RC: Psychohistorian's Handbook A good beginning was Henry Lawton's (1988), which RC: Psychohistorian's Handbook A good beginning was Henry Lawton's (1988), which conveys the range of psychohistory and gives the sense of its being an intellectual adventure (which Henry strongly feels and conveys in conversation). Reading reviews of psychohistorical Journal of Psychohistory and related books in the and was a good way of getting Clio's Psyche into the literature. Lee Shneidman's are unfailingly good.

## PHE:

What other books were important to your development?

RC: are so many. If I focus on psychological books I would have to include: Erik RC: are so many. If I focus on psychological books I would have to include: Erik Childhood and Society The Seasons of a Man's Life Erikson, ; Levinson, ; Peter Loewenberg, Decoding the Past: The Psychohistorical Approach The Quest for Identity (1983);Allen Wheelis, The Victims of Democracy: Malcolm X and the Black (1966); and Eugene Victor Wolfenstein, Revolution (1981).

## PHE:

What is the influence of your psychoanalytic experience on you as a psychohistorian?

RC: am still in psychotherapy practice, and I frequently apply what I know about patients to RC: am still in psychotherapy practice, and I frequently apply what I know about patients to my work as a biographer. It has involved separating psychological insights I have formed on current political leaders from their political ideas and their impact on politics.

PHE: list the five people who you think have made the greatest contribution to PHE: list the five people who you think have made the greatest contribution to psychohistory in order of their contribution.

RC: answer this not as a historian or psychohistorian but simply citing four books and an RC: answer this not as a historian or psychohistorian but simply citing four books and an Young Man Luther The Bourgeois article I have especially enjoyed: Erikson, ; Peter Gay, Experience: Victoria to Freud The Victims of Democracy (1984), and Wolfenstein, , are great Free Associations books and I wrote this in my review of them in 'Views of Psychohistory,' ( , Hitler: The Pathology of Evil 14, 1989); I would now add George Victor, (1998), and Lee Shneidman, "Alienation in Marx" ( June 1994, pp. 4&5), to this list. Clio's Psyche,

## PHE:

How do you see psychohistory developing in the next decade or two?

RC: will survive because psychoanalysis will survive. In my 'History of RC: will survive because psychoanalysis will survive. In my 'History of Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, Psychiatry' section in the I point out that while the influence of psychoanalysis on American psychiatry has declined because it is no longer used in formulating diagnoses and while there is intense controversy about its value and validity, Freud's place as one of the supreme makers of the 20th century alongside Darwin, Marx, and Einstein remains secure. Because of this continuing status, psychoanalysis will remain a source and inspiration for psychohistory.

PHE: do we as psychohistorians need to do to strengthen our work and have more PHE: do we as psychohistorians need to do to strengthen our work and have more influence?