#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define TemplateVersion "3.4.0"
// Useful Marcos
//====================START=====================
// Compile use C++11 and above
#ifdef LOCAL
#define debug(args...)                           \
    {                                            \
        string _s = #args;                       \
        replace(_s.begin(), _s.end(), ',', ' '); \
        stringstream _ss(_s);                    \
        istream_iterator<string> _it(_ss);       \
        err(_it, args);                          \
    }
void err(istream_iterator<string> it)
{
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
void err(istream_iterator<string> it, T a, Args... args)
{
    cerr << *it << " = " << a << endl;
    err(++it, args...);
}
#define MSG cout << "Finished" << endl
#else
#define debug(args...)
#define MSG
#endif
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
template <typename... Args>
void readln(Args &... args)
{
    ((cin >> args), ...);
}
template <typename... Args>
void writeln(Args... args)
{
    ((cout << args << " "), ...);
    cout << endl;
}
#elif __cplusplus >= 201103L
void readln()
{
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
void readln(T &a, Args &... args)
{
    cin >> a;
    readln(args...);
}
void writeln()
{
    cout << endl;
}
template <typename T, typename... Args>
void writeln(T a, Args... args)
{
    cout << a << " ";
    writeln(args...);
}
#endif
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
#define FOR(_i, _begin, _end) for (auto _i = _begin; _i < _end; _i++)
#define FORR(_i, _begin, _end) for (auto _i = _begin; _i > _end; _i--)
#else
#define FOR(_i, _begin, _end) for (int _i = (int)_begin; _i < (int)_end; _i++)
#define FORR(_i, _begin, _end) for (int _i = (int)_begin; _i > (int)_end; _i--)
#define nullptr NULL
#endif
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
#define VIS(_kind, _name, _size) \
    vector<_kind> _name(_size);  \
    for (auto &i : _name)        \
        cin >> i;
#else
#define VIS(_kind, _name, _size)    \
    vector<_kind> _name;            \
    _name.resize(_size);            \
    for (int i = 0; i < _size; i++) \
        cin >> _name[i];
#endif
// alias
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define tcase() \
    int T;      \
    cin >> T;   \
    FOR(kase, 1, T + 1)
// Swap max/min
template <typename T>
bool smax(T &a, const T &b)
{
    if (a > b)
        return false;
    a = b;
    return true;
}
template <typename T>
bool smin(T &a, const T &b)
{
    if (a < b)
        return false;
    a = b;
    return true;
}
// ceil divide
template <typename T>
T cd(T a, T b)
{
    return (a + b - 1) / b;
}
// min exchange
template <typename T>
bool se(T &a, T &b)
{
    if (a < b)
        return false;
    swap(a, b);
    return true;
}
// A better MAX choice
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;

typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<ll> vll;
typedef set<int> si;
typedef vector<string> cb;
//====================END=====================

// Constants here
const double EPS = 1e-8;
const double PI = acos(-1);
const double FAC = 1e-18;

typedef double db;

int sgn(db x)
{
    if (abs(x) < EPS)
        return 0;
    if (x < 0)
        return -1;
    return 1;
}

inline db Min(db a, db b) { return sgn(a - b) > 0 ? b : a; }
inline db Max(db a, db b) { return sgn(a - b) > 0 ? a : b; }

// Point/Vector
struct Point
{
    db x, y;

    Point() : x(0.0), y(0.0) {}

    Point(db _x, db _y) : x(_x), y(_y) {}

    bool operator==(const Point &p)
    {
        return sgn(x - p.x) == 0 && sgn(y - p.y) == 0;
    }

    bool operator<(const Point &p)
    {
        int c = sgn(x - p.x);
        if (c)
            return c == -1;
        return sgn(y - p.y) == -1;
    }

    Point operator+(const Point &p) { return Point(x + p.x, y + p.y); }
    Point operator-(const Point &p) { return Point(x - p.x, y - p.y); }
    Point operator*(db d) { return Point(x * d, y * d); }
    Point operator/(db d) { return Point(x / d, y / d); }

    db operator^(const Point &p) { return x * p.y - y * p.x; }
    db operator*(const Point &p) { return x * p.x + y * p.y; }

    db dis(const Point &p) { return (*this - p).len(); }
    db alpha() { return atan2(y, x); }

    Point unit() { return *this / len(); }
    Point scale(db r) { return unit() * r; }

    Point rotCC() { return Point(-y, x); }
    Point rotCL() { return Point(y, -x); }

    Point rot(Point p, db angle)
    {
        Point v = *this - p;
        db c = cos(angle), s = sin(angle);
        return Point(p.x + v.x * c - v.y * s, p.y + v.x * s + v.y * c);
    }

    db len() { return hypot(x, y); }
    db len2() { return x * x + y * y; }

    db rad(Point a, Point b)
    {
        Point ap = a - *this, bp = b - *this;
        return abs(atan2(abs(ap ^ bp), ap * bp));
    }

    // Point P,A,B
    // -2 -> B is at back of PA
    // -1 -> PB is on the clock-wise side of PA
    // 0 -> B is on PA
    // 1 -> PB is on the counter clock-wise side of PA
    // 2 -> B is at the front of PA
    int relation(Point a, Point b)
    {
        Point p = *this;
        if (sgn((a - p) ^ (b - p)) > 0)
            return 1;
        if (sgn((a - p) ^ (b - p)) < 0)
            return -1;
        if (sgn((a - p) * (b - p)) < 0)
            return -2;
        if (sgn((p - a) * (b - a)) < 0)
            return 2;
        return 0;
    }

    void read() { cin >> x >> y; }
    void write(char trail = ' ') { cout << x << ' ' << y << trail; }
    void Debug() { cerr << "Point: (" << x << ", " << y << ")\n"; }
};

db cross(Point a, Point b, Point c) { return (b - a) ^ (c - a); }

// Line
struct Line
{
    Point s, e;

    Line(){};

    Line(Point _s, Point _e) : s(_s), e(_e) {}

    Line(Point p, db angle)
    {
        s = p;
        if (sgn(angle - PI / 2))
            e = (s + Point(1, tan(angle)));
        else
            e = (s + Point(0, 1));
    }

    //ax+by+c=0
    Line(db a, db b, db c)
    {
        if (sgn(a) == 0)
        {
            s = Point(0, -c / b);
            e = Point(1, -c / b);
        }
        else if (sgn(b) == 0)
        {
            s = Point(-c / a, 0);
            e = Point(-c / a, 1);
        }
        else
        {
            s = Point(0, -c / b);
            e = Point(1, -(c + a) / b);
        }
    }

    db len() { return s.dis(e); }
    db angle()
    {
        db ans = atan2(e.y - s.y, e.x - s.x);
        if (sgn(ans) == -1)
            ans += PI;
        if (sgn(ans - PI) == 0)
            ans -= PI;
        return ans;
    }

    int relation(Point p) { return s.relation(e, p); }

    bool parallel(Line l) { return sgn((e - s) ^ (l.e - l.s)) == 0; }

    // 0 -> Not Intersect
    // 1 -> Informal
    // 2 -> Formal Intersection
    int crossSS(Line l)
    {
        int d1 = sgn((e - s) ^ (l.s - s));
        int d2 = sgn((e - s) ^ (l.e - s));
        int d3 = sgn((l.e - l.s) ^ (s - l.s));
        int d4 = sgn((l.e - l.s) ^ (e - l.s));
        if ((d1 ^ d2) == -2 && (d3 ^ d4) == -2)
            return 2;
        return (d1 == 0 && sgn((l.s - s) * (l.s - e)) <= 0) ||
               (d2 == 0 && sgn((l.e - s) * (l.e - e)) <= 0) ||
               (d3 == 0 && sgn((s - l.s) * (s - l.e)) <= 0) ||
               (d4 == 0 && sgn((e - l.s) * (e - l.e)) <= 0);
    }

    // 0 -> Not Intersect
    // 1 -> Informal
    // 2 -> Formal Intersection
    int crossLS(Line l)
    {
        int d1 = sgn((e - s) ^ (l.s - s));
        int d2 = sgn((e - s) ^ (l.e - s));
        if ((d1 ^ d2) == -2)
            return 2;
        return (d1 == 0 || d2 == 0);
    }

    // 0 -> Parallel
    // 1 -> Same
    // 2 -> Intersect
    int crossLL(Line l)
    {
        if (this->parallel(l))
            return l.relation(s) == 3;
        return 2;
    }

    Point intersec(Line l)
    {
        db a1 = (l.e - l.s) ^ (s - l.s);
        db a2 = (l.e - l.s) ^ (e - l.s);
        return Point((s.x * a2 - e.x * a1) / (a2 - a1), (s.y * a2 - e.y * a1) / (a2 - a1));
    }

    db disPL(Point p) { return abs((p - s) ^ (e - s)) / len(); }
    db disPS(Point p)
    {
        if (sgn((p - s) * (e - s)) < 0 || sgn((p - e) * (s - e)) < 0)
            return min(p.dis(s), p.dis(e));
        return disPL(p);
    }
    db disSS(Line l) { return min(min(disPS(l.s), disPS(l.e)), min(l.disPS(s), l.disPS(e))); }

    Point proj(Point p) { return s + ((e - s) * ((e - s) * (p - s))) / ((e - s).len2()); }
    Point refl(Point p)
    {
        Point q = proj(p);
        return Point(2 * q.x - p.x, 2 * q.y - p.y);
    }

    bool operator==(Line l) { return s == l.s && e == l.e; }

    void adjust()
    {
        if (e < s)
            swap(s, e);
    }

    void read()
    {
        s.read();
        e.read();
    }

    void Debug() { cerr << "Line: Start: (" << s.x << ", " << s.y << ") End: (" << e.x << ", " << e.y << ")\n"; }
};

// Circle
struct Circle
{
    Point p;
    db r;

    Circle(){};

    Circle(Point _p, db _r) : p(_p), r(_r) {}

    Circle(db x, db y, db _r) : p({x, y}), r(_r) {}

    Circle(Point a, Point b, Point c, bool in = false)
    {
        if (!in)
        {
            Line u = Line((a + b) / 2, (a + b) / 2 + (b - a).rotCC());
            Line v = Line((b + c) / 2, (b + c) / 2 + (c - b).rotCC());
            p = u.intersec(v);
            r = p.dis(a);
        }
        else
        {
            Line u, v;
            db m = atan2(b.y - a.y, b.x - a.x), n = atan2(c.y - a.y, c.x - a.x);
            u.s = a;
            u.e = a + Point(cos((n + m) / 2), sin((n + m) / 2));
            v.s = b;
            m = atan2(a.y - b.y, a.x - b.x), n = atan2(c.y - b.y, c.x - b.x);
            v.e = b + Point(cos((n + m) / 2), sin((n + m) / 2));
            p = u.intersec(v);
            r = Line(a, b).disPS(p);
        }
    }

    bool operator==(const Circle &c) { return p == c.p && sgn(r - c.r) == 0; }

    bool operator<(const Circle &c) { return (p < c.p) || (p == c.p && sgn(r - c.r) < 0); }

    db area() { return PI * r * r; }

    db cir() { return 2 * PI * r; }

    Point on(db ang) { return Point(p.x + r * cos(ang), p.y + r * sin(ang)); }

    // 0 -> Outside
    // 1 -> On
    // 2 -> Inside
    int relationP(Point v)
    {
        db dis = v.dis(p);
        if (sgn(dis - r) < 0)
            return 2;
        else if (sgn(dis - r) == 0)
            return 1;
        return 0;
    }

    // The number of intersections
    int relationS(Line l)
    {
        db dis = l.disPS(p);
        if (sgn(dis - r) < 0)
            return 2;
        else if (sgn(dis - r) == 0)
            return 1;
        return 0;
    }

    // The number of intersections
    int relationL(Line l)
    {
        db dis = l.disPL(p);
        if (sgn(dis - r) < 0)
            return 2;
        else if (sgn(dis - r) == 0)
            return 1;
        return 0;
    }

    // 1 -> Inside
    // 2 -> Internally-tangent
    // 3 -> Intersect
    // 4 -> Externally-tangent
    // 5 -> Disjoint
    int relationC(Circle c)
    {
        db d = p.dis(c.p);
        if (sgn(d - r - c.r) > 0)
            return 5;
        if (sgn(d - r - c.r) == 0)
            return 4;
        db l = abs(r - c.r);
        if (sgn(d - r - c.r) < 0 && sgn(d - l) > 0)
            return 3;
        if (sgn(d - l) == 0)
            return 2;
        // TODO: Check if this one is necessary
        // if (sgn(d - l) < 0)
        return 1;
    }

    // The return value is the number of intersections
    int crossC(Circle c, Point &p1, Point &p2)
    {
        int re = relationC(c);
        if (re == 1 || re == 5)
            return 0;
        db d = p.dis(c.p), l = (d * d + r * r - c.r * c.r) / (2.0 * d), h = sqrt(r * r - l * l);
        Point tmp = p + (c.p - p).scale(l);
        p1 = tmp + (c.p - p).rotCC().scale(h);
        p2 = tmp + (c.p - p).rotCL().scale(h);
        if (re == 2 || re == 4)
            return 1;
        return 2;
    }

    // Same as above
    int crossL(Line l, Point &p1, Point &p2)
    {
        if (!this->relationL(l))
            return 0;
        Point a = l.proj(p);
        db d = l.disPL(p);
        d = sqrt(r * r - d * d);
        if (sgn(d) == 0)
        {
            p1 = a;
            p2 = a;
            return 1;
        }
        p1 = a + (l.e - l.s).scale(d);
        p2 = a - (l.e - l.s).scale(d);
        return 2;
    }

    int tangent(Point q, Point &u, Point &v)
    {
        int x = relationP(q);
        if (x == 2)
            return 0;
        if (x == 1)
        {
            u = q + (q - p).rotCC();
            v = u;
            return 1;
        }
        db d = p.dis(q);
        db l = r * r / d;
        db h = sqrt(r * r - l * l);
        u = p + ((q - p).scale(l) + (q - p).rotCC().scale(h));
        v = p + ((q - p).scale(l) + (q - p).rotCL().scale(h));
        return 2;
    }

    int tangent(Circle c, vector<Point> &u, vector<Point> &v)
    {
        if (sgn(r - c.r) < 0)
            return c.tangent(*this, v, u);

        int ret = relationC(c) - 1;
        if (!ret || *this == c)
            return 0;
        u.clear();
        v.clear();

        db b = (c.p - p).alpha();

        if (ret == 1 || ret == 3)
        {
            u.push_back(on(b));
            v.push_back(on(b));
        }

        db ang = acos((r - c.r) / p.dis(c.p));

        if (ret != 1)
        {
            u.push_back(on(b + ang));
            u.push_back(on(b - ang));
            v.push_back(c.on(b + ang));
            v.push_back(c.on(b - ang));
        }

        if (ret == 4)
        {
            ang = acos((r + c.r) / p.dis(c.p));
            u.push_back(on(b + ang));
            u.push_back(on(b - ang));
            v.push_back(c.on(PI + b + ang));
            v.push_back(c.on(PI + b - ang));
        }

        return ret;
    }

    // The area of intersecting space
    // With circle c
    db area(Circle c)
    {
        int re = relationC(c);
        if (re >= 4)
            return 0;
        if (re <= 2)
            return min(area(), c.area());
        db d = p.dis(c.p);
        db hf = (r + c.r + d) / 2.0;
        db ss = 2 * sqrt(hf * (hf - r) * (hf - c.r) * (hf - d));
        db a1 = acos((r * r + d * d - c.r * c.r) / (2.0 * r * d));
        a1 = a1 * r * r;
        db a2 = acos((c.r * c.r + d * d - r * r) / (2.0 * c.r * d));
        a2 = a2 * c.r * c.r;
        return a1 + a2 - ss;
    }

    // The area of intersecting space
    // With triangle PAB
    db area(Point a, Point b)
    {
        if (sgn((p - a) ^ (p - b)) == 0)
            return 0.0;
        Point q[5];
        int len = 0;
        q[len++] = a;
        Line l(a, b);
        Point p1, p2;
        if (crossL(l, q[1], q[2]) == 2)
        {
            if (sgn((a - q[1]) * (b - q[1])) < 0)
                q[len++] = q[1];
            if (sgn((a - q[2]) * (b - q[2])) < 0)
                q[len++] = q[2];
        }
        q[len++] = b;
        if (len == 4 && sgn((q[0] - q[1]) * (q[2] - q[1])) > 0)
            swap(q[1], q[2]);
        db res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
        {
            if (relationP(q[i]) == 0 || relationP(q[i + 1]) == 0)
            {
                db arg = p.rad(q[i], q[i + 1]);
                res += r * r * arg / 2.0;
            }
            else
                res += abs((q[i] - p) ^ (q[i + 1] - p)) / 2.0;
        }
        return res;
    }

    // Two circle whose center are a and b respectivelly
    static int GetCircle(Point a, Point b, db r, Circle &c1, Circle &c2)
    {
        Circle x(a, r), y(b, r);
        int t = x.crossC(y, c1.p, c2.p);
        if (!t)
            return 0;
        c1.r = c2.r = r;
        return t;
    }

    // The circle which tangent is l and point p on it
    static int GetCircle(Line l, Point p, db r, Circle &c1, Circle &c2)
    {
        db dis = l.disPL(p);
        if (sgn(dis - r * 2) > 0)
            return 0;
        if (sgn(dis) == 0)
        {
            c1.p = p + ((l.e - l.s).rotCC().scale(r));
            c2.p = p + ((l.e - l.s).rotCL().scale(r));
            c1.r = c2.r = r;
            return 2;
        }
        Line u1 = Line((l.s + (l.e - l.s).rotCC().scale(r)), (l.e + (l.e - l.s).rotCC().scale(r)));
        Line u2 = Line((l.s + (l.e - l.s).rotCL().scale(r)), (l.e + (l.e - l.s).rotCL().scale(r)));
        Circle cc(p, r);
        Point p1, p2;
        if (!cc.crossL(u1, p1, p2))
            cc.crossL(u2, p1, p2);
        c1 = Circle(p1, r);
        if (p1 == p2)
        {
            c2 = c1;
            return 1;
        }
        c2 = Circle(p2, r);
        return 2;
    }

    // u and v are the common tangent of the four circles
    static int GetCircle(Line u, Line v, db r, Circle &c1, Circle &c2, Circle &c3, Circle &c4)
    {
        if (u.parallel(v))
            return 0;
        Line u1 = Line(u.s + (u.e - u.s).rotCC().scale(r), u.e + (u.e - u.s).rotCC().scale(r));
        Line u2 = Line(u.s + (u.e - u.s).rotCL().scale(r), u.e + (u.e - u.s).rotCL().scale(r));
        Line v1 = Line(v.s + (v.e - v.s).rotCC().scale(r), v.e + (v.e - v.s).rotCC().scale(r));
        Line v2 = Line(v.s + (v.e - v.s).rotCL().scale(r), v.e + (v.e - v.s).rotCL().scale(r));
        c1.r = c2.r = c3.r = c4.r = r;
        c1.p = u1.intersec(v1);
        c2.p = u1.intersec(v2);
        c3.p = u2.intersec(v1);
        c4.p = u2.intersec(v2);
        return 4;
    }

    // Tangent with circle cx and cy
    static int GetCircle(Circle cx, Circle cy, db r, Circle &c1, Circle &c2)
    {
        Circle x(cx.p, r + cx.r), y(cy.p, r + cy.r);
        int t = x.crossC(y, c1.p, c2.p);
        if (!t)
            return 0;
        c1.r = c2.r = r;
        return t;
    }

    void read()
    {
        p.read();
        cin >> r;
    }

    void Debug() { cerr << "Circle: Center: (" << p.x << ", " << p.y << ") Radius: " << r << '\n'; }
};

// Polygon
struct Polygon
{
    // Functor for sorting by polar angle
    struct cmp
    {
        Point p;
        cmp(const Point &b) { p = b; }
        bool operator()(const Point &a, const Point &b)
        {
            Point x = a, y = b;
            int d = sgn((x - p) ^ (y - p));
            if (!d)
                return sgn(x.dis(p) - y.dis(p)) > 0;
            return d > 0;
        }
    };

    vector<Point> ps;
    vector<Line> ls;

    Polygon() {}

    void add(Point p) { ps.push_back(p); }

    int size() { return static_cast<int>(ps.size()); }

    void getLines()
    {
        int s = size();
        for (int i = 0; i < s; i++)
            ls.push_back(Line(ps[i], ps[(i + 1) % s]));
    }

    void norm()
    {
        Point p = ps[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < size(); i++)
        {
            if (p < ps[i])
                continue;
            p = ps[i];
        }
        sort(ps.begin(), ps.end(), cmp(p));
    }

    void getConvexJarvis(Polygon &conv)
    {
        sort(ps.begin(), ps.end());
        conv.ps.resize(2 * size());

        int n = size();
        for (int i = 0; i < min(2, n); i++)
            conv.ps[i] = ps[i];
        if (conv.size() == 2 && (conv.ps[0] == conv.ps[1]))
            conv.ps.resize(1);

        if (n <= 2)
            return;

        int top = 1;

        for (int i = 2; i < n; i++)
        {
            while (top && sgn((conv.ps[top] - ps[i]) ^ (conv.ps[top - 1] - ps[i])) <= 0)
                top--;
            conv.ps[++top] = ps[i];
        }

        int t = top;
        conv.ps[++top] = ps[n - 2];

        for (int i = n - 3; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            while (top != t && sgn((conv.ps[top] - ps[i]) ^ (conv.ps[top - 1] - ps[i])) <= 0)
                top--;
            conv.ps[++top] = ps[i];
        }

        while (conv.size() > top)
            conv.ps.pop_back();

        if (top == 2 && (conv.ps[0] == conv.ps[1]))
            conv.ps.pop_back();

        conv.norm(); // Counter Clock-wise
    }

    void getConvexWithPointOnLine(Polygon &conv)
    {
        int m, n = size();
        if (n < 3)
        {
            for (auto i : ps)
                conv.add(i);
            return;
        }

        vector<Point> &g = conv.ps;

        sort(ps.begin(), ps.end());
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            while ((m = g.size()) >= 2 && g[m - 2].relation(g[m - 1], ps[i]) <= 0)
                g.pop_back();
            g.push_back(ps[i]);
        }

        int t = g.size();

        for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            while ((m = g.size()) > t && g[m - 2].relation(g[m - 1], ps[i]) <= 0)
                g.pop_back();
            g.push_back(ps[i]);
        }

        g.pop_back();
    }

    // Cannot get the point on the edge
    void getConvexGraham(Polygon &conv)
    {
        norm();
        int top = 0, n = size();
        if (n == 1)
        {
            conv.add(ps[0]);
            return;
        }

        if (n == 2)
        {
            conv.add(ps[0]);
            conv.add(ps[1]);
            if (conv.ps[0] == conv.ps[1])
                conv.ps.pop_back();
            return;
        }

        conv.ps.resize(size());
        conv.ps[0] = ps[0];
        conv.ps[1] = ps[1];
        top = 2;
        for (int i = 2; i < n; i++)
        {
            while (top > 1 && sgn((conv.ps[top - 1] - conv.ps[top - 2]) ^ (ps[i] - conv.ps[top - 2])) <= 0)
                top--;
            conv.ps[top++] = ps[i];
        }

        while (conv.size() > top)
            conv.ps.pop_back();

        if (top == 2 && (conv.ps[0] == conv.ps[1]))
            conv.ps.pop_back();
    }

    bool isConvex()
    {
        bitset<3> s;
        int n = size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            int j = (i + 1) % n;
            int k = (j + 1) % n;
            s.set(sgn((ps[j] - ps[i]) ^ (ps[k] - ps[i])) + 1);
            if (s[0] && s[2])
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    db diameter()
    {
        int q = 1, n = size();
        db ans = 0;
        ps.push_back(ps[0]);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            while (sgn(cross(ps[i + 1], ps[q + 1], ps[i]) - cross(ps[i + 1], ps[q], ps[i])) > 0)
                q = (q + 1) % n;
            ans = Max(ans, Max(ps[i].dis(ps[q]), ps[i + 1].dis(ps[q + 1])));
        }
        ps.pop_back();
        return ans;
    }

    // 3 -> On Corner
    // 2 -> On Edge
    // 1 -> Inside
    // 0 -> Outside
    int relationP(Point q)
    {
        int n = size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            if (ps[i] == q)
                return 3;
        getLines();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            if (!ls[i].relation(q))
                return 2;
        int cnt = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            int j = (i + 1) % n;
            int k = sgn((q - ps[j]) ^ (ps[i] - ps[j]));
            int u = sgn(ps[i].y - q.y);
            int v = sgn(ps[j].y - q.y);
            if (k > 0 && u < 0 && v >= 0)
                cnt++;
            if (k < 0 && v < 0 && u >= 0)
                cnt--;
        }
        return cnt != 0;
    }

    void convexCut(Line l, Polygon &po)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++)
        {
            int d1 = sgn((l.e - l.s) ^ (ps[i] - l.s));
            int d2 = sgn((l.e - l.s) ^ (ps[(i + 1) % size()] - l.s));
            if (d1 >= 0)
                po.add(ps[i]);
            if (d1 * d2 < 0)
                po.add(l.intersec(Line(ps[i], ps[(i + 1) % size()])));
        }
    }

    db cir()
    {
        int n = size();
        db sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            sum += ps[i].dis(ps[(i + 1) % n]);
        return sum;
    }

    db area()
    {
        int n = size();
        db sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            sum += (ps[i] ^ ps[(i + 1) % n]);
        return abs(sum) / 2;
    }

    // 0 -> Clock-wise
    // 1 -> Counter Clock-wise
    bool dir()
    {
        int n = size();
        db sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            sum += (ps[i] ^ ps[(i + 1) % n]);
        return sgn(sum) > 0;
    }

    Point baryCenter()
    {
        Point ret;
        db area = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i < size() - 1; i++)
        {
            db tmp = (ps[i] - ps[0]) ^ (ps[i + 1] - ps[0]);
            if (sgn(tmp) == 0)
                continue;
            area += tmp;
            ret.x += (ps[0].x + ps[i].x + ps[i + 1].x) / 3 * tmp;
            ret.y += (ps[0].y + ps[i].y + ps[i + 1].y) / 3 * tmp;
        }
        if (sgn(area))
            ret = ret / area;
        return ret;
    }

    db area(Circle c)
    {
        double ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++)
        {
            int j = (i + 1) % size();
            if (sgn((ps[j] - c.p) ^ (ps[i] - c.p)) >= 0)
                ans += c.area(ps[i], ps[j]);
            else
                ans -= c.area(ps[i], ps[j]);
        }
        return abs(ans);
    }

    // 2 -> The circle is entirely in the polygon
    // 1 -> The circle in in the circle and intersected with the boundary
    // 0 -> Otherwise
    int relationC(Circle c)
    {
        getLines();
        int x = 2;
        if (relationP(c.p) != 1)
            return 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++)
        {
            if (c.relationS(ls[i]) == 2)
                return 0;
            if (c.relationS(ls[i]) == 1)
                x = 1;
        }
        return x;
    }

    void read(int s)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < s; i++)
        {
            Point p;
            p.read();
            ps.push_back(p);
        }
    }

    void Debug()
    {
        cerr << "Polygon:\nPoints:\n";
        for (auto i : ps)
            i.Debug();
        cerr << "Lines:\n";
        for (auto i : ls)
            i.Debug();
    }
};

// Pre-Build Function
inline void build()
{
}

// Actual Solver
inline void solve()
{
    cout << fixed << setprecision(10);
    int n, r;
    Polygon g;
    Circle c;
    cin >> n >> c.r;
    g.read(n);
    cout << g.area(c) << '\n';
}

int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    cout.tie(nullptr);

#ifdef LOCAL
    clock_t _begin = clock();
#endif

    build();
    solve();

#ifdef LOCAL
    cerr << "Time elapsed: " << (double)(clock() - _begin) * 1000 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "ms." << endl;
#endif

    return 0;
}


Measured memory_bytes: 3524