## Translation

# Aticle Title: Times New Roman; Size-16; Line Spacing: Fixed-20pt; Paragraph Spacing: Above Paragraph-10pt, Below Paragraph-10pt

Anne 1,2 1 2 Anne 1,2 1 2 Smith , Mary A. Meade , David Wolf II &Charles Rockefeller Jr. 1 School of Management, Northern Canada University, Toronto, Canada 2 School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing, China Correspondence: David Wolf II, School of Management, Northern Canada University, Toronto, ON., M3A2K7, Canada. Tel: 1-613-947-3592. E-mail: davidwolf@gc.ca

Received: October XX, 201X Accepted: November XX, 201X Online Published: November XX, 201X doi:10.xxxxx/ URL: http://dx.doi.org/

This article was originally published in Chinese/Japanese/Korean/French on Journal of XXXX, Vol. X No. X, 20xx. This article was translated into English by: Alice Zhang, School of Management, East China University, Shanghai, China Foris Li, School of Business and Economics, West Canada University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

##### Abstract

An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the article; it allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly and, like a title, it enables persons interested in the document to retrieve it from abstracting and indexing databases. Most scholarly journals require an abstract. Consult the instructions to authors or web page of the journal to which you plan to submit your article for any journal-specific instructions. A well-prepared abstract can be the most important single paragraph in an article. Most people have their first contact with an article by seeing just the abstract, usually in comparison with several other abstracts, as they are doing a literature search. Readers frequently decide on the basis of the abstract whether to read the entire article. The abstract needs to be dense with information. By embedding key words in your abstract, you enhance the user ' s ability to find it. Do not exceed the abstract word limit of the journal to which you are submitting your article. Word limits vary from journal to journal and typically range from 150 to 250 words. For information on how abstracts are used to retrieve articles, consult Record Structure for APADatabases (Sick, 2009). low case, comma, paper template, abstract, keywords, introduction Keywords:

##### 1. Introduction

###### 1.1 Introduce the Problem

The body of a manuscript opens with an introduction that presents the specific problem under study and describes the research strategy. Because the introduction is clearly identified by its position in the manuscript, it does not carry a heading labeling it the introduction. Before writing the introduction, consider the following questions (Beck &Sales, 2001, p. 100):

- 1) Why is this problem important?
- 2) How does the study relate to previous work in the area? If other aspects of this study have been reported previously, how does this report differ from, and build on, the earlier report?
- 3) What are the primary and secondary hypotheses and objectives of the study, and what, if any, are the links to theory?
- 4) How do the hypotheses and research design relate to one another?
- 5) What are the theoretical and practical implications of the study?

Agood introduction answers these questions in just a few pages and, by summarizing the relevant arguments and