Kaltenböck 2013, Sansiñena 2015, amongst others). Pérez Fernández et al.’s paper on insubordinate subjunctive complement constructions in Spanish pays special attention to the question whether the meanings expressed by insubordinate subjunctive complement constructions (ISCs) are encoded in the construction or can be derived via independently existing principles of pragmatic interpretation. The contribution by Vandelanotte takes the discussion a step further by arguing that some patterns of online discourse usage can qualify as constructions, in which, beside textual material, visual components fill in constructional slots. The paper discusses the main arguments for regarding memes as constructions or rather not, and it looks for the unit of discourse in which they acquire their meaning. A further distinction is made between isolated memes and meme conversations, which can, in turn, become more or less conventionalized. Third, several contributions explicitly highlight the necessity for a ‘network’ understanding of conversational patterns. It has been argued that these patterns should not be studied in isolation but as part of a broader constructional network, including other variant forms and taxonomic links to related constructions (Kaltenböck 2013; Enghels 2018). The ‘cloud of exemplars’ (Bybee 2010: 14) mostly has a prototypical member to which variants are linked by analogical relationships (Van Bogaert 2009). Most networks have been established in terms of a vertical hierarchical structure including one or more parent constructions that serve as formal and functional model(s) (Goldberg 2006), but at least two other network representations have been proposed. Van de Velde (2014) adds a horizontal schema and shows how relationships are maintained among and across (sub)schemas. Yet another proposal has been made by Fried & Östman (2005) who define the network of discourse-level constructions as a multidimensional set of related functions and sociolinguistic norms. Which network is methodologically and theoretically the most appropriate one to account for the configuration of discourse-level constructions has already been an issue for debate (e.g. the complex discourse markers network proposed by Traugott 2018). In this volume, Fried also addresses some of the main representational challenges and argues for a multilayered constructional map-approach, paying equal importance to the internal and external description of a discourse pattern. Vandelanotte discusses the network relations among more and less schematic meme constructions, and argues that each of the relations involves inheritance by the meme construction of properties of the linguistic construction, but also some adaptive specifications unique to the memes. Fernandez et al. present each semantic type of insubordinate subjunctive complement clauses as a node in a constructional network which establishes diverse types of relationships, both with other constructions and with general principles of interpretation. Kaltenböck shows that for semi-insubordination a number of taxonomic links – or parent constructions – can be identified, paired with weaker links, depending on the particular formal type of semi-insubordination involved.

- 2. Overview of the chapters in this volume

The paper by Mirjam Fried, entitled “Discourse-referential patterns as a network of grammatical constructions” is concerned with a set of dative-marked expressions of interpersonal relations in present-day Czech. Until present, these widely used expressions, cross-linguistically known as ‘ethical datives’ lack a comprehensive and systematic definition. The Czech dative appears to be a particularly productive and polyfunctional linguistic strategy, combining both propositional and non-propositional uses, and a range of ambiguous ones. The datives with a full propositional meaning are structurally integrated in the proposition, (mostly) have an argument status and represent participants of the event