Given a positive integer N, return the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have at least 1 repeated digit.
 

Example 1:
Input: 20
Output: 1
Explanation: The only positive number (<= 20) with at least 1 repeated digit is 11.


Example 2:
Input: 100
Output: 10
Explanation: The positive numbers (<= 100) with atleast 1 repeated digit are 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, and 100.


Example 3:
Input: 1000
Output: 262


 
Note:

1 <= N <= 10^9

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

def _disabled_input(*args, **kwargs):
    raise RuntimeError("input() is disabled in callable mode")
builtins.input = _disabled_input

ns = {"__name__": "__judge__"}  # prevent if __name__ == "__main__" blocks
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = 'from functools import lru_cache\nclass Solution:\n    def numDupDigitsAtMostN(self, N: int) -> int:\n        @lru_cache(None)\n        def dfs(state, x, lz=False):\n            n = len(str(x))\n            if x < 10:\n                res = 0\n                if not lz:\n                    for i in range(1, x + 1):\n                        if state & (1 << i) == 0:\n                            res += 1\n                else:\n                    for i in range(x + 1):\n                        if state & (1 << i) == 0:\n                            res += 1\n                # print(bin(state), x, lz, res)\n                return res\n            if not lz:\n                res = dfs(state, 10 ** (n - 1) - 1)\n            else:\n                if state & 1 == 0:\n                    res = dfs(state | 1, 10 ** (n - 1) - 1, True)\n                else:\n                    res = 0\n            for i in range(1, int(str(x)[0])):\n                if state & (1 << i) == 0:\n                    res += dfs(state | (1 << i), 10 ** (n - 1) - 1, True)\n            if state & (1 << int(str(x)[0])) == 0:\n                if not (x % 10 ** (n - 1) == 0 and n >= 3):\n                    if x % 10 ** (n - 1) >= 10 ** (n - 2) or n <= 2:\n                        res += dfs(state | (1 << int(str(x)[0])), x % 10 ** (n - 1), True)\n                    elif n >= 3 and 1 & state == 0 and x % 10 ** (n - 1) >= 10 ** (n - 3):\n                        res += dfs(state | (1 << int(str(x)[0])) + 1, x % 10 ** (n - 1), True)\n            # print(bin(state), x, lz, res)\n            return res\n        \n        return N - dfs(0, N)\n'
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

_target = None
_fn_name = 'numDupDigitsAtMostN'
if _fn_name:
    if "Solution" in ns:
        try:
            _obj = ns["Solution"]()
            if hasattr(_obj, _fn_name):
                _target = getattr(_obj, _fn_name)
        except Exception:
            _target = None
    if _target is None and _fn_name in ns and callable(ns[_fn_name]):
        _target = ns[_fn_name]
# Fallback: if there's exactly one user-defined function, use it
if _target is None:
    _cands = [v for k, v in ns.items() if callable(v) and getattr(v, "__module__", "") in ("__judge__", "__main__")]
    _user_funcs = [c for c in _cands if getattr(c, "__name__", "").startswith("_") is False]
    if len(_user_funcs) == 1:
        _target = _user_funcs[0]
if _target is None:
    raise RuntimeError(f"Could not resolve callable '{_fn_name}'")

_raw = sys.stdin.read().strip()
if _raw:
    _parsed = json.loads(_raw)
    if isinstance(_parsed, dict):
        _kwargs = _parsed.get("kwargs", {})
        _args = _parsed.get("args", [])
    else:
        _args, _kwargs = _parsed, {}
else:
    _args, _kwargs = [], {}
if not isinstance(_args, (list, tuple)):
    _args = [_args]
_res = _target(*_args, **_kwargs)
try:
    sys.stdout.write(repr(_res) + "\n")
except Exception:
    pass

```

Measured memory_bytes: 8828