European Society for Surgery of the Shoulder and Elbow (ESSSE) as “the gold-standard” for the assessment of shoulder function regarding general shoulder disorders as well as in clinical research.1 The Constant score is used often to evaluate treatment progress and compare results disorders.1 of clinical trials for several specific shoulder The Constant score assesses subjective (score range:0-35) and objective (score range:0-65) shoulder function with respect to pain, strength.1 activities of daily living (ADL), range of motion (ROM) and Total scores (0-100) are the sums from the subjective and objective portions of the measure which is measured bilaterally. Grading of the Constant score is based on the difference between the affected and unaffected shoulder and rated as “Poor” (>30pts), “Fair” (21-30pts), “good” (11-20pts), and “excellent” (<11pts).3 Only the strength component of the Constant score has been methodologically standardized (Strength is measured at 90° lateral abduction by use of either an Isobex device or a points)4 defined spring balance technique: 1 point per 0.5 kg maximum 25 with variations in how institutions.2 pain, ADL, and ROM are implemented and/or interpreted between clinicians or Due to this lack of standardized protocol, interrater reliability of the Constant score is generally 0.60).1,2,4 (α=0.37- regarded as low to moderate However intrarater/test-retest reliability regarding Constant score total score as well as scores for each item/measure independently us 0.80-0.90).1,2,4 (α= shown to be high The Oxford self-assessment shoulder Score (OSS): • The OSS is a self-assessment of pain and function of the shoulder. Easy to complete the OSS takes about 2 min to complete and consists of 12 items: 4 items about pain and 8 items focused functioning.4 on daily Each item is scored into 5 Likert categories: 1=no pain/easy to do, 2=mild pain/little difficulty, 3=moderate pain/difficulty, 4=severe pain/extreme difficulty, and do.4 5=unbearable/impossible to Other revisions of the OSS use Likert categories 0-4 indicating respectively.4 worst-best, The (total) score is the sum of the (completed) 12 items (scoring 1–5): 12 = no disability and 60 = max disability. In the revision, it is 0 = max disability and 48 = no disability.4 Important to note is that missing items are scored as a “5” and thus can skew results. scored.4 As such one must complete >/= 10 items on the OSS for it to reliably The OSS is easy to effects.4 read and comprehend and demonstrates low floor and ceiling The OSS has been shown to be reliable with high internal reliability/consistency (α=0.94) and high test-retest reliability (r=0.98).4 Furthermore the OSS has moderate to good construct validity when compared to alternate measures of shoulder pain/functioning such as the Constant score (r(range)=0.65- 0.87).4 However it is not thought to be most reliable when used to assess outcomes post non- repair.2 stabilization treatment and/or surgical Objective testing: Load and Shift test & Apprehension/Relocation test Clinical diagnostic testing used in isolation are often poor predictors of pathology. This is especially true with shoulder special-tests and so it is suggested that using clusters of tests as well as clinical prediction rules (CPRs) when available to improve accuracy with diagnosing shoulder pathology. Additionally, regarding shoulder special testing, quality assessment of Diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) attempt to discern internal/external validity through the measures sensitivity, specificity and positive/negative likelihood ratio (+/- LR) with a score of >/= 10 indicating tests of high diagnostic/assessment quality. • Load and shift test: There are established psychometric properties reported regarding reliability, sensitivity, specificity, +LR, -LR or QUADAS quality rating • Apprehension/relocation test: Multiple studies have indicated psychometric properties of this test. There is no reported evidence regarding the tests reliability. However results are markedly variable, inconsistent with large ranges in the results obtained regarding QUADAS-score (9-12), sensitivity (0.04-0.85), specificity (0.27-1.00), +LR (0.05-3.38), and - LR (0.21-3.52). Clinical prediction rules regarding shoulder instability solely use apprehension and/or relocation. Results