Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            amins & other drugs as:  Digitalis   ,Thiazides , 
Warfarin 
5. Dietary and cholesterol absorption inhibitors 
Ezetimibe 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pharmacology-2          Dietitian Program         2024-2025                Prof Dr Manar A Nader
 
 
84 | P a g e  
 
Management for Asthma 
 
Scan the following and read well before start 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pharmacology-2          Dietitian Program         2024-2025                Prof Dr Manar A Nader
 
 
85 | P a g e  
 
 Non pharmacologic therapy 
Herbal Treatment 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Patients should 
understand 
a) the difference between the asthmatic and normal lung, 
b)  what happens to the lung during an asthma attack, 
c) differences between controller and relief medications, how to take inhaled 
medications correctly,  
d) Environmental control measures 
Patient should learn:  
 
i. 
self-management of asthma,  
including assessing level of control, recognizing signs and symptoms of worsening 
asthma, skills for self-monitoring of pulmonary function, 
ii. Avoidance of known allergenic triggers 
➔ improve symptoms, ↓ medication use, ↓BHR. 
iii. Environmental triggers (eg, animals) should be avoided in sensitive patients, and 
smokers should be encouraged to quit. 
 
Pharmacology-2          Dietitian Program         2024-2025                Prof Dr Manar A Nader
 
 
86 | P a g e  
 
Pharmacology for  Asthma 
I. Bronchodilators drugs 
A) B2 adrenergic agonists 
• 
Inhaled B2 adrenergic agonists ➔ directly relax airway smooth muscle. 
• 
Used for the quick relief of asthma symptoms and for long term control of the disease. 
• 
None selective  : Metaproterenol. (Fastest onset , Shortest duration)  & bitoleterol (prodrug.) 
o 
 
 
1) Short acting B2 agonists (SABAS) 
2) Long acting B2 agonists 
(LABAS) 
ex 
Salbutamol , albuterol and levalbuterol 
Salmeterol  Longest duration & 
formoterol 
For
 
• 
Quick relief➔ rapid onset of action (5 to 30 
minutes)  ➔ provide relief for 4 to 6 hours. 
• 
Long term control ➔ long DOA ➔ 
Bronchodilation for > or = 12 hours. 
S/E 
- 
Tachycardia, 
hyperglycemia, 
hypokalemia, and Hypomagensmia. 
- 
Can be minimized with inhaled 
delivery 
versus 
systemic 
administration. 
- 
Can cause B2 mediated skeletal 
muscle tremors. 
- 
Similar to quick – relief B2 
agonists. 
 
 
B)Cholinergic antagonists 
Methylxanthines (Theophylline) 
Ex
 
1) Inhaled ipratropium,  
 useful in patients who are 
unable to tolerate a SABA 
(hypertensive) or patients 
with concomitant COPD. 
Tiotropium
 
✓ Longer duration of action 
(24 h). 
Ex
 
✓ Methyl xanthines ➔ Theophylline, 
theobromine, and caffeine. 
✓ major source is beverages (tea, 
cocoa, and coffee, respectively). 
Most
 
relieves 
  
→
bronchodilator  
➔
Theophylline 
airflow obstruction in chronic asthma and 
decreases its symptoms.
 
Adverse 
effects
 
Local anticholinergics effects.
 
(xerostomia and bitter taste)
 
S/E
 
narrow therapeutic window, adverse effect 
profile, and potential for d

            Quiz: