#if 0
cat <<EOF >mistaken-paste
#endif
// thx Ebi-chan!

// #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")
// #pragma GCC optimize("O3")

#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wincompatible-pointer-types"
#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>

#define BIG 2000000007LL
#define VERYBIG 20000000000000007LL
#define ULTRABIG 3000000000000000000LL

#define MOD 1000000007LL
#define FOD  998244353LL
typedef uint64_t ull;
typedef  int64_t sll;

#define N_MAX 1048576

#ifdef __cplusplus
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <tuple>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <array>

using std::queue;
using std::priority_queue;
using std::stack;
using std::tuple;
using std::set;
using std::map;
using std::vector;
using std::greater;
using std::pair;
using std::string;
using std::get;
using std::function;

template <typename T, typename U>
pair<T, U> operator+(pair<T, U> l, pair<T, U> r) {
	return pair<T, U>(l.first + r.first, l.second + r.second);
}

#endif

#ifndef M_PI
#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846264338327950
#endif

typedef struct {
	sll a;
	sll b;
} hwll;

typedef struct {
	sll a;
	sll b;
	sll c;
} hwllc;

typedef struct {
	hwll a;
	hwll b;
} linell;

typedef struct {
	double a;
	double b;
} hwreal;

sll n, m;
sll h, w;
sll k;
sll q;
sll va, vb, vc, vd, ve, vf;
ull ua, ub, uc, ud, ue, uf;
long double vra, vrb, vrc;
double vda, vdb, vdc;
char ch, dh;

ull umin (ull x, ull y) {
	return (x < y) ? x : y;
}

ull umax (ull x, ull y) {
	return (x > y) ? x : y;
}

sll smin (sll x, sll y) {
	return (x < y) ? x : y;
}

sll smax (sll x, sll y) {
	return (x > y) ? x : y;
}

double dmin (double x, double y) {
	return (x < y) ? x : y;
}

double dmax (double x, double y) {
	return (x > y) ? x : y;
}

ull gcd (ull x, ull y) {
	if (y == 0) {
		return x;
	} else {
		return gcd(y, x % y);
	}
}

ull bitpow (ull a, ull x, ull modulo) {
	ull result = 1;
	while (x) {
		if (x & 1) {
			result *= a;
			result %= modulo;
		}
		x /= 2;
		a = (a * a) % modulo;
	}
	return result;
}

ull divide (ull a, ull b, ull modulo) {
	return (a * bitpow(b, modulo - 2, modulo)) % modulo;
}

ull udiff (ull a, ull b) {
	if (a >= b) {
		return a - b;
	} else {
		return b - a;
	}
}

sll sdiff (sll a, sll b) {
	if (a >= b) {
		return a - b;
	} else {
		return b - a;
	}
}

int bitcount (ull n) {
	int result = 0;
	while (n) {
		if (n & 1) result++;
		n /= 2;
	}
	return result;
}

#define BEGCMP(NAME) int32_t NAME (const void *left, const void *right)
#define DEFLR(TYPE) TYPE l=*(TYPE*)left,r=*(TYPE*)right
#define CMPRET(L, R) if((L)<(R))return-1;if((L)>(R))return+1

// int32_t pullcomp (const void *left, const void *right) {
// 	ull l = *(ull*)left;
// 	ull r = *(ull*)right;
// 	if (l < r) {
// 		return -1;
// 	}
// 	if (l > r) {
// 		return +1;
// 	}
// 	return 0;
// }
BEGCMP(pullcomp){
	DEFLR(ull);
	CMPRET(l, r);
	return 0;
}
BEGCMP(prevcomp){
	DEFLR(sll);
	CMPRET(r, l);
	return 0;
}
BEGCMP(psllcomp){
	DEFLR(sll);
	CMPRET(l, r);
	return 0;
}
BEGCMP(pcharcomp){
	DEFLR(char);
	CMPRET(l, r);
	return 0;
}
BEGCMP(pdoublecomp){
	DEFLR(double);
	CMPRET(l, r);
	return 0;
}

int32_t pstrcomp (const void *left, const void *right) {
	char* l = *(char**)left;
	char* r = *(char**)right;

	return strcmp(l, r);
}

BEGCMP(phwllABcomp){
	DEFLR(hwll);
	CMPRET(l.a, r.a);
	CMPRET(l.b, r.b);
	return 0;
}
BEGCMP(phwllREVcomp){
	DEFLR(hwll);
	CMPRET(l.b, r.b);
	CMPRET(l.a, r.a);
	return 0;
}
BEGCMP(ptriplecomp){
	DEFLR(hwllc);
	CMPRET(l.a, r.a);
	CMPRET(l.b, r.b);
	CMPRET(l.c, r.c);
	return 0;
}
BEGCMP(ptripleREVcomp){
	DEFLR(hwllc);
	CMPRET(l.b, r.b);
	CMPRET(l.a, r.a);
	CMPRET(l.c, r.c);
	return 0;
}
BEGCMP(ptripleCABcomp){
	DEFLR(hwllc);
	CMPRET(l.c, r.c);
	CMPRET(l.a, r.a);
	CMPRET(l.b, r.b);
	return 0;
}
BEGCMP(phwrealcomp){
	DEFLR(hwreal);
	CMPRET(l.a, r.a);
	CMPRET(l.b, r.b);
	return 0;
}

int32_t pquadcomp (const void *left, const void *right) {
	linell l = *(linell*)left;
	linell r = *(linell*)right;

	sll ac = phwllABcomp(&(l.a), &(r.a));
	if (ac) return ac;
	sll bc = phwllABcomp(&(l.b), &(r.b));
	if (bc) return bc;

	return 0;
}
int32_t pfracomp (const void *left, const void *right) {
	hwllc l = *(hwllc*)left;
	hwllc r = *(hwllc*)right;

	CMPRET(l.a * r.b, l.b * r.a);
	return 0;
}
bool isinrange (sll left, sll x, sll right) {
	return (left <= x && x <= right);
}

bool isinrange_soft (sll left, sll x, sll right) {
	return (left <= x && x <= right) || (left >= x && x >= right);
}

void sw (sll *l, sll *r) {
	if (*l == *r) return;
	sll t = *l;
	*l = *r;
	*r = t;
}

ull frac[N_MAX * 3], invf[N_MAX * 3];
ull ncr (sll n, sll r, ull m) {
	if (n < 0 || r < 0 || n < r) return 0;
	return frac[n] * (invf[r] * invf[n - r] % m) % m;
}

sll a[N_MAX + 5];
// ull a[N_MAX + 5];
// sll a[3001][3001];
sll b[N_MAX + 5];
// ull b[N_MAX + 5];
// sll b[3001][3001];
sll c[N_MAX + 5];
sll d[N_MAX + 5];
sll e[N_MAX * 4];
char s[N_MAX + 1];
// char s[3010][3010];
char t[N_MAX + 1];
// char t[3010][3010];
char u[N_MAX + 1];
hwll xy[N_MAX + 5];
hwllc tup[N_MAX + 5];
sll table[3005][3005];
ull gin[N_MAX];
// here we go

ull parent[N_MAX], size[N_MAX], ed[N_MAX];
void init (ull n) {
	for (sll i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		parent[i] = i;
		size[i] = 1;
		ed[i] = 0;
	}
}
ull find (ull x) {
	if (parent[x] == x) return x;
	return parent[x] = find(parent[x]);
}
bool unite (ull a, ull b) {
	a = find(a);
	b = find(b);

	ed[a]++;

	if (a == b) return false;

	if (size[a] < size[b]) {
		ull t = a;
		a = b;
		b = t;
	}
	parent[b] = a;
	size[a] += size[b];
	ed[a] += ed[b];
	return true;
}

bool isw[N_MAX];
ull cnt[3];
ull id[N_MAX];

bool dfs (ull v) {
	for (sll i = gin[v]; i < gin[v + 1]; i++) {
		ull u = tup[i].b;
		ull cost = (id[v] + tup[i].c) % 3;
		if (isw[u]) {
			if (id[u] != cost) return false;
		} else {
			isw[u] = true;
			cnt[cost]++;
			id[u] = cost;
			if (!dfs(u)) return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

typedef pair<ull, ull> P;
typedef pair<P, ull> T;

priority_queue<T, vector<T>, function<bool(T, T)> > que([](T l, T r){
	if (l.first.first * r.first.second < l.first.second * r.first.first) return true;
	if (l.first.first * r.first.second > l.first.second * r.first.first) return false;
	if (l.second < r.second) return true;
	if (l.second > r.second) return false;
	return false;
});

P ps[N_MAX];

ull solve () {
	sll i, j, ki, li;
	// ull result = 0;
	sll result = 0;
	double dresult = 0;
	// ull maybe = 0;
	sll maybe = 0;
	// ull sum = 0;
	sll sum = 0;
	sll item;
	sll *dpcell;

	init(n);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		ps[i] = P(1 - c[i], 1);
		que.push(T(ps[i], i));

	}
	while (!que.empty()) {
		T t = que.top();
		que.pop();

		ull v = t.second;
		if (find(v) != v) continue;

		if (v) {
			ull p = find(a[v]);

			result += (ps[p].second - ps[p].first) * ps[v].first; // [1s] * [0s]
			ps[p].first += ps[v].first;
			ps[p].second += ps[v].second;

			parent[v] = p;
			size[p] += size[v];

			que.push(T(ps[p], p));
		}
	}

	printf("%lld\n", result);
	// printf("%.15f\n", dresult);
	// puts(s);

	return 0;

	success:
	puts("YES");
	// puts("Yes");
	// printf("%llu\n", result);
	// puts("0");
	// puts("First");
	return 0;

	fail:
	puts("NO");
	// puts("No");
	// puts("0");
	// puts("-1");
	// puts("-1 -1 -1");
	// puts("Second");
	return 1;
}

int32_t main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
	int32_t i, j;

	n = 3;
	m = 0;

	// scanf("%llu", &m);
	// scanf("%llu%llu", &h, &w);
	scanf("%llu", &n, &m);
	// scanf("%llu", &k, &n, &m);
	// scanf("%llu%llu", &h, &w);
	// scanf("%llu", &q);
	// scanf("%lld%lld", &va, &vb, &vc, &vd);
	// va--;
	// vb--;
	// scanf("%llu%llu%llu%llu", &ua, &ub, &uc, &ud, &ue);
	// scanf("%s", s);
	// scanf("%s", t);
	// scanf("%s", u);
	// scanf("%llu", &k);
	// scanf("%lld", &m);
	// for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	// 	// scanf("%lld", &a[i]);
	// 	scanf("%lld", &d[i]);
	// }
	// scanf("%llu", &q);
	for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
		// scanf("%lld%lld", &xy[i].a, &xy[i].b);
		// scanf("%lld%lld%lld", &tup[i].a, &tup[i].b, &tup[i].c);
		// scanf("%lld", &c[i]);

		scanf("%lld", &a[i]);
		// scanf("%lld", &b[i]);
		// scanf("%lld", &c[i]);
		// scanf("%lld", &d[i]);
		a[i]--;
		// b[i]--;
		// c[i]--;
		// d[i]--;
		// xy[i].a--;
		// xy[i].b--;
		// tup[i].a--;
		// tup[i].b--;
	}
	// scanf("%lld%lld", &va, &vb);
	// scanf("%llu", &m);
	// scanf("%llu", &q);
	// scanf("%s", s);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		// scanf("%lld%lld", &xy[i].a, &xy[i].b);
		// xy[i].a--;
		// xy[i].b--;
		// scanf("%lld", &a[i], &b[i]);
		// scanf("%lld", &b[i]);
		// a[i]--;
		// b[i]--;
		scanf("%lld", &c[i]);
		// scanf("%lld", &d[i]);
		// scanf("%lld", &e[i]);
		// c[i]--;
		// d[i]--;
	}

	// for (i = 0; i < q; i++) {
	// 	// scanf("%lld%lld", &xy[i].a, &xy[i].b);
	// 	scanf("%lld", &c[i]);
	// 	// xy[i].a--;
	// 	// xy[i].b--;
	// }

	// for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
	// 	for (j = 0; j < w; j++) {
	// 		scanf("%lld", &table[i][j]);
	// 		// table[i][j]--;
	// 	}
	// }
	// for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	// 	scanf("%s", s[i]);
	// }
	// scanf("%llu", &q);

	solve();

	return 0;
}


Measured memory_bytes: 35056