http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953419303885 Rhodosporidium In recent years, sp. has received significant interest in advanced biofuel production due to its ability to accumulate more than 60% lipid of their total dry cell weight. Moreover, it can thrive on a wide variety of substrates, has high inhibitor tolerance, and faster growth rate. Despite these advantages and based on Rhodosporidium current technological advancement, the true potential of sp. as a biofuel producer and its commercialization feasibility is still questionable. Thus, this review aims to illustrate the problems that are Rhodosporidium associated with sp. in the field of biofuel production. Apart from this, information regarding factors affecting lipid accumulation, and the role of genetic and metabolic engineering is presented. Additionally, the economic outlook of microbial lipid-derived using lignocellulosic biomass has also been Rhodosporidium reviewed. Drop-in oil production and its commercialization needs are discussed to bring sp. into the limelight and, eventually, to revolutionize the entire biofuel industry.

Saint-Vincent, P.M.B., Pekney, N.J., 2020. Beyond-the-meter: Unaccounted sources of methane emissions in the natural gas distribution sector. Environmental Science &Technology 54, 39-49.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04657 The United States Environmental Protection Agency maintains an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Methane (CH ), a potent gas with a global 4 warming potential 86 - 125× that of carbon dioxide (CO ) over a twenty-year period, is the main component of 2 natural gas (NG). As NGbecomes an increasingly larger percentage of the energy resources used in the United States, it is ever more important to evaluate the CH emissions inventory. However, the inventory also does not 4 account for all possible sources of CH leaks, contributing to uncertainty in the national CH inventory. 4 4 Discrepancies between top-down and bottom-up inventories of CH emissions imply that there are significant 4 unaccounted-for sources of CH leaks, especially over cities. Diffuse CH plumes above cities that are not 4 4 attributable to distribution pipelines or other NG infrastructure suggest many small beyond-the-meter leaks together contribute to large emissions. Here, we evaluate the distribution sector of the CH emissions inventory 4 and make suggestions to improve the inventory by analyzing end-user emissions. Preliminary research into beyond-the-meter emissions suggests that while individually small, the appliances and buildings that make up the residential sector could contribute significantly to national scale emissions. Furnaces are the most leak- prone of appliances, contributing to 0.14% of total CH emissions from the NGsector in the United States. 4 Combining measurements from whole house emissions and steady-state operation of appliances, we estimate that residential homes and appliances could release 9.1 Gg CH yearly in the United States, totaling over 2% of 4 the CH released from the NGsector. While factors such as appliance age and usage, climate, and residential 4 setting could influence the emissions profile of individual appliances, these preliminary estimates justify further exploration of beyond-the-meter emissions.

Sakamoto, Sakamoto, T., Qiu, Z., Inagaki, M., Fujimoto, K., 2020. Simultaneous amino acid analysis based on F NMR using a modified OPA-derivatization method. Analytical Chemistry 92, 1669-1673.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05311 To provide alternative methods of analyzing amino acids without liquid chromatography, 19F NMR based simultaneous and individual detection methods for amino acids using o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) based 19F labeling have been developed. Since the chemical shifts of almost all 19F-labeled amino acids differ from each other, and they can be discriminated on the 19F NMR spectrum, simultaneous detection of amino acids has been successfully demonstrated. The discrimination pattern of the peak identical to that of the 19F labeled amino acids was largely dependent on the chemical structure of the thiols having 19F nuclei, strongly suggesting that there is a large potential for clearer discrimination of amino acids by optimizing the thiol structure and/or combined use of thiols.