RC: watershed in my work with Columbia University graduate students was the student RC: watershed in my work with Columbia University graduate students was the student radicalism of the 1960s, which prompted students to lead a more autonomous campus life. Some students then sought to define themselves better by entering psychotherapy; other students turned away from therapy by entering groups of women, blacks, or gays; and some combined therapy with being in a group. In this trend of increased freedom, there were many psychological issues and different kinds of psychotherapy, including: l) issues of identity involving problems of intimacy with another person and of career that often led to years of long-term psychotherapy (Erik Erikson was the one psychotherapist who was something of a hero to graduate students); 2) new techniques of short-term psychotherapy for some students; 3) using new anti-psychotic drugs to successfully treat psychotics (some with hallucinations); 4) successfully treating cases of panic-disorder with new Prozac-type medicines; 5) learning to treat borderline patients with different modalities of psychotherapy and medications, and, when necessary, hospitalizing them for brief periods to prevent self-mutilation and suicide; and 6) treating foreign students which involved learning something of their culture. My work at Columbia with graduate students leads me to want to publish on these marvelous, bright, aspiring, grad students at their stage of life. The main difficulty in continuing therapy with them is that they are impecunious.

PHE: are such a reserved, private, scholarly man, who was raised in a generation when sex PHE: are such a reserved, private, scholarly man, who was raised in a generation when sex was not that talked about in 'polite' society, that I am somewhat puzzled by your being a sex therapist.

RC: in sex therapy and helping others with their sexual issues allowed me to explore an RC: in sex therapy and helping others with their sexual issues allowed me to explore an area that I was not that comfortable with in my earlier life, mostly because I did not have a lot of close contact with teenage boys and young men who spoke freely about sexuality. My own analysis had freed me from many preconceptions and inhibitions.

## PHE:

What are your observations on women's sexuality issues over three decades?

RC: convenient starting point for the many dramatic changes that have occurred are the two RC: convenient starting point for the many dramatic changes that have occurred are the two Human Sexual Response Human Sexual Dysfunction books of Masters and Johnson -- (1966) and (1971) -- which showed the great orgasmic potential of women (and discredited Freud's theory of clitoral and vaginal orgasms). It brought psychology into sexual dysfunctions (Masters and Johnson's 'conjoint therapy' with both a female and a male therapis t) showing that orgasmic dysfunctions can be treated. The advent of the birth control pill and the vibrator encouraged women to enjoy their sexuality. I was often impressed when women, who had never had an orgasm, had their first orgasm with a vibrator, and how this first orgasm increased in a lasting way their feelings of self-esteem. Some women, who cannot have orgasms, have still learned to enjoy having sex because of the feelings of intimacy with their partner that it gives them. Knowledge of sex has led to some women doing graduate work in aspects of sex in history. With all this advancement in sexual it is still necessary, when doing psychotherapy with women, to search out underlying, sometimes unconscious, reservations about sex, often from parental attitudes or religious precepts.