ahmedheakl/docatlas_instruct huggingface dataset:
- a. (a) Kuwajengea uwezo Watumishi: pamoja na kuwa suala la kujiendelea ni suala binafsi la mtumishi, bado, Wizara inao wajibu wa kuhakikisha kuwa inawajengea uwezo watumishi wake katika maeneo mbalimbali yanayohitajika ili waweze kutekeleza majukumu yao vyema. Wizara ina uwezo wa kutafuta fursa za masomo ya muda mrefu na mfupi ili kuongeza ujuzi kwa watumishi kwa kuwapatia mafunzo/ semina katika maeneo mahususi, na maeneo mtambuka yanayohusiana na utekelezaji wa majukumu yao. Nimeona katika hotuba ya bajeti ya mwaka 2022/2023 (Ukurasa wa 88) kuwa, katika mwaka 2021/2022 watumishi 62 walihudhuria mafunzo ya muda mfupi na mrefu, ndani na nje ya nchi. Niwapongeze kwa hilo na niendelee kuhimiza nafasi zaidi zitafutwe. Aidha, wanaopata mafunzo wayatumie mafunzo hayo kuongeza ufanisi katika utendaji wao.
- a. (b) Kuboresha mazingira ya kazi : natambua kwa sasa tunapitia changamoto kubwa ya kuwa tumetawanyika katika majengo mbalimbali na hivyo, kutokuwa katika jengo moja linaloweza kutumiwa na Wizara nzima. Ni muhimu basi ujenzi wa Ofisi yetu Awamu ya Pili Mtumba ukamilike kwa wakati ili tuweze kuwa katika jengo moja. Wakati tukiendelea na ujenzi wa jengo la Ofisi, tujitahidi kuboresha mazingira ya kazi katika Ofisi tunazotumia, kwa kuhakikisha miundombinu yote muhimu inafanya kazi, na huduma muhimu zinapatikana.

Kwa Balozi zetu, kwa CFR, APRM na AICC, wajibu huu wa kuboresha mazingira ya kazi hauepukiki. Natambua katika Balozi zetu na Taasisi zilizo chini ya Wizara kuna mikakati ya kuboresha mazingira ya kufanyia kazi. Tuendelee kuweka usimamizi katika mikakati ili kuhakikisha inatekelezwa kwa wakati.
158

### APPENDIX V: ACCEPTANCE LETTER TO CONDUCT RESEARCH AT TANDALA WARD
## TAARIFA KWAVYOMBOVYAHABARI WAKALAWAVIPIMOIMEANZAKUFANYAUHAKIKI WAMITAZAMAJI

Wakala wa Vipimo (WMA) ni mojawapo ya Wakala za Serikali ambayo ilianzishwa tarehe 13 Mei, 2002 kwa Tangazo la Serikali namba 194 la tarehe 17 Mei, 2002. Ambapo apo awali, ilikua ni Idara chini ya Wizara ya Viwanda na Biashara. Lengo la Serikali kuanzisha Wakala wa Vipimo ni kuboresha utoaji wahuduma kwa wananchi. Miongoni mwamajukumu ya Wakala wa Vipimo ni kuilinda jamii kutokana na madhara yatokanayo na matumizi mabaya ya vipimo katika sekta za Biashara, Afya, Usalama na Mazingira, Kuthibiti ufungashaji wa bidhaa na Kuwa kiungo kati ya Taifa letu na taasisi mbali mbali za Kitaifa na Kimataifa katika masuala ya vipimo, Kutoa ushauri wa kitaalamu kuhusu masuala ya Vipimo kwa wadau na kuhakikisha Vipimo vyote vitumikavyo nchini vinalingana na vile vya Kimataifa kwa kuhakikisha standards zetu zinalinganishwa na zile za Kitaifa na za Kimataifa (traceability). Kwa sasa kanuni ya uhakiki wa Mita za maji imekamilika hivyo, Katika kupanua wigo wa utekelezaji wa majukumu yake, Wakala wa Vipimo imeanza kufanya uhakiki wa mita za maji zinazoingizwa hapa nchini, kwa lengo la kuwalinda wananchi ili waweze kufungiwa/kununua mita za maji sahihi na zilizo hakikiwa ili wanapozitumia waweze kulipia gharama sahihi kulingana na matumizi yao. Kumekuwa na malalamiko mengi sana kutoka kwa wananchi kuhusiana na kufanya malipo makubwa katika huduma ya maji kwakuwa wanaletewa bili kubwa tofauti na kiasi cha maji wanachotumia, na wakati mwingine wanalazimika kulipia gharama za maji kwa bili ya makadirio jambo ambalo si sahihi kwani makadirio siyo kipimo. Makadirio ya bili huweza kupelekea mteja kutajiwa kiwango cha pesa ambacho hakiendani na kiwango cha maji kilichotumika. Lengo la Wakala wa Vipimo ni kuona wateja wa huduma hiyo nyumbani na viwandani wananufaika na vipimo sahihi kwa kupunguza gharama kubwa wanazozitumia kulipia bili za maji na kulipia gharama stahiki kulingana na kiwango chao cha matumizi. Zoezi hili la uhakiki wa mita za maji litakuwa na faida kubwa katika maeneo yafuatayo:-

- • haki kwa wateja kwa kufanya malipo stahiki kulingana matumizi waliyofanya • haki kwa wateja kwa kufanya malipo stahiki kulingana matumizi waliyofanya
- • malalamiko kutoka kwa wateja • malalamiko kutoka kwa wateja
## Details Required to Raise Purchase Order All the below fields are Mandatory, failing which the offer shall be summarily rejected.

Sr. No.	Description	Details
1	Name and address on which purchase order is to be raised
2	Bank details (attache copy of cancelled cheque)
3	GST No. of the state on which Purchase Order to be raised (attached Copy of Certificate)
4	PAN Card No. (attached Copy)
5	HSN / SAC Code (8 digit) for each item.
6	Delivery Schedule for Supply of Material.
7	MSME / NSIC no. if any (attached copy of certificate)

### Signature

### Date: Name of authorized person for bidder with seal
(d) Restriction imposed by the Government or other statutory bodies, which is beyond the control of the agencies, which prevent or delay the execution of the order by the agency.

(ii) The Agency shall advise Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (HBCH & RC), Mullanpur, Punjab in writing, duly certified by the Local Chamber of Commerce, the beginning and at the end of the above causes of delay, within seven days of the occurrence and cessation of the force majeure conditions. In the event of a delay lasting for more than one month, if arising out of clauses of force majeure, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (HBCH & RC), Mullanpur, Punjab reserve the right to cancel the order without any obligation to compensate the agency in any manner for what so ever reason.

##### 7.9 Arbitration

Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (HBCH & RC), Mullanpur, Punjab and the agency shall make every effort to resolve amicably, by direct negotiation, any disagreement or dispute arising between them under or in connection with the work order. If any dispute shall arise between parties on aspects not covered by this agreement or the construction or operation thereof or the rights, duties or liabilities under these except as to any matters the decision of which is specially provided for by the general or the special conditions, such dispute shall be referred to the arbitration, one to be appointed by each party and the third arbitrator appointed by Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Mullanpur. The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding on both the parties. Such arbitration shall be governed in all respects by the provision of the Indian Arbitration Act, 1996 or later and the rules there under and any statutory modification or re-enactment, thereof. The arbitration proceedings shall be held in Punjab.
પત્રક - ૧ )અ - ૧( આઇ.સી.એ.આર : સ્ટેટશેર (૭૫:૨૫) )જુ મહેકમની વવગત દશાચવતું પત્રક લાઈ ૨૦૨૦ - ૨૧ ની સ્સ્થવતએ( દશાચવતુ નોન યુ.જી.સી. પગાર િોરણ મહેકમની વવગત પત્રક

કર્ેરી	:
યોજનાનું નામ	:
બજેટ સદર )ડીડીઓ નંબર સાથે(	:

અ. નું	મુંજર જગ્યાનું કરેલ મુંજર જગ્યાનું કરેલ	પગાર સાથે ધોરણ Level Matrix પગાર સાથે ધોરણ Level Matrix Pay (	કલ કલ	ભરેલી ભરેલી	ખાલી જગ્યા(કઇ ખાલી જગ્યા(કઇ	કમચચારીનુંનામ	મૂળ - જલાઇ પગાર+ મૂળ - જલાઇ પગાર+	ગ્રેડ ગ્રેડ	મોંધવારી મોંધવારી	અન્દ્ય અન્દ્ય	રજા ( રાહત પ્રવાસ રજા ( રાહત પ્રવાસ	તબીબી M. ( ખચચ તબીબી M. ( ખચચ	તબીબી ( ભથ્ તબીબી ( ભથ્	બોનસ	રજાનું રોકડમાું રજાનું રોકડમાું	ઘરભાડા ઘરભાડા	સ્થાવનક સીએલએ/ટ્રાયબલ) વળતર સ્થાવનક સીએલએ/ટ્રાયબલ) વળતર (	દેશ પ્રવાસ દેશ પ્રવાસ	કલ કલ માટેનો માસ ૧ કલ કલ માટેનો માસ ૧	૧૨ પગાર મહહના કલ ૧૨ માટેનો x ૨૧ નું. માસ (કોલમ ૧૨ પગાર મહહના કલ ૧૨ માટેનો x ૨૧ નું. માસ (કોલમ
૧	૨	૩	૪	૫	૬	૭	૮	૯	૧૦	૧૧	૧૨	૧૩	૧૪	૧૫	૧૬	૧૭	૧૮	૧૯	૨૦	૨૧

કલ...

જગ્યાની વવગત	ભરેલી	ખાલી	કલ
નોન - ય.જી.સી. પગારધોરણની જ્ગગ્યાની સુંખ્યા
ખાલી જગ્યાઓ અંગેની સ્પષ્ટતા/કારણો જણાવવા

ઉપાડ અને ચુકવણા અવિકારીની સહી	ક્ર્ેરીના વડાની સહી
89

### Table 25: Staffing Pattern

S/NO	POSITION	JOB DESCRIPTION
Tandala Youth Group	To implement project plan, managements and day to day supervision of project activities.
1	Project coordinator	To organize project activities such as preparing and conducting training, organizing meeting with stakeholders, writing reports, making follow - ups and doing monitoring and evaluation.
2	CED Student	Designing the project, budgeting, search for project funding, monitoring project expenses, overall in charge of all project activities, taking care of logistics, providing technical assistance, to organize and supervise all project activities, to test and practice skills and technique acquired in classroom and relate them to the project, to act as a middle man in search for the necessary materials and personnel so as to run the project smoothly, to look for any gaps or problems that could hinder the project activities and rectify them, to do monitoring and evaluation and to keep records.
3	Peer Educators	To learn various skills on HIV/AIDS, to deliver the acquired knowledge to the community and to mobilize people through classes, meetings, drama and to distribute IEC materials.
4	Development partners	To support the project technically, financially and morally, to provide all necessary procedures in carrying out various project activities and to provide
District authorities	Officials from the District Community Development and Agriculture Departments will be involved in workshops and preparation and execution of plans with the community

Source: Survey, 2013 Source: Survey, 2013
32

HIV/AIDs committee should be strengthened, encouraged and facilitated to conduct their duties accordingly.

Figure 5: on adequate of strategies to fight against HIV/AIDS Figure 5: on adequate of strategies to fight against HIV/AIDS 5: : Field survey, 2013 Source

- i) Health Stresses, Sources of Stress and Health Assets

Health assessments revealed the following stresses, their sources and health Assets

### Table 17: Health Stresses, Sources of Stress and Health Assets

S/.N	Health stress	Source of stress	Health Asset
1	Increasing HIV infection	Unemployment's, Poverty, lack of information on pandemic	create income generating activities to the youth
2	Increasing number of orphans and widows	HIV infection and poverty	***
3	Cost sharing	Low income	Create income generating activities

Source: Survey 20013, *** Means not available Source: Survey 20013, *** Means not available
## પત્રક - ૧ આઇ.સી.એ.આર : સ્ટેટશેર (૭૫:૨૫)

### કચેરીનું નામ : - યોજનાનું નામ અને કેન્દ્ર: - ડીડીઓ નુંબર /બજેટ સદર : -

(ર. લાખમાું)

આઇસીએઆર ધ્વારા ૭૫% : સ્ટેટ શેર ૨૫ % મુજબ મળેલ ફંડની વવગત અને થયેલ કુલ ખર્ચની વવગત	આઇસીએઆર ધ્વારા ૭૫% મજબ મળનારની ફુંડની વવગત	૨૦૨૧ - ૨૨ ની ફુંડની જરૂરીયાત (અંદાજીત)
૨૦૧૭ - ૧૮	૨૦૧૮ - ૧૯	૨૦૧૯ - ૨૦	આઇસીએઆર ધ્વારા ૭૫% મજબ મળનારની ફુંડની વવગત	૨૦૨૧ - ૨૨ ની ફુંડની જરૂરીયાત (અંદાજીત)
મળેલ ફુંડ ૭૫%	મળેલ ફુંડ ૨૫%	થયેલ કલ ખચચ	મળેલ ફુંડ ૭૫%	મળેલ ફુંડ ૨૫%	થયેલ કલ ખચચ	મળેલ ફુંડ ૭૫%	મળેલ ફુંડ ૨૫%	થયેલ કલ ખચચ	૨૦૨૦ - ૨૧	૭૫%	૨૫%	કલ

ઉપાડ અને ચુકવણા અવિકારીની સહી યોજનાના વડાશ્રીની સહી ક્ર્ેરીના વડાની સહી
Huondoa makali kwenye lugha Huongeza ladha katika lugha Huondoa urasmi (zozote 4x1=4) Husawiri mpangilio wa jamii fulani kiuchumi

8
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 3-0-01
Unit	Topics	No. of Lectures
I	Social Psychology: Nature, and Scope; Methods of Studying Social Behavior. Person Perception: Concept, Determinants of Impression Formation.	15
II	Social Cognition: Schema, Schematic Processing. Attribution of Causality: Harold Kelly and Bernard Weiner.	5
III	Attitude: Nature, Formation and Measurement. Interpersonal Attraction: Concept and Determinants. Aggression: Concept, Theories: Biological (Instinctive and Ethological), Frustration- Aggression Hypothesis, Social Learning Theory of Aggression.	20
IV	Pro-social Behavior: Motives to help; Bystander Effect; Determinants: Personal, Situational and Socio-cultural	5
V	Social Influence Processes: Conformity and Compliance. Intergroup Relations: Prejudice and Discrimination. Groups: Norms, Roles, Status &Cohesiveness. Group Influence Processes: Social Facilitation; Social Loafing and De-individuation.	20
Suggested Readings: th Social Psychology 1. Baron, R.A. & Branscombe, N.R. (2012). (13 ed.) New Delhi: Pearson. th Social Psychology 2. Baron, R.A., Byrne, D. &Bhardwaj, G. (2010). (12 ed). New Delhi: Pearson. Social Psychology and HumanNature Baumeister, R.F. &Bushman, B.J.(2013). . 3. rd (3 ed.). Wadsworth Pub. Co. 4. स ह , अरुण कमार (2001). ामासिक मनोसिज्ञान I िाराण ी : मोतीलाल बनार ीदा I th Social Psychology 5. Taylor, S.E., Paplau, L.A., & Sears, D.O. (2006). (12 ed). New Delhi: Pearson Publications. 6. सिपाठी , एल०बी० एििं हयोगी (2001). आधुसनक ामासिक मनोसिज्ञान I आगरा : हरप्र ाद भागगि I 7. Suggestive digital platforms web links- http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx
## Aðalfundur Volvoklúbbsins

- 3. apríl 2018
- • settur kl. 18:10, mættir eru níu. Magnús opnar fundinn. • settur kl. 18:10, mættir eru níu. Magnús opnar fundinn.
- o stjórnarmeðlimir, einn varamaður og fimm félagsmenn. o stjórnarmeðlimir, einn varamaður og fimm félagsmenn.
- ▪ Magnús, Hafsteinn, Ingólfur og Jóhann
- • fundarstjóra og fundarritara • fundarstjóra og fundarritara
- o Hafsteinsson fundarstjóri og Hafsteinn Ingi Gunnarsson fundarritari. o Hafsteinsson fundarstjóri og Hafsteinn Ingi Gunnarsson fundarritari.
- • fer yfir ársreikninga • fer yfir ársreikninga
- o Mismunur á kostnaði vegna heimasíðu er vegna þess að o Mismunur á kostnaði vegna heimasíðu er vegna þess að hýsing var færð undir 'Annan kostnað' árið 2016 en bæði hýsing og lén er undir 'Vefsíða' á reikningum 2017. Styrkir og gjafir eru annars vegar 20.000 kr styrkur til Hjartaverndar og 19.484 kr til Lögreglufélagsins vegna uppgerðar á Volvo 240 lögreglubíl.
- o samþykktir samhljóða án athugasemda. o samþykktir samhljóða án athugasemda.
- • •
- o fer yfir viðburði og félagatal. o fer yfir viðburði og félagatal.
- o fer yfir tölfræði vefsíðunnar og viðburðarplan 2018. o fer yfir tölfræði vefsíðunnar og viðburðarplan 2018.
- • á samþykktum félagsins • á samþykktum félagsins
- o á 6. grein þannig að stjórn megi veita styrki til góðgerðarmála. o á 6. grein þannig að stjórn megi veita styrki til góðgerðarmála.
- o samþykkt samhljóða. o samþykkt samhljóða.
- • 2019 • 2019
- o óbreytt 2000 kr o óbreytt 2000 kr
- • tveggja stjórnarmanna til tveggja ára • tveggja stjórnarmanna til tveggja ára
- o og Oddur gefa aftur kost á sér. o og Oddur gefa aftur kost á sér.
- o mótframboð bárust til stjórnarsetu í aðalstjórn. o mótframboð bárust til stjórnarsetu í aðalstjórn.
- • tveggja varamanna • tveggja varamanna
- o mótframboð barst í stöðu varamanns o mótframboð barst í stöðu varamanns
- o Unnsteinsson og Jóhann Egilsson endurkjörnir varamenn. o Unnsteinsson og Jóhann Egilsson endurkjörnir varamenn.
- • mál: • mál:
- o félagsins er flott en vegna höfundarréttar getum við ekki leyft okkur að o félagsins er flott en vegna höfundarréttar getum við ekki leyft okkur að nota það eins og við myndum vilja. Við þurfum að láta endurhanna logo svo hægt sé að prenta það á hluti með góðri samvisku.
- o að viðburðum: o að viðburðum:
- ▪ Slökkviliðssafn í Keflavík.
- ▪ Kíkt í skúr til Volvoáhugamanns.
- ▪ Viðburður í samstarfi við aðra bílaklúbba.
28

Figure 4: Availability of Health Personnel : Field survey, 2013 Source : Field survey, 2013 Source

- d) Effect of Cost Sharing on Provision of Health Service in the Community

The government introduced the cost sharing system in order to improve health sector in the country. There fore citizens are obliged to contribute by paying a percentage of money for services such as registration, medical examination and medications. The finding from the field shown that, 53.8 of respondents can afford the cost of sharing system, while 45% of respondents accept that the cost sharing adversely affect the health service in the community and 1.2% of respondents know nothing see in Table 16. During focus group discussion, it was noted that most of community can not afford cost sharing system.

### Table12: Effect of Cost Sharing in Health Services

Responses	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	43	53.8	53.8	53.8
No	36	45.0	45.0	98.8
I don't know	1	1.2	1.2	100.0
Total	80	100.0	100.0

Source Field survey, 2013 Source Field survey, 2013
104

### 4.6 Summary

The Chapter explains all activities that were to be carried out during the entire project. Most activities were conducted and achieved as planned. The activities include training on HIV/AIDS and training on potatoes cultivation as a way to create employment opportunities. The success is due to good cooperation among various stakeholders. However, the implementation especially on HIV/AIDS education was not 100% because it was mostly done on volunteering basis. Since volunteering does not provide any financial support, it was difficult for them to reach part of the Ward or to make it long lasting as they had to work for their daily income whenever the chance arose. In potatoes cultivation, the groups managed to cultivate two acres which now in the process of harvesting.

#### Group Challenges

Lack of proper USHIRIKIANO among the community members. Many people in Makete often think of an organization as a source of income. Whenever they are invited to attend the TYG entrepreneurship trainings they would demand allowances regardless of the obvious skills and knowledge they obtain .

Lack of fund for the peer educators for the youth to move to deliver the messages as they don't have fund and F the work they do is just for volunteer. This is because the organization can't afford to pay them allowances each time. Lack of funds and financial aid to implement projects. Most sponsors and donors do not support small organizations. Those who do support them are often corrupt. This
- submitted. Copy of organization / company and audited balance sheet for past 3 years to be enclosed.
- d) Experience: The Bidder should have experience in providing services involving Manpower in reputed firms in last Five Financial Years. However, preference will be given to Agencies who have experience in Hospitals as Annexure IV
- e) Turn over: The agency should have a minimum turnover of Rs. 05 crores per annum for the last three years. One work where the agency is currently carrying out the services of providing manpower should not be less than Rs. 03 crores per annum.
- 4.1. Documents supporting the Minimum Eligibility Criteria:
- 1. Registration number under the shops and Establishment Act/ Companies Act/Society Act/SSI
- 2. PAN and TAN NO.
- 3. Goods & Service Tax registration no.
- 4. Registration no. EPFO
- 5. Registration no. ESIC
- 6. Latest IT returns 03 years
- 7. Latest Audited balance sheet 03 years
- 8. Bidder should have Minimum 05 years experience of providing manpower in reputed Institution/Organizations/PSU's/Government Organizations.
- 9. Type of the ownership of the organization.
- 10.Labour License ( for any other site)
- 11.Latest Bank Solvency certificate @40%of the tender value.
- 12.EMD/Security Deposit/Bank Guarantee not forfeited certificate as per Annexure - V.
- 13. An undertaking (self certificate) on a stamp paper that the bidder hasn't been blacklisted by a central/any state Government institution and there has been no litigation with any Government department on account of similar services is to be submitted.
- 14.Undertaking for Payment of Wages on time as per Annexure IX
- 15. Details of the company / firm / agency along with its address and details of contract to whom manpower was provided (The contract value should be indicated.)
- 16.Type of manpower provided and their number. Work Contract agreement will not be considered in experience criteria.
- 17.Letter of acceptance of the terms and conditions of the tender
- 18.Tender documents to be signed.
- 19.Signing Authority Letter
- 20.Documents of current contract related to clause no. 4(e).
- 21.NSIC / MSME Certificate to be submitted if applicable.

6 Bidders must upload copy of valid certificate of the above documents along with tender document. Incomplete applications will be summarily rejected. 6 Bidders must upload copy of valid certificate of the above documents along with tender document. Incomplete applications will be summarily rejected.
### 3.5.1 Njia ya Hojaji

Kwa mujibu wa BAKIZA (2010) hojaji ni karatasi ya maswali ya utafiti kuhusu jambo maalumu. Baliba na wenzake (2014) walidokeza kuwa hojaji hujumuisha maswali yaliyotungwa kwa njia maalumu ili kutolewa kwa sampuli ya wasailiwa waliolengwa katika utafiti fulani. Kwa mantiki hiyo hojaji ni aina ya maswali anayoyaandaa mtafiti kwa lengo la kutafuta taarifa maalumu toka kwa watafitiwa taarifa hizo humuongoza kujibu maswali ya utafiti anaoufanya. Maswali hayo huandaliwa kwa utaratibu mzuri unaotoa fursa kwa mtafitiwa kutoa mashirikiano ya hali ya juu katika zoezi la utafiti husika. Njia hii ilitumika zaidi kwa vijana ili kuwapa fursa ya kueleza kwa kina kile wanachokifahamu kimaandishi, kwa kuwa wengi katika kundi hili wanajua kusoma na kuandika.

Njia ya hojaji ina baadhi ya mapungufu kwani ni vigumu kutumika kwa watafitiwa wote ikizingatiwa kwamba baadhi ya walengwa hawajui kusoma wala kuandika na pia wapo watoto wadogo na wale wenye sababu zao binafsi kwamba hawataki kutoa taarifa ipasavyo. Kwa kuzingatia changamoto hizo mtafiti alilazimika kutumia njia nyengine ya mahojiano iliyomsaidia kupunguza tatizo hilo.

### 3.5.2 Mahojiano

Kwa mujibu wa TUKI (2010), mahojiano ni majadiliano ya maswali na majibu kuhusu jambo. Mbinu hii pia hutumika kuuliza maswali ya ana kwa ana, ama kwa njia ya simu au barua pepe kati ya watu wawili au zaidi kwa lengo la kukusanya taarifa au maoni kuhusu swali la utafiti. Akizungumzia dhana ya mahojiano, Kothari
Wamitila, (2008), ameifasili nadharia kuwa ni maarifa ambayo inatupasa kuyajua na kuwa nayo kabla ya kujihusisha na kazi ya uhakiki. Kwa ufupi nadharia ni mwongozo wa jambo linalotafitiwa ili kuwezesha na kufanikisha upatikanaji wa data zinazokusudiwa kwa usahihi na uhakika. Kothari (2014) naye ametoa maana ya nadharia kuwa ni mwongozo unaotoa maelekezo juu ya jambo fulani linavyopaswa kufanywa au kufanyika ili kutoa matokeo yasiyoweza kutiliwa shaka kwamba ni sahihi au si sahihi. Pia, Silavwe (2016) alitoa maana ya nadharia kuwa ni kanuni, taratibu, miiko, miongozo au sheria zinazoelezea juu ya namna kitu fulani kilivyo au kinavyotakiwa kuwa, anaendelea kudokeza kuwa katika maisha hakuna jambo linalofanywa bila kuongozwa na nadharia na hii ni sawa na kusema kuwa nadharia ndiyo inayofanya jambo fulani lifanikiwe au lisifanikiwe.

### 2.4.1 Mapitio ya Kazi Tangulizi Kuhusu Uhalisia Mazingaombwe

Maganju (2004) ameandika kuhusu Uhakiki wa uhalisiajabu katika riwaya za ' Bina - Adamu ' ( 2002) ya Kyalo Wadi Wamitila na ' Babu Alipofufuka ' ( 2004) ya Said A. Mohammed na ndani ya tasnifu hiyo mtafiti ameweka wazi kuwa uhalisiajabu unatokana na hali mbili zinazopingana lakini una misingi yake katika uhalisia. Kupitia tasnifu hii mtafiti aliweza kuongeza marifa yaliyo muongoza kuendeleza utafiti wake mbele, ijapokuwa mtafiti huyu hakuchunguza maudhui yapatikanayo katika hadithi simulizi za Kiswahili hasa zile zipatikanazo katika mkoa wa Mjini Magharibi Unguja. Mtafiti alichota baadhi ya maarifa yaliyokuwa ni chachu ya kujenga mada yake hasa katika uhusikaji wa wahusika wa kimazingaombwe.