import java.awt.Point;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.AbstractList;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.RandomAccess;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.function.BinaryOperator;
import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;

public class Main implements Runnable {
	
	@SuppressWarnings("static-method")
	private void solve(FastIO io, String[] args) {
		/*
		 * author: 31536000
		 * AtCoder Beginner Contest 179 F問題
		 * 考察メモ
		 * 区間更新一点minがあればいい
		 */
		int N = io.nextInt(), Q = io.nextInt();
		Integer[] first = new Integer[N - 2];
		Arrays.fill(first, N - 2);
		LazySegTree<Integer, Integer> left = new LazySegTree<Integer, Integer>(first, (l, r) -> l + r, 0, Math::min, Math::min, N), 
				top = new LazySegTree<Integer, Integer>(first, (l, r) -> l + r, 0, Math::min, Math::min, N);
		long sum = (long)(N - 2) * (N - 2);
		while(Q --> 0) {
			int p = io.nextInt(), x = io.nextInt() - 2;
			if (p == 1) {
				int get = top.prod(x, x + 1);
				left.apply(0, get, x);
				sum -= get;
			} else {
				int get = left.prod(x, x + 1);
				top.apply(0, get, x);
				sum -= get;
			}
		}
		io.println(sum);
	}
	
	/** デバッグ用コードのお供に */
	private static boolean DEBUG = false;
	/** 確保するメモリの大きさ(単位: MB) */
	private static final long MEMORY = 64;
	private final FastIO io;
	private final String[] args;
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		});
		new Thread(null, new Main(args), "", MEMORY * 1048576L).start();
	}
	
	public Main(String[] args) {
		this(new FastIO(), args);
	}
	
	public Main(FastIO io, String... args) {
		this.io = io;
		this.args = args;
		if (DEBUG) io.setAutoFlush(true);
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			solve(io, args);
		} catch (Throwable e) {
			throw e;
		} finally {
			io.flush();
		}
	}
	
	// 以下、ライブラリ
	
	/**
	 * 指数表記の値を整数で返します。
	 * 
	 * @param n 仮数部
	 * @param e 指数部
	 * @return n * 10^e
	 */
	public static int exponent10(int n, int e) {
		return n * pow(10, e);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 指数表記の値を整数で返します。
	 * 
	 * @param n 仮数部
	 * @param e 指数部
	 * @return n * 10^e
	 */
	public static long exponent10L(int n, int e) {
		return n * pow(10L, e);
	}
	
	/**
	 * aのb乗を返します。
	 * 
	 * @param a 整数
	 * @param b 整数
	 * @return aのb乗
	 */
	public static int pow(int a, int b) {
		int ans = 1;
		for (int mul = a; b > 0; b >>= 1, mul *= mul)
			if ((b & 1) != 0) ans *= mul;
		return ans;
	}
	
	/**
	 * aのb乗をmodを法として計算したものを返します。
	 * 
	 * @param a   整数
	 * @param b   整数
	 * @param mod 法
	 * @return aのb乗をmodを法として計算したもの
	 */
	public static int pow(int a, int b, int mod) {
		a %= mod;
		if (a < 0) a += mod;
		b %= mod;
		if (b < 0) b += mod - 1;
		long ans = 1;
		for (long mul = a; b > 0; b >>= 1, mul = mul * mul % mod)
			if ((b & 1) != 0) ans = ans * mul % mod;
		return (int)ans;
	}
	
	/**
	 * aのb乗を返します。
	 * 
	 * @param a 整数
	 * @param b 整数
	 * @return aのb乗
	 */
	public static long pow(long a, long b) {
		long ans = 1;
		for (long mul = a; b > 0; b >>= 1, mul *= mul)
			if ((b & 1) != 0) ans *= mul;
		return ans;
	}
	
	/**
	 * aのb乗をmodを法として計算したものを返します。
	 * 
	 * @param a   整数
	 * @param b   整数
	 * @param mod 法
	 * @return aのb乗をmodを法として計算したもの
	 */
	public static int pow(long a, long b, int mod) {
		a %= mod;
		if (a < 0) a += mod;
		b %= mod;
		if (b < 0) b += mod - 1;
		long ans = 1;
		for (long mul = a; b > 0; b >>= 1, mul = mul * mul % mod)
			if ((b & 1) != 0) ans = ans * mul % mod;
		return (int)ans;
	}
	
	/**
	 * TODO: verify {@link LazySegTree#maxRight} and {@link LazySegTree#minLeft}
	 * 
	 * @verified https://atcoder.jp/contests/practice2/tasks/practice2_k
	 */
	
	public static class LazySegTree<S, F> {
		
		final int MAX;
		
		final int N;
		final int Log;
		final java.util.function.BinaryOperator<S> Op;
		final S E;
		final java.util.function.BiFunction<F, S, S> Mapping;
		final java.util.function.BinaryOperator<F> Composition;
		final F Id;
		
		final S[] Dat;
		final F[] Laz;
		
		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
		public LazySegTree(int n, java.util.function.BinaryOperator<S> op, S e, java.util.function.BiFunction<F, S, S> mapping,
				java.util.function.BinaryOperator<F> composition, F id) {
			this.MAX = n;
			int k = 1;
			while (k < n)
				k <<= 1;
			this.N = k;
			this.Log = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(N);
			this.Op = op;
			this.E = e;
			this.Mapping = mapping;
			this.Composition = composition;
			this.Id = id;
			this.Dat = (S[])new Object[N << 1];
			this.Laz = (F[])new Object[N];
			java.util.Arrays.fill(Dat, E);
			java.util.Arrays.fill(Laz, Id);
		}
		
		public LazySegTree(S[] dat, java.util.function.BinaryOperator<S> op, S e, java.util.function.BiFunction<F, S, S> mapping,
				java.util.function.BinaryOperator<F> composition, F id) {
			this(dat.length, op, e, mapping, composition, id);
			build(dat);
		}
		
		private void build(S[] dat) {
			int l = dat.length;
			System.arraycopy(dat, 0, Dat, N, l);
			for (int i = N - 1; i > 0; i-- ) {
				Dat[i] = Op.apply(Dat[i << 1 | 0], Dat[i << 1 | 1]);
			}
		}
		
		private void push(int k) {
			if (Laz[k] == Id) return;
			int lk = k << 1 | 0, rk = k << 1 | 1;
			Dat[lk] = Mapping.apply(Laz[k], Dat[lk]);
			Dat[rk] = Mapping.apply(Laz[k], Dat[rk]);
			if (lk < N) Laz[lk] = Composition.apply(Laz[k], Laz[lk]);
			if (rk < N) Laz[rk] = Composition.apply(Laz[k], Laz[rk]);
			Laz[k] = Id;
		}
		
		private void pushTo(int k) {
			for (int i = Log; i > 0; i-- )
				push(k >> i);
		}
		
		private void pushTo(int lk, int rk) {
			for (int i = Log; i > 0; i-- ) {
				if (((lk >> i) << i) != lk) push(lk >> i);
				if (((rk >> i) << i) != rk) push(rk >> i);
			}
		}
		
		private void updateFrom(int k) {
			k >>= 1;
			while (k > 0) {
				Dat[k] = Op.apply(Dat[k << 1 | 0], Dat[k << 1 | 1]);
				k >>= 1;
			}
		}
		
		private void updateFrom(int lk, int rk) {
			for (int i = 1; i <= Log; i++ ) {
				if (((lk >> i) << i) != lk) {
					int lki = lk >> i;
					Dat[lki] = Op.apply(Dat[lki << 1 | 0], Dat[lki << 1 | 1]);
				}
				if (((rk >> i) << i) != rk) {
					int rki = (rk - 1) >> i;
					Dat[rki] = Op.apply(Dat[rki << 1 | 0], Dat[rki << 1 | 1]);
				}
			}
		}
		
		public void set(int p, S x) {
			exclusiveRangeCheck(p);
			p += N;
			pushTo(p);
			Dat[p] = x;
			updateFrom(p);
		}
		
		public S get(int p) {
			exclusiveRangeCheck(p);
			p += N;
			pushTo(p);
			return Dat[p];
		}
		
		public S prod(int l, int r) {
			if (l > r) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Invalid range: [%d, %d)", l, r)); }
			inclusiveRangeCheck(l);
			inclusiveRangeCheck(r);
			if (l == r) return E;
			l += N;
			r += N;
			pushTo(l, r);
			S sumLeft = E, sumRight = E;
			while (l < r) {
				if ((l & 1) == 1) sumLeft = Op.apply(sumLeft, Dat[l++ ]);
				if ((r & 1) == 1) sumRight = Op.apply(Dat[ --r], sumRight);
				l >>= 1;
				r >>= 1;
			}
			return Op.apply(sumLeft, sumRight);
		}
		
		public S allProd() {
			return Dat[1];
		}
		
		public void apply(int p, F f) {
			exclusiveRangeCheck(p);
			p += N;
			pushTo(p);
			Dat[p] = Mapping.apply(f, Dat[p]);
			updateFrom(p);
		}
		
		public void apply(int l, int r, F f) {
			if (l > r) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Invalid range: [%d, %d)", l, r)); }
			inclusiveRangeCheck(l);
			inclusiveRangeCheck(r);
			if (l == r) return;
			l += N;
			r += N;
			pushTo(l, r);
			for (int l2 = l, r2 = r; l2 < r2;) {
				if ((l2 & 1) == 1) {
					Dat[l2] = Mapping.apply(f, Dat[l2]);
					if (l2 < N) Laz[l2] = Composition.apply(f, Laz[l2]);
					l2++ ;
				}
				if ((r2 & 1) == 1) {
					r2-- ;
					Dat[r2] = Mapping.apply(f, Dat[r2]);
					if (r2 < N) Laz[r2] = Composition.apply(f, Laz[r2]);
				}
				l2 >>= 1;
				r2 >>= 1;
			}
			updateFrom(l, r);
		}
		
		public int maxRight(int l, java.util.function.Predicate<S> g) {
			inclusiveRangeCheck(l);
			if (!g.test(E)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Identity element must satisfy the condition."); }
			if (l == MAX) return MAX;
			l += N;
			pushTo(l);
			S sum = E;
			do {
				l >>= Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(l);
				if (!g.test(Op.apply(sum, Dat[l]))) {
					while (l < N) {
						push(l);
						l = l << 1;
						if (g.test(Op.apply(sum, Dat[l]))) {
							sum = Op.apply(sum, Dat[l]);
							l++ ;
						}
					}
					return l - N;
				}
				sum = Op.apply(sum, Dat[l]);
				l++ ;
			} while ((l & -l) != l);
			return MAX;
		}
		
		public int minLeft(int r, java.util.function.Predicate<S> g) {
			inclusiveRangeCheck(r);
			if (!g.test(E)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Identity element must satisfy the condition."); }
			if (r == 0) return 0;
			r += N;
			pushTo(r - 1);
			S sum = E;
			do {
				r-- ;
				while (r > 1 && (r & 1) == 1)
					r >>= 1;
				if (!g.test(Op.apply(Dat[r], sum))) {
					while (r < N) {
						push(r);
						r = r << 1 | 1;
						if (g.test(Op.apply(Dat[r], sum))) {
							sum = Op.apply(Dat[r], sum);
							r-- ;
						}
					}
					return r + 1 - N;
				}
				sum = Op.apply(Dat[r], sum);
			} while ((r & -r) != r);
			return 0;
		}
		
		private void exclusiveRangeCheck(int p) {
			if (p < 0 || p >= MAX) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(String.format("Index %d is not in [%d, %d).", p, 0, MAX)); }
		}
		
		private void inclusiveRangeCheck(int p) {
			if (p < 0 || p > MAX) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(String.format("Index %d is not in [%d, %d].", p, 0, MAX)); }
		}
		
		// **************** DEBUG **************** //
		
		private int indent = 6;
		
		public void setIndent(int newIndent) {
			this.indent = newIndent;
		}
		
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return toString(1, 0);
		}
		
		private String toString(int k, int sp) {
			if (k >= N) return indent(sp) + Dat[k];
			String s = "";
			s += toString(k << 1 | 1, sp + indent);
			s += "\n";
			s += indent(sp) + Dat[k] + "/" + Laz[k];
			s += "\n";
			s += toString(k << 1 | 0, sp + indent);
			return s;
		}
		
		private static String indent(int n) {
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			while (n-- > 0)
				sb.append(' ');
			return sb.toString();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 高速な入出力を提供します。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 */
	public static class FastIO implements AutoCloseable {
		
		private InputStream in;
		private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
		private int read = 0;
		private int length = 0;
		private PrintWriter out;
		private PrintWriter err;
		private boolean autoFlush = false;
		private boolean outFlush = false;
		private boolean autoOutFlush = true;
		
		public FastIO() {
			this(System.in, System.out, System.err);
		}
		
		public FastIO(InputStream in, PrintStream out, PrintStream err) {
			this.in = in;
			this.out = new PrintWriter(out, false);
			this.err = new PrintWriter(err, false);
		}
		
		public final void setInputStream(InputStream in) {
			this.in = in;
		}
		
		public final void setInputStream(File in) {
			try {
				this.in = new FileInputStream(in);
			} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		
		public final void setOutputStream(PrintStream out) {
			this.out = new PrintWriter(out, false);
		}
		
		public final void setOutputStream(File out) {
			try {
				this.out = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(out), false);
			} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		
		public final void setErrorStream(PrintStream err) {
			this.err = new PrintWriter(err, false);
		}
		
		public final void setErrorStream(File err) {
			try {
				this.err = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(err), false);
			} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		
		public final void setAutoFlush(boolean flush) {
			autoFlush = flush;
		}
		
		public final void setAutoOutFlush(boolean flush) {
			autoOutFlush = flush;
		}
		
		private boolean hasNextByte() {
			if (read < length) return true;
			read = 0;
			try {
				length = in.read(buffer);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			return length > 0;
		}
		
		private byte readByte() {
			if (hasNextByte()) return buffer[read++ ];
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}
		
		private boolean readNewLine() {
			if (hasNextByte()) {
				if (buffer[read] == '\r') {
					++read;
					if (hasNextByte() && buffer[read] == '\n') ++read;
					return true;
				}
				if (buffer[read] == '\n') {
					++read;
					return true;
				}
			}
			return false;
		}
		
		private static boolean isPrintableChar(byte c) {
			return 32 < c || c < 0;
		}
		
		private static boolean isNumber(int c) {
			return '0' <= c && c <= '9';
		}
		
		public final boolean hasNext() {
			while (hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buffer[read]))
				read++ ;
			return hasNextByte();
		}
		
		public final char nextChar() {
			if (outFlush) {
				outFlush = false;
				flush();
			}
			byte b = readByte();
			if ((b & 0x80) == 0) return (char)b;
			if ((b & 0x20) == 0) return (char)((b & 0x1F) << 6 | (readByte() & 0x3F));
			return (char)((b & 0xF) << 12 | (readByte() & 0x3F) << 6 | (readByte() & 0x3F));
		}
		
		public final char[] nextChars() {
			return next().toCharArray();
		}
		
		public final char[] nextChars(char around) {
			return (around + next() + around).toCharArray();
		}
		
		public final char[][] nextChars(int height) {
			char[][] ret = new char[height][];
			for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; ++i)
				ret[i] = nextChars();
			return ret;
		}
		
		public final char[][] nextChars(int height, char around) {
			char[][] ret = new char[height + 2][];
			for (int i = 1; i <= height; ++i)
				ret[i] = nextChars(around);
			Arrays.fill(ret[0] = new char[ret[1].length], around);
			Arrays.fill(ret[ret.length - 1] = new char[ret[0].length], around);
			return ret;
		}
		
		public final String next() {
			if (outFlush) {
				outFlush = false;
				flush();
			}
			if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			do
				sb.append(nextChar());
			while (hasNextByte() && isPrintableChar(buffer[read]));
			return sb.toString();
		}
		
		public final String nextLine() {
			if (outFlush) {
				outFlush = false;
				flush();
			}
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			while (!readNewLine())
				sb.append(nextChar());
			return sb.toString();
		}
		
		public final long nextLong() {
			if (outFlush) {
				outFlush = false;
				flush();
			}
			if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
			long n = 0;
			try {
				byte b = readByte();
				if (b == '-') {
					while (isNumber(b = readByte()))
						n = n * 10 + '0' - b;
					return n;
				} else if (!isNumber(b)) throw new NumberFormatException();
				do
					n = n * 10 + b - '0';
				while (isNumber(b = readByte()));
				return n;
			} catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
				return n;
			}
		}
		
		public final int nextInt() {
			if (outFlush) {
				outFlush = false;
				flush();
			}
			if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
			int n = 0;
			try {
				byte b = readByte();
				if (b == '-') {
					while (isNumber(b = readByte()))
						n = n * 10 + '0' - b;
					return n;
				} else if (!isNumber(b)) throw new NumberFormatException();
				do
					n = n * 10 + b - '0';
				while (isNumber(b = readByte()));
				return n;
			} catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
				return n;
			}
		}
		
		public final double nextDouble() {
			return Double.parseDouble(next());
		}
		
		public final int[] nextInt(int width) {
			int[] ret = new int[width];
			for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i)
				ret[i] = nextInt();
			return ret;
		}
		
		public final int[] nextInts() {
			return nextInts(" ");
		}
		
		public final int[] nextInts(String parse) {
			String[] get = nextLine().split(parse);
			int[] ret = new int[get.length];
			for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; ++i)
				ret[i] = Integer.valueOf(get[i]);
			return ret;
		}
		
		public final long[] nextLong(int width) {
			long[] ret = new long[width];
			for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i)
				ret[i] = nextLong();
			return ret;
		}
		
		public final long[] nextLongs() {
			return nextLongs(" ");
		}
		
		public final long[] nextLongs(String parse) {
			String[] get = nextLine().split(parse);
			long[] ret = new long[get.length];
			for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; ++i)
				ret[i] = Long.valueOf(get[i]);
			return ret;
		}
		
		public final int[][] nextInt(int width, int height) {
			int[][] ret = new int[height][width];
			for (int i = 0, j; i < height; ++i)
				for (j = 0; j < width; ++j)
					ret[i][j] = nextInt();
			return ret;
		}
		
		public final long[][] nextLong(int width, int height) {
			long[][] ret = new long[height][width];
			for (int i = 0, j; i < height; ++i)
				for (j = 0; j < width; ++j)
					ret[j][i] = nextLong();
			return ret;
		}
		
		public final boolean[] nextBoolean(char T) {
			char[] s = next().toCharArray();
			boolean[] ret = new boolean[s.length];
			for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; ++i)
				ret[i] = s[i] == T;
			return ret;
		}
		
		public final boolean[][] nextBoolean(char T, int height) {
			boolean[][] ret = new boolean[height][];
			for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; ++i) {
				char[] s = next().toCharArray();
				ret[i] = new boolean[s.length];
				for (int j = 0; j < ret[i].length; ++j)
					ret[i][j] = s[j] == T;
			}
			return ret;
		}
		
		public final Point nextPoint() {
			return new Point(nextInt(), nextInt());
		}
		
		public final Point[] nextPoint(int width) {
			Point[] ret = new Point[width];
			for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i)
				ret[i] = nextPoint();
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
			try {
				super.finalize();
			} finally {
				in.close();
				out.close();
				err.close();
			}
		}
		
		public final boolean print(boolean b) {
			out.print(b);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return b;
		}
		
		public final Object print(boolean b, Object t, Object f) {
			return b ? print(t) : print(f);
		}
		
		public final char print(char c) {
			out.print(c);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return c;
		}
		
		public final char[] print(char[] s) {
			out.print(s);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return s;
		}
		
		public final double print(double d) {
			out.print(d);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return d;
		}
		
		public final double print(double d, int length) {
			if (d < 0) {
				out.print('-');
				d = -d;
			}
			d += Math.pow(10, -length) / 2;
			out.print((long)d);
			out.print('.');
			d -= (long)d;
			for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
				d *= 10;
				out.print((int)d);
				d -= (int)d;
			}
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return d;
		}
		
		public final float print(float f) {
			out.print(f);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return f;
		}
		
		public final int print(int i) {
			out.print(i);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return i;
		}
		
		public final long print(long l) {
			out.print(l);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return l;
		}
		
		public final Object print(Object obj) {
			if (obj != null && obj.getClass().isArray()) {
				if (obj instanceof boolean[][]) print(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof byte[][]) print(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof short[][]) print(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof int[][]) print(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof long[][]) print(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof float[][]) print(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof double[][]) print(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof char[][]) print(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof Object[][]) print(obj, "\n", " ");
				else print(obj, " ");
			} else {
				out.print(obj);
				if (autoFlush) flush();
				else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			}
			return obj;
		}
		
		public final String print(String s) {
			out.print(s);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return s;
		}
		
		public final Object print(Object array, String... parse) {
			print(array, 0, parse);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return array;
		}
		
		private final Object print(Object array, int check, String... parse) {
			if (check >= parse.length) {
				if (array != null && array.getClass().isArray()) throw new IllegalArgumentException("not equal dimension");
				print(array);
				return array;
			}
			String str = parse[check];
			if (array instanceof Object[]) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				print(obj[0], check + 1, parse);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					print(str);
					print(obj[i], check + 1, parse);
				}
				return array;
			}
			if (array instanceof Collection) {
				Iterator<?> iter = ((Collection<?>)array).iterator();
				if (!iter.hasNext()) return array;
				print(iter.next(), check + 1, parse);
				while (iter.hasNext()) {
					print(str);
					print(iter.next(), check + 1, parse);
				}
				return array;
			}
			if (!array.getClass().isArray()) throw new IllegalArgumentException("not equal dimension");
			if (check != parse.length - 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("not equal dimension");
			if (array instanceof boolean[]) {
				boolean[] obj = (boolean[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				print(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					print(str);
					print(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof byte[]) {
				byte[] obj = (byte[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				print(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					print(str);
					print(obj[i]);
				}
				return array;
			} else if (array instanceof short[]) {
				short[] obj = (short[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				print(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					print(str);
					print(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof int[]) {
				int[] obj = (int[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				print(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					print(str);
					print(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof long[]) {
				long[] obj = (long[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				print(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					print(str);
					print(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof float[]) {
				float[] obj = (float[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				print(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					print(str);
					print(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof double[]) {
				double[] obj = (double[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				print(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					print(str);
					print(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof char[]) {
				char[] obj = (char[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				print(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					print(str);
					print(obj[i]);
				}
			} else throw new AssertionError();
			return array;
		}
		
		public final Object[] print(String parse, Object... args) {
			print(args[0]);
			for (int i = 1; i < args.length; ++i) {
				print(parse);
				print(args[i]);
			}
			return args;
		}
		
		public final Object[] printf(String format, Object... args) {
			out.printf(format, args);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return args;
		}
		
		public final Object printf(Locale l, String format, Object... args) {
			out.printf(l, format, args);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return args;
		}
		
		public final void println() {
			out.println();
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
		}
		
		public final boolean println(boolean b) {
			out.println(b);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return b;
		}
		
		public final Object println(boolean b, Object t, Object f) {
			return b ? println(t) : println(f);
		}
		
		public final char println(char c) {
			out.println(c);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return c;
		}
		
		public final char[] println(char[] s) {
			out.println(s);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return s;
		}
		
		public final double println(double d) {
			out.println(d);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return d;
		}
		
		public final double println(double d, int length) {
			print(d, length);
			println();
			return d;
		}
		
		public final float println(float f) {
			out.println(f);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return f;
		}
		
		public final int println(int i) {
			out.println(i);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return i;
		}
		
		public final long println(long l) {
			out.println(l);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return l;
		}
		
		public final Object println(Object obj) {
			print(obj);
			println();
			return obj;
		}
		
		public final String println(String s) {
			out.println(s);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return s;
		}
		
		public final Object println(Object array, String... parse) {
			print(array, parse);
			println();
			return array;
		}
		
		public final boolean debug(boolean b) {
			err.print(b);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return b;
		}
		
		public final Object debug(boolean b, Object t, Object f) {
			return b ? debug(t) : debug(f);
		}
		
		public final char debug(char c) {
			err.print(c);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return c;
		}
		
		public final char[] debug(char[] s) {
			err.print(s);
			return s;
		}
		
		public final double debug(double d) {
			err.print(d);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return d;
		}
		
		public final double debug(double d, int length) {
			if (d < 0) {
				err.print('-');
				d = -d;
			}
			d += Math.pow(10, -length) / 2;
			err.print((long)d);
			err.print('.');
			d -= (long)d;
			for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
				d *= 10;
				err.print((int)d);
				d -= (int)d;
			}
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return d;
		}
		
		public final float debug(float f) {
			err.print(f);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return f;
		}
		
		public final int debug(int i) {
			err.print(i);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return i;
		}
		
		public final long debug(long l) {
			err.print(l);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return l;
		}
		
		public final Object debug(Object obj) {
			if (obj != null && obj.getClass().isArray()) {
				if (obj instanceof boolean[][]) debug(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof byte[][]) debug(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof short[][]) debug(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof int[][]) debug(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof long[][]) debug(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof float[][]) debug(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof double[][]) debug(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof char[][]) debug(obj, "\n", " ");
				else if (obj instanceof Object[][]) debug(obj, "\n", " ");
				else debug(obj, " ");
			} else {
				err.print(obj);
				if (autoFlush) flush();
				else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			}
			return obj;
		}
		
		public final String debug(String s) {
			err.print(s);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return s;
		}
		
		public final Object debug(Object array, String... parse) {
			debug(array, 0, parse);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return array;
		}
		
		private final Object debug(Object array, int check, String... parse) {
			if (check >= parse.length) {
				if (array != null && array.getClass().isArray()) throw new IllegalArgumentException("not equal dimension");
				debug(array);
				return array;
			}
			String str = parse[check];
			if (array instanceof Object[]) {
				Object[] obj = (Object[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				debug(obj[0], check + 1, parse);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					debug(str);
					debug(obj[i], check + 1, parse);
				}
				return array;
			}
			if (array instanceof Collection) {
				Iterator<?> iter = ((Collection<?>)array).iterator();
				if (!iter.hasNext()) return array;
				debug(iter.next(), check + 1, parse);
				while (iter.hasNext()) {
					debug(str);
					debug(iter.next(), check + 1, parse);
				}
				return array;
			}
			if (!array.getClass().isArray()) throw new IllegalArgumentException("not equal dimension");
			if (check != parse.length - 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("not equal dimension");
			if (array instanceof boolean[]) {
				boolean[] obj = (boolean[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				debug(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					debug(str);
					debug(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof byte[]) {
				byte[] obj = (byte[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				debug(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					debug(str);
					debug(obj[i]);
				}
				return array;
			} else if (array instanceof short[]) {
				short[] obj = (short[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				debug(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					debug(str);
					debug(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof int[]) {
				int[] obj = (int[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				debug(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					debug(str);
					debug(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof long[]) {
				long[] obj = (long[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				debug(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					debug(str);
					debug(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof float[]) {
				float[] obj = (float[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				debug(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					debug(str);
					debug(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof double[]) {
				double[] obj = (double[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				debug(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					debug(str);
					debug(obj[i]);
				}
			} else if (array instanceof char[]) {
				char[] obj = (char[])array;
				if (obj.length == 0) return array;
				debug(obj[0]);
				for (int i = 1; i < obj.length; ++i) {
					debug(str);
					debug(obj[i]);
				}
			} else throw new AssertionError();
			return array;
		}
		
		public final Object[] debug(String parse, Object... args) {
			debug(args[0]);
			for (int i = 1; i < args.length; ++i) {
				debug(parse);
				debug(args[i]);
			}
			return args;
		}
		
		public final Object[] debugf(String format, Object... args) {
			err.printf(format, args);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return args;
		}
		
		public final Object debugf(Locale l, String format, Object... args) {
			err.printf(l, format, args);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return args;
		}
		
		public final void debugln() {
			err.println();
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
		}
		
		public final boolean debugln(boolean b) {
			err.println(b);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return b;
		}
		
		public final Object debugln(boolean b, Object t, Object f) {
			return b ? debugln(t) : debugln(f);
		}
		
		public final char debugln(char c) {
			err.println(c);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return c;
		}
		
		public final char[] debugln(char[] s) {
			err.println(s);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return s;
		}
		
		public final double debugln(double d) {
			err.println(d);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return d;
		}
		
		public final double debugln(double d, int length) {
			debug(d, length);
			debugln();
			return d;
		}
		
		public final float debugln(float f) {
			err.println(f);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return f;
		}
		
		public final int debugln(int i) {
			err.println(i);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return i;
		}
		
		public final long debugln(long l) {
			err.println(l);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return l;
		}
		
		public final Object debugln(Object obj) {
			debug(obj);
			debugln();
			return obj;
		}
		
		public final String debugln(String s) {
			err.println(s);
			if (autoFlush) flush();
			else outFlush = autoOutFlush;
			return s;
		}
		
		public final Object debugln(Object array, String... parse) {
			debug(array, parse);
			debugln();
			return array;
		}
		
		public final void flush() {
			out.flush();
			err.flush();
			outFlush = false;
		}
		
		@Override
		public final void close() {
			out.close();
			err.close();
		}
	}
	
	public enum BoundType {
		CLOSED, OPEN;
	}
	
	public static class Range<C> implements Serializable {
		
		private static final long serialVersionUID = -4702828934863023392L;
		protected C lower;
		protected C upper;
		protected BoundType lowerType;
		protected BoundType upperType;
		private Comparator<? super C> comparator;
		
		protected Range(C lower, BoundType lowerType, C upper, BoundType upperType) {
			this(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType, null);
		}
		
		protected Range(C lower, BoundType lowerType, C upper, BoundType upperType, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			this.lower = lower;
			this.upper = upper;
			this.lowerType = lowerType;
			this.upperType = upperType;
			this.comparator = comparator;
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> range(C lower, BoundType lowerType, C upper, BoundType upperType) {
			if (lower != null && upper != null) {
				int comp = lower.compareTo(upper);
				if (comp > 0) return new Range<C>(null, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED);
				else if (comp == 0 && (lowerType == BoundType.OPEN || upperType == BoundType.OPEN)) return new Range<C>(null,
						BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED);
			}
			return new Range<C>(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> range(C lower, BoundType lowerType, C upper, BoundType upperType, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			if (lower != null && upper != null) {
				int comp = comparator.compare(lower, upper);
				if (comp > 0) return new Range<C>(null, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED, comparator);
				else if (comp == 0 && (lowerType == BoundType.OPEN || upperType == BoundType.OPEN)) return new Range<C>(null,
						BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED, comparator);
			}
			return new Range<C>(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> all() {
			return range((C)null, BoundType.OPEN, null, BoundType.OPEN);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> all(Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range((C)null, BoundType.OPEN, null, BoundType.OPEN, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> atMost(C upper) {
			return range(null, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> atMost(C upper, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range(null, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.CLOSED, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> lessThan(C upper) {
			return range(null, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.OPEN);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> lessThan(C upper, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range(null, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.OPEN, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> downTo(C upper, BoundType boundType) {
			return range(null, BoundType.OPEN, upper, boundType);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> downTo(C upper, BoundType boundType, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range(null, BoundType.OPEN, upper, boundType, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> atLeast(C lower) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.OPEN);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> atLeast(C lower, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.OPEN, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> greaterThan(C lower) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.OPEN, null, BoundType.OPEN);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> greaterThan(C lower, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.OPEN, null, BoundType.OPEN, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> upTo(C lower, BoundType boundType) {
			return range(lower, boundType, null, BoundType.OPEN);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> upTo(C lower, BoundType boundType, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range(lower, boundType, null, BoundType.OPEN, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> open(C lower, C upper) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.OPEN);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> open(C lower, C upper, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.OPEN, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> openClosed(C lower, C upper) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> openClosed(C lower, C upper, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.CLOSED, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> closedOpen(C lower, C upper) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.OPEN);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> closedOpen(C lower, C upper, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.OPEN, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> closed(C lower, C upper) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> closed(C lower, C upper, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> singleton(C value) {
			return range(value, BoundType.CLOSED, value, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> singleton(C value, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range(value, BoundType.CLOSED, value, BoundType.CLOSED, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> empty() {
			return range((C)null, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> empty(Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			return range((C)null, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED, comparator);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> Range<C> encloseAll(Iterable<C> values) {
			C lower = values.iterator().next();
			C upper = lower;
			for (C i : values) {
				if (lower.compareTo(i) > 0) lower = i;
				if (upper.compareTo(i) < 0) upper = i;
			}
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		public static <C> Range<C> encloseAll(Iterable<C> values, Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
			C lower = values.iterator().next();
			C upper = lower;
			for (C i : values) {
				if (comparator.compare(lower, i) > 0) lower = i;
				if (comparator.compare(upper, i) < 0) upper = i;
			}
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED, comparator);
		}
		
		protected int compareLower(C value) {
			return compareLower(value, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		protected int compareLower(C value, BoundType boundType) {
			return compareLower(lower, lowerType, value, boundType);
		}
		
		protected int compareLower(C lower, BoundType lowerType, C value) {
			return compareLower(lower, lowerType, value, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		protected int compareLower(C lower, BoundType lowerType, C value, BoundType boundType) {
			if (lower == null) return value == null ? 0 : -1;
			else if (value == null) return 1;
			int compare;
			if (comparator == null) {
				@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
				Comparable<C> comp = (Comparable<C>)lower;
				compare = comp.compareTo(value);
			} else compare = comparator.compare(lower, value);
			if (compare == 0) {
				if (lowerType == BoundType.CLOSED) --compare;
				if (boundType == BoundType.CLOSED) ++compare;
			}
			return compare;
		}
		
		protected int compareUpper(C value) {
			return compareUpper(value, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		protected int compareUpper(C value, BoundType boundType) {
			return compareUpper(upper, upperType, value, boundType);
		}
		
		protected int compareUpper(C upper, BoundType upperType, C value) {
			return compareUpper(upper, upperType, value, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		protected int compareUpper(C upper, BoundType upperType, C value, BoundType boundType) {
			if (upper == null) return value == null ? 0 : 1;
			if (value == null) return -1;
			int compare;
			if (comparator == null) {
				@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
				Comparable<C> comp = (Comparable<C>)upper;
				compare = comp.compareTo(value);
			} else compare = comparator.compare(upper, value);
			if (compare == 0) {
				if (upperType == BoundType.CLOSED) ++compare;
				if (boundType == BoundType.CLOSED) --compare;
			}
			return compare;
		}
		
		public boolean hasLowerBound() {
			return lower != null;
		}
		
		public C lowerEndpoint() {
			if (hasLowerBound()) return lower;
			throw new IllegalStateException();
		}
		
		public BoundType lowerBoundType() {
			if (hasLowerBound()) return lowerType;
			throw new IllegalStateException();
		}
		
		public boolean hasUpperBound() {
			return upper != null;
		}
		
		public C upperEndpoint() {
			if (hasUpperBound()) return upper;
			throw new IllegalStateException();
		}
		
		public BoundType upperBoundType() {
			if (hasUpperBound()) return upperType;
			throw new IllegalStateException();
		}
		
		/**
		 * この区間が空集合か判定します。
		 * 
		 * @return 空集合ならばtrue
		 */
		public boolean isEmpty() {
			return lower == null && upper == null && lowerType == BoundType.CLOSED;
		}
		
		/**
		 * 与えられた引数が区間の左側に位置するか判定します。<br>
		 * 接する場合は区間の左側ではないと判定します。
		 * 
		 * @param value 調べる引数
		 * @return 区間の左側に位置するならtrue
		 */
		public boolean isLess(C value) {
			return isLess(value, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		protected boolean isLess(C value, BoundType boundType) {
			return compareLower(value, boundType) > 0;
		}
		
		/**
		 * 与えられた引数が区間の右側に位置するか判定します。<br>
		 * 接する場合は区間の右側ではないと判定します。
		 * 
		 * @param value 調べる引数
		 * @return 区間の右側に位置するならtrue
		 */
		public boolean isGreater(C value) {
			return isGreater(value, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		private boolean isGreater(C value, BoundType boundType) {
			return compareUpper(value, boundType) < 0;
		}
		
		/**
		 * 与えられた引数が区間内に位置するか判定します。<br>
		 * 接する場合も区間内に位置すると判定します。
		 * 
		 * @param value 調べる引数
		 * @return 区間内に位置するならtrue
		 */
		public boolean contains(C value) {
			return !isLess(value) && !isGreater(value) && !isEmpty();
		}
		
		/**
		 * 与えられた引数すべてが区間内に位置するか判定します。<br>
		 * 接する場合も区間内に位置すると判定します。
		 * 
		 * @param value 調べる要素
		 * @return 全ての要素が区間内に位置するならtrue
		 */
		public boolean containsAll(Iterable<? extends C> values) {
			for (C i : values)
				if (!contains(i)) return false;
			return true;
		}
		
		/**
		 * 与えられた区間がこの区間に内包されるか判定します。<br>
		 *
		 * @param other
		 * @return 与えられた区間がこの区間に内包されるならtrue
		 */
		public boolean encloses(Range<C> other) {
			return !isLess(other.lower, other.lowerType) && !isGreater(other.upper, other.upperType);
		}
		
		/**
		 * 与えられた区間がこの区間と公差するか判定します。<br>
		 * 接する場合は公差するものとします。
		 * 
		 * @param value 調べる引数
		 * @return 区間が交差するならtrue
		 */
		public boolean isConnected(Range<C> other) {
			if (this.isEmpty() || other.isEmpty()) return false;
			C lower, upper;
			BoundType lowerType, upperType;
			if (isLess(other.lower, other.lowerType)) {
				lower = other.lower;
				lowerType = other.lowerType;
			} else {
				lower = this.lower;
				lowerType = this.lowerType;
			}
			if (isGreater(other.upper, other.upperType)) {
				upper = other.upper;
				upperType = other.upperType;
			} else {
				upper = this.upper;
				upperType = this.upperType;
			}
			if (lower == null || upper == null) return true;
			int comp = compareLower(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType);
			return comp <= 0;
		}
		
		/**
		 * この区間との積集合を返します。
		 * 
		 * @param connectedRange 積集合を求める区間
		 * @return 積集合
		 */
		public Range<C> intersection(Range<C> connectedRange) {
			if (this.isEmpty() || connectedRange.isEmpty()) {
				if (comparator == null) return new Range<C>(null, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED);
				return empty(comparator);
			}
			C lower, upper;
			BoundType lowerType, upperType;
			if (isLess(connectedRange.lower, connectedRange.lowerType)) {
				lower = connectedRange.lower;
				lowerType = connectedRange.lowerType;
			} else {
				lower = this.lower;
				lowerType = this.lowerType;
			}
			if (isGreater(connectedRange.upper, connectedRange.upperType)) {
				upper = connectedRange.upper;
				upperType = connectedRange.upperType;
			} else {
				upper = this.upper;
				upperType = this.upperType;
			}
			if (comparator == null) { return new Range<C>(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType); }
			return range(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType, comparator);
		}
		
		/**
		 * この区間との和集合を返します。
		 * 
		 * @param other 和集合を求める区間
		 * @return 和集合
		 */
		public Range<C> span(Range<C> other) {
			if (other.isEmpty()) return new Range<C>(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType);
			C lower, upper;
			BoundType lowerType, upperType;
			if (isLess(other.lower, other.lowerType)) {
				lower = this.lower;
				lowerType = this.lowerType;
			} else {
				lower = other.lower;
				lowerType = other.lowerType;
			}
			if (isGreater(other.upper, other.upperType)) {
				upper = this.upper;
				upperType = this.upperType;
			} else {
				upper = other.upper;
				upperType = other.upperType;
			}
			return new Range<C>(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType, comparator);
		}
		
		/**
		 * 区間スケジューリングを行います。<br>
		 * 計算量は要素数Nに対してO(NlogN)です。
		 * 
		 * @param ranges 区間の集合
		 * @return 区間スケジューリングを行った際の一つの解
		 */
		public static <C> List<Range<C>> scheduling(List<Range<C>> ranges) {
			PriorityQueue<Range<C>> pq = new PriorityQueue<Range<C>>((l, r) -> l.compareUpper(r.upper, r.upperType));
			List<Range<C>> ret = new ArrayList<>();
			Range<C> last = pq.poll();
			if (pq.isEmpty()) return ret;
			ret.add(last);
			while (!pq.isEmpty()) {
				Range<C> tmp = pq.poll();
				if (tmp.compareLower(last.upper, last.upperType) > 0) {
					ret.add(tmp);
					last = tmp;
				}
			}
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object object) {
			if (this == object) return true;
			if (object instanceof Range) {
				@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
				Range<C> comp = (Range<C>)object;
				return compareLower(comp.lower, comp.lowerType) == 0 && compareUpper(comp.upper,
						comp.upperType) == 0 && lowerType == comp.lowerType && upperType == comp.upperType;
			}
			return false;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			if (lower == null && upper == null) return 0;
			else if (lower == null) return upper.hashCode();
			else if (upper == null) return lower.hashCode();
			return lower.hashCode() ^ upper.hashCode();
		}
		
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			if (isEmpty()) return "()";
			return (lowerType == BoundType.OPEN ? "(" : "[") + (lower == null ? "" : lower
					.toString()) + ".." + (upper == null ? "" : upper.toString()) + (upperType == BoundType.OPEN ? ")" : "]");
		}
	}
	
	public static class IterableRange<C> extends Range<C> implements Iterable<C> {
		
		private static final long serialVersionUID = 9065915259748260688L;
		protected UnaryOperator<C> func;
		
		protected IterableRange(C lower, BoundType lowerType, C upper, BoundType upperType, UnaryOperator<C> func) {
			super(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType);
			this.func = func;
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> IterableRange<C> range(C lower, BoundType lowerType, C upper, BoundType upperType,
				UnaryOperator<C> func) {
			if (lower == null || upper == null) return new IterableRange<C>(null, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
			int comp = lower.compareTo(upper);
			if (comp > 0) return new IterableRange<C>(null, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
			else if (comp == 0 && (lowerType == BoundType.OPEN || upperType == BoundType.OPEN)) return new IterableRange<C>(null,
					BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
			return new IterableRange<C>(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType, func);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> IterableRange<C> open(C lower, C upper, UnaryOperator<C> func) {
			if (lower == null) return new IterableRange<C>(null, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
			return range(func.apply(lower), BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.OPEN, func);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> IterableRange<C> openClosed(C lower, C upper, UnaryOperator<C> func) {
			if (lower == null) return new IterableRange<C>(null, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
			return range(func.apply(lower), BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> IterableRange<C> closedOpen(C lower, C upper, UnaryOperator<C> func) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.OPEN, func);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> IterableRange<C> closed(C lower, C upper, UnaryOperator<C> func) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
		}
		
		public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> IterableRange<C> singleton(C value, UnaryOperator<C> func) {
			return range(value, BoundType.CLOSED, value, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
		}
		
		protected class Iter implements Iterator<C> {
			
			C now;
			
			Iter() {
				now = lower;
			}
			
			@Override
			public final boolean hasNext() {
				return !isGreater(now);
			}
			
			@Override
			public final C next() {
				C ret = now;
				now = func.apply(now);
				return ret;
			}
			
			@Override
			public final void remove() {
				throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
			}
		}
		
		protected class EmptyIter implements Iterator<C> {
			
			@Override
			public boolean hasNext() {
				return false;
			}
			
			@Override
			public C next() {
				return null;
			}
			
			@Override
			public final void remove() {
				throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
			}
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public Iterator<C> iterator() {
			return lower == null || upper == null ? new EmptyIter() : new Iter();
		}
		
		public int getDistance() {
			C check = upper;
			int ret = 0;
			while (lower != check) {
				check = func.apply(check);
				++ret;
			}
			return ret;
		}
	}
	
	public static class IntRange extends IterableRange<Integer> {
		
		private static final long serialVersionUID = 5623995336491967216L;
		private final boolean useFastIter;
		
		private static class Next implements UnaryOperator<Integer> {
			
			@Override
			public Integer apply(Integer value) {
				return value + 1;
			}
		}
		
		protected IntRange() {
			super(null, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED, new Next());
			useFastIter = true;
		}
		
		protected IntRange(UnaryOperator<Integer> func) {
			super(null, BoundType.CLOSED, null, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
			useFastIter = false;
		}
		
		protected IntRange(int lower, BoundType lowerType, int upper, BoundType upperType) {
			super(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType, new Next());
			useFastIter = true;
		}
		
		protected IntRange(int lower, BoundType lowerType, int upper, BoundType upperType, UnaryOperator<Integer> func) {
			super(lower, lowerType, upper, upperType, func);
			useFastIter = false;
		}
		
		public static IntRange range(int lower, BoundType lowerType, int upper, BoundType upperType) {
			if (lower > upper) return new IntRange();
			if (lowerType == BoundType.OPEN) ++lower;
			if (upperType == BoundType.OPEN) --upper;
			return new IntRange(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		public static IntRange range(int lower, BoundType lowerType, int upper, BoundType upperType, UnaryOperator<Integer> func) {
			if (lower > upper) return new IntRange(func);
			if (lowerType == BoundType.OPEN) ++lower;
			if (upperType == BoundType.OPEN) --upper;
			return new IntRange(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
		}
		
		public static IntRange open(int lower, int upper) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.OPEN);
		}
		
		public static IntRange open(int lower, int upper, UnaryOperator<Integer> func) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.OPEN, func);
		}
		
		public static IntRange open(int upper) {
			return range(0, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.OPEN);
		}
		
		public static IntRange open(int upper, UnaryOperator<Integer> func) {
			return range(0, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.OPEN, func);
		}
		
		public static IntRange openClosed(int lower, int upper) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		public static IntRange openClosed(int lower, int upper, UnaryOperator<Integer> func) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.OPEN, upper, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
		}
		
		public static IntRange closedOpen(int lower, int upper) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.OPEN);
		}
		
		public static IntRange closedOpen(int lower, int upper, UnaryOperator<Integer> func) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.OPEN, func);
		}
		
		public static IntRange closed(int lower, int upper) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		public static IntRange closed(int lower, int upper, UnaryOperator<Integer> func) {
			return range(lower, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
		}
		
		public static IntRange closed(int upper) {
			return range(0, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		public static IntRange closed(int upper, UnaryOperator<Integer> func) {
			return range(0, BoundType.CLOSED, upper, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
		}
		
		public static IntRange singleton(int value) {
			return range(value, BoundType.CLOSED, value, BoundType.CLOSED);
		}
		
		public static IntRange singleton(int value, UnaryOperator<Integer> func) {
			return range(value, BoundType.CLOSED, value, BoundType.CLOSED, func);
		}
		
		private class FastIter implements Iterator<Integer> {
			
			int now;
			
			public FastIter() {
				now = lower;
			}
			
			@Override
			public final boolean hasNext() {
				return now <= upper;
			}
			
			@Override
			public final Integer next() {
				return now++ ;
			}
			
			@Override
			public final void remove() {
				throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
			}
		}
		
		private class Iter implements Iterator<Integer> {
			
			int now;
			
			public Iter() {
				now = lower;
			}
			
			@Override
			public final boolean hasNext() {
				return now <= upper;
			}
			
			@Override
			public final Integer next() {
				int ret = now;
				now = func.apply(now);
				return ret;
			}
			
			@Override
			public final void remove() {
				throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
			}
		}
		
		@Override
		public Iterator<Integer> iterator() {
			return lower == null || upper == null ? new EmptyIter() : useFastIter ? new FastIter() : new Iter();
		}
		
		@Override
		public int getDistance() {
			int ret = upper - lower;
			if (upperType == BoundType.CLOSED) ++ret;
			return ret;
		}
		
		public int getClosedLower() {
			return lower;
		}
		
		public int getOpenLower() {
			return lower - 1;
		}
		
		public int getClosedUpper() {
			return upperType == BoundType.CLOSED ? upper : upper - 1;
		}
		
		public int getOpenUpper() {
			return upperType == BoundType.CLOSED ? upper + 1 : upper;
		}
		
		/**
		 * 区間スケジューリングを行います。<br>
		 * 計算量は要素数Nに対してO(NlogN)です。
		 * 
		 * @param ranges 区間の集合
		 * @return 区間スケジューリングを行った際の一つの解
		 */
		public static List<IntRange> intScheduling(List<IntRange> ranges) {
			PriorityQueue<IntRange> pq = new PriorityQueue<IntRange>((l, r) -> l.compareUpper(r.upper, r.upperType));
			pq.addAll(ranges);
			List<IntRange> ret = new ArrayList<>();
			if (pq.isEmpty()) return ret;
			IntRange last = pq.poll();
			ret.add(last);
			while (!pq.isEmpty()) {
				IntRange tmp = pq.poll();
				if (tmp.compareLower(last.upper, last.upperType) > 0) {
					ret.add(tmp);
					last = tmp;
				}
			}
			return ret;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が結合法則を満たすことを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 */
	public interface Associative<T> extends BinaryOperator<T> {
		
		/**
		 * repeat個のelementを順次演算した値を返します。
		 * 
		 * @param element 演算する値
		 * @param repeat  繰り返す回数、1以上であること
		 * @return 演算を+として、element + element + ... + elementと演算をrepeat-1回行った値
		 */
		public default T hyper(T element, int repeat) {
			if (repeat < 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("undefined operation");
			T ret = element;
			--repeat;
			for (T mul = element; repeat > 0; repeat >>= 1, mul = apply(mul, mul))
				if ((repeat & 1) != 0) ret = apply(ret, mul);
			return ret;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * この演算が逆元を持つことを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 */
	public interface Inverse<T> extends BinaryOperator<T> {
		
		public T inverse(T element);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が交換法則を満たすことを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 */
	public interface Commutative<T> extends BinaryOperator<T> {
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が単位元を持つことを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 */
	public interface Identity<T> extends BinaryOperator<T> {
		
		/**
		 * 単位元を返します。
		 * 
		 * @return 単位元
		 */
		public T identity();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が群であることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 */
	public interface Group<T> extends Monoid<T>, Inverse<T> {
		
		/**
		 * repeat個のelementを順次演算した値を返します。
		 * 
		 * @param element 演算する値
		 * @param repeat  繰り返す回数
		 * @return 演算を+として、element + element + ... + elementと演算をrepeat-1回行った値
		 */
		@Override
		public default T hyper(T element, int repeat) {
			T ret = identity();
			if (repeat < 0) {
				repeat = -repeat;
				for (T mul = element; repeat > 0; repeat >>= 1, mul = apply(mul, mul))
					if ((repeat & 1) != 0) ret = apply(ret, mul);
				return inverse(ret);
			}
			for (T mul = element; repeat > 0; repeat >>= 1, mul = apply(mul, mul))
				if ((repeat & 1) != 0) ret = apply(ret, mul);
			return ret;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算がモノイドであることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 */
	public interface Monoid<T> extends Associative<T>, Identity<T> {
		
		/**
		 * repeat個のelementを順次演算した値を返します。
		 * 
		 * @param element 演算する値
		 * @param repeat  繰り返す回数、0以上であること
		 * @return 演算を+として、element + element + ... + elementと演算をrepeat-1回行った値
		 */
		@Override
		public default T hyper(T element, int repeat) {
			if (repeat < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("undefined operation");
			T ret = identity();
			for (T mul = element; repeat > 0; repeat >>= 1, mul = apply(mul, mul))
				if ((repeat & 1) != 0) ret = apply(ret, mul);
			return ret;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が可換モノイドであることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 */
	public interface CommutativeMonoid<T> extends Monoid<T>, Commutative<T> {
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算がアーベル群(可換群)であることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 */
	public interface Abelian<T> extends Group<T>, CommutativeMonoid<T> {
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が半環であることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 * @param <A> 和に関する演算
	 * @param <M> 積に関する演算
	 */
	public interface Semiring<T, A extends CommutativeMonoid<T>, M extends Monoid<T>> {
		
		public A getAddition();
		
		public M getMultiplication();
		
		public default T add(T left, T right) {
			return getAddition().apply(left, right);
		}
		
		public default T multiply(T left, T right) {
			return getMultiplication().apply(left, right);
		}
		
		public default T additiveIdentity() {
			return getAddition().identity();
		}
		
		public default T multipleIdentity() {
			return getMultiplication().identity();
		}
		
		public default int characteristic() {
			return 0;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が環であることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 * @param <A> 和に関する演算
	 * @param <M> 積に関する演算
	 */
	public interface Ring<T, A extends Abelian<T>, M extends Monoid<T>> extends Semiring<T, A, M> {
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が可換環に属することを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 * @param <A> 和に関する演算
	 * @param <M> 積に関する演算
	 */
	public interface CommutativeRing<T, A extends Abelian<T>, M extends CommutativeMonoid<T>> extends Ring<T, A, M> {
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が整域であることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 * @param <A> 和に関する演算
	 * @param <M> 積に関する演算
	 */
	public interface IntegralDomain<T, A extends Abelian<T>, M extends CommutativeMonoid<T>> extends CommutativeRing<T, A, M> {
		
		public boolean isDivisible(T left, T right);
		
		public T divide(T left, T right);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が整閉整域であることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 * @param <A> 和に関する演算
	 * @param <M> 積に関する演算
	 */
	public interface IntegrallyClosedDomain<T, A extends Abelian<T>, M extends CommutativeMonoid<T>> extends IntegralDomain<T, A, M> {
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算がGCD整域であることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 * @param <A> 和に関する演算
	 * @param <M> 積に関する演算
	 */
	public interface GCDDomain<T, A extends Abelian<T>, M extends CommutativeMonoid<T>> extends IntegrallyClosedDomain<T, A, M> {
		
		public T gcd(T left, T right);
		
		public T lcm(T left, T right);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 素元を提供します。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 演算の型
	 */
	public static class PrimeElement<T> {
		
		public final T element;
		
		public PrimeElement(T element) {
			this.element = element;
		}
	}
	
	public interface MultiSet<E> extends Collection<E> {
		
		public int add(E element, int occurrences);
		
		public int count(Object element);
		
		public Set<E> elementSet();
		
		public boolean remove(Object element, int occurrences);
		
		public int setCount(E element, int count);
		
		public boolean setCount(E element, int oldCount, int newCount);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が一意分解整域であることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 * @param <A> 和に関する演算
	 * @param <M> 積に関する演算
	 */
	public interface UniqueFactorizationDomain<T, A extends Abelian<T>, M extends CommutativeMonoid<T>> extends GCDDomain<T, A, M> {
		
		public MultiSet<PrimeElement<T>> PrimeFactorization(T x);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が主イデアル整域であることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 * @param <A> 和に関する演算
	 * @param <M> 積に関する演算
	 */
	public interface PrincipalIdealDomain<T, A extends Abelian<T>, M extends CommutativeMonoid<T>> extends UniqueFactorizationDomain<T, A, M> {
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算がユークリッド整域であることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 * @param <A> 和に関する演算
	 * @param <M> 積に関する演算
	 */
	public interface EuclideanDomain<T, A extends Abelian<T>, M extends CommutativeMonoid<T>> extends PrincipalIdealDomain<T, A, M> {
		
		public T reminder(T left, T right);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 演算が体であることを示すために使用するマーカー・インターフェースです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <T> 二項演算の型
	 * @param <A> 和に関する演算
	 * @param <M> 積に関する演算
	 */
	public interface Field<T, A extends Abelian<T>, M extends Abelian<T>> extends EuclideanDomain<T, A, M> {
		
		@Override
		public default boolean isDivisible(T left, T right) {
			return !right.equals(additiveIdentity());
		}
		
		@Override
		public default T divide(T left, T right) {
			if (isDivisible(left, right)) throw new ArithmeticException("divide by Additive Identify");
			return multiply(left, getMultiplication().inverse(right));
		}
		
		@Override
		public default T reminder(T left, T right) {
			if (isDivisible(left, right)) throw new ArithmeticException("divide by Additive Identify");
			return additiveIdentity();
		}
		
		@Override
		public default T gcd(T left, T right) {
			return multipleIdentity();
		}
		
		@Override
		public default T lcm(T left, T right) {
			return multipleIdentity();
		}
		
		@Override
		public default MultiSet<PrimeElement<T>> PrimeFactorization(T x) {
			HashMultiSet<PrimeElement<T>> ret = HashMultiSet.create(1);
			ret.add(new PrimeElement<T>(x));
			return ret;
		}
	}
	
	public static class HashMultiSet<E> implements MultiSet<E>, Serializable {
		
		private static final long serialVersionUID = -8378919645386251159L;
		private final transient HashMap<E, Integer> map;
		private transient int size;
		
		private HashMultiSet() {
			map = new HashMap<>();
			size = 0;
		}
		
		private HashMultiSet(int distinctElements) {
			map = new HashMap<>(distinctElements);
			size = 0;
		}
		
		public static <E> HashMultiSet<E> create() {
			return new HashMultiSet<>();
		}
		
		public static <E> HashMultiSet<E> create(int distinctElements) {
			return new HashMultiSet<>(distinctElements);
		}
		
		public static <E> HashMultiSet<E> create(Iterable<? extends E> elements) {
			HashMultiSet<E> ret = new HashMultiSet<>();
			for (E i : elements)
				ret.map.compute(i, (v, e) -> e == null ? 1 : ++e);
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int size() {
			return size;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean isEmpty() {
			return size == 0;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean contains(Object o) {
			return map.containsKey(o);
		}
		
		private class Iter implements Iterator<E> {
			
			private final Iterator<Entry<E, Integer>> iter = map.entrySet().iterator();
			private E value;
			private int count = 0;
			
			@Override
			public boolean hasNext() {
				if (count > 0) return true;
				if (iter.hasNext()) {
					Entry<E, Integer> entry = iter.next();
					value = entry.getKey();
					count = entry.getValue();
					return true;
				}
				return false;
			}
			
			@Override
			public E next() {
				--count;
				return value;
			}
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public Iterator<E> iterator() {
			return new Iter();
		}
		
		@Override
		public Object[] toArray() {
			Object[] ret = new Object[size];
			int read = 0;
			for (Entry<E, Integer> i : map.entrySet())
				Arrays.fill(ret, read, read += i.getValue(), i.getKey());
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
			Object[] src = toArray();
			if (a.length < src.length) {
				@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
				T[] ret = (T[])Arrays.copyOfRange(src, 0, src.length, a.getClass());
				return ret;
			}
			System.arraycopy(src, 0, a, 0, src.length);
			return a;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean add(E e) {
			add(e, 1);
			return true;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean remove(Object o) {
			return remove(o, 1);
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
			boolean ret = true;
			for (Object i : c)
				ret |= contains(i);
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
			boolean ret = false;
			for (E i : c)
				ret |= add(i);
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
			boolean ret = false;
			for (Object i : c)
				ret |= remove(i);
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
			return removeAll(c);
		}
		
		@Override
		public void clear() {
			map.clear();
			size = 0;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int add(E element, int occurrences) {
			size += occurrences;
			return map.compute(element, (k, v) -> v == null ? occurrences : v + occurrences) - occurrences;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int count(Object element) {
			return map.getOrDefault(element, 0);
		}
		
		@Override
		public Set<E> elementSet() {
			return map.keySet();
		}
		
		public Set<Entry<E, Integer>> entrySet() {
			return map.entrySet();
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean remove(Object element, int occurrences) {
			try {
				@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
				E put = (E)element;
				return map.compute(put, (k, v) -> {
					if (v == null) return null;
					if (v < occurrences) {
						size -= v;
						return null;
					}
					size -= occurrences;
					return v - occurrences;
				}) != null;
			} catch (ClassCastException E) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		
		@Override
		public int setCount(E element, int count) {
			Integer ret = map.put(element, count);
			int ret2 = ret == null ? 0 : ret;
			size += count - ret2;
			return ret2;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean setCount(E element, int oldCount, int newCount) {
			boolean ret = map.replace(element, oldCount, newCount);
			if (ret) size += newCount - oldCount;
			return ret;
		}
		
	}
	
	public static class ModInteger extends Number implements Field<ModInteger, Abelian<ModInteger>, Abelian<ModInteger>> {
		
		private static final long serialVersionUID = -8595710127161317579L;
		private final int mod;
		private int num;
		
		private final Addition add;
		private final Multiplication mul;
		
		private class Addition implements Abelian<ModInteger> {
			
			@Override
			public ModInteger identity() {
				return new ModInteger(mod, 0);
			}
			
			@Override
			public ModInteger inverse(ModInteger element) {
				return new ModInteger(element, element.mod - element.num);
			}
			
			@Override
			public ModInteger apply(ModInteger left, ModInteger right) {
				return new ModInteger(left).addEqual(right);
			}
		}
		
		private class Multiplication implements Abelian<ModInteger> {
			
			@Override
			public ModInteger identity() {
				return new ModInteger(mod, 1);
			}
			
			@Override
			public ModInteger apply(ModInteger left, ModInteger right) {
				return new ModInteger(left).multiplyEqual(right);
			}
			
			@Override
			public ModInteger inverse(ModInteger element) {
				return new ModInteger(element, element.inverse(element.num));
			}
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public int characteristic() {
			return mod;
		}
		
		public ModInteger(int mod) {
			this.mod = mod;
			num = 0;
			add = new Addition();
			mul = new Multiplication();
		}
		
		public ModInteger(int mod, int num) {
			this.mod = mod;
			this.num = validNum(num);
			add = new Addition();
			mul = new Multiplication();
		}
		
		public ModInteger(ModInteger n) {
			mod = n.mod;
			num = n.num;
			add = n.add;
			mul = n.mul;
		}
		
		private ModInteger(ModInteger n, int num) {
			mod = n.mod;
			this.num = num;
			add = n.add;
			mul = n.mul;
		}
		
		private int validNum(int n) {
			n %= mod;
			if (n < 0) n += mod;
			return n;
		}
		
		private int validNum(long n) {
			n %= mod;
			if (n < 0) n += mod;
			return (int)n;
		}
		
		protected int inverse(int n) {
			int m = mod, u = 0, v = 1, t;
			while (n != 0) {
				t = m / n;
				m -= t * n;
				u -= t * v;
				if (m != 0) {
					t = n / m;
					n -= t * m;
					v -= t * u;
				} else {
					v %= mod;
					if (v < 0) v += mod;
					return v;
				}
			}
			u %= mod;
			if (u < 0) u += mod;
			return u;
		}
		
		public boolean isPrime(int n) {
			if ((n & 1) == 0) return false; // 偶数
			for (int i = 3, j = 8, k = 9; k <= n; i += 2, k += j += 8)
				if (n % i == 0) return false;
			return true;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int intValue() {
			return num;
		}
		
		@Override
		public long longValue() {
			return num;
		}
		
		@Override
		public float floatValue() {
			return num;
		}
		
		@Override
		public double doubleValue() {
			return num;
		}
		
		protected ModInteger getNewInstance(ModInteger mod) {
			return new ModInteger(mod);
		}
		
		public ModInteger add(int n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).addEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger add(long n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).addEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger add(ModInteger n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).addEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger addEqual(int n) {
			num = validNum(num + n);
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger addEqual(long n) {
			num = validNum(num + n);
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger addEqual(ModInteger n) {
			if ((num += n.num) >= mod) num -= mod;
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger subtract(int n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).subtractEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger subtract(long n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).subtractEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger subtract(ModInteger n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).subtractEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger subtractEqual(int n) {
			num = validNum(num - n);
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger subtractEqual(long n) {
			num = validNum(num - n);
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger subtractEqual(ModInteger n) {
			if ((num -= n.num) < 0) num += mod;
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger multiply(int n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).multiplyEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger multiply(long n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).multiplyEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger multiply(ModInteger n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).multiplyEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger multiplyEqual(int n) {
			num = (int)((long)num * n % mod);
			if (num < 0) num += mod;
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger multiplyEqual(long n) {
			return multiplyEqual((int)(n % mod));
		}
		
		public ModInteger multiplyEqual(ModInteger n) {
			num = (int)((long)num * n.num % mod);
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger divide(int n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).divideEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger divide(long n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).divideEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger divide(ModInteger n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).divideEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger divideEqual(int n) {
			num = (int)((long)num * inverse(validNum(n)) % mod);
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger divideEqual(long n) {
			return divideEqual((int)(n % mod));
		}
		
		public ModInteger divideEqual(ModInteger n) {
			num = (int)((long)num * n.inverse(n.num) % mod);
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger pow(int n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).powEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger pow(long n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).powEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger pow(ModInteger n) {
			return getNewInstance(this).powEqual(n);
		}
		
		public ModInteger powEqual(int n) {
			long ans = 1, num = this.num;
			if (n < 0) {
				n = -n;
				while (n != 0) {
					if ((n & 1) != 0) ans = ans * num % mod;
					n >>>= 1;
					num = num * num % mod;
				}
				this.num = inverse((int)ans);
				return this;
			}
			while (n != 0) {
				if ((n & 1) != 0) ans = ans * num % mod;
				n >>>= 1;
				num = num * num % mod;
			}
			this.num = (int)ans;
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger powEqual(long n) {
			return powEqual((int)(n % (mod - 1)));
		}
		
		public ModInteger powEqual(ModInteger n) {
			long num = this.num;
			this.num = 1;
			int mul = n.num;
			while (mul != 0) {
				if ((mul & 1) != 0) this.num *= num;
				mul >>>= 1;
				num *= num;
				num %= mod;
			}
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger equal(int n) {
			num = validNum(n);
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger equal(long n) {
			num = validNum(n);
			return this;
		}
		
		public ModInteger equal(ModInteger n) {
			num = n.num;
			return this;
		}
		
		public int toInt() {
			return num;
		}
		
		public int getMod() {
			return mod;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object x) {
			if (x instanceof ModInteger) return ((ModInteger)x).num == num && ((ModInteger)x).mod == mod;
			return false;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			return num ^ mod;
		}
		
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return String.valueOf(num);
		}
		
		@Deprecated
		public String debug() {
			int min = num, ans = 1;
			for (int i = 2; i < min; ++i) {
				int tmp = multiply(i).num;
				if (min > tmp) {
					min = tmp;
					ans = i;
				}
			}
			return min + "/" + ans;
		}
		
		@Override
		public Addition getAddition() {
			return add;
		}
		
		@Override
		public Multiplication getMultiplication() {
			return mul;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 素数を法とする演算上で、組み合わせの計算を高速に行います。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 */
	public static class ModUtility {
		
		private final int mod;
		private int[] fact, inv, invfact;
		
		/**
		 * modを法として、演算を行います。
		 * 
		 * @param mod 法とする素数
		 */
		public ModUtility(Prime mod) {
			this(mod, 2);
		}
		
		/**
		 * modを法として、演算を行います。
		 * 
		 * @param mod  法とする素数
		 * @param calc 予め前計算しておく大きさ
		 */
		public ModUtility(Prime mod, int calc) {
			this.mod = mod.prime;
			precalc(calc);
		}
		
		/**
		 * calcの大きさだけ、前計算を行います。
		 * 
		 * @param calc 前計算をする大きさ
		 */
		public void precalc(int calc) {
			++calc;
			if (calc < 2) calc = 2;
			if (calc > mod) calc = mod;
			fact = new int[calc];
			inv = new int[calc];
			invfact = new int[calc];
			fact[0] = invfact[0] = fact[1] = invfact[1] = inv[1] = 1;
			for (int i = 2; i < calc; ++i) {
				fact[i] = (int)((long)fact[i - 1] * i % mod);
				inv[i] = (int)(mod - (long)inv[mod % i] * (mod / i) % mod);
				invfact[i] = (int)((long)invfact[i - 1] * inv[i] % mod);
			}
		}
		
		/**
		 * modを法とする剰余環上で振舞う整数を返します。
		 * 
		 * @return modを法とする整数、初期値は0
		 */
		public ModInteger create() {
			return new ModInt();
		}
		
		/**
		 * modを法とする剰余環上で振舞う整数を返します。
		 * 
		 * @param n 初期値
		 * @return modを法とする整数
		 */
		public ModInteger create(int n) {
			return new ModInt(n);
		}
		
		private class ModInt extends ModInteger {
			
			private static final long serialVersionUID = -2435281861935422575L;
			
			public ModInt() {
				super(mod);
			}
			
			public ModInt(int n) {
				super(mod, n);
			}
			
			public ModInt(ModInteger mod) {
				super(mod);
			}
			
			@Override
			protected ModInteger getNewInstance(ModInteger mod) {
				return new ModInt(mod);
			}
			
			@Override
			protected int inverse(int n) {
				return ModUtility.this.inverse(n);
			}
		}
		
		/**
		 * modを法として、nの逆元を返します。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(log n)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 逆元を求めたい値
		 * @return 逆元
		 */
		public int inverse(int n) {
			try {
				if (inv.length > n) return inv[n];
				int m = mod, u = 0, v = 1, t;
				while (n != 0) {
					t = m / n;
					m -= t * n;
					u -= t * v;
					if (m != 0) {
						t = n / m;
						n -= t * m;
						v -= t * u;
					} else {
						v %= mod;
						if (v < 0) v += mod;
						return v;
					}
				}
				u %= mod;
				if (u < 0) u += mod;
				return u;
			} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException();
			}
		}
		
		/**
		 * n!を、modを法として求めた値を返します。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(n)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 階乗を求めたい値
		 * @return nの階乗をmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int factorial(int n) {
			try {
				if (fact.length > n) return fact[n];
				long ret = fact[fact.length - 1];
				for (int i = fact.length; i <= n; ++i)
					ret = ret * i % mod;
				return (int)ret;
			} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException();
			}
		}
		
		/**
		 * nPkをmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(n-k)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 左辺
		 * @param k 右辺
		 * @return nPkをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int permutation(int n, int k) {
			if (n < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
			if (n < k) return 0;
			if (fact.length > n) return (int)((long)fact[n] * invfact[n - k] % mod);
			long ret = 1;
			for (int i = n - k + 1; i <= n; ++i)
				ret = ret * i % mod;
			return (int)ret;
		}
		
		/**
		 * nCkをmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(min(plogn, n-k))です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 左辺
		 * @param k 右辺
		 * @return nCkをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int combination(int n, int k) {
			if (n < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
			if (n < k) return 0;
			if (fact.length > n) return (int)((long)fact[n] * invfact[k] % mod * invfact[n - k] % mod);
			long ret = 1;
			if (n >= mod) {
				if (mod == 2) return (~n & k) == 0 ? 1 : 0;
				while (n > 0) {
					ret = ret * combination(n % mod, k % mod) % mod;
					n /= mod;
					k /= mod;
				}
				return (int)ret;
			}
			if (n < 2 * k) k = n - k;
			ret = invfact.length > k ? invfact[k] : inverse(factorial(k));
			for (int i = n - k + 1; i <= n; ++i)
				ret = ret * i % mod;
			return (int)ret;
		}
		
		/**
		 * 他項係数をmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * ]
		 * 計算量はO(n)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 左辺
		 * @param k 右辺、合計がn以下である必要がある
		 * @return 他項係数
		 */
		public int multinomial(int n, int... k) {
			int sum = 0;
			long ret = factorial(n);
			if (fact.length > n) {
				for (int i : k) {
					if (i < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
					ret = ret * invfact[i] % mod;
					sum += i;
				}
				if (sum > n) return 0;
				ret = ret * invfact[n - sum] % mod;
			} else {
				for (int i : k) {
					if (i < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
					if (invfact.length > i) ret = ret * invfact[i] % mod;
					else ret = ret * inverse(factorial(i)) % mod;
					sum += i;
				}
				if (sum > n) return 0;
				if (invfact.length > n - sum) ret = ret * invfact[n - sum] % mod;
				else ret = ret * inverse(factorial(n - sum)) % mod;
			}
			return (int)ret;
		}
		
		/**
		 * n個からk個を選ぶ重複組み合わせnHkをmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(min(n, k))です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 左辺
		 * @param k 右辺
		 * @return nHkをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int multichoose(int n, int k) {
			return combination(mod(n + k - 1), k);
		}
		
		/**
		 * カタラン数C(n)をmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(n)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 求めたいカタラン数の番号
		 * @return カタラン数
		 */
		public int catalan(int n) {
			return divide(combination(mod(2 * n), n), mod(n + 1));
		}
		
		/**
		 * 第一種スターリング数S(n, k)をmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(nk)です。 // TODO NTTを使うとO(n log n)、未実装
		 * 
		 * @param n 左辺
		 * @param k 右辺
		 * @return S(n, k)をmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int firstStirling(int n, int k) {
			int[] stirling = new int[(n + 1) * (k + 1)];
			stirling[0] = 1;
			int h = k + 1;
			for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
				for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j) {
					int tmp = stirling[i * h + j] + (int)((long)i * stirling[i * h + j + 1] % mod);
					stirling[(i + 1) * h + j + 1] = tmp >= mod ? tmp - mod : tmp;
				}
			}
			return stirling[stirling.length - 1];
		}
		
		/**
		 * 第二種スターリング数S(n, k)をmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(k)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 左辺
		 * @param k 右辺
		 * @return S(n, k)をmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int secondStirling(int n, int k) {
			if (k == 0) return n == 0 ? 1 : 0;
			int[] sieve = new int[k + 1], prime = new int[k + 1];
			int size = 0;
			sieve[1] = 1;
			for (int i = 2; i <= k; ++i) {
				if (sieve[i] == 0) prime[size++ ] = sieve[i] = i;
				for (int j = 0, s; j < size && prime[j] <= sieve[i] && (s = i * prime[j]) <= k; ++j)
					sieve[s] = prime[j];
			}
			long ans = 0;
			for (int i = 1, s; i <= k; ++i) {
				long tmp = (long)combination(k, i) * (prime[i] = (s = sieve[i]) == i ? pow(i,
						n) : (int)((long)prime[s] * prime[i / s] % mod)) % mod;
				ans += (k - i & 1) != 0 ? -tmp : tmp;
			}
			return (int)((long)mod(ans) * invfact[k] % mod);
		}
		
		/**
		 * ベル数B(n, k)をmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(k)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 左辺
		 * @param k 右辺
		 * @return B(n, k)をmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int bell(int n, int k) {
			if (k == 0) return n == 0 ? 1 : 0;
			int[] sieve = new int[k + 1], prime = new int[k + 1];
			int size = 0;
			sieve[1] = 1;
			long sum = 0;
			for (int i = 2; i <= k; ++i) {
				if (sieve[i] == 0) prime[size++ ] = sieve[i] = i;
				for (int j = 0, s; j < size && prime[j] <= sieve[i] && (s = i * prime[j]) <= k; ++j)
					sieve[s] = prime[j];
				sum += (i & 1) != 0 ? -invfact[i] : invfact[i];
			}
			sum = mod(sum);
			long ans = 0;
			for (int i = 0, s; i <= k; ++i) {
				long tmp = (long)(prime[i] = (s = sieve[i]) == i ? pow(i,
						n) : (int)((long)prime[s] * prime[i / s] % mod)) * invfact[i] % mod;
				ans += tmp * sum % mod;
				if ((sum -= (k - i & 1) != 0 ? -invfact[k - i] : invfact[k - i]) < 0) sum += mod;
			}
			return mod(ans);
		}
		
		/**
		 * ベル数B(n)をmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(n)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 求めたいベル数の番号
		 * @return B(n)
		 */
		public int bell(int n) {
			return bell(n, n);
		}
		
		/**
		 * 分割数P(n, k)をmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(nk)です。 // TODO NTTを使うとO(n log n)、未実装
		 * 
		 * @param n 左辺
		 * @param k 右辺
		 * @return P(n, k)をmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int pertition(int n, int k) {
			int[] pertition = new int[(n + 1) * (k + 1)];
			pertition[0] = 1;
			int h = k + 1;
			for (int i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {
				for (int j = 1, l = Math.min(i, k); j <= l; ++j)
					pertition[i * h + j] = pertition[i * h + j - 1] + pertition[(i - j) * h + j];
				for (int j = i; j < k; ++j)
					pertition[i * h + j + 1] = pertition[i * h + j];
			}
			return pertition[n * h + k];
		}
		
		/**
		 * 分割数P(n)をmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(n sqrt(n))です。 // TODO NTTを使うとO(n log n)、未実装
		 * 
		 * @param n 求めたい分割数の番号
		 * @return P(n)
		 */
		public int pertition(int n) {
			long[] pertition = new long[n + 1];
			pertition[0] = 1;
			for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
				for (int j = 1, t; (t = i - (j * (3 * j - 1) >> 1)) >= 0; ++j) {
					pertition[i] += (j & 1) != 0 ? pertition[t] : -pertition[t];
				}
				for (int j = 1, t; (t = i - (j * (3 * j + 1) >> 1)) >= 0; ++j) {
					pertition[i] += (j & 1) != 0 ? pertition[t] : -pertition[t];
				}
				pertition[i] %= mod;
			}
			return (int)pertition[n];
		}
		
		/**
		 * nのm乗をmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(log m)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 床
		 * @param m 冪指数
		 * @return n^mをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int pow(int n, int m) {
			long ans = 1, num = n;
			if (m < 0) {
				m = -m;
				while (m != 0) {
					if ((m & 1) != 0) ans = ans * num % mod;
					m >>>= 1;
					num = num * num % mod;
				}
				return inverse((int)ans);
			}
			while (m != 0) {
				if ((m & 1) != 0) ans = ans * num % mod;
				m >>>= 1;
				num = num * num % mod;
			}
			return (int)ans;
		}
		
		/**
		 * nのm乗をmodで割った余りを求めます。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(log m)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 床
		 * @param m 冪指数
		 * @return n^mをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int pow(long n, long m) {
			return pow((int)(n % mod), (int)(n % (mod - 1)));
		}
		
		/**
		 * 現在のmod値のトーシェント数を返します。<br>
		 * なお、これはmod-1に等しいです。
		 * 
		 * @return トーシェント数
		 */
		public int totient() {
			return mod - 1;
		}
		
		/**
		 * nのトーシェント数を返します。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(sqrt n)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n トーシェント数を求めたい値
		 * @return nのトーシェント数
		 */
		public static int totient(int n) {
			int totient = n;
			for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; ++i) {
				if (n % i == 0) {
					totient = totient / i * (i - 1);
					while ((n %= i) % i == 0);
				}
			}
			if (n != 1) totient = totient / n * (n - 1);
			return totient;
		}
		
		/**
		 * nをmodで割った余りを返します。
		 * 
		 * @param n 演算する値
		 * @return nをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int mod(int n) {
			return (n %= mod) < 0 ? n + mod : n;
		}
		
		/**
		 * nをmodで割った余りを返します。
		 * 
		 * @param n 演算する値
		 * @return nをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int mod(long n) {
			return (int)((n %= mod) < 0 ? n + mod : n);
		}
		
		/**
		 * nをmodで割った余りを返します。
		 * 
		 * @param n 演算する値
		 * @return nをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int mod(PrimeFactor n) {
			int ret = 1;
			for (Entry<Prime, Integer> i : n.primeFactor.entrySet())
				ret = multiply(ret, pow(i.getKey().prime, i.getValue()));
			return ret;
		}
		
		/**
		 * n+mをmodで割った余りを返します。
		 * 
		 * @param n 足される値
		 * @param m 足す値
		 * @return n+mをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int add(int n, int m) {
			return mod(n + m);
		}
		
		/**
		 * n-mをmodで割った余りを返します。
		 * 
		 * @param n 引かれる値
		 * @param m 引く値
		 * @return n-mをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int subtract(int n, int m) {
			return mod(n - m);
		}
		
		/**
		 * n*mをmodで割った余りを返します。
		 * 
		 * @param n 掛けられる値
		 * @param m 掛ける値
		 * @return n*mをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int multiply(int n, int m) {
			int ans = (int)((long)n * m % mod);
			return ans < 0 ? ans + mod : ans;
		}
		
		/**
		 * n/mをmodで割った余りを返します。
		 * 
		 * @param n 割られる値
		 * @param m 割る値
		 * @return n/mをmodで割った余り
		 */
		public int divide(int n, int m) {
			return multiply(n, inverse(m));
		}
		
		/**
		 * fを通ることが分かっているfの要素数-1次の関数について、xの位置における値をmodで割った余りを返します。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(f)です。
		 * 
		 * @param f 関数の形
		 * @param x 求める位置
		 * @return 求めたい値をmodで割った余り
		 */
		public ModInteger lagrangePolynomial(ModInteger[] f, int x) {
			if (f.length > x) return f[x];
			if (x > fact.length) precalc(x);
			ModInteger ret = create(0);
			ModInteger[] dp = new ModInteger[f.length], dp2 = new ModInteger[f.length];
			dp[0] = create(1);
			dp2[f.length - 1] = create(1);
			for (int i = 1; i < f.length; ++i) {
				dp[i] = dp[i - 1].multiply(x - i - 1);
				dp2[f.length - i - 1] = dp2[f.length - i].multiply(x - f.length + i);
			}
			for (int i = 0; i < f.length; ++i) {
				ModInteger tmp = f[i].multiply(dp[i]).multiplyEqual(dp2[i]).multiplyEqual(inv[i]).multiplyEqual(
						inv[f.length - 1 - i]);
				if ((f.length - i & 1) == 0) ret.addEqual(tmp);
				else ret.subtractEqual(tmp);
			}
			return ret;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 区間における素数を保持する関数です。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 */
	public static class SegmentPrime {
		
		private final Prime[] divisor;
		private final int offset;
		
		private SegmentPrime(Prime[] divisor, int offset) {
			this.divisor = divisor;
			this.offset = offset;
		}
		
		/**
		 * このクラスが持つ区間の範囲を返します。
		 * 
		 * @return 素数を保持している区間
		 */
		public IntRange getRange() {
			return IntRange.closedOpen(offset, offset + divisor.length);
		}
		
		/**
		 * 素数かどうかを判定します。
		 * 
		 * @param n 素数かどうか判定したい数
		 * @return 素数ならばtrue
		 */
		public boolean isPrime(int n) {
			return n <= 1 ? false : divisor[n - offset].prime == n;
		}
		
		/**
		 * 与えられた数を素因数分解します。<br>
		 * 計算量はO(log n)です。
		 * 
		 * @param n 素因数分解したい数
		 * @return 素因数分解した結果
		 */
		public PrimeFactor getPrimeFactor(int n) {
			if (n < 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("not positive number");
			Map<Prime, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
			while (n > 1) {
				Prime d = divisor[n - offset];
				map.compute(d, (k, v) -> v == null ? 1 : v + 1);
				n /= d.prime;
			}
			return new PrimeFactor(map);
		}
		
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return "SegmentPrime: [" + offset + ", " + (offset + divisor.length) + ")";
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 整数の素因数分解表現を保持します。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 */
	public static class PrimeFactor extends Number {
		
		private static final long serialVersionUID = 1363575672283884773L;
		public Map<Prime, Integer> primeFactor;
		
		private PrimeFactor(Map<Prime, Integer> n) {
			this.primeFactor = n;
		}
		
		/**
		 * 素因数分解のリスト表現を返します。
		 * 
		 * @return 素因数分解のリスト
		 */
		public List<Integer> getFactorizationList() {
			List<Integer> ret = new ArrayList<>();
			for (Entry<Prime, Integer> i : primeFactor.entrySet()) {
				int p = i.getKey().prime, n = i.getValue();
				for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j)
					ret.add(p);
			}
			return ret;
		}
		
		/**
		 * nとgcdを取った値を保持します。
		 * 
		 * @param n gcdを取りたい値
		 */
		public void gcd(PrimeFactor n) {
			for (Entry<Prime, Integer> i : n.primeFactor.entrySet())
				primeFactor.computeIfPresent(i.getKey(), (k, v) -> Math.min(v, i.getValue()));
		}
		
		/**
		 * gcd(n, m)を返します。
		 * 
		 * @param n gcdを取りたい値
		 * @param m gcdを取りたい値
		 * @return gcd(n, m)
		 */
		public static PrimeFactor gcd(PrimeFactor n, PrimeFactor m) {
			Map<Prime, Integer> ret = new HashMap<>(n.primeFactor);
			for (Entry<Prime, Integer> i : m.primeFactor.entrySet())
				ret.computeIfPresent(i.getKey(), (k, v) -> Math.min(v, i.getValue()));
			return new PrimeFactor(ret);
		}
		
		/**
		 * nとlcmを取った値を保持します。
		 * 
		 * @param n lcmを取りたい値
		 */
		public void lcm(PrimeFactor n) {
			for (Entry<Prime, Integer> i : n.primeFactor.entrySet())
				primeFactor.merge(i.getKey(), i.getValue(), (v1, v2) -> Math.max(v1, v2));
		}
		
		/**
		 * lcm(n, m)を返します。
		 * 
		 * @param n lcmを取りたい値
		 * @param m lcmを取りたい値
		 * @return lcm(n, m)
		 */
		public static PrimeFactor lcm(PrimeFactor n, PrimeFactor m) {
			Map<Prime, Integer> ret = new HashMap<>(n.primeFactor);
			for (Entry<Prime, Integer> i : m.primeFactor.entrySet())
				ret.merge(i.getKey(), i.getValue(), (v1, v2) -> Math.max(v1, v2));
			return new PrimeFactor(ret);
		}
		
		private static int pow(int p, int n) {
			int ans = 1;
			for (int mul = p; n > 0; n >>= 1, mul *= mul)
				if ((n & 1) != 0) ans *= mul;
			return ans;
		}
		
		private static long pow(long p, long n) {
			long ans = 1;
			for (long mul = p; n > 0; n >>= 1, mul *= mul)
				if ((n & 1) != 0) ans *= mul;
			return ans;
		}
		
		public BigInteger getValue() {
			BigInteger ret = BigInteger.ONE;
			for (Entry<Prime, Integer> i : primeFactor.entrySet())
				ret = ret.multiply(new BigInteger(i.getKey().toString()).pow(i.getValue()));
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int intValue() {
			int ret = 1;
			for (Entry<Prime, Integer> i : primeFactor.entrySet())
				ret *= pow(i.getKey().prime, i.getValue());
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public long longValue() {
			long ret = 1;
			for (Entry<Prime, Integer> i : primeFactor.entrySet())
				ret *= pow((long)i.getKey().prime, i.getValue());
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public float floatValue() {
			float ret = 1;
			for (Entry<Prime, Integer> i : primeFactor.entrySet())
				ret *= Math.pow(i.getKey().prime, i.getValue());
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public double doubleValue() {
			long ret = 1;
			for (Entry<Prime, Integer> i : primeFactor.entrySet())
				ret *= Math.pow(i.getKey().prime, i.getValue());
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object o) {
			return o instanceof PrimeFactor ? ((PrimeFactor)o).primeFactor.equals(primeFactor) : false;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			return primeFactor.hashCode();
		}
		
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return primeFactor.toString();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 素数を渡すためのクラスです。<br>
	 * 中身が確実に素数であることを保証するときに使ってください。
	 *
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 */
	public static class Prime extends Number {
		
		private static final long serialVersionUID = 8216169308184181643L;
		public final int prime;
		
		/**
		 * 素数を設定します。
		 *
		 * @param prime 素数
		 * @throws IllegalArgumentException 素数以外を渡した時
		 */
		public Prime(int prime) {
			if (!isPrime(prime)) throw new IllegalArgumentException(prime + " is not prime");
			this.prime = prime;
		}
		
		private Prime(int prime, boolean none) {
			this.prime = prime;
		}
		
		private static final int bases[] = {15591, 2018, 166, 7429, 8064, 16045, 10503, 4399, 1949, 1295, 2776, 3620, 560, 3128, 5212, 2657, 2300, 2021, 4652, 1471, 9336, 4018, 2398, 20462, 10277, 8028, 2213, 6219, 620, 3763, 4852, 5012, 3185, 1333, 6227, 5298, 1074, 2391, 5113, 7061, 803, 1269, 3875, 422, 751, 580, 4729, 10239, 746, 2951, 556, 2206, 3778, 481, 1522, 3476, 481, 2487, 3266, 5633, 488, 3373, 6441, 3344, 17, 15105, 1490, 4154, 2036, 1882, 1813, 467, 3307, 14042, 6371, 658, 1005, 903, 737, 1887, 7447, 1888, 2848, 1784, 7559, 3400, 951, 13969, 4304, 177, 41, 19875, 3110, 13221, 8726, 571, 7043, 6943, 1199, 352, 6435, 165, 1169, 3315, 978, 233, 3003, 2562, 2994, 10587, 10030, 2377, 1902, 5354, 4447, 1555, 263, 27027, 2283, 305, 669, 1912, 601, 6186, 429, 1930, 14873, 1784, 1661, 524, 3577, 236, 2360, 6146, 2850, 55637, 1753, 4178, 8466, 222, 2579, 2743, 2031, 2226, 2276, 374, 2132, 813, 23788, 1610, 4422, 5159, 1725, 3597, 3366, 14336, 579, 165, 1375, 10018, 12616, 9816, 1371, 536, 1867, 10864, 857, 2206, 5788, 434, 8085, 17618, 727, 3639, 1595, 4944, 2129, 2029, 8195, 8344, 6232, 9183, 8126, 1870, 3296, 7455, 8947, 25017, 541, 19115, 368, 566, 5674, 411, 522, 1027, 8215, 2050, 6544, 10049, 614, 774, 2333, 3007, 35201, 4706, 1152, 1785, 1028, 1540, 3743, 493, 4474, 2521, 26845, 8354, 864, 18915, 5465, 2447, 42, 4511, 1660, 166, 1249, 6259, 2553, 304, 272, 7286, 73, 6554, 899, 2816, 5197, 13330, 7054, 2818, 3199, 811, 922, 350, 7514, 4452, 3449, 2663, 4708, 418, 1621, 1171, 3471, 88, 11345, 412, 1559, 194};
		private static final byte wheel[] = {10, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 6, 4, 6, 8, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 8, 6, 4, 6, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4, 2, 10, 2};
		
		private static boolean isSPRP(int n, long a) {
			int d = n - 1, s = 0;
			while ((d & 1) == 0) {
				++s;
				d >>= 1;
			}
			long cur = 1, pw = d;
			do {
				if ((pw & 1) != 0) cur = (cur * a) % n;
				a = a * a % n;
				pw >>= 1;
			} while (pw != 0);
			if (cur == 1) return true;
			for (int r = 0; r < s; ++r) {
				if (cur == n - 1) return true;
				cur = (cur * cur) % n;
			}
			return false;
		}
		
		/**
		 * 与えられた値が素数か否かを判定します。<br>
		 * この実装はhttp://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1326/020-Forisek.pdfに基づきます。
		 * 
		 * @param x 判定したい値
		 * @return xが素数ならtrue
		 */
		public static boolean isPrime(int x) {
			if (x == 2 || x == 3 || x == 5 || x == 7) return true;
			if ((x & 1) == 0 || x % 3 == 0 || x % 5 == 0 || x % 7 == 0) return false;
			return checkPrime(x);
		}
		
		private static boolean checkPrime(int x) {
			if (x < 121) return x > 1;
			long h = x;
			h = ((h >> 16) ^ h) * 0x45d9f3b;
			h = ((h >> 16) ^ h) * 0x45d9f3b;
			h = ((h >> 16) ^ h) & 0xFF;
			return isSPRP(x, bases[(int)h]);
		}
		
		/**
		 * 区間における素数を列挙します。<br>
		 * この実装はエラトステネスの篩に基づきます。
		 * 
		 * @param n 素数を求める範囲
		 * @return 1以上n以下の素数を保持する区間素数
		 */
		public static SegmentPrime getSegmentPrime(int n) {
			Prime[] divisor = new Prime[n - 1];
			int sqrt = (int)Math.sqrt(n) + 1;
			for (int i = 0; i < sqrt; ++i) {
				if (divisor[i] != null) continue;
				int p = i + 2;
				divisor[i] = new Prime(p, true);
				for (int j = p * p - 2; j < divisor.length; j += p)
					divisor[j] = divisor[i];
			}
			for (int i = sqrt; i < divisor.length; ++i)
				if (divisor[i] == null) divisor[i] = new Prime(i + 2, true);
			return new SegmentPrime(divisor, 2);
		}
		
		/**
		 * 与えられた値を素因数分解した結果を返します。
		 * 
		 * @param x 素因数分解する値
		 * @return 素因数分解した結果
		 */
		public static PrimeFactor getPrimeFactor(int x) {
			if (x <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("non positive number: " + x);
			Map<Prime, Integer> ret = new TreeMap<>((l, r) -> Integer.compare(l.prime, r.prime));
			int c;
			if ((x & 1) == 0) {
				c = 1;
				for (x >>= 1; (x & 1) == 0; x >>= 1)
					++c;
				ret.put(new Prime(2, false), c);
			}
			if (x % 3 == 0) {
				c = 1;
				for (x /= 3; x % 3 == 0; x /= 3)
					++c;
				ret.put(new Prime(3, false), c);
			}
			if (x % 5 == 0) {
				c = 1;
				for (x /= 5; x % 5 == 0; x /= 5)
					++c;
				ret.put(new Prime(5, false), c);
			}
			if (x % 7 == 0) {
				c = 1;
				for (x /= 7; x % 7 == 0; x /= 7)
					++c;
				ret.put(new Prime(7, false), c);
			}
			if (x < 100000000) { // Wheel Factorization
				for (int i = 11, j = 0; i * i <= x; i += wheel[ ++j % wheel.length]) {
					while (x % i == 0) {
						x /= i;
						ret.compute(new Prime(i, false), (k, v) -> v == null ? 1 : v + 1);
					}
				}
				if (x != 1) ret.put(new Prime(x, false), 1);
			} else {
				int p, count;
				while (x != 1) { // 素因数分解が終わってる
					for (p = x; !checkPrime(p); p = pollardRho(p, 1));
					Prime prime = new Prime(p, false);
					count = 1;
					for (x /= p; x % p == 0; x /= p)
						++count;
					ret.put(prime, count);
				}
			}
			return new PrimeFactor(ret);
		}
		
		private static int gcd(int n, int m) {
			while (n != 0)
				if ((m %= n) != 0) n %= m;
				else return n;
			return m;
		}
		
		private static int pollardRho(int x, int c) {
			int n = 2, m = 2, d = 1, next = 4, i = 1;
			do {
				if ( ++i == next) {
					m = n;
					next <<= 1;
				}
				if ((n = (int)(((long)n * n + c) % x)) == m) return pollardRho(x, ++c); // 失敗したので
			} while ((d = gcd(Math.abs(n - m), x)) == 1);// dは約数の一つ
			return d;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int intValue() {
			return prime;
		}
		
		@Override
		public long longValue() {
			return prime;
		}
		
		@Override
		public float floatValue() {
			return prime;
		}
		
		@Override
		public double doubleValue() {
			return prime;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object o) {
			return o instanceof Prime ? ((Prime)o).prime == prime : false;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			return prime;
		}
		
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return String.valueOf(prime);
		}
	}
	
	public static class AbstractArray<T> extends AbstractList<T> implements RandomAccess {
		
		private final Object[] array;
		
		public AbstractArray(int size) {
			array = new Object[size];
		}
		
		public AbstractArray(T[] array) {
			this(array.length);
			System.arraycopy(array, 0, this.array, 0, array.length);
		}
		
		@Override
		public T set(int index, T element) {
			T ret = get(index);
			array[index] = element;
			return ret;
		}
		
		@Override
		public T get(int index) {
			@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
			T ret = (T)array[index];
			return ret;
		}
		
		public Object[] get() {
			return array;
		}
		
		public T[] get(T[] array) {
			if (array.length < this.array.length) {
				@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
				T[] ret = (T[])Arrays.copyOfRange(this.array, 0, this.array.length, array.getClass());
				return ret;
			}
			System.arraycopy(this.array, 0, array, 0, this.array.length);
			return array;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int size() {
			return array.length;
		}
		
		public int length() {
			return size();
		}
		
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			return Arrays.hashCode(array);
		}
		
		private class Iter implements Iterator<T> {
			
			private int index;
			
			private Iter() {
				index = 0;
			}
			
			@Override
			public boolean hasNext() {
				return index < array.length;
			}
			
			@Override
			public T next() {
				return get(index++ );
			}
			
			@Override
			public void remove() {
				throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
			}
		}
		
		@Override
		public Iterator<T> iterator() {
			return new Iter();
		}
	}
	
	public static class Array<T> extends AbstractArray<T> implements Serializable {
		
		private static final long serialVersionUID = 2749604433067098063L;
		
		public Array(int size) {
			super(size);
		}
		
		public Array(T[] array) {
			super(array);
		}
		
		public T front() {
			return get(0);
		}
		
		public T back() {
			return get(size() - 1);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 要素とそのindexを管理するクラスです。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 * @param <E> 保持する要素
	 */
	public static class Enumerate<E> {
		
		public final E value;
		public final int index;
		
		/**
		 * 要素とそのindexを渡します。<br>
		 * indexは必ずしも元の配列またはコレクションのindexと一致する必要はありませんが、一致する値を返すことが推奨されます。
		 * 
		 * @param value
		 * @param index
		 */
		public Enumerate(E value, int index) {
			this.value = value;
			this.index = index;
		}
		
		/**
		 * 要素を返します。
		 * 
		 * @return 要素
		 */
		public E getValue() {
			return value;
		}
		
		/**
		 * indexを返します。
		 * 
		 * @return index
		 */
		public int getIndex() {
			return index;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object o) {
			if (o instanceof Enumerate) return ((Enumerate<?>)o).getValue().equals(value) && ((Enumerate<?>)o).getIndex() == index;
			return false;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			return value.hashCode() ^ index;
		}
		
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return "{" + value.toString() + ", " + index + "}";
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 要素とそのindexを効率的に取得する関数を提供します。
	 * 
	 * @author 31536000
	 *
	 */
	public static class Enumeration {
		
		private static class IteratorArray<E> implements Iterator<Enumerate<E>> {
			
			private final E[] array;
			private final int start;
			private int index;
			
			public IteratorArray(E[] array, int index) {
				this.array = array;
				this.start = index;
				this.index = 0;
			}
			
			@Override
			public boolean hasNext() {
				return index < array.length;
			}
			
			@Override
			public Enumerate<E> next() {
				Enumerate<E> ret = new Enumerate<>(array[index], index++ + start);
				return ret;
			}
		}
		
		private static class IteratorCollection<E> implements Iterator<Enumerate<E>> {
			
			private final Iterator<E> iter;
			private int start;
			
			public IteratorCollection(Iterator<E> iter, int index) {
				this.iter = iter;
				this.start = index;
			}
			
			@Override
			public boolean hasNext() {
				return iter.hasNext();
			}
			
			@Override
			public Enumerate<E> next() {
				Enumerate<E> ret = new Enumerate<>(iter.next(), start++ );
				return ret;
			}
		}
		
		/**
		 * 配列の各要素とそのindexを順に返すIteratorを生成します。
		 * 
		 * @param       <E> 配列の型
		 * @param array 配列
		 * @return Enumerate&lt;E&gt;のIterator
		 */
		public static <E> Iterator<Enumerate<E>> enumerate(E[] array) {
			return enumerate(array, 0);
		}
		
		/**
		 * 配列の各要素とそのindexを順に返すIteratorを生成します。
		 * 
		 * @param       <E> 配列の型
		 * @param array 配列
		 * @param start 添字の初期値、この値だけindexが足されたものが返る
		 * @return Enumerate&lt;E&gt;のIterator
		 */
		public static <E> Iterator<Enumerate<E>> enumerate(E[] array, int start) {
			if (array == null) throw new NullPointerException("array is null");
			return new IteratorArray<E>(array, start);
		}
		
		/**
		 * Iteratorの各要素とそのindexを順に返すIteratorを生成します。
		 * 
		 * @param      <E> Iteratorの型
		 * @param iter Iterator
		 * @return Enumerate&lt;E&gt;のIterator
		 */
		public static <E> Iterator<Enumerate<E>> enumerate(Iterator<E> iter) {
			return enumerate(iter, 0);
		}
		
		/**
		 * Iteratorの各要素とそのindexを順に返すIteratorを生成します。
		 * 
		 * @param       <E> Iteratorの型
		 * @param iter  Iterator
		 * @param start 添字の初期値、この値だけindexが足されたものが返る
		 * @return Enumerate&lt;E&gt;のIterator
		 */
		public static <E> Iterator<Enumerate<E>> enumerate(Iterator<E> iter, int start) {
			if (iter == null) throw new NullPointerException("iterator is null");
			return new IteratorCollection<E>(iter, start);
		}
	}
}


Measured memory_bytes: 98684