Mitra, S., Maiorana-Boutilier, A., Moore, C.R., Napier, W.M., Parlier, J., Tankersley, K.B., Thomas, B.C., Wittke, J.H., West, A., Kennett, J.P., 2018. Extraordinary biomass-burning episode and impact winter triggered ∼ by the Younger Dryas cosmic impact 12,800 years ago. 2. Lake, marine, and terrestrial sediments. The Journal of Geology 126, 185-205.

Woulds, C., Bell, J.B., Glover, A.G., Bouillon, S., Brown, L.S., 2020. Benthic carbon fixation and cycling in diffuse hydrothermal and background sediments in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Biogeosciences 17, 1-12.

https://www.biogeosciences.net/17/1/2020/ Sedimented hydrothermal vents are likely to be widespread compared to hard substrate hot vents. They host chemosynthetic microbial communities which fix inorganic carbon (C) at the seafloor, as well as a wide range of macroinfauna, including vent-obligate and background non-vent taxa. There are no previous direct 13 observations of carbon cycling at a sedimented hydrothermal vent. We conducted C isotope tracing experiments at three sedimented sites in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica, which showed different degrees of 13 hydrothermalism. Two experimental treatments were applied, with C added as either algal detritus 13 (photosynthetic C), or as bicarbonate (substrate for benthic C fixation). Algal C was taken up by both bacteria and metazoan macrofaunal, but its dominant fate was respiration, as observed at deeper and more food-limited 13 sites elsewhere. Rates of C uptake and respiration suggested that the diffuse hydrothermal site was not the hot spot of benthic C cycling that we hypothesised it would be. Fixation of inorganic C into bacterial biomass was observed at all sites, and was measurable at two out of three sites. At all sites, newly fixed C was transferred to metazoan macrofauna. Fixation rates were relatively low compared with similar experiments elsewhere; thus, C fixed at the seafloor was a minor C source for the benthic ecosystem. However, as the greatest amount of - 2 benthic C fixation occurred at the 'Off Vent' (non - hydrothermal) site (0.077±0.034 mgCm fixed during 60 h), we suggest that benthic fixation of inorganic C is more widespread than previously thought, and warrants further study.

Wu, Q., Wang, J.-Y., Han, D.-Q., Yao, Z.-P., 2020. Recent advances in differentiation of isomers by ion mobility mass spectrometry. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 124, 115801.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993619305655 Differentiation of isomers is an important analytical task in many fields, e.g., chemistry, biology, pharmaceutical science, medicine, environmental science, food science. Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM- MS) can resolve isobaric ions based on their shape and size and measure the collision cross section (CCS) values of ions to provide information on their intrinsic structures, and is thus a very promising tool for differentiation of isomers. In this review, the applications of IM-MS in differentiation of various isomers including glycans, lipids, amino acids, peptides, proteins, as well as metabolite isomers, chiral isomers, etc. are summarized. Prospects for further development of IM-MS for differentiation of isomers, e.g., improved resolving powers of IM-MS instruments and measurement reproducibility, expanded CCS database and coupling of IM-MS with computational approaches, are also discussed.

Xavier, J.C., 2020. The early origin of cooperation. Nature Ecology &Evolution 4, 18-19.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1075-z The physical linkage of the first self-replicating molecules is likely to have been selected based on their capacity to perform cooperative catalysis.