A Scopus search on 'extraction' and 'chromatography' provides more than 122 000 research papers, and a similar search on 'extraction' and 'spectrometry' identifies about 76 000 documents. Among all these papers, about 8 000 were published in 2019. Providing a balanced overview and identifying all major trends among these papers is 'mission impossible'. Therefore, in this annual review we have made a selection and focused on new (a) liquid and (b) solid extraction phases and (c) on microextraction systems. Research on (a) and (b) is basically about intermolecular interactions and chemistry. This is of general interest and can be used in many different applications and technical configurations. Research on (c) is about technical configurations and applicability of miniaturized extraction systems, which is a major trend in the field. The purpose is to give a flavor of the research, mainly based on research papers published in 2019. We discuss the principles and the trends, and we highlight selected papers from 2019. For readers interested in more details, dedicated reviews for further reading are provided. The scientific activity level within (a), (b), and (c) has been indicated by the number of papers found in Scopus. These numbers are definitely not exact and are intended as rough estimates only. The selection of highlighted papers was supported by Scopus 2019 citation frequency.

Haram, L.E., Carlton, J.T., Ruiz, G.M., Maximenko, N.A., 2020. A Plasticene Lexicon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 150, 110714.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X19308707 As plastic pollution in the environment has increased rapidly in the last half century, so too has the study of the effects of plastic on marine, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. From this research, a series of new terms has emerged to describe the phenomena unique to the presence of plastic-based materials in nature. In this short note, we bring together disparate neologisms into a single lexicon with the aim to encourage use of a unified vocabulary to describe the new reality of ecological, chemical, and geological systems in the age of plastics.

Harper, D.A.T., Cascales-Miñana, B., Servais, T., 2020. Early Palaeozoic diversifications and extinctions in the marine biosphere: a continuum of change. Geological Magazine 157, 5-21.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756819001298 A review of biodiversity curves of marine organisms indicates that, despite fluctuations in amplitude (some large), a large-scale, long-term radiation of life took place during the early Palaeozoic Era; it was aggregated by a succession of more discrete and regionalized radiations across geographies and within phylogenies. This major biodiversification within the marine biosphere started during late Precambrian time and was only finally interrupted in the Devonian Period. It includes both the Cambrian Explosion and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. The establishment of modern marine ecosystems took place during a continuous chronology of the successive establishment of organisms and their ecological communities, developed during the 'Cambrian substrate revolution', the 'Ordovician plankton revolution', the 'Ordovician substrate revolution', the 'Ordovician bioerosion revolution' and the 'Devonian nekton revolution'. At smaller scales, different regional but important radiations can be recognized geographically and some of them have been identified and named (e.g. those associated with the 'Richmondian Invasion' during Late Ordovician time in Laurentia and the contemporaneous 'Boda event' in parts of Europe and North Africa), in particular from are as that were in or moved towards lower latitudes, allowing high levels of speciation on epicontintental seas during these intervals. The datasets remain incomplete for many other geographical areas, but also for particular time intervals (e.g. during the l ate Cambrian 'Furongian Gap'). The early Palaeozoic biodiversification therefore appears to be a long-term process, modulated by bursts in significant diversity and intervals of inadequate data, where its progressive character will become increasingly clearer with the availability of more complete datasets, with better global coverage and more advanced analytical techniques.

Hashemi-Nasab, F.S., Parastar, H., 2020. Pattern recognition analysis of gas chromatographic and infrared spectroscopic fingerprints of crude oil for source identification. Microchemical Journal 153, 104326.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026265X19325342