Write%20an%20extensive%20essay%20about%20the%20given%20topic,%20providing%20in-depth%20analysis,%20supported%20arguments,%20and%20a%20well-structured%20narrative.%0A%0A%23%20Steps%0A%0A1.%20**Introduction**:%20%0A%20%20%20-%20Begin%20with%20a%20hook%20to%20engage%20the%20reader.%0A%20%20%20-%20Clearly%20state%20the%20thesis%20or%20main%20purpose%20of%20the%20essay.%0A%20%20%20-%20Provide%20a%20brief%20outline%20of%20the%20points%20that%20will%20be%20discussed.%0A%0A2.%20**Body%20Paragraphs**:%0A%20%20%20-%20Organize%20the%20essay%20into%20coherent%20paragraphs.%0A%20%20%20-%20Each%20paragraph%20should%20focus%20on%20a%20single%20point%20or%20argument%20supporting%20the%20thesis.%0A%20%20%20-%20Use%20evidence,%20examples,%20and%20citations%20to%20support%20each%20point.%0A%20%20%20-%20Ensure%20smooth%20transitions%20between%20paragraphs%20to%20maintain%20the%20flow%20of%20the%20essay.%0A%0A3.%20**Conclusion**:%0A%20%20%20-%20Summarize%20the%20main%20arguments%20made%20in%20the%20essay.%0A%20%20%20-%20Reiterate%20the%20thesis%20in%20the%20light%20of%20the%20discussion.%0A%20%20%20-%20Offer%20final%20thoughts%20or%20implications%20of%20the%20topic.%0A%0A%23%20Output%20Format%0A%0AThe%20essay%20should%20be%20structured%20in%20paragraph%20format,%20with%20a%20clear%20introduction,%20several%20body%20paragraphs,%20and%20a%20conclusion.%20Write%20heading%20sections%20if%20necessary.%20The%20expected%20length%20will%20vary%20based%20on%20the%20complexity%20of%20the%20topic%20but%20should%20be%20comprehensive%20and%20thorough.%20Use%20standard%20essay%20formatting%20with%20appropriate%20headers,%20if%20necessary.%20Output%20in%20markdown.%0A%0A%23%20Notes%0A%0A-%20Make%20sure%20to%20stay%20on%20topic%20and%20address%20the%20prompt%20thoroughly.%0A-%20Avoid%20repetition%20and%20ensure%20clarity%20in%20your%20arguments%20and%20narrative.%0A-%20Maintain%20an%20academic%20tone%20and%20adhere%20to%20proper%20grammar%20and%20style%20conventions.%0A-%20Your%20essay%20should%20be%20approximately%203000%20words%20long.%20Aim%20to%20be%20within%2010%25%20of%20this%20target.%0A%0A-%0A%0AWrite%20your%20response%20with%20the%20following%20requirements%20in%20mind:%20%0A%0AParaphrase%20every%20other%20verb,%20noun%20and%20adjective%20with%20a%20more%20conversational%20alternative.%20Longer,%20descriptive%20phrases%20are%20preferred%20over%20single%20adjectives.%20%0A%0AMimic%20this%20tone%20and%20writing%20style%20(but%20ignore%20the%20context):%20%22I%E2%80%99m%20going%20to%20call%20it%20(obnoxious%20as%20it%20is)%20%E2%80%93%20this%20fried%20chicken%20is%20better%20than%20KFC.%20There%E2%80%99s%20not%20a%20trace%20of%20soggy%20skin%20anywhere%20(all%20you%20closet%20KFC%20lovers%20know%20exactly%20what%20I%E2%80%99m%20talking%20about!)%20and%20the%20crust%20is%20thicker%20and%20craggier.%0A%0AEvery%20inch%20of%20this%20crust%20is%20insanely%20crunchy,%20and%20there%E2%80%99s%20loads%20of%20those%20nubbly%20bits%20that%20get%20extra%20crunchy.%20The%20seasoning%20is%20satisfyingly%20spot%20on%20%E2%80%93%20strong%20but%20not%20outrageously%20overpowering%20%E2%80%93%20the%20buttermilk%20marinated%20flesh%20is%20tender%20and%20juicy%20all%20the%20way%20through,%20and%20the%20deep%20golden%20colour%20is%20sheer%20perfection.%0A%0ASeriously,%20what%20kind%20of%20human%20being%20could%20resist%20a%20piping%20hot%20pile%20of%20freshly%20made%20fried%20chicken%3F%3F%20%7BVegetarians%20are%20excused%7D%22%0A%0ARemember%20to%20maintain%20a%20semi-casual%20tone%20just%20like%20the%20above.%20Pay%20attention%20to%20the%20use%20of%20punctuation,%20language%20etc...%0A%0A-%0A%0ATOPIC:%0A%09%09%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8%0A%0AJoin%0A%0AADVERTISEMENT%0A%0ANautilus%20Members%20enjoy%20an%20ad-free%20experience.%20Log%20in%20or%20Join%20now%20.%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09ENVIRONMENT%0AWhen%20Pollution%20Brings%20Snow%0A%0AMetals%20and%20minerals%20from%20industry%20can%20trigger%20snowfall%20over%20hundreds%20of%20miles.%0A%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09BY%20SYRIS%20VALENTINE%20November%2014,%202024%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09Share%E2%80%A8%0A%0ASign%20up%20for%20the%20free%20Nautilus%20newsletter:%0Ascience%20and%20culture%20for%20people%20who%20love%20beautiful%20writing.%0ANL%20%E2%80%93%20Article%20speedbump%0A%0A%0ASign%20up%20for%20free%0A%0AH%0Aumans%20can%E2%80%99t%20control%20the%20weather.%20But%20we%20certainly%20make%20a%20mess%20of%20it,%20often%20in%20ways%20we%E2%80%99re%20just%20beginning%20to%20understand.%0ANautilus%20Members%20enjoy%20an%20ad-free%20experience.%20Log%20in%20or%20Join%20now%20.%0AFour%20years%20ago,%20Velle%20Toll,%20a%20climate%20researcher%20at%20Estonia%E2%80%99s%20University%20of%20Tartu,%20was%20combing%20through%20archived%20satellite%20data%20from%20NASA%20when%20he%20noticed%20an%20odd,%20plume-shaped%20hole%20in%20an%20otherwise%20pristine%20deck%20of%20clouds.%20Toll%20assumed%20it%20was%20a%20rare%20occurrence%20that%20didn%E2%80%99t%20merit%20much%20more%20of%20an%20investigation%20until,%20the%20following%20year,%20one%20of%20his%20graduate%20students%20found%20even%20more%20of%20them.%0AThey%20began%20to%20study%20these%20rifts%20and%20noticed%20that%20what%20looked%20like%20plume%20shaped%20holes%20in%20the%20clouds%20were%20actually%20spots%20of%20thinning%20in%20the%20cloud%20layer%20that%20were%20directly%20in%20line%20with%20streams%20of%20dirty%20air%20spreading%20downwind%20of%20smelting%20facilities%20and%20coal%20plants.%20The%20dirty%20air,%20they%20found,%20was%20causing%20the%20clouds%20to%20spontaneously%20freeze,%20which%20led%20to%20thinning.%20These%20supercooled%20clouds%20could%20even%20trigger%20bursts%20of%20snowfall%20over%20hundreds%20of%20miles.%0AIn%20cold%20weather,%20clouds%20don%E2%80%99t%20always%20turn%20to%20ice%20when%20the%20thermometer%20says%20they%20should.%20When%20temperatures%20fall%20between%2032%20and%20-33%20degrees%20Fahrenheit,%20unless%20the%20airborne%20droplets%20of%20water%20have%20something%20to%C2%A0freeze%C2%A0around,%20they%E2%80%99ll%20persist%20as%20a%20supercooled%20liquid%20due%20to%20a%20weird%20quirk%20of%20physics.%20In%20the%20past,%C2%A0%20lab%20experiments%20have%20shown%20that%20the%20microscopic%20pollutants%20released%20by%20certain%20industrial%20facilities%20are%20prone%20to%20cause%20supercooled%20water%20to%20form%20ice%20particles.%20This%20phenomenon%20had,%20however,%20never%20been%20documented%20at%20work%20in%20the%20real%20world%20until%20now.%0AADVERTISEMENT%0A%0ANautilus%20Members%20enjoy%20an%20ad-free%20experience.%20Log%20in%20or%20Join%20now%20.%0AA%20telltale%20marker%20in%20the%20clouds%20pointed%20straight%20back%20toward%20the%20offending%20facilities.%0AGetting%20the%20results%20was%20no%20simple%20feat,%20however.%20It%20took%20months%20of%20exhaustive%20review,%20Toll%20said.%20%E2%80%9CWe%20have%20visually%20gone%20through%20hundreds%20and%20thousands%20of%20satellite%20images%20to%20identify%20these%20features.%E2%80%9D%20Toll%20and%20his%20team%20recently%20published%20their%20results%20in%20Science.%0AWhen%20they%E2%80%99d%20finished%20their%20hand%20tally,%20they%E2%80%99d%20spotted%2067%20different%20locations%20where%20this%20phenomenon%20occurred,%20mostly%20in%20Canada%20and%20Russia%20during%20the%20coldest%20months%20of%20the%20year,%20between%20late%20fall%20and%20early%20spring,%20when%20the%20conditions%20were%20favorable.%0AIn%20each%20case,%20as%20the%20ice%20particles%20grew%E2%80%94darkening%20and%20thinning%20the%20clouds%20as%20a%20result%E2%80%94they%20left%20behind%20a%20telltale%20triangular%20marker%20in%20the%20cloud%20deck%20that%20pointed%20straight%20back%20toward%20the%20offending%20facilities.%20Not%20all%20factories%20were%20equally%20culpable%20though.%20The%20worst%20culprits%20were%20metallurgical%20plants,%20coal%20stations,%20and%20oil%20refineries.%20Just%20five%20sites%20caused%20caused%20the%20clouds%20to%20freeze%20nearly%20300%20times%20from%202000%20to%202021.%20Roughly%20a%20third%20of%20all%20the%20flash-freezes%20triggered%20detectable%20snowfall%20downwind,%20with%20a%20half-inch%20of%20powder%20dusting%20the%20affected%20area%20in%20just%20a%20day.%0AADVERTISEMENT%0A%0ANautilus%20Members%20enjoy%20an%20ad-free%20experience.%20Log%20in%20or%20Join%20now%20.%0A%E2%80%9CThe%20data%20has%20been%20there%20already%20for%2020%20years%20and%20publicly%20available,%E2%80%9D%20Toll%20said.%20%E2%80%9CPeople%20just%20haven%E2%80%99t%20been%20looking%20for%20it.%E2%80%9D%0ASNOW%20FALL:%20A%20satellite%20image%20of%20a%20plume%20of%20snow%20downwind%20of%20a%20cement%20factory.%20Photo%20by%20NASA%20/%20Velle%20Toll.%0AToll%20and%20his%20team%20hope%20to%20scale%20up%20their%20dataset%20with%20further%20manual%20tallies%20until%20they%20have%20enough%20material%20that%20they%20can%20train%20a%20machine%20learning%20model%20to%20help%20automate%20and%20accelerate%20the%20process%20of%20identifying%20cases%20of%20smog-induced%20cloud-freezing%20and%20snow,%20so%20they%20can%20focus%20on%20better%20characterizing%20the%20processes%20at%20play.%20While%20the%20particles%20emitted%20by%20smelting%20plants%20and%20facilities%20cause%20wintery%20clouds%20to%20congeal,%20they%20also%20found%20rare%20instances%20of%20the%20same%20phenomena%20occurring%20downwind%20of%20nuclear%20power%20plants,%20which%20they%20can%E2%80%99t%20yet%20fully%20explain.%0ANuclear%20cooling%20towers%20don%E2%80%99t%20typically%20emit%20any%20kind%20of%20aerosol%E2%80%94the%20term%20used%20to%20describe%20microscopic%20particles%20of%20solids%20and%20liquids%20suspended%20in%20the%20atmosphere%E2%80%94yet%20it%20is%20the%20metallic%20and%20mineral%20aerosols%20from%20other%20facilities%20that%20seem%20to%20serve%20as%20triggers.%0AADVERTISEMENT%0A%0ANautilus%20Members%20enjoy%20an%20ad-free%20experience.%20Log%20in%20or%20Join%20now%20.%0AToll%20hopes%20the%20work%20he%20and%20his%20team%20are%20doing%20can%20shed%20light%20on%20some%20of%20the%20ways%20human%20industry%20reshapes%20the%20natural%20processes%20of%20our%20planet,%20and%20help%20to%20improve%20climate%20predictions.%20%0ALead%20image:%20vladimir%20salman%20/%20Shutterstock%0A%0A%0A%09%09Syris%20Valentine%20%E2%80%A8Posted%20on%20November%2014,%202024%20%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8Syris%20Valentine%20is%20an%20essayist%20and%20freelance%20journalist%20with%20a%20focus%20on%20climate%20and%20social%20justice.%20Outside%20of%20his%20newsletter%20%E2%80%9CJust%20Progress,%E2%80%9D%20his%20work%20has%20appeared%20in%20The%20Atlantic,%20Scientific%20American,%20Grist,%20and%20elsewhere.%20%0A%0AGet%20the%20Nautilus%20newsletter%0ANL%20%E2%80%93%20In%20Page%20Mobile%0AEmail:%20*%0A%0ASign%20up%20for%20free%0A%0A%0A%0AView%20/%20Add%20Comments%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09%E2%80%A8Digging%20Into%20the%20First%20Work%20of%20Modern%20Ecology%20%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09BY%20CHARLES%20DIGGES%20NOVEMBER%2013,%202024%20ZOOLOGY%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09What%20Carl%20Linneaus%20can%20teach%20us%20about%20animal%20appetites.%20%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8The%20Art%20of%20Time%20Travel%20%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09BY%20KATIE%20NEITH%20NOVEMBER%2012,%202024%20ARTS%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09%E2%80%9CIt%E2%80%99s%20not%20about%20what%E2%80%99s%20out%20there,%20it%E2%80%99s%20about%20your%20perception%20of%20what%E2%80%99s%20out%20there.%E2%80%9D%20%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8The%20Amazing,%20Ageless%20Axolotl!%20%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09BY%20MIKAEL%20ANGELO%20FRANCISCO%20NOVEMBER%2011,%202024%20ZOOLOGY%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09What%20we%20can%20learn%20about%20growing%20old%20from%20a%20tiny%20aquatic%20monster.%20%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8Don%E2%80%99t%20We%20Belong%20to%20Nature%3F%20%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09BY%20NICK%20HILDEN%20NOVEMBER%208,%202024%20ENVIRONMENT%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09Norwegian%20author%20Karl%20Ove%20Knausgaard%20on%20the%20inspiration%20for%20his%20latest%20novel%20and%20his%20turn%20to%20sci-fi.%20%E2%80%A8%E2%80%A8Sky%20Gazing%20on%20Mars%20%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09BY%20JOHN%20MOORES%20%26%20JESSE%20ROGERSON%20NOVEMBER%207,%202024%20ASTRONOMY%0A%09%E2%80%A2%09You%20sit%20down%20on%20a%20sandy%20dune%20and%20tilt%20your%20head%20back.%20%0A%0ANAUTILUS:%20SCIENCE%20CONNECTED%0ANautilus%20is%20a%20different%20kind%20of%20science%20magazine.%20Our%20stories%20take%20you%20into%20the%20depths%20of%20science%20and%20spotlight%20its%20ripples%20in%20our%20lives%20and%20cultures.%0AGet%20the%20Nautilus%20newsletter%0ANL%20%E2%80%93%20Footer%0AEmail:%20*%0AName%0AFirst%0AFirst%0ALast%0ALast%0A%0ASign%20up%20for%20free%0AIf%20you%20are%20human,%20leave%20this%20field%20blank.%0AQuick%20links%0A%09%09Home%0A%09%09About%20Us%0A%09%09Contact%0A%09%09FAQ%0A%09%09Prime%0A%09%09Ebook%0A%09%09Shop%0A%09%09Donate%0A%09%09Awards%20and%20Press%0A%09%09Privacy%20Policy%0A%09%09Terms%20of%20Service%0A%09%09RSS%0A%09%09Jobs%0A%09%09Newsletter%0A%09%09Ethics%20Policy%0ASocial%0A%09%09%0A%09%09%0A%09%09%0A%0A%C2%A9%202024%20NautilusNext%20Inc.,%20All%20rights%20reserved.%0A%0A%0AEnjoy%20unlimited%20Nautilus%20articles,%20ad-free,%20for%20less%20than%20$5/month.%0AJoin%20now%0AAlready%20a%20member%3F%C2%A0%0A%C2%A0Log%20in%0AJoin%20to%20continue%20reading.%0AYou%E2%80%99ve%20read%20your%202%20free%20articles%20this%20month.%20Access%20unlimited%20ad-free%20stories,%20including%20this%20one,%20by%20becoming%20a%20Nautilus%20member.%0AJoin%20now%0A%0AAlready%20a%20member%3F%C2%A0%0A%C2%A0Log%20in%0AThis%20is%20your%20last%20free%20article.%0ADon%E2%80%99t%20limit%20your%20curiosity.%20Access%20unlimited%20ad-free%20stories%20like%20this%20one,%20and%20support%20independent%20journalism,%20by%20becoming%20a%20Nautilus%20member.%0AJoin%20now%0A