ai4data/datause-dataset-rechunked huggingface dataset:
60 70 80 90 Poorest 2 3 4 Richest Poorest 2 3 4 Richest Poorest 2 3 4 Richest Poorest 2 3 4 Richest Female headed Married head Age of head (year) Percent Age (years) In Camp Refugees In Camp Hosts Addis Ababa Refugees Addis Ababa Hosts Figure 5.14: Demographic characteristics by quintile Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Note: Primary axis labels represent gender and marital status. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Eritrean Somali South Sudanese Hosts Refugees Percent Figure 5.15: Poverty headcount rate for in-camp refugees and their hosts, by domain Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Refugees’ Aspirations 51 level of the household head increases. This is only the case for Addis Ababa refugees and hosts (Figure 5.16). However, for in-camp refugees, there appears to be no response to expenditure on an additional level of education of the household head compared to other refugees. In-camp host community households are higher, on average, than for in-camp refugees, and returns to the education level of the household head for these households appears to be slowly increasing. Household welfare is linked to possession of certain assets or access to services.
The current study builds on the literature above by drawing on nationally representative, population-based surveys to look at how displacement experience is associated with different forms of IPV (lifetime, past-year and injury-causing IPV) in Colombia and Liberia. Additionally, independent data on the level and location of conflict was merged with individual level data in each country. These unique data sets provide insight into how both types of adversity- conflict and displacement- may impact a woman ’ s risk of IPV. The goal of this work is to highlight the link between IPV and forced displacement and conflict, and to explore the policy implications for state and peace building efforts. This understanding will help direct scarce funding appropriately to create more effective and targeted programs. Colombia Background Colombia has endured civil war, violent conflict, and displacement for over 60 years. Levels and intensity of violence have fluctuated throughout this period between a multitude of groups, including guerrilla groups such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the National Liberation Army (ELN) and the Popular Liberation Army (EPL), the government, and paramilitary forces (Palacios, 2006). The historical root cause of the conflict rests in the unequal
total area of 122,437 sq. km. Rainfall data from more than 200 rainfall stations and

potential evapotranspiration data of around 30 evaporation stations have been used in the

is estimated by overlaying the inundation risk map with the population map for 2001 using

Ahmed, A.U., Alam, M. 1998.: Development of Climate Change Scenarios with General
Circulation Models in Vulnerability and Adaption to Climate Change for Bangladesh, S.
Huq, Z. Karim, M. Asaduzzaman and F. Mahtab (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Dordrecht, pp.13-20.


Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), 2007. Population Census-2001: National Series,
Volume-1 Analytical Report. Dhaka, Bangladesh.

2050. The best available spatially-disaggregated maps and data for these assets have been
8 Conclusions We conducted a correspondence study using an online job platform in Malaysia. We tested for ethnic discrimination, gender discrimination and the value of signaling soft skills in the labor market. Unlike many correspondence studies, the data allow us to observe different stages in the hiring process. We observe if the employer rejects an application, visits the profile of a candidate, number of times the profile is visited, if they contact them and if they offer an interview. Uniquely, we observe competition in the labor market on both the demand and supply sides. We do not find evidence of gender discrimination in the hiring process. Malaysia ’ s observed differential wages and labor force participation rates by gender do not seem to be associated with discrimination or human capital accumulation. More research is needed to determine why women in the Malaysian labor market have lower employment rates and wages. We find that Indian and Malay sounding name profiles are discriminated against in comparison to Chinese-sounding name profiles. There is discrimination along all the hiring process variables we observe. Malay and Indian candidates are 8 and 9 percentage points less likely to receive an interview offer relative to a Chinese candidate. Discrimination for both ethnicities is also present in other outcomes.
1.8 1.7 57 63 All cereals 76.9 - - 2,994 All pulses 8.3 - - 385 Aggregate ration/month 46.7 - Source: WFP and World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Note: *Net of sold ration = quantity*share of ration sold (we asked the share of ration sold in SESRE) Table E.6: Aggregate food expenditures Value/year (per capita) Value/year (per adult) Food expenditure (all) [A] 11,414 13,898 Food expenditure (WFP items only) [B] 2,226 2,741 Food expenditure (WFP in-kind) [C] 4,968 6,165 Food expenditure (WFP in-kind + cash) [D] 7,653 9,440 Source: WFP and World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Average food expenditures from SESRE (13,898 birr) are higher than valued in-kind food aid reported by WFP (6,165 birr). Valuing quantities of WFP food aid with prices from SESRE suggests that if food aid quantities were received/reported, refugees’ food expenditure would be 9,440 birr slightly above the values we get in SESRE of 13,898 birr, but still low compared to hosts at 28,324 birr. The level of disaggregation of food items matters. The more disaggregated, the higher the food aggregates. To summarize, food rations received are lower than admin data suggests, regardless of the data source. Possible explanations for lower
evidence is consistent with studies that used cross-section surveys, panel data and cross-country

Some of the work with panel data has also gone further in an effort to establish a causality link

Oswald (2007) use information on lottery winnings in the British Household Panel Survey
5 The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 offers some background to the paper, providing context for Syrian refugees and their QOL in Jordan. Section 3 introduces a multidimensional quality-of-life indicator. Section 4 explains the methodology used in this paper, describing the data, identification strategy, and analysis method. Section 5 presents results of the statistical analysis, while section 6 presents conclusions and policy implications. 2. Syrian Refugees in Jordan The war in the Syrian Arab Republic has turned into a decade-long crisis, and refugees from Syria form the largest share of international displaced persons. About 5. 5 million Syrians are registered as refugees in Turkey (65 %), Lebanon (16 %), Jordan (12 %), Iraq (4 %), and other countries (3 %). Many Syrian refugees settle in urban and peri-urban regions in these host countries (World Bank 2020). The number of refugees living in camps has declined since 2017. Many refugees seem to prefer living outside the crowded camps and to escape the precarious living conditions and enjoy the freedom to live with relatives and friends and to find work.
Vintar et al. (forthcoming), for example, provide an example of how to use these data to understand the differential labor impacts of COVID-19 on refugees and non- refugees (see also the report “ Answering the Call: Forcibly Displaced During the Pandemic ” i). UNCHR ’ s proGres database includes phone numbers for refugee family heads that can be utilized as a sampling frame. However, data privacy concerns need to be addressed if the phone survey is conducted by a firm. A possible solution is sending text messages to selected respondents asking for permission to share phone numbers with a contractor. Comparisons between FDPs and host populations are also an essential exercise to conduct in the context of FDP poverty measurement. These comparisons are important for FDPs, host countries and international organizations given that resentment against FDPs is often fueled by a perception that FDPs receive special assistance that is not available to locals. Several surveys have now been conducted in Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and a few Sub-Saharan African countries to compare the well-being of FDPs and their hosts. These comparisons, while important, are complex because host populations have full access to the labor and consumer markets and government services that are often not available to FDPs, whereas FDPs rely on aid from the international community that is not available to local residents. It is difficult to compare health services in camps, for example, to those provided to the host population by the government, or other social protection services such as unemployment insurance or paid leave that do not exist for FDPs. Again, these are new and largely under-researched issues among poverty specialists.