albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
First the consequenses of scaling up the production for the climate change mitigation (chapter 12) and then the socio economic factors are discussed (chapter 13). The section is wrapped up by a discussion on the identified challenges for the Nordic, including barriers and steps to take (chapter 13). Forecasts on Aviation growth shows that emissions will almost triple by 2050 with over 2.6 Gt/yr in a baseline scenario (ICAO, 2013). It assesses the climate effects of this conversion.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Unlike the other groups studied in this book, the Armenians have official minority status according to the Treaty of Lausanne (1923). The democratization and improvement of minority rights stimulated by the EU accession process, and corresponding rise in pluralism and empowerment of NGOs, have enhanced the visibility of the Armenian community and the perceived legitimacy of its demands. Yet, despite recent encouraging reforms, there are still many grievances relating, for example, to lack of restitution of confiscated properties, shortage of priests, limitations to self-government in schools and churches, discrimination regarding employment in the civil service and the right to hold political office, anti-minority rhetoric in school textbooks, and difficulties with the restoration and protection of Armenian churches and historical sites.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
As a precursor to the United Kingdom's ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2001, the respective Parliaments in the UK adopted two Acts to implement the obligations that treaty imposed on the UK, and to implement the international crimes, as defined in that treaty, into the law of the UK. When the International Criminal Court Act (ICC Act) was being debated in 2001, Baroness Scotland, speaking for the Government, explained that part of the raison d'etre of the Act was that the UK ought not to be seen as a safe haven for international criminals. However, in line with article 11 of the Rome Statute, the jurisdiction of UK courts over such offences, insofar as they were not already covered by the Geneva Conventions Act 1957 and the Genocide Act 1969 (the latter of which was repealed by the ICC Act) only applied prospectively.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
Others contend that company reporting would not provide new or useful information that would be sufficient or that providing consolidated data broken down for purposes of country-by-country corporate sustainability reporting is costly, arbitrary and impractical. Yet others maintain that the necessary data are indeed available at a legal entity level because the use of resources is part of an entity's cost and management accounting. Moreover, if data are provided to national statistical offices, it should not be difficult to make them publicly available in company reports.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Introduction Acknowledgments Contributors 1. The ground of Locke's law of nature Thomas G. West 2. Montesquieu's natural rights constitutionalism Paul A. Rahe 3. The idea of rights in the imperial crisis Craig Yirush 4. Thompson on declaring the laws and rights of nature C. Bradley 5. Lysander Spooner: nineteenth-century America's last natural rights theorist Eric Mack 6. Progressivism and the doctrine of natural rights James W. Ceaser 7. Some second thoughts on progressivism and rights Eldon J. Eisenach 8. Freedom, history, and race in progressive thought Tiffany Jones Miller 9. The progressive era assault on individualism and property rights James W. Ely, Jr 10. Saving Locke from Marx: the labor theory of value in intellectual property theory Adam Mossoff 11. Roosevelt, Wilson, and the democratic theory of national progressivism Ronald J. Pestritto 12. On the separation of powers: liberal and progressive constitutionalism Michael Zuckert.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The plan ought to be consistent with overall fiscal projections and be communicated in a clear and transparent way to ensure that all stakeholders in the education system are fully aware of the implications of those decisions. For that purpose, an explicit presentation of a benefit-incidence analysis would be extremely useful. Moreover, the choice between different components of the reform to be prioritised should be based on their expected cost-effectiveness which, once more, ought to be an explicit component of all budgetary decisions giving citizens the opportunity to understand how trade-offs in the allocation of scarce resources are being addressed. Reports by the Education Superintendence find that 17% of schools misreport school attendance. The Chilean Association of Municipalities estimates the accumulated debt as of 2014 was CLP 250 000 million or close to USD 450 million (see newspaper La Tercera, 2 November 2015, p. 16).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Today, Kazakhstan continues to embark on profound reforms to improve the quality of the education system and is increasingly looking at international standards and best practices. The SPED further develops previously adopted strategies, such as the State Program for Education Development for 2005-10, the State Program for Technical and Vocational Education Development for 2008-12, the Children of Kazakhstan Program for 2007-11, and the Balapan Pre-primary Education Program for 2010-14. Other relevant challenges identified in other education levels relevant for schooling include the little access to pre-primary education, the mismatch between education supply and employers’ demand for qualified vocational and higher education graduates, the lack of a national qualifications system, and the disconnect between the content of school education and the content of higher education. This overall goal has been operationalised in 10 directions and 23 targets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In view of the existence of various forms of family, such as unmarried couples and their children or single parents and their children. States parties should also indicate whether and to what extent such types offamily and their members are recognized and protected by domestic law and practice. Therefore, we encounter very different family forms today.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
This may be sssas the issue of a formal written notce, a targeted support ultimately dismissal if not achieved. Australia: Australia is a federation of eight states and territories. There are differences in school leader appraisal systems between states and territories and also between public (government) and private (non-government) schools.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
The initial risk analysis is based on a review of each school’s outcomes, annual accounts and "failure signals” such as complaints. For its inspection visits, the Inspectorate uses a detailed framework of quality indicators and a clear set of decision rules. As part of this framework, the Inspectorate of Education also evaluates the internal quality care undertaken by schools .
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
It should be noted that available statistics do not in practice rigorously follow consistent water use class definition criteria. Rather, they follow the main targets of the groundwater withdrawal provisions, which means that rural drinking water supplied by irrigation wells may be included in "irrigation use" statistics, whereas water from public water supplies but used for small-scale irrigation or for small business or industrial uses may be included under "domestic use". Data on the break-down of groundwater abstraction with respect to water use sectors are much scarcer than data on total abstraction, and time series are virtually non-existent. In view of this, as a first approximation, it is assumed that the breakdown over the water use sectors does not vary much in time, hence even data of ten years earlier could still be representative for 2010.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
If each donor individually reported all the private finance mobilised for a given project, then significant double counting could result. Firstly, clarity is needed regarding the coverage of collective versus individual reporting. Secondly, communication to the UNFCCC of collective reports would need some changes regarding who would be authorised to submit any collective reports, and how these reports would be represented alongside individual country reports in order to provide a complete picture of information reported.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
As such, the initial development of the approach was very much inspired by similar motivations for this present study. The conceptual framework of the multidimensional child poverty approach reflects the notions of both child well-being and well-becoming, thereby stressing the importance of both current quality of life for children as well as their opportunities to prepare for adulthood. This combination of, usually, distinct theoretical concepts also allows for the use of both outcome- and opportunity-based indicators for the operationalization of the conceptual framework.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
This is highly relevant for LDCs where the majority of Internet use is from mobile phones and where prepaid predominates. The ITU basket is based on the lowest monthly charge fora package including at least 500 MB of data usage per month. The basket finds a wide range of prices across the LDCs in 2016 ranging from US$1 to US$51 with the median equal to US$ 6.30 (Figure 4.1).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
This is why district heating networks have the potential to be very efficient: From a systems perspective, it reduces the demand for primary energy. As an example, today's district steam system on Manhattan in New York was commissioned already in 1882. Today, however, modern district heating systems in the US are found primarily on university campuses.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
According to data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys from 2010-2017 in developing countries, access to finance is the foremost barrier to firm development (World Bank, 2017, Figure 1.1). These financial constraints are exacerbated for green growth and climate action in which the private sector is sometimes reluctant to invest, in part, to a lack of proven and readily available business models or a failure to understand the business case. Development cooperation can address both the demand side and offer side of the access to finance equation. On the one hand, it can stimulate demand for clean technologies, for example, by raising awareness and demonstrating the business case.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
In Bahrain and Lebanon, there is, for instance, a jurisdiction for Sunnis and another for Shias, each of them with their own non-codified laws. However, in the case of Bahrain, the Family Law (Part 1), which concerns the Sunni sect, was promulgated under Law No. The Egyptian child law was amended in 2008 to raise the minimum age for marriage of girls to 18.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
It can also provide a common basis for dialogue among stakeholders and facilitate information sharing to improve the communication, uptake and acceptance of SMM policies and principles. Such analysis encompasses a range of economic techniques based around cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis and is used to assess the potential impacts on social welfare from policy initiatives. Issues such as environmental valuation techniques, the distribution of costs and benefits over time and groups within society, and appropriate discount rates all play an important role in the use of cost-benefit analysis (OECD, 2006). Belgium and the US, among other OECD countries, have many voluntary partnership programmes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg12)
Interconnections are key to overcoming congestion and bottlenecks in electricity transmission and contribute to the alleviation of variability through two interrelated effects: (1) the technological and geographical spread of variable renewables, and (2) the pooling of conventional capacity (nuclear, hydro, coal and gas) available for flexible dispatch. More centralised market designs can help to improve co-ordination and dispatch efficiency in order to reduce the integration costs of variable renewables. In order to advance towards more integrated systems, it is important to promote common rules and schedules for capacity allocation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Australia and the United States have large no-take marine reserves. The data completeness may be quite poor, and the structure of the way this information is reported in the database makes it difficult to resolve overlaps or to reconcile the different areal measurement techniques used, therefore these figures should be used with caution. This is particularly important for countries such as the United States, France, Australia and the United Kingdom as these countries (with their overseas affiliated territories, which are generally small islands) account for large share of global EEZ area. In some cases, such overseas MPAs account for a greater share of the total MPAs for a country than those within the domestic EEZ.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
Examples include support from the governments of Sweden (through Sida and SAREC), Norway (through NORAD), Japan (through JICA), and overseas development assistance (ODA) facilities offered by many other governments, as well as structured partnerships between local and foreign universities (historic), and China and South Korea, more recently. Within these initiatives, short-courses and training workshops (1-3 weeks), with some longer-term degree courses (1-4 years) has been a primary vehicle for improving local capacity. Traditionally the pipeline mode existed in which scientists set the research agenda, conduct the research, and then transfer the results to potential users.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
Conditions for investments for energy companies might be more favourable in urban areas because the average income, electricity consumption and population densities in cities are generally higher than in rural populations and because infrastructure is partly developed. Solutions for rural populations will differ in many cases from urban solutions and may require building of demand and infrastructure. Slums in adjacent to urban areas, although decreasing in relative numbers, continue to expand and are increasing in absolute numbers.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
Section III explains the methodology and section IV presents the empirical findings. Lastly, section V concludes with a summary and discussion of the findings. Below, we distinguish between different types of social policy that affect work-family tensions,3 then discuss how these maintain or change socioeconomic and gender relations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
These rents may be shared with consumers through an overextension of credit and underpricing of risk, employees in the form of higher wage-productivity differentials and other stakeholders involved in banks' business (Denk et al., The transmission of some of the financial sector rents to employees requires bargaining power on the part of financial sector workers, since otherwise financial institutions would pay the competitive wage. Rents can be transmitted to financial sector workers in two ways: wage premia and overskilling. Wage premia are analysed in this section, overskilling is the subject of the next section.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
On the other hand, it is important to note that any economy will only be able to reap the full benefits of ICT if access to energy is secured, and that energy consumption triggered by ICT may pose a challenge in particular to decoupling energy consumption and economic growth. For instance, business incentives can be based on additional revenue sources that can be tapped into by collaboration such as offering power supply to people in remote areas or developing new products and services e.g. in smart city environments. Incentives created by policy frameworks include infrastructure mapping initiatives as well as relevant directives such as the Cost Reduction Directive in the European Union.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg7)
The classification of ecosystems combines information on land cover, elevation and 'rugosity' (i.e. level of disturbance of the land]. This results in maps identifying different types of ecosystems. Various sets of information that are more precise may be combined with these maps, as far as the information is available. In so far as information on the biodiversity exists the MEGS could also help establish links between biodiversity and the availability of resources/services but it must be pointed out that in Canada, at this stage, there is a lack of information on biodiversity.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
One aspect is combating illegal fishing. In connection with damage to biological resources, a claim amounting to 55,743 manat was made and a penalty imposed. Another aspect is the constmction of breeding plants forfishtobe released into the Sea. Alongside increasing baby fish population in the stuigeon fish hatcheries, efforts have been undertaken to create feedstuff for baby fish with live feed oiganisms in accordance with biotechnical norms. Overall, 416.3 million fishery-grown baby fishes of various species were increased artificially and naturally then released into specially designed water basins. Stuigeon lay eggs in the river and need specific habitat characteristics.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
Whilst IP and intangible asset valuation reports should always make the basis for their calculations clear, a lender or investor may be sceptical regarding whether a valuation paid for by a company (which may naturally be motivated to put the best possible complexion on their assets’ value) will take the same view of risk as would be present in a report commissioned by themselves. Generating confidence in the values found, while ensuring that financiers are incentivised to act responsibly (for example, by not placing undue reliance on the presence of a guarantee), is an important area of policy concern. Both of these approaches have been used by countries that operate IP financing schemes, as explored in Part 4, but each can be problematic.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The pitfall of this approach is that it often does not tackle head-on the need for transforming power relations and structural aspects associated, for example, with ownership and consumption patterns. Nevertheless, re-embedding markets into regulatory institutions can strengthen the pursuit of social and environmental goals. These focus not only on relative decoupling (of emissions from growth) but also on absolute decoupling, not only social protection, but also reducing inequalities and the emancipation and empowerment of disadvantaged groups.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
It conceptualizes the city as living super-organism in which there are continuous flows of inputs and outputs and helps in the study of the patterns of movements of matter and energy. This supports cities in identifying opportunities for sustainable resource management and can be linked with infrastructure to find alternative ways of using resources sustainably. The system can be fully adapted to suit the local requirements and policy priorities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
Globally, the most common form of violence women experience is from an intimate partner (WHO 2017), and because almost one-third of women who have been in an intimate relationship have experienced physical or sexual violence, this dramatically influences women and girls' capacities to sustain their position in the workforce, or indeed their capacity to enter the workforce to begin with. Women and girls' exposure to domestic violence and their access to justice also comprise important components of this analysis and is a theme returned to in Section 3 of this report. Indeed, the World Bank report cited above found that in 65 per cent of the economies it surveyed, there were no laws protecting women and girls from sexual harassment, while 45 countries had no laws protecting women and children from domestic violence. Further, 59 countries did not have laws prohibiting sexual harassment in the workplace (World Bank 2018a). Specifically, these dimensions examine the proportions of women who are able to move into the highest levels in companies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
The exhibit shows the treatment costs, additional health care spending and cost per additional life year associated with ten promising medical innovations. Treatment costs refer to the costs of providing the listed breakthrough technology and are based on comparisons with existing technologies as identified by expert panels. Costs per additional life year do not include improvements in morbidity and disability during a Irfeti me and hence should be thought of as upper bounds on a cost-effectiveness ratio.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
This paper discusses the impact of task performance, fraud risk assessment and forensic accountants and auditors’ skills and mindsets in the Nigerian public sector. It also draws the attention of the users of public sector accountants and auditors such as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, the Independent and Corrupt Practices Commission, Special Control Unit of Money Laundering, Terrorism Financing and white collar crimes. The objective of the study is to enhance the fraud risk assessment task performance in the Office of both Auditor General for the Federation and Accountant General of the Federation through the effective use of skills and mindsets (forensic accountant vs. auditor), which will usher in the best corporate governance practices in the Nigerian public sector. Thus, the study suggests performance measurement can be improved considering the impact of forensic accountant skills and mindsets on fraud risk assessment in the Nigerian public sector.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
In a public questionnaire on cardiovascular risk factors in 2010, directed to adults in Costa Rica above 20 years of age, it was found that 37.8% of the population had hypertension and 42% presented high cholesterol levels (Ministry of Health, 2014a). Furthermore it was found that 50.9% of the Costa Rican population above 20 years of age had low or none engagement in physical activity. Obesity levels in Costa Rica w:ere 24.4 in 2014, which is higher than the average of 19% among OECD countries in 2013 (OECD, 2016).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
The concepts of vulnerability and resilience for both the infrastructure project itself and the services that it will provide need to be addressed from the early planning stages. Weighing the risks arising from natural disasters and climate change when it comes to connectivity, the provision of drinking water, public services and other areas, will minimise potential for future disruption of productive and social activities (see Section 2 below for a more detailed discussion of the components of a long-term planning system). A more integrated view of infrastructure across various sectors can contribute to the country’s development. A review by the National Audit Office (NAO, 2010) for example, indicates that in the health sector most PFI hospitals are well managed and are achieving the value for money initially intended.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
Financial resources should be allocated both at national and local level (on the island). This should be a collaborative effort between the public and private sector. The private sector, the public sector and the educational institutions should cooperate when implementing the national and regional strategies.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)