Given an array of positive integers target and an array initial of same size with all zeros.
Return the minimum number of operations to form a target array from initial if you are allowed to do the following operation:

Choose any subarray from initial and increment each value by one.

The answer is guaranteed to fit within the range of a 32-bit signed integer.
 
Example 1:
Input: target = [1,2,3,2,1]
Output: 3
Explanation: We need at least 3 operations to form the target array from the initial array.
[0,0,0,0,0] increment 1 from index 0 to 4 (inclusive).
[1,1,1,1,1] increment 1 from index 1 to 3 (inclusive).
[1,2,2,2,1] increment 1 at index 2.
[1,2,3,2,1] target array is formed.

Example 2:
Input: target = [3,1,1,2]
Output: 4
Explanation: (initial)[0,0,0,0] -> [1,1,1,1] -> [1,1,1,2] -> [2,1,1,2] -> [3,1,1,2] (target).

Example 3:
Input: target = [3,1,5,4,2]
Output: 7
Explanation: (initial)[0,0,0,0,0] -> [1,1,1,1,1] -> [2,1,1,1,1] -> [3,1,1,1,1] 
                                  -> [3,1,2,2,2] -> [3,1,3,3,2] -> [3,1,4,4,2] -> [3,1,5,4,2] (target).

Example 4:
Input: target = [1,1,1,1]
Output: 1

 
Constraints:

1 <= target.length <= 10^5
1 <= target[i] <= 10^5

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

def _disabled_input(*args, **kwargs):
    raise RuntimeError("input() is disabled in callable mode")
builtins.input = _disabled_input

ns = {"__name__": "__judge__"}  # prevent if __name__ == "__main__" blocks
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = "\nclass Solution:\n    def minNumberOperations(self, target: List[int]) -> int:\n        \n        if not target:\n            return 0\n        \n        totalCost = target[0]\n\n        for index in range(1, len(target)):\n            num = target[index]\n            prev = target[index-1]\n            \n            diff = num - prev\n            totalCost += max(diff, 0)\n\n        return totalCost\n            \n        \n        lst = []\n            \n        lst.append(target)\n        \n        prev_layer = target\n        new_layer = []\n        \n        while len(prev_layer)>1:\n        \n            \n            counter = 0\n            while counter<len(prev_layer):\n\n                fi = prev_layer[counter]\n\n                se = fi            \n                if counter+1 < len(prev_layer):\n                    se = prev_layer[counter+1]\n                new_layer.append(min(fi, se))\n\n                counter += 2\n                        \n            # print('prev_layer', prev_layer)\n            \n            lst.append(new_layer)\n            prev_layer = new_layer\n            new_layer = []\n        \n        lst.append([0])\n        cost = 0\n        \n        print(lst)\n        for index in range(len(lst)-2, -1, -1):\n            l = lst[index]\n            print(('l', l))\n            \n            for in_index in range(len(l)):\n                val = l[in_index]\n                parent_index = int(in_index / 2)\n                cost += (val - lst[index+1][parent_index])\n                \n                print(('val', val))\n                print(('parent_val',lst[index+1][parent_index]))\n                print(('cost', cost))\n                print('--------')\n                \n        return cost\n                \n        \n"
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

_target = None
_fn_name = 'minNumberOperations'
if _fn_name:
    if "Solution" in ns:
        try:
            _obj = ns["Solution"]()
            if hasattr(_obj, _fn_name):
                _target = getattr(_obj, _fn_name)
        except Exception:
            _target = None
    if _target is None and _fn_name in ns and callable(ns[_fn_name]):
        _target = ns[_fn_name]
# Fallback: if there's exactly one user-defined function, use it
if _target is None:
    _cands = [v for k, v in ns.items() if callable(v) and getattr(v, "__module__", "") in ("__judge__", "__main__")]
    _user_funcs = [c for c in _cands if getattr(c, "__name__", "").startswith("_") is False]
    if len(_user_funcs) == 1:
        _target = _user_funcs[0]
if _target is None:
    raise RuntimeError(f"Could not resolve callable '{_fn_name}'")

_raw = sys.stdin.read().strip()
if _raw:
    _parsed = json.loads(_raw)
    if isinstance(_parsed, dict):
        _kwargs = _parsed.get("kwargs", {})
        _args = _parsed.get("args", [])
    else:
        _args, _kwargs = _parsed, {}
else:
    _args, _kwargs = [], {}
if not isinstance(_args, (list, tuple)):
    _args = [_args]
_res = _target(*_args, **_kwargs)
try:
    sys.stdout.write(repr(_res) + "\n")
except Exception:
    pass

```

Measured memory_bytes: 5440