accurate masses, possible chemical formulae and IFSs of its metabolites in rat plasma were acquired using FT- ICR MS. Results: Besides gastrodin, a total of eight metabolites including two phase I and six phase II metabolites were detected. Their chemical formulae were decisively determined by IFSs. Furthermore, their chemical structures were identified by comparing their fragment ions with those of gastrodin. Results indicated the metabolic pathways of gastrodin in rats including deglycosylation, oxidation, glucuronidation, sulfate conjugation and glycine conjugation. Conclusions: It is demonstrated that IFSs are effective in unambiguous determination of chemical formulae of metabolites. It could be used as a feasible strategy to enhance the reliability of metabolite identification in drug metabolism studies.

Xu, P., Du, H., Peng, X., Tang, Y., Zhou, Y., Chen, X., Fei, J., Meng, Y., Yuan, L., 2020. Degradation of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by laccase in reverse micelle system. Science of The Total Environment 708, 134970.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719349629 Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oily sludge has become the focus of attention. UV spectrophotometer analysis showed that four types of PAHs were found in sample, which including a b phenanthrene, anthracene, benzo( )anthracene and benzo( )fluoranthene. In order to degrade PAH effectively, the laccase reverse micelles system was proposed. The system protects laccase from being affected by organic W phase. Reverse micelles were prepared by using isooctane to simulate oil. The optimum water content was 0 10 by measuring the electrical conductivity of the system. Under this condition, the effects of pH, temperature and ionic strength on the degradation rate of PAHs were investigated. Also, compared with that of non- immobilized laccase, the ratio between the secondary structures of laccase under different conditions was studied. The results showed that the highest laccase activity was obtained at pH 4.2 and 30 °C with 60 mmol/L KCl. Meanwhile, the structure of α -helix accounts for the largest prop ortion, and the ratio of α -helix in the laccase secondary structure in the laccase-reverse micelle system was higher than that of the non-immobilized one under this condition. Finally, predicting the reactive site of the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was simulated by ORCA (Version 4.2.0). The application in oily sludge was further conducted. This study provides an effective method and basis for the degradation of PAHs in oily sludge.

Xu, S., Gou, Q., Hao, F., Zhang, B., Shu, Z., Lu, Y., Wang, Y., 2020. Shale pore structure characteristics of the high and low productivity wells, Jiaoshiba shale gas field, Sichuan Basin, China: Dominated by lithofacies or preservation condition? Marine and Petroleum Geology 114, 104211.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817219306658 Both the characteristics of lithofacies and tectonic movements are important factors in controlling the development, destruction, and preservation of pores in shale reservoirs. However, the main factors that control the structure of shale pores are complex and highly disputed, restricting the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the accumulation of shale gas. In this study, mineral composition and geochemical analyses, high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and low-pressure gas adsorption (N and 2 CO ) were conducted to evaluate the pore systems of different types shale in the Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin. 2 A total of three shale groups, including silica-rich high production shales, clay-rich low production shales, and silica-rich low production shales were identified on the basis of lithofacies and gas-bearing characteristics. The highest values of TOC, pore volume, and specific surface area are found in the silica-rich high production - 3 3 2 shales, with an average of 4.182%, 33.04 × 10 cm /g, and 38.71 m /g, respectively. The total pore volume and specific surface area in the clay-rich low production shales are 19.85% and 28.62% lower than that of silica-rich high production shales. This suggests that the types of lithofacies have a more prominent influence on the specific surface area of the shales, while the pore volume plays a smaller role. However, the pressure in silica- rich low production shales is often released due to strong tectonic deformation. The OMpores in the silica-rich