albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
These can be continued and complemented with further focus on reducing recent inequities in specific groups: large performance gaps are seen between boys and girls and between native students and students with immigrant background. In addition, demographic changes imply a smaller proportion of younger people in Finland, and there have been some mismatches between supply and demand of study places and labour market needs. It combines early recognition by teachers of low performance with holistic support that involves both school and social welfare staff.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
But as VET systems gain importance, maintaining relevance is one of their central challenges. While all educational programmes should build relevant skills, VET providers are under particular pressure to ensure that their programmes teach skills that are aligned with the needs of local economies and employers. A positive factor is that the generally shorter length of VET programmes compared to more academic ones makes it easier for the government to implement these changes rapidly and effectively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In this situation, commonly the national employment service mainly manages Ul beneficiaries and local social welfare offices mainly manage social assistance beneficiaries. In countries such as Norway, Sweden and Switzerland, where the central government does not share the cost of social assistance benefit payments, local government management of social assistance is usually strict and only a fairly small proportion of the unemployed are on social assistance. Welfare reforms in 1996 in Canada and the United States, which reduced the federal share in funding welfare payments at the margin from 50% to zero, favoured a work-first approach to placement and falls in caseloads.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The main provider of data and the institutional partners for these statistics include the environmental, natural resources and wildlife authorities, and the government agency responsible for hunting. Non-detriment findings", avai lable from https://cites.unia. Policymakers need statistics on water resources, their abstraction, use and returns for many reasons, including to estimate the amount of available water resources, monitor abstraction from key water bodies to prevent overutilization, ensure equitable usage of abstracted water, and track the volume of water returned to the environment.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In the region, this segment accounts for 15% of all adults aged 60 or over and is growing at a rate of close to 4%. It is expected to double towards 2070, by the end of the century, 36.6% of the older population will be very elderly (ECLAC, 2012). Estimates based on official figures for 2001-2010 put persons with a disability at around 43.5 million, or 8.3% of the total population. Thus, account must be taken of the existing demand for care, the people who provide the sendees and the welfare system that has to meet that demand.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Serbia is due to adopt a new energy strategy though the associated action plan for the sector is lagging somewhat behind. This indicates that they are still developing policy, legal and institutional frameworks and that relevant legislation is not adopted and/or fully aligned with the relevant Energy Community acquis. In the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, at the time of the assessment, the energy law was not yet Third Energy Package-compliant and a clear strategy for the whole sector, including measurable objectives, is not in place.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Figure 4.2 presents simulated gains in skills at age 15 as induced by an increase in skills at age 14, by level of skills at age 14 for Korea. It shows that children who start out in different levels of skill deciles gained different amounts of skills in the next period. The effects of increasing social and emotional skills (in this case, children’s sense of responsibility, locus of control and self-esteem) at age 14 on social and emotional skills at age 15 increased with the level of social and emotional skills at age 14 (blue line in Panel B).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Extending the age of compulsory education laws can also reduce early marriage. A number of government initiatives have also been introduced in recent years to enhance skill training to women such as vocational training programmes to teach skills like sewing, computer literacy and spoken English. These efforts have been supplemented by the work of hundreds of NGOs, such as the Mann Deshi Foundation and the Sambhali Trust, working at the rural level, encouraging women's co-operatives in agriculture, livestock rearing and handicrafts. These policies should be expanded. As biases can begin very early in life, sometimes in subtle ways, it is important to influence early trajectories of inequality that are more difficult and costly to resolve over time (World Bank, 2012). Strategies in other countries that have shown positive results by addressing gender-specific constraints include increasing the proximity of schools to homes and building “girl-friendly” schools.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The park is also home to an agri-food research centre (Centro Ricerche e Studi Agroalimentari, Cersa). In Lombardy, science parks’ co-ordinating function needs also to be enhanced. This can usually be achieved optimally through a coherent institutional approach (see an example in Box 3.12). The situation in this region is similar to Lombardy. Although there is a strong internationalised backbone to the region’s manufacturing economy, there are many underperforming and non-innovative small and medium-sized enterprises.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
At a minimum, the high expectations for the process and the comparatively weak outcome, combined with the significant lack of trust generated by an opaque negotiating process, led in the following months to a lack of confidence in the UNFCCC process. The resulting mobilization across the system helped to demonstrate critical linkages between climate change and sustainable development, disaster risk reduction and humanitarian efforts, as well as the feasibility and readiness of the multilateral system to support countries' actions on climate change. In addition, building on the commitment in the Copenhagen Accord to increase funding for climate change adaptation and mitigation in developing countries to $100 billion by 2020, Ban Ki-moon launched the High-level Advisory Group on Climate Change Finance86 to assess potential sources of climate finance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In fact, health status is consistently ranked as one of the most valued aspects in people’s lives, together with having a job, in surveys conducted in OECD countries. Health status also has instrumental value because it enhances people’s opportunities to participate in education and training programmes and in the labour market as well as to have good social relationships. At the societal level, countries with better overall health outcomes also display higher average income and wealth, higher employment rates, higher rates of participation in political activities, higher social network support and higher overall life satisfaction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
As Box 3 shows from the Asian Development Bank’s experience, women’s representation in programme decision making can ensure that their needs are adequately addressed in infrastructure investments while at the same time promoting their voice and participation in the community. Pre-programme assessments and diagnostics should include issues related to unpaid care work, such as childcare or domestic tasks, to identifying entry points to address unpaid care work. It could also allow for the measurement of impact on unpaid care work and contribute to strengthening the knowledge base on what works to inform future infrastructure investments. Very few policies and programmes currently aim to do this, although innovative approaches are proving that it is possible.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Moreover, it required the regions to develop monitoring programmes for surface and groundwater in order to establish a coherent and comprehensive view of the physical, chemical, biological and hydrogeological status within each river basin. This legal text reclassified the entire national environmental legislation for pollution control, environmental impact assessment, and environmental decision making (Chapter 2). Part III defined water environmental standards and conditions for water resources management. In transposing the WFD, the Environmental Code divided the Italian territory into eight river basin districts (Serchio, Padano, Eastern Alps, Northern Apennines, Central Apennines, Southern Apennines, Sardinia and Sicily) and defined environmental and public health standards for water resources.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Furthermore, the inclusion of free Wi-Fi hotspots increases bandwidth up to the limits of current technology. This project is relevant to SDGs 8,9 and 11, making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. The project consists of three phases, with the aim of extension of the government ICT network to the lowest tier of administration and root-level citizens. Under phases I and II of this project, a high-speed Internet backbone network with high-capacity bandwidth using Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing technology has been established in all ministries, government directorates/departments, all 64 districts and 488 Upazilas (subdistricts) and 18 130 government offices, and 25 000 tabs have been distributed to government officials for enhancing use of ICT in public sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The phenomenon of IS will continue to grow in the short to medium term. Part of the reason for this relates to the fact that the reformation of Islam has largely stalled on account of the fight back from more conservative clerics. Demographic and environmental variables are also serving to fuel religious fundamentalism globally. Given the austerity measures adopted by many Western countries, security forces are not properly resourced to take on the challenge posed by these global jihadis. As a result, European security officials pessimistically believe that it is only a matter of time when terrorism once again strikes their cities. The IS franchise is going global with 17 regional affiliates and 60 sleeper cells around the world.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
How can international law better protect both international security and the human rights of people fleeing violence? International refugee law protects only the refugees: those fleeing across borders due to a well-founded persecution on the basis of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. The world’s other 42.3 million people displaced by violence have few protections under international law. This article proposes and sketches new international law to address this crucial human rights problem. I argue that a new Displaced Persons Convention to protect people fleeing violent conflict is needed to supplement the 1951 Refugee Convention. The Refugee Convention must be preserved because of the critical protections it provides for the rights of minorities and political dissidents. Adding a new Displaced Persons Convention would better protect the human rights of individuals fleeing violent conflict and state failure, further state interests, and improve international security.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Aid-for-trade providers include some 60 bilateral and multilateral donors that report their official development assistance to the OECD-DAC Creditor Reporting System (CRS). Since 2006 bilateral donors have provided almost two-thirds of total support for aid for trade and multilateral donors the rest. Regional and global programmes have attracted almost 15% of total aid-for-trade disbursements.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Managers might also consider asking about potentially important issues, such as traffic accidents while reading messages on a mobile phone. Data could be collected by continuous reporting, monitoring (e.g. surveys) and scheduled evaluations involving either all participants, subsamples or whole populations. A useful process indicator is the opt-out rate. The sample size for an evaluation of effectiveness should be based on pre-identified diversity in the population (e.g. geography, income, diabetic versus non-diabetic).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It has also placed special emphasis on “training the trainers,” thereby ensuring that its RTOs can deliver quality sustainability education. For example, the two departments coordinated a Green Skills Task Force that was announced at the NSW Green Skills Summit in 2009. The Green Skills Task Force included education and training representatives, key business and community leaders, environmental groups, sustainability advisers, apprentices and green-skilled workers.119 Most significantly, DET has coordinated closely with DECCW in implementing the Green Skills Strategy and in targeting funds towards high-visibility training needs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Between 2000 and 2013 the %TSE in Viet Nam fluctuated considerably due to large variations in MPS (Figure 2.16). However, since peaking in 2009 at VND 95 trillion (USD 5.3 billion), equivalent to 5% of GDP, the TSE has steadily declined to reach 1.36% in 2013. The fall in MPS, along with budgetary reductions for irrigation, are the main contributors to this decrease.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Abstract  Since the conferral of binding legal effect on the EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights with the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, the Court of Justice has taken an active role in developing the Charter as the leading source of human rights rules in the EU legal order. While the Court has begun to clarify some important points relating to the Charter, a number of significant issues still need to be addressed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Contemporary political discourses are replete with references to civil society, which is generally perceived to be a key element of modern society. However, there are varying views on what constitutes civil society. The rule of law— ensuring the equal treatment of all—is generally considered to be a necessary condition for its successful operation. In some opinions, civil society is integral to ideas of liberalism historically emanating from the Enlightenment and cannot be separated from dominant Western views of liberty, individualism, and citizenship (Chambers & Kymlicka, 2002). Such a notion of civil society has led some theorists to declare that it is alien to Islamic values and cannot be adopted into Muslim societies (e.g., Mardin, 1995). However, others disagree with this position (e.g., Hanafi, 2002, Sachedina, 2001, Sajoo, 2004).1
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Firms typically contribute according to the level of their payrolls and bear no responsibility for the costs of layoffs to society. As a result, UI represents an implicit subsidy from low-layoff to high-layoff firms. Any savings that are left upon retirement can be converted into a pension or may be withdrawn in their entirety. Similar to traditional SP, ISAs do not allow for the pooling of resources across different groups of workers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The measures should support green, smart and inclusive growth and should contribute to sustainable, low-impact fishing and aquaculture, innovation, income diversification, reconversion, improvement of science and a culture of compliance." This work will apply the principles of the OECD Green Growth Strategy to specific issues in the fisheries sector with a view to providing policy advice on how best to integrate these principles into policy in order to achieve goals. Energy in the fisheries sector is mainly in the form of fossil fuels, and is a major part of the overall costs of fishing in many cases.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
In fact, the GDP of agriculture increases by a staggering TSh 11 billion (US$ 7 million) as a result of the shock. These are sectors that m ust have a direct interest in the performance of the forestry and hunting sector because, if it underperforms, it will directly affect their bottom lines. The minister responsible for forest resources and their sustainable management can use this evidence to argue for the support of these interdependent sectors in sustainable forestry. The most compelling aspect of this prediction is that it is not based on some contentious economic valuation methodology, but on actual data on intersectoral transactions, as collected in the social accounting matrices for the United Republic of Tanzania.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Fiscal transparency and citizen participation in budgeting processes are widely promoted as means toward the ends of democratic accountability and responsiveness in the allocation and use of public funds. In the past decade, academics and practitioners enthusiastic about e-government have emphasized the potential for using information technology to enhance democratic governance. Putting these two streams of public administration theory and practice together, the authors developed criteria for assessing e-budgeting efforts and applied them to a sample of Web sites operated by state and local governments. Although practitioners are ahead of academics in exploring the potential of e-government for improving fiscal accountability and responsiveness, practice lags behind the relevant basic recommendations of the Government Finance Officers Association. This finding leads to research and practice agendas aimed at enhancing the use of e-government to enhance fiscal transparency and participation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Additionally, during the season of the spring-summer rains in the mountain ecosystems, soil erosion is accompanied by the destruction of vegetation. The wide-scale use of free natural gas in ordinary households has lead to a reduction in illegal logging. Restrictions have been placed on the grazing of livestock in places where this might have a negative impact on the growth and development of forests, particularly young trees and bushes. Currently, with regard to forest management, in the processes of the rehabilitation of degraded forest areas, special attention is paid to advanced technologies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The most relevant three employment barriers are low skills, weak work incentives resulting from high nonlabour incomes and health limitations. Although 72% report full-time work during most of the reference period, 82% declared zero or near-zero earnings. There can be multiple different reasons why survey data record very low earnings for individuals who seem to be working.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
However, in absolute terms, new immigrants add to the net inflows of every major occupational group. This means that the inflow of new foreign-bom workers deviates from the native-born pattern of occupational growth. Considering gender differences, the same pattern is observed for both men and women. Occupations are ranked in order of increasing average annual employment growth rates from 2000 to 2010. A positive difference in shares means that proportionally more new immigrants entered the group. ( Ol) Legislators, senior officials and managers, (02) Professionals, (03) Technicians and associate professionals, (04) Clerks, (05) Service workers and shop and market sales workers, (06) Skilled agricultural and fishery workers, (07) Craft and related trades workers, (08) Plant and machine operators and assemblers, (09) Elementary occupations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The 4350 km-long Mekong River flows from steep mountainous areas to sea-level delta as it passes through Tibet, China, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam. Along its course it encounters different types of economies, governance capacities, local water management practices and historical cross-border relations. Further, processes of economic change and greater interactions over space ranging from the local to the global scales increasingly underscore the understanding that managing water alone will not address the sources of contemporary water issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The activities of these NGOs are not properly linked with the pourashava activities. The absence of an integrated sectoral approach to manage urban health services is the reason for this lack of coordination. The prime causes include the following: public sector and NGO services are not always cheap for the poor because they often still have to buy medicine (in most cases, it is not provided for free) and make many informal payments (in the form of “tips”) at the facilities, the institutions are not poor-friendly, the poor are not fully aware of the entitlements of the NGO health cards, and waiting times are long, which leads to a loss of working hours when visiting the health facility. Low cost attracts the poor to public hospitals (mostly as the last resort), but varieties of informal payments and the negligence and poor attitudes of providers towards the poor cause them to lose confidence in the facilities and, ultimately, poor patients feel discouraged from utilizing the services. One respondent commented: “Health services are not for the poor. It is rather something that the rich can manage (through money or power)”.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
By 2009, protected areas and Natura 2000 sites covered about 130 000 ha of coastal waters, including all estuaries and rias,33 the most significant coastal lagoons, as well as a significant part of sand dune and rocky coastal area. Five new marine protected areas are being considered under the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention). Portugal is transposing the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC). An action plan to protect the bottlenose dolphin in the Sado estuary was adopted in 2009. About half was co-financed by the EU, including through the LIFE Nature and INTERREG programmes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The Dominican Republic’s INDC indicates that it would need USD 358.3m in incremental costs for the period 2005-30. Ghana’s BUR highlights project-specific cost needs (RoG 2015). Other countries (e.g. Cambodia, in its NC2, DCC 2015) highlights specific and qualitative adaptation-related capacity building needs, while others (e.g. Guatemala, in its INDC) indicate that international adaptation support will be needed, but do not specify how much.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Achievement is dependent on infrastructure and affordability but will also require the development of human skills. The chapter reviews how imbalances among these three factors can affect access and take up of the Internet. It highlights that, given that the deadline for completion is in about three years time, there is a need to accelerate growth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The amendments were not followed up by any subsidiary legislation and very little was implemented in practice. The Programme also indicates die urgency of revising die still-valid Regulations on delineation of responsibilities of specially authorized state bodies on use and protection of water resources (2002 Resolution of the Government No. The Law covers centralized, decentralized and autonomous (for a single building or farm) w'ater supply systems and aims to ensure their safety and reliability through measures related to drinking water quality control, protection of drinking water sources (e.g. sanitary protection zones) and uninterrupted drinking water supply in emergency situations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)