Ministry of Science & Technology
Self-propelled railway track scavenging vehicle can replace manual scavenging
A self-propelled railway track scavenging vehicle may soon replace manual scavenging and cleaning that is still practiced to remove human waste lying on railway tracks.
Despite the ban on manual scavenging since 1993 in our country, men and women are seen removing excreta on the tracks with brooms and metal plates. Once the garbage is picked up from the tracks, night soil, excessive dirt, oil, and other foreign materials is ineffectively cleaned with high-pressure water jets.
Dr. Sharad K. Pradhan, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research , Bhopal, has developed a Multifunctional Railway Track Scavenging Vehicle with support from the Advanced Manufacturing Technologies programme of the Department of Science & Technology , Government of India aligned with the ‘Make in India’ initiative. A national patent has been published for this technology.
This self-propelled Road cum Rail vehicle equipped with dry and wet suction systems, air and water spraying nozzles, control system, and road cum rail attachment is multifunctional and easy to operate. A display unit is provided for real-time control of the cleaning under drastically changing environment. It requires only one person along with driver to carry out the automatic cleaning of the railway track.
Once the dry and wet suction is over, the water nozzles start spraying water jets to clear off any human waste or semi-solid garbage present on the track floor. Another set of nozzles spray disinfectants on the track to get rid of flies, rats, and other insects. Water jets completely remove the human waste and other wet garbage from the inter rail space zone. Both dry and wet garbage are collected in different tanks, and once filled, it can be decanted at appropriate local municipal garbage collection point. A joystick-controlled telescoping suction pipe is fitted to clear the slurry from the trench parallel to the track. The telescoping suction pipe can easily be placed at appropriate position in the side trench to suck the sewage slurry.
As this is a rail cum road vehicle, it can be used as a material/ garbage transport vehicle from track to road by Indian railways. It can also be used as maintenance/inspection vehicle and disinfectant spraying vehicle by Indian railways. In non scavenging mode, it can also be used as a transportation and inspection vehicle by Indian Railways. After successful development and testing, the developed vehicle can be adopted by Indian railways as a scavenging vehicle for all of its stations. The developed vehicle having low maintenance cost, compact size, reverse and forward movement, and continuous and intermittent action, make it better and effective as compared to existing research endeavours.
After pilot testing, the manufacturing industry can be associated along with Dr. Sharad K. Pradhan to produce its commercial version on mass scale.
For more details, Dr. Sharad K. Pradhan  can be contacted.
Figure: Solid Model of the developed Vehicle
The proposed Multifunctional Railway Track Scavenging Vehicle  is a compact machine designed to resolve issues related to the cleaning of Indian Railway tracks . The vehicle is multifunctional, diesel engine-operated Road cum Rail  vehicle. The cleaning action is achieved by the combination of a dry suction unit  and a wet suction unit . This track cleaning vehicle is designed for quick and effective pick-up of all litters ranging from plastic bags, waste papers, crushed plastic bottles, beverage cans, plastic plates, plastic pouches, and human waste. Garbage which is sticky in nature or residuals can be pushed towards the drains running along the tracks by the high-pressure water jets , and controlled telescoping suction pipe  can easily be placed at appropriate position in the side trench to suck the sewage slurry. An insecticide unit  is placed at the back of the vehicle with insecticide spraying nozzles to kill insects, cockroaches, and rats.
Figure: Actual Photograph of the developed Vehicle 
Figure: Actual Photograph of the developed Vehicle 
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