translate into arabic but be accurate and don't skip any word. " In 1930, in the first stage of the long depression,
Prime Minister Mackenzie King believed that the
crisis was a temporary swing of the business
cycle and that the economy would soon recover
without government intervention. He refused to
provide unemployment relief or federal aid to the
provinces, saying that if Conservative provincial
governments demanded federal dollars, he
would not give them "a five cent piece."[l 73] His
blunt wisecrack was used to defeat the Liberals
in the 1930 election. The main issue was the
rapid deterioration in the economy and whether
the prime minister was out of touch with the
hardships of ordinary peoplell 7411175] The
winner of the 1930 election was Richard
Bedford Bennett and the Conservatives. Bennett
had promised high tariffs and large-scale
spending, but as deficits increased, he became
wary and cut back severely on Federal spending.
With falling support and the depression getting
only worse, Bennett attempted to introduce
policies based on the New Deal of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) in the United States,
but he got little passed. Bennett's government
became a focus of popular discontent. For
example, auto owners saved on gasoline by
using horses to pull their cars, dubbing them
Bennett Buggies. The Conservative failure to
restore prosperity led to the return of Mackenzie
King's Liberals in the 1935 election.[176]

In 1935, the Liberals used the slogan "King or
Chaos" to win a landslide in the 1935 election.
[177] Promising a much-desired trade treaty
with the U.S., the Mackenzie King government
passed the 1935 Reciprocal Trade Agreement. It
marked the turning point in Canadian-American
economic relations, reversing the disastrous
trade war of 1930-31, lowering tariffs, and
yielding a dramatic increase in tradejl 781
The worst of the Depression had passed by
1935, as Ottawa launched relief programs such
as the National Housing Act and National
Employment Commission. The Canadian
Broadcasting Corporation became a crown
corporation in 1936. Trans-Canada Airlines (the
precursor to Air Canada) was formed in 1937, as
was the National Film Board of Canada in 1939.
In 1938, Parliament transformed the Bank of
Canada from a private entity to a crown
corporationdl 79]
One political response was a highly restrictive
immigration policy and a rise in nativism.[180]
Times were especially hard in western Canada,
where a full recovery did not occur until the
Second World War began in 1939. One response
was the creation of new political parties such as
the Social Credit movement and the Cooperative
Commonwealth Federation, as well as popular
protest in the form of the On-to-Ottawa Trek.
[181]

Second World War
Canada's involvement in the Second World War
began when Canada declared war on Nazi
Germany on September 10119391delaying it one
week after Britain acted to symbolically
demonstrate independence. The war restored
Canada's economic health and its self-
confidence, as it played a major role in the
Atlantic and in Europe. During the war, Canada
became more closely linked to the U.S. The
Americans took virtual control of Yukon in order
to build the Alaska Highway, and were a major
presence in the British colony of Newfoundland
with major airbases,[182]"