Premises were listed as outcomes to be considered in the decision making and development of EOR projects. Examples of said considerations include: (1) Every EOR process is case-specific and analogies are difficult to make, hence we still need serious efforts for project design and research for specific processes and technologies, (2) discontinuity in fundamental and case-specific research has been one of the essential reasons preventing the continuity of the projects rather than drops in oil prices, and (3) any EOR project can be made economical, if technical success is proven, through proper optimization methods and continuous project monitoring whilst considering the minimal profit that the company can tolerate. Finally, through the 'philosophical' approach and using worldwide successful EOR cases, the following three parameters were found to be the most important factors in running successful EOR applications, regardless of oil prices and risky investment costs, to extend the life span of the reservoir and warrant both short and long- term profit: (1) Proper technical design and implementation of the selected EOR method through continuous monitoring and re-engineering the project (how to apply more than what to apply), (2) good reservoir characterization and geological descriptions and their effect on the mechanics of the EOR process, and (3) paying attention to experience and expertise (human factor). It is believed that the systematic analysis and philosophical approach followed in this paper and the outcome will provide proper guidance to EOR projects for upcoming decades.

Bailey, S.E., Kupczik, K., Hublin, J.-J., Antón, S.C., 2020. Reply to Scott et al: A closer look at the 3-rooted lower second molar of an archaic human from Xiahe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, 39.

http://www.pnas.org/content/117/1/39.abstract Scott et al. (1) take issue with our claim (2) that the presence of a 3-rooted lower molar (3RLM) in the Xiahe mandible (3) provides a morphological link between Denisovans and recent Asians. Below we address their main points:1) Scott et al. (1) claim tha t our assessment is based on the 'wrong' tooth. While it is true that the 3RLM is rare on M2, regardless of the tooth position, the 3RLM is strongly linked to Asia. At least one clinical study found the 3RLM on the M2 to be 60% more frequent (2.8% vs. 1.7%) in Asian vs. non-Asian populations (4). Moreover, even if M1 is the 'key' tooth for the 3RLM, it does not follow that its … Original Article: Bailey, S.E., Hublin, J.-J., Antón, S.C., 2019. Rare dental trait provides morphological evidence of archaic introgression in Asian fossil record, PNAS 116 (30) 14806-14807. Comment by: Scott, G.R., Irish, J.D., Martinón-Torres, M., 2020. A more comprehensive view of the Denisovan 3-rooted lower second molar from Xiahe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, 37.

Bajerski, F., Bürger, A., Glasmacher, B., Keller, E.R.J., Müller, K., Mühldorfer, K., Nagel, M., Rüdel, H., Müller, T., Schenkel, J., Overmann, J., 2020. Factors determining microbial colonization of liquid nitrogen storage tanks used for archiving biological samples. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104, 131-144.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10242-1 The availability of bioresources is a precondition for life science research, medical applications, and diagnostics, but requires a dedicated quality management to guarantee reliable and safe storage. Anecdotal reports of bacterial isolates and sample contamination indicate that organisms may persist in liquid nitrogen (LN) storage tanks. To evaluate the safety status of cryocollections, we systematically screened organisms in the LN phase and in ice layers covering inner surfaces of storage tanks maintained in different biobanking facilities. We applied a culture-independent approach combining cell detection by epifluorescence microscopy with the amplification of group-specific marker genes and high-throughput sequencing of bacterial ribosomal genes. In the LN phase, neither cells nor bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers were detectable (detection 2 3 4 limit, 10 cells per ml, 10 gene copies per ml). In several cases, small numbers of bacteria of up to 10 cells per Mycoplasma ml and up to 106 gene copies per ml, as well as , or fungi were detected in the ice phase formed underneath the lids or accumulated at the bottom. The bacteria most likely originated from the stored materials Elizabethingia, Janthibacterium Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, themselves ( ), the technical environment (