Ministry of Jal Shakti
Study on Flood Pattern
Central Water Commission  is the nodal Organisation entrusted with the task of flood forecasting & early flood warnings in the country. Presently, CWC issues flood forecasts for 330 forecasting stations . These stations cover 20 major river basins in 23 States &2 Union Territories. As per flood forecasting network of CWC, during the last 3 years, in addition to existing flood prone states of Assam, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, extreme floods  were witnessed in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan due to excess to large excess rainfall in these states combined with extremely heavy rainfall in short duration. Indian Space Research Organisation  has prepared flood hazard Atlases for the States of Assam, Bihar and Odisha. These Atlases provide information on various categories of flood hazard, such as, very high, high, moderate, low and very low based upon the number of times the area was inundated for past two dedcades.
CWC uses all the latest technology including remote-sensing, Geographical Information System , Internet, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in development/ running/ formulation and calibration of Mathematical models for flood forecasting and for providing Inundation Alerts which are closely at par with international standards. CWC is issuing 5-day advisory flood forecast at 330 flood and inflow forecasting stations using state-of the art rainfall run off mathematical modelling tools based on forecasted rainfall by IMD and results are displayed at portal https://120.57.99.138. These forecasts help in better management of floods by concerned agencies and departments.
The flood management &anti-erosion schemes are planned, investigated and implemented by the State Governments with their own resources as per priority within the State. The Union Government supplements the efforts of the States by way of technical guidance and promotional financial assistance for flood management in critical areas. Government of India launched "Flood Management Programme " during XI Plan period for providing central assistance to the State Governments for taking up works related to river management, flood control, anti-erosion, drainage development, restoration of damaged flood management works and anti-sea erosion works which was continued during XII Plan. A scheme viz. "Flood Management and Border Areas Programme " for flood management works in entire country and River Management activities and works related to Border Areas with an outlay of Rs. 3342 crores was under implementation during 2017-18 to 2019-20 later extended upto March, 2021. Central Assistance amounting to Rs.6447.96 crores has been released since XI Plan till March, 2021 under FMP component of this Programme. The State-wise details of losses due to floods are compiled by Central water Commission  based on the data provided by the States. The State-wise details of the crop area affected due to floods in country during the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 are given in Annexure-I.
Government of India is having regular dialogue with the Government of Nepal through existing India-Nepal bilateral mechanisms for mutual benefit of water resources of the common rivers between the two countries which includes flood control. Specific India-Nepal water management issues are discussed in the India-Nepal Joint Committee on Kosi and Gandak Project  and Joint Committee on Inundation and Flood Management . JCKGP discusses issues related to Gandak&Kosi Projects like water logging, water supplies to canals, maintenance of pond level, etc. whereas, JCIFM discusses issues of river training works to be taken up on rivers in Nepal, flood inundation issues on India Nepal border, etc.
As a non-structural measure of flood management, CWC issues flood forecasts at 40 level forecasting stations  and 3 inflow forecasting stations  in the state of Bihar. During flood season 2020 ending 31st December 2020, a total of 3223 forecasts have been issued for Bihar state out of which 3192 have been found to be within the accuracy limit which . works out to 99.04%. Flood forecasts are also issued for rivers common to Nepal and India namely Sharda, Ghaghra, Rapti, Gandak, BurhiGandak, Bagmati, Kamala, Kosi and Mahananda using meteorological and hydro-meteorological data.
This information was given by the Minister of State for Jal Shakti and Food Processing Industries, ShriPrahlad Singh Patel in a written reply in the LokSabha today.