albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
It is calculated based on an assessment of several criteria, each of which is based on a point system whereby a higher score is given to land-use changes that represent a higher conservation value or greater ecosystem services or that cause a greater environmental impact (Table 7.4). For instance, the maximum score (27) equals an equivalence ratio of 6, whereas the minimum score (6) equals an equivalence ratio of 1.3. Transparency of the in-lieu fee calculation is ensured as it is based on published reference costs (CONAFOR, 2011) and clear criteria to determine the equivalence ratio.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
From 2010 to 2013, the number of recorded heroin-related drug overdose deaths almost tripled, reaching 8,620 deaths in 2013, although public health officials assume the real number of deaths is much higher because heroin rapidly metabolizes into morphine and is difficult to detect. According to United States officials, possible reasons for that increase include an overall increase in the number of heroin users, batches of the drug with greater purity being sold in certain markets, an increase in new and inexperienced heroin users, including those using heroin to supplement or replace prescription opioids, and the presence of toxic substances such as fenta-nyl in the heroin consumed. In Canada and the United States, deaths related to fentanyl abuse have continued to increase, with many recreational drug users succumbing to overdoses after ingesting opioids (primarily counterfeit oxycodone) which they were unaware were fentanyl-laced.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
AbstractThe study presented in this paper is a research synthesis examining how issues relating to the teaching and learning of children’s human rights have been approached in educational research. Drawing theoretically on the European Didaktik tradition, the purpose of the paper is to map and synthesise the educational interest in children’s rights research. The paper identifies the motives, content and processes of education for human rights suggested in research. The chosen publications are analysed in three steps, based on three didactic questions: what, how and why. Six educational categories in the teaching and learning of children’s human rights are identified: involvement, agency, awareness, citizenship, respect for rights and social change. In each category, the motives, educational content and processes are clarified. A conclusion is that even though the motives for rights education vary, the content and processes in the education are about human relations and interaction.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
AbstractThis paper discusses the link between international migration and democratisation from an actor-oriented perspective on the basis of the mobilising efforts by key civil society actors engaged in the promotion of the rights of migrant workers through developing strategies towards movement building and by capitalising on political opportunities that have appeared on the global level. Being pitched at the global level and at organising patterns via the network form, the analytical framework developed takes as its starting point global justice perspectives and then builds upon insights from social movement and constructivist International Relations scholarship. It is argued that what is emerging are (1) movement practices in migrant rights networks which are putting forward increasingly coherent claims that transcend the conventional thinking about global governance and human rights (rights-assuming advocacy), and (2) that such practices are effectively transgressing interstate political arenas (parti...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The portal helps to develop a community of practice across a wide range of stakeholders, from national NBSAP practitioners who need access to timely information regarding best practices, guidance and resources, to individuals and organizations who wish to share their information, knowledge, support and resources. [ Online] Available from: http://www.cbd.int/doc/nbsap/NBSAP-guidelines-CMS.pdf [Accessed: 26 January 2015]
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
These efforts - strengthening care in the community provided by municipalities, increasing specialist services, increasing resources going into the system and making mental health a policy priority - suggest that Norway is moving towards having a strong and comprehensive mental health system. In terms of collecting indicators of mental health care quality Norway is also making impressive progress in many respects. There are opportunities for Norway to further strengthen data collection and to use data to help drive improvements in outcomes, to ensure that all mental disorders are appropriately treated, to make sure that responsibilities for service delivery amongst health authorities are clearly established and followed through, to promote better co-ordination, and to assure high quality of mental health care across the country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Overall, pricing policies in France seem to be driven primarily by the objective to ensure cost recovery and agency’s budget balance, although this is achieved by a great variety of pricing mechanisms (Rieu, 2005). Dono and Severini (2001) add further evidence from southern Italy to the inelasticity hypothesis, and suggest that water demand turns increasingly inelastic as water charges increase, as the crops that may be able to pay higher prices are mainly high-value vegetables and fruits, which can support high water price increases. He claims that the effects on water demand are due to the fact that if water prices are below the exit threshold, they result in demand reductions caused by marginal adaptation of irrigation demand to price variations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
In some developing countries, subsidized energy prices can reduce the economic attractiveness of EE measures. The large number of small and dispersed end users11 also represents a particularly strong barrier in many developing countries. Moreover, many developing countries lack an effective EE policy at the national level (Jochem, 2002). These barriers are well understood and several policy measures are available to help overcome them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The goal for Amazonia is to reduce them by 80 per cent in 2020, compared to the average between 1996 and 2005: for the Cerrado, the reduction is set at 40 per cent compared to the average emissions from 1999 to 2008. This implies that the annual rate of deforestation in Amazonia should be less than 400,000 hectares by 2020. More recently, Brazil has provided a vision of the importance of continuing to tackle deforestation by including a specific goal of achieving zero deforestation by 2030 in its Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement. In 2004, gross deforestation in Legal Amazonia was 2,777,500 hectares, the second highest since 1995, when it reached 2,905,900 hectares. Fortunately, Brazil has an advanced forest monitoring system that has enabled it to have consistent and verifiable deforestation estimates for the entire Legal Amazonia since 1988.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The employment services for college graduates should be strengthened and the assistance system for college graduates from poor families should be improved. Enterprises are encouraged to keep more migrants. Those having financial difficulties can adopt flexible employment, elastic working times and on-the-job training to stabilise jobs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
While internal renewable water resources, represented by annual flow of rivers and recharge of aquifers generated from endogenous precipitation make-up the major part of a water balance, water generated outside the border of a country can also be important, such as natural inflows from upstream countries (groundwater and surface water), and part of the water of border lakes or rivers. Similarly, not all the water resources generated by endogenous precipitation in a particular country are available for that country. This is because, for example, a certain quantity of water must remain to maintain the natural flow of the river which ultimately leaves the nation's (nations') border. Thus, the water balance equation of a country also needs to include the external renewable water resources that naturally flow into that country and the amount of water generated by endogenous precipitation that naturally flows out of the country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Powerful learning environments are constantly creating synergies and finding new ways to enhance professional, social and cultural capital with others. They do that with families and communities, with higher education, with businesses, and especially with other schools and learning environments. This is about creating innovative partnerships.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The directive sets mandatory targets for EU member states to ensure a share of 20% renewable energy in total energy consumption. For the transport sector a mandatory share of 10% renewable energy is required in 2020, which is expected to be met mainly with biofuels. The criteria include minimum GHG savings for biofuels of at least 35% compared to fossil fuels from 2013 onwards, rising to 50% in 2017 and 60% in 2018. Furthermore, the directive determines that biofuel feedstock must not be grown on environmentally sensitive land, including protected areas and land with high biodiversity value or high carbon stock.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Further, the cost of delivering water to the tertiary channels is not charged to farmers. Central government has increased its expenditure on maintaining, rehabilitating and expanding the irrigation network under its responsibility. However, this reduces the incentive for regional governments and WUAs to undertake operation and maintenance activities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
The source of subjective information is the 1996-2009 Latinobarometro survey, which was not designed to measure perceptions of how labour markets work. The discontinuity of some important questions (which means that series are incomplete or, in the case of some variables, that information is only available for one year), alterations to the wording of some relevant questions (making comparisons difficult) and constraints on sample sizes (making disaggregation by groups within each country unadvisable) are some of the limitations on the information available. Thus, we have preferred to work with analyses aggregated at the regional level (which raises the difficulty that certain conclusions might not be valid for some countries) and with indicators that have the longest time coverage possible. Within the first phase, growth slowed in 1998, and this was followed by stagnation in 1999 and recovery in 2000.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Other thematic programmes of relevance to societal challenges are funded through the BMVIT w'hich supports R&D e .g. At the European level the strength of Austrian research on societal challenges can be seen in a sound performance in the participation in Horizon 2020. This is mirrored by a rather small share of allocations directed towards specific socio-economic objectives (which include defence, health, etc.). Total GBARD per capita in Austria is considerably above the EU average.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
A governance scheme (for decision making, at a minimum) and a set of officers (not necessarily salaried staff) with well-defined responsibilities. Already in 2001, the European Council of Ministers acknowledged the need for and benefits of shared large research infrastructures. The European Commission, in close collaboration with the EU Member States, was invited to explore what shared research infrastructures were needed and what policies were required for closer collaboration in order to provide access to these infrastructures. It was concluded that a collective approach was needed to guide the complex policy making for the sharing of research infrastructures in the Member States.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
In Hai Phong, w'ater-quality monitoring has been conducted since 2006 in channels, lakes, estuaries and rivers of the Re River, Gia River and Da Do River. However, the number of parameters covered and the frequency is not sufficient, given the limited city budget (City of Hai Phong, 2015). In addition, to strengthen pollution source control with industry, the city should invest in installing real-time monitoring stations in major water systems and make the data available to the public. The sewer system of Hai Phong City, which is similar to other systems in urban areas across the country, is a tributary drainage system in which rainw'ater and w'astewater flow through the same system.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
The biggest challenge is to make these benefits available to all people everywhere. Only 25 percent of people in Sub-Saharan Africa are users, and only 42 percent of people in Asia and the Pacific and the Arab States are. In contrast, two-thirds of the population is online in the Americas and in the Commonwealth of Independent States. Basic mobile or fixed broadband plans cost much more in developing countries than in developed countries and cost the most in the least developed countries (figure 2.7). But digital divides exist even in developed countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Poverty among young adults and families with children increased over the past 20 years as well. By 2005, the poverty rate for children and that for young adults were about 25 per cent above the total average, whereas they were close to and below that average, respectively, in 1985. Poverty rates are three times higher than the average among households with children, for single-parent families, they exceed 40 per cent in one third of OECD countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
What makes the nature of these threats so complex and difficult to assess is the degree to which they are all inextricably interlinked, one with the other. Again, the literature is rich in examples. On a slightly different note, some experts point to already existing cases of deep-seated regional instability, notably in the Middle East and south Asia, and the possibility of that instability spilling out beyond regional borders.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
The results from responding countries are encouraging, though it is not possible to determine whether this is a global trend. The sample is also possibly biased in that it may have attracted countries that had relatively positive results to report. Note: * represents 2010 data provided in the 2013 survey.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Thanks to ICTs, online public services can become more convenient, personalized, faster and less expensive. For example, smart cities may offer citizens the possibility to use the Internet to file complaints and claims, request certificates and reports, make payments and debits and participate in various activities. Governments may also employ digital technologies, such as video surveillance, to enhance the safety and security of their citizens and to reduce crime.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Increasingly, fisheries, the seafood-supply sector, governments and NGO partners have the opportunity to apply electronic catch documentation, seafood-traceability technologies and electronic trade information, together with big data, about the ocean and its ecosystems to enable real-time tracking, informed decisionmaking and responsible seafood sourcing. We are working with governments and enforcement agencies to explore, fund, and test a wide range of technologies becoming available for wildlife conservation - from drones and wildlife tracking to radar, thermal cameras and gunshot detectors. To that end, WWF is evaluating civilian-grade UAVs for conservation applications with plans to rigorously test the technology in protected areas in southern Africa (including in Malawi, Namibia and Zimbabwe).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Although these type of projects have not disappeared, they have significantly decreased. Instead, the projects are progressively devoted to general and qualitative goals, such as the welfare of citizens, the quality of employment, efficiency of firms and sustainable development (OECD 2007). For instance, the State-Region Contracts 2015-2020 have five priorities for which 30 billion EUR will be made available: transport, higher education, digitalisation, innovation and ecological and energy transition (Charbit and Romano, 2017(n]).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Given the straightforward assumptions on how the factors of production evolve over time, the steady-state level of output per capita can be expressed as a function of the propensity to accumulate physical and human capital, the population growth rate, the level and growth rates of technological and economic efficiency, and the (constant) rate of depreciation of capital. If countries were at their steady state - or if deviations from the steady state were random - growth equations could be based simply on the relationship linking steady-state output to its determinants. However, actual data may well include out-of-steady-state dynamics due, among other things, to slow convergence towards the steady state.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Table 2 summarises the main ongoing projects involving the development of transport corridors in Central Asia. In 2017 the initiative was officially launched at the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in Beijing and was incorporated into the Chinese constitution, codifying its position as a primary foreign policy goal of the president. The stated aim of the project is the creation of new infrastructure and the revitalisation and expansion of trade and economic growth across Asia and beyond.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Integrated reporting on the environmental, social and governance impacts of their lending, which some MDBs are already implementing or considering, would further support ongoing efforts to mainstream SDG considerations in all operations and help ensure that no one is left behind. This alignment should continue to be improved and refined to increase impact. As South-South cooperation continues to expand, there is opportunity to further advance both South-South and triangular cooperation as high-impact modalities of international development cooperation, both financial and non-financial. To ensure that scarce concessional financing has the greatest development impact, providers of blended finance should engage with host countries at the strategic level, to ensure that priorities in their project portfolios align with national priorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Third, there is limited knowledge about educational disadvantage in the Uruguayan education system. It has become a fundamental institution to improve checks and balances in the education system. Also, a number of initiatives are strengthening the bases for the evaluation of the education system. First, references for the monitoring of the education system are being improved with the development of expected learning outcomes at given education stages.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The KIS cover 17 aspects of full- and part-time undergraduate courses, including student satisfaction, employment and earnings outcomes/salary data, learning and teaching activities, assessment methods, tuition fees and student finance, accommodation, and professional accreditation. The data are regularly updated (www. Moreover, higher education institutions publish their employability statements.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
This article addresses the legal status of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) from a historical perspective and in accordance with the current Russian legislation and provides some answers to the questions of how the legal status of the NSR conforms with the norms of contemporary international law of the sea and, in particular, with the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
While participants in Fast Track for Migrant Teachers (Snabbspar) take part in Swedish for Immigrants or ‘Yrkessvenska’, the KPU programme does not offer any specific language training. For the ULV programme, the University of Gothenburg will offer from 2019 a full-time introductory course in Swedish language for those students who do not pass the new compulsory language placement test. However, this is not the case at other universities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Four were medium-sized producers with wheat plantings between 1 500 and 3 000 hectares, and one was a large producer with a wheat area of 25 000 hectares. There is a selection bias in so far as the interviewees were dynamic producers willing to experiment, seeking to increase their scale of operations, and happy to collaborate in an exercise that might improve their policy environment. The information presented here is mainly based on the 2011 harvest, a record crop year presenting its own special problems, although some interviewees referred to the relatively poor crop year of 2010, and the better harvest of 2009.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Private-sector initiatives have generated some results. For example, ASOCANA, the association of sugar cane producers of the Cauca Valley, increased the amount of green cut of sugarcane harvested without burning from 23% to 39% between 2006 and 2012. In a city of 7.6 million people, it accounts for more than 1.5 million, or 74%, of public transit trips in the city.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This essay calls for qualitative policy analysis that can engage strategically with the increased calls for the usefulness of social policy toward the improvement of educational practice. Michel Foucault’s concept of scientificity is used as a tool against the ‘repositivization’ at work in neo‐liberal times and its ‘rage for accountability’ where refusing to concede science to scientism appears to be a central task for those invested in qualitative inquiry. The essay concludes with a sketch of a social science that stays close to the complexities of the social world in fostering understanding, reflection and action instead of a narrow translation of research into practice.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Without better co-ordination, it will be impossible to achieve a more coherent structure. In a study of metropolitan governance of Sydney, Australia that focuses on conflicts over land-use planning, Kubler explores the concepts of joint decision systems and negotiated agreements (Kubler, 2007: 637-639). These ideas are appropriate when actors engaged in a policy problem are unable to independently achieve their objectives and either unanimity or near unanimity is required for a successful solution. He discusses four ways to get to such a solution.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
At least 1.6 billion people depend directly on forests for their livelihoods, and they provide additional benefits that are enjoyed by all, such as clean air and water. In addition, forests provide a home to millions of animals and plants as well as catchment for three-fourths of fresh water. They also play an important role in adaptation to and mitigation of climate change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Nurses also go abroad for advanced specialist training. Nurses run their own clinics for a wide range conditions, including diabetic complications (such as foot ulcers), anticoagulation and cardiac rehabilitation. Such well-developed advanced nursing roles are unusual even in OECD health systems, and offers an example of good practice for other health systems to consider. Health system financing is discussed in detail in Section 3, but a steady upward drift in out-of-pocket spending is worth noting during this discussion on accessibility.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)