ahmedheakl/docatlas_instruct huggingface dataset:
- 4. Postulates of Morality.
- 5. Problem of freedom of will.
- 6. Statement of fact and statement of value.
- 7. Hedonism: Psychological Hedonism and Ethical Hedonism.
- 8. Altruism of J. Bentham and J. S. Mill.
- 9. Kantian Ethics.
- 10. Theories of punishment

####### Suggested Readings:

- • • W. K. Frankena : (Ch. 2 &3)
- • Introduction to Ethics • Introduction to Ethics W. Lillie :
- • of Ethics • of Ethics Mackenzie :
- • to Ethics • to Ethics J.D. Mabbott :
- • Conduct • Conduct J. Hospers :
- • Ethics • Ethics Rosalind Hursthorne :

####### PHIH-C-7: Philosophy of Religion (Indian &Western)

Credits - 6 Full Marks- 50

- 1. Nature and Scope of Philosophy of Religion.
- 2. 2. Doctrines of , Rebirth and Liberation.
- 3. Concept of God and Proofs for the Existence of God.
- 4. Ground for disbelief in God.
- 5. Prārthanā Bhakti 5. Prārthanā Bhakti Concept of , and .
- 6. The origin of Religion in the light of Anthropology: the Psychical Origin and development of Religion.
- 7. Religious Consciousness.
- 8. Proofs for the existence of God: Ontological, Cosmological, Teleological and Moral arguments.
- 9. Grounds for disbelief in God: Sociological Theory and Freudian Theory.
- 10. An overview of different Religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam.
- 11. The Problem of Evils.
- 12. Religious knowledge: Reason, Revelation and Mysticism.
- 13. The Problem of Religious Language.
- Suggested Readings:
- • of Dharmaśāstra • of Dharmaśāstra P.V. Kane :
- 1. Use the following fonts and sizes.
- Use 14pt for the heading and 13pt for the sub-headings.
- For content:
- Sinhala Unicode - - 12pt, : Times New Roman - 12pt, : Sinhala Unicode - - 12pt, : Times New Roman - 12pt, : English Tamil Iskoola pota 12 pt, Line spacing - 1.5) Ariel Unicode

#### அறிவுறுத்தல்கள் அறிவுறுத்தல்கள்

- 1. . பின்வரும் எழுத்துருக்கள் ைற்றும் அளவுகமளப் ெயன்ெடுத்தவும்
- தமெப்புக்கு 13pt . தமெப்புக்கு 13pt . ைற்றும் உெதமெப்புகளுக்கு ெயன்ெடுத்தவும்
- உள்ளைக்கத்திற்கு உள்ளைக்கத்திற்கு
- சிங்களம் Unicode - Iskoola pota - 12pt, English: Times New Roman - 12pt, : சிங்களம் Unicode - Iskoola pota - 12pt, English: Times New Roman - 12pt, : தமிழ் Ariel Unicode 12 pt, 1.5) - வரி இமைலவளி
- 2. If your extended abstract requires equations, tables or figures, follow the following example.

2. , உங்கள் விரிவொன ஆய்வுச் சுருக்கத்திற்கு சைன்ெொடுகள் அட்ைவமைகள் அல்ெது , . புள்ளிவிவரங்கள் கதமவப்ெட்ைொல் பின்வரும் உதொரைத்மதப் பின்ெற்ைவும்

Equations: equations should be indented with the numbers displayed on the right Equations: equations should be indented with the numbers displayed on the right side in parenthesis. Eg: S = k lnΩ (1) : சைன்ெொடுகள் அமைப்புக்குறிக்குள் வெது ெக்கத்தில் கொட்ைப்ெடும் எண்களுைன் . சைன்ெொடுகள் உள்ளிைப்ெைல் கவண்டும் . : S = k ln Ω (1) எ கொ

Tables: tables should be sequentially numbered and must be centered to the text. Tables: tables should be sequentially numbered and must be centered to the text. As a guideline, the extended abstract should not contain more than 2 tables. Please make sure that the tables are not split over two separate pages. An example is as follows: : அட்ைவமைகள் அட்ைவமைகள் சீரொக எண்ணிைப்ெடுத்து பிரதிமய மையைொகக் . , லகொண்டிருத்தல் கவண்டும் ஒரு வழிமுமையொக விரிவொன ஆய்வுச் சுருக்கத்தில் 2 . அட்ைவமைகளுக்கு கைல் இருத்தல் கூைொது அட்ைவமைகள் இரண்டு . தனித்தனி ெக்கங்களில் பிரிக்கப்ெைவில்மெ என்ெமத உறுதிப்ெடுத்தவும் ஒரு : எடுத்துக்கொட்டு பின்வருைொறு

#### Table 01: Title of the Table

Heading 1	Heading 2
Date	Submission of extended abstract
Date	Notification of acceptance
Date	Registration
Date	Submission of final extended abstract

அட்டவணை அட்டவணையின் தணைப்பு 01:
Sanga (2018) Kila mmoja hujisikia na kujiona bora kuliko mwenzake kiasi cha kushindwa hata kutekeleza majukumu andamizi.

### 4.2.1.4 Muhusika Binti Wa Ajabu

Kwa hakika muhusika Binti katika hadithi ya ' Binti wa Ajabu ' amesawiriwa na kupewa sifa za aina mbalimbali za mwanamke katika uajabu wa kimasimulizi. Sifa hizo zimemuwezesha kuwa na muonekano wa kupendwa na watu wote wakubwa na wadogo wa tabaka tofauti. Kwa mfano imeelezwa juu ya uzuri wake usiomithilika kiasi cha kuja watu toka kila kona ya dunia kwa dhamira ya kumposa na hatimaye kufunga ndoa na binti huyo, na kwa hali isiyo ya kawaida na ya kushangaza hakuna hata posa moja iliyorejeshwa. Tukio hili la kila mtu kujaribu bahati yake kumposa binti huyo mwenye uzuri usioelezeka linatoa dalili juu ya namna ambavyo siku zote watu huhitaji kilicho bora hata kama kina gharama au ni vigumu kupatikana kwake. Imesimuliwa ndani ya hadithi kuwa; Binti huyo alikuwa na uzuri wa ajabu kwani kila mtu kijijini pale alivutiwa na uzuri wake kiasi ambapo baada tu ya kupata ukubwa posa zilimiminika kama mafuriko toka kila kona ya dunia ( Chanzo utafiti, 2021).

Kulingana na mihimili ya uhalisia mazingaombwe hasa ule usemao matukio ya kiajabuajabu huonekana ya kawaida na pia huwa na hali ya kushangaza, kuduwaza na kuogofya imetoa data zilizo muongoza mtafiti kubaini kuwa ndoa ni muhimili bora wa maisha kwani kushamiri kwa shughuli za ndoa kunatoa taswira ya namna ambvyo jambo hili lina nafasi kwa jamii zote lakini miongoni mwa vigezo vya kuingia katika ndoa ni uzuri wa mwanandoa husika. Wakati huohuo data zimebainisha kwamba mwanamke ameakisi namna ambavyo baadhi ya watu hujali
Kijuzi alipambana na kaagando chini ya bahari kwa masaa kadhaa bila ya kurudi juu kuvuta pumzi kama inavyofahamika kwa binadamu wa kawaida. Kaagando huyo ndiye aliyekuwa akisababisha madhara makubwa kwa wanajamii wapitao sehemu hiyo wakiwa katika shughuli zao za kawaida, jambo hili lina maajabu makubwa na ni vigumu kuhalisika. Kijuzi pia katika mapigano haya aliibuka mshindi na kumkata kaagango gando lake moja na kulitia mkobani mwake na kuondoka nalo. Vilevile Kijuzi alipambana na joka kubwa lenye vichwa saba lililokuwa likiishi ndani ya kisima kisha likala watu kama sharti la kuruhusu watu hao kupata huduma ya maji kisimani hapo. Kijuzi alikaa sambamba na mtu aliyetolewa kafara kwa joka hilo kisimani hapo, ghafla kikatokea kiza kikubwa na joka likatoa kichwa chake cha kwanza ili limmeze muhanga wa mwaka huo kama ilivyokuwa desturi yake. Lei (2010) akizungumzia dhana ya muhanga alisema kuwa liwe ni chaguo la mtu mwenyewe na liwe ni suala la haki na sio kujisalimisha kwa adui. Lakini Kijuzi kwa ushujaa na mshangao alikikata kichwa hicho, kisha joka hilo lilitoa kichwa cha pili, kichwa cha tatu hadi kichwa cha sita vyote vilikatwa na Kijuzi kimoja baada ya chengine. Joka hilo lilipoona kimebakia kichwa kimoja tu likakimbia nacho kwani lilijua wazi kuwa mtoto huyo amedhamiria kumuua. Hatimaye Kijuzi alipewa pete na joka mla watu baada ya kumkata kichwa chake cha saba na akaambiwa na nyoka huyo kuwa pete hiyo aifiche na asije akamwambia mtu yeyoye kuwa anayo yeye. Kwa kutumia nadharia ya uhalisia mazingaombwe katika muhimili wake unaoyaeleza matukio ya kiajabu na kuyafanya yaonekane ya kawaida katika kutokea
gested Readings: alter Bagehot, The English Constitution, 1867 .B. Munro, The Government of United States .C. Kapur Select World Constitutions (latest edition) ishnu Bhagwan, and Vidya Bhushan, World Constitutions, Sterling (latest edition) .S. Strong, Modern Political Constitutions (latest edition) .R. Bambwall: Major Contemporary Constitutional Systems . Jayapalan, Modern Governments, Atlantic Publication (latest edition)
ested Continuous Internal Evaluation Methods (25 Marks): • Seminar/Assignment on any topic of the above syllabus. • Test with multiple choice questions / short and long answer questions. • Research Orientation of the student. • Quiz
ested equivalent online courses: OU &Other centrally/state operated Universities / MOOCplatforms such as 'SWAYAM' in India and Abroad.
31

- h) Strategies Used to Fight HIV/AIDS in Tandala Ward

The government has been putting effort to fight against HIV/AIDS in the country of which Makete district is no exception to this tragedy. To mean it objective different approaches have been used to deliver the message to the community. As mentioned by participants of focus group discussion, they have been strategized through education awareness, meeting, theater and dissemination leaflets in school and to the community. Results from questionnaires survey indicate that, education awareness is the most strategy used to fight against HIV/AIDS by 67. % of respondents, whereas 20% of respondents mentioned theatre as a used strategy and 12.5% of respondents said meeting is among of the strategies used in Tandala wards.

### Table 16: Strategies Most Used to Fight HIV/AIDS in the Community

Strategies	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Theatre	16	20.0	20.0	20.0
Meeting	10	12.5	12.5	32.5
Education awareness	54	67.5	67.5	100.0
Total	80	100.0	100.0

Source Field survey, 2013 Source Field survey, 2013

The response in figure 5 shows that, the majority of respondents (71 percents ) admit that the strategies is adequate to fight against HIV/AIDS, while 29% of respondents said that, the strategies is not adequate to fight against HIV/AIDS. Insisting that, more education should continual to be provided to the community and Village
• Henri Fayol Principles of Management. • Max Weber: Theory of Bureaucracy.
IV	• Human Relation School: • Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Experiment. • M.P. Follet: Peace & Conflict Resolution. • Mc Gregor: Theory of Motivation.	10
V	• Behavioral School: • C.I. Barnard: Informal and formal Organization.	10
VI	• H.A. Simon; Decision Making. • Abraham Maslow: Theory of Motivation.	10
.

This is an elective course open for all.
Teagmháil a dhéanamh le teaghlach nó le neasghaol an té nach maireann, nuair is cuí

Sa chás gur mar gheall ar riocht a chaithfí a chur in iúl a tharla an bás, e.g. meiningíteas, fáil amach cé eile a bhféadfadh tionchar a bheith aige air/uirthi agus an Dochtúir Sláinte Poiblí a chur ar an eolas ionas go ndéanfaidh sé/sí teagmháil le teagmhálaithe uile an té nach maireann Seirbhísí an Aonaid Sláinte a thairiscint do mhic léinn trí Dhéin agus Stiúrthóirí Cláir.

Idirchaidreamh a dhéanamh leis na Gardaí nuair is cuí Aon fheidhmeanna eile atá oiriúnach nó a éilítear mar is gnách le haghaidh seirbhís dochtúra teaghlaigh sna cúinsí seo.
26

There is no any health service from within the villages than mobile clinic and other health service provided by Ikonda Consolata Hospital. a private hospital located 8 km from Usagatikwa village and 5km from Ihela. The service offered at Ikondo hospital includes out patients services, admission, surgery, optic services, pre - natal and pediatric, gynecology, ear, nose and throat, labour, mother and child health and TB. This hospital serves also as referral for in and outside the district.

Based on survey results, 69% of the respondents indicated that there is availability of health services in the community; where as 31% of respondents claimed that there is no health service in the community as shown in Table 17 below.

### Figure 3. Health Service Available in the Ward Source: Field survey, 2013

- b) Health Service Providers

In the community the main health provider of health service is the religion institution. The results in Table 15 indicate that 61.2% of the respondents depend on the religion health services as main health provider, where as 20% of respondent
### DHAMIRA YA MWANDISHI.

Mwandishi anadhamiria kuonyesha uongozi mbaya na athari zake hasa katika mataifa yanayoendea.Viongozi hutumia mbinu mbalimbali kuongoza zinazowanyanyasa wananchi huku wakijinufaisha wenyewe bila kujali.

Kuonyesha kuwa ili kijenga jamii mpya, mapinduzi ni muhimu na ni sharti wananchi wajitolee kwa uzalendo ili kupigania haki zao na usawa na kupinga viongozi wasiofaa.

Mwandishi anaonyesha kuwa licha ya changamoto zinazomkumba mwanamke katika jamii, mwanamke ana nafasi muhimu katika uongozi na kuleta maendeleo katika jamii.

### MAUDHUI.

- 1) UONGOZI MBAYA.

Viongozi huangaisha wanyonge, Ashua anasema, "...na kuhangaishwa na wenye nguvu ndio hewa tunayopumua huko." (uk 2)

Wachochole hutumikizwa na viongozi, Kombe, Boza na Sudi wanafanya kazi ya kuchonga vinyago vya mashujaa kwa ajili ya sherehe za uhuru.

Viongozi hawajawajibika, kazi yao ni kukusanya tu kodi.Ni jukumu la viongozi kuhakikisha kuwa soko ni safi lakini hawajawajibika kulisafisha. Licha ya wananchi kutoa kodi,soko ni chafu.(uk 2)

Viongozi kutangaza kipindi kirefu cha kusheherekea uhuru ni ishara ya uongozi mbaya. Mashujaa wanaenziwa kwa kipindi kirefu ilhali mambo ya kimsingi hayajazingatiwa.Wanasagamoyo wana matakwa mengi kuliko kipindi kirefu cha kusherehekea uhuru.

Majoka anafadhili mradi usio na msingi wa kuchonga vinyago huku watu wakiwa na njaa na wao ndio watalipia mradi huo.

Viongozi hushawishi wananchi kwa ahadi ili wawaunge mkono. Sudi anashawishiwa na Kenga kuchonga kinyago ili apate malipo mazuri; kuwa mradi huo utabadilisha maisha yake na jina lake lishamiri. Pia atapata tuzo nyingi na likizo ya mwezi mzima ughaibuni na familia yake (uk 11)

Aidha viongozi hutumia zawadi kufumba wananchi kuwa wanawajali na kujali hali zao.Kenga anawaletea Sudi, Boza na kombe keki ya uhuru. Kulingana na Sudi, hayo ni makombo na keki kubwa imeliwa kwingineko.

10
- viii) Makweche, DJ, Mashaka. viii) Makweche, DJ, Mashaka.
- ix) alienzi dini baadaye ulevi, Majisifu mnyamavu baada ya ix) alienzi dini baadaye ulevi, Majisifu mnyamavu baada ya kuumbuliwa Mkokotoni, Majununi kuchukia wanawake baada ya kukataliwa na Michell.
- x) hali-uyatima (amani, Imani) x) hali-uyatima (amani, Imani)
- xi) anafichua siri ya umiliki wa rasilmali, omba Amani msamaha, xi) anafichua siri ya umiliki wa rasilmali, omba Amani msamaha, jutua kitendo cha kumuua Hamadi.
- xi) anafichua siri ya umiliki wa rasilmali, omba Amani msamaha, xi) anafichua siri ya umiliki wa rasilmali, omba Amani msamaha, jutua kitendo cha kumuua Hamadi.

## Maswala ibuka

- a) Nafasi ya Kiswahili

Lugha ya Kiswahili ni muhimu lakini imekabiliwa na tishio kutoka kwa lugha ya sheng'. Lugha hii inaendelea kutumika na vijana, watu wa umri wa makamo na hata wazee. Vilevile baadhi ya vyombo vya habari k.v redio, magazeti vimeathiriwa na tatizo hili. uk. 5 Watetezi ya lugha wa lugha Kiswahili k.v. Amani anasema kuwa amestaafu kutoka jeshi la walinda sarufi.u.k 5 Baadhi ya vitabu vilivyochapishwa kwa lugha ya Kiswahili vinachochea ari ya wasomaji k. V Kidagaa Kimemwozea. Kuna hali ya kutoshirikiana baina ya Wakenya na Watanzania kuimarisha lugha ya Kiswahili.

- b) Uhuru

Viongozi wa baada ya uhuru wanaendeleza uonevu sawa na alivyofanya mkoloni jambo linalozua hitaji la kupigania uhuru upya. Wazalendo kama Amani na Madhubuti wakijitolea kuleta uhuru wa pili. Wanatomoko wazalendo wanapigania uhuru wao , na kulikomboa taifa lao.Wengi wanakufa katika harakati za ukombozi. Baadhi ya wapiganiaji uhuru hawafidiwi wala kutambuliwa kutambuliwa na serikali. K.v Mwinyihatibu. Kuna falsafa potovu kuhusu uhuru ambapo mwafrika anautawala muda badala ya muda kutawaliwa na muda. Falsafa hii ni inaleta usiri na uzembe katika utendakazi nah ii inarudisha nyuma maendeleo.

34
BRELA YAKUTANA NA WADAU WA VYOMBO VYA UCHUNGUZI Wadau wa Vyombo vya Uchunguzi kutoka Taasisi za Serikali wameshiriki mafunzo ya siku moja kuhusu Utekelezaji wa Kanuni za Wamiliki Manufaa. Mkurugenzi wa Leseni kutoka Wakala wa Usajili wa Biashara na Leseni (BRELA) Bw. Andrew Mkapa akifungua mafunzo hayo kwa niaba ya Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu wa BRELA, Bw. Godfrey Nyaisa, leo tarehe 25 Novemba, 2022 jijini Dar es Salaam, amesema lengo la mafunzo hayo ni kujengeana uwezo kwa kiutendaji kama wadau na kushirikiana kwenye shughuli mbalimbali za kiutendaji kazi ikiwa ni pamoja na kufanya maboresho mbalimbali ya kisheria na kimfumo kwa niaba ya Serikali na kuhakikisha kunakuwa na utoaji wa huduma bora kwa umma. "Lengo ni kukusanya maoni na ushauri kwa ajili ya maboresho zaidi ya utekelezaji wa Kanuni za Wamiliki Manufaa ili kuboresha utendaji kazi wetu wa kila siku pamoja na kuhakikisha kuwa vyombo vyote vya Uchunguzi vinapata taarifa zenye uhakika na kwa wakati," amefafanua Bw. Mkapa. Bw. Mkapa amesema kampuni zina umuhimu mkubwa katika kuchangia uchumi wa nchi, hata hivyo uzoefu unaonesha kwamba baadhi ya kampuni hutumika vibaya kwa kufanya vitendo vya kihalifu visivyokubalika kwenye jamii ikiwa ni pamoja na utakatishaji wa fedha haramu, kufadhili vitendo vya ugaidi, vitendo vya rushwa na hata ukwepaji wa kodi. Bw. Mkapa amesema, Benki ya Dunia na Taasisi nyingine za Kimataifa zinazojihusisha na masuala ya kusaidia biashara zimejitolea kuleta mabadiliko ya hali hiyo kwa kuanzisha dhana ya Mmiliki Manufaa (Beneficial Ownership Concept) ambayo imeungwa mkono na Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ikiwemo Tanzania.
BEBANAN : Dicagarkan kepada CIMB ISLAMIC BANK BERHAD (671380-H) melalui Perserahan No : 10929/2011 yang didaftarkan pada 19 JUN 2011

NOTA : Bakal pembeli adalah dinasihatkan agar membuat carian Hakmilik secara rasmi di Pejabat Tanah dan memeriksa hartanah tersebut sebelum jualan lelong.

#### LOKASI DAN PERIHAL HARTANAH :-

Hartanah tersebut adalah sebuah rumah teres dua tingkat yang terletak di kawasan perumahan dikenali sebagai TAMAN BERINGIN, Kulim, Kedah Darul Aman. Terletak lebih kurang 1.5 kilometer ke arah barat pusat Bandar Kulim. Untuk ke hartanah tersebut dari pusat Bandar Kulim, hendaklah melalui Jalan Pondok Labu lebih kurang 1.0 kilometer, belok kiri ke Jalan Keranji menuju Taman Keranji dan Taman Beringin, akhir sekali belok kiri ke Lorong Beringin 6 di mana hartanah tersebut terletak. Alamat hartanah tersebut ialah:

#### No. 312, Lorong Beringin 6, Taman Beringin, 09000 Kulim, Kedah Darul Aman.

#### HARGA RIZAB :-

Hartanah tersebut akan dijual tertakluk kepada satu harga rizab sebanyak RM 360,000.00 (RINGGIT MALAYSIA : TIGA RATUS ENAM PULUH RIBU SAHAJA) MALAYSIA : TIGA RATUS ENAM PULUH RIBU SAHAJA) dan kepada syarat-syarat jualan yang dilampirkan. Penawar yang berminat hendaklah mendepositkan 10% daripada harga rizab dalam bentuk Bank Draf di atas nama CIMB ISLAMIC BANK BERHAD sebelum jam 9.30 pagi pada hari lelongan. Baki wang belian hendaklah dibayar oleh penawar yang berjaya kepada Plaintif dalam tempoh seratus dua puluh (120) hari dari tarikh jualan. Untuk butir-butir selanjutnya, sila berhubung dengan :-

- 1) Nama Pelelong : Haji Hamdan bin Haji Morad

Alamat : No. 16A, Alor Pudak, Tanah Merah, 06700 Pendang, Kedah Darul Aman. No. Telefon : 013-4083349 No. Rujukan : MTAS KA -38-374-07/2018/CIMBIBB/hhm Email : hajihamdanhhm@yahoo.com lelongharta.com

- 2) Firma Guaman : Hoe & Ahmad Zaki

Alamat : Peguambela & Peguamcara, ST ND No. 193, 1 & 2 Floor, Jalan Lagenda 7, Lagenda Heights, 08000 Sungai Petani, Kedah Darul Aman. No. Tel : 04-7311989 No. Rujukan : HAZ/CIMB/JRL/66/17-cheong
116

through the review of project reports, the results show that, all planned activities were actually conducted and funds were spent as planned. This information was obtained from training reports, meetings minutes and attendance register. Also, through group discussion among stakeholders including youth groups, they appreciated that, all their expectations were fulfilled as expected. For example, they expected to work on potatoes cultivation with the purpose of creating self- employment. The results show that they managed to do it.

In addition, through focus group discussion, they managed to share their feelings and opinions towards the project that helped them to change their life style because before that, they used to stay in jobless corners. However, the results show that, some activities that did not work well. For instance, in delivering the HIV/AIDS message to the community, some Peer Educators failed to do it because they were just volunteering. Therefore, it was not possible to force them to do it.

- 5.2.3 Validity and Reliability
- The information was collected by the researcher from the stakeholders and implementers. The research tools were genuine reports from the institutions which participated in implementing the project.
- 5.3 Project Sustainability

Sustainability simply means how the project ensures its capacity to function regardless of the changes in external funding sources and support. In order to ensure sustainability of the project, sustainability elements were focused. Basically, there
ки (кардани ишораи саббоба) қавл ва фатвои имоми Аъзам - Абуҳанифа (р) - низ ҳаст». Ин ривояти Муваттаъ ба равшанӣ ба ин далолат мекунад, ки ишораи саббоба мазҳаби имоми Аъзам ва имом Муҳаммад (р) аст, лекин аз мафҳуми мухолифи ин ривоят зоҳиран маълум мешавад, ки Абуюсуф бо тарафайн (яъне имоми Аъзам ва имом Муҳаммад) дар ин масъала мухолиф бошанд ва шояд мухолифати ӯ ба хотири кадом далел ва ҳуҷҷате бошад, ки фақат ба Абуюсуф маълум гашта аст (на ба имоми Аъзам ва имоми Муҳаммад). Аммо Худо медонад, ки ин гумон дар ҳаққи Абуюсуф саҳеҳ бошад. Зеро барои мо маълумоти саҳеҳ дар боби мухолифати Абуюсуф бо имом Аъзам ва имом Муҳаммад дар масъалаи рафъи саббоба дар ташаҳҳуд вуҷуд надорад. Баръакс, аз нақли Аҳмад Тақиюддини Шумнӣ (р) шореҳи Мухтасар - ул - виқоя мувофиқати Абуюсуф бо эшон

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Ni muhimu kutoonyesha ubaya, kwa hivyo ni bora kwenda safari za kuhubiri na mtu wa jinsia moja (sio na mke au mume wa mtu mwingine). Matendo na tabia ya mwalimu ni muhimu. Tunapofundisha injili, tunahitaji kuwa waangalifu kwamba tabia zetu zinalingana na ujumbe wetu (1 Timotheo 4:16). Kuhubiri ni kama kupanda mbegu ya injili katika mioyo ya watu. Hatuwezi kujua ikiwa mbegu hiyo itakua na ikiwa kazi yetu ya kuhubiri itafanikiwa. Matokeo yoyote ni kwa utukufu wa Mungu (1 Wakorintho 3:7-9).

#### Somo la 5: Maisha Mapya Katika Kristo

Tulipobatizwa, tuliacha maisha yetu ya kale na kuanza maisha mapya katika Kristo (Warumi 6:4; Waefeso 2:1-5). Kupitia ubatizo, tulitoka mahali ambapo kifo kilikuwa mwisho wetu hakika hadi kwenye tumaini la uzima wa milele. Katika Kristo, hata tukifa, tutafufuliwa na kuishi tena. Kwa jinsi Mungu anavyohusika, ni kuishi tu ndani ya Kristo ndiko kunakoishi kweli. Mabadiliko haya kutoka kwa maisha ya zamani hadi mapya yanahitaji njia tofauti ya kufikiri (Waefeso 4:22-24; Warumi 13:14; Wakolosai 3:12). Tofauti kati ya njia za zamani na mpya za kufikiria ni kubwa sana hivi kwamba inaelezewa kama 'mabadiliko' au mabadiliko kamili (Warumi 12:2). Neno 'kubadilishwa' ni neno tunalotumia kuelezea mabadiliko kutoka kwa kiwavi hadi kipepeo. Sisi ni kama kiumbe tofauti kabisa. Wale walio ndani ya Kristo wanaelezewa kuwa ni 'kiumbe kipya' (2 Wakorintho 5:17). Ikiwa sisi ni sehemu ya uumbaji mpya, lazima tutupilie mbali shughuli na mitazamo ya zamani. Hatuwezi kudai kuwa katika mambo mapya ikiwa tutaendelea katika njia za zamani (Waefeso 5:3-5; Wakolosai 3:8-10; Wagalatia 5:19-21). Mabadiliko yoyote tunayofanya tusione kama kupoteza tabia zetu wenyewe. Mambo ambayo lazima tubadilishe ni yale ambayo hayakuwa ya kumcha Mungu na ya ubinafsi (Tito 3:3). Tunapofanyika kuwa mtu mpya katika Kristo, tutabadilishwa kuwa mtu anayefanya yaliyo sawa na mema. Tutakuwa mtu rahisi kuishi naye na tutafurahia maisha zaidi (Tito 2:11,12). Mtu mpya katika Kristo lazima ahimizwe kukua na kusitawi. Kuna tabia fulani ambazo tunatakiwa kuzikuza. Tazama Wagalatia 5:22-24. Yesu alikuwa na sifa hizi zote. Sasa kwa kuwa tuko ndani ya Kristo, tunahitaji kusitawisha sifa hizi pia. Ikiwa kweli tutakubali maisha yetu mapya ndani ya Kristo, basi tutaishi kama Kristo na hii inapaswa kuwa dhahiri kwa wengine (Yakobo 3:13; Wafilipi 2:14,15). Hii inaleta tatizo (Waefeso 5:7-12). Hatuwezi kuungana na watu katika kutenda matendo ya zamani (2 Wakorintho 6:14,15). Tunapaswa kuwa waangalifu kuhusu jinsi tulivyo karibu na watu wanaoishi katika njia za giza. 1 Petro 4:3-5 inaeleza kitakachotokea. Tunapoacha kujiunga na shughuli za maisha ya zamani, tutavutia maoni mabaya. Lakini usiruhusu hilo lituzuie kufuata maisha mapya. Tungekuwa wapumbavu kurudi kwenye njia mbaya za zamani zinazoongoza kwenye kifo. Kurudia njia za zamani za mwili ni mbaya zaidi kuliko kutoacha kamwe (2 Petro 2:20-22). Tusiwe wajinga (Waebrania 10:39). Tunapaswa kuchagua kwa uangalifu kile tunachofikiria - kwani mawazo yetu huamua maneno na matendo yetu (Wafilipi 4:8).