Given a positive integer N, return the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have at least 1 repeated digit.
 

Example 1:
Input: 20
Output: 1
Explanation: The only positive number (<= 20) with at least 1 repeated digit is 11.


Example 2:
Input: 100
Output: 10
Explanation: The positive numbers (<= 100) with atleast 1 repeated digit are 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, and 100.


Example 3:
Input: 1000
Output: 262


 
Note:

1 <= N <= 10^9

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

def _disabled_input(*args, **kwargs):
    raise RuntimeError("input() is disabled in callable mode")
builtins.input = _disabled_input

ns = {"__name__": "__judge__"}  # prevent if __name__ == "__main__" blocks
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = "class Solution:\n    def numDupDigitsAtMostN(self, N: int) -> int:\n        # https://leetcode.com/problems/numbers-with-repeated-digits/discuss/592922/Python-Well-commented-solution-with-easy-to-follow-recursion   \n        memo = {}\n        def f(digits_of_N, i, digits_used, any_digit):\n            if i == k:\n                return 1\n            \n            key = (i, digits_used, any_digit)\n            if key in memo:\n                return memo[key]\n            cnt = 0\n            min_digit = 1 if i == 0 else 0\n            max_digit = 9 if any_digit else digits_of_N[i]\n            for d in range(min_digit, max_digit + 1):\n                if digits_used & (1 << d) != 0:\n                    continue\n                cnt += f(digits_of_N, i + 1, digits_used | (1 << d), any_digit or (d < digits_of_N[i]))\n            \n            memo[key] = cnt\n            return cnt\n        if N <= 9:\n            return 0\n        k = len(str(N))\n        cnt = 0\n        for i in range(1, k):\n            all_possible_ints = 9 * 10**(i-1)\n            ints_with_unique_digits = 9\n            nb_choices = 9\n            for j in range(1, i):\n                ints_with_unique_digits *= nb_choices\n                nb_choices -= 1\n            cnt += all_possible_ints - ints_with_unique_digits\n            \n        all_ints_with_k_digits = N - int('9'*(k-1))\n        digits_of_N = [int(d) for d in str(N)]\n        ints_with_unique_k_digits = f(digits_of_N, 0, 0, False)\n        cnt += all_ints_with_k_digits - ints_with_unique_k_digits\n        \n        return cnt"
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

_target = None
_fn_name = 'numDupDigitsAtMostN'
if _fn_name:
    if "Solution" in ns:
        try:
            _obj = ns["Solution"]()
            if hasattr(_obj, _fn_name):
                _target = getattr(_obj, _fn_name)
        except Exception:
            _target = None
    if _target is None and _fn_name in ns and callable(ns[_fn_name]):
        _target = ns[_fn_name]
# Fallback: if there's exactly one user-defined function, use it
if _target is None:
    _cands = [v for k, v in ns.items() if callable(v) and getattr(v, "__module__", "") in ("__judge__", "__main__")]
    _user_funcs = [c for c in _cands if getattr(c, "__name__", "").startswith("_") is False]
    if len(_user_funcs) == 1:
        _target = _user_funcs[0]
if _target is None:
    raise RuntimeError(f"Could not resolve callable '{_fn_name}'")

_raw = sys.stdin.read().strip()
if _raw:
    _parsed = json.loads(_raw)
    if isinstance(_parsed, dict):
        _kwargs = _parsed.get("kwargs", {})
        _args = _parsed.get("args", [])
    else:
        _args, _kwargs = _parsed, {}
else:
    _args, _kwargs = [], {}
if not isinstance(_args, (list, tuple)):
    _args = [_args]
_res = _target(*_args, **_kwargs)
try:
    sys.stdout.write(repr(_res) + "\n")
except Exception:
    pass

```

Measured memory_bytes: 7292