albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
The frequency of samples varies from once a month to once a year, depending on the potential impact from industry. However, no such data have been published and the data would probably be of little interest, as most of the municipal treatment plants are no longer in operational or do only mechanical treatment. Moreover, the SAEPF laboratory has just resumed its activities after a long hiatus, but is still limited by tight financial constraints (see chapter 2). Here again, due to lack of financial resources, regular observation has ceased.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
The currently still in its first phase, in which 1 million ha of ii nd is to be created. To date, 27% of the project's first phe ten made operational I270.000 ha], 10% (100.000 ha] is u instruction and 63% 1630.000 ha) is in planning.” Projects and programmes implemented as part of GAP have ncreased salinity of irrigated soils and changes to the ecosy and river flow regimes. The current construction of the llisu I and Hydraulic Power Plant on Ihe Tigris River has elicited sti worldwide condemnation Isee Chap.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
It also promotes greater cooperation and infonnation exchange between countries, so that flag states are in a position to refuse to register vessels that have previously been reported for IUU fishing, or that are already registered with another flag state. The guidelines also provide recommendations on how to encourage compliance, as well as on how to assist developing countries to fulfil their flag state responsibilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
More specifically, it combines the information available in the Survey of Adult Skills about the first two languages the person learned as a child and still understands and that spoken at home. Adjusted for host-country language ■ 4. The results in this figure are coefficients obtained from separate regressions with controls for level of education, age, gender and parental background. Parental educational background is defined as the highest educational level between the mother and the father.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
More than a fourth of households in Guerrero, Chiapas, and Oaxaca do not have access to piped water (against a national average of 8.6%), and between 15% and 19% of households do not have proper flooring (against a national average of 6.6%) for example. As emphasised below, the lower level of infrastructure in southern states translates into lower health standards for many indicators. Nearly 82% of Mexicans reported to have more positive experiences and feelings such as enjoyment, feeling well-rested or pride in accomplishment than negative ones such as pain, worry, sadness, boredom.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
As a result, schools are not provided with clear information on the bases to distribute the resources between them. The lack of transparency might be partly explained by the absence of a rationale for the algorithms used by each of the education councils (and their likely historical basis) as well as the possible lack of articulation between the algorithms independently developed by each education council. In addition, the extra staff allocated to individual schools depends on the subjective advice of inspectors and discretion on whether or not one specific school is eligible for a given educational programme (e.g. Community Teachers Programme).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Canada’s experience suggests that the introduction of tax relief programmes such as phase-ins, deferrals for seniors, and capping of tax increases for some classes of property, to cushion the impact of reforms are preconditions for a successful reform (Bird and Slack, 2002). Kazakhstan could even introduce a centralised assessment system to make the system less vulnerable to changes at the local level. One critical condition for a property tax reform in Kazakhstan would be to increase the capacity to administer the tax at the local level, as many cities may lack experience with property taxation. Information to support the fiscal cadastre on a consistent, nation-wide basis needs to be unified and shared across and among levels of government and the public. Political support from central government would be a key element underpinning any property tax reform.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In parallel to this process, which has seen a very large number of small-scale natural habitats disappear in the farmland landscape, the diversity of the farming activities on the individual farms has decreased significantly as well, resulting in much more specialized farms. As an example, the number of farms raising pigs has decreased from 120,000 in 1970 to 4,600 in 2011 and the average number of pigs per farm has increased from 70 to 2800 in the same period. At the same time, there has been an increasing tendency to keep livestock inside all year around.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
For example, commercial farming in the southern states of Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo and Parana is input intensive, with high fertiliser use. Farming systems in these areas are associated with concerns on the impact of agricultural water use on resource levels, and pesticide use on water quality. In the Centre West farming systems are more extensive.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
It requires workers telecommuting not to be covered by less than minimum labour standards under law and that firms offer similar treatment to these workers as to those working on the employers’ premises. This includes guarantees on working hours, overtime, rest days and leave benefits. Employers adopting the standard agree to inform their employees of available FWAs, offer clear and transparent approval processes for employees seeking FWAs, and appoint a senior manager to champion FWAs within the organisation, among other steps. More than 250 companies, with a combined workforce of 210 000, including many domestically-owned SMEs, quickly signed on.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Stronger rural-urban linkages are helping the rural supply chain meet the demand of urban areas. Evidence abounds of farmers who have increased their production when connected to growing urban and regional markets (Reardon et al., This is the case of farmers growing teff in Ethiopia, vegetables in Mali or Senegal, or potatoes in Rwanda or of dairy farmers in Kenya. They have invested in soil conservation, added organic matter into their soils, used productivity-enhancing seeds, breeds and fertiliser, as well as irrigation and machines.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Personalized coaching, product and service marketing support, skills enhancement training, and other export readiness services are integral. Handholding programmes connect exporters with financial institutions and other support groups to boost their growth. Customized business coaching is complemented by links to trade finance, market and commercial intelligence, leveraging MATRADE’s network of 42 offices in 35 cities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Overall, the interviews provided an opportunity to better understand both public and private financial institutions' perspective of the EE market opportunities and barriers. Personal interviews were conducted with representatives from the World Bank (WB), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), as well as private financial institutions (JP Morgan, Deutsche Bank, Climate Change Capital etc.). They allowed gauging the relative importance of different challenges facing EE financing, i.e. access to capital vs. risk, or others.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
However, the effectiveness of aid for trade in reducing bilateral trade costs and allowing developing countries' full integration into the global market does not only depend on the size of flows, but also on the co-ordination between bilateral and multilateral donors. They conclude that these observations demonstrate the need for further strengthening of the initiative. This reinforces the findings of Hynes and Holden (2016), who argue that the Aid for Trade Initiative has substantial achievements to its credit and that there is reason to reinforce its positive elements. Most of this progress has been made in East and Southern Africa. Yet despite the progress in improving trade conditions, sustained effort needs to be put into further freeing up trade and boosting the competitiveness of African countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In the Western Cape, developers retain the legal liability for the biodiversity outcomes even in the event that they purchase it from a third-party provider. Many offsets programmes therefore require financial assurances from offset suppliers to provide certainty that sufficient funding will be available. For programmes where perpetual land management is required, non-wasting endowment funds are a common funding instrument where the annual interest earned on the principal sum is used to fund ongoing land management (DOD and EPA, 2008).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The OECD average is non-weighted. Declines in NEET rates are observed for Turkey (-7 percentage points), Germany and Israel (-2 percentage points) and Austria (-1 percentage point). The decline in youth employment affected most severely individuals with low educational qualifications. As illustrated in Figure 3, the number of youth in employment was lower in 2012 than in 2007 in most OECD countries, declining by 9% on average.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The intensity of total child poverty also fell sharply across the region during the period in question. The biggest decreases were observed among children and adolescents with at least two deprivations and at least three deprivations in 2000 (more than a 15-percentage-point drop in both cases). While the decline is much smaller among children with at least five deprivations (from 3.4% in 2000 to 1.1% in 2011 in total child poverty) who, by definition, suffer an appalling violation of their rights (see figure II.4.B), it does point to positive outcomes in tackling multidimensional child poverty over the decade: not only did its incidence decrease, but the percentage of children and adolescents with the largest number of deprivations also decreased.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Attention to quality is crucial to encourage and enable enterprises to upgrade their capabilities and move towards higher-level value added activities. In the current globalization process, the standardization of production processes is a way to ensure that the production of each unit follows the same process. Software enterprises can improve their overall efficiency and quality by implementing internationally recognized quality standards and models.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The total shoreline of the Black Sea is 4,340 km, of which 310 km (7 per cent) belong to Georgia. The area is very vulnerable to disturbances of its environment and ecosystem. Eutrophication, pollution and overfishing have resulted in an overall decline of biological resources, species diversity and landscapes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Renewable energy also offers options for energy access through decentralized applications. On-grid and off-grid renewable energy markets arc expanding, as private sector participation increases. Renewable energy technologies are also becoming more affordable and investment in renewable energy has rapidly increased to the point that when large hydropower, investment in terms of dollars and capacity supersedes conventional energy (Frankfurt School-UNEP Centre/Franfurt School of Finance and Management, 2017). New economic sectors have been developed, while jobs arc being created in the manufacturing, distributing, installing, operating, and servicing renewable energy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The Greek insider trading and market manipulation (market abuse) regime is in the process of transformation by the new Code on Capital Market, which internalises the provisions of the 2003 Market Abuse Directive. The new market abuse prohibition follows an effect‐oriented approach, which, in conjunction with the application of strict administrative law sanctions, is likely to expand the scope of liability. Though, however, the new market abuse regime will facilitate the prosecution of insiders and manipulators, a number of issues are left open to discussion. Consequently, supervisory authorities and courts are required to display particular care in the interpretation and application of the new regime in order to ensure effective enforcement.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
On the other hand, finding employers in less dense areas may mean specific skills fall into disuse when other suitable matches are few (Bleakley and Lin, 2012(14)). The aftermath of the crisis saw large increases in unemployment rates across the United States. In comparison with previous expansions, subsequent job creation has been more concentrated in the larger urban areas (Brainard, 2017[is]). Furthermore, labour force participation is stronger in the larger metropolitan areas as well.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Climate sensitivity values above 5 °C, such as 8 °C or more, cannot be ruled out, which would shift the estimated temperature increases for existing emission levels even higher (Meinshausen et al. The concentration of C02 alone is projected to be around 530 ppm in 2050 and 780 ppm in 2100 (Figure 3.9). The Outlook Baseline scenario suggests that these GHG-concentration levels would lead to an increase in global mean temperature at the middle of the century of 2.0 °C-2.8 °C, and 3.7 °C-5.6 °C at the end of the century (compared to pre-industrial times).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In 2010, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued interpretive guidance on climate change disclosure, but so far it seems to have had limited effects: 59% of Standard & Poor’s 500 companies do report on climate but, according to some, their disclosures have been disappointing (Ceres, 2014). This reporting requirement has not been changed in spite of the July 2014 repeal of the 2011 Climate Tax. In March 2014, the NDRC announced a new regulation requiring all firms emitting more than 13 000 tonnes (C02-eq) to begin reporting their annual GHG emissions. It is expected to be enforced from 2015 (Reuters, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In 2009, the Lander covered 72.2% of expenditure in primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (both public and private). Local authorities covered 17.5% and the federal level 10.3%. Out-of-school education in the dual system is largely funded by companies, whereas vocational schools are funded by the Lander.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Refinements to consolidated drug purchasing and greater participation of the private sector as a distribution network can bring further efficiency gains. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. However, Mexican Government officials, health professionals, academics and other stakeholders all agree that the country is now facing renewed challenges to improve the performance of health care services, in particular regarding the efficiency and quality of service provision, and ultimately health outcomes (Secretaria de Salud, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
However, this positive effect is limited by the small amount of attention which GHPs have dedicated to strengthening national health systems, and by the unintended adverse impact that they may have on those systems, as discussed below. In addition, the provision of services does not reflect the actual use of those services by different sectors of society. There is ample evidence that improvements in access to antiretroviral treatments in Africa, for example, do not necessarily lead to the actual use of those treatments by many people, especially among the poor. To achieve this requires strengthening national structures of primary health care, aiming at providing rational, evidence-based and anticipatory responses to health needs and to social expectations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
Islamist Politics have been cast as a geopolitical threat to ‘the West’, as antisystemic movements, and as part of the cacophony of post‐modern identity politics. This article takes a critical approach to the geopolitics of Islamism and the representational practices that have defined religio‐politics in relation to these various analytical categories. I argue that Islamist movements cannot be fruitfully analysed as primarily oppositional mobilisations. Such movements are not antisystemic as this term is usually understood, although they do pose a challenge to secularist categories. Furthermore, the scripting of social and new social movements works to close down spaces for religious politics, despite the apparent openings created by the post‐modern turn. Finally, I argue that the ways in which knowledge about Islamist politics has been constructed reflects the historical institutionalisation of secularist power in the post‐Enlightenment era. Through this discussion, my aim is to point towards an approach...
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In nearly every country and region of the world, progress in different areas has been made towards achieving gender equality and women’s empowerment. Yet this progress has been uneven and the gains remain fragile, almost nowhere are women’s rights given the priority they deserve. At the same time, SCR 1325 signifies a landmark in the recognition of women’s contribution to the maintenance of peace and security and acknowledges their specific needs and concerns in armed conflict and its aftermath.5 The resolution acknowledges that women are not merely victims but also have agency and are involved in active peacebuilding, mainly through informal grassroots diplomacy in conflict zones. Among the initiatives that have been developed are four further Security Council resolutions6 on sexual violence in conflict, and there has been a concerted effort to develop action plans at national, regional and subregional levels to accelerate the implementation of SCR 1325.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Geneva, Bonn: UN Environment and German Development Institute, Available from http://www.un-page.org/files/public/green_industrial_policy_ book_aw_web.pdf. Social cash transfers: welfare payments are no longer taboo. Development and Cooperation: International Journal, No. Poor air quality kills 5.5 million worldwide annually, 12 February.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The INDCs of several countries indicate that they are in the process of developing a NAP, and imply that this may take several years (e.g. Uruguay and South Africa’s INDC indicate that the NAP will be developed by 2020). There can also be a significant delay between developing an overarching adaptation strategy, and a plan to implement that strategy. For example, France established a National Adaptation Strategy in 2006, and it took until 2011 for a National Adaptation Plan to be developed (Climate-ADAPT, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
The Tanzanian mainland is estimated to have a total of 48 million ha of forest, which is 51 per cent of the total area, with woodlands occupying about 90 per cent of the total forest area and the remainder being shared by mangrove forests, montane forests, small patches of coastal forests, and plantations of softwood and hardwood (NAFORMA, 2014). Other services that are also important for the economy, such as the ability of forest soils to purify water for domestic and industrial use, regulate runoff to support hydroelectric power generation, sequester carbon, etc., The current contribution of the forestry sector to the country's gross domestic product (GDP)3 is 3 per cent (National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance 2013).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
The analysis is this chapter does not incorporate those initiatives. In the Czech Republic, a wage subsidy (plus training subsidy) is only paid for workers on reduced hours who participate in the “Educate YourselP programme. Participation in training in Hungary is compulsory for workers taking part in the short-time work scheme financed by the European Social Fund.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
One is a lack of pre-disaster baseline information. Another is that the economic estimates cover only loss of stocks not flows. That is, they assess the destruction of assets but not the cost of flow disruptions such as the interruption of business and the shortages of labour, and other direct costs (Figure IV-8).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
One study projects that urban land cover in Latin America could increase by 74% by 2050 if current densities remain constant - or by up to 187% if densities were to decrease by just 1% (Angel et al., In recent decades, population growth has been fastest in the municipalities surrounding the core municipality of Puebla, even if in absolute terms the city of Puebla has still accounted for a large share of Puebla-Tlaxcala’s growth. Of these, San Martin Texmelucan is the only municipality that does not border the city of Puebla.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
This has been the general direction of change in employment patterns in recent years across most sectors, although in Europe there is some indication of polarisation of demand, with growth in less-skilled jobs, but fewer jobs requiring middle-ranking skills (Cedefop, 2010b). Green technical change is no different. The more investments are made in new technologies - many of which are likely to be energy saving or related to new forms of energy generation - the more demand there will be for people in higher skilled jobs.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The pollutants emitted in the smoke settle in a small area, which causes a great deal of persistent soil pollution. Open dumps cause major damage to the landscape. Plastic is particularly problematic because it spreads widely. Shutting down open dumps and hotspots would help improve the situation significantly.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Some rural regions in Poland have seen a doubling of their productivity, massive investment in infrastructure and improvement in socio-economic outcomes in a relatively short amount of time. And yet, collectively, rural regions have not been catching up over the past years in terms of average gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (see Chapter 1). There remain considerable disparities between urban and rural areas and between rural areas within different parts of the country in terms of employment, economic growth and access to services (see Chapter 1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The empirical approach can be easily repeated with data for later periods. However, while the size of groups is likely to change as the labour market recovers and cyclical unemployment is absorbed, the more structural barriers are likely to persist while underlying policy and related constraints remain in place. The most common potential employment barriers among these 31% of the working-age population were low skill levels, health limitations and limited work experience.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Almost all the other indicators were lacking some consistency of data or there had been some costly data processing needed in order to provide the indicator with a short notice. Both databases provide information on recreation supply, e.g. recreation areas, services and facilities in natural areas. In principle, the databases are updated continuously, but in practice both databases have a lot of shortage of data.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Source: Case study prepared by the Directorate for Education in Norway and edited by the OECD Secretariat. Aspects of service quality monitored through inspections (cont.) Data in this table therefore refer to the most common aspects monitored through inspections, although differences in focus of inspections can occur between regions or municipalities. The data in this table are not representative of the whole country.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)