1945 War II ends. Liberation of the death camps where six million Jews died. Arabs demand 1945 War II ends. Liberation of the death camps where six million Jews died. Arabs demand end to Jewish immigration to Palestine. 'Illegal' smuggling of Holocaust survivors into Palestine by Jews. Increase of Jewish underground actions against British blockade and British administration in Palestine. Irgun bombs King David Hotel. 1946 1947 Britain announces withdrawal from Palestine. United Nations announces partition into Jewish 1947 and Arab states. Dead Sea Scrolls discovered. Invasion of Arab forces aimed at preventing the establishment of the Jewish State. Declaration 1948 of independence of the State of Israel. David Ben Gurion first Prime Minister. Israel's War of Independence. Arab armies from five countries invade Israel. Jordanian forces - 1948 49 occupy Judea, Samaria, and eastern half of Jerusalem, including Old City and Temple Mount; Jordan annexes East Jerusalem; destroying all Jewish settlements. Egypt occupies Gaza. War of Independence ends in Jewish victory.

## Israel

1948 Jews expelled from Arab countries. Most flee to Israel and are absorbed. 650,000 - 1948 Jews expelled from Arab countries. Most flee to Israel and are absorbed. 650,000 - 52 Arabs flee from Israel and are confined to refugee camps. Yasser Arafat of the Husseini clan begins organizing Palestinian radicals in Cairo and recruits 1951 Abu Iyad, Abu Jihad, and other future leaders of the PLO. Terrorist raids into Israel from adjoining Arab states, including Egyptian-sponsored fedayeen - 1952 56 raids from Gaza. Israeli army adopts policy of reprisals. Sinai Campaign, Oct 29 - Nov 5. Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes Suez Canal and blocks 1956 Israeli shipping. Israel captures Sinai from Egypt. Terrorist bases in Gaza dismantled. U.S.- Soviet pressure forces Israeli withdrawal from Sinai without peace treaty. Dwight Eisenhower guarantees protection of Israeli shipping. PLO is founded in Cairo with aim of 'liberating' Palestine. PLO Charter calling for Israel's 1964 destruction adopted. Campaign of terror attacks across Israel's borders escalates. Egypt floods Sinai with troops and blockades Israeli shipping in the Red Sea. American 1967 guarantee to protect Israel fails to take effect. Israel defeats combined forces of Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and Jordan. Six Day War, June 5-10. Day War, June 5-10. Captures Sinai and Gaza, Judea and Samaria, and the Golan Heights. Jerusalem is reunited. Jewish settlements in eastern Jerusalem, Judea, and Samaria are reestablished. Moshe Dayan gives administration of the Temple Mount to the Waqf, the High Muslim Council of Jordan. PLO hijacking of Israeli airliner to Algeria marks beginning of PLO campaign of international 1968 terror. Fatah Yasser Arafat, head of the guerilla wing, gains control of the PLO. 1969 War of Attrition. Egypt and Syria launch campaign of continuous attacks along Suez Canal and - 1969 70 Golan Heights. PLO steps up terror attacks across Jordan River. Heavy Israeli retaliation brings war to an end. Nasser dies and is succeeded by Anwar Sadat. PLO attempts to take over Jordan. King Hussein 1970 massacres Palestinian Arabs and expels Arafat and the PLO in 'Black September.' PLO relocates to Lebanon and establishes de facto state on its territory, which becomes base for - 1971 75 all international terror organizations. PLO campaign of massacres in northern Israel. Munich massacre of Israeli Olympic athletes earns PLO international notoriety. 1972 1973 Yom Kippur War, Oct 5-24. Egypt and Syria launch surprise attack against Israel. Despite 1973 heavy casualties, Israeli army reverses tide and advances toward Cairo and Damascus. Arabs

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