akhauriyash/Code-Regression huggingface dataset:
The XOR pair representation (XPR) of a positive integer $N$ is defined as a pair of integers $(A, B)$ such that:
- $1 \le A \le B \le N$
- $A \oplus B = N$
- if there is no way to choose $A$ and $B$ satisfying the above conditions, $A = B = -1$
- otherwise, the value of $A$ should be the smallest possible
These conditions uniquely define the XPR. Next, we define a function $F(N)$ = the value of $B$ in $XPR(N)$, and a function $G(L, R) = \sum\limits_{i=L}^R F(i)$.
You are given $L$ and $R$. Compute $G(L, R)$.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first and only line of each test case contains two space-separated integers $L$ and $R$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer — the value of the function $G(L, R)$.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 10^5$
- $1 \le L \le R \le 10^9$

-----Example Input-----
5
1 10
3 6
4 10
10 17
100 159

-----Example Output-----
28
9
28
79
7485

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = 'import math\ndef count(N):\n if(N<1):\n  return 0\n total=N*(N+1)//2\n a=1\n d=2\n while(N>=a):\n  n=math.floor((N-a)/d)+1\n  total-=(n*a+1)\n  a*=2\n  d*=2\n return total\n  \n \n\nT=int(input())\nfor _ in range(T):\n L,R=list(map(int,input().split()))\n print(count(R)-count(L-1))\n'
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes: 13141
One of Chef's friends offered him a deal: during $D$ days, they are going to exchange money. For each $i$ ($1 \le i \le D$), on the $i$-th day, Chef's friend would give Chef $A$ rupees, while Chef would give his friend $2^{i-1}$ rupees ($1$ rupee on day $1$, $2$ rupees on day $2$, $4$ rupees on day $3$, and so on). Chef's profit from the deal is the total number of rupees he received from his friend minus the total number of rupees he gave his friend.
Chef decided to ask for your advice before accepting the deal. You want to help him by telling him two numbers $D_1$ and $D_2$, where $D_1$ is the maximum value of $D$ such that Chef should accept the deal, i.e. his profit from the deal is positive if $D = D_1$, and $D_2$ is the value of $D$ that leads to the maximum possible profit for Chef. If there are multiple values of $D$ that lead to the maximum profit, $D_2$ is the smallest of these values.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first and only line of each test case contains a single integer $A$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing two space-separated integers $D_1$ and $D_2$.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 100,000$
- $5 \le A \le 10^9$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (100 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
4
5
8
9
1000000000

-----Example Output-----
4 3
5 3
5 4
35 30

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = '# cook your dish here\nt = int(input())\nwhile t:\n a = int(input())\n d1, d2, max = 1, int(), 0\n mt = a * d1\n mg = 2**d1 - 1\n while mt > mg:\n  if mt - mg > max:\n   max = mt - mg\n   d2 = d1\n  d1 = d1 + 1\n  mt = a * d1\n  mg = 2**d1 - 1\n print(d1 - 1, d2)\n t = t - 1'
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes: 12983
Determine the total number of digits in the integer (`n>=0`) given as input to the function. For example, 9 is a single digit, 66 has 2 digits and 128685 has 6 digits. Be careful to avoid overflows/underflows.

All inputs will be valid.

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

def _disabled_input(*args, **kwargs):
    raise RuntimeError("input() is disabled in callable mode")
builtins.input = _disabled_input

ns = {"__name__": "__judge__"}  # prevent if __name__ == "__main__" blocks
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = 'def digits(n):\n    number = str(n)\n    i = 0\n    for letter in number:\n        i += 1\n    return i'
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

_target = None
_fn_name = 'digits'
if _fn_name:
    if "Solution" in ns:
        try:
            _obj = ns["Solution"]()
            if hasattr(_obj, _fn_name):
                _target = getattr(_obj, _fn_name)
        except Exception:
            _target = None
    if _target is None and _fn_name in ns and callable(ns[_fn_name]):
        _target = ns[_fn_name]
# Fallback: if there's exactly one user-defined function, use it
if _target is None:
    _cands = [v for k, v in ns.items() if callable(v) and getattr(v, "__module__", "") in ("__judge__", "__main__")]
    _user_funcs = [c for c in _cands if getattr(c, "__name__", "").startswith("_") is False]
    if len(_user_funcs) == 1:
        _target = _user_funcs[0]
if _target is None:
    raise RuntimeError(f"Could not resolve callable '{_fn_name}'")

_raw = sys.stdin.read().strip()
if _raw:
    _parsed = json.loads(_raw)
    if isinstance(_parsed, dict):
        _kwargs = _parsed.get("kwargs", {})
        _args = _parsed.get("args", [])
    else:
        _args, _kwargs = _parsed, {}
else:
    _args, _kwargs = [], {}
if not isinstance(_args, (list, tuple)):
    _args = [_args]
_res = _target(*_args, **_kwargs)
try:
    sys.stdout.write(repr(_res) + "\n")
except Exception:
    pass

```

Measured memory_bytes: 5320
Complete the solution so that the function will break up camel casing, using a space between words.

### Example 

```
solution("camelCasing")  ==  "camel Casing"
```

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

def _disabled_input(*args, **kwargs):
    raise RuntimeError("input() is disabled in callable mode")
builtins.input = _disabled_input

ns = {"__name__": "__judge__"}  # prevent if __name__ == "__main__" blocks
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = "import re\ndef solution(s):\n    return re.sub('([A-Z])', r' \\1', s)"
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

_target = None
_fn_name = 'solution'
if _fn_name:
    if "Solution" in ns:
        try:
            _obj = ns["Solution"]()
            if hasattr(_obj, _fn_name):
                _target = getattr(_obj, _fn_name)
        except Exception:
            _target = None
    if _target is None and _fn_name in ns and callable(ns[_fn_name]):
        _target = ns[_fn_name]
# Fallback: if there's exactly one user-defined function, use it
if _target is None:
    _cands = [v for k, v in ns.items() if callable(v) and getattr(v, "__module__", "") in ("__judge__", "__main__")]
    _user_funcs = [c for c in _cands if getattr(c, "__name__", "").startswith("_") is False]
    if len(_user_funcs) == 1:
        _target = _user_funcs[0]
if _target is None:
    raise RuntimeError(f"Could not resolve callable '{_fn_name}'")

_raw = sys.stdin.read().strip()
if _raw:
    _parsed = json.loads(_raw)
    if isinstance(_parsed, dict):
        _kwargs = _parsed.get("kwargs", {})
        _args = _parsed.get("args", [])
    else:
        _args, _kwargs = _parsed, {}
else:
    _args, _kwargs = [], {}
if not isinstance(_args, (list, tuple)):
    _args = [_args]
_res = _target(*_args, **_kwargs)
try:
    sys.stdout.write(repr(_res) + "\n")
except Exception:
    pass

```

Measured memory_bytes: 36477
Write a program to check whether a triangle is valid or not, when the three angles of the triangle are the inputs. A triangle is valid if the sum of all the three angles is equal to 180 degrees.

-----Input-----

The first line contains an integer T, the total number of testcases. Then T lines follow, each line contains three angles  A, B and C, of the triangle separated by space. 

-----Output-----
For each test case, display 'YES' if the triangle is valid, and 'NO', if it is not, in a new line.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 1000
- 1 ≤ A,B,C ≤ 180

-----Example-----
Input

3 
40 40 100
45 45 90
180 1 1
Output

YES
YES
NO

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = '# cook your dish here\nfor i in range(int(input())):\n    a, b, c = map(int, input().split())\n    if a+b+c == 180:\n        print("YES")\n    else:\n        print("NO")'
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes: 12939
The chef is trying to solve some pattern problems, Chef wants your help to code it. Chef has one number K to form new pattern. Help the chef to code this pattern problem.

-----Input:-----
- First line will contain $T$, number of testcases. Then the testcases follow. 
- Each testcase contains of a single line of input, one integer $K$. 

-----Output:-----
For each testcase, output as pattern.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 100$
- $1 \leq K \leq 100$

-----Sample Input:-----
2
2
4

-----Sample Output:-----
2
12
012
12
2

4
34
234
1234
01234
1234
234
34
4

-----EXPLANATION:-----
No need, else pattern can be decode easily.

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = "for i in range(int(input())):\r\n    n = int(input())\r\n\r\n    l = [' '] * (n+1)\r\n    l[-1] = n\r\n\r\n    print(*l, sep='')\r\n\r\n    for i in range(n-1, -1, -1):\r\n        l[i] = i\r\n        print(*l, sep='')\r\n\r\n    for i in range(n + 1):\r\n        l[i] = ' '\r\n        print(*l, sep='')\r\n"
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes: 12999
Let's call some positive integer classy if its decimal representation contains no more than $3$ non-zero digits. For example, numbers $4$, $200000$, $10203$ are classy and numbers $4231$, $102306$, $7277420000$ are not.

You are given a segment $[L; R]$. Count the number of classy integers $x$ such that $L \le x \le R$.

Each testcase contains several segments, for each of them you are required to solve the problem separately.


-----Input-----

The first line contains a single integer $T$ ($1 \le T \le 10^4$) — the number of segments in a testcase.

Each of the next $T$ lines contains two integers $L_i$ and $R_i$ ($1 \le L_i \le R_i \le 10^{18}$).


-----Output-----

Print $T$ lines — the $i$-th line should contain the number of classy integers on a segment $[L_i; R_i]$.


-----Example-----
Input
4
1 1000
1024 1024
65536 65536
999999 1000001

Output
1000
1
0
2

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = '\ndp = [[-1]*20 for _ in range(5)]\ndef dfs(pos, cnt, limited, dp, nums):\n\tif cnt > 3:\n\t\treturn 0\n\tif pos == -1:\n\t\treturn 1\n\tif not limited and dp[cnt][pos] != -1:\n\t\treturn dp[cnt][pos]\n\tupper = nums[pos] if limited else 9\n\ttmp = 0\n\tfor i in range(upper + 1):\n\t\ttmp += dfs(pos - 1, cnt + (i > 0), limited&(i==upper), dp, nums)\n\tif not limited:\n\t\tdp[cnt][pos] = tmp\n\treturn tmp\ndef classy(num):\n\tnums = []\n\twhile num:\n\t\tnums.append(num % 10)\n\t\tnum //= 10\n\t\n\treturn dfs(len(nums) - 1, 0, 1, dp, nums)\n\n\ndef __starting_point():\n\tT = int(input())\n\tfor _ in range(T):\n\t\tL, R = map(int, input().split())\n\t\tprint(classy(R) - classy(L-1))\n__starting_point()'
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes: 15055
One day Chef was playing with numbers. He loves Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) too much and he is a very curious guy. He always try to do new things. Now he want to make a large number with it. But he doesn't want to take too many numbers.

He is willing to take only three numbers less than or equal to N (not necessarily distinct ) and from those three number he want get the maximum number by taking LCM of the numbers.

As he is busy in playing some more tricks of maths, he assign this task to you.

-----Input-----
First line of input contains an integer t ( t<=1000 ), Number of test cases.

t line follows an integer N

-----Output-----
Print t lines contains a single integer — the maximum possible LCM of three not necessarily distinct positive integers that are not greater than N.

-----Constraints-----
1<= N <= 10^6

-----Example-----
Input:
2
9
7

Output:
504
210


-----Explanation-----
Example case 2. For the last example, we can chose numbers 7, 6, 5 and the LCM of them is 7•6•5 = 210. It is the maximum value we can get.

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = "from fractions import gcd\nfor testCases in range(eval(input())):\n n = eval(input())\n if n == 1:\n  print('1')\n elif n == 2:\n  print('2')\n elif n == 3:\n  print('6')\n else:\n  c = n*(n-1)\n  k = n - 2\n  while True:\n   if gcd(k,n-1) == 1 and gcd(k,n) == 1:\n    break\n   k -= 1\n  d = (n-1)*(n - 2)\n  k1 = n - 3\n  while True:\n   if gcd(k1,n-1) == 1 and gcd(k1,n-2) == 1:\n    break\n   k1 -= 1\n  print(max(c*k,d*k1))"
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes:
Ms. E.T. came from planet Hex. She has 8 fingers in each hand which makes her count in hexadecimal way. When she meets you, she tells you that she came from 7E light years from the planet Earth. You see she means that it is 126 light years far away and she is telling you the numbers in hexadecimal. Now, you are in trouble to understand what those numbers really mean. Therefore, you have to convert the hexadecimal numbers to decimals.

Input:

First line of code contain T test cases.

every line of text case contain a Hex-value 

Output:

Every line of output contain a decimal conversion of given nunmber

Sample Input:

3

A

1A23

2C2A

Sample Output:

10

6691

11306

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = 't=int(input())\nfor i in range(t):\n    s=input()\n    print(int(s,16))'
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes: 12859
### Unfinished Loop - Bug Fixing #1

Oh no, Timmy's created an infinite loop! Help Timmy find and fix the bug in his unfinished for loop!

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

def _disabled_input(*args, **kwargs):
    raise RuntimeError("input() is disabled in callable mode")
builtins.input = _disabled_input

ns = {"__name__": "__judge__"}  # prevent if __name__ == "__main__" blocks
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = 'def create_array(num):\n\n    result = []\n    count = 1\n\n    while count <= num:\n        result.append(count)\n        count += 1\n\n    return result'
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

_target = None
_fn_name = 'create_array'
if _fn_name:
    if "Solution" in ns:
        try:
            _obj = ns["Solution"]()
            if hasattr(_obj, _fn_name):
                _target = getattr(_obj, _fn_name)
        except Exception:
            _target = None
    if _target is None and _fn_name in ns and callable(ns[_fn_name]):
        _target = ns[_fn_name]
# Fallback: if there's exactly one user-defined function, use it
if _target is None:
    _cands = [v for k, v in ns.items() if callable(v) and getattr(v, "__module__", "") in ("__judge__", "__main__")]
    _user_funcs = [c for c in _cands if getattr(c, "__name__", "").startswith("_") is False]
    if len(_user_funcs) == 1:
        _target = _user_funcs[0]
if _target is None:
    raise RuntimeError(f"Could not resolve callable '{_fn_name}'")

_raw = sys.stdin.read().strip()
if _raw:
    _parsed = json.loads(_raw)
    if isinstance(_parsed, dict):
        _kwargs = _parsed.get("kwargs", {})
        _args = _parsed.get("args", [])
    else:
        _args, _kwargs = _parsed, {}
else:
    _args, _kwargs = [], {}
if not isinstance(_args, (list, tuple)):
    _args = [_args]
_res = _target(*_args, **_kwargs)
try:
    sys.stdout.write(repr(_res) + "\n")
except Exception:
    pass

```

Measured memory_bytes: 5438
The Little Elephant from the Zoo of Lviv currently is on the military mission. There are N enemy buildings placed in a row and numbered from left to right strating from 0. Each building i (except the first and the last) has exactly two adjacent buildings with indices i-1 and i+1. The first and the last buildings have just a single adjacent building.

Some of the buildings contain bombs. When bomb explodes in some building it destroys it and all adjacent to it buildings.

You are given the string S of length N, where Si is 1 if the i-th building contains bomb, 0 otherwise. Find for the Little Elephant the number of buildings that will not be destroyed after all bombs explode. Please note that all bombs explode simultaneously.

-----Input-----
The first line contains single integer T - the number of test cases. T test cases follow. The first line of each test case contains the single integer N - the number of buildings. The next line contains the string S of length N consisted only of digits 0 and 1.

-----Output-----
In T lines print T inetgers - the answers for the corresponding test cases.

-----Constraints-----

1 <= T <= 100

1 <= N <= 1000

-----Example-----
Input:
3
3
010
5
10001
7
0000000

Output:
0
1
7

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = "t = int( input() )\n\nwhile t > 0:\n n = int( input() )\n s = input()\n c = 0\n z = 1\n \n for i in range( n ):\n  if s[i] == '0':\n   z += 1\n   continue\n   \n  if z > 2:\n   c += z - 2\n   \n  z = 0\n \n if z > 1:\n  c += z - 1\n\n t -= 1\n print(c) "
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes: 12995
Raju has created a program to find the square root of a number. But his program can store only integers. Being a newbie, he didn't know about rounding the numbers. Hence his program returns the absolute value of the result if possible. For example, sqrt(3) = 1.73205080757……. His program will return 1
Given a number $N$, and it's integral square root $S$, His instructor will consider the answer correct if Difference between $N$ and the square of $S$ is within less than or equal to $X$% of $N$.

-----Input:-----
- First line contains $T$ no. of test cases and $X$ separated by space
- For every test case, a line contains an integer $N$

-----Output:-----
For every test case, print yes  if his programs return square root and (N-(S^2)) <= 0.01XN . For everything else, print no on a new line

-----Constraints-----
10 points:
- $1 \leq T \leq 10$
- $0\leq N \leq 10$
20 points:
- $1 \leq T \leq 30000$
- $-10^9 \leq N \leq 10^9$
70 points:
- $1 \leq T \leq 10^6$
- $-10^9 \leq N \leq 10^9$

-----Sample Input:-----
2 20
5
3

-----Sample Output:-----
yes
no

-----EXPLANATION:-----
In #1, sqrt(5) = 2.2360679775. Taking integral value, S = 2.

S2 = 4. Difference=1 which is within 20% of 5
In #1, sqrt(3) = 1.73205080757. Taking integral value, S = 1.

S2 = 1. Difference=2  which is not within 20% of 3

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = 'import math as m\nimport cmath as c\n\nt, x = map(int, input().split())\nfor _ in range(t):\n n = int(input())\n if n >= 0:\n  s = m.floor(m.sqrt(n))\n else:\n  p = n+0j\n  s = c.sqrt(p)\n  s = m.ceil(s.real)\n if n-(s*s) <= 0.01*x*n:\n  print("yes")\n else:\n  print("no")'
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes: 24153
In a regular table tennis match, the player who serves changes every time after 2 points are scored, regardless of which players scored them.
Chef and Cook are playing a different match — they decided that the player who serves would change every time after $K$ points are scored instead (again regardless of which players scored them). When the game starts, it's Chef's turn to serve.
You are given the current number of points scored by Chef and Cook ($P_1$ and $P_2$ respectively). Find out whether Chef or Cook has to serve next.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first and only line of each test case contains three space-separated integers $P_1$, $P_2$ and $K$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing the string "CHEF" if it is Chef's turn or "COOK" if it is Cook's turn.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 10^5$
- $1 \le K \le 10^{9}$
- $0 \le P_1, P_2 \le 10^{9}$ 

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (100 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
3
1 3 2
0 3 2
34 55 2

-----Example Output-----
CHEF
COOK
CHEF

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1: Chef serves for the first two points, Cook serves for the next two, so Chef has to serve again now.

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = 'for _ in range(int(input())):\n P1,P2,k=map(int, input().split())\n d=(P1+P2)//k\n if d%2==0:\n  print("CHEF")\n else:\n  print("COOK")'
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes: 12949
Complete the method that takes a boolean value and return a `"Yes"` string for `true`, or a `"No"` string for `false`.

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

def _disabled_input(*args, **kwargs):
    raise RuntimeError("input() is disabled in callable mode")
builtins.input = _disabled_input

ns = {"__name__": "__judge__"}  # prevent if __name__ == "__main__" blocks
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = "def bool_to_word(bolean):\n    if bolean:\n        return 'Yes'\n    else:\n        return 'No'"
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

_target = None
_fn_name = 'bool_to_word'
if _fn_name:
    if "Solution" in ns:
        try:
            _obj = ns["Solution"]()
            if hasattr(_obj, _fn_name):
                _target = getattr(_obj, _fn_name)
        except Exception:
            _target = None
    if _target is None and _fn_name in ns and callable(ns[_fn_name]):
        _target = ns[_fn_name]
# Fallback: if there's exactly one user-defined function, use it
if _target is None:
    _cands = [v for k, v in ns.items() if callable(v) and getattr(v, "__module__", "") in ("__judge__", "__main__")]
    _user_funcs = [c for c in _cands if getattr(c, "__name__", "").startswith("_") is False]
    if len(_user_funcs) == 1:
        _target = _user_funcs[0]
if _target is None:
    raise RuntimeError(f"Could not resolve callable '{_fn_name}'")

_raw = sys.stdin.read().strip()
if _raw:
    _parsed = json.loads(_raw)
    if isinstance(_parsed, dict):
        _kwargs = _parsed.get("kwargs", {})
        _args = _parsed.get("args", [])
    else:
        _args, _kwargs = _parsed, {}
else:
    _args, _kwargs = [], {}
if not isinstance(_args, (list, tuple)):
    _args = [_args]
_res = _target(*_args, **_kwargs)
try:
    sys.stdout.write(repr(_res) + "\n")
except Exception:
    pass

```

Measured memory_bytes: 5274
Write a function that takes a list of at least four elements as an argument and returns a list of the middle two or three elements in reverse order.

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

def _disabled_input(*args, **kwargs):
    raise RuntimeError("input() is disabled in callable mode")
builtins.input = _disabled_input

ns = {"__name__": "__judge__"}  # prevent if __name__ == "__main__" blocks
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = 'def reverse_middle(lst):\n    l = len(lst)\n    return lst[(l+1)//2:(l//2)-2:-1] '
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

_target = None
_fn_name = 'reverse_middle'
if _fn_name:
    if "Solution" in ns:
        try:
            _obj = ns["Solution"]()
            if hasattr(_obj, _fn_name):
                _target = getattr(_obj, _fn_name)
        except Exception:
            _target = None
    if _target is None and _fn_name in ns and callable(ns[_fn_name]):
        _target = ns[_fn_name]
# Fallback: if there's exactly one user-defined function, use it
if _target is None:
    _cands = [v for k, v in ns.items() if callable(v) and getattr(v, "__module__", "") in ("__judge__", "__main__")]
    _user_funcs = [c for c in _cands if getattr(c, "__name__", "").startswith("_") is False]
    if len(_user_funcs) == 1:
        _target = _user_funcs[0]
if _target is None:
    raise RuntimeError(f"Could not resolve callable '{_fn_name}'")

_raw = sys.stdin.read().strip()
if _raw:
    _parsed = json.loads(_raw)
    if isinstance(_parsed, dict):
        _kwargs = _parsed.get("kwargs", {})
        _args = _parsed.get("args", [])
    else:
        _args, _kwargs = _parsed, {}
else:
    _args, _kwargs = [], {}
if not isinstance(_args, (list, tuple)):
    _args = [_args]
_res = _target(*_args, **_kwargs)
try:
    sys.stdout.write(repr(_res) + "\n")
except Exception:
    pass

```

Measured memory_bytes: 5410
Ada's classroom contains $N \cdot M$ tables distributed in a grid with $N$ rows and $M$ columns. Each table is occupied by exactly one student.
Before starting the class, the teacher decided to shuffle the students a bit. After the shuffling, each table should be occupied by exactly one student again. In addition, each student should occupy a table that is adjacent to that student's original table, i.e. immediately to the left, right, top or bottom of that table.
Is it possible for the students to shuffle while satisfying all conditions of the teacher?

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first and only line of each test case contains two space-separated integers $N$ and $M$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing the string "YES" if it is possible to satisfy the conditions of the teacher or "NO" otherwise (without quotes).

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 5,000$
- $2 \le N, M \le 50$

-----Example Input-----
2
3 3
4 4

-----Example Output-----
NO
YES

-----Explanation-----
Example case 2: The arrows in the following image depict how the students moved.

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = "# cook your dish here\nt=int(input())\nfor _ in range(t):\n x,y=map(int,input().split())\n if((x*y)%2==0):\n  print('YES')\n else:\n  print('NO')"
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes: 12941
You are given a string s of length 8 consisting solely of '0's and '1's. Assume that the characters of the string are written in a circular fashion. You need to find the number of 0-1 or 1-0 transitions that one has to make while making a single traversal over the string. ie. start from any character and go circularly until you get back to the same character, and find the number of transitions that you made. The string is said to be said to be uniform if there are at most two such transitions. Otherwise, it is called non-uniform.
Given the string s, tell whether the string is uniform or not.

-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows.
The only line of input contains the string s.

-----Output-----
For each test case, output "uniform" if the given string is uniform and "non-uniform" otherwise.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 256
- Length of s is 8

-----Example-----
Input
4
00000000
10101010
10000001
10010011

Output
uniform
non-uniform
uniform
non-uniform

-----Explanation-----
The number of transitions are 0, 8, 2 and 4 for the respective cases. So, the first and third one are uniform while the second and fourth one are non-uniform.

```python

USER_FILENAME = "<user_code>"
import sys, json, builtins
import math, heapq, bisect, itertools, functools, collections, statistics, fractions, decimal, operator, array, random, re, string, os, pathlib
try:
    import resource as _res
except Exception:
    _res = None
from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque, OrderedDict
from functools import lru_cache, reduce
from itertools import accumulate, permutations, combinations, product
from math import gcd, ceil, floor, sqrt
from decimal import Decimal
try:
    from typing import *
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1_000_000)
except Exception:
    pass
try:
    import site as _site
    try:
        _sys_sites = _site.getsitepackages() if hasattr(_site, "getsitepackages") else []
        for _p in _sys_sites:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
    try:
        _usp = _site.getusersitepackages()
        if isinstance(_usp, str):
            _usp = [_usp]
        for _p in _usp:
            if _p and _p not in sys.path:
                sys.path.append(_p)
    except Exception:
        pass
except Exception:
    pass

ns = {"__name__": "__main__"}
for _k, _v in list(globals().items()):
    if not _k.startswith("_"):
        ns[_k] = _v
_CODE = "# cook your dish here\nfor _ in range(int(input())):\n s=input()\n if s.count('10')+s.count('01')>2:\n  print('non-uniform')\n else:\n  print('uniform')"
_co = compile(_CODE, USER_FILENAME, "exec")
exec(_co, ns, ns)

```

Measured memory_bytes: 12945