connected pore elements which capture the pore geometry and topology. This method discards the difference between pore bodies and throats; instead, it treats them equally as pore elements that capture the features of pore structure from the widest to the narrowest part of the pore space (pore body to pore throat), honors the topology, and does not oversegment the pore space. The method is a higher-level discretization of the pore space, compared to other traditional methods, which construct pore throats explicitly. Pore networks were extracted from three test images using the method and the computed flow properties are compared with finite element simulation, in terms of absolute permeability. A reasonable agreement with finite element simulation is achieved, demonstrating the value and functionality of the new pore structure quantification method.

Wang, H., Ge, D., Cheng, Z., Zhu, N., Yuan, H., Lou, Z., 2020. Improved understanding of dissolved organic matter transformation in concentrated leachate induced by hydroxyl radicals and reactive chlorine species. Journal of Hazardous Materials 397, 121702.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389419316565 Concentrated leachate (CL) is commonly featured with high salt and dissolved organic matters (DOM). In this study, molecular transformation of DOM was revealed to identify the reactive mechanisms with (non-) radical + reactive species in ozonation, electrolysis and E -ozonation processes. Chlorine ions were efficiently activated into non- radical reactive chlorine species (RCS) with 245.7 mg/L, which was more dominant in electrolysis. -4 -4 Compared to ozonation, C was increased from 2.6 × 10 mg/L into 5.8 × 10 mg/L and the generation of •OH + Cl•/ClO• could be concluded according to the decline of non -radical RCS in E -ozonation process. For chromophoric and fluorescent DOM, aromatic compounds and polymerization degree dramatically decreased in + E -ozonation. Lipid-like and CRAM/lignin- like compounds were substantially degraded, as •OH and ClO•/Cl• shows an affinity towards oxygen-containing organic compounds via single electron transfer by attracting O-H bonds. Especially, carbon/hydrogen/oxygen (CHO-containing) compounds were readily to be degraded with the + removal efficiency of 92.5%, 97.0% and 98.4% in electrolysis, ozonation and E -ozonation, respectively. Moreover, nitrogen atoms have a negative effect on DOM degradation, and thus, carbon/hydrogen/nitrogen and carbon/hydrogen/nitrogen/sulfur (CHN- and CHNS-containing) compounds were considered as refractory + compounds. This paper is expected to shed light on the synergetic effect in E -ozonation and transformation of refractory DOM in CL treatment.

Wang, H., Li, H., Sun, K., Huang, H., Zhu, P., Lu, Z., 2020. Impact of exogenous nitrogen on the cyanobacterial abundance and community in oil-contaminated sediment: A microcosm study. Science of The Total Environment 710, 136296.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719362928 The pollution caused by oil spills is a global problem, and outbreaks of blue algae in oil-polluted areas are harmful to plankton in the ocean. The ocean is a barren environment limited by low availabilities of nitrogen and other nutrients, and further nitrogen limitation caused by oil contamination is considered one of the important factors leading to outbreaks of cyanobacteria, but the effects of nitrogen amendment in this situation are not well understood. Here, we present the results from nitrogen amendment experiments conducted in oil- contaminated microcosms. Green mats appeared on the sediment surface of each treatment group at different time points. The appearance of cyanobacterial blooms in the oil-contaminated group supplemented with nitrogen was significantly delayed compared with that in the oil-contaminated group without nitrogen addition. Moreover, oil promoted nitrogen fixation and stimulated the growth of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in the oil- contaminated microcosms. Our results suggest that nitrogen limitation is a vital factor for the induction of cyanobacterial blooms in oil-contaminated environments, and the addition of nitrogen reduced the abundance of cyanobacteria by up to approximately 2.5-fold and slowed the bloom process.

Wang, J.-Z., Lei, Y., Xiao, Y., He, X., Liang, J., Jiang, J., Dong, S., Ke, H., Leon, P., Zerbe, P., Xiao, Y., Dehesh, Arabidopsi K., 2020. Uncovering the functional residues of isoprenoid biosynthesis enzyme HDS. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, 355-361.