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- - disasters: natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, foods, landslides among others can also cause disability
- - Poisons: they can cause conditions like paralysis and blindness
- - Poverty and malnutrition: If a baby or young child does not get enough good food to eat, she or he may become blind or have trouble learning or understanding.
- Malnutrition of a pregnant woman leads to her to give birth a child with disabilities
- Poor people are most vulnerable to disability because they are forced to live and work in unsafe environments with poor sanitation, with little access to education, clean water, or enough good food which may cause disability
- - Failure to immunize and vaccinate children may cause children to suffer diseases like polio consequently they will be disabled

## Good introduction: 2marks

### Body: any 8 points x 2=16 marks for a good and convincing explanation Good conclusion: 2marks

## 10 Explain the conflict management strategies that we can use in conflict transformation

- a) Negotiation: this is a bargain or discussion between conflicting parties in order to come up with a solution or agreement.
- b) Accommodation; The accommodating strategy essentially entails giving the opposing side what it wants. The use of accommodation often occurs when one of the parties wishes to keep the peace or perceives the issue as minor.
- c) Avoiding: The avoidance strategy seeks to put off conflict indefinitely. By delaying or ignoring the conflict, the avoider hopes the problem resolves itself without confrontation.
- d) Conciliation (or Compromising) :By compromising or conciliation strategy, the conciliator calls for both sides of a conflict to give up elements of their position in order to establish an acceptable, if not agreeable, solution. This strategy prevails most often in conflicts where the parties hold approximately equivalent power.
- e) Mediation :Mediation is the process in which the third party intervenes in conflict, with consent of conflicting parties to facilitate mutual acceptable solution which require the agreement of participants for implementation
- f) Arbitration :Arbitration is the process by which the parties to a dispute present arguments and evidences to a neutral third party (arbitrator), who makes decision regarding the conflict
- f) Arbitration :Arbitration is the process by which the parties to a dispute present arguments and evidences to a neutral third party (arbitrator), who makes decision regarding the conflict
- g) Reconciliation :Reconciliation is the process which attempts not only to give solutions to conflicts but also to modify those conflicts into good relations, friendship and cooperative relations.
- g) Reconciliation :Reconciliation is the process which attempts not only to give solutions to conflicts but also to modify those conflicts into good relations, friendship and cooperative relations.
- h) Courts: this is used when peaceful resolution strategies fail, this is the final solution to conflicts. Parties involved in disputes move to court and present their disputes to judges who after listening to both sides carefully, make a fair judgment.