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## Abstracts

Abraham, A., Mathew, A.K., Park, H., Choi, O., Sindhu, R., Parameswaran, B., Pandey, A., Park, J.H., Sang, B.-I., 2020. Pretreatment strategies for enhanced biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technology 301, 122725.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852419319546 The inclusion of a pretreatment step in anaerobic digestion processes increases the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass and enhances biogas yields by promoting lignin removal and the destruction of complex biomass structures. The increase in surface area enables the efficient interaction of microbes or enzymes, and a reduction in cellulose crystallinity improves the digestion process under anaerobic conditions. The pretreatment methods may vary based on the type of the lignocellulosic biomass, the nature of the subsequent process and the overall economics of the process. An improved biogas production by 1200% had been reported when ionic liquid used as pretreatment strategy for anaerobic digestion. The different pretreatment techniques used for lignocellulosic biomasses are generally grouped into physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological methods. These four modes of pretreatment on lignocellulosic biomass and their impact on biogas production process is the major focus of this review article.

Ado, M.R., 2020. Predictive capability of field scale kinetics for simulating toe-to-heel air injection heavy oil and bitumen upgrading and production technology. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 187, 106843.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920410519312616 Predictions by the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2018) showed that as the world's energy system is being decarbonised, the demand of fossil fuels, especially from the petrochemicals and transportation sectors which do not have any alternative, will continue to grow for the next two decades (i.e. to 2040). As a result, fully understood designs and operations of advanced technologies, such as the toe-to-heel air injection (THAI) heavy oil and bitumen upgrading and production process, are needed to develop the vast reserves of the virtually untapped bitumen/tar sand/heavy oil deposits. A new in-situ combustion type processes scaling procedure, which involved decreasing the reaction frequency factors, as proposed and detailed in Rabiu Ado (2017), was used to carry out a comparative study between the predictions by the two different types of validated kinetics schemes using computer modelling group (CMG) thermal reservoir simulator, the STARS. It is found that both models P and G, though each having different kinetics schemes and parameters, provided very similar qualitative predictions of the oil saturation and temperature profiles. However, model Gwas found to predict an - 3 ○ unphysically high fuel concentration (206 - 330 kg m ) at relatively low temperature (i.e. 165 to 252 C) at the base of the reservoir. This is not surprising since the field scale kinetics parameters for model Gwhere not