/**
 * code generated by JHelper
 * More info: https://github.com/AlexeyDmitriev/JHelper
 * @author aryssoncf
 */



// Taken from: https://github.com/bqi343/USACO/blob/master/Implementations/content/contest/templateShort.cpp

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<ull> vul;
typedef vector<ll> vl;
typedef vector<pii> vpii;

#define FOR(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i < (b); ++i)
#define F0R(i, a) FOR(i,0,a)
#define ROF(i, a, b) for (int i = (b)-1; i >= (a); --i)
#define R0F(i, a) ROF(i,0,a)
#define trav(a, x) for (auto& a: x)

#define sz(x) (int)x.size()
#define all(x) begin(x), end(x)
#define rsz resize

#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define f first
#define s second

const int MOD = 1e9 + 7; // 998244353; // = (119<<23)+1
const int MX = 2e5 + 5;

template<class T>
bool ckmin(T &a, const T &b) {
    return a > b ? a = b, 1 : 0;
}

template<class T>
bool ckmax(T &a, const T &b) {
    return a < b ? a = b, 1 : 0;
}

mt19937 rng((uint32_t) chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());


//
// Created by aryssoncf on 28/10/2019.
//

#include <type_traits>


#include <iterator>
#include <utility>

template<typename T>
constexpr auto hasBegin(int) -> decltype(std::begin(std::declval<T>()), true) {
    return true;
}

constexpr bool hasBegin(...) {
    return false;
}

template<typename T>
using IsContainer = std::integral_constant<bool, hasBegin<T>(0)>;


#ifndef JHELPER_EXAMPLE_PROJECT_IO_HPP
#define JHELPER_EXAMPLE_PROJECT_IO_HPP

#endif //JHELPER_EXAMPLE_PROJECT_IO_HPP

template<typename T>
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::vector<T> &vec) {
    for (T &element: vec) {
        is >> element;
    }
    return is;
}

template<typename T, typename U>
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::pair<T, U> &p) {
    is >> p.first;
    is >> p.second;
    return is;
}

template<class X, class Y>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, std::pair<X, Y> const &p) {
    return os << p.first << " " << p.second;
}

template<class Ch, class Tr, class Container>
std::basic_ostream<Ch, Tr> &operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Ch, Tr> &os, Container const &x) {
    bool first = true;
    for (auto &y : x) {
        if (first) {
            first = false;
        } else {
            os << " ";
        }
        os << y;
    }
    return os;
}

using namespace std;

class B01Unbalanced {

    int f(const string &str, int maxPre) {
        int n = sz(str);
        vi sum(n);
        ROF(i, 0, n - 1) {
            sum[i] = max(sum[i + 1] + (str[i + 1] == '1' ? 1 : -1), 0);
        }
        int pre = 0, minPre = 0;
        FOR(i, 0, n) {
            char c = str[i];
            if (c == '1') {
                pre++;
            } else if (c == '0') {
                pre--;
            } else if (pre + 1 + sum[i] <= maxPre) {
                pre++;
            } else {
                pre--;
            }
            ckmin(minPre, pre);
        }
        return maxPre - minPre;
    }

public:
    void solve(std::istream &in, std::ostream &out) {
        string str;
        in >> str;
        int maxPre = 0, pre = 0, minPre = 0;
        trav(c, str) {
            if (c == '1') {
                pre++;
            } else {
                pre--;
            }
            ckmax(maxPre, pre);
            ckmin(minPre, pre);
        }
        int res = min(f(str, maxPre), f(str, maxPre + 1));
        out << res << '\n';
    }

    void setup() {}
};


int main() {
    std::ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    B01Unbalanced solver;
    solver.setup();
    std::istream &in(std::cin);
    std::ostream &out(std::cout);
    in.tie(nullptr);
    out << std::fixed;
    out.precision(20);
    solver.solve(in, out);
    return 0;
}


Measured memory_bytes: 8216