albertmartinez/OSDG huggingface dataset:
This article aims to understand the (un)reasons that justified the ban on blood donation by men-sex-men (MSM) and their partners for 12 months, which, in practice, did definitively, based on the theses raised in the judgment of the ADI 5543/DF at the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court. The methodology used is developed from exploratory research, as well as content analysis, considering the need for checking any constitutional (in)compatibility and (non)conformity, veiled in the forms that cover the interpretation activity of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court, in the light of the reflexive sociology. It concludes that the prohibition of blood donation by MSM is not supported when faced with the principles of proportionality and reasonableness, in addition to being a serious disrespect for homoaffective human rights.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The experiences of Nanhai district set a good example for how local government can play a key role in effectively supervising and rectifying village rules that infringe women's land-related rights and interests. For those very few villages that refused to change their rules to grant "married-out" women equal land rights, judicial procedures were applied to enforce compliance. The combination of administrative and judicial means proved to be very effective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg5)
Industrialization was understood to be an inherently dynamic process, thanks to the presence of increasing returns (both at the firm and sectoral levels), complementarities (on both the supply and demand side), learning economies and various other externalities that if successfully exploited could drive productivity growth and support job creation. Accordingly, the state would have to be involved in connecting the investment and industrialization processes in developing countries. The question was how and where it should make that connection.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In AusAID's broader rural development strategy, social protection is one of three pillars, alongside agricultural research and improving rural and agricultural markets. The main contrast for AusAID is geographic. In Southeast Asia and tf Pacific, most programming (in particular in MICs) focuses on tackling financial barriers to education and health service access.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
Municipalities, usually in charge of public services of water, can also have planning functions. “ Departments” (sub-national government between municipal and regional layers) contribute to territorial development and rural equipment through a series of financial subsidies to municipalities for investments related to water and sanitation infrastructure, and regions can also co-fund water and sanitation networks in the framework of the Contrat de Plan £tat-Regions. As water is a regional issue in Belgium, Flanders and Wallonia replied separately. In unitary countries such as Japan (regional offices of individual ministries), Israel (Israeli Water Authority) and Korea, representatives of line ministries in regions are the main actors in charge of implementation at sub-national level. Central services representing line ministries in regions can also play an important role in countries that have somewhat decentralised their water policy making, whether these are federal states (Belgium) or unitary (New Zealand).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
A number of reasons can explain the high debt service, including the high level of interest rates, short maturities, and stringent rules on paying back credit-card debt. House price indices for major metropolitan regions indicate annual increases of around 12%. Interest rates are for household credit from non-earmarked funds. Average labour incomes are 4.4 times higher in Brazil’s capital region Distrito Federal than in the state of Piaui, while GDP per capita is more than 8 times higher. Inequality within states tends to be higher in regions with lower average incomes per capita, with particular progress made in Piaui and Maranhao in the Northeast.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg10)
Curricula should include multiculturalism and diversity as content topics in language classes, history and civic education. Sweden should apply and implement a diversity-conscious curriculum consistently across schools. For immigrant students, inclusive schools can increase their opportunities to learn because they are able to interact with other children, which in turn can promote their family and community participation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Interestingly, the association between the concentration of immigrants in a school and academic performance was similar across students with and without an immigrant background (Table 7.9, available on line). In Australia students in the former group were four percentage points more likely to report feeling like they belong at school. The difference was wider when comparing students who attend schools where fewer than one in 10 students has an immigrant background and students who attend schools where more than one in two students is an immigrant student. In Austria, Denmark, France and Switzerland, this difference amounted to more than five percentage points.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
There is a growing consensus that parliamentary systems with recently enacted bills of rights constitute a new model of constitutionalism that serves as a middle ground between parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy. One of the key features often discussed in relation to this 'weak-form' or 'Commonwealth' model of judicial review is the notion of an inter-branch dialogue about rights that permits legislatures to respond to court rulings about the policies at stake. This article develops a framework for empirically assessing whether and how dialogue operates in practice. A systematic examination of legislative responses to Supreme Court rulings affecting legislation in Canada finds that relatively little genuine dialogue occurs in practice because legislatures rarely respond in a manner that departs from the dictates of the Court's rulings. The article then explores the implications this type of empirical assessment might have for other parliamentary systems.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
This article is a theorized diary of three field trips to a remote part of South ern Africa. It develops a reflexive argument for a reverse cultural studies in discussing problems in fieldwork, globalization, academic access, and research accountability. Academy-bound scholarship claiming to be study ing the popular is questioned. An argument is made for an empirical space in cultural studies for a greater acknowledgement of fieldwork done in the Third and Fourth Worlds vis-a-vis theory development in the Western metropoles. The narrative aims to forge a space in the global publications industry for kinds of cultural studies done in Africa, in which detail is as important as theory, in which human agency is described and recognized, and in which voices from the field, our subjects of observation, are engaged by researchers as their equals in human dignity and thus as pro ducers of knowledge. Theoreticism is questioned.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
They want to understand how to ensure the safety of their business information in cyberspace. Generating trust will be one of the key roles of business ecosystem players in years to come if new technologies are to be embraced by businesses, and societies are to accept change. Both the digital and platform economies are drastically altering the way the business ecosystem is structured, and are also changing the functions of these institutions within that ecosystem.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
There is an intensive human impact both in Ukraine and in the Russian Federation, mainly from the coal industry, mine water discharges, irrigated agriculture, and public utilities. Industrial discharges have a transboundary impact. Periodic releases of distillation liquids from a sodium carbonate company in Lugansk are reported.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg6)
These advances allow companies to mine and exploit so-called ‘alternative data’. Such data include information on the location of consumers, frequency and type of phone calls, frequency of utility bill payments, social media presence, and various other items. Based on this information, financial technology companies build models that calculate the propensity of consumers to repay their financial obligations and that provide them with the appropriate financial facilities. Consequently, financial technology companies can provide access to finance and credit without relying on credit-scoring agencies, which do not operate in all markets.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
The main theme of this paper is the examination of the current EU legal framework for open data in relation to environmental matters and its transparency. The paper will explore a number of benefits that transparency can bring to beneficiaries. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: the first part of the paper will deal with the efficacy of EU legislation in ensuring there is a sufficient level of transparency in communicating the environmental data openly to the public. The Aarhus Convention grants a wider scope of right of access to environmental information. The second part of the paper will look at possible adverse effects that transparency can bring to the individual and society as a whole. The paper will focus on exploring the conflicting interests between disclosure of the environmental data and potential harms caused to the individuals, such as deterioration of protection of the right to privacy.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
But meeting the goals of eradicating hunger and poverty by 2030, while addressing the threat of climate change, will require a profound transformation of food and agriculture systems worldwide. Changes will need to be made in a way that does not jeopardize the capacity of the agriculture sectors - crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry - to meet the world's food needs. Global food demand in 2050 is projected to increase by at least 60 percent above 2006 levels, driven by population and income growth, as well as rapid urbanization.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
These countries have low current mean transfer amounts, and a low proportion of children receiving these benefits. Spain is the most extreme example, with a mean family transfer per child being $206.6, of which only 9% of children receive, and a mean housing transfer of $13.3 that 1.2% of children receive. In these countries, targeting poor children raises the take-up rate among poor children significantly, as well as the transfer amount, so some poor children leave the poverty line, while having a minimal effect on those children above the poverty line.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
For example, the direct annual medical cost in the United States for a male diagnosed with diabetes (but with no complications) was found to be USD 2 465. However, these costs escalated when the disease advanced and complications set in. Annual costs rose by between 70% and 150% for patients with coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hemiplegia, and amputation.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
As more and more infrastructure developers, contractors and sub-contractors participate, the blockchain-based contract management system could become a driver for increased standardisation and automation in the infrastructure sector. Similar to the environmental, social and governance (ESG) standards that are applied in infrastructure investments, a blockchain-based contract management standard could also be developed as additional consideration for infrastructure development projects. Implementing the right measures for global infrastructure-related action (e.g. financing, certification, reporting and compliance) requires decision makers to have access to genuine, standardised and up-to-date information. However, today’s persistent operational challenges, especially in regards to transparency, auditability and interoperability of data, result in inefficient processes and unaligned activities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
In addition, the country has decreased its reliance on imported inputs for export production and reduced its dependency on processing exports. The share of capital goods in China's total exports rose from 30 per cent in 2000 to nearly 50 per cent in 2008, while its share in total imports was declining. Intermediate imports were also declining, from 40 per cent of total imports to only 20 per cent during those years. The growth rate of processing exports has been lagging behind ordinary exports since 2005.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
It can also promote synergies and knowledge sharing between teams working on different accounts. Chapter 8 concludes the Guide by reporting areas of existing and ideas for future research regarding the measurement of unpaid household service work. Simultaneous activities take place in parallel with each other, such as looking after children while cooking a meal. There are numerous solutions to recording the time spent in simultaneous activities.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg8)
The main functions are those provided directly by the metropolitan region or regional authority. For example, in Sao Paulo, transportation, planning and water and sanitation networks are provided by state companies for the metropolitan area. In Santiago, there is no metropolitan-wide service delivery capacity. J. (2008), “Recent Perspectives on Metropolitan Organization, Functions and Governance”, in E. Rojas, J.R. Cuadrado-Roura and J.M. Fernandez Giiell (eds.),
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
As noted earlier, households may be classified as not experiencing deprivation of any sort or as exhibiting deprivation in terms of at least one of 13 different indicators. This translates into a reduction, in relative terms, from 68.9% to 62.1% of the urban population. This means that, in the space of just five years, the percentage of the population that is not living in poverty jumped from 31.8% to 37.9%, thanks to the country’s recent progress in socioeconomic terms. The percentage of households experiencing deprivation as measured by six or more indicators was so small as to be statistically insignificant, and the results for deprivation as measured by 10 or more indicators were nil.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Furthermore, there are significant challenges related to the operation of the programme having to do with health workers. Actions under the programme include universal delivery of a welcome kit and social assistance work focused on diet, inclusion in social protection networks (family allowances, payment for prenatal, health and housing programmes), construction and support for construction of information systems and action on universal policies to increase their intake capacity and the quality of care for the most vulnerable population. Some 10 months of intensive social assistance work with each family or pregnant woman brought about a marked reduction in the rate of childhood anaemia (from 32% to 9%), depression among mothers and pregnant women (from 31% to 16%) and alterations in height, weight and motor skills of the population under 24 months (from 44% to 22%) (UCC/OPP, 2014).
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg1)
Many countries across the OECD, including France, have recently grappled with similar reforms - with the need to reduce complexity and yet forward integrated spatial planning that can address multiple sectoral issues and policies across a functional territory and act in a timely and responsive manner. The new approach in the Netherlands is unique in terms of how it reorients relationships. A critical element of Dutch spatial and land-use planning is that while institutional frameworks (laws, policies, regulations) structure action, they are not the only feature that does so.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg11)
In addition to sector-specific activities, Austria has taken steps to mainstream climate change adaptation throughout government operations. One such step was the Climate Impact Test, a mandatory test on climate change mitigation and adaptation applied to proposed federal regulations. It was later integrated into the new regulatory impact assessment process, in force since 2013.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg13)
Governments have implemented new initiatives and increased spending to encourage greater enrolment and attendance at the school level. In higher education they are seeking to implement wide-ranging changes to the regulatory framework. At the same time the rising affluence and aspirations of households is spurring strong demand for education at all levels and the traditional dominance of the public sector as a provider of education is receding. The dual challenge now is to build on the considerable progress made in lifting participation and, equally importantly, improve the quality of education outcomes.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
In June 2015, the United Arab Emirates health authorities recommended the inclusion of three plant materials, namely kava (Piper methysticum), kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) and Salvia divinorum in Table 4 of that country’s Federal Law No. In the United Arab Emirates, efforts are also being made to standardize procedures for prescriptions involving controlled substances, restricted pharmaceuticals and psychoactive drugs, including innovative measures such as the establishment of an electronic system for the issuance of prescriptions and the dispensing of medicines containing controlled narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. In February 2015, Turkmenistan strengthened its main drug control law on narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors through an amendment establishing that amnesty may not be granted to individuals who have been convicted of crimes related to trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or precursors.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg3)
As most fisheries managed by RFMOs are fully subscribed, there is little room for carrying out new incremental activities in established fisheries within such structures. As a result, existing or new idle capacity may become engaged in IUU activities8 unless prevented through domestic and international legal and fisheries policy frameworks. To ensure sustainable fisheries on the high seas it is therefore important that states co-operate both with respect to managing fish stocks on the high seas and to ensure that idle domestic fishing capacity is not being inappropriately transferred to the high seas or to other states.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg14)
A do-no-harm principle would work better in this case. The starkest example of this is related to public works, where there is a need to prioritise either the welfare function of public works or the asset creation function. Creating assets efficiently and effectively requires a higher level of planning and expenditure on capital assets (machinery) and staff (engineers), which reduces the amount of programme funding available for wage transfers. Frequently, attempts to navigate this trade-off result in a sub-optimal scenario where the quality of public works is very poor.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg2)
It starts with a look at how well-prepared incoming teachers feel and then reviews some data from PISA on teacher-directed and student-oriented learning, as well as gaps between intended and implemented pedagogical practice. After that, it presents initial findings from a first assessment of teachers' general pedagogical knowledge and then concludes with some policy levers to shape innovative learning environments. However, the first phase of their careers can be strenuous and stressful, as they have limited experience for coping with many new and challenging situations.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
They have added to knowledge of the private and social returns to R&D (Hall et al., Recent evidence also indicates the importance of complementarities in investments in ICT and organisational and managerial capabilities (Bresnahan et al., As yet, however, existing firm-level evidence has only captured part of the innovation process.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
However, ideally the rate should reflect the trees’ biodiversity value, with higher rates for threatened species, possibly based on the priority ranking of threatened forest tree species (see Koziol and Matras, 2013). Most expenditure on nature protection on private land over 2007-13 was financed by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) as part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). As regards public land, there is uncertainty as to the amount of LP budget devoted to nature protection, but budgetary expenditure on nature protection in LP forests has remained very limited.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg15)
This paper discusses about the dynamics of the development of the international norm “war on terror” which is analyzed from three dominant approaches in international relations, realism, liberalism, and constructivism. Specifically, this paper seeks to reveal the dynamics of war on terror norms from its inception to date, where the norms have been adopted by the majority of the international community. The first stage is the emergence of the norms which fall within realist thinking stressing on materialist and rationalist dimensions such as security issues and threats from terrorists. The second stage emphasizes on the role of international organizations and international law that closely associated with liberalist thinking. The last stage is strengthening the norms focusing on shared ideas related to humanity, human rights and freedom to build a common identity that led to the emergence of the counter-terrorism norms that fit constructivist perspective.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg16)
The second is the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, a sea route linking Asia, Africa and Europe. These include, for example, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which also demonstrates the BRI's scope in that it combines infrastructural and industrial development with physical and telecommunications connectivity. As a BRI corridor, CPEC will link Pakistan with the land and sea corridors to the rest of Asia, Europe, and Africa.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)
According to data from the Ministry for Children, Education and Gender Equality, the number of pedagogues in the Folkeskole increased from 3 961 in 2010/11 to 5 785 in 2013/14 (Danish Ministry for Children, Education and Gender Equality, 2016b). Private school teachers are organised in a separate union and do not a take part in the negotiations for teachers working in the Folkeskole. Historically, working conditions for teachers in the Folkeskole have been determined in negotiations between the teacher union and LGDK.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg4)
Myanmar's new telecommunication law opened the sector to competition, in Bangladesh, spectrum for 3G was auctioned. Both nations have experienced operators with the resources to undertake the necessary investments amounting to billions of US dollars (Figure 6.4). Norway's Telenor, operating in over a dozen countries in the world, is active in both countries.
(Sustainable Development Goal: sdg9)