// 00:31

// SNIPPET read
pub trait Readable {
    type Output;
    fn words_count() -> usize;
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String>;
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readable {
    ( $t:ty, $words_count:expr, |$words:ident| $read_words:expr ) => {
        impl Readable for $t {
            type Output = $t;
            fn words_count() -> usize { $words_count }
            fn read_words($words: &[&str]) -> Result<$t, String> {
                Ok($read_words)
            }
        }
    };
}
readable!((), 1, |_ss| ());
readable!(String, 1, |ss| ss[0].to_string());
impl Readable for char {
    type Output = char;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<char, String> {
        let chars: Vec<char> = words[0].chars().collect();
        if chars.len() == 1 {
            Ok(chars[0])
        } else {
            Err(format!("cannot parse `{}` as a char", words[0]))
        }
    }
}
pub struct Chars();
impl Readable for Chars {
    type Output = Vec<char>;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Vec<char>, String> {
        Ok(words[0].chars().collect())
    }
}
impl Readable for i8 {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<i8, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        i8::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as i8", words[0])
        })
    }
}
impl Readable for u8 {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<u8, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        u8::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as u8", words[0])
        })
    }
}
impl Readable for i16 {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<i16, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        i16::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as i16", words[0])
        })
    }
}
impl Readable for u16 {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<u16, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        u16::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as u16", words[0])
        })
    }
}
impl Readable for i32 {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<i32, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        i32::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as i32", words[0])
        })
    }
}
impl Readable for u32 {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<u32, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        u32::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as u32", words[0])
        })
    }
}
impl Readable for i64 {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<i64, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        i64::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as i64", words[0])
        })
    }
}
impl Readable for u64 {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<u64, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        u64::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as u64", words[0])
        })
    }
}
impl Readable for isize {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<isize, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        <isize>::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as isize", words[0])
        })
    }
}
impl Readable for usize {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<usize, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        <usize>::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as usize", words[0])
        })
    }
}
impl Readable for f32 {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<f32, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        f32::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as f32", words[0])
        })
    }
}
impl Readable for f64 {
    type Output = Self;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<f64, String> {
        use std::str::FromStr;
        f64::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
            format!("cannot parse `{}` as f64", words[0])
        })
    }
}
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub struct u8_;
impl Readable for u8_ {
    type Output = u8;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        u8::read_words(words).map(|n| n-1)
    }
}
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub struct u16_;
impl Readable for u16_ {
    type Output = u16;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        u16::read_words(words).map(|n| n-1)
    }
}
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub struct u32_;
impl Readable for u32_ {
    type Output = u32;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        u32::read_words(words).map(|n| n-1)
    }
}
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub struct u64_;
impl Readable for u64_ {
    type Output = u64;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        u64::read_words(words).map(|n| n-1)
    }
}
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub struct usize_;
impl Readable for usize_ {
    type Output = usize;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        <usize>::read_words(words).map(|n| n-1)
    }
}
impl<T1: Readable, T2: Readable> Readable for (T1, T2) {
    type Output = (T1::Output, T2::Output);
    fn words_count() -> usize {
        T1::words_count() + T2::words_count()
    }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        assert_eq!(words.len(), Self::words_count());
        let mut start = 0;
        let count1 = T1::words_count();
        let val1 = T1::read_words(&words[start .. start+count1])?;
        start += count1;
        let val2 = T2::read_words(&words[start..])?;
        Ok((val1, val2))
    }
}
impl<T1: Readable, T2: Readable, T3: Readable> Readable for (T1, T2, T3) {
    type Output = (T1::Output, T2::Output, T3::Output);
    fn words_count() -> usize {
        T1::words_count() + T2::words_count() + T3::words_count()
    }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        assert_eq!(words.len(), Self::words_count());
        let mut start = 0;
        let count1 = T1::words_count();
        let val1 = T1::read_words(&words[start .. start+count1])?;
        start += count1;
        let count2 = T2::words_count();
        let val2 = T2::read_words(&words[start .. start+count2])?;
        start += count2;
        let val3 = T3::read_words(&words[start..])?;
        Ok((val1, val2, val3))
    }
}
impl<T1: Readable, T2: Readable, T3: Readable, T4: Readable> Readable for (T1, T2, T3, T4) {
    type Output = (T1::Output, T2::Output, T3::Output, T4::Output);
    fn words_count() -> usize {
        T1::words_count() + T2::words_count() + T3::words_count() + T4::words_count()
    }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        assert_eq!(words.len(), Self::words_count());
        let mut start = 0;
        let count1 = T1::words_count();
        let val1 = T1::read_words(&words[start .. start+count1])?;
        start += count1;
        let count2 = T2::words_count();
        let val2 = T2::read_words(&words[start .. start+count2])?;
        start += count2;
        let count3 = T3::words_count();
        let val3 = T3::read_words(&words[start .. start+count3])?;
        start += count3;
        let val4 = T4::read_words(&words[start..])?;
        Ok((val1, val2, val3, val4))
    }
}
impl<T1: Readable, T2: Readable, T3: Readable, T4: Readable, T5: Readable> Readable for (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) {
    type Output = (T1::Output, T2::Output, T3::Output, T4::Output, T5::Output);
    fn words_count() -> usize {
        T1::words_count() + T2::words_count() + T3::words_count() + T4::words_count() + T5::words_count()
    }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        assert_eq!(words.len(), Self::words_count());
        let mut start = 0;
        let count1 = T1::words_count();
        let val1 = T1::read_words(&words[start .. start+count1])?;
        start += count1;
        let count2 = T2::words_count();
        let val2 = T2::read_words(&words[start .. start+count2])?;
        start += count2;
        let count3 = T3::words_count();
        let val3 = T3::read_words(&words[start .. start+count3])?;
        start += count3;
        let count4 = T4::words_count();
        let val4 = T4::read_words(&words[start .. start+count4])?;
        start += count4;
        let val5 = T5::read_words(&words[start..])?;
        Ok((val1, val2, val3, val4, val5))
    }
}
impl<T1: Readable, T2: Readable, T3: Readable, T4: Readable, T5: Readable, T6: Readable> Readable for (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) {
    type Output = (T1::Output, T2::Output, T3::Output, T4::Output, T5::Output, T6::Output);
    fn words_count() -> usize {
        T1::words_count() + T2::words_count() + T3::words_count() + T4::words_count() + T5::words_count() + T6::words_count()
    }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        assert_eq!(words.len(), Self::words_count());
        let mut start = 0;
        let count1 = T1::words_count();
        let val1 = T1::read_words(&words[start .. start+count1])?;
        start += count1;
        let count2 = T2::words_count();
        let val2 = T2::read_words(&words[start .. start+count2])?;
        start += count2;
        let count3 = T3::words_count();
        let val3 = T3::read_words(&words[start .. start+count3])?;
        start += count3;
        let count4 = T4::words_count();
        let val4 = T4::read_words(&words[start .. start+count4])?;
        start += count4;
        let count5 = T5::words_count();
        let val5 = T5::read_words(&words[start .. start+count5])?;
        start += count5;
        let val6 = T6::read_words(&words[start..])?;
        Ok((val1, val2, val3, val4, val5, val6))
    }
}
pub trait ReadableFromLine {
    type Output;
    fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String>;
}
fn split_into_words(line: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
    line.trim_end_matches('\n').split_whitespace().collect()
}
impl<T: Readable> ReadableFromLine for T {
    type Output = T::Output;
    fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<T::Output, String> {
        let words = split_into_words(line);
        if words.len() != T::words_count() {
            return Err(format!("line `{}` has {} words, expected {}",
                               line, words.len(), T::words_count()));
        }
        T::read_words(&words)
    }
}
pub fn read_words_into_vec<T: Readable>(words: &[&str], line: &str) -> Result<Vec<T::Output>, String> {
    let n = T::words_count();
    assert_eq!(words.len() % n, 0);
    let mut result = Vec::new();
    for chunk in words.chunks(n) {
        match T::read_words(chunk) {
            Ok(v) => result.push(v),
            Err(msg) => {
                let fragment_msg = if n == 1 {
                    format!("word {}", result.len())
                } else {
                    let l = result.len();
                    format!("words {}-{}", n*l + 1, (n+1) * l)
                };
                return Err(format!(
                    "{} of line `{}`: {}", fragment_msg, line, msg
                ));
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(result)
}
pub fn split_into_words_for_collection<T: Readable>(
    line: &str, prefix_words_count: usize
) -> Result<Vec<&str>, String> {
    let n = T::words_count();
    let words = split_into_words(line);
    if words.len() < prefix_words_count {
        return Err(
            format!("line `{}` has {} words, expected at least {}",
                    line, words.len(), prefix_words_count)
        );
    }
    if (words.len() - prefix_words_count) % T::words_count() != 0 {
        return Err(
            format!("line `{}` has {} words, expected {} + {}",
                    line, words.len(), prefix_words_count, n)
        );
    }
    Ok(words)
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readable_collection {
    ($u:ident => $collection_in:ty, $collection_out:ty) => {
        readable_collection!($u: => $collection_in, $collection_out);
    };
    ($u:ident : $( $bound:path ),* => $collection_in:ty, $collection_out:ty) => {
        impl<$u: Readable> ReadableFromLine for $collection_in
        where
            <$u as Readable>::Output: Sized $(+ $bound)*
        {
            type Output = $collection_out;
            fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
                let words = split_into_words_for_collection::<$u>(line, 0)?;
                Ok(read_words_into_vec::<$u>(&words, line)?.into_iter().collect())
            }
        }
        impl<T1: Readable, $u: Readable> ReadableFromLine for (T1, $collection_in)
        where
            <$u as Readable>::Output: Sized $(+ $bound)*
        {
            type Output = (T1::Output, $collection_out);
            fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
                let prefix_len = T1::words_count();
                let words = split_into_words_for_collection::<$u>(line, prefix_len)?;
                let val1 = T1::read_words(&words[..prefix_len])?;
                let rest = read_words_into_vec::<$u>(&words[prefix_len..], line)?;
                Ok((val1, rest.into_iter().collect()))
            }
        }
        impl<T1: Readable, T2: Readable, $u: Readable> ReadableFromLine for (T1, T2, $collection_in)
        where
            <$u as Readable>::Output: Sized $(+ $bound)*
        {
            type Output = (T1::Output, T2::Output, $collection_out);
            fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
                let prefix_len = <(T1, T2)>::words_count();
                let words = split_into_words_for_collection::<$u>(line, prefix_len)?;
                let mut start = 0;
                let count1 = T1::words_count();
                let val1 = T1::read_words(&words[start .. start+count1])?;
                start += count1;
                let count2 = T2::words_count();
                let val2 = T2::read_words(&words[start .. start+count2])?;
                let rest = read_words_into_vec::<$u>(&words[prefix_len..], line)?;
                Ok((val1, val2, rest.into_iter().collect()))
            }
        }
        impl<T1: Readable, T2: Readable, T3: Readable, $u: Readable> ReadableFromLine for (T1, T2, T3, $collection_in)
        where
            <$u as Readable>::Output: Sized $(+ $bound)*
        {
            type Output = (T1::Output, T2::Output, T3::Output, $collection_out);
            fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
                let prefix_len = <(T1, T2, T3)>::words_count();
                let words = split_into_words_for_collection::<$u>(line, prefix_len)?;
                let mut start = 0;
                let count1 = T1::words_count();
                let val1 = T1::read_words(&words[start .. start+count1])?;
                start += count1;
                let count2 = T2::words_count();
                let val2 = T2::read_words(&words[start .. start+count2])?;
                start += count2;
                let count3 = T3::words_count();
                let val3 = T3::read_words(&words[start .. start+count3])?;
                let rest = read_words_into_vec::<$u>(&words[prefix_len..], line)?;
                Ok((val1, val2, val3, rest.into_iter().collect()))
            }
        }
        impl<T1: Readable, T2: Readable, T3: Readable, T4: Readable, $u: Readable> ReadableFromLine for (T1, T2, T3, T4, $collection_in)
        where
            <$u as Readable>::Output: Sized $(+ $bound)*
        {
            type Output = (T1::Output, T2::Output, T3::Output, T4::Output, $collection_out);
            fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
                let prefix_len = <(T1, T2, T3, T4)>::words_count();
                let words = split_into_words_for_collection::<$u>(line, prefix_len)?;
                let mut start = 0;
                let count1 = T1::words_count();
                let val1 = T1::read_words(&words[start .. start+count1])?;
                start += count1;
                let count2 = T2::words_count();
                let val2 = T2::read_words(&words[start .. start+count2])?;
                start += count2;
                let count3 = T3::words_count();
                let val3 = T3::read_words(&words[start .. start+count3])?;
                start += count3;
                let count4 = T4::words_count();
                let val4 = T4::read_words(&words[start .. start+count4])?;
                let rest = read_words_into_vec::<$u>(&words[prefix_len..], line)?;
                Ok((val1, val2, val3, val4, rest.into_iter().collect()))
            }
        }
    };
}
readable_collection!(U => Vec<U>, Vec<U::Output>);
pub fn read<T: ReadableFromLine>() -> T::Output {
    let mut line = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
    T::read_line(&line).unwrap()
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! read {
    () => {
        let mut line = String::new();
        std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
    };
    ( $pat:pat = $t:ty $(,)* ) => {
        let $pat = read::<$t>();
    };
    ( ! $(,)* ) => {
        let _ = read::<()>();
    };
    ( $pat:pat = $t:ty, $( $rest:tt )+ ) => {
        read_inner!($pat = $t; $($rest)+);
    };
    ( !, $( $rest:tt )+ ) => {
        read_inner!(_ = (); $($rest)+);
    };
}
#[macro_export]
#[doc(hidden)]
macro_rules! read_inner {
    ( $( $acc_pat:pat = $acc_t:ty ),+ ; $pat:pat = $t:ty, $( $rest:tt )* ) => {
        read_inner!($( $acc_pat = $acc_t ),+ , $pat = $t ; $($rest)*);
    };
    ( $( $acc_pat:pat = $acc_t:ty ),+ ; !, $( $rest:tt )* ) => {
        read_inner!($( $acc_pat = $acc_t ),+ , _ = () ; $($rest)*);
    };
    ( $( $acc_pat:pat = $acc_t:ty ),+ ; $pat:pat = $t:ty ) => {
        read_inner!($( $acc_pat = $acc_t ),+ , $pat = $t ;);
    };
    ( $( $acc_pat:pat = $acc_t:ty ),+ ; ! ) => {
        read_inner!($( $acc_pat = $acc_t ),+ , _ = () ;);
    };
    ( $( $pat:pat = $t:ty ),+ ; ) => {
        let ($($pat),+) = read::<($($t),+)>();
    };
}
pub trait ReadableFromChunk {
    type Output;
    fn lines_count() -> usize;
    fn read_chunk(lines: &[String]) -> Result<Self::Output, String>;
}
impl<T1: ReadableFromLine, T2: ReadableFromLine> ReadableFromChunk for (T1, T2) {
    type Output = (T1::Output, T2::Output);
    fn lines_count() -> usize { 2 }
    fn read_chunk(lines: &[String]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        let out1 = T1::read_line(&lines[0])?;
        let out2 = T2::read_line(&lines[1])?;
        Ok((out1, out2))
    }
}
impl<T1: ReadableFromLine, T2: ReadableFromLine, T3: ReadableFromLine> ReadableFromChunk for (T1, T2, T3) {
    type Output = (T1::Output, T2::Output, T3::Output);
    fn lines_count() -> usize { 3 }
    fn read_chunk(lines: &[String]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        let out1 = T1::read_line(&lines[0])?;
        let out2 = T2::read_line(&lines[1])?;
        let out3 = T3::read_line(&lines[2])?;
        Ok((out1, out2, out3))
    }
}
impl<T1: ReadableFromLine, T2: ReadableFromLine, T3: ReadableFromLine, T4: ReadableFromLine> ReadableFromChunk for (T1, T2, T3, T4) {
    type Output = (T1::Output, T2::Output, T3::Output, T4::Output);
    fn lines_count() -> usize { 4 }
    fn read_chunk(lines: &[String]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
        let out1 = T1::read_line(&lines[0])?;
        let out2 = T2::read_line(&lines[1])?;
        let out3 = T3::read_line(&lines[2])?;
        let out4 = T4::read_line(&lines[3])?;
        Ok((out1, out2, out3, out4))
    }
}
pub fn read_chunk<T: ReadableFromChunk>() -> T::Output {
    let stdin = std::io::stdin();
    let mut handle = stdin.lock();
    read_chunk_from_handle::<T>(&mut handle).unwrap()
}
fn read_chunk_from_handle<T: ReadableFromChunk>(handle: &mut std::io::StdinLock) -> Option<T::Output> {
    use std::io::BufRead;
    let mut lines = vec![String::new(); T::lines_count()];
    let mut first = true;
    for line in &mut lines {
        if handle.read_line(line).unwrap() == 0 && first {
            return None;
        }
        first = false;
    }
    Some(T::read_chunk(&lines).unwrap())
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! read_chunk {
    ( $( $pat:pat = $t:ty ),+ ) => {
        let ($($pat),+) = read_chunk::<($($t),+)>();
    };
}
static mut STDIN: Option<std::io::Stdin> = None;
pub struct ReadLines<T: ReadableFromLine> {
    lock: std::io::StdinLock<'static>,
    phantom: std::marker::PhantomData<T>
}
impl<T: ReadableFromLine> Iterator for ReadLines<T> {
    type Item = T::Output;
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<T::Output> {
        use std::io::BufRead;
        let mut line = String::new();
        if self.lock.read_line(&mut line).unwrap() > 0 {
            Some(T::read_line(&line).unwrap())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}
pub fn read_lines<T: ReadableFromLine>() -> ReadLines<T> {
    unsafe {
        if STDIN.is_none() {
            STDIN = Some(std::io::stdin());
        }
    }
    ReadLines {
        lock: unsafe { STDIN.as_ref().unwrap().lock() },
        phantom: std::marker::PhantomData::<T>
    }
}
pub struct ReadChunks<T: ReadableFromChunk> {
    lock: std::io::StdinLock<'static>,
    phantom: std::marker::PhantomData<T>
}
impl<T: ReadableFromChunk> Iterator for ReadChunks<T> {
    type Item = T::Output;
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<T::Output> {
        read_chunk_from_handle::<T>(&mut self.lock)
    }
}
pub fn read_chunks<T: ReadableFromChunk>() -> ReadChunks<T> {
    unsafe {
        if STDIN.is_none() {
            STDIN = Some(std::io::stdin());
        }
    }
    ReadChunks {
        lock: unsafe { STDIN.as_ref().unwrap().lock() },
        phantom: std::marker::PhantomData::<T>
    }
}
pub trait Words {
    fn read<T: Readable>(&self) -> T::Output;
}
impl<'a> Words for [&'a str] {
    fn read<T: Readable>(&self) -> T::Output {
        T::read_words(self).unwrap()
    }
}
impl<'a> Words for &'a str {
    fn read<T: Readable>(&self) -> T::Output {
        T::read_words(&[self]).unwrap()
    }
}

// SNIPPET utils
pub fn yn(result: bool) {
    if result {
        println!("Yes");
    } else {
        println!("No");
    }
}
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
pub fn YN(result: bool) {
    if result {
        println!("YES");
    } else {
        println!("NO");
    }
}
pub fn exit(msg: impl std::fmt::Display) -> ! {
    println!("{}", msg);
    std::process::exit(0)
}
#[macro_export]
#[cfg(local)]
macro_rules! dbg {
    () => {
        {
            use std::io::{self, Write};
            writeln!(io::stderr(), "{}: dbg", line!()).unwrap();
        }
    };
    ($e: expr) => {
        {
            use std::io::{self, Write};
            let result = $e;
            writeln!(io::stderr(), "{}: {} = {:?}",
                     line!(), stringify!($e), result)
                .unwrap();
            result
        }
    }
}
#[macro_export]
#[cfg(not(local))]
macro_rules! dbg {
    () => {};
    ($e: expr) => {
        { $e }
    }
}



// SNIPPET heap
mod max_heap_internal {
    use std::cmp::Ordering::{self, *};
    pub fn parent_of(pos: usize) -> Option<usize> {
        if pos == 0 {
            None
        } else {
            Some(parent_of_unchecked(pos))
        }
    }
    fn parent_of_unchecked(pos: usize) -> usize {
        (pos - 1) / 2
    }
    pub fn left_of<T>(pos: usize, heap: &Vec<T>) -> Option<usize> {
        let left = left_of_unchecked(pos);
        if heap.len() <= left {
            None
        } else {
            Some(left)
        }
    }
    fn left_of_unchecked(pos: usize) -> usize {
        pos * 2 + 1
    }
    pub fn right_of<T>(pos: usize, heap: &Vec<T>) -> Option<usize> {
        let right = right_of_unchecked(pos);
        if heap.len() <= right {
            None
        } else {
            Some(right)
        }
    }
    fn right_of_unchecked(pos: usize) -> usize {
        left_of_unchecked(pos) + 1
    }
    pub fn build<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> Ordering + Copy>(vec: &mut Vec<T>, cmp: F) {
        for i in (0..vec.len()/2).rev() {
            sift_down(vec, i, cmp)
        }
    }
    pub fn sift_down<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> Ordering + Copy>(heap: &mut Vec<T>, pos: usize, cmp: F) {
        let next = left_of(pos, heap).map_or(pos, |l| {
            if cmp(&heap[pos], &heap[l]) == Less { l } else { pos }
        });
        let next = right_of(pos, heap).map_or(next, |r| {
            if cmp(&heap[next], &heap[r]) == Less { r } else { next }
        });
        if next != pos {
            heap.swap(pos, next);
            sift_down(heap, next, cmp);
        }
    }
    pub fn sift_up<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> Ordering + Copy>(heap: &mut Vec<T>, pos: usize, cmp: F) {
        parent_of(pos).into_iter().for_each(|parent| {
            if cmp(&heap[parent], &heap[pos]) == Less {
                heap.swap(parent, pos);
                sift_up(heap, parent, cmp);
            }
        });
    }
}
pub trait PriorityQueue<T>: IntoIterator<Item=T> + Extend<T> {
    fn len(&self) -> usize;
    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool;
    fn push(&mut self, x: T);
    fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T>;
    fn peek(&self) -> Option<&T>;
}
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct MaxHeap<T, F> {
    heap: Vec<T>,
    cmp: F
}
impl<T, F> MaxHeap<T, F> {
    fn new(cmp: F) -> MaxHeap<T, F> {
        MaxHeap {
            heap: Vec::new(),
            cmp: cmp
        }
    }
    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[T] {
        &self.heap
    }
    pub fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<T> {
        self.heap
    }
}
impl<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> MaxHeap<T, F> {
    fn from_vec(mut vec: Vec<T>, cmp: F) -> MaxHeap<T, F> {
        use self::max_heap_internal::*;
        build(&mut vec, &cmp);
        MaxHeap {
            heap: vec,
            cmp: cmp
        }
    }
}
pub fn max_heap<T: Ord>() -> MaxHeap<T, impl Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> {
    MaxHeap::new(Ord::cmp)
}
pub fn max_heap_from_vec<T: Ord>(vec: Vec<T>) -> MaxHeap<T, impl Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> {
    MaxHeap::from_vec(vec, Ord::cmp)
}
pub fn max_heap_by<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering>(cmp: F) -> MaxHeap<T, F> {
    MaxHeap::new(cmp)
}
pub fn max_heap_from_vec_by<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering>(vec: Vec<T>, cmp: F) -> MaxHeap<T, F> {
    MaxHeap::from_vec(vec, cmp)
}
pub fn max_heap_by_key<T, K: Ord>(key: impl Fn(&T) -> K) -> MaxHeap<T, impl Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> {
    MaxHeap::new(move |a: &T, b: &T| key(a).cmp(&key(b)))
}
pub fn max_heap_from_vec_by_key<T, K: Ord>(vec: Vec<T>, key: impl Fn(&T) -> K) -> MaxHeap<T, impl Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> {
    MaxHeap::from_vec(vec, move |a: &T, b: &T| key(a).cmp(&key(b)))
}
pub fn min_heap<T: Ord>() -> MaxHeap<T, impl Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> {
    MaxHeap::new(|a: &T, b: &T| b.cmp(a))
}
pub fn min_heap_from_vec<T: Ord>(vec: Vec<T>) -> MaxHeap<T, impl Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> {
    MaxHeap::from_vec(vec, |a: &T, b: &T| b.cmp(a))
}
pub fn min_heap_by<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering>(cmp: F) -> MaxHeap<T, impl Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> {
    MaxHeap::new(move |a: &T, b: &T| cmp(b, a))
}
pub fn min_heap_from_vec_by<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering>(vec: Vec<T>, cmp: F) -> MaxHeap<T, impl Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> {
    MaxHeap::from_vec(vec, move |a: &T, b: &T| cmp(b, a))
}
pub fn min_heap_by_key<T, K: Ord>(key: impl Fn(&T) -> K) -> MaxHeap<T, impl Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> {
    MaxHeap::new(move |a: &T, b: &T| key(b).cmp(&key(a)))
}
pub fn min_heap_from_vec_by_key<T, K: Ord>(vec: Vec<T>, key: impl Fn(&T) -> K) -> MaxHeap<T, impl Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> {
    MaxHeap::from_vec(vec, move |a: &T, b: &T| key(b).cmp(&key(a)))
}
impl<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> PriorityQueue<T> for MaxHeap<T, F> {
    fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.heap.len()
    }
    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.heap.is_empty()
    }
    fn push(&mut self, x: T) {
        use self::max_heap_internal::*;
        self.heap.push(x);
        let last = self.heap.len() - 1;
        sift_up(&mut self.heap, last, &self.cmp);
    }
    fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
        use self::max_heap_internal::*;
        if !self.heap.is_empty() {
            let max = self.heap.swap_remove(0);
            sift_down(&mut self.heap, 0, &self.cmp);
            Some(max)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
    fn peek(&self) -> Option<&T> {
        self.heap.get(0)
    }
}
impl<T: std::fmt::Debug, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> std::fmt::Debug for MaxHeap<T, F> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
        let mut refs: Vec<&T> = self.as_slice().iter().collect();
        refs.sort_by(|&a, &b| (self.cmp)(b, a));
        f.debug_list().entries(refs.into_iter()).finish()
    }
}
pub struct MaxHeapIterator<T, F> {
    heap: MaxHeap<T, F>
}
impl<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> IntoIterator for MaxHeap<T, F> {
    type Item = T;
    type IntoIter = MaxHeapIterator<T, F>;
    fn into_iter(self) -> MaxHeapIterator<T, F> {
        MaxHeapIterator {
            heap: self
        }
    }
}
impl<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> Iterator for MaxHeapIterator<T, F> {
    type Item = T;
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
        self.heap.pop()
    }
    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        (self.heap.len(), Some(self.heap.len()))
    }
    fn count(self) -> usize {
        self.heap.len()
    }
}
impl<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> ExactSizeIterator for MaxHeapIterator<T, F> {}
impl<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> std::iter::FusedIterator for MaxHeapIterator<T, F> {}
impl<T, F: Fn(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering> Extend<T> for MaxHeap<T, F> {
    fn extend<I: IntoIterator<Item=T>>(&mut self, iter: I) {
        for x in iter {
            self.push(x)
        }
    }
}

// SNIPPET cmp
use std::cmp::{Ord, Ordering};
pub fn minmax<T: Ord>(a: T, b: T) -> (T, T) {
    if a <= b { (a, b) } else { (b, a) }
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! chmin {
    ($place: expr, $expr: expr) => {
        let value = $expr;
        if value < $place {
            $place = value;
        }
    }
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! chmax {
    ($place: expr, $expr: expr) => {
        let value = $expr;
        if value > $place {
            $place = value;
        }
    }
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Default, Hash)]
pub struct Reverse<T: Ord>(pub T);
impl<T: Ord> PartialOrd for Reverse<T> {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Reverse<T>) -> Option<Ordering> {
        other.0.partial_cmp(&self.0)
    }
}
impl<T: Ord> Ord for Reverse<T> {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Reverse<T>) -> Ordering {
        other.0.cmp(&self.0)
    }
}
pub trait SortDesc<T> {
    fn sort_desc(&mut self) where T: Ord;
    fn sort_desc_by<F>(&mut self, cmp: F)
    where
        F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering;
    fn sort_desc_by_key<K: Ord, F: FnMut(&T) -> K>(&mut self, key: F);
    fn sort_unstable_desc(&mut self) where T: Ord;
    fn sort_unstable_desc_by<F>(&mut self, cmp: F)
    where
        F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering;
    fn sort_unstable_desc_by_key<K: Ord, F: FnMut(&T) -> K>(&mut self, key: F);
}
impl<T> SortDesc<T> for [T] {
    fn sort_desc(&mut self) where T: Ord {
        self.sort_by(|x, y| y.cmp(x));
    }
    fn sort_desc_by<F>(&mut self, mut cmp: F)
    where
        F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering
    {
        self.sort_by(|x, y| cmp(y, x));
    }
    fn sort_desc_by_key<K: Ord, F: FnMut(&T) -> K>(&mut self, mut key: F) {
        self.sort_by_key(|x| Reverse(key(x)));
    }
    fn sort_unstable_desc(&mut self) where T: Ord {
        self.sort_unstable_by(|x, y| y.cmp(x));
    }
    fn sort_unstable_desc_by<F>(&mut self, mut cmp: F)
    where
        F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> std::cmp::Ordering
    {
        self.sort_unstable_by(|x, y| cmp(y, x));
    }
    fn sort_unstable_desc_by_key<K: Ord, F: FnMut(&T) -> K>(&mut self, mut key: F) {
        self.sort_unstable_by_key(|x| Reverse(key(x)));
    }
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Debug, Default, Hash)]
pub struct Total<T: PartialOrd + PartialEq>(pub T);
impl<T: PartialOrd + PartialEq> Eq for Total<T> {}
impl<T: PartialOrd + PartialEq> Ord for Total<T> {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
        self.partial_cmp(other).unwrap()
    }
}
pub trait IteratorMinmax: Iterator {
    fn minmax(self) -> Option<(Self::Item, Self::Item)>;
    fn minmax_by_key<K, F>(self, key_fn: F) -> Option<(Self::Item, Self::Item)>
    where
        K: Ord,
        F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K;
    fn minmax_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<(Self::Item, Self::Item)>
    where
        F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering;
}
impl<T: Ord + Clone, I: Iterator<Item=T>> IteratorMinmax for I {
    fn minmax(self) -> Option<(Self::Item, Self::Item)> {
        self.minmax_by(|a, b| a.cmp(b))
    }
    fn minmax_by_key<K, F>(self, mut key_fn: F) -> Option<(Self::Item, Self::Item)>
    where
        K: Ord,
        F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K
    {
        self.minmax_by(|a, b| key_fn(a).cmp(&key_fn(b)))
    }
    fn minmax_by<F>(mut self, mut compare: F) -> Option<(Self::Item, Self::Item)>
    where
        F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering
    {
        let first = self.next()?;
        let second = match self.next() {
            Some(x) => x,
            None => return Some((first.clone(), first))
        };
        let mut result = minmax(first, second);
        while let Some(x) = self.next() {
            let (min, max) = result;
            result = if compare(&x, &min) == Ordering::Less {
                (x, max)
            } else if compare(&max, &x) == Ordering::Less {
                (min, x)
            } else {
                (min, max)
            };
        }
        Some(result)
    }
}
pub trait WithCmpIdentity<T>: Sized {
    fn new(x: T) -> Self;
    fn inf() -> Self;
    fn as_option(&self) -> Option<&T>;
    fn as_option_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T>;
    fn into_option(self) -> Option<T>;
    fn is_fin(&self) -> bool {
        self.as_option().is_some()
    }
    fn is_inf(&self) -> bool {
        self.as_option().is_none()
    }
    fn expect_fin(self, msg: &str) -> T {
        self.into_option().expect(msg)
    }
    fn fin(self) -> T {
        self.into_option().unwrap()
    }
    fn fin_or(self, default: T) -> T {
        self.into_option().unwrap_or(default)
    }
    fn fin_or_else<F: FnOnce() -> T>(self, f: F) -> T {
        self.into_option().unwrap_or_else(f)
    }
    fn map_or<U, F: FnOnce(T) -> U>(self, default: U, f: F) -> U {
        self.into_option().map_or(default, f)
    }
    fn map_or_else<U, D, F>(self, default: D, f: F) -> U
    where
        D: FnOnce() -> U,
        F: FnOnce(T) -> U
    {
        self.into_option().map_or_else(default, f).into()
    }
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
pub enum MaybeNegInf<T> {
    Inf,
    Fin(T)
}
pub type Max<T> = MaybeNegInf<T>;
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
pub enum MaybeInf<T> {
    Fin(T),
    Inf
}
pub type Min<T> = MaybeInf<T>;
macro_rules! impl_with_cmp_identity {
    ($t:ident) => {
        impl<T> $t<T> {
            pub fn map<U: Ord, F: FnOnce(T) -> U>(self, f: F) -> $t<U> {
                match self {
                    $t::Fin(x) => $t::Fin(f(x)),
                    $t::Inf => $t::Inf
                }
            }
        }
        impl<T> WithCmpIdentity<T> for $t<T> {
            fn new(x: T) -> $t<T> { $t::Fin(x) }
            fn inf() -> $t<T> { $t::Inf }
            fn as_option(&self) -> Option<&T> {
                match self {
                    $t::Fin(x) => Some(x),
                    $t::Inf => None
                }
            }
            fn as_option_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> {
                match self {
                    $t::Fin(x) => Some(x),
                    $t::Inf => None
                }
            }
            fn into_option(self) -> Option<T> {
                match self {
                    $t::Fin(x) => Some(x),
                    $t::Inf => None
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
impl_with_cmp_identity!(MaybeNegInf);
impl_with_cmp_identity!(MaybeInf);

// END SNIPPETS
// Here is the documentation: https://yoshrc.github.io/rust-atcoder-snippets/atcoder_snippets/index.html

use std::cmp;

#[derive(Clone)]
struct Edge {
    to: usize,
    fee: usize,
    time: u64
}

struct Node {
    v: usize,
    coin: usize,
    t: u64
}

fn relax(v: usize, coin: usize, t: u64,
         ds: &mut Vec<Vec<Option<u64>>>, queue: &mut impl PriorityQueue<Node>) {
    if ds[v][coin].map_or(true, |prev_t| prev_t > t) {
        ds[v][coin] = Some(t);
        queue.push(Node { v, coin, t });
    }
}

fn main() {
    read!(n = usize, m = usize, s = usize);
    let mut adj = vec![Vec::new(); n];
    let mut max_fee = 0;
    for (u, v, fee, time) in read_lines::<(usize_, usize_, usize, u64)>().take(m) {
        chmax!(max_fee, fee);
        adj[u].push(Edge { to: v, fee, time });
        adj[v].push(Edge { to: u, fee, time });
    }
    let max_coin = max_fee * n;
    let s = cmp::min(s, max_coin);
    let exchange: Vec<(usize, u64)> = read_lines::<(usize, u64)>().collect();

    let mut ds = vec![vec![None; max_coin+1]; n];
    let mut queue = min_heap_by_key(|node: &Node| node.t);
    ds[0][s] = Some(0);
    queue.push(Node { v: 0, coin: s, t: 0 });
    while let Some(node) = queue.pop() {
        if node.t > ds[node.v][node.coin].unwrap() {
            continue;
        }

        for edge in &adj[node.v] {
            if let Some(next_coin) = node.coin.checked_sub(edge.fee) {
                relax(edge.to, next_coin, node.t + edge.time, &mut ds, &mut queue);
            }
        }

        if node.coin < max_coin {
            let next_coin = cmp::min(max_coin, node.coin + exchange[node.v].0);
            relax(node.v, next_coin, node.t + exchange[node.v].1, &mut ds, &mut queue);
        }
    }

    for ts in ds.into_iter().skip(1) {
        println!("{}", ts.into_iter().flatten().min().unwrap());
    }
}


Measured memory_bytes: 5700