Marine is the harshest corrosive environment where almost all marine underwater equipment and facilities undergo corrosion caused by marine microorganisms. With the development of marine resources globally, the marine engineering and relevant infrastructures have increased exponentially. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) leads to severe safety accidents and great economic losses. The specific aggregation of corrosive microbial communities and their interactions with materials conform to a typical ecological adaptation mechanism. On the one hand, corrosive biofilms in the marine environment selectively colonize on a specific steel substrate by utilizing their complex community composition and various extracellular polymeric substances; on the other hand, the elemental composition and surface microstructure of different engineering steels affect the microbial community and corrosive process. MIC in the marine environment is a dynamic process evolving with the formation of corrosive biofilms and corrosion products. In this mini-review, the interactions between corrosive biofilm and steel substrates are explored and discussed, especially those conducted in situ in the marine environment. Herein, the important role of iron in the dynamic process of marine corrosion is highlighted.

MacKenzie, M.D., Dietrich, S.T., 2020. Atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition in the Athabasca oil sands region is correlated with foliar nutrient levels and soil chemical properties. Science of The Total Environment 711, 134737.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896971934728X The oil extraction industry and human activity in north eastern Alberta has been growing steadily since the 1960's and is a source of air pollution. In the late 1990's the Wood Buffalo Environmental Association was established to monitor air quality for both public and environmental health. A primary environmental concern was soil acidification caused by sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition. A network of forest health monitoring (FHM) sites was established in dry jack pine ecosystems to serve as an early indicator of negative impacts. A sampling campaign was executed in 2011 and this study examines soil properties and foliar nutrients in the 2- context of measured and modeled acid deposition. Total N (TN), SO , pH, base cation to aluminum ratio 4 (BC:Al), and base saturation (% BS) are reported for the organic layer (LFH) and 3 depths in the mineral soil, while foliar nutrients were analysed from current annual growth in jack pine needles. Atmospheric deposition of S, N, BC, and potential acid input (PAI) in the study area was recently provided by Edgerton et al. (2020) and soil and foliar chemistry was evaluated based on deposition estimates and measurements. Inverse distance weighting was used to examine spatial patterns and regression analysis was used to quantify relationships 2- between variables. The results indicated that S deposition is spatially correlated with foliar SO concentration, 4 2- 2- and LFH SO , but not mineral topsoil (0 -5 cm) SO . Nitrogen deposition was spatially correlated with foliar 4 4 N concentration, but not LFH or topsoil TN indicating potential uptake by the foliage or rapid uptake by roots in the LFH layer. High BC deposition in the same areas with the highest potential acid inputs (PAI) did not correlate significantly with changes in soil pH. However, LFH pH was significantly related to dry NH 3 deposition, which has not been reported previously and requires further investigation.

Maddahian, R., Farsani, A.T., Ghorbani, M., 2020. Numerical investigation of asphaltene fouling growth in crude oil preheat trains using multi-fluid approach. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 188, 106879.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920410519312951 In this study, the asphaltene deposition and the fouling layer growth are modeled using the multi-fluid approach. The crude oil is considered as a multi-species fluid which the asphaltene species can deposit on the heat transfer surfaces due to the volume reaction. The effective mechanisms of asphaltene particle transport are the molecular and eddy diffusions. Therefore the species modeling approach is utilized for particles transport by diffusion processes in the carrier phase. To model the fouling layer growth without considering an initial thickness for the deposited layer, extra terms are added to the momentum equations of primary and secondary phases. The results of the numerical model are validated against available experimental data and a good agreement is seen. Finally, the developed model is applied for a specific case and the effect of fouling layer growth on the fluid velocity, the temperature variations, and the heat transfer rate are investigated. The results show that the heat transfer rate decreases during the fouling and the developed model could predict accurately the physics of fouling layer growth.