water 13 water 13 conditions are derived (i) from high- resolution δ O and δ C records obtained from the planktonic Globigerina bulloides foraminifer , and (ii) from summer and winter, foraminifera-based sea surface temperature reconstructions (SST , SST ) achieved through transfer function. The integration of the whole JAS-foram JFM-foram dataset makes it possible to identify in the Balearic Sea, and to accurately characterize for the first time, an Organic Rich Layer (ORL) during latest MIS 20-early MIS 19, close to i-cycle 74. Its presence is marked firstly by higher values of total nitrogen (TN) and an increase of total C -alkenone and total organic carbon (TOC) 37 preserved in the sediments. The multi-proxy approach reveals that the deglacial phase played a prominent role for ORL formation that was characterized by centennial scale phases. The alcohol preservation index (API) suggests that the shoaling of the circulation, which boosted marine productivity, started in the deglaciation and, in combination with freshening by Atlantic water inflow/riverine input and surface water buoyancy during sea level rising, culminated during the ORL event. At this time calcareous plankton proliferated on subsurface- surface waters, benefiting from ameliorating conditions, which promoted maximum marine productivity and higher organic matter preservation on the seafloor.

Radwan, A.E., Abudeif, A.M., Attia, M.M., Elkhawaga, M.A., Abdelghany, W.K., Kasem, A.A., 2020. Geopressure evaluation using integrated basin modelling, well-logging and reservoir data analysis in the northern part of the Badri oil field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences 162, 103743.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1464343X1930398X The evaluation of pore and fracture pressures represents the gist of well planning and execution in drilling operation and exploration, where accurate pore and fracture pressures modelling enables the oil and gas companies to drill targets safely. The scope of this paper is to evaluate pore and fracture pressures in the northern part of the Badri Field, in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt to determine the convenient pore pressure fracture gradient model (PPFG) and to define the pore pressure regime in the subsurface within the Zeit, South Gharib, Belayim and Kareem formations from the top downwards. The pore pressure and fracture gradient model has been assessed using integrated data that include: burial history, well logs (sonic, resistivity and density), offset wells drilling problems, and reservoir pressure. The Amoco overburden equation and Eaton's sonic and resistivity methods were used to estimate the overburden stress and the pore pressure values respectively, while fracture pressure was calculated using the Eaton method. Results show that the maximum pore pressures is in the South Gharib Formation and the lowest pore pressure is within the reservoir sections. Six abnormal pressure zones were detected, these includes four overpressure zones and two sub-normal pressure zones, where the maximum estimated pore pressure was up to 10.5 pound per gallon (ppg) equivalent gradient, which was recorded in the South Gharib Formation. While the minimum measured pore pressure value was recorded at 4.7 (ppg) in the Kareem sandstone reservoir. The fracture gradient ranged between 11.5 and 13.1 (ppg) equivalent density for both the Belayim (Hammam Faraun Member) and Kareem sandstone reservoirs. The main conclusions of this study are, 1) the pore pressure profile is normal, sub-normal and over-pressurized in the study area, 2) the integration of basin modelling, well-logging, drilling problems and direct measurements allow us to evaluate the geopressures in the subsurface horizons, 3) the use of low mud density while drilling into the depleted reservoir zones is the best solution for fluid losses mitigation, 4) the modified surface, intermediate and production casing seats is adequate for the future planned wells profile. 5) providing insights on downhole pressure behavior across stratigraphy in the area of study, to achieve optimum drilling mud designing and adequate casing seats as well as safe and successful operational planning.

Rafter, P.A., Carriquiry, J.D., Herguera, J.-C., Hain, M.P., Solomon, E.A., Southon, J.R., 2019. Anomalous > 2000- year-old surface ocean radiocarbon age as evidence for deglacial geologic carbon release. Geophysical Research Letters 46, 13950-13960.

https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085102 Abstract: Geologic carbon from seafloor volcanism may influence late Pleistocene glacial terminations by increasing the global inventory of the greenhouse gas CO . However, the evidence for geologic carbon flux 2