commercial simulator Eclipse for a fractured tight gas well model. A field case from Longmaxi formation in Southwestern China is used to verify the utility of the model. Moreover, the effects of nonlinear parameters on the performance of the well are analyzed. The results show that the nonlinear factors in shale gas flow model have a great impact on the eventual results of gas production forecasts, especially gas PVT properties and stress-sensitive fracture conductivity.

Cheng, Y., Li, S.-M., Liggio, J., Gordon, M., Darlington, A., Zheng, Q., Moran, M., Liu, P., Wolde, M., 2020. Top- down determination of black carbon emissions from oil sand facilities in Alberta, Canada using aircraft measurements. Environmental Science &Technology 54, 412-418.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05522 Black carbon (BC) emissions from the Canadian oil sand (OS) surface mining facilities in Alberta were investigated using aircraft measurements. BC emission rates were derived with a top-down mass balance approach and were found to be linearly related to the volume of oil sand ore mined at each facility. Two emission factors were determined from the measurements; production-based BC emission factors were in the range of 0.6 - 1.7 g/tonne mined OS ore, whereas fuel-based BC emission factors were between 95 and 190 mg/kg-fuel, depending upon the facility. The annual BC emission, at 707 ± 117 tonnes/year for the facilities, was determined using the production-based emission factors and annual production data. Although this annual emission is in reasonable agreement with the BC annual emissions reported in the latest version of the Canadian national BC inventory (within 16%), the relative split between off-road diesel and stack sources is significantly different between the measurements and the inventory. This measurement evidence highlights the fact that the stack sources of BC may be overestimated and the off-road diesel sources may be underestimated in the inventory and points to the need for improved BC emission data from diesel sources within facilities.

Chiu, H.-H., Kuo, C.-H., 2020. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based analytical strategies for fatty acid analysis in biological samples. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 28, 60-73.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1021949819300985 Fatty acids play critical roles in biological systems. Imbalances in fatty acids are related to a variety of diseases, which makes the measurement of fatty acids in biological samples important. Many analytical strategies have been developed to investigate fatty acids in various biological samples. Due to the structural diversity of fatty acids, many factors need to be considered when developing analytical methods including extraction methods, derivatization methods, column selections, and internal standard selections. This review focused on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC - MS)-based methods. We reviewed several commonly used fatty acid extraction approaches, including liquid - liquid extraction and solid-phase microextraction. Moreover, both acid and base derivatization methods and other specially designed methods were comprehensively reviewed, and their strengths and limitations were discussed. Having good separation efficiency is essential to building an accurate and reliable GC - MS platform for fatty acid analysis. We reviewed the separation performance of different columns and discussed the application of multidimensional GC for improving separations. The selection of internal standards was also discussed. In the final section, we introduced several biomedical studies that measured fatty acid levels in different sample matrices and provided hints on the relationships between fatty acid imbalances and diseases.

Chon-Torres, O.A., 2020. Astrobioethics: a brief discussion from the epistemological, religious and societal dimension. International Journal of Astrobiology 19, 61-67.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S147355041900017X As astrobiology progresses in its quest to discover life on other planets or to put ourselves in another one, so does its moral problematic. Astrobiology is not only part of natural sciences, but also deals with direct aspects of humanities. For this reason, this paper aims to briefly examine astrobioethics from the epistemological, religious and societal dimension. It also deals with different researches in this regard, in order to better