ahmedheakl/docatlas_instruct huggingface dataset:
##### (Year III, Semester V)

## SUBJECT and Development Administration SUBJECT and Development Administration NAME:

##### SUBJECT TYPE: MAJOR II (CORE) SUBJECT CODE: A280503T

Course Course Code:	Subject Code:28	Course Title	Comparative and Development Administration
Course Outcomes: The coursework covers concept and significance of Development, Sustainable Development and Development Administration, how countries are characterized into developing and developed worlds, besides covering Planning, Public Enterprises, Population, United Nations, Role of Bureaucracy, Admin istrative Capability and People's Participation.
Credits - 4	Maximum Marks: 100	Minimum Marks: 33
Total No. of Lectures - Tutorials - Practical (in hours per week): 6-0-0
UNIT	TOPIC	NUMBER OF LECTURES
I	• Comparative Administration: • Meaning, Characteristics. • Formation of CAG.	10
II	• Factors Contributing to the Emergence of CPA. • Significance of CPA.	10
III	• Approaches and Models: • Institutional Approach. • Behavioral System. • Structure-Functional Approach. • Ecological Approach.	10
IV	• Development Administration:	10
Kompetensi Dasar	Indikator	Materi Pokok	AW
- membandingkan jenis- jenis teknologi transportasi pada masa lalu dan masa kini	4 JP
- Menceritakan pengalaman menggunakan teknologi transportasi	4 JP
2.4. Mengenal permasalahan sosial di daerahnya	- Memberi contoh masalah sosial yang sering ditemui di daerahnya (misalnya : masalah sampah dan kali bersih)	4 JP
-	- Menjelaskan kesenjangan sosial yang terjadi seperti kesenjangan sosial ekonomi dan teknologi	4 JP
Uji Kompetensi	2JP
Remedial	2JP
Pengayaan	2JP
Uji Kompetensi Akhir	2JP

Mengetahui, ………………………,20……. Kepala Sekolah SD/MI Guru Kelas / Guru MP

………………………….. …………………………… NIP. NIP.
- S.SIVARAM, M.A.,

## GENERAL MANAGER (BUSINESS). District Revenue Officer.

## Rc.No.BS6/004804/2025 Date. 20.02.2025

To,

The Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence &Statistics. 565, Anandapur, Ward No.108, Plot No.22, Sector-1, Kolkatta.

Sir,

Sub:	Business Section - Tender - TNCSC - Head Office - Short e-tender for the Purchase of Metric Tonnes (MTs) of Tur dal (Split- Husked 60,000 &Fatka)[Indigenous]/ Tur Dal (Split Husked-Imported)/ Lentil locally known as Canadian Yellow Lentil (Split - Husked & Laired No.2) / Lentil locally known as Canadian Yellow Lentil (Whole - Husked & Laired No.2) as per AGMARK specifications for issue under NMP, ICDS and Special Public Distribution System - Publication of Short e- tender -Notification in the Indian Trade Journal - Reg.
Ref:	Urgent Notice regarding Sub-Publication of Indian Trade Journal issued by the Economic Advisor, Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence &Statistics.

***** Kind attention is solicited to the reference cited above and wish to inform that Tamilnadu Civil Supplies Corporation is one of a public sector undertaken by the Government of Tamilnadu has floated short e-tender for the purchase of 60,000 MT. Tur dal (Split- Husked & Fatka) [Indigenous]/ Tur Dal (Split Husked-Imported)/ Lentil locally known as Canadian Yellow Lentil (Split - Husked & Laired No.2) / Lentil locally known as Canadian Yellow Lentil (Whole - Husked & Laired No.2) as per AGMARK specifications for the months of for issuing under NMP. ICDS April, May and June 2025 and Special Public Distribution System. The notification has been sent to the Director of Information and Public Relation of Tamilnadu Government for releasing the publication on 18.02.2025 in and the Tender notification was published in English and Tamil Dailies Dinamalar and The Indian Express on the same day. Tender documents have also been uploaded in Tamilnadu Government website https:tntenders.gov.in./nicgep/app on 18.02.2025.
### HAKIMILIKI

Hairuhusiwi kuiga au kunakili sehemu yoyote ile ya utafiti huu, kwa njia yoyote kama vile kielektroniki, kurudufu nakala au kurekodi bila ya idhini ya mwandishi wake au ruhusa kutoka Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Tanzania.
AI ENGG. SERVICES LIMITED

Name of Work: SITC of New Passenger Lifts (Qty-03Nos) at THQ Building, Hanger No.3, Engg, OAP.

Tender Tender Enquiry No.:EFD/108/01/M/2023-2024 Dated: 16 Jan'2024

## SECTION - I INVITATION TO TENDER

- 1.1.Sealed Tenders are invited by AI Engg. Services Ltd., Santacruz (E),
- Mumbai - 400 029 for the subject work:-
- (i) (i) Date of submission of tender at 1430 hours on 31 Jan'2024
- (ii) Date of tender opening:

a) a) Technical bid……………..… 1500 hours on 31 Jan'2024 st b) Price bid…………….………. 1500 hours on 31 Jan'2024 , or on a later date, as decided by AI after verification of technical bids.

- (iii) Estimated cost…………….....Rs .85,00,000/- all inclusive
- (iv) Security Deposit …………… ..@ 5% of Contract value
- (v) Earnest Money Deposit…… Rs.1,70,000/ (i.e 2% of estimated cost) in form of DD to AIESL..
- (vi) Completion period…… 03 months from the date of issue of works order
- 1.2. Tenders shall be valid for a period of 90 days from the date of opening of the tender.
- 1.3. Tender is to be submitted to office of:-

Dy.General Manager-SS(CO), Engineering Facilities Division, AI Engg. Services Ltd; Old Airport, Santacruz (E), Mumbai - 400 029.

In 2 (two) Envelopes, as under

## Part I Technical bid (Envelope marked - I) Part II Price bid (Envelope marked - II)

Both parts shall be submitted in separate envelopes and shall be identified/ marked clearly as technical bid &price bid.

- 1.4. Part - I, Technical Bid shall include duly filled in, stamped and signed tender form, special conditions of contract, Technical Specifications, scope of work, deviation sheet etc.
- 1.5. Part- II, Price Bid shall include only price quoted along with the Bill of Quantities as per schedules provided in BOQ and 'Price Format'. The quoted prices must be mentioned in the attached formats only. The taxation part and any other costs must be mentioned in 'Price Format' sheet.
Sekolah Dasar (SD) / Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI)

1.4 Menghargai keragaman suku dan budaya di Indonesia - Menunjukkan pada peta persebaran daerah asal suku bangsa di Indonesia - Mengembangkan sikap menghormati keragaman suku bangsa - Mengidentifikasikan keaneka-ragaman budaya yang terdapat di Indonesia - Mengembangkan sikap menghormati budaya di Indonesia
1.5 Mengenal jenis-jenis usaha dan kegiatan ekonomi di Indonesia - Menyebutkan jenis usaha perekonomian dalam masyarakat - Memberi contoh yang dikelola sendiri dan kelompok - Memberi contoh cara menghargai kegiatan setiap orang dalam perusahaan - Memberi contoh kegiatan produksi, distribusi dan konsumsi di Indonesia - Kunjungan ke salah satu produsen
RATA-RATA
RATA-RATA KESELURUHAN

Kriteria Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum

KKM)) KKM

Il I Il I

(IPS)
### Serial # 6

To be printed & executed on Letter head of the principal supplier/manufacturer of the equipment of foreign origin

### LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION

I, Mr. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Chairman / Managing Director / President / Vice-President / General Manager hereby certify and declare that M/s. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ having its registered office at \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an organization dealing with the manufacturing and assembling of the equipment \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which is meant for scientific use for research/diagnostic/treatment and having business operations in India. It is also certified that our representation and operations in India is done & executed by M/s. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which is an organization constituted under the provisions of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and having their registered office at \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ who has been fully authorized by us to act as our representative in whole or part of India to deal, undertake, participate in the business proceedings, quote rate for supply, installation, testing and commissioning, after sales services of our products / equipment and their spare parts together with consumables and procure purchase orders to pass to us on such rates and conditions as may be negotiated by them for and on behalf of us. The Indian agent M/s. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ has also been authorized to provide after sales services, supply spare parts and consumables on the authorized rates as indicated in the price list of the company for the period of the currency of warranty and Comprehensive Maintenance Contract thereafter for a period of 5 years . They have also been authorized to negotiate the rate for allowing special discount to the hospital.

### Signature

### Date: Name of authorized person for bidder with seal
- c) Shairi lililoandikiwa na mwalimu majisifu na Amani akieleza msamaha wake kwa majisifu nakueleza jinsi mswaada wake ulivyoibiwa na majisifu

## TADMINI

Ni unukuzi wa vitabu vingine vinavyorejelea mapisi yaani kutoa historia inayoshikamana riwaya hiyo. Mifano:

- a) The Black man's Burden by Arthur Basil Davidson; Kitabu hiki kilikuwa kikisomwa na Mwalimu Majisifu.
- b) The Dark Child; Camara Laye uk 96
- c) Biblia ; Petro akafungua kinywa chake akasema: Hakika natambua ya kuwa Mungu hana upendeleo, bali katika kila taifa mtu amchaye na kutenda haki hukubaliwa na yeye.' Uk 99
- d) Malenga wa Ziwa Kuu au Mapenzi Bora uk 100
- e) Wretched of the Earth by Frantz Fanon uk 114 - viumbe waliolaniwa
- f) Antihills of the Savannah by hunua Achebe uk 114
- g) On the Post Colony by Achille Mbembe
- h) Mshale wa Mungu by Chinua Achebe uk 116
- i) Season to the North by Tayeb Salih uk 117
- j) Midnight's Children by Salmon Rushdie uk 119
- k) Siku Njema by Ken Walibora uk 128
- Vitabu vilivyorejelewa vinazungumzia jinsi viongozi wa baada ya uhuru ni wasaliti wakubwa waliorithi tabia mbaya ya mkoloni mkongwe. Nia yao ni kumpunja mlalahoi.Hiyo ndiyo sura ya Afrika huru.

## TANIABA

Ni mbinu ya kisanaa ya kuwapa wahusika majina ya watu halisia. Mbinu hii hutumika kuwakilisha sifa za kipekee zilizopatikana kwa watu hao walioishi. Kwa mfano Oscar Kambona, alikuwa mpinzani wa Mwalimu Nyerere akipinga mfumo wa kijamaa. Ahmed Ben Bella alikuwa mtetezi wa haki za binadamu katika taifa la Algeria. Muamar Gaddaffi anaogopwa kwa sababu ya ubabe wake wakati akiwa kiongozi wa Libya.

## TANAKUZI

78
alimtaka Amani kutoa uamuzi wake kuhusu ndoa. Alikaidi amri ya askari kuhudhuria mkutano katika uwanja wa Nasaba Bora siku ya wazalendo

- ii. MWENYE MAPENZI YA DHATI
- Aliwapenda kwa dhati watoto taahira wa mwalimu Majisifu, aidha, alikitunza kitoto Uhuru hadi kilipofariki. Alimtunza na kumshughulikia Amani baada ya kuumizwa na Mtemi Nasaba Bora. Mapenzi ya dhati yanamfanya asiamini tetesi kwamba Amani na Bi. Zuhura walimwendea kinyume Mtemi Nasaba Bora.
- iii. HODARI KAZINI
- Alifanya kazi nyingine kiasi kwamba Mwalilmu majisifu na Dora wanaathirika anapoenda kumsaidia Amani. Bidii yake inadhihirika wakati mwalimu Majisifu anapodai afunguliwe kutoka seli ili aendelee kumsaidia mkewe Dora.
- iv. MWANAMAPINDUZI
- Anabadilisha mtazamo na mielekeo ya watu kuhusu ualemavu. Ndiye wa kwanza kuvunja umuiko kuhusu Mto Kiberenge wka kunywa maji yake.
- v. MSAMEHEVU
- Anamshawishi Oscar Kambona asilipize kisa kwa Nasaba Bora ambaye aliwaibia shamba lao na arejee nyumbani kumtunza Chwechwe Makweche ndugu yao aliyeumia.
- vi MSIRI
- Hakutoa siri za unyumba za waajiri wake.
- vii. MNYENYEKEVU
- Anajitolea kwa kuwatunza watoto walemavu bila kuwadharau kinyume na Mashaka ambaye anawadharau.
- viii. MWENYE ADABU
- Licha ya kukaa katika kibanda kimoja na Amani, hakuvuka mipaka ya uhusiano wao na kujiingiza kwenye ari za vijana.
- ix. MTETEZI WAHAKI
- Alimtetea mamake alipopigwa na askari na kuwakashifu wanakijiji wenzake kwa kutosema lolote nyumba yao ilipochomwa. Anapozungumza na DJ, anashutumu tendo la kuhalalisha haramu. Anamlaumu Majisifu kwa kusoma barua asiyolengewa na kuiba mswada wa Amani.
- x. MSEMA KWELI
- Anamkabili majisifu na kumwambia kuwa yeye si mwandishi maarufu bali ni mwizi wa miswada.
- xi. MANG'AMUZI
- xii. MDADISI
- xiii. MKAKAMAVU
- UMUHIMU WAIMANI
- 1. Anawakilisha vijana hasa wa kike wanaoleta mabadiliko katika jamii katika Nyanja mbali.
- 2. Kielelezo cha vijana wenye maadili ya kuigwa kana vile huruma, ujasiri, upendo uk.
- 3. Ni kielelezo cha wanawake ambao licha ya kukosa elimu ya vitabuni wana elimu ya maisha kuu anampiku Majisifu mwenye shahada za digrii mbili kuhusu swala la watu walio na mahitaji maalumu.
- 4. Ametumiwa kuonyesha jinsi umaskini unachangia kudhoofisha utendaji katika elimu.

40
- - Amani alipomkanya asimuue Nasaba Bora, alimtii.
- - Anakubali ushauri wa Imani wa kurudi kwao Baraka na kumhudumia ndugu yake Chwechwe Makweche.
- UMUHIMU
- • Kupitia kwake, maudhui ya zake katika jamii yanaangaziwa. ujambazi na athari
- • • Anasaidia kuisawiri dhana ya ulipizaji kisasi na madhara yake
- • Anaonyesha yanayowakabili watu wa tabaka la chini km. ukosefu wa karo kwa matatizo watoto na maisha magumu.
- • Anaonyesha utu wa Amani.
- • Ametumiwa kudhihirisha . udhalimu wa Nasaba Bora
- CHWECHWEMAKWECHE
- Mwana kifungua mimba wa Mwinyi Hatibu Mtembezi. Kakake Imani na Oscar Kambona.
- SIFA
- 1. MCHEZAJI HODARI
- Kutokana na uhodari wake katika kandanda, aliitwa Horsepower.
- 2. MZALENDO
- Aliipatia nchi yake sifa kuu ulimwenguni kutokana na uchezaji wake wa kandanda.
- 3. Mapuuza - hakuhudhuria mazishi ya mamake.
- UMUHIMU
- • Anawakilisha baadhi ya watu ambao wameweza kuiletea nchi yao sifa lakini wanapopata janga, . hawakumbukwi wala kusaidiwa na serikali
- • Kupitia kwake, hali ya inawasilishwa km. aila yake ufukara katika jamii inaponyang'anywa shamba.
- BALOZI

### Mwenyeji wa Tomoko na mkazi wa Sokomoko. Msiri mkubwa wa Mtemi Nasaba Bora. Mfawidhi katika sherehe ya sikukuu ya wazalendo. SIFA

- 1. MNAFIKI
- Anamsifu Nasaba Bora kwa sifa za uongo ili afaidike.
- 2. MCHESHI
- Kutokana na ucheshi wake anapewa wadhifa wa mfawidhi.
- 3. MWENYE UTANI
- Alipenda mzaha sana alipokuwa akiendesha shughuli za mkutano.
- 4. KIBARAKA
- Alikuwa na mazoea ya kuyasema mambo aliyotakiwa kuyasema (uk 67)
- UMUHIMU

kama vile; tama usaliti na unafiki, falsafa potofu kuhusu wakati.

### Anaendeleza maudhui

52
डोल्पा : मिति २०७४।५।४ गिे १६:१५ बजेको सियिा जजल्ला डोल्पा त्रिपुरा सुन्दरी न.पा.४ िपिपे मिर जथिि जाजरकोट डोल्पा दुनै सडक खण्डिा काि गने मसलमसलािा एउटै घरका जजल्ला रुकि आठत्रबसकोट न.पा.९ बथने बर्ष ४२ कक पत्रबिा बटला िाथि ढु ङगा आई ढु ङगा सँगै नददिा खमस बेपिा िएकक र तनजको श्रीिान बर्ष ४३ को दटकाराि बटला र तनजको छोरा बर्ष १८ को गोपाल बटला सािान्य घाइिे िएको त्रब.त्रब. पतछ ।
- ➢ Tunaambiwa kuwa Mwalimu Majisifu alisomea ng'ambo alikopata digrii mbili
- ➢ Aliwahi kufanya kazi katika Idara ya Farodha, Idhaa ya Redio na Runinga
- ➢ La muhimu ni kuwa alivuliwa vyeo na kubakishiwa ualimu kwa sababu ya ulevi wake
- ➢ Nyumbani kwake, alikuwa na vitu vingi vya thamani ambavyo havikuwafaidi wanawe wenye mahitaji maalumu
- ➢ Majisifu aliwahusudu wazazi wengine huku akimchukia mkewe kwa kumzalia masimbi
- ➢ Alimtenga mkewe kwa miaka kumi na mitano kwa kuhofia kuzaa watoto walemavu Zaidi
- ➢ Baada ya muda huo, walijaliwa mapacha wasiotembea
- ➢ Hivyo aliazimia kuwatupa majini lakini Dora anamshawishi kutofanya hivyo
- ➢ Hapa tunaonyeshwa hali duni ya mazingira ya kazi ya wafanyakazi kama Amani. Anaishi kibandani ambamo antundika mkoba wake kwenye msumari ukutani.
- ➢ Mkobani, aliificha picha ya amu yake Yusufu.
- ➢ Mwandishi anatusimulia usuli wa Amani. Babu yake Amani, Hamadi Chichiri kauawa na tajiri mmoja aliyenyakua shamba lake.
- ➢ Tunaarifiwa kuwa wazazi wa Amani walifariki na Amani hakuweza kuhudhuria mazishi ya mamake kwani alikuwa gerezani na kutunga shairi kwa heshima ya mamake.
- ➢ Mwandishi antuonyesha kuwa asubuhi moja Amani aliamshwa na sauti ya kitoto kichanga nje ya kibanda chake
- ➢ Alijitwika jukumu la kukitunza kile kitoto. Kisa hiki kinamkumbusha kisa cha rafiki yake anayeitwa Fao aliyemringa msichana mmoja lakini likimbia jukumu la kumtunza mtoto wake
- ➢ Amani haelewi kwa nini analetewa mtoto ambaye si wake
- ➢ Amani anakipeleka kitoto kwa Mtemi na kusaidiwa na Zuhura kwa kumpa maziwa
- ➢ Bi Zuhura alikuwa na watoto wawili; Madhubuti na Mashaka
- ➢ Madhubuti alikuwa akisomea Chuo Kikuu cha Moscow-Urusi
- ➢ Wananchi walilazimishwa kuchanga pesa za kumsomesha Madhubuti
- ➢ Mashaka alikuwa kidato cha pili katika Shule ya Bweni ya Nasaba Bora
- ➢ DJ anapendekeza kwend kumwita Imani ili amsaidie Amani kkukilea kile kitoto
- ➢ Majisifu anamruhusi Imani kwenda kumsaidi Amani

### Mambo muhimu

- ➢ Amani na Imani wanapata ajira

6
தனிப்பட்ட கசைவீனங்கள்	3,701,385	3,438,167	7.66	4,561,026	4,166,618	9.47
அருவச் கசாத்துக்களின் கபறுமதி வீ ழ்ச்சி	717,021	179,607	299.22	635,998	302,360	110.34
நன்லமகள் தகாரிக்லககள் மற்றும் , ததர்ந்கதடுக்கப்பட்ட கசைவு	-	-	-	3,441,937	3,328,705	3.40
ஏலனய கதாழிற்பாட்டு கசைவினங்கள்	2,088,244	2,844,419	(26.58)	2,565,073	3,048,420	(15.86)
பமாத்த பதாழிற்பாட்டு பசலவினங்கள்	6,506,650	6,462,193	0.69	11,204,034	10,846,103	3.30

நிதியியல் பைிகள் மீதான பபறுமதிகூட்டப்பட்ட வரிக்கு முன்னரான பதாழிற்பாட்டு இலாபம்	6,554,285	8,672,467	(24.42)	7,732,849	9,738,449	(20.59)
கழி: நிதியியல் பணிகள் மீதான கபறுமதிகூட்டப்பட்ட வரி	2,002,460	2,087,210	(4.06)	2,030,532	2,117,910	(4.13)
நிதியியல் பைிகள் மீதான பபறுமதிகூட்டப்பட்ட வரிக்கு பின் பதாழிற்பாட்டு இலாபம்	4,551,825	6,585,257	(30.88)	5,702,317	7,620,539	(25.17)
இலண கம்பனியின் இழப்பு பகிர்வு (ததறிய வரி)	-	-	-	-	(33,234)	100.00
வருமான வரிக்கு முன்னரான இலாபம்	4,551,825	6,585,257	(30.88)	5,702,317	7,587,305	(24.84)
1,609,317	2,169,136	(25.81)	2,110,568	2,576,037	(18.07)
2,942,508	4,416,121	(33.37)	3,591,749	5,011,268	(28.33)

ஒதுக்கிட்டு இலாபம்:

கம்பனியின் சம பங்குலடலமயாளர்கள்	2,942,508	4,416,121	(33.37)	3,408,670	4,813,578	(29.19)
கட்டுப்படுத்த முடியாத வட்டி	-	-	-	183,079	197,690	(7.39)
2,942,508	3,591,749
v

## DEDICATION

This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, my husband and my daughter for the love support and tolerance they showed to me all the time I was on study, that they tuned my life in favour of education.
## MWONGOZOWAKUDUMU UTANGULIZI.

Karatasi hii imedhamiria kutathmini uwezo wa mtahiniwa wa kuwasiliana na msomaji na kuwasilisha ujumbe kimaandishi,akizingatia mada aliyopewa. Mawasiliano haya yatategemea ukwasi wa lugha ya mtahiniwa, kwa mfano, kutunga sentensi sahihi zenye mtiririko mzuri kimawazo, lugha ya kuvutia na yenye mawazo asilia, ubunifu mwingi na hati nadhifu. Kwa kutegemea maagizo ya swali lenyewe na umahiri wa lugha, ni lazima kutilia mkazo mtindo, mada na uwezo wa mtahiniwa kufuata maagizo vilivyo. Mtahini lazima aisome insha yote huku akizingatia sarufi, hijai, hoja, msamiati na mtindo ili aweze kuikadiria kwa kurejelea viwango mbalimbali vilivyopendekezwa. Viwango vyenyewe ni A, B, C na D kutegemea uwezo wa mtahiniwa.

## VIWANGO VYA KUTATHMINIA

Vielekezi hivi ndivyo vitakavyo mwezesha mtahini kumweka mtahiniwa katika viwango mbalimbali vya kiutendaji.

## KIWANGOCHA D KWAJUMLAMAKI01-05.

i) Insha haieleweki kwa vyovyote vile ama uwezo wa mtahiniwa wa kutumia lugha ni hafifu sana, hivi kwamba mtahini lazima afikirie kile mtahiniwa anachojaribu kuwasilisha. ii) Mtahiniwa hana uwezo wa kutumia maneno ya Kiswahili kwa njia inayofaa. iii) Lugha imevurugika, uakifishaji haufai na insha ina makosa ya kila aina. iv) Kujitungia swali na kulijibu. v) Insha ya urefu wa robo ikadiriwe hapa.

## NGAZI NGAZI MBALIMBALI ZA KIWANGOCHA D

### D- (D YA CHINI) MAKI 01-02.

i) Insha haina mpangilio maalum na haieleweki kwa vyovyote vile. ii) Kujitungia swali tofauti na kulijibu. iii) Kuandika kwa lugha isiyo Kiswahili au kuchanganya ndimi. iv) Kunakili swali au maswali na kuyakariri. v) Kunakili swali au kichwa tu.

### D WASTANI MAKI 03.

i) Mtiririko wa mawazo haupo. ii) Mtahiniwa amepotoka kimaudhui. iii) Matumizi ya lugha ni hafifu mno. iv)Kuna makosa mengi ya kila aina.

### D+ (D YA JUU) MAKI 04-05.

i) Insha ya aina hii hukuwa na makosa mengi ya kila aina, lakini unaweza kutambua kile ambacho mtahiniwa anajaribu kuwasilisha. ii) Hoja hazikuelezwa kikamilifu/ mada haikukuzwa vilivyo. iii) Mtahiniwa hana uhakika wa matumizi ya lugha / anajaribu kutumia lugha ila hana hakika na matumizi ya vipengele vya lugha anavyoteua. iv) Mtahiniwa hujirudiarudia.

- v) Insha itakayozingatia sura lakini ikose maudhui ikadiriwe hapa.
####### UNIVERSITY OF GOUR BANGA Syllabus of Philosophy Honours under CBCS

####### Semester- I PHIH-C-1: Outlines of Indian Philosophy-1

Credits - 6 Full Marks-50

- 1. Introduction:
- i) Nature of Indian Philosophy
- ii) and Nastika Systems ii) and Nastika Systems Division of Indian Philosophy:
- iii) Astika System: Nyaya, Vaisesika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva Mimamsa, Advaita Vedanta (Sankara), Visitadvaita (Ramanuja)
- iv) Nastika Systems: Carvaka, Bauddha and Jaina
- 2. Perception as a Pramana, The denial of Inference, The denial of the Cārvā ka School: validity of the Vedas-Materialism: The reality of the World-No Soul.
- 3. Theory of Pramana Concept of Sat, Dravya, Guna, Paryaya, Jiva, Ajiva, Jainism: , Anekantavad, Syadvad, Nayavada.
- 4. Four Noble Truths, Dependent origination, The doctrine of Karma, Doctrine Buddhism: of Momentariness, Theory of No-self, Buddhist schools of Philosophy: The Hinayana- Mahayana Division, The Vaibhasika School, The Saitrantika School, The Yogacara School, The Madhyamika School.
- 5. Knowledge (Prama), Instrument of Valid Knowledge, 5. Knowledge (Prama), Instrument of Valid Knowledge, Nyā ya Philosophy: Perception, Inference, Comparison, Testimony, The nature of the individual self, The proofs for the existence of individual self, the nature of God and proofs for the existence of God.
- 6. of Pramanas, seven padarthas: Dravya, Guna, Karma, 6. of Pramanas, seven padarthas: Dravya, Guna, Karma, Vaiśeṣ ika Philosophy: Samanya, Visesa, Samavaya, and Abhava, theory of Causation: Asatkaryavada; Karana: Samavayi, Asamavayi and Nimitta; Paramanuvada.

####### Suggested Readings:

- • M. Hiriyanna: Outlines of Indian Philosophy
- • C. D. Sharma: A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy
- • S. Radhakrishnan: Indian Philosophy, Vol.1 &2

• S. N. Dasgupta: A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. I-V • Jadunath Sinha: Outlines of Indian Philosophy

- • P. T. Raju: Structural Depths of Indian Thought
- • Dutta &Chatterjee: Introduction to Indian Philosophy
ested equivalent online courses: OU &Other centrally/state operated Universities / MOOCplatforms such as 'SWAYAM' in India and Abroad.

##### Format for developing syllabus for a course/paper

Programme / Class	Degree	Year	B.A.II	Semester	III
Subject	Geography
Course Code	Course Title	Basic Content Writing Skills
1. The course will open an avenue for the students to explore career options and individual ventures in Photojournalism, which is a specialized and developing area in the media landscape. 2. Students will be able to: Define the process, uses, principles and advantages of digital photography. 3. Develop the concept of the basics of digital imaging, , Resolution, Pixel depth, Aspect Ratio, File Formats, File Size, Image Compression etc. Visualize the concept of digital platform and various methods of image capture.
Credits Credits -	Max. Max. Marks :	Min. Min. Passing Marks :
Total Tutorials - Practical (in hours per week) : 2-0-0 Total Tutorials - Practical (in hours per week) : 2-0-0 No. of Lectures
Unit	Topic	No. of Lectures
I	Introduction to content writing a) Importance and purpose of content writing b) Categories of documents c) Content Writing Process and Guidelines	2
II	Essential of good Writing a) Content Writing Essentials - ABCD of content writing b) Basic Principles of AP Style (Associated Press Style Book) c) Basic English Usage &Vocabulary building d) Overcoming grammar problems	3
III	Writing for News Paper a) Technique of writing for newspapers b) Article &interviews c) Editorials and letter to editor d) Features and backgrounder	5
IV	Reviewing a) Principles of reviewing and criticism b) Writing book review c) Film review d) Drama, music and art review	5
V	Writing for Digital Media a) Writing for digital media vs. print media b) Contents of news sites	5