Cultural consequences of globalization. Essay based on:
Abstract
Globalization is the most important factor in driving indicators of the rate of change of 
a country. If a country has good indicators of globalization, this is a positive point for that 
country. However, the rate of globalization is not accompanied by appropriate norms in 
society, causing an imbalance in the nation and state, which clearly influences norms in life. 
This research was written to learn how globalization affects culture, information technology, 
and education. The research method used is a qualitative method with interview techniques 
to 20 student of UNISRI`s Civic Education Program, who aged 18-20 years. The results 
showed that on average, a total of 80% of students saw and felt the effects of globalization. 
Then it must be provided with supervision by parents and increase information about the 
impact of globalization on culture, information technology, and education which is also very 
influential on learning so that it can provide great motivation for people to read and learn 
information from various sources and can protect themselves from carried by the very strong 
currents of globalization.
Keywords: Globalization, Culture, Information Technology, and Education.
1. Introduction
The progress of civilization is not a new phenomenon because things that 
generally run in the process of globalization actually exist side by side. Through 
various activities since centuries. At the end of this development, humans increased 
the quality of life in the 19th and early 20th centuries, constructed a globalization 
system that was increasingly developing and assessed life and eventually formed 
various countries when a civilization was discovered. In the era of the 21st century, 
information technology, and now the development of transportation. The leap of 
technology that human civilization has reached increasingly sophisticated in the 
middle of the century is a condition characterized by the 20th century, namely the 
internet and nowadays the existence of increasingly intensive interaki has 
mushroomed, mobile phones (telephones) between humans in general with all its 
facilities.
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2. Literature Review
2.1. Definition of Globalization
The word globalization comes from the word "global" in the Indonesian General 
Dictionary which means "as a whole". As stated by Wuryan and Syaifullah (2009, p.
141) that:
“Etymologically, globalization comes from the word "globe" which means globe, 
while the suffix sasi means a "process" or a state that is currently running or 
happening. So etymologically, globalization implies a global process that is 
currently taking place involving various fields and aspects of the lives of people, 
nations and countries in the world”.
The term globalization is often given a different meaning from one another, so 
that it needs confirmation first. Ahmed and Doman (Azizy, 2004: 19) define that 
'Globalization in principle refers to rapid developments in communication technology, 
transportation, which can bring distant parts of the world (into things) that can be 
reached by easy'. The term that is currently known is electronic proximity, which 
means electronic proximity, where distance is no longer a significant obstacle to 
establishing communication between residents in this part of the world. This has 
implications for the openness between countries to access various information that is 
channeled continuously through information and communication technology 
(information technology), such as the internet, television or other electronic media. As 
stated by Martono (2012, p. 97) that "society in the world, from a cultural aspect, shows 
progress in uniformity. The mass media, especially television, has turned the world 
into a global village. Information and pictures of events taking place far away can be 
watched by millions of people at the same time ”.
As stated by Martono (2011, p. 96) that Globalization can be defined as the 
spread of global customs, the expansion of relations across continents, the 
organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global 
consciousness. Meanwhile, according to Azazy (2004, p. 20) argues that In this era of 
globalization, there is a meeting and friction of cultural and religious values around the 
world that take advantage of communication, transportation, and information services 
resulting from the modernization of technology. This encounter and friction will 
produce wild competition which means being influenced (annexed) and influencing 
(annexing); conflicting and colliding different values which will result in either losing or 
winning; or mutual cooperation (eclectic).
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From the above understanding, it can be concluded that globalization is a process of 
spreading worldwide habits, which in principle refers to the rapid development in 
communication and information technology that can connect distant places to be close 
and can have an effect on value friction or cultural exchange, whether intentional or 
not, which can influence human attitudes and behavior in a nation.
2.2 Globalization Theory
The following are various kinds of theories according to globalization theories, 
including:
1. Tiryakian (Ritzer and Goodman, 2010: 587) argues that
"the theory of globalization arises as a result of a series of internal developments 
in social theory, particularly a reaction to previous perspectives such as 
modernization theory".
2. Ritzer and Goodman (2010: 588) argue that
“Cultural globalization can be seen as a transnational expansion of shared codes 
and practices (homogeneity), or as a process in which many local and global 
cultural inputs interact to create a kind of integration leading to culture grafting 
(heterogeneity). Trends towards homogeneity are often associated with cultural 
imperialism. or in other words, increasing international influence on a particular 
culture.”
3. Robertson (Martono, 2012: 96) states that
"Globalization is defined as a process that produces a single world, people around 
the world become interdependent in all aspects of life, politics, economics and 
culture".
4. Kellner (Ritzer and Goodman, 2010: 590) argues that
“Globalization shows the capitalist market and a set of social relations and the 
flow of commodities, capital, technology, ideas, cultural forms, and people that 
cross national boundaries via a network of global societies. The transmutation of 
technology and capital work together to create a new, globalized and 
interconnected world. The technological revolution that produces computer 
communication networks, transportation, and exchange is a presupposition of the 
global economy, together with the expansion of the world capitalist market system 
which is drawing more areas of the world and the space of production, trade and 
communication into its orbit”.
5. Ritzer (Martono 2012: 97) argues that
"Globalization has become a major concern for business people, especially with 
the emergence of global markets and the various technologies that accompany 
them".
6. Scott (Martono, 2012: 97) argues that:
“Human power increases with increasingly complex relationships with material 
objects that are rarely inculcated in a single society. There is a miniaturization of 
technology connected to humans (laptops, iPods, cellphones); biological 
transformation to codes of genetic information, increasing the scale and reach of
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waste products and some viruses, changing road, rail and airplane technology 
that facilitate rapid mobility; and the flow of information and the flow of information 
and communication that suppress the differences in space and time”.
7. Meyer (Ritzer and Goodman, 2010: 589) argues that
"The spread of the nation-stage model around the world, and the emergence of 
isomorphic forms of governance around the world, or in other words, the growth 
of models in governance around the world that are more or less similar".
8. Giddens (Ritzer and Goodman, 2010: 589) argues that
"We will never be able to be the rulers of our own history, but we can and must find 
ways to make this uncontrolled world become controlled".
Based on the above theory, it can be disciplined that globalization can lead to 
value friction or cultural exchange between countries through increasingly 
sophisticated technology, information and telecommunications. There may even be 
the growth of similar models of governance around the world. But all of that can be 
overcome by creating a world that is
under control.
4. Research Methods
This article uses descriptive analytical methods, data collection, and data 
analysis. Data collection was carried out online by creating a google form link which 
was sent to respondents, totaling 20 students of Pancasila and Citizenship Education 
Semester I and III, consisting of 10 male students and 10 female students aged 18-20 
years, all of whom are domiciled in the city of Surakarta in November 2020. A total of 
5 questions were given to respondents in the form of:
a. Do you know what globalization is?
b. Do you think globalization is important?
c. Do you feel the changes with globalization?
d. If so, what change do you think you felt the most about?
e. In your opinion, what areas are most affected by globalization?
5. Result and Discussion
From the results of data collection, 18 respondents know about globalization,
15 respondents choose that globalization is important, 20 respondents feel the 
changes due to globalization, 11 respondents feel the most positive changes, and 16
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respondents choose the social sector as the area most affected by globalization. 
Globalization of information can be defined as global information which contains 
general or universal notification content which is conveyed through a general mass 
communication process. Thus globalization of information and communication is the 
process of presenting information to society as a whole without paying attention to the 
heterogeneity of the recipients of the information in the process of communicating. 
Variable Information globalization is then observed and measured through several 
indicators as follows: Type of information technology, type of technology used by users 
in accessing information; Information media, in the form of electronic or printed media 
used in accessing information; Information content, information enjoyed by users of 
information media; The communication process, the method used by users of 
information media in order to exchange information. Socio-cultural life is everything 
that is created by humans with their thoughts and conscience for and in social life. Or 
in short, humans make something based on their minds and thoughts which are 
designated in social life.
An era like this is often called the "era of globalization". Globalization itself is a 
term that emerged about twenty years ago, and started to become so popular as a 
new ideology in the last five or ten years. As a term, globalization is so easily accepted 
or known to people around the world. The discourse of globalization as a process is 
marked by the rapid development of science and technology so as to fundamentally 
change the world. Globalization is a special phenomenon in human civilization that
continues in global society and is part of the global human process. The presence of 
information technology and communication technology has accelerated the 
acceleration of this globalization process.
Globalization touches all the important aspects of life. Advances in science and 
technology in the field of communication have streamlined the flow of information to 
all directions without recognizing the boundaries of the geographic, political or cultural 
environment, including Indonesia. The development of technology in the field of 
communication does not only make it easier for people to connect remotely and spread 
information quickly and easily, but also stimulates various changes in people's lives. 
Today there is no one who is not touched by the mass communication network, except 
for those who are still living with a culture that has not been able to support it. The 
development of science and technology in the field of communication can be said to
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have spurred Indonesian society. At this time, the Indonesian people are on their way 
to leave the traditional agricultural community culture towards Industry and trade 
culture, which in time they must try to answer the challenges faced to them, which is 
something that will sooner or later but will change according to the quality of the 
challenges called transformation.
Transformation is a process of total transfer from an old form or order to a new 
form or order that will be established. Transformation will change the form or order of 
traditional agrarian values into a modern - industrial value order or form. This will have 
a major impact on the traditional value system and the socio-cultural conditions of the 
supporting communities, and even change the nature of morality and personality, 
especially for the younger generation. Based on the research results, it shows that 
first, students or the younger generation are the users and connoisseurs of information 
media at the most. Second, the number of crimes, crimes, alcohol and promiscuity that 
occur among the younger generation today is also because they imitate the foreign 
culture they see in various information media. Third, the flow of globalization is so fast 
penetrating and affecting young people. The influence of globalization has made many 
young people lose their personalities. This is indicated by the symptoms that appear 
in the daily lives of young people today.
From the way they dress, many teenagers dress up like celebrities who tend to 
Western culture. They wear clothing that is minimal in material that shows body parts 
that should not be visible. Even though the way of dressing is clearly not in accordance 
with the existing culture. Not to forget their hairstyles were painted in various colors. 
Fourth, internet technology is a technology that provides unlimited information and can 
be accessed by anyone. What's more for young people the internet has become their 
daily meal. If used properly, it will certainly get useful benefits. But if not, it will incur 
losses. And nowadays, many students are using it improperly. For example, to open 
porn sites. Fifth, in terms of attitudes, many young people whose behavior are not 
polite and tend to be ignorant and do not care about the environment. Because 
globalization embraces freedom and openness that they do what they want. If the 
above influences are allowed, the morale of the younger generation will be damaged. 
Encouraged by this, it is deemed necessary to conduct research on the influence of 
globalization of information on the socio-cultural life of the younger generation.
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5.1Globalization and Local Culture
The modern era began when entering the millennium era which was marked by 
the emergence of innovations in the telecommunications sector which had an impact 
on the fast pace of the times. Developments in the field of telecommunications and 
technology are ranked first in order to bring about changes in the social conditions of 
people in the world. With the development of telocommunication technology, it can be 
interpreted as the increasing loss of the distance that separates one individual from 
another, so that technology transfer and knowledge transfer will occur more quickly. 
The phenomenon of online shopping places (ollshop) or online motorcycle taxis has 
changed our paradigm towards the traditional market or ojek where the difference 
between the two is very clear.
The development of smartphones with a myriad of features and applications 
has changed the system of purchasing or transacting manually to fully electronic with 
the lure of convenience and speed, so many people have started to switch from a 
traditional buying and selling system to an online system. Modernization appears 
marked by the spread of the globalization system in which countries or individuals 
begin to cooperate with each other and the elimination of barriers or boundaries 
between countries. Most of the Indonesian people welcomed the development of 
technology in this era of globalization, although not a few had difficulty with the 
development of sophisticated technology today. The good response to the 
development of this globalization era is evidenced by the behavior of people who really 
like to use high-tech equipment.
(Harara 2016) In addition to the positive impacts that have occurred on the 
development of communication technology, in fact globalization also has a negative 
impact, namely the occurrence of social changes in society due to the influx of foreign 
countries and eliminating the original culture of a country. Every human society during 
its life is bound to undergo changes, whether fast changes or slow changes, limited 
changes or broad changes. Changes in society can be about social values, social 
norms, organizational behavior patterns, the composition of social institutions, power 
and authority, social interaction and so on. This change occurs as a result because 
society experiences a deep change process in the community. (Soekanto 2001, 259)
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One of the factors that underlie social change is new discoveries that can be 
differentiated in terms of discovery and invention. Discovery is the discovery of new 
cultural elements, either in the form of tools, or in the form of ideas created by an 
individual. Discovery will only become invention if the public has acknowledged, 
accepted and applied this new discovery. Like social media applications that have 
been applied and applied by the community. this is the relationship between 
modernization and globalization in the process of social change in society. (Harara 
2016) If we look at the cases that have occurred in Indonesia, many of our young 
people always imitate foreign cultures such as the “harajuku” culture, namely the 
Japanese-looking culture or the drinking-drinking culture which is western culture or 
culture. Therefore, in accordance with the above background, it is very interesting if 
we discuss the effect of modernization on the moral degradation of the nation's 
generation and examine how a new generation is formed.
Local culture that lives in the community is usually born from the spiritual 
encouragement of the community and local rites that are spiritually and materially very 
important for the social life of a village community environment. Local culture has a 
very close relationship with the community in an environment with all natural conditions 
in that environment. He is shown in various traditional ceremonies of a village, cleaning 
the village, for example, to honor the spirits of the ancestors as guardians of the village. 
The purpose of the ceremony is for the village to be blessed with welfare by the 
watchman. Regardless of this belief, ceremonies carried out by cleaning the village 
produce good environmental impacts. If the village is clean from any waste, the flow 
which functions to flow the rice fields will run smoothly. The village environment will be 
clean and healthy so that the harvest will be good.
The local culture displayed in these traditional ceremonies has a very important 
function. To encourage solidarity to the community in order to unite their intentions, 
wishes and feelings in carrying out the ceremony. Local culture as well as other art 
has historically always had a contextual atmosphere, where art cannot be seen without 
a certain function for some people of each culture. It seems that the traditional 
ceremonies and local cultures which are integrated into the environmental culture are 
not only an expression of spirituality but also contain a culture in order to direct the 
community to care, care for and preserve the natural environment. In fact, it is very 
likely that the spiritual foundation instilled by the ancestors was intended as an effort
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to preserve the natural environment that would maintain stability, health, the 
environment, and encourage human behavior in responding to life and the 
environment. This cultural attitude becomes intact when efforts to improve the quality 
of life in economic and technological systems do not disturb the harmony between 
human life and the life of the universe.
5.2Globalization and Information Technology
The use of technology is no longer a strange thing in the era of globalization. 
Including in the world of education, as the birthplace of technology, it is only natural 
that education also uses technology to facilitate the implementation of learning. From 
here, came the term educational technology. Educational technology is a systemic 
method for planning, using, and assessing all teaching and learning activities by 
paying attention to both technical and human resources and the interaction between 
the two, so as to obtain a more effective form of education (Big Indonesian Dictionary). 
Meanwhile, according to Yusuf (2012) educational technology is a systemic process 
in helping solve learning problems. This opinion is in line with Muffoletto's opinion (in 
Selwyn, 2011) which states that educational technology is not about devices, 
machines, computers or other artifacts, but rather is about systems and processes that 
lead to the desired results. From some of the opinions above, it can be said that 
educational technology is a system that is used to support learning so that the desired 
results are achieved.
1) Technology Implementation in Education in the Globalization Era
Based on the definition of educational technology above, it can be said that 
technology is used to support the success of learning. Here are some examples of 
technology implementation in education. a. Learning Media The word media is the 
plural form of the word medium. Medium can be defined as an intermediary or 
introduction to communication from sender to receiver (Heinich et.al, 2002). 
Meanwhile, learning media is something that can be used to transmit messages 
(learning materials), so that it can stimulate students' attention, interests, thoughts, 
and feelings in learning activities to achieve learning goals (Santyasa, 2007).
The use of technology as a medium of learning is familiar, ranging from very 
simple technology to sophisticated technology. Technology can be used to attract 
students' interest in learning so that learning becomes more effective and efficient.
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The development of science has brought technology into the digital world. According 
to Selwyn (2011), the use of digital technology has a role in supporting and improving 
learners' cognitive processes and thinking skills. One example of digital technology is 
the internet. The internet can allow teachers to present lessons to be more attractive 
to students. Currently internet-based learning, such as web-learning, e-learning or 
online learning (distance learning) has been widely practiced. These lessons use the 
internet as a medium. In addition to learning being more flexible in terms of time, place 
and age, students can also freely access the information needed in learning. Because 
learning becomes more individual, it can improve the cognitive processes of students 
and their thinking skills.
Other examples of the use of technology as learning media are radio, television, 
video which can be used to facilitate the different learning styles of students and also 
attract students to be more motivated in learning. The use of interactive presentation 
devices such as electronic whiteboards can make learning materials more attractive 
to students. b. Administrative tools Technology can also be used as an administrative 
tool. As said by Selwyn (2011), one of the benefits of digital technology is as an 
improvement in the organizational effectiveness of educational institutions. By using 
computers, as a product of digital technology, educational institutions can more easily 
manage administrative data, including student data, teacher data, and school data 
itself. c. Learning Resources Selwyn (2011) said digital technology can help teachers 
to produce learning materials and allow them to spend time with students. With the 
availability of computers, teachers can compile learning plans and materials needed 
by students to learn. In addition, the availability of the internet also allows students to 
access information easily from different sources.
Currently, by using digital technology, many students find it easy to learn. the 
availability of e-books is one of these conveniences. Students do not need to buy 
books in stores to get learning resources. Students only need to download e-books 
that are widely available on the internet.
2) Issues in Educational Technology
Technology in its development, of course, brings changes in everyday life, 
including changes in education. There are several debates related to the use of 
technology in education. First, technology can enhance learning. One of the uses of
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technology in learning is as a learning medium, such as interactive multimedia. 
According to Heinich et al (2002) interactive multimedia is a medium consisting of 
images, sounds, and video materials that are presented under computer control for 
students, so that students not only see pictures and hear sounds but also make active 
responses. This response affects the speed and order of presentation of learning 
material. Several studies such as that conducted by Rahayuningrum (tt) and Izzudin 
(2013) state that the use of interactive multimedia can improve learning which is 
marked by increasing student learning outcomes.
However, on the other hand, if the use of technology is not in accordance with 
what is needed in learning, or there is no teacher control over the use of technology 
during learning, the technology can backfire. A number of separate quasi-experimental 
studies in Israeli, German, Dutch and Columbia high schools all reported no or even 
negative influence between levels of computer use and eventual learning outcomes 
(Angrist and Lavy, 2002, Lauven et al. 2003, Fuchs and Woessmann, 2004, BarreraOsorio and Linden, 2009 in Selwyn, 2011). The second issue is technology can make 
education better. As stated earlier, if technology can improve learning, technology will 
also make education better. However, technology such as computers can also make 
social inequalities more visible. For students who already understand and are 
accustomed to operating computers, they can easily use them to support learning so
as to get maximum learning outcomes.
Meanwhile, for students who are not familiar with computers and cannot 
operate them, their learning will focus on how to operate computers, not on the 
material they should be learning. This can reduce learning outcomes. The third issue 
is technology can replace teachers. With digital technology, learning can be done 
anywhere, anytime and at any age. The Internet provides a lot of information from 
various sources that can be easily accessed by students to expand their knowledge 
of a learning material. Some teachers who implement web-based learning also ask 
their students to find information needed for learning on the internet independently. 
This opinion is what strengthens the statement that technology can replace teachers. 
It is true that the internet provides all the information needed by students about a 
material, but not all information presented on the internet can replace the learning 
experience of students with teachers.
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There are several learning materials that directly involve the teacher's role as a 
role model or as a guide, such as ethics and speech materials, which the internet 
cannot do. The fourth issue is that technology can replace schools. The existence of 
internet technology can be used for distance learning, namely learning through 
telecommunications (Heinich et al, 2002). In this distance learning, it does not require 
students to sit in regular classes. Students can take part in learning anywhere and 
anytime, so learning becomes more flexible. Distance learning is a solution if students 
and teachers cannot meet face to face directly due to limited time and space. However, 
on the other hand distance learning can cause students to become more 
individualistic. In addition, speaking and social skills will not be obtained from distance 
learning. Therefore, the use of technology in education can indeed facilitate the course 
of an education, but technology may not necessarily solve all problems related to 
education such as social learning.
3) Impact of Technology in Education in Indonesia
The development of increasingly sophisticated technology is certainly followed 
by several impacts, both positive and negative impacts. There are many opinions 
regarding the use of technology in education. Nicholas Gane (in Selwyn, 2011) argues 
that internet technology is directly related to changing patterns of everyday life, 
including how to work, access and exchange information, shop, meet people, and 
maintain and regulate existing social relationships. The internet makes it easy for a 
person to communicate without being limited by time and space. With the internet, one 
can also study or take distance education easily. However, it cannot be denied that 
this can change the social order in society, such as changing a person to become 
more individualistic and apathetic to their surroundings. Selwyn (2011) says that 
technology has done more than simply 'add to' existing social arrangements; 
technology has radically changed the three main areas of social life, the sphere of 
production, consumption and communication. In the world of education, one of the 
skills learned is speaking and communication skills.
If learning is done via the internet or interactive media, then the students' skills 
in communicating will be reduced, because they only interact with machines. Clark (in 
Selwyn, 2011) says that technology is only a vehicle for delivering teaching and 
therefore is no more likely to influence student learning or achievement than as a truck
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that presents all the needs to improve nutrition. Thus, technology in education is only 
in the position of the media or intermediaries to achieve the learning objectives 
expected by an educational institution. Students who can make good use of 
technology to increase their knowledge and skills will get good achievements. 
Conversely, if students do not know how to use technology to increase their knowledge 
and skills, then they will not get good achievements, even technology can negatively 
affect these students. But on the other hand, Clark (in Selwyn, 2011) acknowledges 
that there are significant economic benefits that can be obtained from using technology 
to convey learning, namely the benefits of time, cost, logistics and other institutional 
problems.
One example of the positive impact of technology in education is the 
implementation of distance education. Distance education overcomes differences in 
time, geography and cost. So that students who have geographic limitations, such as 
a place to live far from educational institutions so that it requires a large amount of 
money and a long time to visit them, will still receive education like education which is 
carried out regularly. Regulations regarding distance education are also regulated in 
article 31 of Law No.20 of 2003 concerning the national education system.
5.3Globalization and Education
Education is a conscious and planned effort to create an atmosphere of learning 
and the learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have 
religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and 
skills needed by themselves, society, nation and state (UU No.20 of 2003 article 1: 1). 
The government provides education aimed at educating the nation's life. Intelligence 
is needed by everyone to face the times that have entered the era of globalization. 
According to Grew (in Nikolopoulou 2010: 28) globalization is broadly understood as 
stretching social, political and economic activities across borders so that events, 
decisions and activities that take place in a place or region have an important meaning 
for society as a whole.
Then the broad understanding of globalization is the process of growth of 
developed countries (America, Europe and Japan) carrying out massive expansion, 
then trying to dominate the world with the strength of technology, science, politics, 
culture, military and economy. In the economic field, economic globalization means
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the integration of the national economy into the world or global economy. When linked 
in the field of education, globalization of education means the integration of national 
education into world education. When studied further, globalization has had an impact 
on developing countries that have just been released from the shackles of colonialism, 
both positive and negative. The positive effect of globalization is to help / encourage 
new developing countries to advance technically and become more prosperous 
materially.
Meanwhile, the negative effect was the emergence of a very powerful 
technocracy, supported by modern technical tools and sophisticated weapons. A 
systems approach needs to be used in explaining education, because in the current 
global era the world of education has developed in such a way as to become a matter 
of concern. Toffler (1992: 4) states that schools or educational institutions in the future 
must direct their students to learn how to learn (learn how to learn). Blindness in the 
global era is the inability to learn. The main characteristic of the future Indonesian 
people is a human being who educates himself throughout life and an open learning 
society but has a solid outlook on life. So students must be provided with background 
information that has a multiplier impact on their learning so that it can provide great 
motivation to read and learn information from various sources.
Educational Challenges in the Globalization Era
Nowadays globalization has started to become an actual problem in education. 
Some of the challenges of education in the first era of globalization are the quality of 
education. The problems of globalization in the field of education are mainly related to 
educational output. As is known, in the current era of globalization there has been a 
paradigm shift about the advantages of a country, from comparative advantage 
(comperative adventage) to competitive advantage (competitive advantage). 
Comparative excellence rests on the wealth of natural resources, while competitive 
advantage rests on the possession of quality human resources (HR) which means that 
in the context of this paradigm shift of excellence, national education will face a very 
high competitive situation, because it has to deal with the power of global education.
Second, professionalism of education personnel. One of the important 
components in educational activities and the learning process is the educator or 
teacher. Even though technological advances have provided various kinds of tools to
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increase the effectiveness of the learning process, the teacher's position cannot be 
completely replaced. This means that teachers are an important variable for the 
success of education. Third, culture or acculturation. A cultural development in today's 
modern era cannot avoid the influence of the culture of other nations. This condition 
causes the emergence of the process of acculturation, namely the exchange and 
mingling of one culture with another. From here there is a challenge for education, 
namely the existence of this acculturation, it will easily enter negative influences on 
children's culture, morals and morals. Therefore, this is a challenge for education to 
filter incoming cultures so that they are not negatively affected by the entry of foreign 
cultures.
Fourth, learning strategies. The era of globalization today has a very significant 
influence on learning patterns that are able to empower students. Global demands 
have changed the learning paradigm from the traditional learning paradigm to the 
modern learning paradigm, but in fact it shows the practice of learning applies more 
traditional learning strategies than new learning. This seems to be closely related to 
the low level of teacher professionalism. Fifth, management improvement. The 
improvement of education management and school management is directed towards 
empowering educational institutions and schools as the leading implementation units 
in teaching and learning activities in schools.
Sixth, access to education. One of the government policies in the field of 
education is the implementation of compulsory 9-year basic education which is now 
leading to the 12-year compulsory education. The successful implementation of this 
policy has a strategic impact as an effort to improve the quality of Indonesia's human 
resources. Seventh, progress in science and technology. As we have all realized that 
the positive impact of technological advances up to now is facilitative. Technology 
offers an increasingly diverse range of relaxation and serenity.
6. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
1) Local culture that lives in the community is usually born from the spiritual 
encouragement of the community and local rites which are spiritually and materially 
very important for the social life of a village community. Local culture has a very close
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relationship with the community in an environment with all natural conditions in that 
environment.
2) Education in the era of globalization means the integration of national education 
into world education. Students must be equipped with adequate competencies so that 
students exist in a highly competitive global era. There are several problems and 
challenges facing the world of education in the era of globalization, including the 
quality of education, professionalism of education personnel, culture (acculturation), 
learning strategies, challenges of management improvement, and challenges of 
advancing science and technology.
3) Technology in the world of education is a system that is used to support learning so 
that the desired results are achieved. The implementation of technology in education 
in Indonesia means that technology can be used as a learning medium, administrative 
tool, and learning resource.
4) The impact of technology on education in Indonesia, apart from having a positive 
impact, also has a negative impact. The positive impact is to be more efficient in terms 
of time, cost, logistics and other institutional issues. Meanwhile, the negative impact is 
that technology can change social life.
5.2 Suggestion
Discussions in previous chapters, we will become more aware of how 
globalization affects culture, information technology, and education, but in fact there 
are bad effects that accompany it. To be able to ward off the bad effects of 
globalization is to first provide direction to young people to use technology wisely, 
especially the internet. Second, the filter based on the oriental culture filter and the 
religious filter. Third, provide additional lessons on Indonesian diversity and culture to
schools. By giving these three suggestions, we will date the cultures that enter 
Indonesia such as the culture of hedonism as much as possible. All the efforts that we 
have carried out, in fact, we cannot stem the flow of globalization, but certainly we can 
fight the bad effects of globalization for a better generation of national moral