, more complex and diversified value-chains and market structures.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Finally, in 2006, Bechtel settled for a token amount in the wake of an international campaign against the company. The ICESCR recognizes that a country has obligations with regard to the realization of economic and social rights beyond its borders.137 However, it does not define how this obligation is to be interpreted or applied and, as a result, 'international assistance' is often interpreted narrowly as the obligation of high-income countries to provide ODA to poor countries. However, whether ODA contributes to the realization of rights varies depending on how it is used.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This thematic metric therefore adopted contributions from nature-based tourism to GDP and employment as a proxy. There is no data on forest-based ecotourism available for now, as there are no comprehensive data sets available on the economic importance of tourism and the statistical methodology for measuring sustainable tourism is still currently under development. More detailed data would be needed in order to calculate the direct GDP from forest-based ecotourism as a proportion of total GDP and the associated growth rates.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
At present, nearly all institutions in the Federal Public Administration are stepping up their efforts to design policies that are geared to narrowing the gender gap in their sectors of government. For these efforts to take hold and achieve long-lasting impact, it is crucial to systematically maximise the use of policy tools such as gender impact-assessments, gender-responsive budgeting and the collection of gender-disaggregated data that support evidence-based policy making. Accordingly, this chapter examines what tools and mechanisms Mexico is currently using in pursuit of its gender equality objectives. To that end, it references the OECD Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life to provide further guidance on how Mexico can ensure inclusive, sustainable gender-sensitive policies. While acknowledging gender equality as a cross-cutting objective that supports the country in achieving its national development goals, Mexico has committed to incorporating a gender perspective in all government actions, policies and laws.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Interestingly, more educated women spend less time on household work and more on labour market work. This confirms the findings of other studies on the effect of women's education in female labour force participation, and suggests that education can lead to a change in women's attitudes towards their own role in the household and in the workplace. At the same time, die opportunity cost of not working in terms of foregone earnings is higher, which provides an economic incentive to increase their time on labour market work. The level of education does not significantly impact husbands' time spent on housework, but increased education decreases their time spent on market work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
That is a small, but helpful impact. Clemens et al (2012) found that aid results in some degree of growth in recipient countries, although the magnitude of growth in relation to the amount of aid is in general modest, it varies greatly across recipients, and the results diminish at high levels of aid. Given its unique mandate to directly target development, improve welfare and reduce poverty, ODA remains an essential resource in many countries, especially the poorest—those with limited access to private finance and low levels of domestic resources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Its added advantage (when compared to turtle conservation) is the recreational opportunity offered to swim with these friendly animals. A study by the Zanzibar Association of Tourism Investors (ZATI) estimated that dolphin trips account for six per cent of all excursions by tourists in Zanzibar. It is estimated that the purpose of approximately 4 800 trips per year are for dolphin viewing and swimming (Gautam 2010).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
It also explores how couples of different ages share unpaid work and concludes that the gender gap in unpaid work is widest in older couples. It examines couples in which both partners do paid work and finds that, in general, they share unpaid work more equally than those where only one partner works. On the whole, though, the chapter finds that women do more work, paid and unpaid, as men. Section 4 looks at the factors that affect and shape the sharing of unpaid work and observes that with parenthood couples share paid and unpaid work the traditional way. The same section also considers child care and finds that, while mothers nurture young children, the gap in parenting between fathers and mothers decreases once children start school. Indeed, a high proportion of fathers' time with their children is quality time.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This approach is geared towards the production of knowledge and innovation, and contributes to raising awareness among Dutch citizens about water risks. Their activities often consist in infrastructure financing, capacity building and education programmes as well as policy guidance and they are a vital means of complementing limited public sector and operator capacity to undertake these activities. Hence, better educational materials for different grade levels related to water availability and sustainable development should be developed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In addition, given the environmental considerations in large scale irrigation schemes there has been reluctance of financial institutions to engage in these projects irrespective of their overall benefits. The Ogallala has been the source of substantial, large-scale irrigation development, beginning in the 1950s, when affordable technology became available for extracting groundwater and applying it to large fields of cotton, com, winter wheat, and sorghum. The number of wells on the Texas High Plains rose from 48 000 in 1958 to 101 000 in 2000, as farmers increased their production of irrigated crops. The Ogallala is largely a fossil aquifer with a very slow rate of natural recharge.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In Sweden, the opposite occurred, implying an increase in inequality. Panel D illustrates contrasting inequality developments in the two halves of the distribution: Spain experienced lower growth in top-sensitive income standards compared with the middle of the distribution, implying contracting inequalities in the upper-half of the income distribution, but at the same time slower growth in bottom-sensitive income standards compared with the middle of the distribution, implying increasing inequalities in the middle and lower-half of the income distribution. Whether inequality increases occurred across the whole distribution of income (such as in Sweden) or within a narrower part of the distribution (such as in the United States and even more so in Spain) would bear differential policy implications such as e.g. increasing top marginal tax rates versus introducing tax credits for low incomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
For example, if everyone's income falls by the same amount, no one will appear to have become any poorer in relative terms. It is adjusted for price inflation but not for changes in median incomes, so that "individuals may compare their material circumstances not only with those of the average person in the society in which they live, but also with their own in a previous period" (Matsaganis 2013, p. 10). Moreover, during economic crises, the anchored poverty rate is more sensitive to the deteriorating living conditions of the poor (Social Protection Committee 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
The aim of gender-progressive activists has been to render the definition of “human” more inclusive (Butler, 2005). An inclusive formulation of human rights is very relevant to this book’s scope of analysis. Where securitization relies on the discursive construction of the other as an existential threat, as explained in Chapter 2, in other words on the dehumanization of the enemy, the extension of the concept of human to include others by definition counteracts the securitization move. Individual or group rights can be claimed exclusively for one individual/group or inclusively for all individuals/groups within society.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
However, it has decided to drop the requisite since it could not hold off resources until the concession process was done. Instead, only the proof that a concession request has been submitted is now requested. Indeed, delays can be explained by the fact that all registers in REPDA are managed at the central level though by law the assignment of deeds is supposed to be decentralised through river basin councils.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It describes the governance of policies to improve rural infrastructure, outlines the main regional programmes, and reviews briefly the quality and coverage of rural services. It then discusses efforts to respond to skill demands from the agrifood sector through labour, immigration and education policies. It also reports on trends in education expenditure and outlines the performance of the education system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Cross-cultural theories of individualism and collectivism have stimulated the development of the personal constructs of independence and interdependence to help us understand the working out of their cultural dynamics. To delineate the contributions of both personal or independent and interpersonal or interdependent predictors of depressive symptomatology, this study assessed self-efficacy and relationship harmony (peer and family) among adolescents in Hong Kong and the United States. By applying both level- and structure- oriented techniques, the authors tested cultural differences in the levels of the constructs and their linkage across gender and culture. The path leading from self-efficacy to depressed symptoms was significantly stronger for American adolescents than for Hong Kong adolescents, whereas the path of relationship harmony was statistically equivalent across the two cultures. Both pathways supplemented one another in their effects on depressive symptomatology in both cultures, underscoring ...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Table 1.1 in chapter I reports world output growth with PPP weights as a comparator. The country is scheduled to withdraw from the EU at the end of March 2019. However, its performance is discussed in the context of this group of countries for reasons of geographic proximity and similarities in economic structure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Goal 14 addresses conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. And Goal 15 calls for the protection, restoration and promotion of the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, the sustainable management of forests, combating desertification, reversing land degradation, and halting biodiversity loss (United Nations, 2015). These aspects are discussed in different parts ofthe report.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
At the same time, the non-communicable diseases rose from less than 50 per cent to about 60 per cent of these deaths. A striking increase in accidents, injuries and poisoning are some of the increasing important issues concerning illness and death in Viet Nam today. As Hayes and others (2009) argued, such changes are due to swift socio-economic changes, which result in lifestyle-related causes of death. In terms of human resources providing health care, health workers are available in all communes and wards.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This close interrelationship makes assessment an important tool to signal and clarify the key goals that students are expected to achieve. However, if assessment only covers a small fraction of the valued curriculum goals, then the impact of assessment on teaching and learning can be restrictive (Harlen, 2007). Danish research indicates that the national goals seem to be implemented only to a limited degree at the school level (Normann Andersen and Strpmbaek Pedersen, 2012, Skolens Rejsehold, 2010). Research based on case studies published in 2008 found that a trend could be observed towards a more uniform, low-trust model between the school authorities (central and local) and schools, related to detailed standards for student achievement and a strict testing system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It is intended to inform professional learning, to guide self-reflection, self-improvement and development, and to guide the management of self and others. The development of the standard lasted from early 2010 to mid-2011 and involved research, drafting, critical review, feedback and testing through a series of pilot studies, guided and supported by an external expert steering group. The group included expert representatives from state and territory government employers, the catholic and independent school sectors, national professional associations and education boards, leadership institutes and Commonwealth and national school leadership experts.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Explicit NUPs show a higher extensive thematic attention to all the selected themes than partial NUPs, with economic development, spatial structure and human development equally drawing the extensive attention of half of explicit NUPs. Explicit NUPs pay less extensive attention to environmental sustainability and climate resilience, which is consistent with Figure 4.1, but to a much lesser extent than with partial NUPs. This thematic picture of NUP attention only considers the 108 NUPs that are in the formulation stage or beyond, out of 150 NUPs, and therefore does not reflect the emerging dynamics of 42 NUPs in elaboration.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Healthcare professions are the main scientific occupations where girls (17%) are more likely to see themselves working in the future than boys (6%), on average across OECD countries. For instance, in 45 education systems, “veterinarians” is among the top five science-related career that girls expect for themselves, compared to only 5 education systems where this is the case for boys. Similar disparities are observed for “nurses and midwives” and “dentists, pharmacists, physiotherapists, dieticians”. According to PISA 2015 data, on average across OECD countries, the association between exposure to enquiry-based teaching and expecting a career in science is more positive for girls, but only for male-dominated occupations, including engineers and science-related technicians (Figure 3.15). By contrast, the probability that students see themselves as health professionals - typically female-dominated occupations - increases equally for boys and girls when they are more exposed to enquiry-based teaching. Source: OECD, PISA 2015 Database.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
A system of public co-financing for some environmental NGOs activities was established in 2000. A recent poll found that only 19% of the population was aware of the public consultation process on management plans under the Water Framework Directive. Half of the people interviewed expressed an intention to participate (European Commission, 2009). It would be useful to examine ways of developing a volunteer culture in Luxembourg.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The privacy concerns discussed in the 1990s in relation to the New Genetics failed to anticipate the relevant issues for individuals, families, geneticists and society. Consumers, for example, can now buy their personal genetic information and share it online. The challenges facing genetic privacy have evolved as new biotechnologies have developed, and personal privacy is increasingly challenged by the irrepressible fl ow of electronic data between the personal and public spheres and by surveillance for terrorism and security risks. This book considers the right to know and the right not to know about our own and others’ genomes. It discusses new privacy concerns and developments in ethical thinking, with the greater emphasis on solidarity and equity. The multidisciplinary approach covers current topics such as biobanks and forensic databases, DIY testing, group rights and accountability, the food we eat and the role of the press and the new digital media.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Crosscountry differences in the design and scope of pension systems are built overtime and involve political choices, priorities and compromises that shape the structure of pension systems and the degree of redistribution that is promoted. Policy decisions over the years have also shaped the gender impacts of pension systems in specific socio-economic and labour market contexts. They have contributed to improve the content and arguments of the paper, but are of course not responsible for the shortcomings that may remain.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The first two ways will require international co-operation, the third will focus on national policies. Supporting risk reduction in the hotspot country and its market partners, 2. Mitigating impact diffusion, 3: increasing the resilience of 2nd tier countries. They can participate in regional or international efforts by sharing information, expertise, co-operating on research and development, technology and services trade, or even contribute to the actual management of risks.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)