high level of structural homogeneity between and within vitrinite particles, allowing assessment of differences between samples of different ranks. For vitrinite, the Raman spectral parameters GFWHMand DAs/GA (Area /Area , s is the saddle point (1100-s) (s-1650) - 1 - 1 2 between 1100 cm and 1650 cm ) are highly correlated (R > 0.9) with vitrinite reflectance (R ) and maximum r alteration temperature (T ), and allow establishment of geothermometers over the temperature range of ~70 - peak 300 °C that can be used to evaluate temperatures attained in intruded coals.

Li, Li, Q., Zhu, J., Li, S., Zhang, R., Xiao, T., Sand, W., 2020. Interactions between cells of thermosulfidooxidans Leptospirillum ferriphilum and during pyrite bioleaching. Frontiers in Microbiology 11, 44. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020. 00044.

https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00044 Sulfobacillus Leptospirillum and occur frequently in leaching systems. Here we investigated the effects of cells L. ferriphilum S. thermosulfidooxidans of on biofilm formation and leaching performance by . The effects were L. ferriphilum L. ferriphilum caused by the presence of or an addition of pyrite leach liquor from . Data show S. thermosulfidooxidans that the number of attached on pyrite increases, if the pyrite had been pre-colonized by L. ferriphilum living biofilms of , while it decreases if the pre-colonized biofilms had been inactivated. S. thermosulfidooxidans L. ferriphilum Coaggregation between and occurs during the dual-species biofilm L. ferriphilum formation, but different effects on bioleaching were noted, if the preculture of had been different. L. ferriphilum If had been pre-colonized on a pyrite, significantly negative effect was shown. However, if the two species were simultaneously inoculated into a sterile leaching system, the bioleaching efficiency was better S. thermosulfidooxidans than that of a pure culture of . The effect might be related to a metabolic preference of S. thermosulfidooxidans S. thermosulfidooxidans L. . If performed leaching in a filtered pyrite leachate from ferriphilum , the cells preferred to oxidize RISCs instead of ferrous ion and the number of attached cells decreased compared with the control. This study gives an indication that in a short-term multi-species leaching S. thermosufidooxidans system the role of may be related to the time of its introduction.

Li, S., Wang, Q., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Wan, X., Martín-Closas, C., 2020. Filling a gap in the evolution of charophytes during the Turonian to Santonian: Implications for modern physiognomy. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 274, 104154.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666719302647 The fossil record of Turonian to Santonian charophytes is very poor worldwide, probably due to the limited non-marine records from this age, when there was a global high stand in the relative sea level and, thus, a reduction in non-marine habitats. After this gap, the charophyte floras changed to their modern physiognomy, with dominance of the Characeae. Charophytes from the Turonian to Santonian in the Songliao Basin help to fill this significant gap in the evolution of charophytes. The recorded flora is formed by one member of the Atopochara trivolvis restricta, Nodosochara Clavatoraceae, var. and a greater diversity of Characeae, including Turbochara heilongjiangensis Lamprothamnium ellipticum Lychnothamnus barbosai ( ) comb. nov., , and Lychnothamnus quantouensis comb. nov. These findings showed that the Characeae began to dominate charophyte floras during the global sea level high stand, up to 8 Ma earlier than previously reported. The Lychnothamnus occurrence of the genus in the Turonian in the Songliao Basin represents the oldest record in A trivolvis restricta Eurasia of this still-living genus. The occurrence of . var. in the Turonian to Santonian in China in comparison with its previous records in the Albian? - Cenomanian in Europe indicates that this variety Atopochara trivolvis multivolvis survived as a relict in North China, while the more-derived variety var. had evolved elsewhere. The charophyte flora thrived in large, shallow, permanent freshwater lakes and sometimes in palustrine settings of the Quantou, Qingshankou and Yaojia formations, which explains its higher biodiversity in contrast with the other records that belong mainly to brackish settings.

Li, S., Wang, Q., Zhang, K., Li, Z., 2020. Monitoring of CO and CO oil-based foam flooding processes in 2 2 fractured low-permeability cores using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Fuel 263, 116648.