Ministry of Science & Technology
Low-cost super-elastic buckling restrained braces can improve earthquake resistance of structures
Researchers have developed low-cost buckling-restrained braces that can give improved protection to constructions from earthquakes. These braces have several advantages, such as all-steel components, onsite fabrication and assembling process, post-earthquake inspection, and easy replacement.
The earthquake resistance of civil structures is often improved by using seismic force-resisting systems or vibration control devices. Buckling-restrained braces are the special structural elements that serve both purposes.
Researchers at IIT Delhi have fabricated novel hybrid buckling-restrained braces  having higher strength, excellent ductility, and better energy dissipation potential. Prof. Dipti Ranjan Sahoo and his student Dr. Ahmad Fayeq Ghowsi of IIT Delhi, who fabricated the braces, studied the seismic performance of more than ten full-scale HBRBs at the full-scale testing facility of the Heavy Structures Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi developed under Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure  programme of Department of Science & Technology , Government of India. Tests are being conducted on specimens with improvements and modifications at the laboratory, and according to Professor Sahoo, a patent has recently been applied for the proposed bracing system.
A typical HBRB comprises two segments, namely, elastic steel brace  and short-core BRB  segments, connected in series along their lengths. Steel braces can be made up of hollow circular or square hot-rolled structural steel sections. Superplastic shape memory plates are used at the centralized core elements of BRB, which is encased by unbonded built-up steel casings fabricated using four structural steel rolled angle sections and bolted connections. The core elements are designed to undergo inelastic deformation under cyclic axial loadings to provide the required strength, ductility, and hysteretic energy dissipation.
“These braces can be customized depending on the seismic demand expected on buildings or bridges located in different seismic zones of India, Prof. Sahoo informed.
The proposed technology is effective in the new constructions and has a great potential for the upgradation and retrofitting of seismically deficient reinforced concrete  and steel framed structures, such as residential/office buildings, hospitals, and school buildings.
These braces can also be conveniently adopted in the steel and concrete bridges to enhance their earthquake resistance. The implementation of this technique in the existing structures reduces overall retrofitting cost and minimizes the intervention and downtime. It is possible to design a structure to achieve the required performance objectives in terms of strength and serviceability utilizing the hybrid buckling-restrained braces.
Publication Link:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143974X20308750?pes=vor
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Figure 1:  Full-scale hybrid buckling-restrained brace,  Test set-up with 1000 kN servo-controlled hydraulic actuator
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Figure 2:  Hysteretic response,  Back-bone curves of force-deformation response of HBRBs
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