discovered within the reservoir. The permeability results obtained by equating the bound water and total water saturations to the irreducible water saturation gave the 26mD and 16mD as the upper (clean sand) and lower (pure shale) limits of the effective permeability values for the reservoir. The result obtained using the new model showed that the effective permeability is 21mD within the transition zone. Other petrophysical results showed that the reservoir has an effective porosity of 20% and effective water saturation of 12%. Based on these reservoir results, it is understood that the well is highly compact and will not flow during production.

Erickson, T.M., Kirkland, C.L., Timms, N.E., Cavosie, A.J., Davison, T.M., 2020. Precise radiometric age establishes Yarrabubba, Western Australia, as Earth's oldest recognised meteorite impact structure. Nature Communications 11, 300.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13985-7 The ~70 km- diameter Yarrabubba impact structure in Western Australia is regarded as among Earth's oldest, but has hitherto lacked precise age constraints. Here we present U - Pb ages for impact-driven shock- recrystallised accessory minerals. Shock-recrystall ised monazite yields a precise impact age of 2229 ± 5 Ma, coeval with shock-reset zircon. This result establishes Yarrabubba as the oldest recognised meteorite impact structure on Earth, extending the terrestrial cratering record back >200 million years. T he age of Yarrabubba coincides, within uncertainty, with temporal constraint for the youngest Palaeoproterozoic glacial deposits, the Rietfontein diamictite in South Africa. Numerical impact simulations indicate that a 70 km-diameter crater into 13 15 a continen tal glacier could release between 8.7 × 10 to 5.0 × 10 kg of H O vapour instantaneously into the 2 atmosphere. These results provide new estimates of impact-produced H O vapour abundances for models 2 investigating termination of the Paleoproterozoic glaciations, and highlight the possible role of impact cratering in modifying Earth's climate.

Ernst, R.E., Rodygin, S.A., Grinev, O.M., 2020. Age correlation of Large Igneous Provinces with Devonian biotic crises. Global and Planetary Change 185, 103097.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092181811930582X Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) are emerging as a significant driver of short duration climatic change including mass extinctions. Here we compare the record of LIPs against the timing of Devonian biotic crises that are well recorded in the numerous anoxia events throughout this period. The largest LIPs are two-pulse events at ca. 370 and ca. 360 Ma that are present in both Siberia (Yakutsk-Vilyui LIP) and Baltica (Kola-Dnieper LIP) and correlate with the Kellwasser anoxia events (late Frasnian) and Annulata or Dasberg and Hangenberg anoxia events in the late/latest Famennian. The regionally significant Altai Sayan LIP is only approximately dated at c.400 Ma and within uncertainties could be linked to either (or both?) the c. 405 Ma Chebbi or Atopus anoxia events near the basal Emsian (associated with graptolite extinction) or the c. 385 - 390 Ma group of anoxia events in the Eifelian or Givetian. Additional magmatic events that are less precisely dated are: 1) the c. 400 - 345 Ma Kedon magmatism of the Omolon craton, possibly linked with the Yakutsk-Vilyui event, 2) 380 - 330 Ma Maritimes (Magdalen) basin event of the Appalachian region of eastern Canada and adjacent US, 3) middle-late Devonian Selwyn basin alkaline magmatism of northwestern Canada, and 4) the Ordovician - late Silurian- possibly Devonian Soltan Maidan event Iran. However, more precise dating is required for each of these magmatic events before they can be properly compared with the Devonian biotic crisis record.

Escher, B.I., Abagyan, R., Embry, M., Klüver, N., Redman, A.D., Zarfl, C., Parkerton, T.F., 2020. Recommendations for improving methods and models for aquatic hazard assessment of ionizable organic chemicals. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 39, 269-286.

https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4602