Plain Language Summary: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (~55.9 Ma) records a period of climate warming associated with the injection of thousands of gigatons of carbon into the atmosphere. However, the sources of the carbon are still unclear. Our study uses geochemical data (osmium isotopes, mercury, sulfur, and platinum group elements) of two North Atlantic Ocean drill cores across the Paleocene-Eocene interval to suggest that both a comet impact and large-scale volcanism occurred at that time. The co met is estimated to be small (~3.3 km diameter) with ~0.4 Gt carbon and thus cannot be responsible for the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. However, climate modeling suggests that the comet impact might have caused transient cooling and reduced precipitation.

Liu, Z., Liu, D., Cai, Y., Yao, Y., Pan, Z., Zhou, Y., 2020. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in coalbed methane and shale reservoirs: A review. International Journal of Coal Geology 218, 103261.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166516218310723 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been applied widely and successfully in conventional and unconventional reservoirs, and can be used to investigate petrophysical properties and fluid flow characteristics. This non-destructive, sensitive, and quick technique has been utilized in determination of pore type, porosity, pore size distribution, permeability prediction, wettability estimation, and fluid type, state and flow behavior. In this paper, the application of NMR to investigate coalbed methane and shale reservoirs is reviewed. Most of the reviewed studies are related to porosity and pore characteristics, which can be determined by analyzing the characteristics of the T distribution, allowing for examination of pore type and pore connectivity as well as 2 calculation of total porosity and pore size distribution. Permeability models developed for reservoir rocks and based on porosity determined using NMR are well established and have been extended or modified to evaluate the permeability of coal or shale. Reviewed studies also include wettability investigation by comparing the subtraction of T distribution before and after fluid injection. Reviewed recent advances have further discussed 2 the method of distinguishing fluid type, fluid state, and simulating fluid behavior using one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR methods combined with changes of T distribution. The aim of this review is to provide 2 readers with an overview of the capabilities of NMR and its extension to scientific research by improving the parameter optimization of the instrument and establishing the calculation method for effective surface relaxivity for coals or shales.

Long, T., Clement, S.W.J., Xie, H., Liu, D., 2020. Design, construction and performance of a TOF-SIMS for analysis of trace elements in geological materials. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 450, 116289.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1387380619303446 in-situ A new TOF-SIMS with high spatial and mass resolution has been constructed and applied to the micro- scale analysis of trace elements in geological materials with complex structural and chemical features. Double second-order reflectrons without mesh between different electric field regions of achieve greatly improved - ca. secondary ion transmission and mass resolution. The new TOF-SIMS can produce an O beam of 5 μm 2 ca. diameter with a beam intensity of 5 nA and a secondary ion mass resolution of more than 20,000 (FWHM). Functionality has been demonstrated by the analysis of Ti and rare earth elements in zircon.

Lopez Bedogni, G., Massello, L.F., Giaveno, A., Donati, R.E., Urbieta, S.M., 2019. A deeper look into the biodiversity of the extremely acidic Copahue volcano-Río Agrio System in Neuquén, Argentina. Microorganisms 8, 58.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/1/58 The Copahue volcano-Río Agrio system, on Patagonia Argentina, comprises the naturally acidic river Río Agrio, that runs from a few meters down the Copahue volcano crater to more than 40 km maintaining low pH waters, and the acidic lagoon that sporadically forms on the crater of the volcano, which is studied for the first time in this work. We used next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the entire prokaryotic