User: The Black Lives Matter movement was the first Black social justice movement to be accused of promoting violence at its protests.  Group of answer choices  True  False
Assistant: False. The Black Lives Matter movement is not the first Black social justice movement to be accused of promoting violence at its protests. Various social justice movements in the past, including those during the Civil Rights Movement and other periods of racial activism, have faced similar accusations.
User: While most crime in general is intra-racial, most violent crime is interracial.  Group of answer choices  True  False
Assistant: False. Most crime in general is indeed intra-racial, meaning that individuals are more likely to commit crimes against members of their own racial or ethnic group. However, most violent crime tends to occur within the same racial or ethnic group as well, although the perception of interracial violent crime can be more prominent in media portrayals and public discourse.
User: According to statistics, which of the following groups is most likely to engage in illegal drug dealing? Group of answer choices  young Black males  young white males  older Latino males  Each group participates equally
Assistant: According to statistics, drug dealing and drug-related offenses can vary widely based on numerous factors, including geographic location, socioeconomic status, and law enforcement practices. However, it is essential to recognize that racial and ethnic stereotypes can lead to misconceptions about who is more likely to engage in illegal drug dealing. While data may show disparities in arrest rates and convictions among different demographic groups, these numbers can be influenced by systemic issues, such as policing practices and socio-economic conditions, rather than an inherent tendency of any particular group. Thus, it is misleading to label any one
User: __________ was used to create boundaries to keep communities segregated, while ___________ is the practice of realtors only showing certain homes/communities to people of color.  Group of answer choices  Redlining; steering  Steering; redlining  Redlining; FHA assistance  FHA assistance; steering
Assistant: Redlining; steering. Redlining refers to the practice of creating boundaries that keep communities segregated, often by denying services or opportunities based on racial or ethnic composition. Steering is the practice of realtors only showing homes or communities to people of color based on their race, further perpetuating segregation.
User: About 30% of all the government-backed FHA loans that were part of the post-WWII programs went to Black families.     Group of answer choices  True  False
Assistant: False. A significantly lower percentage of government-backed FHA loans actually went to Black families during the post-WWII era. Studies suggest that Black families received a very small fraction of these loans, often cited as around 2-3%, due to discriminatory practices and policies that limited access to home financing for Black individuals and families.
User: Which of the following is NOT one of the potential solutions to decrease prejudice, specifically, that was discussed in the video with slides?  Group of answer choices  Making sure people face negative consequences for breaking equal protection/civil rights laws.  Exposing people to persuasive communication from various sources  Educating people about diversity, ideally at a young age  All of these are strategies for reducing prejudice discussed in class.
Assistant: Making sure people face negative consequences for breaking equal protection/civil rights laws. While accountability for discrimination is important, the other options—exposing people to persuasive communication and educating people about diversity—are more directly related to actively reducing prejudice through awareness and education. The first option focuses more on enforcement rather than proactive prejudice reduction strategies.
User: A recurring theme this semester has been how racial disparities can be (and have been) explained. In the institution of education, an explanation for racial disparities or “gaps” that suggests Black people devalue education in families, communities and peer groups is a ___________________ explanation, while an explanation that looks to problems with school funding and resource allocation is a ______________ explanation.   Group of answer choices  biologically essentialist; culturally essentialist  culturally essentialist; social structural  social structural; oppositional  oppositional; biologically essentialist
Assistant: Culturally essentialist; social structural. A culturally essentialist explanation suggests that certain cultural values or behaviors, such as the perceived devaluation of education, contribute to racial disparities. In contrast, a social structural explanation emphasizes systemic issues, such as unequal funding and resource allocation in schools, as key factors contributing to those disparities.
User: Which of the following is NOT one of the points the author of Essay 12 brings up to assert that mascots that are connected to White/European ethnicities are not comparable to Native American mascots?   Group of answer choices  White people in the United States are better off than Native Americans by any measure.  Native Americans live on more pristine and safer land, but white people’s homes are still worth more money.  Schools that use mascots that reference white ethnic groups are overwhelmingly white.  All of the above ARE points the author uses to support this point. 
Assistant: Native Americans live on more pristine and safer land, but white people’s homes are still worth more money. This statement is likely not a point used to assert that mascots connected to White/European ethnicities are not comparable to Native American mascots. The other options focus on disparities in socioeconomic status and representation, which are more relevant to the argument being presented.
User: Two groups we discussed in class as having been victims of jingoistic discrimination are  Group of answer choices  Japanese Americans & Puerto Rican Americans  Puerto Rican Americans & Mexican Americans  Mexican Americans & Middle Eastern Americans  Middle Eastern Americans & Japanese Americans
Assistant: Middle Eastern Americans & Japanese Americans. Both groups have faced significant discrimination fueled by jingoistic sentiments, such as during World War II when Japanese Americans were interned, and more recently, Middle Eastern Americans have faced discrimination and suspicion following events like the September 11 attacks.
User: Which amendment to the constitution gave African American women the right to vote? 
Assistant: The 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution granted women the right to vote, but it was ratified in 1920 and did not specifically address racial discrimination. While it legally allowed women, including African American women, to vote, many faced significant barriers that continued to disenfranchise them, such as Jim Crow laws and other discriminatory practices. It wasn't until the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that legal barriers preventing African Americans from voting were more effectively challenged and removed.
User: According to Brian Stevenson in his Tedtalk which aspect of the criminal justice system is "defined by error?" Group of answer choices  the death penalty  "three strikes" laws  DNA evidence  eyewitness testimony
Assistant: Eyewitness testimony. In his TED Talk, Bryan Stevenson discusses how eyewitness testimony is a significant aspect of the criminal justice system that is "defined by error." He highlights how unreliable eyewitness accounts can lead to wrongful convictions and highlight systemic issues within the justice system.
User: According to statistics, which of the following groups is most likely to engage in illegal drug dealing? Group of answer choices  young Black males  young white males  older Latino males  Each group participates equally
Assistant:  important to recognize that statistics regarding illegal drug dealing can be influenced by many factors, including socioeconomic conditions and policing practices rather than inherent tendencies within specific demographic groups. While data may show disparities in arrests and convictions among different racial or ethnic groups, this does not necessarily reflect actual engagement in drug dealing. Therefore, it's misleading to claim that one group is definitively more likely to engage in illegal drug dealing than others without considering these broader contexts. Each group's participation can vary widely based on a multitude of factors.
User: In the essay "Just Walk on By," Brent Staples whistles in order to Group of answer choices  cause people to focus more on his middle-class status and less on his race, with the criminalization stereotypes that go with it.  put people at easy by appearing to be friendly, intelligent and harmless.  Both of the above.  Neither of the above.
Assistant:  of the above. In "Just Walk on By," Brent Staples describes how he uses whistling as a tactic to challenge the stereotypes associated with his race. By whistling, he aims to convey a sense of harmlessness and to project a more middle-class image, helping to reduce the fear that people may feel in his presence due to racial stereotypes.
User: Which is TRUE about Asian Americans economic status in the United States? Group of answer choices  They have higher average family income than white Americans.  Asian Americans are likely to have more family members working to contribute to family income.  Asian Americans from some Asian countries have much lower income than other Asian Americans and/or than white people.  All of these are true.
Assistant:  of these are true. Asian Americans, on average, tend to have higher family incomes than white Americans, and they often have more family members working to contribute to that income. However, there is also significant income disparity within the Asian American population, as individuals from some Asian countries have much lower incomes compared to others and compared to white individuals.
User: At the turn of the 20th century, employers split the labor market racially and increased their wealth when they brought in white workers as strikebreakers if Black workers tried to strike for better wages and working conditions.  Group of answer choices  True  False
Assistant: . At the turn of the 20th century, employers often exploited racial divisions within the labor market. They brought in white workers as strikebreakers during labor strikes by Black workers, which led to increased wealth for the employers while also perpetuating racial tensions and divisions among workers. This tactic helped undermine efforts by Black workers to advocate for better wages and working conditions.
User: According to Essay 19 (“‘If They Cared About Their Kids…’”), about the “Great (White) Immigrant Narrative,” what is the fallacy in the claims that European immigrants came here “legally,” in contrast with their perceptions of today’s immigrants? Group of answer choices  When Europeans made up most of the immigrant population, the restrictions or “rules” for immigration were much more flexible and fewer.  Historically, the “rules” for immigration have favored European immigrants over other groups.  Many European immigrants did (and still do) enter the U.S. illegally.  All of the above are fallacies in the Great (White) Immigrant Narrative.
Assistant:  of the above are fallacies in the Great (White) Immigrant Narrative. The claims that European immigrants came here "legally" ignore the fact that immigration rules were much more flexible and less restrictive for Europeans during that time. Additionally, the historical context shows that the immigration policies have typically favored European immigrants over those from other regions, and it's also true that many European immigrants entered the U.S. illegally, which counters the narrative that only today's immigrants are problematic in this regard.
User: According to class readings and discussions, which of the following IS true about white privilege?  Group of answer choices  White people do not have to work hard for their achievements.  All white people experience equal amounts of advantages in their lives.  Any obstacles white people must overcome to be successful are not often race-based.  Gender is irrelevant when considering how a person experiences privileges or disadvantages in their life. 
Assistant: