using the AGMA equations. This calculated value tabulated in the Appendix A table. The authors  conservatively use one million hours of L 2 life for each module if the calculated value is greater than one  million hours.   Bearings are similarly calculated for a factored L 2 life using classical tools and software. In the right-angle  gearbox, the bearings see thrust, tangential, and radial loads due to the bevel gear mesh. If there are puretorque modules in the actuator, conservative estimates of radial loads are provided, due to imperfect gear  meshing and load sharing in the planetary gearboxes. Typically, 10 to 50 Newtons of radial force at the  extreme of the gear mesh is assumed for the supporting bearing loads. Planet gear bearings see radial  loads through the transmitted torque at each stage of gearing.   Brancato Method of Motor Winding Life  Winding life estimates are analyzed using methods described in the Brancato Method, Ref. [3]. Avior’s  Class H220 Insulation system is rated at 20,000 hours minimum regression life at +220º C. The Percentage  of Life at a conservatively estimated Hot Spot Temperature of +120º C is as follows:  Lw=100×2TR-THS_M 10(5)  where  •LW= Percentage of Life (To Be Calculated) •TR = Rated Insulation System (+220º C) •THS_M = Motor Winding Hot-Spot Temperature (+120º C) This equates to a lifetime of 102,400 percent greater than a typical minimum regression rating of 20,000  hours. This translates to 2.05 E+07 Hours of life for the winding insulation system. In this application, Avior  generally uses an attenuation factor of for motor and sensor windings used in Geosynchronous and DeepSpace (high radiation) applications. In the next section, we will introduce a more appropriate de-rating  strategy. When exposed to gamma ray and ultraviolet radiation, there are insulation aging degradations  that are similar in effects to thermal radiation aging. Due to ultraviolet radiation having low penetration it  can be neglected. The following section introduces alternate methods for dealing with the effect of ionizing  radiation aging of electrical components.  Radiation De-rating of Winding Assemblies  As denoted above, and for the purpose of derating, it is assumed that geosynchronous radiation similarly  degrades electrical components as thermal radiation. Two methods based on similar principles were  developed to handle the effects of ionizing radiation aging. The first method ( ) accounts for both the  amount of radiation absorbed and the rate at which the radiation is absorbed. The second (γ) incorporates  the amount of radiation absorbed.  The first method is to calculate an effective temperature from the incident radiation and ambient  temperature, with the components approximated as a black body. Thermal radiation is taken into account  with T a.  =+∗(6)  where  •Ta = ambient or operating temperature (K) T • = incident space radiation / σ B (space radiation is about 7 W/m2) •σΒ = Stefan-Boltzmann constant 5.67E-08 • = Harrington Psi Life Function (proposed), de-rates electrical and insulation components () =∗(7)  where  •δ = Total ionizing dose of space radiation during the mission (rad) •a = proposed constant, for Teflon insulation applications, a = 1.176 NASA/CP—2018-219887 226