obtained in a systematic way, rather, they were obtained via trial and error. Additionally, model G's kinetics scheme is heavily dependent on the stoichiometric coefficient of the reaction's product. As a consequence, it is concluded that model P provided a more realistic prediction of the physicochemical processes, and hence, it should be used for future field studies.

Ahn, S.H., Kim, K., Jo, N., Kang, J.J., Lee, J.H., Whitledge, T.E., Stockwell, D.A., Lee, H.W., Lee, S.H., 2020. Fluvial influence on the biochemical composition of particulate organic matter in the Laptev and Western East Siberian seas during 2015. Marine Environmental Research 155, 104873.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113619303435 13 Here, we investigated the elemental (C/N ratio) and isotopic signatures (δ C) and major biomolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) and their relative abundance (i.e., the biochemical composition) in particulate organic matter (POM) to assess their origin and fate in the Laptev and western East Siberian seas during late summer/fall of 2015. In addition, we compared our results with the summer data of 2013 collected from Laptev and northwestern East Siberian seas. In accordance with the observed hydrological structure (i.e., a 13 northward, warmer, diluted freshwater plume than previously observed in 2013), the more depleted δ C (-28.2 ± 0.9‰) and higher C/N ratio (10.8 ± 2.0) than those of 2013 signalled that fluvially released terrestrial organic carbon (TerrOC) was the main source of the POM, unlike in 2013, when phytoplankton was the dominant 13 source (δ C = -24.9 ± 1.0‰, C/N ratio = 7.6 ± 2.4; Ahn et al., 2019). During the offshore transport of heterogeneous TerrOC, carbohydrates seem to be the primary contributor to the bulk POM as a result of selective degradation and hydrodynamic sorting. Despite the TerrOC-dominated system in 2015, some marine influence was also found. The estimated phytoplankton biomass was low and comparable among the study sites. In addition, the presence of resting spores and high ammonium concentrations within the water column may suggest senescent and, to some extent, degrading conditions of the resident phytoplankton. In this regard, carbohydrate concentrations and freshwater content were significantly correlated (r = 0.79, p < 0.01), suggesting that carbohydrates are useful inferences of freshwater within overall study sites, at least when the marine influence is similar or low.

Akhondzadeh, H., Keshavarz, A., Al-Yaseri, A.Z., Ali, M., Awan, F.U.R., Wang, X., Yang, Y., Iglauer, S., Lebedev, M., 2020. Pore-scale analysis of coal cleat network evolution through liquid nitrogen treatment: A Micro-Computed Tomography investigation. International Journal of Coal Geology 219, 103370.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016651621930984X Coalbed methane extraction suffers from low permeability, and liquid nitrogen treatment has been suggested as one of the methods to address this issue. This study thus investigates cryogenic liquid N fracturing of a 2 bituminous coal at pore scale through 3D X-ray micro- computed tomography. The μ -CT results clearly demonstrate that freezing the coal with liquid nitrogen increases the porosity by over 11% and creates fracture planes with large apertures originating from the pre-existing cleats in the rock. The images also suggest connection establishment of the cleat network with originally isolated pores and micro-cleats following the freezing, thereby increasing pore network connectivity. Furthermore, SEM images of the frozen sample highlights the appearance of continuous wide conductive fractures with the maximum aperture size of 9 μm. The analysis of mechanical properties through Nano-indentation technique shows a decrease of up to 25% in the indentation modulus due to increase in the compressibility of the cracked rock. Moreover, as the main purpose of this fracturing treatment, the permeability evolution of the coal is examined computationally and experimentally. Lattice Boltzmann simulations on the μ -CT images highlight two-fold enhancement in permeability measure of the treated rock. Additionally, the outcome of core flooding tests shows 2.5 times increase in the permeability measure after liquid nitrogen exposure. This study thus provides a visual understanding of fracturing mechanism associated with liquid nitrogen treatment of a coal, and quantifies the pore structure and permeability evolution of the rock.