Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            The quiz must be in the same language as the input text. Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
             processing. 
Messenger RNA (mRNA):- 
o Function:- They function as messengers carrying the information in 
a gene to the ribosomes where they act as templates for protein 
synthesis. 
o Its 5' end:- Is capped by 7-methylguanosine that is linked to an 
adjacent 2'-o-methyl ribonucleoside through a triphosphates. 
• The cap protects the mRNA from the attack by 5'-exonuclease. 
o Its 3'end:- Is attached to a polymer of adenylate residues from 20-
250 nucleotides in length called poly (A) tail. 
• The tail protects the mRNA from the attack by 3'-exonuclease. 
o In mammalian cells:- The mRNA immediately synthesized from the 
DNA is called heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hn RNA). 
Transfer RNA (tRNA):-  
o Function:- They serve as adaptors for the translation of the 
information in the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA into 
specific amino acids. 
o They vary in length from 74 - 95 nucleotides. 
o There are at least 20 tRNA, at least one (and often several) 
for each of the 20 a.a required for protein synthesis. 
o The tRNA molecules have a common features:- its primary 
structure undergoes extensive folding to generate a 2ry 
structure like a clover leaf. 
3- Ribosomal RNA (r RNA):- 
A ribosome:- Is a cytoplasmic nucleoprotein that act as machinery for 
the synthesis of proteins from mRNA templates. 
Eukaryotic ribosome consists of 2 subunits:- 
1- The 60s ribosomal subunit:- Consists of 50 polypeptides and 3 types 
of r RNA (5S,5.8s and 28s rRNA). 
2- The 40s ribosomal subunit:- consists of 35 polypeptides and one 
rRNA (18s).Both bind to from the 80s ribosome. 
4- Small nuclear RNA(sn RNA):- 
o It is a specific type of RNA. 
o It is responsible for processing of mRNA by excising the introns and 
splicing the exons. involved in RNA processing and gene regulation 
They are considered as nucleoprotein enzymes called ribozymes. 
DNA organization 
Chromatin:- 
Def :- It is the chromosomal material extracted from nuclei of cells of 
eukaryotic organisms. 
It consists of:- 
1- Very long double stranded DNA molecules. 
2- Histones :- these are small basic proteins. rich in basic amino 
acids as arginine and lysine) 
3- Non-histone proteins: like enzymes involved in DNA 
replication such as topoisomerases and transcription such as 
RNA polymerase. 
4- Small amount of RNA.
 
Histones:-
 
Definition:- They are closely related basic proteins positively 
charged proteins rich in basic amino acids as arginine and lysine)
 
- H1 histones are the one least tightly bound to chromatin
 
- The organizational unit of chromatin is called nucleosome
 
Nucleosomes:-  
Def:- These are dense spherical structures containing DNA and 
histones. 
-  The DNA is supercoiled in a left-handed helix over the surface 
of the disc-shaped histone octamer.  
- The core histone proteins interact with the DNA on the inside 
of the supercoil without protruding.  
- The amino terminal tails of the histones protrude outside this 
structure for regulatory covalent modification. 
 
 
 
DNA Synthe

            Quiz: