albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Social movements, activists and experts have called attention to the adverse effects of such projects. The former Special Rapporteur on the right to adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living presented in a 2007 report basic principles and guidelines on development-based evictions and displacement, condemning disruptive development initiatives and recommending the adoption of policies that provide for popular participation, adequate compensation and proper resettlement schemes (A/HRC/4/18, annex I). Likewise, the current Rapporteur, in her 2009 report, referred to major international sports events such as the Olympic Games and the football World Cup, addressing the State's role in implementing pro-poor development (A/HRC/13/20, paras.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
A focus on urban road safety is therefore twice beneficial: in addition to preventing a number of deaths and serious injuries, the unlocking of active travel options is at stake. Research is needed to put a value on this fear and reveal the true scale of urban road safety benefits. Since the fear of crashes is a major burden in cities, it is natural to recommend measuring and monitoring it.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The capacities of all the organizations involved in an ICT for agriculture or rural development initiative should be developed to better take into account gender in their work and activities, whether these are farmer organizations or other development partners. At the organizational level it is important to ensure gender responsive systems and structures. In order to design and implement gender responsive ICT projects, organizations need gender aware staff, monitoring and evaluation systems that capture well what is happening on the ground, cooperation among staff with different tasks, and learning mechanism to deal with gender gaps when and where they surface. When policies and strategies are developed, it is crucial to ensure that all stakeholders are represented, including women and men at all levels.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Europe has witnessed a contradictory development in the field of migration over the last decade. On the one hand, most European countries have adopted policies to recruit in particular highly skilled immigrants and to include them more fully within the workforce and society at large. On the other hand, however, higher levels of immigration and cultural diversity have sparked an, at times, aggressive backlash against immigrants. In this context, right-wing populist parties have become successful contenders in elections across Europe, and anti-immigrant rhetoric has been repeatedly employed also by centrist and left-wing actors in competitive party politics (Bale, 2003, Bale et al., 2010, Mudde, 2007). In the post 9/11 environment (cross-border security issues, threats of terrorism, economic uncertainty), European party systems seem to be particularly vulnerable to the exploitation of anti-immigrant sentiments for electoral gains (see also Schmidtke and Zaslove, 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In the same year, 36 substances were added to the list of substances subject to control in the Russian Federation, including 27 new psychoactive substances. In addition, Belgium adopted a law providing for the listing of controlled substances according to definitions for generic groups. In December 2014, Finland brought into force new legislation introducing a definition of “new psychoactive substance” and listing 294 substances as psychoactive substances banned from the consumer market. The new legislation prohibits the production and supply of those substances, although it does not establish criminal liability for their possession or use.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Rural poverty and food insecurity are frequently the result of “institutional failures” (including coordination failures, land insecurity, gender discrimination and marginalization of indigenous populations), which prevent the development of more dynamic food production systems. To a large extent, low income and food insecurity among small-scale farm holders can be traced back to the lack of adequate access to land. Traditional land reform designed to improve access to land and provide support to different forms of association among farmers would help to effect economies of scale in production and, most importantly, in the marketing of food crops. However, changing land distribution practices, securing property rights and creating incentives that benefit small farm holders often require the formation of political coalitions that might challenge the status quo. An estimated 56 million hectares of land in developing countries were bought by foreigners in 2009, a tenfold rise from the previous decade, with two-thirds of these sometimes controversial “land grabs” occurring in Africa (Deininger et al., Improved national dialogue and empowerment of communities and traditional small-scale farmers is essential in countries engaged in land leasing to foreign investors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
About one third of OECD countries have achieved absolute decoupling. Groundwater withdrawal has increased in many parts of the world, at an alarming scale in India (Shah et al., Groundwater is a key source of water supply for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes in many parts of the world. More than 60% is consumed by agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions, producing 40% of the world’s food (Morris et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In South-East Asia, the ASEAN Power Grid project as well as the ADB-backed interconnection projects under the Greater Mekong Subregion programme promotes electricity trade and is complementary to the Asian Energy Highway. The programme notably connects China to South-East Asia. In addition, ASEAN initiated the Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline to enhance natural gas trade. Inter-subregional cooperation also exists, particularly between South Asia and Central Asia.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
A 2002 multi-state accord between NIRPC, SEWRPC, and CMAP, amended in 2008 to include the Southwest Michigan Regional Planning Commission, already exists and has been described as an “historic agreement in which the planning agencies have committed to work together as they consider major environmental and economic issues, enabling planning at the watershed or aquifer scale without the limitation of traditional political boundaries” (NIRPC, 2011). The accord originally led to research and projects related to regional water resource management, for example, the establishment of the Southern Lake Michigan Regional Water Supply Consortium in 2005 (CMAP, 2010b). More recently, the directors of the four constituent regional planning agencies have discussed coordination of projects to develop regional trails, with progress described by CMAP (2010c) in its report on regional greenways and trails in Northeastern Illinois. To facilitate regional co-ordination on transportation, the Tri-State Region would benefit from a long-term, cross-border regional transportation plan.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
However, such back-up power increases the overall costs of the systems. Other types of hybrids are also possible, such as photovoltaic-wind hybrid systems, which take advantage of the varying availability of the solar resource and the wind resource, allowing each renewable resource to supplement the other, and increasing the overall capacity factor. This includes, for instance, the introduction of off-grid solar PV products that are much smaller than the traditional 20-50 watt solar PV systems (sometimes called “pico-PV”).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Scholars of volunteering have long excluded the radical, political forms of formal volunteering from their analytical gaze, especially more contentious social movements and collective activist-protest volunteering. This false dichotomy hinders scholarship by perpetuating analytical blinders. The present chapter helps remedy this oversight by reviewing research and theory highlighting overlaps between conventional volunteering, including conventional political volunteering, and unconventional, social movement activism as volunteering. Conventional political volunteering and unconventional political activism are bothmeans for inclusion, participation, accountability, and change (sometimes even democratization) of polities. Both conventional political volunteering and protest activism rely on commitment, values, solidarities, and often altruism, as ordinary citizens seek solutions to collective problems/issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In the case of ECOWAS, capacity-building efforts have not been very successful and donors have struggled to co-ordinate and harmonise support. For the EAC, the lack of a legal mandate to enforce the implementation of regional legislation at the national level has meant there is no operational or enforcement mechanism to ensure this takes place. In the case of COMESA, the fragmentation in decision-making between the national and regional dimension is problematic, with a widespread perceived lack of legitimacy by COMESA among member states, and national governments unwilling to delegate sovereignty to a regional authority. Incidentally, many of these problems, Makhan (2011) argues, also apply to the EU, where Member States lack a common operational framework and bilateral agendas still determine development co-operation programmes, bilateral projects often have little or no regional components. The trade performance of the USA as a donor has also been examined.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
However, there is still a large number of subscribers in some developing countries who can't afford a mobile broadband terminal due to the price of mobile broadband smartphones or other factors. The introduction of the Emerging Market Entry-Level Terminal Industry Alliance promotes the new pattern of cooperation between entry-level terminal makers and operators, in which Huawei acts as the introducer of the alliance. Operators can offer many 3G or 4G terminals provided by those phone makers below USD 50 or even USD 20, which dramatically boosts the mobile broadband penetration ratio of the digital economy. This has now been successfully promoted in the South Pacific, South-east Asia, Northern Africa, Southern Africa and Latin America, among others. This project reduces the emerging market entry-level terminal price, allowing more people to connect to mobile broadband through terminals and developed digital services, greatly enriching people's lives. With the increase of the number of mobile broadband users and digital services, the utilization of the network has been improved, the income of the operators is increased, and the development of the whole industry is promoted.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
By 2012, tariffs imposed by ASEAN for all Korean products under the Normal TVack would be eliminated. The first negotiating round was held in March 2005, and after 15 more rounds AANZFTA was signed on 27 February 2009. The AANZFTA Agreement is the first comprehensive single undertaking agreement negotiated and signed by ASEAN with a dialogue partner - it covers trade in goods and services, electronic commerce, movement of natural persons (MNP), investment, economic co-operation, dispute settlement mechanism and specific provisions on customs procedures, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures, standards and technical regulations, intellectual property rights and competition.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
In this regard, enhancing capacities to assist policymakers in integrating gender concerns into national infrastructure planning and budgetary processes, in order to advance women's empowerment and enhance their access to infrastructure services, may be required. Importantly, greater focus on investment in improving the efficiency of policies, and rules and regulations is critical for infrastructure development in CSN in the region. Connecting people through infrastructure projects has laige spillover effects.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Large amounts of data are provided, often as absolute frequencies or counts of observations, making it difficult to discern the main differences between women and men. Additional processing and analysis are developed when more analytical reports or articles focused on specific topics are prepared. In those cases, the differences between women and men may become more visible.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Coverage and reimbursement decisions are made centrally. Poland is also one of the few countries to compare the cost-effectiveness of alternative technologies, to periodically reassess technologies in the benefit package, and to publish the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio used to inform coverage decisions (the current threshold is set at three times the Polish GDP per capita). Patient representatives are induded in HTA decisions through the Polish Ombudsman for Patients' Rights (Auraaen et aL, 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The two following practices are good illustrations of this process. In the city of Gothenburg (Sweden) a detailed working plan was finalised in 2010 and adopted as the regular system, with the goal to encourage more use of public transport and so-called flex-lines and bicycles, and to decrease the use of the expensive -municipality-paid - Special Transport Services (STS)6 and taxis. The project succeeded in that many STS passengers switched to using buses and trams (again). From 2008 to 2009, the number of STS trips decreased by 32 000 (5%) while the journeys with flex-lines increased from 132 000 to 137 000.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The coefficients are estimated from a linear probability model of an overqualification dummy based on the normative measure of mismatch, controlling for age, gender, years of education, literacy proficiency and an intercept. The coefficients should be interpreted as the percent change in the probability of overqualification as a function of the independent variable. Standard errors in brackets. *** More specifically, in addition to the control variables included in the previous regression, this model includes controls for firm size and type of contract (permanent versus temporary) as well as part-time work.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The articulation of private international law in Canada continues to be largely a judge-led enterprise. Outside Quebec, where since 1994 there has been comprehensive codification of this domain, and putting aside some specialised areas, notably family law, where there have been significant statutory inroads, Canadian conflict of laws remains for the moment a mainly common law field. Areas which in England are now largely controlled by statute or EU regulation - such as choice of law in contract and tort, and, for the most part, adjudicatory jurisdiction and enforcement of foreign judgments - are in Canada still mostly governed by the common law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
To achieve this, tax incentives and other assistance such as dereliction aid and gap funding schemes are provided to eliminate barriers for brownfield development. In the US, the Brownfield Act of 2002 sets out the arrangement for providing economic incentives and liability exemptions to developers in Brownfield sites. Prior to the enactment of the Brownfield Act, the federal government, through the 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), mobilised tax revenues from chemical and petroleum industries, which went to a trust fund (commonly known as Superfund) for cleaning up abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Unequal access to, and inefficient use of, public services, as well as financial fragility and the harm inflicted by natural hazards, demand an integrated and coordinated response at the local, national and international levels. Ensuring wider and inclusive access to public services can reduce rural/urban inequalities, disaster risk and food insecurity, as well as strengthen networks between cities and villages. Cities in poor countries need resources to support green technology transfer, and capacity development, and to improve access to soundly constructed housing, water and sanitation, electricity, health and education.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The Federal Budget Reform and the principle of outcome orientation are considered a great opportunity for gender budgeting and to promoting gender equality policies in Austria. It aims to employ existing funds in the equitable way in order to achieve effective equality of women and men within the national budget. The key foundation for gender-responsive budget management in all public authorities lies in the Austrian Federal Constitution: "Federation, Laender and municipalities have to aim at the equal status of women and men in the budget management.”
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Failure to receive a comparability finding will lead to prohibitions on the importation of the exporting nation’s associated fish and fish products into the United States. The proposed rule also calls for any intermediary nation that exports fish and fish products to the United States to prohibit the re-exportation of fish and fish products from any harvesting nation’s export fishery that is subject to an import prohibition pursuant to this rule. The proposed rule is currently in clearance in HQ.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
A falling but persistent net (i.e. unexplained) wage gap of about 7% in favour of men, coupled with under-representation of women as managers and entrepreneurs, further reduce the incentive for women to take full advantage of their high levels of human capital. Priority should be given to removing those barriers by increasing public spending on childcare and out-of-school-hours care at the cantonal and municipal levels. Existing regulations regarding childcare provision should also be investigated to see whether a broader range of price and quality childcare options is feasible.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Some banks report offering loans to women-led businesses through microfinance institutions. Yet gender-neutral policies and procedures can often have an “unintended differential impact on men and women” (World Bank and OECD/INFE, 2013). The premium that banks place on collateral and credit history, as well as, business experience and strategy, in their bank lending decisions tends to disadvantage women entrepreneurs given their relatively low level of economic integration compared to men. In addition, overly stringent risk management regimes may further discourage banks from taking risks in this new market. The Islamic Bank of Jordan added that a risk report from the Central Bank is also a key element, while the Arab Bank cited the importance of sector and market studies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This paper1 uses concepts of anxiety and Foucauldian governmentality to investigate the ways that the discourses supporting the ban on performance-enhancing drugs in sport have been manipulated and broadened to treat this issue as a public policy and health issue rather than an example of rule violation in sport. Some effects of this expansion include the broadening of drug testing to include testing for recreational drugs, the intrusion of both central governments and scientific experts into the issue and the curtailment of civil liberties for athletes. A further effect has been the perpetration of injustices against athletes under the guise of such injustices being necessary to maintain the integrity of sport.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Second, the large number of low-skilled adults in Portugal is a major barrier to growth and social cohesion. Third, leveraging both new government investments in adult learning and the National Skills Strategy process, which is both inter-ministerial and involves active stakeholder engagement, can help Portugal make progress in improving the skills of the adult population.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
For Mexico, 1995-97 is replaced by 1991-93. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. The OECD total does not include the non-OECD EU member states. The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia are included in the OECD total for both periods and in the EU for 2011-13.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The loss of these natural barriers makes coastal human settlements more vulnerable to meteorological phenomena. In general, the region's oceans are affected by water pollution from urban and agricultural activities carried out on land, which increase nutrient loads and cause eutrophication, due to urban expansion and the lack of wastewater treatment, lack of control of substances discharged from ships and oil spills, and the lower volumes of river water emptying into the ocean, which raises salinity levels. This new vision is beginning to inspire urban planning, development and legislative processes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Most importantly, cities have governance responsibilities and can develop policy frameworks for migrant inclusion in the cities of both origin and destination. Urban growth can be sustained when cities invest in their people: Rapid city growth can be difficult to sustain in terms of the impacts on urban infrastructure, environment and social fabric. Cities that are managing these challenges effectively make substantive investments in infrastructure especially in the latest digital technologies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Taking a close look at the interplay between different public actors involved in water policy making, the chapter diagnoses seven major multi-level governance gaps, based on selected indicators and data collection from the OECD Survey on Water Governance. Taking stock of existing principles, guidelines, indicators, indexes and checklists for good governance in the water sector, the OECD has designed a framework that identifies seven common multi-level governance gaps. These have been used to assess, based on selected proxies, the relative importance of the different multi-level governance challenges in the water sectors of 17 OECD countries (OECD, 2011). This chapter uses the same framework, to appraise the level of territorial and institutional fragmentation in the 13 LAC countries covered by this study.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Across countries at different level of development and with different social institutions, women represent an important share of the owners of such enterprises (Figure 29.1). In Mexico and South Africa, for example, women tend to be more prevalent in the informal sector and account for the majority of informal business owners without employees. Ownership of a micro-business in the informal sector is often the most practical source of employment for low-skilled and poor women. Most of these businesses are operated from home, which makes it easier to reconcile business and family commitments.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The purpose of this study was to examine conflict management in organizations as experienced in Kenyan secondary schools. Using a descriptive research design we collected data from 43 secondary schools in Machakos County, Kenya. We found that when the management is knowledgeable in conflict resolution, the schools also performed better. In spite of the limitations of our study these results reflect the central role conflict management plays in achieving organizational goals. Ergo we recommend integration of conflict management in leadership development programs for school principals.  Key words:  Conflict, Management and Organizations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)