albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
Data from other African countries show that achievements are highly insufficient and that gender inequality in boardrooms is the standard across the continent. Armed with just a small budget, limited knowledge of security and a passionate belief that service quality, professionalism and good old-fashioned organizational skills would win the day. Divine's company, SECURICO, gradually started to make inroads into the industry. In 2005, it expanded into dog services establishing a subsidiary company, CANINE Dog Services, which breeds, trains and leases guard dogs. In 2008, the company acquired an electronic security systems company, Multi-Link (Pvt) Ltd., and integrated it into SECURICO as its Electronic Division.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Top-down elements include principles, accounting guidance and common time frames for NDCs (should these be agreed), which can provide robustness and comparability. Bottom-up elements include nationally-determined mitigation goals, the provision and mobilisation of climate finance, and the determination of support needs, which can provide flexibility and ambition. Capacity building will be important if the enhanced transparency framework is to be successfully implemented in developing countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Frequency: 16% of metropolitan areas in the OECD. Cities that exceed a legally defined population threshold can be upgraded into a special status as “metropolitan cities”, which puts them on the same footing as the next upper level of government and gives them broader competencies. Frequency: 8% of metropolitan areas in the OECD. Data from the OECD’s Metropolitan Governance Survey (2014) indicates that more than two-thirds of OECD metropolitan areas (178 out of 263, or 68%) currently have a metropolitan governance body (OECD, 2015).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
From a feminist viewpoint, the political objective of introducing the issue of care into economic analysis is to transform its current social organization, which is considered to reproduce social and gender inequalities. Without overlooking the slow but steady progress that has been made with women’s economic participation, it must be emphasized that the redistribution of care remains one of the greatest unmet challenges. P. De Villota (ed.),
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This indicator was obtained as a weighted average of EPRC and EPT, with weights 7/12 and 5/12. However, as discussed in the previous section, increasing the flexibility of the labour market by relaxing firing regulations for regular contracts or hiring restrictions on fixed-term contracts is not neutral. In fact, different reforms tend to have significantly different effects, and a few of them appears more desirable than others.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
The reality is that many good ideas get stuck in the process of policy implementation. Governments are under pressure to deliver results in education services while ensuring that citizens' tax dollars are spent wisely and effectively. They set ambitious reform agendas and develop strategic plans to achieve them.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In 2012, average emissions from the developed regions were about 10 metric tons of carbon dioxide per person per year, compared to about 3 metric tons in the developing regions. Emissions per unit of economic output were slightly higher in the developing regions (0.4 kilograms of carbon dioxide per dollar of economic output) compared to developed regions (0.3 kilograms). At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change conference in Paris in December 2015, participants will work to forge an agreement on a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force that will apply to all Parties to the Convention. This would provide a framework for strengthening international action to mitigate climate change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
All researchers and aspiring entrepreneurs are welcome to take part to this forum. Altogether 26 projects/products have passed the proof of concept stage and 11 projects/products have been introduced to potential commercialisation partners involved in activities ranging from pharmaceutical, water and waste management, construction to management of cars. Four projects involving products such as bio-organic fertilisers and microelectronics design are to be commercialised by former USM students graduated from the Student Entrepreneur Development Initiative Agenda (SEDLA) programme.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
A further refinement was the recognition that cultural heritage sites can be either "of the forest", and hence historically associated with its management, or "in the forest", with no significant historical connection to the surrounding forest. This distinction was made in the reporting form, allowing countries with sufficient data to record the number of cultural heritage sites which were associated with historic forest management. In the SOEF 2011 report, 10 countries were able to provide this data. Overall, in SOEF 2011, 29 countries were able to provide data on at least one site, an improvement on SOEF 2007 where 22 countries provided data.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Waste prevention efforts usually do not involve high costs and are often regulated by administrative and economic instruments. From all the waste fractions, food waste is of particular interest from methane perspective-good practice to reduce food waste is being developed and shared at the EU level. Anaerobic digestion is also efficiently used for household organic waste treatment. Methane measurements and gas leak identification systems are important measures to reduce leakage from organic waste treatment and biogas production facilities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Farmers are responsible for undertaking remediation measures if necessary. Farmers have access to fertilizers provided by the Government with facilitated paying conditions and do not pay custom taxes for fertilizers and pesticides. They are also provided with training on pesticide use and transport. The Law' also aims at increasing the use of biofertlizers, however, no measure has been adopted to date in order to operationalize this provision. Relevant provisions have also been included in the National Biodiversity Programme 2015-2025.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Currently, 1.4 billion people live in basins where water usage exceeds recharge. For example, the Middle East/North Africa region is running at a deficit, as annual withdrawals exceed annual resource replenishment. The OECD’s water stress indicator is based on the ratio of annual water withdrawals to annual water availability.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
This will entail hiring experts that have extensive experience with PPP/PSPs and placing them within the relevant organisations. The United Kingdom has had good experiences with using a mix of career civil servants and senior experts for the private sector assigned to the relevant functions in the PPP/PSP procurement process. During project implementation, the accounting officer/authority is responsible for ensuring that the project agreement is appropriately enforced.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Simplifying the multi-layered and complex process through which new investment are considered and concession agreements are granted, as well as promoting more transparency around the decision-making process, particularly as related to how enviromnental and social issues are considered, should be prioritised. Lowering opportunities for discretion and unpredictability (see Chapter 5 on investment promotion and facilitation) could bring substantial benefits, not only in terms of more predictability and clarity for investors, but also by correctly assessing the true extent of social and environmental impacts of proposed projects. Requiring ex ante and ex post impact assessments is an important tool for examining, mitigating and preventing potential negative impacts of business activity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
Project activities include upgrading the main gates, installing security equipment and the construction of an additional climbing lane. The expansion of the gate has led to improved port access and reduced congestion and truck turnaround times. Surveys show that truck turnaround has been halved, from eight hours in 2014 to four hours in 2016.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In some instances, Viet Nam has implemented tariff reductions ahead of the committed timetable. Tariff cuts may also have been employed on occasion to reduce inflationary pressures in the domestic economy or to mitigate fluctuations in domestic energy prices. However, a number of tariff rate increases since 2008 seem primarily motivated by a willingness to afford higher protection to certain domestic sectors, e.g. meat producers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Figure 1 shows historic and expected prices through time. For the years 2023-2025, we extrapolate the trends of period 2017-2022. This is embedded in the reference scenario but not specifically looked at in the policy shocks. This has been reinforced by the exploitation of shale gas notably in North America.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Diseases of the respiratory' system was the leading cause of morbidity, increasing from 829 cases per 10,000 population in 2005 to 1,647.4 cases per 10,000 population in 2016. Detailed data are not available on the characterization of diseases, such as asthma, allergy and asbestosis, with respiratory disease origin. The leading five causes of cancer in males were cancers of the liver (42.2 per cent), stomach (20.9 per cent), lung (11.9 per cent), oesophagus (5.7 per cent) and pancreas (3.7 per cent), whereas cancers of the liver (36.9 per cent), cervix (13.9 per cent), stomach (10.5 percent), breast (7.1 per cent), oesophagus (5.6 per cent) and ovary (3.8 per cent) were the main causes for women. For example, air pollution from indoor burning of coal or biomass w as associated w ith substantial increase of lung cancer risk.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
A major challenge for investment treaty designers and adjudicators is to separate opportunistic behavior by host states that should be sanctioned under international law from bona fide public policy measures that should not. This article suggests that international investment agreements (iias) need to be both ‘smarter’ and more ‘flexible’ to better make that distinction. It draws on economic contract theory as a basic framework, and political economy theory for fine-tuning.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Figure 3 shows the percentage of workers in finance among the top 10%, top 1% and top 0.1% earners. While the employment share of the financial sector is 4.4% on average in Europe, this ratio increases from 13% in the top 10% to 19% in the top 1% and even 26% in the top 0.1%. But as their shares in total employment and income are very small this should have little influence on the results.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Disturbances due to increased traffic or caused by rotating turbine blades in wind farms can render areas near roads, rails and wind turbines less usable to species even if there are no physical changes to the habitat. Hence, the effects of the risk of fatal collisions can basically be neglected on a larger scale. On a regional scale, the effects of urbanization on biodiversity may be insignificant and impossible to measure on a short time scale.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Mental health courts are emerging in communities across the country to address the growing number of individuals with serious mental illness in jails and the complex issues they present to the courts. Based on concepts of therapeutic jurisprudence and patterned after drug courts, mental health courts attempt to prevent criminalization and recidivism by providing critical mental health services. The authors describe mental health courts in Broward County, Florida, King County, Washington, Anchorage, Alaska, and Marion County, Indiana. Each of these courts is designed to meet the specific needs and resources of its jurisdiction. The courts' experiences suggest that involving all players from the beginning is essential. The authors discuss the issues of due process, availability of services, and control of resources, which must be addressed before mental health courts are widely implemented.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
It is also an intensively studied area with stable research protocols, consistent methodologies and converging results. Worldwide, the deaths of 3 million people per year are attributed to ambient air pollution, of which power generation contributes a significant share. Climate change action has a unique role in this context.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
These stocks require international cooperation to manage them due to their cross-boundary nature. Effective implementation of applicable international law is critical to ensuring the long-term sustainability of such stocks and, consequently, the continuation of benefits accrued through international trade in such stocks. The Agreement sets out a comprehensive legal framework for the implementation of those provisions of the Convention that relate to the long-term conservation and sustainable use of straddling and highly migratory fish stocks. In particular, it gives effect to, and elaborates on, the duty to cooperate set out in the Convention, as enshrined in articles 63(2), 64 and 116 to 119.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
As a consequence, European legislation such as the Water Framework Directive promotes the concept of cost-recovery, i.e. policies to recover the full costs of water provision, taking into account private costs (costs endorsed by water suppliers such as abstraction, storage and treatment costs) as well as social costs (costs endorsed by the society as a whole, including environmental costs). This reaction is measured by elasticities, which are often quite low (see Box 4.4), reflecting small effects of pricing. This is influenced by income levels and pricing structure.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Kazakhstan has turned from a net exporter to a net importer of beef, but in contrast to the milk sector, imports play a minor role in beef supply, with the country’s self-sufficiency ratio in beef at around 95% over the past two decades. Imports are mostly frozen beef from Argentina, Australia and Poland. Imported frozen beef is utilised by processing plants for sausage products and prepared foods, and is preferred due to its stable high quality and lower cost compared to fresh or chilled meat.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
From 2005, a recreational fisher may realize sales up to a maximum of 2 000 kg of cod. This will be reduced to 1 000 kg for 2011 as a part of the measures to rebuild the coastal cod. Tourists are not allowed to sell the catch. In June 2006, there was introduced an export quota on fish and fish products for personal travellers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
This activity will be the responsibility of the managers, who will work in conjunction with staff responsible for the use and management of the industrial machinery in question. This planning system would also afford access to the after-sales services offered by prestigious suppliers, involving the provision of specialist technical assistance on the use of their inputs. Such certifications would be added to those already granted by the Forest Stewardship Council.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
In practice, the National Marine Fisheries Service and regional fishery management councils typically set an overfished “threshold’' as part of designating what are called status determination criteria for the stock. When stock abundance falls below the threshold, the agency designates the stock as overfished and requires the relevant regional council to develop and implement a rebuilding plan as part of a fishery management plan or plan amendment. The plan must also include management measures to constrain the fishing mortality level to rebuild the stock within this time period. When a population increases to above the overfished threshold but remains below the rebuilding target, it is considered not overfished but still rebuilding.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Also, the developmental implications of diversifying primary commodity export markets and import sources, with greater trade through neighbouring transit economies, should not be exaggerated. Reliance of SSA countries on exports of primary commodities, especially minerals, has actually grown. Table 13 shows the share of primary commodity exports in total world exports and for selected African country groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
While these problems affected the efficiency and effectiveness of road-based public transportation (e.g. requiring passengers to transfer more often between feeder buses, trunk buses and the Metro), they also affected the overall public transport system, including the Metro. Transantiago’s initial design and service deficiencies dramatically increased demand for and use of the Metro system. From 2006 to 2007, the number of passengers using the Metro practically doubled, generating major congestion and service problems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Modern international shipping is largely a flag state-based system. Only the flag state has complete authority over the vessels that fly its flag, and as a result, other states’ jurisdiction over these vessels is very limited. Against this backdrop, this article examines the flag state’s responsibility for maritime terrorism, a major security issue and vulnerability in the global supply chain. It is not an exaggeration that the global community’s repeated statements regarding the illegality of terrorism have created a customary international law obligation for states to take all possible steps for the prevention of terrorism. This article argues that providing flags to suspicious entities in an obscure registration system is not compatible with this obligation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
African activists and women’s movements - e.g. Action for Development in Uganda, the National Women’s Lobby Group in Zambia, the National Committee on the Status of Women in Kenya, and the Women of Zimbabwe Arise as well as Forum Mulher in Mozambique - have played key roles in the local, national and international networks promoting a collective voice. The influence of women’s movements has been a factor in the transformation of national constitutions in several countries. This has resulted in more gender-equitable access to civil law (generally understood as a better vehicle for women’s political participation), the protection of women’s rights and the realization of their citizenship.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Women are often traditionally tasked with preparing dead bodies for burial, exposing them to direct contact with disease. Also, women can contract the disease through sexual intercourse with men who have recovered from Ebola, as the virus stays in the semen for up to seven weeks after recovery. It is not that Ebola targets women, however, a simple analysis uncovers the effect that gender roles can have on the rights of women, starting with the basic right to life. The ongoing discrimination that victims may face, and the impunity that typically prevails, requires that investigators and interpreters win the trust of victims. In most societies, it is often not socially acceptable to discuss the systematic oppression of women and IGBTI persons or certain prevalent violations, such as sexual violence. Consequently, besides the absence of reliable information, the investigation team may struggle lo identify where such violations have occurred and to find victims or witnesses who are willing to provide testimony.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Information sharing and pooling potential customers would be one way of approaching this. Job opportunities could also figure more prominently in building energy-efficiency plans, particularly in retrofitting projects, which could potentially provide job opportunities for local residents. First, recycling rates could be increased through introducing recycling sorting bins alongside household waste collection, rather than just at collection points.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Signals about the quality of SENA training are mixed. There seems to be scope for improving the ability of the training system to evolve in a timely way with industry needs as well as its quality and practices, when compared with standards in countries with which Colombia would like to compete. There is evidence that the CERES part of the training system has problems of scale, quality and relevance.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The European Court of Human Rights has expressed that a State cannot rely on its positive obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights in order to justify the detention of individuals, unless the detention falls within one of the grounds listed in Article 5.1. The Court has also interpreted these grounds very narrowly, leaving little room for preventive detention. While this is ordinarily a commendable position, it may potentially be too rigid in specific situations where there is a conflict between one individual’s right to liberty and other individuals’ or the community’s interests under Article 2 on the right to life or Article 3 on the prohibition against torture. This article inquires whether the Court should instead adopt a more flexible approach where it searches for a ‘fair balance’ between Article 5 and Articles 2 and 3.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The index is used to inform the planning and allocation of public DRR funds. Geospatial Application in Indonesia Disaster Management Authority (BNPB). World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, Sendai 2015. Of this, some 960 kilometres is 4,000 metres above sea level, reaching a peak at 5,072 metres. This is a multi-scale GIS database which combines raster and vector images linked with non-spatial information. These include core data, hazard-specific data, corresponding attribute data, and live data from remote national locations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Looking ahead, two factors may aggravate labour mismatches. First, technological progress tends to reduce demand for low to medium-skilled labour and increase demand for high-skilled labour. Second, young high-skilled emigration appears to have increased over recent years, although from a relatively low base. Data for 2004 is shown in parentheses for comparison. Break in series in 2009 due to a change in industry classification.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
However, this is explained by the ISC’s federal remit where ISCs have played a strong and active role in developing learning modules that are used by the VET sector. Additionally, more local employer engagement was also evident, with local practitioners having contacts with local businesses or having recently joined teaching from industry. This has enabled the VET sector to develop a wide range of industry relevant training - often top-up courses - to equip the existing and future greener workforce in Sydney as needs change.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Besides, many conduct monitoring service quality practices with the aim of informing the public about the level of quality provided (19), which provides more transparency to the users of ECEC. In addition, it is common to monitor service quality to enhance children’s development (16) and to improve staff performance (16). Source: Table 3.1, OECD Network on ECEC, “Online Survey on Monitoring Quality in Early Learning and Development”, November 2013.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)