(p<0.001), showing that compared to control, both OKC and CKC groups showed significant improvement regarding the mean absolute error scores between pre and post testing with 2 and 36 degrees of freedom associated within the x and y coordinates respectively. An alpha level of 0.001 represents the statistical significance. When utilizing coordinate tables of critical values of the F-ratio and degrees of freedom x,y (2,36), I found that the critical value of F=5.25, indicating chance.1 that the F-ratio obtained (29.29) is quite significant and not likely to have occurred by 100 • ANOVA revealed a main-effect regarding the specific testing joint angle with from end range 300 300 ER and IR showing significantly less error compared to ER (F =8.21; p<0.001). The 2,72 critical F-value via coordinate table was found to be 4.91 as indicated above, also indicating that chance.1 the main-effect of joint angle with F=8.21 is indeed significant and not due to • The use of Tukey post hoc analysis further decrease the error of measurement regarding F-ratios obtained as well as level of significance. • Regarding active versus passive motion, no main-effect was seen (F =0.34; p=.56). This is not 1,36 surprising due to the use of the isokinetic dynamometer and set speed and subject positioning during pre and post testing. • All point measures obtained during pre and post testing within OKC, CKC and control groups regarding mean absolute error scores are associated with measures of variability via standard deviation values. All values obtained at pre and post testing are well within +/- 2 standard deviations from the mean absolute error score obtained and thus ensure the reader of greater precision and accuracy of results with decreased amounts of variability and margin of error. • A power analysis was not conducted or mentioned within the study, however when plugging in the alpha level utilized for all statistical analysis (0.05), the subject sample size per group (N=13) and associated mean absolute error scores with standard deviations at each testing angle, you find that the sample size per group (N=13) as well as total sample size (N=39) provide the adequate power of 0.80 and hence increased likelihood that the effect positive effects of OKC and CKC with regard to improving joint reposition sense as well as perception of joint position in space at a particular time is true and reliable with decreased chance of an significant effect being error).2 found when in reality there was no effect or the effect was by chance (type II Clinical Relevance: Therapeutic exercise and interventions to improve proprioceptive capability and enhance neuromuscular control have been implicated as an important aspect of rehabilitation programs joint.3 aimed to provide optimal stability at the shoulder Further more it has been demonstrated that those with anterior shoulder instability and/or injury to capsular tissues, which provide mechanical stability to the joint preform more poorly regarding joint reposition sense and have decreased ability to detect when their joint is put in maladaptive positioning as well as provide the necessary functional instability.4 stability to counter this positions of increased This study indicates that even integrating a singular CKC or OKC exercise can have positive impact regarding increased proprioceptive functioning and joint position sense in contrast to a climber completing neither form of exercise in the treatment or prevention of shoulder instability or dysfunction. Furthermore, these gains were seen with CKC/OKC exercises that were not designed to challenge proprioception at the shoulder and thus, the positive effects that were seen possibly could be enhanced with implication of push-ups on an unstable surface such as foam-pad, bosu ball or preforming dumbbell bench-press on top of unstable surfaces such as Swiss-ball, assumption of decreased base of support or other means o challenging postural and proximal feed forward stability at the shoulder. Also, the results showed no difference in positive or negative treatment effect regarding use of CKC compared to OKC to improve joint position sense, indicating