Introduction and Background

Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast on August 29, 2005, causing significant infrastructure damage to 83 GSA owned and leased federal buildings and courthouses in Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi, necessitating the eventual relocation of 2,600 federal employees from 28 federal agencies. Sixteen of the damaged federal buildings owned by GSA provided 1.7 million square feet of office space, and the remaining 67 GSA-leased facilities totaled 1.3 million sq. ft. in rented space. GSA, through its Public Buildings Service (PBS), is the primary federal real property and asset management agency, with 11 regional offices that oversee GSA owned and leased federal buildings and courthouses. GSA is also responsible for the design and construction of federal courthouses within GSA's 11 regional districts. GSA's Southeast Region 4 includes Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, South Carolina, North Carolina, Mississippi, and Tennessee. As of September 21, 2007, one leased facility remained closed (see Table 1 ). The states of Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas comprise GSA's Greater Southwest Region 7, with one GSA-owned facility remaining closed to the public (see Table 2 ), as of September 21, 2007.

		Federal Buildings

GSA field personnel began advanced preparations to secure GSA buildings as soon as weather predictions indicated that Hurricane Katrina would make landfall. Preparations included fueling generators, shutting down electrical systems, placing sand bags, and boarding up the lower levels of multi-storied buildings. Although not all GSA owned and leased facilities suffered major structural damage in the affected areas, there was no supporting critical infrastructure, such as water, electricity, sewage systems, or even accessible roads to reach the federal facilities. There were also related environmental concerns that might affect the health and safety of federal employees in the affected areas. More than 30 GSA technical and building specialists conducted building inspections to assess when federal facilities might be reopened. GSA used trailers and obtained emergency 180-day leases in surrounding areas to provide temporary office space. A related problem was that many federal employees were forced to evacuate to areas located away from federal facilities when their homes were destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.
In order to accommodate workers who formerly resided and worked in New Orleans and relocated to Baton Rouge, GSA leased temporary office space in this general area. According to GSA regional specialists, it was a difficult task to find suitable office space for all of its federal tenants, and the administration was forced to use leasing and relocation priorities. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, GSA first leased all available office space in Baton Rouge, which was urgently needed by the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Leased office space in Baton Rouge was obtained by GSA for the Social Security Administration, and the Department of Justice's Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Administration. GSA signed a lease in the Baton Rouge area to house Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service employees formerly located in New Orleans. GSA officials also leased available office space in Lafayette, LA; Shreveport, LA; and Jackson, MS, to accommodate other federal tenants. GSA completed inspections of administration-leased facilities as soon as possible to determine the extent of structural damage. When GSA specialists determined that the leased properties were not fully habitable, the agency notified landlords that existing leases would be terminated within 15 days after notification. GSA officials also stated that, in many instances, it was difficult for the agency to locate landlords who had relocated elsewhere.

		Courthouses

According to the Administrative Office of the Courts, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit returned the court's operations to its New Orleans headquarters at the John Minor Wisdom Court of Appeals on January 9, 2006. Regular panel hearings of the court began in February 2006.
In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, two GSA-owned federal courthouses, the John Minor Wisdom U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and the Hale Boggs Federal Building and U.S. Federal Courthouse for the Fifth Circuit, were closed in New Orleans. Both courthouses suffered wind damage, broken windows, and roof leaks, but the buildings' structures are intact. On December 12, 2005, GSA reported that both the Hale Boggs and the John Minor Wisdom courthouses had reopened to the public. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit relocated to the U.S. Federal Courthouse in Houston, TX, for a three-month period, with court business resuming on September 21, 2005. Many judges and court employees lost their homes in the New Orleans area, and temporary housing was obtained for them in Gonzalez, LA, centrally located between Baton Rouge and New Orleans. GSA-leased court space in Houma, LA, was also acquired for district court judges and court staff who were formerly located in the Hale Boggs U.S. Federal Courthouse.
The Dan M. Russell, Jr. U.S. Federal Courthouse for the Fifth Circuit, Gulfport, MS, was also closed in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Preliminary reports indicated that the building was intact, but had sustained severe water and wind damage. Court operations were initially suspended for 30 days and relocated to Jackson, MS. Housing was sought for judges and staff throughout the district who lost their homes because of Hurricane Katrina. On December 12, 2005, GSA reported that the courthouse had resumed partial operations. A fourth GSA-owned courthouse, the John A. Campbell U.S. Federal Courthouse for the Eleventh Circuit, Mobile, AL, was closed due to damaged mechanical systems; however, both the Southern District of Alabama district and bankruptcy courts resumed operations in the courthouse.

	Congressional Initiatives in the 109th Congress

Hurricane Katrina was responsible for significant infrastructure damage to 83 GSA owned and leased federal buildings and courthouses. The 109 th Congress authorized $38 million to GSA's Federal Buildings Fund for repairs to the damaged federal facilities.
In order to accommodate nearly 2,600 displaced federal tenants from 28 federal agencies, GSA leased temporary office space in Baton Rouge, LA; Lafayette, LA; and Jackson, MS. Current law authorizes the GSA Administrator to enter into an emergency lease agreement during any period declared by the President to require emergency leasing authority. An emergency lease may not be for more than 180 days, without prior congressional approval of a lease prospectus.

		S. 1708

In the Senate, S. 1708 , the Emergency Lease Requirements Act of 2005, was introduced by Senator James Inhofe and 11 bipartisan cosponsors on September 15, 2005. The proposed legislation would have amended current law to authorize the GSA Administrator to enter into emergency lease agreements during a major disaster or other emergency declared by the President or the head of a federal agency under applicable federal law. The term of an emergency lease could not have exceeded five years without congressional approval of a lease prospectus. The GSA Administrator would have been required to submit an annual report describing any emergency lease to the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works by April 1 of each year. On September 15, 2005, S. 1708 was referred to the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. The bill was reported without amendment on January 26, 2006, and placed on the Senate Legislative Calendar. No further action was taken on S. 1708 in the 109 th Congress.

		H.R. 4125

On October 25, 2005, H.R. 4125 was introduced in the House by Representative Bill Shuster and two bipartisan cosponsors. House bill H.R. 4125 would have authorized the GSA Administrator to make repairs on federal buildings that were damaged by Gulf Coast hurricanes without prior congressional approval of a prospectus. The proposed legislation would also have authorized the GSA Administrator to enter into emergency lease agreements for up to five years. The GSA Administrator's emergency authorities would have been valid for one year following enactment of H.R. 4125 . At least five days before making any building repairs, the GSA Administrator would have been required to submit reports to the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee and the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee detailing costs and completion estimates. No later than 15 days after completion, the GSA Administrator would have been required to submit a final report stating total repair costs. The proposed legislation would also have required the GSA Administrator to submit a detailed report to the House and Senate Committees no later than 10 days after entering into an emergency lease agreement. H.R. 4125 was reported favorably by the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure on June 27, 2006, and placed on the Union Calendar. No further action was taken on H.R. 4125 before adjournment of the 109 th Congress.

	Pending Legislation in the 110th Congress

No legislation pertaining to hurricane-damaged federal facilities has been introduced in the 110 th Congress.
 Table 1 indicates the one federal facility that remained closed in GSA Region 4, as of September 21, 2007.
 Table 2 indicates the one federal facility that remained closed in GSA Region 7, as of September 21, 2007.

Summary:
Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast on August 29, 2005, causing widespread flooding and significant infrastructure damage to 83 federal facilities in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. The General Services Administration (GSA) is the federal government's primary real property agency, with 11 regional offices that oversee GSA owned and leased federal buildings and courthouses. As of September 21, 2007, one leased building remained closed in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in GSA's Southeast Region 4, which includes Alabama and Mississippi. In GSA's Greater Southwest Region 7, one GSA facility remained closed in Louisiana. GSA courthouse facilities in New Orleans, LA, which were temporarily relocated to Houston, TX, reopened in New Orleans on January 9, 2006. The 109th Congress authorized $38 million to GSA's Federal Buildings Fund for repairs to damaged federal facilities (119 Stat. 2782). No legislation pertaining to hurricane-damaged federal facilities has been introduced in the 110th Congress. This report will not be updated.