albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
In that sense, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and two other ministries jointly issued a Circular on the Implementation of a Special Vocational/Skills Training Programme on 7 January 2009. In 2009 and 2010, training programmes will be offered to help several groups of people who have been hit by the financial crisis to find jobs. These groups include employees of enterprises with financial difficulties, rural migrant workers who have returned home without jobs, unemployed workers, which includes registered college graduates and unemployed rural migrant workers living in urban areas, and new labour market entrants.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The present study demonstrates that the urban poor of Bangladesh are at a significant disadvantage in terms of access to basic public and primary health services. Although 60 per cent of the slum dwellers interviewed had access to water at a reasonable distance from their homes, access was quite limited in terms of the number of households per source of water. In a good number of cases (47 per cent), one source was shared by 76-110 households.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Thus, the service packages available for the Costa Rican population do not discriminate according to different insurance schemes. From there on, the percentage of the population insured oscillated between 85.6 and 87.6% until 2008. After 2008, health care coverage increased again, reaching 94.7% of the population in 2014 - representing significant progress towards universal health coverage (Figure 1.7).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Policies that address outcomes and opportunities can complement each other and work in a virtuous cycle over time to achieve lower inequality and greater social cohesion. Conditional cash transfers, for example, aim to reduce inequality in outcomes while ensuring more equal opportunities for future generations (through incentives for investment in the human capital of children). Preferences can be measured by subjective attitudes towards redistribution and inequality and by beliefs about the origin and desirability of inequality and about social mobility.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Many of the sediments have been reworked by erosion cycles associated with varying sea levels and are exposed as palimpsest (relict) pavements along the mid and outer shelves, exposed to the action of fringing shelf-edge currents such as the Agulhas Current (Green and MacKay in press). These may be interspersed with submerged shorelines of varying ages which have added small, in situ quantities of rubble and bioclastic debris to the shelf system (Green and MacKay in press). Along the east coast of South Africa, the relict sediment is thinly overlain by a sheet of Holocene aged material, on average no more than 10 m thick with a few localised depocentres up to 30 m thick, usually associated with the localised convergence of littoral and geostrophic currents.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The city acquires land, prepares it for construction and use, and then sells the land to private developers. The role that the city takes on in this regard is not statutorily defined. The sale takes the form of leasehold: Amsterdam owns the majority of land in the city, and retains ownership after (re)development. Moreover, the increased value of existing property caused by investment in green and infrastructure flows in part to the municipality in the form of property tax.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In a similar vein, the youth job programme Yo Trabajo seeks to develop job skills among young people aged 18 to 24, via workshops and one-on-one work with participants (Vargas, 2014). Assessments of the programme indicate some weaknesses in implementation (Gregol de Farias, 2014). Schmidt and others (2011) found that 51.6% of the participants did not complete the training course.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Publicity for grants is made through the local media and presentations to municipalities and farm organisations. All projects are voluntary, with no landowner forced to participate in the programme. Farmers, while aware of the P trading programme, are not concerned with where the funding comes from for their BMPs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The issue of crimes with ( prima facie ) strictly national character is one of the most controversial in the relevant literature. It can be dealt with on two levels: procedural (international cooperation in criminal matters) and substantive (jurisdictional). This second level was touched upon in the case of the judgment of the Supreme Court of 29 March 2011 (III KK 365/10), in which it was recognised that the so-called internationalisation of criminal law enforcement must be connected to universalisation of legal goods. The authors argue both with the judgment itself and with the arguments that justify such a universal approach in the opinion of the Supreme Court.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
2010).Secondly, it is difficult to draw broad conclusions about what companies ought to do be doing, because the appropriate risk management strategy will depend upon their particular circumstance. Lastly, some adaptation responses are open to different interpretations. This can be seen from the classification of generic adaptation responses.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Second, a majority of the smallholder farms have functioned in isolation from the African knowledge and information systems that until now was the predominant model for promoting agricultural development in countries. It is their isolation, more than any other factor that makes them susceptible to external and internal shocks, and also impedes their ability to recover and respond. Linkages that enable them to be well networked into the innovation system are critical to enable them to consolidate their activities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Catches of fish species such as kilka have decreased 30-fold. Jellyfish came from the Black Sea, w'here a sharp drop in some fish stocks has been documented. Azerbaijan is part of the international cooperation on the monitoring and research on the Mnemiopsis leidyi, but for the time being there is no proposed solution. The species is monitored along the coast of Azerbaijan, and their number and biomass have been increasing through the years w'ith steep rises and declines. National programmes and actions plans contain components addressing water issues and together form the water policy. Given the amount of actors involved in water issues and the limited communication among them, the lack of water structural documents is an obstacle.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Introduction Marco Odello and Sofia Cavandoli 1. "Virtual World, Real Rights?" Human Rights and the Internet Diane Rowland 2. The Dilemma of Intervention: Human Rights and the UN Security Council Emma McClean 3. The Contribution of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the Promotion and Protection of Democracy in International Law Richard Burchill and Sofia Cavandoli 4. Human Rights Dimensions of Contemporary Environmental Protection Engobo Emeseh 5. Offenders, Deviants or Patients? Human Rights and the Incarcerated Offender Gareth Norris 6. Indigenous Rights in the Constitutional State Marco Odello 7. An International Convention on the Rights of Older People? John Williams 8. Humanitarian Aid, Human Rights and Corruption Indira Carr and Susan Breau
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It is therefore not the frequency but the intensity of cyclones that is worsening, with two combined phenomena: warming of the oceans - which creates more water vapour and therefore energizes cyclones as they form above the sea - and rising sea levels, which IPCC experts put at between 26 and 82 cm by the year 2100. The climate change now occurring is taking us towards ever more intense meteorological events. This was also the conclusion of two studies published in 2005, the first in Nature3, which showed that the total energy dissipated by hurricanes in the northern Atlantic and western Pacific had increased by 70 per cent over 30 years, and the second, in Science,4 which confirmed that the number of category four or five hurricanes increased by 57 per cent between 1970 and 2004.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) in Canada: Focus on Relationships, pp. Measuring Well-being, OECD Publishing, Paris. The International Electronic Journal of Rural and Remote Health Research, Education 14:2523, Practice and Policy, www.rrh.org.au/publishedarticles/article print 2523.pdf.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Second, the entity in charge of examining appeals must be independent of the micro-institution that is responsible for making or implementing decisions. Three possible mechanisms of appeal are commonly used: mediation, based on the common agreement to look for an acceptable settlement (e.g. through a conciliation commission), arbitration, which transfers decisions to independent parties, and courts. Costs tend to be higher for courts than for arbitration, and higher for arbitration than mediation. Other characteristics of institutions that are generally desirable are the capacity to coordinate and delegate, clear assignment of rights and responsibilities, involvement of stakeholders, methods of appeal, and capacity to promote good norms of behaviour (Table 2.2).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Figure 8 shows that there is in fact a positive correlation between agricultural revenue and all principal variable costs in the sample farms, the positive correlation is particularly evident with respect to the total farm expenditure (which includes all working expenses and depreciation). This suggests that there is an apparent transmission of changes in production costs to agricultural revenues in livestock farming, with stabilising effect on farm incomes. However, this is not confirmed by the farm data.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The 17 goals linked to 169 targets, progress on which will be measured against as many as 304 proposed indicators, provide a global framework of actions over the next 15 years to tackle critical socioeconomic and environmental challenges. The increased number of goals and targets reflects the level of ambition of the SDGs compared with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which had 8 goals, 21 targets and 60 indicators. Building on the initiative implemented during 2000-2015, the new focal point for action by the international community seeks not only to finish what the MDGs started but also to go beyond, including by identifying the means of implementation. While the goals have been mandated by Heads of State, they must be implemented within a somewhat piecemeal international architecture.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Meanwhile, the Global Fund’s guidelines are seen as encouraging countries to consider social and gender inequalities in their applications.45 Yet, it is not clear whether or not this recommendation has been followed in all cases, or how such considerations address existing inequities. In this regard, GHPs should analyse the specific factors that limit the access of poor people to health services, and ensure that their interventions help to overcome these limits. As Hanefeld (2008) points out: “GHIs [global health initiatives] need to consider social inequities, including gender inequities, in designing context-specific programmes, to ensure that these are equally accessible to women and men”.46 GHP policies and programmes should be checked for their potential longterm impact on social and gender inequities before they are implemented. For instance, the participation of pharmaceutical companies may have negative implications for equity, as there may be conflicts of interest.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
It would be important to recognise various forms of human trafficking as a separate offense in the penal codes of MENA countries. However, some countries have taken appropriate measures to overcome gender-based violence. Other MENA countries have abolished legal provisions offering a pardon to the abductor who marries his victim (Egypt).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The Australian government works with state and territory government and non-government education authorities, to ensure a continuing high level of teaching and learning in Australian schools. Most university public funding is provided by the Australian government, under the regulations contained in the Higher Education Support Act 2003. State and territory governments can accredit other tertiary institutions (through an accrediting authority), but the institutions must be listed on the Australian Qualifications Framework Register before they can award qualifications to students.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The nurses and doctors speak to you with affection, and they are always receptive to any question or situation you may have," she says. His peer group also leads workshops, forums and other activities that bring young people together to discuss issues ranging from responsible sexuality to gender-based violence. Sometimes as many as 1,000 young people turn up for events.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The programme was thus incorporated into the system of planning, budget, disbursement, procurement, accountability for results and value for money. To this end, the presidency through the Ministry of Devolution and Planning spearheaded Huduma Kenya as a flagship project under the Kenya Vision 2030. Drawing on definitions adopted for the business sector and their adaptation in public innovation measurement, public sector innovation can be defined as the implementation by a public sector organisation of new or significantly improved operations or products (OECD, 2012).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
For meaningful biofuel analyses we included also other MAGNET modules in the model. Necessary is the flexible production structure to enable substitution between biomass based ethanol and biodiesel on the one hand, and crude oil based petrol and diesel on the other hand. Including the by-products from the production of biodiesel and ethanol, such as DDGS, molasses and oil cakes, is highly relevant for the analysis of biofuel support policies. Other characteristics of the agricultural sector are also important, such as the segmented mobile factor markets (as agricultural factor prices deviate from these prices in other sectors) and all agricultural policies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Several countries have developed combined public-private arrangements for home-based assistance for older adults, the chronically ill and persons with disabilities. The services are basic and usually include personal hygiene assistance, housecleaning, cooking, shopping and companionship. Some encompass primary health care and nursing.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
There is little evidence of a counter-narrative amongst men, perhaps because childcare is not explicitly valued in constructions of masculinity - a situation that is not dissimilar to that of other contexts in the global South and North, but is more disempowering in this region because there are so few alternative ways for men to contribute to family life. Middle-aged and older women see themselves and each other as hubs in the wheel of care. Yet they are blamed and vilified by other women and children for passing on misfortune.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This further highlights the inequity of the government’s employment programmes, which are primarily focused on university graduates. While it is tnie that these youth are at least covered by health insurance, they are not saving up towards any old age pension. With the ALMP reform, this situation is set to change. The eligibility criteria include the length of time spent unemployed.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
To fully appreciate the role that governance can play in reducing poverty, it is important to make a distinction between public policy, on the one hand, and governance, on the other. Public policy is made—and implemented—within a governance framework. The latter can facilitate the policy process, but it may also hinder it.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
It presents a conceptual framework for indicator use and, building on the indicator frameworks under the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), provides an overview' of indicators that are beginning to emerge. The chapter concludes with an overview of possible indicators that could be used to monitor and evaluate mainstreaming biodiversity efforts across the range of different types of policy responses. Other structures see failure to deliver expected results as an opportunity for learning.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Across much of the Circumpolar North, Indigenous peoples had common experiences within education systems based on "Western" ways of teaching, learning and knowledge and operating with the intent of assimilation. Now, across the North and elsewhere, such as New Zealand and Hawaii, Indigenous peoples are working to create Indigenous-controlled education systems based not on the Western form of schooling imposed on them for the past century (or longer) but rather based on Indigenous epistemologies and worldviews. In some circumpolar regions, these efforts are happening alongside the dominant Western education system, while in others, the Western systems are being replaced entirely.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The overwhelming majority (98 per cent) of the world’s undernourished people live in developing countries, with two thirds of them concentrated in seven nations (Bangladesh, China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia and Pakistan). Most hungry people (578 million) reside in Asia and the Pacific, although the highest share (30 per cent, or 239 million people) are found in sub-Saharan Africa (figure III.2). The proportion of undernourished people ranges from under 15 per cent in Cote d’Ivoire to almost 70 per cent in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010a).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
These types of metrics may include on-time performance, average headways, and other operational aspects of public transport production. These are important but they do not capture how the public views the services being offered. Other metrics relating to wait times (average and distribution), frequency, the "feel" of the trip experience (e.g. Los Angeles is tracking transport "happiness"), overall convenience, etc.,
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Section 3.5 in Chapter 3 also discussed information systems in more detail. The country has in recent years put in motion a renovation of their information systems in order to consolidate them and thus improve quality and transparency of public infonnation. A digital platform has been developed by the Costa Rican Government to increase the use of electronic technologies, electronic registers and communications.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Furthermore, female founders may be more likely to have a desire to keep control of the company and continue to grow their business independently. This argument seems plausible given that in general female and male entrepreneurs declare having different motivations than men to start a business (Figure 2). The validation or rejection of this hypothesis bears important policy implications.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Thus, as we see from the description above, the Negev’s economy is characterized by industries that are less dependent on skilled workers, resulting in relatively lower income. This section sets out the key existing foundations for clean-tech development in the Negev, both within the region and elsewhere in the country. Furthermore, there is no formal definition of the clean-tech industry in Israel that is accepted by all the stakeholders. Different ministries and other public bodies may have different understandings of the term, and as a result, may implement different (and sometimes uncoordinated) programmes in order to promote it.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
This complexity is further increased in multidonor and multi-recipient projects (e.g. where projects are being administered and/or funded by different agencies), resulting in a multiplicity of expenditure, accounting and reporting databases (Turner 2008). This lack of clarity has, in addition to its technical challenges, a strong political dimension as well. The definitional problems in the wider AfT debate are prevalent within discussion of TRA — so much so that, within the European Union’s own AfT strategy, one of the document’s ‘quantitative ambitions’ (and the only substantive mention of addressing TRA needs) is to ‘seek to establish a common understanding of the notion of “trade-related adjustment” at [the] EU level, in conjunction with promoting an international understanding of this concept’ (Council of the European Union 2007: 5).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
As mentioned earlier, Lewis observed that the terms of trade for tropical agricultural exports have deteriorated badly against their temperate counterparts. In the half century between 1916 and 1966, for example, the price index for natural rubber fell from 100 to 16. This suggests that productivity gains in the tropics were largely lost to worsening terms of trade, with the situation worse where few productivity gains were made.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The rest of the area constitutes the national park area. At the central level, park administration activities are coordinated by a Protected Area Service at NFA Romsilva headquarters, which also coordinates the activities of an additional 23 national and natural parks in Romania. To supervise park administration activities, there is a Scientific Council, composed of representatives from the National Academy of Sciences, ministries and environmental agencies, NFA Romsilva and scientific researchers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
They suggest that the regressive impact of consumption taxes - as measured by the difference in the implicit consumption tax rate for those at 167% of average earnings and those at 67% - is higher in the European countries than in the other OECD countries, due to higher consumption tax rates (Figure ll).34 Warren (2008) also found a higher regressivity of consumption taxes -measured as the contribution to the Gini coefficient - in Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Norway and Sweden and the lowest regressivity in Japan and the United States. Thus, omitting consumption taxes affects estimates of redistribution achieved through the tax and transfer system, as well as how they differ across countries and evolve over time. Estimated tax payments are then divided by net income (i.e. gross earnings minus personal income tax and employees’ social security contributions plus family benefits).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Indeed, many of the “soft” skills which experience in the tourism sector develops are valued by other sectors which may not necessarily foster these skills to the same degree (Box 5). Direct spending on travel supports 7.5 American million jobs. This rises to 14.4 million jobs - or 1 in every 8 private sector jobs - across many different sectors when indirect and induced effects are taken into account.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
This will in turn decrease the level of winter water retention and increase winter flows in many rivers. Hotter and drier summers are likely to increase the demand for irrigation, reduce river flows, and reduce dilution capacity thereby leading to higher pollutant concentrations. Despite these concerns, the subregion seems to have the capacity to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)