ސަރުކާރު ހިންގުމުގެ ނިޒާމަށް ބަލައިގެން ހެދިފައިވާ ޤައުމުތަކުގެ ލިސްޓު

މިއީ ސަރުކާރު ހިންގުމުގެ ނިޒާމަށް ބަލައިގެން ތަޤްސީމު ކުރެވިފައިވާ ޤައުމުތަކުގެ ލިސްޓެކެވެ.

ޤައުމުތަކުގެ ލިސްޓު

Systems of Governance

Presidential / Separated republics 
These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

Full presidential systems 

In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government.  There is no prime minister.

Afghanistan
Argentina
Benin
Bolivia
Brazil
Burundi
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
Colombia
Comoros
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo
Costa Rica

Côte d'Ivoire
Cyprus
Djibouti
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
The Gambia
Ghana
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Honduras

Indonesia
Iran  (to some degree)
Kenya
Kiribati
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Maldives
Marshall Islands
Mexico
Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Palau
Panama

Paraguay
Philippines
Rwanda
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Sudan
Suriname
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Uganda
United States of America
Uruguay
Venezuela
Zambia
Zimbabwe

Semi-presidential systems 
In semi-presidential systems, there is usually both a president and a prime minister.  In such systems, the President has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a head of government is exercised by the prime minister, who is also head of the legislature.

Algeria
Angola 
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Burkina Faso
Cape Verde
Egypt
France
Georgia
Guyana
Haiti
Kazakhstan

Republic of Korea
Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon
Mali
Moldova
Mongolia
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Pakistan
Peru
Romania

Russia
São Tomé and Príncipe
Senegal
Serbia
Sri Lanka
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Western Sahara 
Yemen

Parliamentary republics 
A Parliamentary republic is a system in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The Presidents degree of executive power may range from being reasonably significant (eg. Poland) to little or none at all (eg. Ireland). Where the President holds little executive power, their function is primarily that of a symbolic figurehead.

Albania
Austria
Bangladesh 
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Dominica
East Timor
Estonia

Ethiopia
Finland
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
India
Iraq
Ireland

Israel
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Macedonia
Malta
Mauritius
Mauritania
Montenegro
Poland

Portugal
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
Trinidad and Tobago
Turkey
Vanuatu

Mixed Republican Systems 
 

Botswana 
South Africa 
Switzerland 
San Marino

Constitutional monarchies 
Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government, the people or their representatives.

Andorra 
Belgium
Cambodia
Denmark
Japan
Lesotho
Luxembourg

Malaysia
Netherlands
Norway
Samoa
Spain
Sweden

Commonwealth realms 
Constitutional monarchies, in which Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state over an independent government. In each Realm, she acts as the monarch of that state, and is usually titled accordingly - for example, Queen of Australia. The Queen appoints a Governor-General to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as her representative. The prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature.

Antigua and Barbuda
Australia
The Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Canada
Grenada
Jamaica

New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Solomon Islands
Tuvalu
United Kingdom

Semi-constitutional monarchies 
The prime minister (or equivalent) is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at his/her own independent discretion. 

Bahrain
Jordan
Kuwait
Liechtenstein

Monaco
Morocco
Nepal

Absolute monarchies 
Monarchies in which the monarch is the active head of the executive branch and exercises all powers.

 
Bhutan 
Brunei
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
 
Swaziland
Tonga
United Arab Emirates 
Vatican City State

Theocracies 
States based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.
Iran  (to some degree)
 the Holy See (Vatican City)

One-party states 
States in which political power is concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy. However, some do have elected governments.

 
People's Republic of China (Communist Party) (list)
Cuba (Communist Party) (list)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Workers' Party) (list)
Laos (Revolutionary  Party) (list)
Syria (Arab Socialist Ba'th Party) (list)
Turkmenistan (Democratic Party) (list)
Vietnam (Communist Party) (list)

Military junta states 
The nation's armed forces control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.

Fiji (until 2010)
Libya 
Myanmar

Transitional 
States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and cannot be accurately classified. (with current direction of change)
Somalia (toward semi-presidential republic)
Sudan (bipartisan Government of National Unity)
Palestinian Authority (toward semi-presidential republic)
Thailand (toward constitutional monarchy)
Nepal  (toward constitutional monarchy or parliamentary republic)
Iraq  (toward parliamentary republic)
Eritrea (Towards presidential republic)

Systems of Internal Governance

Federal 
States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. In many cases, the central government is (in theory) a creation of the regional governments; a prime example is the United States.

 
Argentina (23 provinces and 1 autonomous city)
Australia (6 states and 2 territories)
Austria (9 states)
Belgium (Flanders/Flemish Region and Wallonia/Walloon Region)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska)
Brazil (26 states and 1 federal district)
Canada (10 provinces and 3 territories)
Comoros (Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mohéli)
Ethiopia (9 regions and 2 chartered cities)
Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei and Yap)
Germany (16 states)
India (28 states and 7 union territories)
Malaysia (13 states and 3 federal territories)
 
Mexico (31 states and 1 federal district)
Nigeria (36 states)
Pakistan (4 provinces and 2 territories)
Palau (16 states) 
Papua New Guinea (20 provinces) 
Russia (49 oblasts, 21 republics, 10 autonomous okrugs, 6 krays, 2 federal cities, 1 autonomous oblast)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
South Africa (9 provinces) 
Switzerland (26 cantons)
United Arab Emirates (7 emirates)
United States (50 states, one District, two Commonwealths, and 12 Territories)
Venezuela (23 states and 1 capital district)

Devolved 
States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to self-governing subsidiary governments, creating a de facto federation.
Spain (17 autonomous communities and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla)
United Kingdom (Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales; England remains under full control of the central government)

Regionalized unitary 
States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional governments.
Chile (13 regions, each one divided into smaller provinces, which are sub-divided into several municipalities).
Italy (20 regions, five granted 'autonomous' status)
New Zealand (12 regions, 4 unitary authorities)
People's Republic of China (22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, and 2 Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau)
Philippines (79 provinces grouped into 17 regions, one granted 'autonomous' status)

Federacy 
A federacy is a country in which some substates function like states in a federation and others like states in a unitary state.
Denmark with 2 autonomous regions and 5 regions;
Finland with 1 autonomous province and 19 regions;
The Netherlands with 2 states and 12 provinces.
France with 1 sui generis collectivity and 26 régions, 4 collectivités d'outre-mer, 1 territoire d'outre-mer
Serbia, significant autonomy granted to Vojvodina; Kosovo-Metohija under UN protectorate, future status being negotiated.
Ukraine, 24 oblasts, 2 special-status cities, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Tanzania, 21 mainland regions, 5 regions under autonomous government of Zanzibar

Unitary 
see Unitary state

Notes

See also 
List of forms of government
List of countries by date of transition to republican system of government

External links 
Global Scan- Election Tracker
Countries categorized by system of government in 20th century at Historical Atlas of 20th Century
 A Chronology of political history based on Government form

Governmental systems, countries listed by