# Road Safety Management Model

#### Verica 2, 3 Verica 2, 3 Danchevska Zoran Joshevski Dejan Danchevski

######## 1Department of Traffic and Transport, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Bitola, 7000, Republic of North Macedonia 2Department of Traffic and Transport, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Bitola, 7000, Republic of North Macedonia 3Triglav Insurance, Skopje, Branch Bitola, 7000, Republic of North Macedonia

Abstract Traffic accidents are a serious problem in every society. Traffic safety is a science that analyzes road acci- dents with material damage, lightly injured, severely injured and killed persons.This paper proposes that road safety in- vestment can be optimised by the development of a road safety management model. Road safety strategies typically include a basket of engineering, enforcement and education/training measures but there does not appear to be any management model which permits the optimisation of road safety investment. The proposed model utilises linear programming to pre- dict changes in road safety resulting from safety interventions. It is mainly based on research in the areas of engineering and enforcement since there is little published research on the correlation between education and accident reduction. The model output provides the accident reduction and associated costs resulting from feasible road safety strategies. This should benefit policy makers when allocating resources. This example will be good experience for Traffic safety management sys- tem in the Republic of Macedonia.

####### Keywords Management, Model linear programming, Road Safety JEL “C”

######### 2.1. Engineering countermeasures

## 1. Introduction

In the continuation will be shown separately in three tables countermeasures from the three subgroups.Engineering road safety interventions primarily relate to measures that involve the treatment of the roadway. These vary from new warning signs to road realignment or the installation of traffic calm- ing schemes. The majority of Ireland’s road network com- prises of undivided two lane roads. This type of road presents the greatest accident risk to motorists; a recent study has shown that the fatal accident rate on undivided roads in Ireland is 9 times that on motorways [2]. Obviously it is not possible to upgrade all roads to motorways but there are many other engineering safety measures available. For ex- ample, if a considerable number of accidents involve vul- nerable road users, traffic calming measures which reduce vehicle speeds and provide additional footways may be appropriate. A ‘before and after’ study of traffic calming schemes on Irish inter- urban routes found that the average accident rate reduced from 8 accidents per annum to 3.5 accidents per annum [3]. Typical accident reductions re- sulting from engineering measures are shown in Table 1. Table 1:Typical reductions in accidents from engineering measures [4].

Traffic safety management is a systemic approach to re- ducing traffic accidents and the consequences of them. In any case, the positive experiences from the developed countries that have achieved a high level of traffic safety as the draft models for traffic safety management should be used. The three countries with the safest roads in Europe, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, imple- ment comprehensive road safety strategies that involve local authorities, road users, emergency services, enforcement agencies, etc. Such strategies require a management system to optimize road safety levels. This paper proposes a linear programming technique to assist in the optimization of re- sources. Safety countermeasures that could be implemented in a road safety strategy are first examined. The selection of safety performance indicators is then discussed. Both safety countermeasures and performance indicators are then used in a linear programming model.

## 2. Road safety countermeasures

The three main approaches normally applied in road safety management are engineering, enforcement and education. It is considered that the success of road safety campaigns is increased through the implementation of countermeasures from all three approaches [1].

Countermeasure	% accident reduction
Installation of general warning signs	25
Upgrading of roadway delineation	15