Ministry of Finance
Several tax proposals aim to promote investments in start-ups and sunrise industries in the country
Lower 25% corporate tax rate is to be applicable to those with annual turnover upto Rs.400 crore instead of the current limit of Rs.250 crore
Increase in surcharge by 3% for those with taxable income between 2-5 crore rupees and by 5% to those with income of over rupees 5 crore
Digital economy to be promoted. A tds of 2% on cash withdrawal exceeding Rs.1 crore in a year from a bank account is proposed
Both direct and indirect tax incentives for promotion of electric vehicles in a big way announced
Several customs duty proposals announced for promoting make in India, reducing import dependence, protection to MSME sector and promoting clean energy
Special additional excise duty and road & infrastructure cess of one Rupee each on petrol and diesel proposed
Customs duty on gold and other precious metals increased from 10% to 12.5%
PROMOTING INVESTMENTS
Several of the tax proposals announced by the Union Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman, while presenting the Union Budget 2019-20 in Parliament today, are aimed at promoting investments in Sunrise Advanced Technology industries and in Start-ups. To boost economic growth and Make in India, a Scheme is to be launched to invite global companies through a transparent competitive bidding to set up mega-manufacturing plants in sunrise and advanced technology areas such as Semi-conductor Fabrication , Solar Photo Voltaic cells, Lithium storage batteries, Solar electric charging infrastructure, Computer Servers, Laptops, etc. Such global companies are to be give investment linked income tax exemptions under Section 35 AD of the Income Tax Act, and other indirect tax benefits.
The Finance Minister, Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman presenting her maiden budget, said “to resolve the so-called ‘angel tax’ issue, the start-ups and their investors who file requisite declarations and provide information in their returns
will not be subjected to any kind of scrutiny in respect of valuations of share premiums. The issue of establishing identity of the investor and source of his funds will be resolved by putting in place a mechanism of e-verification. With this, the funds raised by start-ups will not require any kind of scrutiny from the Income Tax Department. Special administrative arrangements shall be made by CBDT for pending assessments of start-ups and redressal of their grievances. No inquiry or verification in such cases can be carried out by the Assessing Officer without obtaining approval of his supervisory officer. ” Start-ups will not be required to justify fair market value of their shares issued to Category-II Alternative Investment Funds also. Valuation of shares issued to these funds shall be beyond the scope of income tax scrutiny. She said it is also proposed to relax some of the conditions for carry forward and set off of losses in the case of start-ups. It is also proposed to extend the period of exemption of capital gains arising from sale of residential house for investment in start-ups up to 31.3.2021.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Affordable housing gets further encouragement in the form of additional tax deduction of Rs.1.5 lakh beyond Rs. 2 lakh of interest paid on loans borrowed upto 31st March, 2020 for purchase of an affordable house valued up to Rs. 45 lakh. The Finance Minister said “thus a person purchasing an affordable house will now get an enhanced interest deduction up to Rs. 3.5 lakh. This will translate into a benefit of around Rs 7 lakh to the middle class home-buyers over their loan period of 15 years.”
MODERNISATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION
Expressing thanks to the taxpayer, including self-employed, small traders, salary earners and senior citizens, Smt. Sitharaman said that “the direct tax revenue has significantly increased over the past couple of years. It has increased by over 78% from Rs. 6.38 lakh crore in Financial Year 2013-14 to around Rs. 11.37 lakh crore in Financial Year 2018-19. It is now growing at double digit rate every year.”
Saying that those in the highest income brackets need to contribute more to the nation’s development and for revenue mobilization, the Finance Minister announced enhancement of surcharge of 3 % on individuals having taxable income from Rs. 2 crore to Rs. 5 crore and 7 % for those with taxable income of Rs. 5 crore and above.
At the same time, several measures are announced to leverage technology to make tax administration and tax payment easier. Those without Pan Card are now allowed to file income tax returns by quoting their Aadhar number.
Pre-filled tax returns would be made available to taxpayers with details of salary income, capital gains from securities, bank interests, and dividends and tax deductions etc,. Information regarding these incomes will be collected from the concerned sources such as Banks, Stock exchanges, mutual funds, EPFO, State Registration Departments etc.
A Scheme of Faceless Assessment in electronic mode involving no human interface is being launched this year in a phased manner. To start with, such e-assessments shall be carried-out in cases requiring verification of certain specified transactions or discrepancies. Cases selected for scrutiny shall be allocated to assessment units in a random manner and notices shall be issued electronically by a Central Cell, without disclosing the name, designation or location of the Assessing Officer. The Central Cell shall be the single point of contact between the taxpayer and the Department.
CORPORATE TAX
On corporate tax, the Minister said, “we continue with phased reduction in rates. Currently, the lower rate of 25 % is only applicable to companies having annual turnover up to Rs 250 Crore. This is proposed to be widened to include all companies having annual turnover up to Rs 400 crore. This would cover 99.3% of the companies. With this only, 0.7 % of companies will remain outside this rate”.
DIGITAL PAYMENTS
To further encourage digital payments practices in the country or discourage cash payments, the Finance Minister announced several measures which include discouraging the practice of making business payments in cash, proposal to levy TDS of 2% on cash withdrawal exceeding Rs.1 crore in a year from a bank account. Business establishments with annual turnover more than Rs. 50 crore shall offer low cost digital modes of payment to their customers and no charges or Merchant Discount Rate is to be imposed on customers as well as merchants. RBI and Banks will absorb these costs from the savings that will accrue to them on account of handling less cash as people move to these digital modes of payment. Necessary amendments are being made in the Income Tax Act and the Payments and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 to give effect to these provisions.
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
For promotion of electric vehicles in a big way in the country, both direct and indirect tax incentives are announced. The Finance Minister said –“considering India’s large consumer base, we aim to envision India as a global hub of manufacturing of Electric Vehicles”. Inclusion of Solar storage batteries and charging infrastructure in the above Scheme will boost our efforts, she said. The Finance Minister announced that the “Government has already moved GST Council to lower the GST rate on electric vehicles from 12% to 5%. Also to make electric vehicle affordable to consumers, our Government will provide additional income tax deduction of Rs 1.5 lakh on the interest paid on loans taken to purchase electric vehicles. This amounts to a benefit of around Rs 2.5 lakh over the loan period to the taxpayers who take loans to purchase electric vehicle”. The Minister while proposing increase in customs duties on automobile and automobile parts, had provided for exemption of customs duties on certain parts of electric vehicles.
CUSTOM DUTY PROPOSALS
In general, other Customs Duty proposals are aimed at promoting Make in India, reducing import dependence, protection to MSME sector, promoting clean energy, curbing non-essential imports and correcting inversions.
To provide level playing field to domestic industry, custom duties are enhanced on 36 items including :
- Cashew kernels
- Fatty acids. Acid oils from refining used in manufacture of oleochemicals and soaps
- Poly Vinyl Chloride
- Floor cover of plastics, Wall or ceiling coverings of plastics
- Articles of plastic
- Butyl Rubber
- Chlorobutyl rubber or bromobutyl rubber
- Paper for newsprint and magazines
- Printed books  and printed manuals
- Water blocking tapes for manufacture of optical fiber cables
- Ceramic roofing tiles and ceramic flags and pavings, hearth or wall tiles etc.
- Stainless steel products
- Wire of other alloy steel 
- Base metal fittings, mountings and similar articles suitable for furniture, doors, staircases, windows, blinds, hinge for auto mobiles
- Indoor and outdoor unit of split –system air conditioner
- Stone crushing  plants for the construction of roads
- Charger/ power adapter of CCTV camera/ IP camera and DVR / NVR
- Loudspeaker
- Digital Video Recorder  and Network Video Recorder 
- CCTV camera and IP camera
- Optical Fibres, optical fibre bundles and cables
- Friction material and articles thereof , not mounted, for brakes, for clutches or the like, with a basis of asbestos, of other mineral substances or of cellulose, whether or not combined with textile or other materials.
- Glass mirrors, whether or not framed, including rear-view mirrors
- Locks of a kind used in motor vehicles
- Catalytic Converter
- Oil or petrol filters for internal combustion engines
- Intake air filters for internal combustion engines
- Lighting or visual signaling equipment of a kind used in bicycles or motor vehicles
- Horns for vehicle
- Other visual or sound signalling equipment for bicycle and motor vehicle
- Parts of visual or sound signaling equipment, windscreen wipers, defrosters and demisters of a kind used in cycles or motor vehicles
- Windscreen wipers, defrosters and demisters, Sealed beam lamp units, Other lamps for automobiles.
- Completely Built Unit of vehiclesfalling under heading 8702, 8704
- Chassis fitted with engines, for the motor vehicles of headings 8701 to 8705
- Bodies , for the motor vehicles of headings 8701 to 8705
Similarly, to support domestic industry, Customs Duty has been proposed to be reduced on certain raw materials and capital goods as follows:
- Naphtha
- Methyloxirane 
- Ethylene dichloride 
- Raw materials used in manufacture of Preform of Silica: -
- Silicon Tetra Chloride
- Germanium Tetra Chloride
- Refrigerated Helium Liquid
- Silica Rods
- Silica Tubes
- Wool fibre, Wool Tops
- Inputs for the manufacture of CRGO steel: -
- MgO coated cold rolled steel coils
- Hot rolled coils
- Cold-rolled MgO coated and annealed steel
- Hot rolled annealed and pickled coils
- Cold rolled full hard
- Amorphous alloy ribbon
- Cobalt mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy
- Capital goods used for manufacturing of following electronic items, namely-
- Populated PCBA
- Camera module of cellular mobile phones
- Charger/Adapter of cellular mobile phone
- Lithium Ion Cell
- Display Module
- Set Top Box
- Compact Camera Module
While Customs duty is imposed on certain electronic goods, now being manufactured in India to promote domestic industry, custom duty on the other hand is removed on certain other capital goods required for manufacture of specified electronic goods.
To encourage export of sports goods, certain items to a certain limit, like foam and pinewood are included in the list of items allowed for duty free import. Similarly, “Export duty is being rationalised on raw and semi-finished leather to provide relief to this sector’ the Minister said.
The Minister said “Defence has an immediate requirement of modernisation and upgradation. This is national priority. For this purpose, import of defence equipment that are not being manufactured in India are being exempted from the basic customs duty.”
GST AND WAY FORWARD
While stating that with introduction of GST, 17 taxes and 13 cesses have become one tax, it also led to transformation of operations wherein a transport truck has started doing two trips in the same time that it was doing one with simplification of operations. She said reduction of GST rates have led to relief of about 92,000 crore rupees per annum.
The Finance Minister stated that free accounting software for preparation of tax returns is being made available to small businesses and a fully automated GST refund module is expected to be implemented soon. She said taxpayer with an annual turnover of less than 5 crores is to file quarterly returns. Electronic invoice details are to be captured in a central system to enable pre-filled taxpayer returns and a simultaneous e-way bill to be generated. These are expected to begin from January, 2020 reducing the compliance burden significantly.
LEGACY DISPUTE RESOLUTION
The Minister proposed a “Legacy Dispute Resolution Scheme that will allow quick closure of litigations.” She said “more than 3.75 lakh crore rupees is blocked in litigations in service tax and excise duties from pre-GST regime.” She urged the trade and business to avail this opportunity of dispute resolution scheme to be called as Sabka Vishwas Legacy Dispute Resolution Scheme, 2019. This scheme is to be notified in due course allows persons discharged under it not liable for prosecution.
CUSTOMS VIOLATIONS
The Minister also proposed certain amendments to the Customs Act to prevent certain bogus entities from resorting to unfair practices to benefit from export incentives. Provisions to make violations involving duty free scripts and drawback facility of over 50 lakh rupees cognizable and non-bailable offence are being made in the Customs Act. The amendment to the Customs Act, 1962 proposes to introduce provision for verification of Aadhar or any other identity to prevent smuggling. It also empowers customs authorities to arrest a person who has committed an offence outside India.
NBFCs
A provision for allowing all Non-Banking Financial Companies to avail the facility of offering the interest to be taxed in the year in which it is actually received like in the case of Scheduled Banks is to be made. This was announced by the Finance Minister in her Budget Speech today.
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES CENTRE
Several direct tax incentives including 100% profit-linked deduction under Section 80-LA in any ten-year block within a fifteen-year period has been announced for the International Financial Services Centre  in GIFT City. “Exemption from dividend distribution tax from current and accumulated income to companies and mutual funds, exemptions on capital gain to Category-III Alternative Investment Funds  and interest payment on loan taken from non-residents”, have also been announced for IFSC.
EXCISE ON CIGARETTES
The Finance Minister said as National Calamity and Contingent duty is contested with regard to tobacco products and crude as there is no basic excise duty on these items, a nominal basic excise duty is now proposed to be imposed. Rates for such basic excise duties have been announced as set forth in the Fourth Schedule to the Central Excise Act, 1944.