ahmedheakl/docatlas_instruct huggingface dataset:
deposit of employees' contribution by the employer shall never be allowed as deduction to the employer.
24	Relaxation in conditions for exemption to Sovereign Wealth Fund & Pension Fund (SWF/PF)	In order to incentivise more number of SWF/PF to invest in Indian Infrastructure, it is proposed to relax some of conditions for availing 100% tax exemption introduced in the last budget. The conditions which are proposed to be relaxed include prohibition on loans or borrowings, restriction on commercial activities, direct investment in entity owning infrastructure, etc.
25.	Tax incentives for IFSC	In order to promote IFSC, It is proposed to provide more tax incentives which includes tax holiday for capital gains incomes of aircraft leasing company, tax exemptions for aircraft lease rental paid to foreign lessor, tax incentive for re-location of foreign funds in IFSC and tax exemptions to investment division of the foreign banks located in IFSC.
26	Non-filing of Return by Deductee/Collectee	In order to discourage the practice of not filing returns by the persons in whose case substantial amount of tax has been deducted/collected, it is proposed to provide that a person in whose case TDS/TCS of `50,000 or more has been made for the past two years and who has not filed return of income, the rate of TDS/TCS shall be at the double of the specified rate or 5%, whichever is higher. This provision shall not be applicable for the transactions where full amount of tax is required to be deducted e.g. salary income, payment to non-resident, lottery, etc.
27	Levy of TDS on Purchase of Goods	In order to widen the scope of TDS, it is proposed to levy a TDS of 0.1% on a purchase transaction exceeding ` 50 lakh in a year. In order to reduce the compliance burden, it is also proposed to provide that the responsibility of deduction shall lie only on the persons whose turnover exceeds ` 10 crore.
28	Substitution of Authority for Advance Rulings with Board for Advance Rulings	To ensure faster disposal of cases, it is proposed to replace the Authority for Advance Rulings with a Board for Advance Rulings. It is also proposed to provide appeal against the order of such Board to the High Court.
29.	Alignment of Minimum	In order to provide relief to the taxpayers in
Maria Brasileiro Kiss miguitos fofitos :)

Diretório constituído por cinco membros que nomeavam os ministros, chefiavam o exército, dirigiam a administração e diplomacia. Entre outras medidas pode-se salientar a elaboração de uma nova constituição mais conservadora e burguesa que irá limitar os direitos de liberdade e igualdade, decretar a separação entre a igreja e o Estado criando um Estado laico.

## Ofinal do Diretório:

A França no final do período do diretório continuava numa situação extraordinariamente difícil. Os sucessivos governos eram incapazes de resolver a crise económica e financeira que o país atravessava vivendo num caos interno. As manifestações e revoltas eram permanentes e obrigavam ao recurso do exército para manter a ordem pública, reprimir as revoltas e controlar os adversários políticos.

## A rápida ascensão política do general Napoleão Bonaparte:

Napoleão era um general com grande prestígio devido às inúmeras batalhas que tinha vencido. Em 1799, quando a França era ameaçada por invasões externas e o governo do Diretório tinha levado a um impasse negativo, Napoleão irá liderar um golpe de estado que porá fim ao Diretório e dará origem ao governo do Consulado. Este governo era constituído por 3 cônsules e Napoleão foi adquirindo um poder cada vez maior, uma vez que devido à sua ação conseguiu a pacificação interna; a paz com a igreja, através da elaboração de uma concordata; assegurou a paz externa através da assinatura de acordos com a Áustria e a Inglaterra; criou um novo código civil; reformou o sistema fiscal e monetário e fundou o primeiro banco de França.

## 'Em maio de 1804, um novo plebiscito transformava o cônsul napoleão um imperador hereditário. A Revolução chegara ao fim!'

Esta frase pretende salientar que a chegada de Napoleão ao poder pôs fim à instabilidade política, social e económica que se vivia após a Revolução Francesa. Ao mesmo tempo Napoleão conseguiu, graças à popularidade que tinha tornar-se imperador pondo fim à república. A primeira república francesa terminava assim em 1804 e só seria restabelecida, embora de forma provisória em 1848.

## Principais focos revolucionários entre os finais do século XVIII e meados do século XIX:

Portugal, Grécia, Espanha, França, Bélgica.

## Principais motivos que conduziram às revoluções liberais:
República Democrática

de São Tomé e Príncipe

(Unidade - Disciplina - Trabalho)

MINISTÉRIO DO PLANEAMENTO, FINANÇAS E ECONOMIA AZUL

AFAP - Agência Fiduciária de Administração de Projetos

Para o caso concreto de STP, são escassas as opções responsáveis e formais de reciclagem de REEE, sendo que o volume e custos operacionais inviabilizam a sua deposição no único aterro sanitário existente (aterro sanitário de Penha), pelo que é geralmente depositado em lixeiras sem qualquer tratamento adequado ou reciclados por 'sucateiros' e catadores sem a observância de princípios básicos de saúde e segurança, bem como de preservação ambiental. Existem rumores e pequenas informações dispersas de um complexo mercado informal pouco discutido e estudado de REEE, com actores nacionais na base (a actuarem p.ex. na quebra de baterias e queima de fios e cabos para obterem os metais interiores em actos que perigam as suas saúdes e ao ambiente) e nacionais e migrantes estrangeiros a actuarem no topo (na compra). Diversos factores concorrem para a não legalização desta cadeia de reciclagem de resíduos: ausência de políticas de incentivo da reciclagem formal de resíduos (gerais e electrónicos), inexistência de 3 legislação específica e certificações não claras a preços proibitivos para concorrência com os informais com baixos custos operacionais, dentre outros.

### 6.3 Implementação deste procedimento

Sugere-se que as empresas e instituições públicas e privadas (incluindo PMEs beneficiárias de subvenções) envolvidas no projecto devem constituir uma equipa de gestão de património ou ter na sua estrutura uma organização, que será responsável por garantir o armazenamento de materiais ou equipamentos após a compra ou após a avaria. O local para o armazenamento do material/equipamento/componentes deve ser arejado, impermeabilizado e sem exposição a condições atmosféricas extremas (calor, humidade, etc). Em caso de não funcionamento se fará a inventariação dos materiais, o catálogo e reparação por especialistas certificados, de preferência da agência autorizada pelo fabricante. Por esse motivo, as garantias contra defeitos de fabrico devem estar bem conservadas e facilmente localizáveis. Dependendo da estrutura interna da instituição pública e/ou privada, deverá se decidir entre o sector de património, aquisições, TICs e/ou de salvaguardas ambientais, quais deverão garantir treinamentos aos demais funcionários sobre o uso e implementação do presente procedimento de práticas, incluindo o uso correcto de equipamentos eléctricos e electrónicos e dos perigos sociais, ambientais e de saúde humana que podem advir da má gestão desses resíduos.

### 6.4 Requisitos a serem adoptados

### 6.2.1. Medidas gerais

- • o princípio da hierarquia das operações de gestão de resíduos, procurando em • o princípio da hierarquia das operações de gestão de resíduos, procurando em primeiro lugar a prevenção e a redução, seguidas da preparação para reutilização, reciclagem ou outras formas de valorização. A deposição em aterro constitui a última opção de gestão.
NVDA can be configured so that the numpad Insert, Extended Insert and/or capslock key can be used as the NVDA modifier key. By default, both the numpad Insert and Extended Insert keys are set as NVDA modifier keys. If you wish to cause one of the NVDA modifier keys to behave as it usually would if NVDA were not running (e.g. you wish to turn capslock on when you have set capslock to be an NVDA modifier key), you can press the key twice in quick succession.

- 4.2.2. Keyboard Layouts

NVDA currently comes with two sets of key commands (known as keyboard layouts): the desktop layout and the laptop layout. By default, NVDA is set to use the Desktop layout, though you can switch to the Laptop layout in the Keyboard category of the NVDA Settings dialog, found under Preferences in the NVDA menu. The Desktop layout makes heavy use of the numpad (with numlock off). Although most laptops do not have a physical numpad, some laptops can emulate one by holding down the FN key and pressing letters and numbers on the right-hand side of the keyboard (7, 8, 9, u, i, o, j, k, l, etc.). If your laptop cannot do this or does not allow you to turn numlock off, you may want to switch to the Laptop layout instead.

- 4.3. NVDA Touch Gestures

If you are running NVDA on a device with a touchscreen and running Windows 8 or higher, you can also control NVDA directly via touch commands. While NVDA is running, all touch input will go directly to NVDA. Therefore, actions that can be performed normally without NVDA will not work.

- 4.3.1. Exploring the Screen

The most basic action you can perform with the touch screen is to announce the control or text at any point on the screen. To do this, place one finger anywhere on the screen. You can also keep your finger on the screen and move it around to read other controls and text that your finger moves over.

- 4.3.2. Touch Gestures

When NVDA commands are described later in this user guide, they may list a touch gesture which can be used to activate that command with the touchscreen. Following are some instructions on how to perform the various touch gestures.

## Taps

Tap the screen quickly with one or more fingers.
23PCOMC21	CORE COURSE - 4 23PCOMC21- STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT	L	P	C
Semester-2	23PCOMC21- STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT	CORE COURSE - 4 23PCOMC21- STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT	6	5

Learning Objectives:
LO1:	To analyse the aspects of strategic and quality control management
LO2:	To analyse and select cost control techniques
LO3:	To apply activity-based costing for decision making
LO4:	To utilise transfer pricing methods in cost determination
LO5:	To apply cost management techniques in various sectors

Course Outcomes:
After the successful completion of the course, the students willbe able to:
CO1:	Discuss strategic cost management and QC
CO2:	Choose the appropriate technique for cost control
CO3:	Utiliseactivity based costing in practice
CO4:	Adopt transfer pricing methods
CO5:	Build cost structure for Agriculture and IT sector

###### Unit I: Introduction to Strategic Cost Management

Introduction to Strategic Cost Management (SCM) - Need for SCM - Differences between SCM and Traditional Cost Management - Value Chain Analysis: Meaning and steps - Quality Cost Management: Meaning of Quality and Quality Management - Cost of Quality - Indian Cost Accounting Standard 21 on Quality Control - Introduction to Lean System - Benefits of Lean System - Just in Time (JIT) - Kaizen Costing.

###### Unit II: Cost Control and Reduction

Cost Management Techniques: Cost Control: Meaning and Prerequisites - Cost Reduction: Meaning and Scope - Differences between Cost control and cost reduction - Pareto Analysis: Meaning, importance and applications - Target Costing: Meaning, steps and Principles - Life Cycle Costing: Meaning, Strategies for each stage of product life cycle, Benefits - Learning Curve: Meaning, Learning curve ratio and applications

###### Unit III: Activity Based Cost Management

Activity Based Cost Management: Concept, Purpose, Stages, Benefits, Relevance in Decision making and its Application in Budgeting - Practical problems.

###### Unit IV: Transfer Pricing

Transfer Pricing: Meaning, Benefits, Methods: Pricing based on cost, Market price on transfer price, Negotiated pricing and Pricing based on opportunity costs - Practical Problems.

###### Unit V: Cost Management in Agriculture and IT sector

Agriculture Sector: Features, Cost Structure, Cost Management, Tools to measure the performance, Minimum Support Price and International Perspective - Information Technology Sector: Features, Cost Structure, Cost Management and International Perspective.

Recent Trends inStrategic Cost Management Trends inStrategic Cost Management	Recent Trends inStrategic Cost Management

Faculty member will impart the knowledge on recent trends in Strategic Cost Management to the students and these components will not cover in the examination.
Course Code: CC-10 23UCSCC52	Database Management Systems	Credits:4
Lecture Hours: (L) per week: 5	Tutorial Hours : (T) per week	Lab Practice Hours: (P)per week	Total: (L+T+P) per week: 5
Course Category :CC-10	Year &Semester: III YEAR V SEMESTER	Admission Year:2023
Pre-requisite	Basic knowledge on Data and its relations
Learning teachers: what they have to do in the class/lab/field) Learning teachers: what they have to do in the class/lab/field) Objectives: • To enable the students to learn the designing of data base systems, foundation on the relational model of data and normal forms. • To understood the concepts of data base management system, design simple Database models • To learn and understand to write queries using SQL, PL/SQL.
Course students: To know what they are going to learn) Course students: To know what they are going to learn) Outcomes: Understand the various basic concepts of Data Base System. Difference between file CO1: system and DBMS and compare various data models. Define the integrity constraints. Understand the basic concepts of Relational Data Model, CO2: Entity-Relationship Model. Design database schema considering normalization and relationships within database. CO3: Understand and construct database using Structured Query Language. Attain a good practical skill of managing and retrieving of data using Data Manipulation Language (DML). Classify the different functions and various join operations and enhance the knowledge CO4: of handling multiple tables. Learn to design Data base operations and implement using PL/SQL programs. Learn CO5: basics of PL/SQL and develop programs using Cursors, Exceptions
Recap: for examination) Motivation/previous lecture/ relevant portions required for the Recap: for examination) Motivation/previous lecture/ relevant portions required for the course) [ This is done during 2 Tutorial hours)
Units	Contents	Required Hours
I	Database Systems - Data vs Information Database Systems - Data vs Information Concepts: - Introducing the database -File system - Problems with file system - Database systems. Data models - Importance - Basic	12
########## Semester3

########## PaperTitle:Molecules,PhotonsandNuclei Paper Code: PHYIDC201-3 Credit:03(3+0+0) Lecture:45

########## CourseObjective:

This paperwillexplain thehistoricaldevelopmentofthebuildingblockof theuniverseto thephysicsof the universe. It includes energy and its conservation, discovery of laws of thermodynamics. The paper gives the basic ideas of soft and hard electromagnetic radiations. The nuclei, the mass energy equivalence. Preliminary ideas ofradioisotopes, nuclear reactions, solar energy, wind energy. The nature of the universe, expanding , stars at their different ages, cosmic rays etc.

########## CourseOutcome:

Students are expected to understand the concept of energy and its conservation and different forms. They will also be able to understand the theory of relativity and the equivalence of mass and energy; the electromagnetic radiation,Solar energy and the thermonuclear reactions that are going on in the Star. They will also understand the Expansion of the Universe, the origin of cosmic rays etc.

Unit I :Elements.Atomsandmolecules.IntermolecularBonds.PhysicalandChemical StructureofMatter :Elements.Atomsandmolecules.IntermolecularBonds.PhysicalandChemical StructureofMatter properties. Interactionofmolecules.Whatthermalmotionlookslike?Crystalsandtheirshape. Structure of crystals. Polycrystalline substances. (6 Lecture) Law of Thermodynamics: Conservation of energy at the molecularlevel. How heatis converted into st nd work.Entropy. Fluctuations.1 and 2 laws of thermodynamics. (6 Lecture) Electromagnetic Radiation (Soft And Hard): Exchange of energy by radiation. The theory of thermalradiation. Optical spectra. Laser radiation. Luminescence.The discovery of X-rays and applications.Radiography of materials. (10 Lecture)

########## Unit II

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMIC NUCLEI: Properties of atomic nuclei, the mass and energy of an atomic nucleus. Isotopes. Radioactivity.Radioactive decay.Nuclear reactions and the discovery of neutron. The energy of nuclear reactions. A nuclear chain reaction.

########## (10 Lecture)

########## Unit III

Energy Around Us: Sources of energy. Fuel. Electric power plants. Nuclear reactors. Thermonuclearenergy. Solar energy. Power from the wind. ) (6 Lecture The Physics of the Universe: Measuring distance to the stars. The expanding universe. Basic theory of relativity. Life cycle of Stars: Chandrasekhar's contribution. Radio astronomy. Cosmic rays.

########## (7 Lecture)

########## ReferenceBooks:

- 1. PhysicsforEveryone.(BOOK2):MOLECULES.L.D.Landau,A. I.Kitaigorodsky.Mir Publishers, Moscow. Translated from theRussian by(Martin Greendlinger,D. Sc., Math)
- 2. PhysicsforEveryone.(BOOK4):PHOTONS&NUCLEI.A.I.Kitaigorodsky.Mir Publishers, Moscow. Translated from theRussian by (GeorgeYankovosky)
- 3. TheFeynmanLecturesonPhysics(I,II&III) (PearsonEducationPublication)
- High level requirements, algorithm verification methods, etc. Include Checklist(s) for the activity.

## 4.4 Software Coding Process Verification methods

Description of code that is reviewed and analysed. Cover code walkthrough, traceability to low level requirements, control & data flow checks for determinism, coding standard checks, robustness/ testability/ readability/ maintainability checks, no undocumented function implemented, stack usage, fixed point arithmetic overflow and resolution, resource contention, worst-case execution timing, exception handling, use of uninitialized variables or constants, unused variables or constants, and data corruption due to task or interrupt conflicts etc. Include Checklist(s) for the activity.

## 4.5 Software Testing Process Verification methods

### Description of test case preparation rationale, regression tests selection method, requirement based coverage, normal and abnormal conditions, external/ internal failure simulations, structural coverage, coverage analysis methods, test data to be produced for . low level testing, integration testing, HSI testing, rig testing, aircraft testing etc Include Checklist(s) for the activity.

## 5.0 Verification environment

- A description of the equipment for testing, the testing and analysis tools, and the guidelines for applying these tools and hardware test equipment, indicating target computer and simulator differences.

## 6.0 Transition criteria

- The transition criteria for entering the software verification process defined in this plan.

## 7.0 Partitioning considerations

- If partitioning is used, the methods used to verify the integrity of the partitioning.

## 8.0 Compiler assumptions

- A description of the assumptions made by the designer about the correctness of the compiler, linkage editor or loader.

## 9.0 Re-verification

- For software modification, a description of the methods for identifying the affected areas of the software and the changed parts of the Executable Object Code. The re-
#### Elective IV: Statistics - II

SEMESTER: IV PART: III ELECTIVE IV THEORY	23USTAE45 STATISTICS - II	CREDIT: 2 HOURS: 3

#### OBJECTIVE

To understand and computing statistical Methods by which to develop the programming Skills.

#### UNIT-I

Curve fitting by the methods of least squares - Y = a x + b, Y = a x2 + b x + c, Y = a xb, Y = a e bx and Y= abx

#### UNIT-II

Sample Space - events - probability - Addition and Multiplication Theorem - conditional probability - Baye's Theorem. Mathematical expectation Addition and Multiplication theorem, Chebychev's Inequality.

#### UNIT-III

Standard distributions - Binomial, Poisson, Normal distribution and fitting of these distributions.

#### UNIT-IV

Test of Significance- small sample and large sample test based on mean, S.D. correlation and proportion - confidence interval.

#### UNIT-V

Analysis of variance - One and Two way classifications - Basic principle of design of Experiments - Randomisation, Replication and Local control - C.R.D., R.B.D. and L.S.D. BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

- 1. Fundamental of Mathematical Statistics - S.C. Gupta &V.K. Kapoor - Sultan Chand
- 2. Fundamental of Applied Statistics - S.C. Gupta & V.K. Kapoor - Sultan Chand
- 3. Statistical Methods - Snedecor G.W. &Cochran W.G. oxford &+DII

4. Elements of Statistics - Mode . E.B. - Prentice Hall PROGRAMME OUTCOMES AND COURSE OUTCOMES MAPPING TABLE

CO/PO	PO1	PO2	PO3	PO4	PO5
CO1	2	3	2	2	3
CO2	3	2	3	3	2
CO3	3	3	2	2	2
CO4	3	3	3	3	2
CO5	2	2	3	2	3

1-LOW 2- MODERATE 3-HIGH
########## Semester3 PaperTitle:WavesandOptics Paper Code: PHYMAJ202-4 Credit: 04 (3+0+1) Lecture:45

########## Objectives:

The main objective of the paper is to give basic concepts of Simple Harmonic Motion, Wave Motion, Vibration of strings & air column. The paper also includes the concept of wave properties of light through interference &diffraction.

########## Courseoutcome:

Theoutcomeofthepaper includestheknowledgeofvibrations,propagationofwaves,vibrationofair column, harmonics of strings. The paper has another outcome of offering knowledge of wave properties of light &corresponding phenomena.

UnitI

Superposition of Collinear Harmonic oscillations Linearity and Superposition Principle. Superposition of Collinear Harmonic oscillations Linearity and Superposition Principle. of Collinear Harmonic oscillations Superposition of two collinear oscillations having (1) equal frequencies and (2) different frequencies (Beats). Superposition of N collinear Harmonic Oscillations with (1) equal phase differences and (2) equal frequency differences. (4 Lectures) : Graphical and Analytical Methods. Superposition of two perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations of two perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations Lissajous Figures with equal an unequal frequency and their uses. (2 Lectures) PlaneandSphericalWaves.LongitudinalandTransverseWaves.PlaneProgressive WaveMotion: (Travelling)Waves. Wave Equation. Particleand WaveVelocities. Differential Equation. Pressure ofa Longitudinal Wave. Energy Transport. Intensity of Wave. (3 Lectures) Velocity of Transverse Vibrations of Stretched Strings. Velocity of Longitudinal Velocity of Waves: Waves in a Fluid in a Pipe. Newton's Formula for Velocity of Sound. Laplace's Correction. (4 Lectures) Lectures) :Standing(Stationary)WavesinaString:FixedandFree Ends. SuperpositionofTwoHarmonicWaves Analytical Treatment. Phase and Group Velocities. Changes with respect to Position and Time. EnergyofVibratingString.TransferofEnergy.NormalModesofStretchedStrings.Pluckedand StruckStrings.Melde'sExperiment.LongitudinalStandingWavesandNormalModes.Openand Closed Pipes. Superposition of N Harmonic Waves. (6 Lectures)

########## Unit II

WaveOptics: Principle. WaveOptics: Principle. Temporal and Spatial Coherence. (2 Lectures) Division of amplitude and wavefront. Young's double slit experiment. Lloyd's Interference: MirrorandFresnel'sBiprism.Phasechangeonreflection:Stokes'treatment.InterferenceinThinFilms: parallel and wedge-shaped films. Fringes of equal inclination (HaidingerFringes);Fringees of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton's Rings:Measurementofwavelengthandrefractiveindex. (7 Lectures) Lectures) :MichelsonInterferometer-(1)Ideaofformoffringes(Notheoryrequired),(2) Interferometer Determination of Wavelength, (3) Wavelength Difference, (4) Refractive Index, and (5) Visibility ofFringes. Fabry-Perot interferometer. (3 Lectures) Kirchhoff'sIntegralTheorem,Fresnel - Kirchhoff'sIntegralformula.(Qualitative discussion Diffraction: only). (2 Lectures)