Your task is to form an integer array nums from an initial array of zeros arr that is the same size as nums.
Return the minimum number of function calls to make nums from arr.
The answer is guaranteed to fit in a 32-bit signed integer.
 
Example 1:
Input: nums = [1,5]
Output: 5
Explanation: Increment by 1 (second element): [0, 0] to get [0, 1] (1 operation).
Double all the elements: [0, 1] -> [0, 2] -> [0, 4] (2 operations).
Increment by 1 (both elements)  [0, 4] -> [1, 4] -> [1, 5] (2 operations).
Total of operations: 1 + 2 + 2 = 5.

Example 2:
Input: nums = [2,2]
Output: 3
Explanation: Increment by 1 (both elements) [0, 0] -> [0, 1] -> [1, 1] (2 operations).
Double all the elements: [1, 1] -> [2, 2] (1 operation).
Total of operations: 2 + 1 = 3.

Example 3:
Input: nums = [4,2,5]
Output: 6
Explanation: (initial)[0,0,0] -> [1,0,0] -> [1,0,1] -> [2,0,2] -> [2,1,2] -> [4,2,4] -> [4,2,5](nums).

Example 4:
Input: nums = [3,2,2,4]
Output: 7

Example 5:
Input: nums = [2,4,8,16]
Output: 8

 
Constraints:

1 <= nums.length <= 10^5
0 <= nums[i] <= 10^9

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

def _disabled_input(*args, **kwargs):
    raise RuntimeError("input() is disabled in callable mode")
builtins.input = _disabled_input

ns = {"__name__": "__judge__"}  # prevent if __name__ == "__main__" blocks
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = "from collections import Counter, defaultdict, OrderedDict, deque\nfrom bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right\nfrom functools import reduce, lru_cache\nfrom typing import List\nimport itertools\nimport math\nimport heapq\nimport string\ntrue = True\nfalse = False\nMIN, MAX, MOD = -0x3f3f3f3f, 0x3f3f3f3f, 1000000007\n\n\n#\n# @lc app=leetcode id=1558 lang=python3\n#\n# [1558] Minimum Numbers of Function Calls to Make Target Array\n#\n# https://leetcode.com/problems/minimum-numbers-of-function-calls-to-make-target-array/description/\n#\n# algorithms\n# Medium (57.56%)\n# Total Accepted:    4.1K\n# Total Submissions: 7.1K\n# Testcase Example:  '[1,5]'\n#\n#\n#\n# Your task is to form\xa0an integer array nums from an initial array of zeros\xa0arr\n# that is the\xa0same size\xa0as nums.\n#\n# Return the minimum number of\xa0function calls to make nums from arr.\n#\n# The answer is guaranteed to fit in a 32-bit signed integer.\n#\n#\n# Example 1:\n#\n#\n# Input: nums = [1,5]\n# Output: 5\n# Explanation: Increment by 1 (second element): [0, 0] to get [0, 1] (1\n# operation).\n# Double all the elements: [0, 1] -> [0, 2] -> [0, 4] (2 operations).\n# Increment by 1 (both elements)  [0, 4] -> [1, 4] -> [1, 5] (2 operations).\n# Total of operations: 1 + 2 + 2 = 5.\n#\n#\n# Example 2:\n#\n#\n# Input: nums = [2,2]\n# Output: 3\n# Explanation: Increment by 1 (both elements) [0, 0] -> [0, 1] -> [1, 1] (2\n# operations).\n# Double all the elements: [1, 1] -> [2, 2] (1 operation).\n# Total of operations: 2 + 1 = 3.\n#\n#\n# Example 3:\n#\n#\n# Input: nums = [4,2,5]\n# Output: 6\n# Explanation: (initial)[0,0,0] -> [1,0,0] -> [1,0,1] -> [2,0,2] -> [2,1,2] ->\n# [4,2,4] -> [4,2,5](nums).\n#\n#\n# Example 4:\n#\n#\n# Input: nums = [3,2,2,4]\n# Output: 7\n#\n#\n# Example 5:\n#\n#\n# Input: nums = [2,4,8,16]\n# Output: 8\n#\n#\n#\n# Constraints:\n#\n#\n# 1 <= nums.length <= 10^5\n# 0 <= nums[i] <= 10^9\n#\n#\n#\nclass Solution:\n    def minOperations(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:\n        cnt = 0\n        cc = Counter(nums)\n        while True:\n            dup = defaultdict(int)\n            do_even = False\n            for n in cc:\n                if n == 0: continue\n                if n % 2:\n                    cnt += cc[n]\n                    if n - 1 > 0:\n                        do_even = True\n                        dup[n // 2] += cc[n]\n                else:\n                    do_even = True\n                    dup[n // 2] += cc[n]\n            if do_even: cnt += 1\n            if not dup: return cnt\n            cc = dup\n\n        return cnt\n\n\nsol = Solution()\n\nnums = [1, 5]\nnums = [2, 2]\nnums = [4, 2, 5]\n# nums = [3, 2, 2, 4]\n# nums = [2, 4, 8, 16]\n"
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

_target = None
_fn_name = 'minOperations'
if _fn_name:
    if "Solution" in ns:
        try:
            _obj = ns["Solution"]()
            if hasattr(_obj, _fn_name):
                _target = getattr(_obj, _fn_name)
        except Exception:
            _target = None
    if _target is None and _fn_name in ns and callable(ns[_fn_name]):
        _target = ns[_fn_name]
# Fallback: if there's exactly one user-defined function, use it
if _target is None:
    _cands = [v for k, v in ns.items() if callable(v) and getattr(v, "__module__", "") in ("__judge__", "__main__")]
    _user_funcs = [c for c in _cands if getattr(c, "__name__", "").startswith("_") is False]
    if len(_user_funcs) == 1:
        _target = _user_funcs[0]
if _target is None:
    raise RuntimeError(f"Could not resolve callable '{_fn_name}'")

_raw = sys.stdin.read().strip()
if _raw:
    _parsed = json.loads(_raw)
    if isinstance(_parsed, dict):
        _kwargs = _parsed.get("kwargs", {})
        _args = _parsed.get("args", [])
    else:
        _args, _kwargs = _parsed, {}
else:
    _args, _kwargs = [], {}
if not isinstance(_args, (list, tuple)):
    _args = [_args]
_res = _target(*_args, **_kwargs)
try:
    sys.stdout.write(repr(_res) + "\n")
except Exception:
    pass

```

Measured memory_bytes: 9756