[Duplicate computation][RuntimeError: element 0 of tensors does not require grad and does not have a grad_fn]

username: tomguluson92
cooked: <p>Hi,</p>
<p>When I implement a class of computation logic like below, I need both <code>render_imgs</code> and <code>Landmark_p</code> for further loss calculation.<br>
<img src="https://discuss.pytorch.org/uploads/default/original/3X/7/9/798bd87870cdb77539d68d674570560c367b2f89.png" alt="image" data-base62-sha1="hlfohKuwDOgTMNeiioX7RAwv84F" width="645" height="493"></p>
<p>But when I keep it both, it arise error:</p>
<pre><code class="lang-auto"> RuntimeError: element 0 of tensors does not require grad and does not have a grad_fn] 
</code></pre>
<p>So how could this problem solved? my code is here:</p>
<pre data-code-wrap="python"><code class="lang-python"># BFM 3D face model
class BFM():
    def __init__(self, 
                 model_path='BFM/BFM_model_front.mat'):
        model = loadmat(model_path)
        self.meanshape = torch.from_numpy(model['meanshape']).double()  # mean face shape. [3*N,1]
        self.idBase = torch.from_numpy(model['idBase']).double()  # identity basis. [3*N,80]
        self.exBase = torch.from_numpy(model['exBase']).double() # expression basis. [3*N,64]
        self.meantex = torch.from_numpy(model['meantex']).double()  # mean face texture. [3*N,1] (0-255)
        self.texBase = torch.from_numpy(model['texBase']).double()  # texture basis. [3*N,80]
        self.point_buf = torch.from_numpy(
            model['point_buf']).double()  # triangle indices for each vertex that lies in. starts from 1. [N,8]
        self.face_buf = torch.from_numpy(model['tri']).int()  # vertex indices in each triangle. starts from 1. [F,3]
        self.keypoints = torch.from_numpy(
            model['keypoints']).squeeze().int()  # vertex indices of 68 facial landmarks. starts from 1. [68,1]


# Analytic 3D face reconstructor
class Face3D(torch.nn.Module):
    """
        This is a pytorch implementation of the BFM model.
        original: Face3D(object)
        now:      Face3D(torch.nn.Module)
	"""
    def __init__(self):
        super(Face3D, self).__init__()
        self.facemodel = BFM()
        # [107127, 1]
        self.meanshape = torch.nn.Parameter(self.facemodel.meanshape, requires_grad=False)
        # [107127, 80]
        self.idBase = torch.nn.Parameter(self.facemodel.idBase, requires_grad=False)
#         self.register_buffer("idBase", self.facemodel.idBase)
        # [107127, 64]
#         self.register_buffer("exBase", self.facemodel.exBase)
        self.exBase = torch.nn.Parameter(self.facemodel.exBase, requires_grad=False)
        # [107127, 1]
#         self.register_buffer("meantex", self.facemodel.meantex)
        self.meantex = torch.nn.Parameter(self.facemodel.meantex, requires_grad=False)
        # [107121, 80]
#         self.register_buffer('texBase', self.facemodel.texBase)
        self.texBase = torch.nn.Parameter(self.facemodel.texBase, requires_grad=False)
        # [70789, 3]
#         self.register_buffer('face_buf', self.facemodel.face_buf)
        self.face_buf = torch.nn.Parameter(self.facemodel.face_buf, requires_grad=False)
        # [35709, 8] Max is 70789;
#         self.register_buffer('point_buf', self.facemodel.point_buf)
        self.point_buf = torch.nn.Parameter(self.facemodel.point_buf, requires_grad=False)
        # [68]
#         self.register_buffer('keypoints', self.facemodel.keypoints)
        self.keypoints = torch.nn.Parameter(self.facemodel.keypoints, requires_grad=False)


    # analytic 3D face reconstructions with coefficients from R-Net
    def forward(self, coeff, batchsize):
        # coeff: [batchsize,257] reconstruction coefficients
        id_coeff, ex_coeff, tex_coeff, angles, translation, gamma = self.Split_coeff(coeff)
        # [batchsize,N,3] canonical face shape in BFM space
        face_shape = self.Shape_formation_block(id_coeff, ex_coeff)
        # [batchsize,N,3] vertex texture (in RGB order)
        face_texture = self.Texture_formation_block(tex_coeff)
        self.face_texture = face_texture
        # [batchsize,3,3] rotation matrix for face shape
        rotation = self.Compute_rotation_matrix(angles)
        # [batchsize,N,3] vertex normal
        face_norm = self.Compute_norm(face_shape)
        norm_r = torch.bmm(face_norm, rotation)

        # do rigid transformation for face shape using predicted rotation and translation
        face_shape_t = self.Rigid_transform_block(face_shape, rotation, translation)
        self.face_shape_t = face_shape_t
        
        # [batchsize,N,3] vertex color (in RGB order)
        face_color = self.Illumination_block(face_texture, norm_r, gamma)
        self.face_color = face_color
        
        # compute 2d landmark projections
        # landmark_p: [batchsize,68,2]
        face_landmark_t = self.Compute_landmark(face_shape_t)
        landmark_p = self.Projection_block(face_landmark_t)  # 256*256 train_data
        landmark_p = torch.stack((landmark_p[:, :, 0], 223. - landmark_p[:, :, 1]), dim=2)

        # reconstruction images
        render_imgs = self.Render_block(face_shape_t, norm_r, face_color, batchsize)
        render_imgs = render_imgs.clamp(0, 255) / 255.
        # render_imgs = (render_imgs - render_imgs.min()) / (render_imgs.max() - render_imgs.min())
        # https://discuss.pytorch.org/t/how-to-cast-a-tensor-to-another-type/2713
        # return render_imgs.float(), landmark_p
        return render_imgs.float(), landmark_p
</code></pre>
<p>Thank you very much!</p>

username: ptrblck
cooked: <p>Could you add the usage of this model as an executable code snippet, so that we could reproduce this issue?</p>

username: tomguluson92
cooked: <p>Hi ptrblck. I have solved it! I found it is an error caused by pip install torch==1.6.0 (automatically compiled with CUDA10.2) whereas my computer only have CUDA 10.1. As I use conda install torch, all things solved.</p>
<p>Thanks for your attention!</p>