1 Argentina: The census of psychiatric bed capacities was conducted in 1995. The second data point was retrieved from the WHO Mental Health Atlas from 2001 and 2005 and based on a telephone survey. The data point 2012 is from a registry of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Argentina. All public and private hospital beds had to be re-registered in this year. Therefore, the central government possesses a complete count for this year. For 2017, another data point was retrieved from the WHO Mental Health Atlas. All previous data points al.1 were already published in a study by Mundt et For the other years national bed counts were not conducted and data were not available. Psychiatric bed numbers include private and public psychiatric hospital beds. Data on prison population was retrieved from the Institute for Criminal Policy Research for the years 1992 and 1995 and from of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Argentina on the statistics of the penal justice system for the years 1996 to 2016. Bolivia: For the rate of psychiatric beds, the data point 1997 was retrieved from an international peer reviewed scientific publication which was also included in a previous study.1 All the other data points 2000 to 2017 are from interviews with experts and leaders in mental health services held by the regional collaborator. Prison population rates were retrieved from the National Prison Administration through the National Institute for Statistics for the years 1996 to 2010 and from the Institute for Criminal Policy Research for 2012, 2014 and 2016. Brazil: Psychiatric bed counts from 1992-2002 were retrieved from the Department of Information of the Ministry of Health (http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sih/cnv/cxuf.def; accessed 08/02/2013). Data on the number of psychiatric hospital beds from 2003 to 2011 were retrieved from the 1 Argentina: The census of psychiatric bed capacities was conducted in 1995. The second data point was retrieved from the WHO Mental Health Atlas from 2001 and 2005 and based on a telephone survey. The data point 2012 is from a registry of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Argentina. All public and private hospital beds had to be re-registered in this year. Therefore, the central government possesses a complete count for this year. For 2017, another data point was retrieved from the WHO Mental Health Atlas. All previous data points al.1 were already published in a study by Mundt et For the other years national bed counts were not conducted and data were not available. Psychiatric bed numbers include private and public psychiatric hospital beds. Data on prison population was retrieved from the Institute for Criminal Policy Research for the years 1992 and 1995 and from of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Argentina on the statistics of the penal justice system for the years 1996 to 2016. Bolivia: For the rate of psychiatric beds, the data point 1997 was retrieved from an international peer reviewed scientific publication which was also included in a previous study.1 All the other data points 2000 to 2017 are from interviews with experts and leaders in mental health services held by the regional collaborator. Prison population rates were retrieved from the National Prison Administration through the National Institute for Statistics for the years 1996 to 2010 and from the Institute for Criminal Policy Research for 2012, 2014 and 2016. Brazil: Psychiatric bed counts from 1992-2002 were retrieved from the Department of Information of the Ministry of Health (http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sih/cnv/cxuf.def; accessed 08/02/2013). Data on the number of psychiatric hospital beds from 2003 to 2011 were retrieved from the