albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Although large projects are costly and unrealistic for SIDS, technologies are scalable, including dam-like structures built across narrow bays or river mouths and more novel designs of tidal lagoons. Where appropriate resource exists, tidal range is a feasible option, and in countries where hydropower is established there is an opportunity to use infrastructure, skills and experience already acquired to facilitate construction. It is also possible to integrate tidal range technology with other services, such as mariculture, shoreline development, flood protection and transport links between islands.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
In the case of the CETRAM Zapata, most commercial development has been connected to car park facilities, with no connections to the CETRAM.38 The overall result has little to do with encouraging transit-oriented development and the use of public rather than private transport. Another shortcoming of the modernisation projects is the limited access to the facilities for people with disabilities. The persistence of a divided public space within CETRAM and between the centres and their surrounding areas makes walking difficult (Medina, 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Stronger partnerships between tertiary education institutions and industrial associations could stimulate innovation in the modes of delivery of education and training. This would require transparent pathways between different levels of education and also between higher education institutions. In Penang, there is a lack of pathways between higher education institutions on the one hand, and between higher education institutions and vocational institutions.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
These costs will depend on the stakeholders involved in the monitoring process, the choice of indicators, the frequency of measurements and the extent to which biodiversity MRV can be coupled with carbon accounting (e.g. collecting biodiversity data from the same set of plots used to collect carbon stock data) (Gardner et al., One of the proposed approaches for biodiversity MRV is to integrate it with carbon accounting by mirroring the three-tier approach for MRV of carbon established by the IPCC. This could help reduce common barriers such as high costs and limited access to technical expertise (Gardner et al.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The PRINTS findings for access to education in Serbia suggest the need for a closer look at all points of transition to secondary and tertiary education. A Pearson product-moment correlation analysis carried out in the course of INTES methodology development used data from Ihe Corruption Barometer of Transparency International (the extent to which respondents perceive the education system in a specific country to be affected by corruption), and Ihe mean reading score in PISA 2009 adjusted for the country's socio-economic profile. The square of the correlation co-efficient shows a negative correlation between learning outcomes and perceived levels of corruption.9-,(> While numerous questions need to be answered before such analysis becomes sufliciently reliable, the tentative answers are good enough for orientation and support when working with assumptions about causality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
However, we want to be clear that this approach is not entirely new to Ethiopia - there are already ‘glimpses’ of a green economy in several sectors and locations, which we illustrate in section 3. However, over the last few years, and prior to the CRGE, several green economy-type activities have been in operation, albeit often at a small scale at project level. While few are supported by mainstream policy as yet, they are gaining in prominence.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The actions of the akimat and akim are binding on the whole territory of the administrative and territorial unit. The validity of the akimat's acts and decisions can be suspended completely or partially by the president, the government of Kazakhstan, a higher-level akimat or akim, or the akimat or akim themselves, as well as by court decisions (Makhmutova, 2006). Maslikhats, or local councils, are elected for a four-year term directly by the citizens of the representative territories and approve the “comprehensive development plan” of their region or city.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Moreover the marginal nature of most land makes extensive grazing of cattle the most common farm enterprise. Typically a large share of eth grazing land is communally held with ejido members having general access to this common property resource. Each farmer has a clear incentive to increase the number of cattle in his herd, because this is the only way to build income and wealth.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
One example of this is the existence of a predetermined rate-setting formula in the GP&L licence, as administered by the OPM, and in the Electricity Sector Reform Act, although the PUC is vested with the authority to determine and approve public suppliers’ tariffs. Such inefficient use of scarce human and capital resources will invariably lead to ineffective decisions and conflicting practices. Therefore, the PUC and the Guyana Energy Agency do not appear to be afforded the level of autonomy that well-functioning and transparent agencies of this nature require. Solid biomass accounts for the remaining 16 per cent of primary energy supply.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Access to irrigation reduces the risk of crop failure, encouraging the adoption of higher-yielding varieties of food crops, diversification into higher-value cash crops, application of fertilisers and pest management, and intensification of farm labour and practices (Van Koppen et al., According to the World Development Report 2008 (World Bank, 2007), irrigated land does not exceed 4% of total agricultural land in Sub-Saharan Africa, compared with 29% in East Asia and 39% in South Asia. In areas where farmers mostly rely on rain-fed agriculture, water availability is one of the most binding constraints on agricultural production.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
As discussed above, livelihood diversification in agriculture-based economies that incorporates non-farm income activities is considered an effective adaptation strategy. While these strategies have helped them respond to short-term needs, in the long term they pose a number of new challenges arising from natural resources degradation, in particular deforestation and land cover change, which has negative consequences for the condition of land and water. This environmental degradation will likely hamper adaptive capacity in the long term. Governments tend to create incentives for farmers to conserve water use through access to more efficient irrigations options. However, irrigation that is more efficient can prompt farmers to use more water through their expansion of the size of the cropland to be irrigated. In some cases, greater efficiency results in greater total water use (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2015a, chap.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Similarly, studies on the cultivation of FSF crops in paddy fallow revealed that these crops respond positively to balanced nutrient management inclusive of secondary and micronutrients. Similar results have been reported from watersheds in China, India, Thailand and Viet Nam (Wani, Pathak and Jangawad, 2003, Wani, Joshi and Raju, 2008, Wani etal., Chickpea is a crop that attracts little private-sector involvement because of its lowseed-multiplication rate, its production being limited to the rabi season, and vulnerability to storage pests throughout the intervening rainy season.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The development of relevant technology in developing countries and the transfer of advanced technology on appropriate terms from developed economies are thus at the heart of long-run development. Accordingly, target 8.F of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) calls upon the international community, in cooperation with the private sector, to make the benefits of new technologies available to developing countries. There were close to 5.3 billion mobile cellular subscriptions in the world as a whole by end-2010 (up from 4.6 billion in 2009) and the number of Internet users surpassed the 2 billion mark.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The challenge going forward is to search for similar effects in developing countries, where data availability remains an even larger challenge. In particular, this issue is quite relevant for African countries. In the search for available information to conduct the quantitative case studies presented below, this author encountered a lot of obstacles in identifying adequate datasets for nations in Africa. It aims to validate the existence of economic impact of broadband on GDP growth and job creation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The assistance that a household receives is equal to the household size times the gap between the per-capita household income and the minimum living standard. The Dibao programme has become the basic social assistance system in China. Before 2007, rural Dibao programme has been piloted in some provinces, and the number of pilot provinces has been increasing until the rural Dibao programme was finally extended all over the country in 2007. The urban Dibao programme developed very rapidly from 2000 to 2002, with the number of beneficiaries increasing from more than 4 million to 20.5 million over that period.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
It is based on information obtained from the Statistics Division and the Population Division of UN/DESA, as well as from the five United Nations regional commissions, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and national and private sources. Estimates for the most recent years were made by EAPD in consultation with the regional commissions, UNCTAD, UNWTO and participants in Project LINK, an international collaborative research group for econometric modelling coordinated jointly by EAPD and the University of Toronto. Forecasts for 2019 and 2020 are primarily based on the World Economic Forecasting Model of EAPD, with support from Project LINK. Historical data may differ from those in previous editions of WESP because of updating and changes in the availability of data for individual countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
It also encompasses the technical review of climate finance provided. This is an enhancement of the current framework, by requiring all developed countries (not just Annex II countries1) to report on climate finance provided and mobilised, extending the technical review of information on climate finance provided to all countries that include this in their national reports to the UNFCCC, and including the provision of finance within the “multilateral consideration of progress” for all Parties. The Paris Agreement also encourages all “other” countries that provide climate finance to report this information, and also encourages reporting of information on climate finance received. This paper explores how to improve the transparency of information reported to the UNFCCC on climate finance provided, mobilised and received. Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America. Improving the transparency of domestic climate finance, methods for estimating climate finance, and establishing quantified estimates of climate finance flows2 are outside the scope of this paper.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Finally, although women are more satisfied with their lives than men, they are more likely to experience negative emotions. Despite progress in mainstreaming gender perspectives in the collection and dissemination of national statistics, gender data and indicators are still insufficient or lack cross-country comparability in a number of critical well-being areas. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Pregnant women are exempt from copayment for normal delivery services. Pregnant women are also exempted from co-payments in outpatient care. The average co-payment for primary care provided in "ordinary practices" is NZD 28.20 (USD 19.06)_for children aged six to seventeen years old and NZD 2.60 for children aged less than six. For primary care provided in VLCA practices, these copayments are respectively of NZD 7.65 (USD 5.17) and NZD 0.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The Common Fisheries Policy, amended in 2002, incorporated the underlying principles of this approach, attaching greater importance to the sustainable exploitation of living resources in line with informed scientific opinion and calling for precautionary measures in the management of fisheries and aquaculture. The latter is the main operative instrument for the strategy set out in the National Strategic Plan for fisheries over the same period. It should be pointed out that changes were made in some areas in order to mitigate the adverse impact of higher fuel prices. This programme was part of the third Community Support Framework (CSF III) covering the period 2000-06.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
They stand at about 86% of the total population’s level of disposable income, ranging from close to 100% in Luxembourg and France to just under 75% in Australia, Denmark, and Estonia. In some, such as France, Hungary, and Austria, public transfers make up the bulk of retirement incomes. In other countries, capital incomes - especially from private pension schemes - play an important role. Examples are Canada, Israel, and the Netherlands.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
In Ulaanbaatar, heavy metal testing showed that concentrations of lead, cadmium and mercury in 58 samples were within the Mongolian norms (MNS 5850:2008). Kosheleva, Natalia E. et al. Pollution by heavy metals comes from different sources, such as tanning production, mining activities, traffic zones and heat and power engineering.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
There would be great value in further adapting this tool, or developing an alternative, for use in primary and secondary schools, and in TVET institutions. With the growing recognition of the value of whole school approaches to ESD, tools such as this one, which serve to illustrate what is meant by ‘whole school’, are an important step forward. With a recognition of their natural and cultural assets, many tertiary institutions in SIDS have begun to develop graduate programmes and research emphases on sustainability issues.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
This research presents a model of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) mediated by social network ties using gender as a moderator. In the proposed model, OCBs are influenced indirectly by the need for power-prestige, outcome interdependence, and person-organization fit through the mediation of instrumental ties and expressive ties, which are considered social network ties. Gender moderates several paths in the model. The moderating effects of gender are simultaneously examined using data collected in Taiwan. Test results show that the influence of the need for power-prestige on expressive ties is stronger for women than for men, and the influence of the need for power-prestige on instrumental ties is stronger for men than for women. Moreover, the influence of outcome interdependence on instrumental ties is stronger for men than for women. Finally, detailed findings and their implications are discussed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Yet low productivity and competitiveness, segmented transport infrastructure and other market barriers makes it more convenient to buy imported products. Female farmers who produce to sell on the market regularly experience these obstacles more severely than their male counterparts — a situation which undermines their capacity to grow their businesses, when it does not directly threaten their human security (IFAD, 2015, OECD/SWAC 2016). Women and men work side-by-side albeit with distinctive cropping patterns: they often cultivate separate crops or tend to different livestock.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Among the plants, conspicuous introductions are osage-orange (Maclura pomifera), honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) and ailanthus (Ailanthus altissima) from China. The importance of IAS is likely to increase in the future if climate change predictions hold true. There are also 17 officially designated natural monuments (IUCN Category III), but no independent sanctuaries or protected landscapes, no national parks (IUCN PA Category II) and no sustainable use zones (IUCN PA Category VI).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
It also proposes some concrete actions such as the establishment of an African Women Investment Bank and the implementation of Gender Equality Seal certification standards in Africa. The previous chapters examined the kinds of social and economic advances and disadvantages that women face, their political voice and role in decision-making, as well as the interaction of legal and social norms in both expanding and impeding women’s rights and opportunities. Chapter 7 reviewed some of the policy and institutional responses that governments have used to address gender inequality.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The privatisation of the commercialisation process is not without risks. Israel has many serial entrepreneurs but the success rate of Israeli entrepreneurs is limited. Part of its work is focussed work on specific needs of the north (e.g. road accidents in bypassed towns, route choice modelling or bituminous mixture for pavements).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The IMF has therefore projected growth of only 2.6 per cent for 2015. Namibia’s growth was primarily powered by its tertiary sector, with services accounting for 61 per cent of GDP (World Bank 2016a). All Commonwealth small states on the African mainland have close economic ties to South Africa and to each other.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
As a result, 14,030 women were elected to the Union Parishads in the 1997 elections. This number is much higher than the 1977 election, when only 863 women were elected (Begum 2012). However, the constitutional clause did not assign specific roles, power or responsibilities to the women, giving room for ambiguity. Each Union Parishad has 13 members: one chair, nine elected members from the general seats (mostly men) and three women members from reserved seats (The Local Government/Union Parishads Act, 2009, s. 10).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The introduction of big data into existing development and humanitarian learning networks could promote understanding and minimize duplication of efforts. Broadband technologies, along with the digital literacy skills to use them, enable people, groups and communities to create their own solutions, according to their local circumstances and traditions. However, it is important to remember that people - not technologies -must remain at the centre of development. On the other hand, smallholder farmers can use the Internet to diversify their activities and/or improve the productivity of their ancestral farm.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In addition, a special insurance policy costing 365 baht per year (about US$ 12) was also made available for migrant children up to seven years of age. The package is the same as that received by Thai citizens covered by the widely praised Universal Health Coverage Scheme, including access to immunization services and antiretroviral drugs. Migrant parents can buy a policy for their children who are aged over seven at the same rate as adults (2,200 baht or about US$ 70 per year).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
However, it is important to note that regional averages may mask wide differences among countries - China, for example, is an outlier in its region. In Latin America, for example, the share of STEM graduates was 22.8 per cent of the total in Mexico, but only 10.5 per cent in Brazil. In Africa, the share was 29.5 per cent in Ethiopia, but 8.9 per cent in Ghana. Numbers increased by 43 per cent in the United States, 53 per cent in Poland and 27 per cent in the Republic of Korea. The R&D gap also affects the capacity of countries to undertake foresight exercises that allow them to chart the path of their STI development on their own terms.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In Malta, patients need to pay for medicines not in the government formulary (i.e. many innovative drugs). Financial access to care for cancer patients across countries (cont.) Footnote by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Trondheim, Norway: Tapir Academic Press. Marine biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships: The potential for practical monitoring applications. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 161, 46-64. In H. Tunon (Ed.). Nordic IPBES-like Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Coastal Ecosystems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Centres of excellence in Indonesia also offer good examples of facilitating dialogue between TVET institutions and industries. These developments echo the case of the United States, where employer-driven training boards (the Workforce Investment Boards) was introduced about twenty years ago. The lesson from these experiences is that substantive leadership by employers as stakeholders, investors and consumers is important irrespective of the governance structures in place. Trained participants bring the new knowledge obtained from each session back to their company where they are expected to discuss action plans.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Factors considered when allocating funding among WAUs requesting assistance include the current state of the irrigation channels, the proposed rehabilitation work, the anticipated production increase and the management capability of the applicant. Over the six years 2005-10, the JITUT and JIDES programmes have supported the rehabilitation of farm level channels irrigating 433 137 and 276 819 ha respectively. The poor condition of the existing network and the lack of new development means irrigation is providing less and less benefit for agriculture. Only half of the current irrigation system is considered to be in good condition, with about one-third being medium to heavily damaged and in need of rehabilitation (Table 2.10). By comparison, 78% of the network was in good condition in 1999, with only 2% heavily damaged. Factors contributing to the deterioration include the lack of maintenance across all levels of the system, forest destruction and sedimentation, and natural disasters (Azdan, 2011).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
For example, in the Slovak Republic and Spain, patients need to pay certain innovative pharmaceuticals which are provided free in the other countries. In Canada, patients are required to pay for the pharmaceuticals used for treating diseases/conditions other than cancer (for cancer patients below age 65), those used outside of hospitals in Denmark and Sweden, and those used in the private sector in Portugal. In Denmark and Sweden, there are also maximum payment limits (in the former, for chronically ill patients with permanent or high use of pharmaceuticals), beyond which pharmaceuticals are provided for free.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)