Explain the following to me

The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 39-year-old man with history of seizures has been seizure-free for more than a year with mild mental retardation and developmental delay.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in the laboratory using the standard international 10-20 system of electrode placement in addition to T1 and T2 electrodes and 1 channel of EKG monitoring.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.  This tracing captures wakefulness through stage 1 sleep.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the alpha rhythm is 9-10 Hz seen in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is a small amount of low amplitude frontocentral beta activity, which is distributed symmetrically.  A stage 1 sleep is characterized by disappearance of the alpha rhythm, slowing of the background, and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact as well as the presence of vertex sharp waves and posts.  Hyperventilation results in symmetrical slowing of the background activity.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate is 60 beats per minute and regular.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness through stage 1 sleep.  No epileptiform abnormalities or seizures were identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG, does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are a clinical concern, a repeat EEG capturing deeper stages of sleep or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation and hyperventilation.
MEDICATIONS:  Lisinopril, nifedipine, tramadol, methadone, fluoxetine, trazodone, Tipramine.
HISTORY:  This is a 45-year-old woman with a past medical history of seizures since 02/04/2013.  She has a past medical history of back pain and hypertension.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  Technical Difficulties:  None.
The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness stage 1 sleep.  Please note that during the recording the patient easily drowses off during the test.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
HEART RATE:  66.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that the patient does fall asleep easily during the recording and consideration for a sleep evaluation may be indicated.  Please note that this EEG is not much different than the one dictated on 03/10/2010 and 01/05/2010, both of which were normal.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Recurrent episodes of shaking.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with an additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation.
MEDICATIONS:  Levothyroxine.
HISTORY:  A 31-year-old woman with generalized shaking episodes observed at work.  She has 4-5 episodes per day for the past 2 weeks.  She does remember the episodes.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures include hyperventilation and produced no abnormal discharges.
Abnormal Discharges:  None.
Heart rate:  78.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy electroencephalogram.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizure or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  35 year old right handed woman with seizures since age 16, now refractory to medications.
MEDICATIONS:  Valproic Acid, Lovenox, Depakote, Keppra, Klonopin, Zoloft, Haldol, Terazosin
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video long-term EEG was performed for 24 hours using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed.  Continuous spike wave detection as well as seizure detection software as well as nurses' notes and patient's alarms were used to review the EEG.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures were not performed.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage 1, stage 2 and deeper stages of sleep.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
EVENTS:  The patient had 2 events in this recording similar to the ones in the previous day.  The first one occurred at 8:10:43 p.m. and the second one occurred at 11:47 p.m.  Both of them, the body had irregular shaking for minutes with no response to verbal or motor commands.  The patient had no EEG correlate during this time despite being unconscious.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG with 2 episodes of nonepileptic events.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: The 2 episodes described above had no EEG correlate, as such it is consistent with nonepileptic seizures.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  27 year old right handed with an episode of loss of consciousness, felt lightheaded and dizzy, awoke to mom standing over her.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episode of passing out.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and stage 1 sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient goes into stage 1 sleep for a short amount of time.  Photic stimulation and hyperventilation produced no abnormal discharges.  At times, there are small, short bursts of theta of drowsiness seen diffusely which have a slightly sharp contour to it, but not clearly abnormal.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that a normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy.  A repeated recording with deeper stages of sleep may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 33-year-old man with history of seizures and a motor vehicle accident in 1997.  Last seizure was in April 11, 2013 with generalized tonic-clonic shaking, loss of consciousness, fall and confusion.  He has a history of schizophrenia and bipolar disease.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin, Neurontin, Klonopin.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using a standard 10-20 electrode placement system with an additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and stage 1 and stage 2.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient recorded during wakefulness, stage 1 and stage 2 sleep.  Activating procedures include hyperventilation and photic stimulation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
HEART RATE:  96.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  29 year old female with history of bipolar, anxiety, and diabetes, presents with episodes of shaking, described as jaw shattering, body shaking, without loss of consciousness.
MEDICATIONS:  Alprazolam.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontal central beta.  Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, reveal no abnormal discharges.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.
__________________________





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizure.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 56-year-old woman with complaints of anxiety for one year, increased recently and now possible seizures.  Past medical history of hypertension and thyroid disorder.
MEDICATIONS:  Clonazepam, lisinopril, levothyroxine, simvastatin, Travatan.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using a standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior temporal single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep stage I.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation and hyperventilation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Some T5 electrode artifact throughout the recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm in the range of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is an excessive amount of beta throughout the recording.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation, photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and stage I sleep although sleep is limited.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
HEART RATE:  72.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep electroencephalogram.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Migraines.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 33-year-old female with a history of migraines using Fioricet.  She has a past medical history of hypertension, gastric bypass, obesity, and migraines.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
MEDICATIONS:  Fioricet, guaifenesin, Paxil, amlodipine, Reglan, Carafate, Flonase, omeprazole, Topamax, and vitamins.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with the addition of anterior temporal and EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient reached stage I and stage II sleep.  She also during the recording had short periods of rapid eye movement noted.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed and produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
HEART RATE:  60.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen. Please note that the findings of REM during a routine EEG could be suggestive or indicative of sleep disorder and sleep consultation could be helpful.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 18 year old right handed woman with recurrent seizures described as an hour of tingling and numbness in the right hand and feet.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 to 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a mild amount of beta seen throughout the recording.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION: Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  19 year old female with history of syncopal events who presents with episodes of waking up paralyzed and feeling shaky for seconds to minutes.
MEDICATIONS:  Topamax.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episode of passing out.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior temporal electrodes and EKG electrodes.  Wakefulness, drowsiness, and stage 1 sleep were recorded.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORDING:  The recording opens to a well-formed 9 Hz posterior dominant rhythm which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontal central beta.  Sleep is characterized by stage I and stage II.  Activating procedure, including photic stimulation and hyperventilation revealed no abnormal discharges.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This awake and asleep EEG is normal.  No seizures or epileptiform activity were seen.  Please note that a normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
EEG LENGTH:  Almost 29 minutes.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  The patient is a 42-year-old woman who presents with episodes concerning for seizures.  Episodes are described as onset of headache on the left side of her head followed by loss of consciousness and left-sided shaking with post-event confusion.
MEDICATIONS:  Current medications: Cardizem, venlafaxine, Xanax, Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  The recording was performed according to the standard 10/20 system with additional T1-T2 electrodes and a single EKG lead.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The posterior dominant rhythm consists of low amplitude 10 Hz alpha activity that attenuates with eyes opening.  There is an anterior to posterior frequency amplitude gradient with faster frequencies at lower amplitudes anteriorly.  Diffuse excess beta activity is present.  During sleep prominent POSTS (positive occipital sharp transients of sleep)  symmetrical vertex waves and sleep spindles are captured.
Hyperventilation is performed with fair effort and results in no significant change in the background.  Step photic stimulation does not result in any abnormalities.  A single EKG lead demonstrates a heart rate fewer than 60 beats a minute.
FINDINGS:
Excess beta.
No epileptiform discharges.
Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal awake and asleep 27-minute EEG.  The lack of epileptiform discharges in a routine EEG does not preclude a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy.  Excess beta could be secondary to medication effect such as benzodiazepines or barbiturates.  Heart rate fewer than 60 beats a minute is noted on the single EKG lead.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  28 year old right handed female with history of seizures associated with menstrual cycle, as well as migraines, pituitary tumor.
MEDICATIONS:  None
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode were used.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep stage I and stage II.  Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontal central beta.  The patient easily goes into stage I and stage II sleep. Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  48 year old right handed man with history of nocturnal seizures since his 20s, now having 1 every 2-3 months.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures, including photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  There is almost continuous T4 electrode artifact throughout the recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm at 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient has normal frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage I sleep.  Activating procedures produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  55 year old right handed female with a history of seizures presented with a chief complaint of seizures in the morning, one while hooking up the EEG; first stopped talking, right eye twitch, head shaking, lasting for seconds and then over.  The patient was awake.  Past medical history of diabetes, COPD, hypertension, and CHF.
MEDICATIONS:  Neurontin, Insulin, ASA, Lovenox, Percocet, Prednisone, Plavix, Lisinopril, Paxil, Coreg.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 to 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizure or epileptiform activity was seen.  It is slightly atypical that the EEG has no abnormalities right after a seizure, although this is not inconsistent with the diagnosis of epilepsy.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 79-year-old female with seizures during sleep in the 1970s.  Seizure-free for over a year.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with added channel anterior temporal and an EKG electrode.   The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is some frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness, stage I sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
HEART RATE:  60.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep electroencephalogram.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges are seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  48 year old female with a history of hypertension, headaches, and right MCA stroke at age 16 secondary to endocarditis, presents with episodes of left hand twitching, starting with the thumb and left sided weakness.
MEDICATIONS:  Metoprolol, Valacyclovir, Levothyroxine
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage I sleep.  Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  49 year old right handed female with seizures since age 14, presents with refractory episodes, here for seizure classification.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness.  Hyperventilation was performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 to 10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is an increased amount of beta activity seen diffusely throughout the EEG.  During the recording, the patient is recorded only during wakefulness.  The only activating procedure that is performed is hyperventilation, during which she has an episode which I will describe below.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
Events:  During this recording, while the patient was doing hyperventilation she suddenly stopped responding, started moving her throat and jerking her back and forth repeatedly.  At times she would move to the left and then to the right.  During this episode, the tech stimulated her feet and she would respond and at times appeared to follow commands, but would not verbalize.  The whole episode of unresponsiveness lasted some minutes, but with the clinical presentation lasted about 12 minutes.  During this recording, the EEG revealed prominent muscle artifact but a nice posterior dominant rhythm could be seen at times and normal EEG could be seen at times throughout the episode.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG with an episode of unresponsiveness as described above with no EEG correlate.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This EEG is diagnostic of a nonepileptic event, likely psychogenic in nature.  Otherwise this is a normal awake EEG and no seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  50 year old right handed man with episodes of confusion and memory problems with a history of anxiety and depression.
MEDICATIONS:  Paroxetine, Wellbutrin, Benztropine, Omeprazole, Meclizine, Hydrochlorothiazide.
REASON FOR EEG:  Confusion.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel of EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation are performed. Wakefulness and drowsiness, stage I sleep are recorded.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 Hz with an amplitude of 20-70 microvolts which is reactive to eye opening. Wakefulness and sleep stage I are seen. Photic stimulation and hyperventilation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizure or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  56 year old right handed female with episode of right sided shaking and confusion and tired afterwards.  Found to be diabetic and anemic.
MEDICATIONS:  Insulin and iron.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episode of shaking.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video  EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded while in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm of 10-11 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontal and central beta. Activating procedures produce no abnormal discharges.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:   None
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: No seizure or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  41 year old right handed woman with episodes of electricity in her head followed by closing her eyes and inability to move without clear loss of consciousness lasting for minutes.
MEDICATIONS:  Mirapex
REASON FOR STUDY:  Possible seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage 1 sleep.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 56-year-old right-handed woman presents with episodes of loss of consciousness for the last 3 years.  She feels hot, dizzy, and then experiences loss of consciousness.
PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:  Significant for hepatitis C and hypertension.
MEDICATIONS:
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed at EEG lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with one channel of EKG.  The patient is awake.  This EEG captures wakefulness through stage II sleep.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In wakefulness, there is a 9-10 Hz posterior dominant rhythm with generous amount of low voltage frontocentral beta activity with symmetrical distribution.  The stage I sleep is characterized by disappearance of the alpha rhythm slowing of the background and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact as well as the presence of vertex sharp waves and posts.  This stage II sleep was characterized by the presence of K complexes, sleep spindles, and posts.  Hyperventilation results in symmetrical slowing of the background.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate is 60 beats per minutes.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness through stage II sleep.  No epileptiform abnormalities were identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG and does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are a clinical concern, repeat EEG capturing deeper stages of sleep or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episodes of loss of consciousness.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 20-year-old woman with a history of seizures versus non-epileptic seizures since age 14, is currently 5 months pregnant and is a prisoner.
MEDICATIONS:  Benadryl.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using a standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with and additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures include hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and stage 1 sleep.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation and hyperventilation which produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
HEART RATE:  66, however, there appears to be an AV block, although this is only a single electrode EKG.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that a normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy.  Please also note the patient had an abnormal EKG strip which appears to have an AV block, however, a full 12-lead electrocardiogram should be performed and follow up with primary doctor for this abnormality is recommended.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Word-finding and memory problems.
MEDICATIONS:  Oxycodone, isosorbide, atorvastatin, Zofran, aspirin, ipratropium, Spiriva, Advair, furosemide, naproxen, amlodipine, gabapentin, meclizine, lisinopril, omeprazole, nitroglycerin.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement system with anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode. The patient was recorded during mainly sleep and some wakefulness.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
HISTORY:  This is a 58-year-old female with a past medical history of MS, CHF, diabetes, hypertension, depression, dizziness, GERD, COPD, stroke, with a recent increase in falls, MS flares, and forgetfulness and word-finding problems.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Some posterior electrode artifact due to sleep respiration movements and FP9 electrode artifact throughout some of the recordings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that is only seen for a limited amount of time during wakefulness that appeared to reach 9 Hematochezia.  There is normal frontocentral beta during that time.  Overall, the recording is mainly stage I and stage II sleep, and at one point there was rapid eye movement seen for a short period.  There is photic stimulation performed which produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
HEART RATE:  90.
IMPRESSION:  Normal mainly asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This EEG mainly asleep reveals no abnormal discharges.  No epileptiform activity or seizures were seen.  Please note that the patient fell asleep quickly during the recording, and remained mainly stage II.  At one point, reached REM sleep during this routine recording, which is suggestive of a sleep disorder.  A sleep consultation may be helpful.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  49 year old right handed male with a history of hypertension, heart murmur, atrial fibrillation, and spinal stenosis, now presents for robotic mitral valve replacement.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Aortic replacement, pre-op.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation were performed.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is no abnormal frontocentral beta seen.  The patient appears to go to sleep, stage I.  Photic stimulation produces no discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizure or epileptiform activity was seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episodes of seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 30-year-old man with history of seizures for 3 months, approximately once a month.  Described as single tingling, then right upper extremity numbness and stiffness with loss of consciousness and confusion afterwards.  Past medical history of dementia.
MEDICATIONS:  Tegretol and Seroquel.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG is performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement with an anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.  Please note, the patient easily falls asleep throughout the record.
Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
HEART RATE:  66.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep electroencephalogram.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges are seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  56 year old right handed woman with a past medical history of psych history, hypertension, and diabetes, with visual and auditory hallucinations for many years; however, have increased recently.  She has mostly visual hallucinations where she sees shadows and feels things when she closes her eyes, and she sees monsters.
MEDICATIONS:  Glyburide, Lisinopril, Trazodone, Celexa, Xanax, Atenolol.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:   None
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In wakefulness, the background EEG has a 9 to 10 Hz alpha rhythm with an amplitude of 30 microvolts, frontocentral theta.  Hyperventilation produces an increase in amplitude.  This is an awake study with minimal drowsiness.  Photic stimulation does not produce a driving response.
HR:    84 bpm
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:   None
SEIZURES:   None
IMPRESSION:  Normal EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No epileptiform features were identified.  A normal EEG does not exclude a diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are an important consideration, a repeat study may be considered.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  27 year old left handed female, with history of Down syndrome, presented with declining mental status and episode of bladder incontinence, here to rule out seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Synthroid.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness only.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  The patient is moving throughout the entire recording and does not go to sleep.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that at best reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient is recorded only in wakefulness.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation only and revealed no abnormal discharges.  There is an excessive amount of beta seen throughout the recording.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that the excessive beta may be seen due to medication effect, generally due to the use of benzodiazepines or barbiturates.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---


CLINICAL HISTORY: 44 year old right handed male with head trauma in 2008, subsequent epilepsy.

MEDICATIONS: Dilantin

INTRODUCTION: Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20
system of electrode placement with 1 channel of EKG. Hyperventilation and photic
stimulation are performed. This is an awake and asleep record.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD: In wakefulness, the background EEG includes a
well-organized 10 Hz alpha rhythm with a small amount of low voltage frontocentral beta
activity. Drowsiness is characterized by slow-rolling eye movements. Vertex waves are
noted in stage I sleep. Hyperventilation does not activate the record. Photic stimulation
elicits a driving response. Head rocking artifact and a skull defect are noted
intermittently in the frontocentral regions.

HR: N/A

IMPRESSION: EEG within normal limits.

CLINICAL CORRELATION: The skull defect and associated breech rhythm are not
pathologic abnormalities. No epileptiform features were seen.







---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 19-year-old male, having episodes of shaking and teeth chattering, blurred vision lasting a few seconds.  No past medical history of epilepsy.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation are completed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, alpha rhythm was 10-10.5 Hz in frequency, 20-30 microvolt in amplitude seen in the occipital region, which attenuates the eye opening.  There is a small amount of low amplitude frontocentral beta activity, which is distributed symmetrically.  Hyperventilation results in symmetric slowing of the background.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate was 70 beats per minute and regular.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness only.  No epileptiform abnormalities were identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are a clinical concern, a repeat EEG capturing deeper stages of the sleep or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  60 year old man with descending hemi aortic repair and thoracotomy.  EEG for preoperative.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra, Protonix, Metoprolol, Moxifloxacin.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Pre-operative.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures, including photic stimulation, was performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontal and central beta.  Activating procedures, including photic stimulation, produce no abnormal discharges.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizure or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  34 year old right handed woman with history of seizures with recent psychosis.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra, Lamictal, Clonidine, Risperdal, Vistaril.
REASON FOR EEG:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION: Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system electrode placement system with anterior temporal electrodes and EKG electrodes.  Wakefulness and sleep were recorded.  Activating procedures, including photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 Hz with 20-70 mV amplitude, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is an increased amount of beta seen, not just in the frontal central area, but more posteriorly. Sleep is characterized by stage I.  Photic stimulation and hyperventilation do not produce any abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: The increased amount of beta may be seen secondary to psychiatric medications, for example benzodiazepine.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 20-year-old pregnant woman who presents with episodes of shortness of breath, dizziness, and loss of consciousness associated with body shaking.  It started 2-1/2 years ago.
MEDICATIONS:  Prenatal vitamins.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in the lab using a standard 10/20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness through a stage 2 sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation was performed.  Hyperventilation was not performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the alpha rhythm is 10-11 Hz in frequency seen in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is diffuse low amplitude beta activity, which is distributed symmetrically.  A stage 1 sleep is characterized by disappearance of the alpha rhythm, slowing of the background, and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact as well as the presence of vertex sharp waves and POSTS.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate was 70 to 90 beats per minute.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness through stage 2 sleep.  No epileptiform abnormalities or seizures were identified in this record.
Clinical Correlation:  The generalized beta activity could be due to medication effect including benzodiazepine, barbiturates, or could be due to anxiety or hyperthyroidism. A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If clinically indicated, a continuous bedside EEG monitoring may be considered.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  31 year old right handed female with a past medical history of seizures and Sotos syndrome who presents with headaches, worsening in frequency and starring spills.
MEDICATIONS:  Topamax, Keppra, Premarin.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Sotos Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 to 10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta.  Please note that there is an increased amount of eye blink artifact throughout the recording in the frontal electrodes.  The patient also exhibits an intermittent RNPD and some wicket spikes.  She reaches stage II sleep.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:   None.
SEIZURES:   None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Syncope.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  66-year-old man with a history of syncope with loss of consciousness approximately 1 year ago.  Now reports 5 known events of loss of consciousness, last one on August 7, 2013, and has a significant past medical history for dementia.
MEDICATIONS:  Lisinopril, omeprazole, tramadol.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  Patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation only.
CLINICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is overall low voltage recording.  Patient is recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.  There was nice photic driving but no abnormal discharges.  Patient was recorded in wakefulness, stage 1 sleep.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
HEART RATE:  72.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 24-year-old man with a history of possible seizures  and substance abuse with Percocet and Xanax.
with seizures during propofol and Dilantin and transferred after giving more Ativan in the ambulance, now placed on an Ativan drip and recently stopped.
MEDICATIONS:  Unknown.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded while awake and drowsy.  Activating procedures were not performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is an excessive amount of beta seen diffusely throughout the recording.  Activating procedures are not performed.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and some drowsiness.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were clearly seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 52-year-old man with history of nocturnal seizures for years, last one 10 days ago.
MEDICATIONS:  Depakote.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep, stage 1 and stage 2.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures did not produce abnormal discharges.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness, stage 1 and stage 2 sleep.
Heart rate 66.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  39 year old right handed woman with episodes of possible seizures after head trauma in June of 2010, now with bouts of right-sided numbness and a headache, as well as confusion.
MEDICATIONS:  Ultram, Naproxen, Prilosec, Dextrostat.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Questionable seizure.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with the addition of anterior temporal single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is no abnormal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedure including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no were abnormal discharges.  The patient was seem to be in wakefulness and drowsiness.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  History of brain tumor, now with headaches and dizziness.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 54-year-old woman with a left occipital tumor resected 27 years ago who presents with headaches, dizziness, and normal MRI with recurrent mass in the left occipital region, in addition to a history of diabetes and hypertension.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra, Klor-Con, omeprazole, and    .
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with 1 anterior temporal single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The records opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which reacts to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.
Heart rate 74.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 34-year-old man with an increase in seizures.  He says that he has had 2 seizures in the last month, cannot explain if he had priors, but has had generalized tonic-clonic seizures with loss of consciousness and tongue biting.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin and Lamictal.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep, stage I and stage II.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  At one point, there was an A2 and FP1 electrical artifact which was fixed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a nice well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz, which is responsive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontal central beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges. Sleep:  The patient went into sleep, stage I and stage II.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
Heart rate 60.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 23-year-old female with history of body shakes for the past several days associated with right frontal headache.  There is no history of seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Tylenol with Codeine, Asthma medications as needed.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in the lab using the standard international 10-20 system of electrode placement in addition to 1 channel of EKG monitoring.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.  This tracing captures wakefulness through stage 2 sleep.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the posterior dominant rhythm is 9.5-10 Hz in frequency seen in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is presence of low-amplitude frontocentral beta activity, which is distributed symmetrically.  Stage 1 and stage 2 sleep are characterized by disappearance of alpha rhythm, slowing of the background, and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact, as well as presence of posts vertex sharp transients, K complexes, and sleep spindles.  Hyperventilation was performed and results in diffuse slowing of the background activity intermixed with high amplitude 3 Hz delta activity lasting for 1-2 seconds.  Photic stimulation was performed and resulted in a driving response with no abnormal response.  The patient had 2 episodes of body jerks while awake during the recording without any ictal change on EEG.  Heart rate was 60 beats per minute and regular.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness through stage 2 sleep.  Intermittent body jerks were captured during the recording without any ictal change on EEG.  No epileptiform abnormalities were identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  Intermittent body jerks without any ictal change on EEG suggestive of these being probably subcortical in origin.  No epileptiform abnormalities were seen in this record.  This does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are a clinical concern, a repeat EEG or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Rule out seizures.

CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 33-year-old female with a past medical history of hyperlipidemia, depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety who presents to the hospital having tingling episodes in the toes, fingers and lips, a copper taste in the mouth and urinary incontinence.

TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.

MEDICATIONS:  Please add from previous record.

INTRODUCTION:  A long-term EEG was performed from 11/04/2012 to 11/05/2012, for a total of 24 hours.  The long-term EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with the addition of anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep, stage I and stage II, and deeper stages of sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed.  Continuous spike detection software as well as seizure detection software, the patient's notes as well as nurses events were used to review the EEG.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures were not performed.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.

ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.

EVENTS OF PUSHBUTTON:  The patient did press the button on 2 occasions, 1 at 8:29 p.m. and 1 at 11:20 a.m.  during the first pushbutton the patient complained of having a headache and during the second the patient complained of feeling wobbly.  During both there was no EEG abnormalities or changes in the background.

SEIZURES:  None.

IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.

CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.




---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Right facial/right sided weakness, rule out seizure.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 71-year-old woman with acute onset of right facial and right-sided weakness along with slurred speech and a past medical history of stroke, diabetes, hypertension and asthma.
MEDICATIONS:  Insulin and gabapentin.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness, mainly in sleep.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record is mainly recorded in sleep but in the limited wakefulness there appears to be a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz.  There is normal frontocentral beta during this limited wakefulness.  Photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient is recorded again mainly in sleep with stage I and II recorded.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
HEART RATE:  66.
IMPRESSION:  Normal electroencephalogram in limited wakefulness and mainly in sleep.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This EEG with limited wakefulness and mainly asleep reveals no clear abnormalities.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Followup EEG, history of seizures since childhood.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 39-year-old woman with history of epilepsy since childhood and head trauma.  Here for followup EEG.
MEDICATIONS:  Doxepin, Dilantin, Seroquel, and Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness only.
Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Some T3 muscle electrical artifact seen intermittently.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded mainly in wakefulness only.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.
Heart rate 76.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 25-year-old man with history of asthma, vascular necrosis, arthritis, congenital hole in the heart that is now closed, presents with seizures, per mother taking Percocet since surgery, ran out and yesterday switching to tramadol.
MEDICATIONS:  Oxazepam, Percocet.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep, stage 1 and stage 2.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and stage 1 and stage 2 sleep.  Please note that he easily drowses off throughout the recorded from wakefulness and sleepiness and sleep latency is less than 5 seconds.
Heart rate 96.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were clearly seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 37-year-old right-handed man with history of a seizure disorder that started in 2010 characterized by loss of consciousness and tongue biting followed by postictal confusion.  His last seizure was in 2011.
MEDICATIONS:  The patient's medications include Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  A digital EEG was performed in the laboratory using the standard international 10/20 system of electrode placement in addition to T1 and T2 electrodes and 1-channel of EKG monitoring.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.  This tracing captures wakefulness only.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the alpha rhythm is 9-10 Hz in frequency, 30-40 microvolt in amplitude seen in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is a small amount of low amplitude frontal central beta activity, which is distributed symmetrically.  Hyperventilation results in symmetric slowing of the background activity.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in symmetric driving response.  Heart rate is 70-80 beats per minute and regular.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness only.  No epileptiform abnormalities or seizures were identified in this record.  Normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy if seizures are a clinical concern.  A repeat EEG capturing deeper stages of sleep or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  20 year old right handed female with episodes of syncope versus seizures described as becoming unaware, talking, then grabs onto whoever is near and clamps down, scratches.  The patient has about 5-6 per month.  Mom has a history of seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded with hyperventilation and photic stimulation.  The patient was recorded mainly in wakefulness.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient remains in wakefulness, but does not go to sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  If seizures remain a clinical consideration, a repeat EEG with deeper stages of sleep would be helpful in confirming a diagnosis.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  21 year old left handed female with seizures started a year ago after the birth of her first child.  She described an episode of confusion without loss of consciousness, shaking both arms and legs, tongue biting and postictal confusion, sometimes during sleep.
MEDICATIONS:  Lamictal, Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 to 10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is an excessive amount of beta seen diffusely throughout the recording.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and sleep, stage II.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges are seen.  Please note that excessive beta may be due to medication affect, seen sometimes with benzodiazepines or barbiturates.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  36 year old right handed female with past medical history of seizures and brain injury after a motor vehicle accident with memory loss, insomnia, and episodes of loss of consciousness, urinary incontinence, and possible 2 seizures after a motor vehicle accident.
MEDICATIONS:  Xanax, Wellbutrin.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a low amplitude posterior dominant rhythm best seen over the right hemisphere with a frequency of 9-10 Hz and an amplitude of 20-40 mV.  At times it can be seen over the left hemisphere, but not as frequently.  There is also an excess amount of frontal central beta seen diffusely.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness. Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  46 year old right handed woman with history of seizures for 8 years after head trauma, states her seizures are noted during sleep and complains of left arm weakness and numbness.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra, Phenobarbital.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizure.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and stage 1 and stage 2 sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and stage 1 and stage 2 sleep.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 34-year-old man who presents with acute onset of left-sided weakness and numbness.
MEDICATIONS:  Unknown.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using a standard 10/20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were not performed.
DESCRIPTION OF RECORD:  In the most alert state, alpha rhythm is 9 Hz in frequency seen in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is a small amount of low amplitude frontocentral beta activity, which is distributed symmetrically.  Drowsiness is characterized by disappearance of the alpha rhythm, slowing of the background and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact.  Stage 1 sleep is characterized by the presence of vertex sharp waves and POSTS.  Stage 2 sleep is characterized by the presence of K complexes and sleep spindles.  Heart rate was 80 beats per minute.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness through stage 2 sleep.  No epileptiform abnormalities were identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are a clinical concern, a repeat EEG capturing deeper stages of sleep or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
INTRODUCTION: Routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with EKG electrode, anterior temporal electrode. The recording was performed during wakefulness as well as stage I and stage II sleep and photic stimulation was performed.
MEDICATIONS: Include mirtazapine, sertraline, amitriptyline, clonazepam, hydrocodone/acetaminophen 5/500 mg.
DENTAL PROBLEMS: None.
HISTORY: A 37-year-old man who presents after being hit in the head and passing out, told bystanders that he was shaking, with poor recollection of the event.
DESCRIPTION OF RECORD: Record opens up to posterior dominant rhythm of 9 to 1O Hz with 20 to 70 microvolts amplitude with a large amount of frontal central beta at 15 to 25 Hz and amplitude less than 10 microvolts, which is seen diffusely. Sleep is characterized by stage 1 and 2 and there is a normal response to photic stimulation.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES: None.
IMPRESSION: Normal EEG, awake and sleep.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: He is awake and sleep EEG was normal. No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen. Please note that the increased amount of beta may be related to medication effect.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episodes of blacking out.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 51-year-old woman who presents with a history of blacking out.  She describes this episode as beginning after a fall with injury to a head.  She describes the blacking out events as feeling dizzy, then losing consciousness and being back to baseline after 1 to 3 minutes.  They began in March 2012.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges including hyperventilation and photic stimulation.  Please note photic stimulation produced no photic driving.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
HEART RATE:  66.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy electroencephalogram.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  80 year old right handed male with a past medical history of COPD, lung cancer, positive PPD, ulcers, BPH, glaucoma, hypertension, GERD, hyperlipidemia, and seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Flomax, Pravastatin, Aspirin, Levetiracetam, Amlodipine.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  There is an increased bilateral, but right more than left, temporalis muscle artifact throughout the recording.  The patient did not relax.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz, which appears to be reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness.  As stated above, there is an increased amount of temporalis artifact and blinking, and the patient does not fall asleep.  The activating procedure of photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: No seizures or epileptiform discharges are seen.  Please note that if epilepsy remains a consideration, capturing deeper stages of sleep would aid in confirming the diagnosis.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 24 year old right handed woman with 3 seizures at age 6, now with recurrent seizures.

MEDICATIONS: Levetiracetam.
REASON FOR STUDY: Seizures

INTRODUCTION: Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior temporal and additional EKG single-lead electrode. Wakefulness and sleep were recorded. Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: None.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD: The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm of 9 to 10 Hz with 20 to 60 microvolts amplitude, which is reactive to eye opening. Mostly central beta is seen. Stage I and Stage II are seen. Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES : None.

SEIZURES: None.

IMPRESSION: Normal awake and asleep EEG.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  54 year old right handed man with history of HIV and tuberculosis with a seizure a week ago.
MEDICATIONS:  Isentress, Tramadol, Epivir, Simvastatin, Isoniazid, Glipizide, Metoprolol, Ranitidine, Tamsulosin, Pyrazinamide, Lamivudine Mycobutin
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizure.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a low amplitude posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontal central beta.  Overall the voltage is low throughout the recording.  The patient reaches stage I and stage II sleep.
Activating procedures, including photic stimulation and hyperventilation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  56 year old woman with recurrent seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Topamax, Aggrenox, Valium
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm with a frequency of 9-10 Hz and an amplitude of 20-60 microvolts which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta.  Patient remains awake and drowsy during the recording.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
LENGTH OF THE RECORDING:  22 minutes.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  The patient is a 33-year-old woman with 2 year history of spells of unclear etiology.  The spells are associated with initial metallic taste in her mouth and an overwhelming sensation of burning followed by loss of consciousness and generalized shaking with associated tongue biting and urinary incontinence as well as postictal confusion.  These events can last up to an hour.  The last such event was on 01/15/2013.
MEDICATIONS:  Current medications include Depakote, Klonopin and others.
CONDITION OF THE RECORDING:  The recording was performed according to the standard 10-20 system with addition T1 and T2 electrodes and a single EKG lead.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORDING:  The posterior dominant rhythm consists of  well-formed and modulated 9-10 Hz alpha activity that attenuates with eyes opening.  There is an anterior to posterior frequency amplitude gradient with faster frequencies with lower amplitudes anteriorly.  Diffuse excess beta is observed throughout the recording.  During drowsiness the posterior dominant rhythm attenuates and bursts of diffuse theta are captured.  Hyperventilation is performed with fair effort and produces no change in the background. Stepped photic stimulation results in no additionally abnormalities.
FINDINGS:
No epileptiform discharges.
Excess beta.
No stage II sleep.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy 22 minute EEG.  No epileptiform discharges were captured, however, stage II sleep was not recorded.  If clinical indication for seizures persist, a repeat study with sleep maybe of benefit.  The excess beta could be secondary to medication effect, such as benzodiazepines or barbiturates.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 51-year-old woman with history of cavernous meningioma and subsequent seizure, last seizure 1 month ago, woke up with a bitten tongue, about one seizure per year.  The patient also complains of being dizzy, fainting, and migraines almost every day, and anxiety.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra, Sensamide, Klonopin, and Ventolin.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that is still difficult to see due to the excessive beta, but appears to be 10 Hz and reactive to eye opening.  There is an excessive diffuse amount of beta throughout the recording.  The patient has no abnormal discharges noted during hyperventilation and photic stimulation reveals a nice drive response.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Seizures:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Note:  The excessive beta may sometimes be seen with the use of benzodiazepines or barbiturates.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
`


CLINICAL HISTORY:  32 year old right handed female with a history of seizures since she was 22 which have increased to once a week, usually while asleep.
MEDICATIONS:  Topiramate
REASON FOR THE STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation was performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening with an amplitude of about 20-40 microvolts.  There is a diffuse amount of beta seen throughout the recording.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 51-year-old male with a history of seizures ever since he was a child, last one 1 year ago.  Before the seizure he gets nervous, has loss of consciousness with generalized tonic/clonic shaking, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting.  Afterwards he is confused.
PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:  Arthritis, asthma, cataracts, prostate problems, and hypertension.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
HEART RATE:  66.
MEDICATIONS:  Valproic acid, loperamide, methocarbamol, and risperidone.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 system electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation which produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  42 year old right handed male status post head injury with tonic/clonic convulsions, now with recurrent seizures.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Increased seizure frequency.
MEDICATIONS:  Carbamazepine
INTRODUCTION:  Long term digital video EEG was performed at bedside for 16-1/2 hours using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system and anterior, temporal, and EKG electrodes.  Continuous seizure detection software as well as spike detection software were utilized and supplemented by a patient-activated alarm, nursing observation, and testing.  The video/EEG files were reviewed on a daily basis.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a low amplitude posterior dominant rhythm of 9 to 10 Hz at 20-50 microvolts amplitude with normal frontal central beta seen.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation were performed with no abnormal discharges.  Sleep, all stages are seen normally.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:
No epileptiform activity was seen.
Ictal or epileptiform activity captured:  No patient button events were captured and no seizure activity was captured on this first day of recording.
SEIZURES:   None
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This first day of long-term video EEG monitoring did not reveal any abnormal epileptiform discharges or seizures.
__________________________





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 25-year-old female with history of new onset seizures described as having strange feeling, seeing colors and patterns, and bad smell followed by 30 seconds of loss of consciousness and post event confusion.
MEDICATIONS:  Trileptal, Celexa.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in the lab using a standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with one channel of EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were completed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, posterior dominant rhythm is 10 to 10.5 Hz in frequency seen in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is a small amount of low amplitude frontal central beta activity, which was distributed symmetrically.  Hyperventilation results in symmetrical slowing of the background.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate is 70 beats per minute and regular.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness only.  No epileptiform abnormalities or electrographic seizures were identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are a clinical concern, prolonged EEG monitoring may be helpful.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizure.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 26-year-old woman with a history of seizures since 2010.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra, Suboxone, birth control.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a normal rhythm that is reactive to eye opening and reaches 9-10 Hz.  There is normal frontal central beta.  Activating procedures reveal no abnormal discharges.
The patient's recording in wakefulness and stage I sleep.  Heart rate 90 and some intermittent premature ventricular beats and some premature atrial complexes.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Recurring jerks.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
MEDICATIONS:  Neurontin, clonazepam, Flagyl, Lexapro, doxepin, omeprazole,  aspirin, hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, tramadol, albuterol, Singulair, Zofran, triamcinolone, Cardizem, atenolol.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
HISTORY:  A 62-year-old woman with past medical history of anxiety that has been having constant jerking episodes when falling asleep of her extremities, abdomen and face that lately have worsened in frequency and have become intolerable and do not permit her to go to sleep.  She is here for classification of these episodes, rule out seizures/myoclonus versus nonepileptic spells.
DESCRIPTION OF RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.
The patient is recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Overall, the background appears to be normal.  However, as the patient becomes drowsy, intermittent muscle artifact jerks can be seen throughout the recording, at times the EMG artifact could be noted more over the left temporalis muscle than the right.  There appears to be no preceding cortical discharge prior to this muscle artifact.  The video does not reveal clear facial jerks although the technician reports that she noticed some facial jerking irregularly. At one point, the patient does have some abdominal flexion which occurs congruously or at the same time as the muscle artifact occurred. Again, none of these artifacts have a preceding cortical discharge that could be clearly seen.
SEIZURES:  None.
HEART RATE:  66.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures were seen.  Please note that the jerking episodes described above had no clear cortical or electrographic discharge and may be muscular discharges or possible myoclonus of subcortical origin.  No clear seizures were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 48 year old right handed male with past medical history of hypertension, cardiac catheterization x2, CHF, gallstones, gout and plate in left face who presents with past medical history of seizure associated with alcohol use, now not having seizures after stopping alcohol use.
MEDICATIONS:  Not known.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel of EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation are performed.  Wave form in sleep were recorded.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 hertz at an amplitude of 20 to 50 microvolts and normal frontocentral beta seen. In general, there is a low amplitude to the recording, but no specific abnormalities are seen with sleep or photic stimulation.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGE:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  Please note that a normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy. Prolonged recording may aid in eliciting epileptiform discharges.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:   34 year old right handed man with a history of HIV, hepatitis C, and prior stroke in 2010.  He presents with new onset of seizure, described as generalized tonic clonic and postictal confusion.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Methadone, Trazodone, highly active antiretroviral therapy.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using the standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with anterior temporal electrodes and EKG electrodes.  Wakefulness and drowsiness was recorded.  Activation procedures, including photic stimulation were performed.  No hyperventilation was performed.
CLINICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Increased temporalis muscle artifact throughout the recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm at 9-10 Hz and an amplitude of 20-60 mV, which is reactive to eye opening and closing.  There is slightly more moderately increased amount of frontal central beta. Drowsiness in stage I is seen for a short period of time. Photic stimulation was performed with no abnormal discharges.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Seizures:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal EEG in wakefulness and drowsiness.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that a normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 39-year-old male with history of hypertension and diabetes who presents with episode of loss of consciousness in the setting of respiratory distress on 03/08/2013.
MEDICATIONS:  Norvasc, atenolol, insulin, Tylenol, and others.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using a standard 10/20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the posterior dominant rhythm was 9.5-10 Hz in frequency seen in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is low amplitude diffuse beta activity, which is distributed symmetrically.  Drowsiness is characterized by disappearance of the alpha rhythm, slowing of the background, and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact.  Hyperventilation results in no change in background activity.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate was 70 beats per minute.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness through drowsiness.  No epileptiform abnormalities were identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are clinical concern, a repeat EEG capturing at deeper stages of sleep or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.  The generalized beta activity could be due to medication effect including benzodiazepine or barbiturate or could be due to anxiety or hyperthyroidism.  Clinical correlation is recommended.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 21-year-old woman with history of seizures starting at age 13 described as left-sided shaking, eyes rolling back to the back of her head, biting her tongue, lasting 10-20 seconds, here for followup EEG.  She denies any recent seizures since 2011.
__________ difficulties now.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal, and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep, stage 1.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is an excessive amount of beta seen throughout the recording.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and stage 1 sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Heart rate:  66.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that the excessive beta may be seen as an effect of medications like barbiturates or benzodiazepines.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  41 year old right handed woman, presented with status, now resolved.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Presenting in status, now resolved.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video long-term EEG monitoring was performed at bedside using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed. Continuous spike detection software as well as seizure detection software and patient noted events by the alarm and the nurse's notes were used to review the EEG.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness, stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES OR EPISODES:  None reported.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep long-term EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   There were no seizures or epileptiform discharges seen.
__________________________





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episodes of head shaking with loss of consciousness.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 41-year-old woman with history of high cholesterol, spina bifida, asthma, presents to the hospital with 16 year history of tremors, difficulty speaking for the past 6 to 8 months. Tremors became more frequent with arm and leg and head shaking both at rest and while normal standing.
MEDICATIONS:   citalopram, propranolol, Percocet, Zanaflex, Topamax.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG is performed standard 10-20 system of electrode placement system with the addition of anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode. The patient was recorded during wakefulness. Activating procedures included only hyperventilation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Throughout the recording there is a head rocking artifact, intermittently she stops and a normal EEG could be seen.  Otherwise it is difficult to interpret.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens in limited times that there is no rocking artifact there is a posterior dominant rhythm of 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is some frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded only in wakefulness.  The hyperventilation was performed but did not clearly have any abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Limited normal EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a limited normal EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were clearly seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 63-year-old man with a history of right shoulder injury who presents status post  seizures and fall.  Went to Episcopal, was discharged on Percocet.  On the way home had another seizure, now with wide based gait and rigidity.
MEDICATIONS:  Lorazepam, Serax, Tylenol.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with the addition of anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that appears to reach 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  However, he has a low amplitude.  There is a diffuse amount of beta activity seen throughout the recording.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures were not performed.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that the excessive beta may be due to medication affects.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 44-year-old man with a history of seizure followed by left hemiparesis result.
MEDICATIONS:  Lipitor and vitamin B12.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG is performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with an anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  The patient had hyperventilation and photic stimulation performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  There is a continuous F8 electrode artifact which is occurring intermittently at 1 Hz.  I could not see on the video what the artifact was.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
HEART RATE:  66.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:   66 year old right handed man with a history of seizures since 2009, here for follow up of seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Lamictal, Keppra.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 to 10 Hz with an amplitude of 20 to 60 microvolts.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that this read is different from the previous ones where left temporal sharp waves and slowing in that region had been seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 21 year old right handed female with epilepsy since 2007 with abnormal lesions found on MRI. Last seizure 2 weeks ago.
MEDICATIONS: None
INTRODUCTION: Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel of EKG. Hyperventilation and photic simulation are performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD: In wakefulness, the background EEG includes a well-defined, 11.7 Hz, 50 microvolt alpha rhythm with a small amount of low voltage, frontocentral beta activity. Hyperventilation is performed early in the record producing an increase in the amplitude of the background and an increase in theta. Photic stimulation elicits scant driving. Drowsiness is characterized by an increase in background slowing.
HR: 60 bpm
IMPRESSION: Normal EEG.

CLINICAL CORRELATION: A normal EEG does not exclude a diagnosis of epilepsy. If seizures are an important consideration, a follow-up study may be considered.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  67 year old female with past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, thyroid cancer status post thyroidectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy for stage I ovarian carcinoma, presented as she was driving from work and the car was banged up and does not remember what happened, noticed that on her way to work, had a flat tire several minutes from work.
MEDICATIONS:  Atenolol, Zyrtec, Synthroid, Statin.
REASON FOR STUDY:
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and EKG electrodes.  The patient was only recorded in wakefulness.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a low voltage recording with a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  No sleep is seen.  Normal frontocentral beta is seen.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  38 year old right handed man with a history of syncope since 2006 and episode of falls with loss of consciousness and injury.  Episodes last about 3-5 seconds.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage 1 sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  36 year old right handed man with an episode of dizziness and loss of consciousness associated with left back weakness and headache for the past 3 months.
MEDICATIONS:  Prilosec
REASON FOR STUDY:  Headache and weakness on the left side.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures produce no abnormal discharges including photic stimulation and hyperventilation.  Some times during the recording the patient becomes drowsy and there are some sharply contoured central discharges, not clearly epileptiform, specifically in the left central and right central regions.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were clearly seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY: Rule out possible nocturnal seizures.
INTRODUCTION: This is a routine EEG was done under 10-20 electrode placement and EKG artifact as well as anterior temporal electrode. Sleep stage I was captured and photic stimulation was performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: None.
MEDICATIONS: Include Procardia, Singulair, Colace, Topamax 25 mg, Lipitor, ferrous sulfate, hydrochlorothiazide, Lexapro, calcium carbonate, Zantac, Duramist, Mirapex, Prozac, Advair, Proventil, aspirin, senna, Ambien, and Cozaar.
HISTORY: A 63-year-old woman with seizure onset about five years ago states that she has seizures at night with tongue biting, but no bowel or bladder incontinence. She states seizures are occurring twice per week.
DESCRIPTION OF RECORD: Opens to a well formed 9 to 10 Hz posterior dominant rhythm at 20 to 75 microvolts, which is symmetric to wide opening. There is a small amount of frontal beta at 15 to 25 Hz and 10 to 25 microvolts amplitude. Sleep is characterized by stage I during photic stimulation. No abnormal discharges were seen. During the recording, there was one sharp transient seen at C3-F3 during stage I sleep followed by a subtle head movement of the head with muscle artifact seen in the EEG.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES: None
SEIZURES: None.
IMPRESSION: Normal EEG, awake and sleep.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: This awake and sleep EEG was normal. Please note that a normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy. If seizures remain a clinical concern, prolonged recording will aid in obtaining epileptiform abnormalities.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  History of stroke.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is an 80-year-old man with history of prior stroke and traumatic brain injury.
MEDICATIONS:  Alprazolam, Humulin, metformin, isosorbide, metoprolol, clonidine, levetiracetam, losartan, furosemide, nifedipine, fluoxetine, Trazodone, Plavix.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedure included photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is frontocentral beta better seen over the right hemisphere and slightly attenuated over the right hemisphere over the central parietal regions.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and sleep, stage I and stage II only.  Please note that some of the vertex waves are seen isometrically better over the right hemisphere over the right central region.
Heart rate is 48.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:
None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  Please note that the asymmetry seen over the right hemisphere is likely related to the known arachnoid cyst.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 51-year-old man who presents with history of new-onset seizure on 08/18/2013.  He reports loss of consciousness with tongue biting and postictal confusion.  He admits headache prior to event.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
INTRODUCTION:  A digital video EEG was performed in the lab using the standard international 10/20 system of electrode placement in addition to T1 and T2 electrodes and 1 channel of EKG monitoring.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.  This tracing captures wakefulness through drowsiness.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the alpha rhythm is 9-10 Hz in frequency seen in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is a small amount of low amplitude, frontal central beta activity, which is distributed symmetrically.  Drowsiness is characterized by disappearance of the alpha rhythm, slowing of the background, and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact.  Hyperventilation results in symmetric slowing of the background.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in no driving response.  Heart rate was 80 beats per minute and regular.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness through drowsiness.  No epileptiform abnormalities were captured in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are a clinical concern, a repeat EEG capturing deeper stages of sleep or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizure.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 39-year-old man with history of hypertension who presents to us with a single seizure described as shaking and loss of consciousness, stating that he took about 4 Tylenol because he could not sleep and he was drinking alcohol.
MEDICATIONS:  Metoprolol and amlodipine.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.
Activating procedures, including hyperventilation, revealed no abnormal discharges.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Seizures:  None.
Heart rate:  72
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  32 year old man with a history of TBI in 1998, admitted after having an episode of tonic-clonic seizure, brought to the emergency department where he had another seizure and confusion.
MEDICATIONS:  Pantoprazole, Depakote
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  The patient's impedances were inappropriate, specifically in the occipital electrodes which caused some multi-electrode artifact.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that appears to reach 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient had some normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures did not produce any abnormal discharges.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep, stage I/stage II.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:
One single sharp transient maximal at F3 seen in the recording while drowsy.
Occasional small amplitude sharp spikes seen at T3, only in stage I sleep, although not seen over T2.  The morphology is most consistent with benign epileptiform transients of sleep (BETS).
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal limited EEG with one suspicious left frontal sharp transient and BETS.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  The significance of the left frontal sharp transient is unclear.  A repeated recording should be performed.  Particularly in this patient where the impedances and the quality of the recording was poor, it should be repeated free of charge.  The BETS are benign and do not indicate a high correlation with an epileptogenic focus in that region.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 60-year-old right-handed gentleman who presents with several episodes of passing out with no urinary incontinence or tongue biting.
MEDICATIONS:  Unknown.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in the lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with one channel of EKG.  Photic stimulation was performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the alpha rhythm is 8.5 Hz to 9 Hz seen in the occipital region, which attenuated with eye opening.  There is a small amount of low amplitude frontal central beta activity, which is distributed symmetrically.  Stage 1 sleep is characterized by disappearance of the alpha rhythm, slowing of the background, and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact as well as the presence of vertex sharp waves and POSTS.  The stage 2 sleep is characterized by the presence of K complexes and sleep spindles.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate was 60 beats per minute and regular.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness through stage 2 sleep.  No epileptiform abnormalities or seizures were identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are of clinical concern, a repeat EEG or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  52 year old right handed woman with a chief complaint of vertigo with a concern for possible seizure.
MEDICATIONS:  Meclizine.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Rule out seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures, including photic stimulation and hyperventilation, were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm at 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening and symmetric.  There is a normal amount of frontal central beta seen diffusely throughout the recording.  The patient appears to go into stage I and stage II sleep and that has been recorded by showing the POSTS and K-complexes throughout the recording.  Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, showed no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Note:  A normal EEG does not exclude the possibility of seizures.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episode of loss of consciousness.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 32 -year-old woman who is 26 weeks pregnant and episode of feeling hot, sating down, loss of consciousness, urinary incontinence, opening eyes with blank stare and no responsiveness.  Back to baseline in less than 1 minutes.  The patient has been nauseous with this pregnancy.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
MEDICATIONS:  Zofran.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation only.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.   Activating procedures included photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
HEART RATE:  60.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  53 year old right handed male with history of episodes of loss of consciousness, history of seizures, depression and GERD.
MEDICATIONS:  Famotidine, Risperidone, Sertraline, Ferrous Sulfate.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Possible seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using  standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Continuous blinking artifact almost throughout the whole recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and stage 1 sleep.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  21 year old right handed female with a history of seizures, migraines, and recent seizure change from just generalized tonic-clonic seizures to staring, also anxiety and frequent migraines.
MEDICATIONS:  Topamax
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed  in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz and is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 72 year old right handed man with history of seizures presented today.  He was in bed with episode of feeling lightheaded, fell to the floor.  Last seizure 10 years ago.  He had stopped Dilantin 3 months ago on his own.  He has diabetes and intracerebral hemorrhage in 2011 and hypertension.
MEDICATIONS:  Diovan, HCTZ, Oxycodone, Insulin.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedure of photic stimulation was performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and stage I sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation which produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---

CLINICAL HISTORY: 80 year old rig hit handed gentleman with heart disease, COPD,
syncope, and several episodes of loss of consciousness. This is his fourth EEG.
MEDICATIONS: Keppra, Lisinopril, Warfarin, Simvastatin, levetiracetam, ASA
INTRODUCTION: Digital video EEG was performed in Jab using standard 10-20
system of electrode placement with 1channel of EKG. Photic stimulation is performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD: In wakefulness, the background EEG is
appropriately organized for an adult of this age. In wakefulness, there is an 11-Hz alpha
rhythm with a generous amount of low voltage frontocentral beta activity. Occasional
right or left temporal theta is noted. Features of drowsiness include anterior spread of
alpha rhythm and an increase in beta. Photic stimulation elicits a driving response
bilaterally.
HR: 72bpm
IMPRESSION: EEG within normal limits for an adult of this age.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: This individual has had normal EEG's with this EEG,
2009, 2008. His last abnormal EEG was In 2006. Despite the report of multiple
episodes with loss of consciousness and a tonic clonic seizure in November 2006, none
of the EEG's have ever demonstrated epileptiform activity.




---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
ORIGINAL
CLINICAL HISTORY: 70-year-old man with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and a stroke with left-sided weakness who presents with new onset episode of shaking
and confusion.
MEDICATIONS: Keppra, Lopressor.
REASON FOR STUDY: Seizure.
INTRODUCTION: Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior addition of temporal and single lead EKG electrodes.
The recording was performed in wakefulness. Activity procedure including photic
stimulation was performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: Mild increased temporalis muscle artifact seen
frequently in the recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD: The record opens to a awake EEG with a posterior dominant rhythm. Database reaches g Hz with normal frontocentral beta. No sleep is
recorded. Activity procedures reveal no abnormal discharges which included photic
stimulation.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES: none
SEIZURES: None.
IMPRESSION: Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: no seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  repeated recording with deeper stages would aid in eliciting epileptiform discharges.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 35-year-old female with history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, started at age 6 and bifrontal headache.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were completed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the alpha rhythm is 9 to 9.5 Hz in frequency seen in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is a small amount of low amplitude frontocentral beta activity, which is distributed symmetrically.  Drowsiness is characterized by disappearance of the alpha rhythm, slowing of the background, and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact.  Hyperventilation results in symmetric slowing of the background.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate is 65 beats per minute and regular.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness, drowsiness.  No epileptiform abnormalities or seizures are identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are a clinical concern, a repeat EEG capturing deeper stages of sleep or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  42 year old female with history of seizures, presents with episode of shaking and falling.  She is unaware that she is shaking and there is no loss of consciousness.  Last episode of shaking today.
MEDICATIONS:  Levothroid
REASON FOR STUDY:  Convulsions.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and limited sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures produced no normal discharges and photic driving does produce nice normal driving.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.  However, there is a single sharp transient with a bifrontal field which is suspicious, but not clearly pathologic seen only once during the recording.
SEIZURES:  None
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and limited sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   The single sharp transient seen may be better defined with prolonged recording capturing longer and deeper stages of sleep.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 33-year-old woman with a history of seizures since May 2012 mainly during sleep with tongue biting and postictal confusion.  Denies bowel or bladder incontinence.  Last seizure in September 2012.  On 06/28/2013 had a seizure in her sleep.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness, stage 1 and stage 2 sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Heart rate:  84.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 50-year-old woman with seizures for a year described as generalized tonic-clonic shaking and tongue biting with postictal confusion.  Last seizure was on the June 23, 2013, has also had involuntary movements.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and stage 1 and stage 2 sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness, stage 1 and stage 2 sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
Heart rate 90.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Change in mental status.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 34-year-old woman with worsening speech difficulties, trembling in the upper extremities, vertigo, generalized weakness for 2 to 3 weeks with a past medical history of hypertension, hyperglycemia, gastric bypass surgery and spinal stenosis.
MEDICATIONS:  Depakote, tramadol, Neurontin, insulin, vitamins.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were not performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is some frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation produced no abnormal discharges.  Again, the patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage 1 sleep, although sleep is limited during the recording.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
HEART RATE:  78.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.   No seizures or epileptiform activity was seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Memory loss.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 45-year-old woman with recent loss and headache with a previous history of open heart surgery.
MEDICATIONS:  Aspirin, and other medications.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with the additional anterior temporal and  single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded only during wakefulness.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  There is frequent T4 artifact for the first half of the recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation and produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient was recorded only in wakefulness, but sleep was attempted.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that this EEG was only captured in wakefulness.  If the concern for epilepsy remains a repeat EEG with capturing deeper stages of sleep may help in confirming your diagnosis.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
TYPE OF STUDY:  Routine EEG capture wakefulness and drowsiness.
DIAGNOSIS:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 28-year-old left-handed man, presents with history of seizures, started 7 years ago.  He had been seizure free for 2 years.  He noted increase in seizure frequency recently attributed to increasing stress at job.  His episodes are described as grand mal seizures.  His last seizure was 09/17/2012.
MEDICATIONS:  The patient's medications include Depakote.
INTRODUCTION:  A digital EEG was performed in lab using the standard international 10-20 system of electrode placement in addition to 1 channel of EKG monitoring.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.  This tracing captures wakefulness through drowsiness.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the alpha rhythm is 10 Hz in frequency 30-40 microvolt in amplitude seen the occipital region which attenuates with eye opening.  There is a small amount of low amplitude frontocentral beta activity which is distributed symmetrically.  Hyperventilation results in symmetric slowing of the background activity.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies resulting in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate is 70 beats per minute and regular.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness through drowsiness.  No epileptiform abnormalities were identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are a clinical concern, a repeat EEG capturing deeper stages of sleep or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  24 year old right handed woman with witnessed seizure.  The patient states that she has left upper extremity numbness, followed by generalized shaking with loss of consciousness.  She had a history of seizure, but none for 10 years.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin and Ativan.
REASON FOR EEG:  Seizure.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed at bedside using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and EKG electrodes and a single EKG electrode.  Limited wakefulness and sleep is recorded.  Activating procedures photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a mainly sleep recording.  In limited wakefulness there could be a posterior dominant rhythm that at best reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  Some increase in mild frontal central beta seen.
Sleep is recorded in stage I and stage II at one point there is a short period of rapid eye movement in sleep is seen.  Activating procedures produces no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal sleep EEG with limited wakefulness.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This EEG was with limited wakefulness reveals no abnormal discharges.  No seizures or epileptiform activity were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 45 year old right handed male with depression, cerebral palsy status post aneurysmal clipping and a tonic clonic seizure.
MEDICATIONS: Zoloft, Dilantin, Norvasc
INTRODUCTION: Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel EKG. There is no mention of a craniotomy deformity. This is an awake record with photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD: In wakefulness there is a 10 Hertz alpha rhythm with generous low voltage frontal central beta. Significant electrode artifact is noted in the right temporal region. Features of drowsiness include an increase in beta with vertex waves. Photic stimulation elicits bilateral driving.
HR: 78 bpm
IMPRESSION: Normal EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: No epileptiform features are identified. Consideration for an abnormality in the skull given the findings described above is suggested although none was reported by the tech. If epilepsy is an important consideration a repeat study capturing deeper stages of sleep is suggested.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation only.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin.
HISTORY:  This 60-year-old woman presented with history of seizures, admitted on 7/19/2013 due to two seizures described as tonic-clonic with postictal confusion and tongue biting.  There may be a possibility of alcohol withdrawal and her seizures started five years ago.  The patient states that she is compliant with medication.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a diffuse and excessive amount of frontocentral beta seen throughout diffusely, but mainly frontocentrally.  The patient is recording during wakefulness, stage 1 and stage 2.  Activating procedures include photic stimulation.  There were no abnormal discharges, but photic stimulation did produce some nice photic driving.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Heart rate:  72.
Seizures:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that the excessive beta may be due, at least in part, to medication effect, such as the use of benzodiazepines or barbiturates.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  51 year old right handed woman with history of headaches and an episode of unresponsive and a car accident and possible seizures, here for classification.
MEDICATIONS:  Depakote.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness, stage 1 and stage 2 sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  41 year old right handed male with history of osteopenia and seizures since age 12, now comes for seizure therapy.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra, Nabumetone, Miralax, Alendronate, Dilantin, Os-Cal.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and sleep, stage 1.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizure.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 27-year-old woman who fell with loss of consciousness on April 17, 2013.  She had foaming of the mouth and said she was having a feeling like she wants to pass out.  While sleeping, she has jerks and sweats.
MEDICATIONS:  Flexeril, Motrin.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage I sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  Please note that throughout the recording she has prominent nystagmoid eye movements.
Abnormal discharges:  None.  Please note that she does have some intermittent bursts of diffuse alpha discharge, frequency of bursts seen diffusely, which appear to be most consistent with a burst of drowsiness.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 57-year-old woman with seizures since 2009.  She complains of headache and falls during the event.
MEDICATIONS:  The patient does not remember.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Some T3 electrode artifact.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.  The patient is only recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.
Heart rate 84.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  51 year old right handed man with a history of lung cancer and seizures with loss of consciousness who started having seizures after having radiation for lung cancer described as shaking and loss of consciousness and also complains of dizziness when he bends over.
MEDICATIONS:  Advair, Proventil, Prednisone, Roxicodone, Prilosec, Metformin, Senna
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION: Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with an additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded while awake and drowsy.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta.  Patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  23 year old man with history of seizures since age 7, here for evaluation of seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin and Depakote.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a nicely formed posterior dominant rhythm at 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and stage I sleep.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  21 year old left handed man with acute change in mental status, status post a football injury with 2 seizures recently.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizure.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed at bedside using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 to 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient is recording during wakefulness and sleep.  No activating procedures were performed.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  27 year old right handed woman with seizures versus nonepileptic seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Zonisamide, Topamax.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel EKG.   Hyperventilation and photic stimulation are performed.  This is an awake and sleep record.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In wakefulness, the background EEG is well organized with a 10 Hz 50 mV alpha rhythm and a small amount of low voltage frontal central beta. Brief fragments of stage I sleep include vertex waves, followed by arousal.
Photic stimulation is performed as the patient is starting to transition in and out of sleep and does not significantly activate the record. Hyperventilation produces a small increase in amplitude of the background.
HR:    66 bpm
IMPRESSION:  Normal EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No epileptiform features were observed.  Sleep deprivation might produce the changes described above.
LONG TERM MONITORING - # 12-72 ��� 06/19/2012 to 06/20/2012
INTRODUCTION:  Continuous video EEG was performed in the unit using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with one channel of EKG.  The patient recalls 3 episodes.  The first is on the 19th at noon where she felt a little startled.  The second was at 10 p.m. where she felt a mini aura characterized by tingling sensation on her face.  She did not recall an episode at 5:25, although she did push the button for a tingling sensation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  Random wakefulness and sleep includes a well-organized 10 Hz alpha rhythm with a small amount of low-voltage frontocentral beta activity.
Event time 11:22:  There is a burst of rhythmic left temporal theta delta with frequency evolution.  This is 5 seconds in duration.  There is no push button at that time.
Event time 5:25:20 p.m.:   A burst of rhythmic theta, frequency was subtle, frequency evolution lasting only 3 seconds.  Thirty seconds later the patient reports the mini-aura which she no longer recalled.
Event time 9:58 p.m.  No abnormalities on the EEG were identified at that time.
Event time10:25 a.m.:  There was another burst lasting 4 seconds in duration in the morning on the 20th which is similar to the 2 prior bursts.   No clinical features were recalled.
HR:    60 bpm
INTERVAL IMPRESSION:  There are 3 bursts of rhythmic theta from the left temporal region with frequency evolution.  These are concerning as a potential interictal epileptiform discharge.  They may also be clinically significant with the mini-auras that the patient experienced.
LONG TERM MONITORING - # 12- 72 ��� 06/20/2012 TO 06/21/2012
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In wakefulness there is a well defined 10 Hz alpha rhythm.  This is a sleep deprived record.  Around 10:00 p.m. the patient seems to be trying to stay up.  The EEG demonstrates small EPOCHS where the patient seems to be drowsy.   Stage II sleep includes vertex waves, K-complexes, and spindles. The data is reviewed for the clinical symptoms that the patient experienced, but no epileptiform features are identified.
HR:    66 bpm
LONG TERM MONITORING - # 12-72 ��� 06/21/2012 TO 06/22/2012
INTRODUCTION:  Continuous video EEG monitoring was performed using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with one channel EKG.  The patient reported an aura at 8 p.m. on the 21st.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In wakefulness, there is a 10 Hz alpha rhythm.  Around 8 p.m., the patient is noted to transition in and out of stage 2 sleep, waking up and falling back asleep.  Fragments of deeper stages of sleep are noted overnight.
No electrographic seizures were identified.  The seizure and spike detector did not identify any other epileptiform abnormalities.
Event time 11:55:  The patient pushes the button at 11:56:12 stating that she feels as if she is about to have an aura.  She puts her hand to her chest and later appears to be tearful.  The EEG is awake at this time.  No epileptiform features were noted.   For her 8:00 p.m. the patient reported symptoms that her throat was closing with the seizure.

HR:    60 bpm
IMPRESSION:  Continuous digital video EEG monitoring session was remarkable for:
3 bursts of rhythmic, paroxysmal theta, all less than 4 seconds in duration, but with frequency evolution.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This patient's clinical symptoms did not appear to be associated with well-defined epileptiform abnormalities.  On one day, however, there were discharges which appear epileptiform in nature.  While this patient did not have any of her larger spells with head turning, a feeling as if her throat was closing or impairment of awareness, this record does not exclude a diagnosis and clinically, diagnosis may be considered.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 23-year-old woman with refractory epilepsy who presents for seizure classification and for surgical evaluation.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead  EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a diffuse posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures produce no abnormal discharges.
Heart rate 66.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  21 year old right handed man with a history of seizures since age 8, last one in February with onset of tightness the legs with intermittent tonoclonic shaking and babbling that starts and stops, bladder incontinence, anxiety, bipolar depression, OCD, memory problems, and iron deficiency.
MEDICATIONS:  Depakote, Seroquel, Citalopram, Celexa
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with the addition of anterior temporal single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness. Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Some movement throughout the recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening. There is normal frontocentral beta. Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges. During the recording there was intermittent frontal alpha rhythm that occurs on 2 occasions for seconds without benign appearance. Also, during the recording the patient had jerks of the neck and one time shakes his right arm for a second without an EEG correlate.
SEIZURES:  None.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  45 year old male with history of seizures since childhood presents with last seizure in August 2011, now is getting episodes where he feels doom and shaky.
MEDICATIONS:  Carafate, Keppra, Tramadol, Omeprazole, Vitamins.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures, including photic stimulation and hyperventilation, were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage I sleep.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  A normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 47-year-old woman with history of complex partial seizures, headaches and staring spells.
MEDICATIONS:  Vimpat and Lyrica.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10-11 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is excessive beta throughout the recording.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation, produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
Heart rate 60.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that the excessive beta may be at least in part due to medication effect.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 64-year-old man with seizures since March 23, 2013, described as yelling, shaking, eye rolling, foaming at the mouth and confused after the event which lasted 3 to 4 minutes with associated tongue biting and incontinence.  He has a history of diabetes.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra, lisinopril, Norvasc.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 system of electrode with the addition of anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
Technical difficulties:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation posed no abnormal discharges.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Seizures:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
Heart rate:  72.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---

REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode. The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedure included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
MEDICATION:  Keppra.
HISTORY:  A 52-year-old man with history of seizures with jerking and loss of consciousness.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures included hypoventilation, photic stimulation and produced no abnormal discharges.
Abnormality Discharges:  None.
Heart rate:  84.  Please note that there is frequent premature ventricular complexes seen throughout the recording almost every other heartbeat.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizure or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note the EKG changes noted in the heart rate.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  87 year old right handed male with a history of CAD, CHF, diabetes, hypertension, prostate cancer, who presents with episodes of loss of consciousness while sitting in a chair where after becoming unresponsive started picking at clothes, talking, and is confused.  This is the fourth episode in 6 months.
MEDICATIONS:  Metformin, Keppra, Insulin, Digoxin, Hydralazine
REASON FOR STUDY:  Rule out seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with 1 anterior temporal electrodes and EKG electrodes.  Wakefulness and sleep was recorded.  Photic stimulation was performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm at 9-10 Hz with an amplitude of 20-60 mV which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontal central beta.  Sleep is characterized by stage I and II. Photic stimulation reveals no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Note:  A normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy.
__________________________





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Generalized epilepsy.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 26-year-old man with symptomatic generalized epilepsy.  Follow-up EEG.
MEDICATIONS:  Lamictal, Zyprexa, Celexa.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with the addition of anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness, stage 1 and stage 2 sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness, stage 1 and stage 2 sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  Hyperventilation also did not produce any abnormal discharges.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Seizures:  None.
Heart rate:  78.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 36-year-old woman with a history of seizures since age 12, seizure-free for 3 years, there was a change in medication last Sunday.
MEDICATIONS:  Lamictal and Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode system with anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient has normal frontal central beta.  She is recorded during wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
Heart rate 96.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  21 year old right handed female with a history of mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, ataxia, and spasms, as well as seizures, has frequent seizures once or twice a month.
MEDICATIONS:  Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 to 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is some frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed and revealed no abnormal discharges.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and sleep.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  A 51-year-old man with depression presents after possible seizure.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 51-year-old man with history of depression presents after an episode of seizure, found on the floor.
MEDICATIONS:  Hydralazine, lorazepam, and Lovenox.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using a standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded while awake and sleep, stage I and stage II.  Activating procedures were not performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  There was a continuously seen overriding 60 Hz artifact which is eliminated partly with the notch filter, however, presents clear identification of all the wave forms in the EEG.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz when awake and has some frontal central beta.  No activating procedures were performed.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and stage I and stage II sleep.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None clearly seen.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Limited normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This limited EEG in wakefulness and sleep is normal, however, note that the overriding artifact required a notch filter to be used for review of the EEG and all the wave forms cannot be clearly identified as factual. Repeated EEG addressing this issue may be helpful if the clinical diagnosis or epilepsy and seizures is a concern.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  58 year old right handed man with a history of seizure disorder, onset at age 33.  His last seizure was in 2010 with a generalized tonic-clonic seizure and postictal confusion.  The patient stated that he was seizure-free for 24 years and recently had loss of smelling and taste on March 20, 2012.  The patient also has a past medical history significant for atrial fibrillation.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin, Topamax, Tylenol, Motrin.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Evaluation for seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed at bedside using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and stage I and II sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm at 9 to 10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta seen throughout the recording.  The patient appears to go into stage I and II sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that the absence of seizure or epileptiform discharges on EEG does not exclude the possibility of clinical seizures.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  22 year old left handed man, presenting with a history of new onset seizures 2 to 3 years ago.  The patient has an aura of lightheadedness.  The last seizure was on February 29, 2012, an episode of tonic-clonic activity with loss of consciousness lasting about 6 to 7 minutes.  The patient stated that he returned to baseline after the seizure in a few minutes.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using the standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opened to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm at 9 to 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is an excessive amount of frontocentral beta seen diffusely throughout the recording.  The patient appeared to go into stage I and II sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that an excessive amount of beta can be seen with the use of barbiturates or benzodiazepine or anxiety.  For this patient, with uncontrolled epilepsy, a sleep-deprived EEG may be beneficial.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  38 year old right handed female with epilepsy since childhood.  The patient states she was in a coma for 8 months.  Last seizure about 3 weeks ago.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin.
REASON FOR EEG:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness.  Activating procedures, included hyperventilation, but photic stimulation could not be performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening and closing.  The normal frontal central beta is seen.  No sleep is captured. Hyperventilation produces no abnormal discharges.  Photic stimulation could not be finished due to the patient saying that it may precipitate seizures and did not want to have it.  During the recording while the patient closes her eyes there is side to side movements of the eyes consistent with nystagmus movements.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizure or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  25 year old right handed female with episode of shaking, increased heart rate, rapid breathing followed by left arm shaking which progressed to the whole body.  The patient awake and aware of the episode.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior temporal single lead EEG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.

TECHNICAL DIFFICULTY:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation produced no abnormal discharges, however, see below for photic stimulation.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
EVENTS:  During photic stimulation, the patient started having slow movements of her head side to side then started twitching her upper extremities and moving her body towards the right side and appeared to be unresponsive to commands.  This episode lasted for a period of about 40 seconds and then she remained with her eyes closed and appeared to be slightly more responsive.  Minutes later, photic stimulation was performed again after she had opened her eyes and appeared to have followed commands.  At that point she started jerking her left shoulder slowly, then trembling her upper extremities and again falling towards the right side of the seat.  This second episode lasted for about approximately a minute and 20 seconds.  During both episodes, the EEG revealed a normal awake background with no epileptiform abnormalities and no EEG correlate to this behavior described above.
IMPRESSION:  Normal EEG with two episodes of shaking during photic stimulation with no EEG correlate.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG with no seizures or epileptiform discharges.  The episodes captured above had no EEG correlate and are consistent with nonepileptic events.  No seizure.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is an 85-year-old woman with episodes of transient confusion with a past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and TIAs.
MEDICATIONS:  Procardia, aspirin, Zocor, and heparin.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and stage I sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
Heart rate 72.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG for the patient's age.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.
__________________________





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  42 year old right handed male with history of aortic aneurysm, hypertension, asthma, who presents for aortic root replacement.
MEDICATIONS:  Motrin, Amlodipine, Lisinopril, Albuterol.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Pre-operative for aortic bypass.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures were not performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  There is some electrode artifact seen in the frontal regions which the electrodes are F8 and F7.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm, 9-10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontal central beta.  Activating procedures were not performed.   The patient was recorded in wakefulness and stage I sleep.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:   None.
SEIZURES:   None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  86 year old right handed male with past medical history of hypertension, pacemaker, severe small vessel disease who presents with change in mental status. He stopped talking and moving around, but gradually regained ability to move and talk with word finding difficulties.
MEDICATIONS:  Acetaminophen and Heparin.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed at bedside using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with one channel of EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation are performed.  Wakefulness and sleep was recorded.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a low voltage recording with a posterior dominant rhythm best seen at 9 hertz with is reactive to eye opening. Normal frontal central beta is seen. Sleep is characterized by stage I. activating procedures with photic stimulation revealed no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:   None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG for age.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG for age. No seizures of epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  81 year old left handed man with history of end stage renal disease, hypertension, CVA, and Parkinson's, presents with a witnessed syncopal episode on March 24, 2012 after hemodialysis.
MEDICATIONS:  Heparin, ASA, Lipitor, Levodopa, Nitroglycerin.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Syncope.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures was performed, specifically photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta.  Sleep is characterized by stage I and stage II.  Activating procedures, which is photic stimulation, produces no abnormal discharges.  There is some intermittent mild bilateral mid temporal delta.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 54 year old right handed man with a history of slurred speech and right facial droop.
MEDICATIONS:  Aspirin, Heparin, Hydralazine, Captopril, Atorvastatin.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Slurred speech and facial droop, transient.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The EEG was recorded in wakefulness and stage I sleep.  No activating procedures were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that at best reaches 9 to 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Sleep is characterized by stage I.  No activating procedures were performed.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizure or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that a normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  48 year old right handed man with hypertension who had a fall and was found to have a small hemorrhage.
MEDICATIONS:  Benicar.
REASON FOR EEG:  Possible seizure.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 to 10 Hz with an amplitude of 20 to 40 microvolts which is reactive to eye opening.  Normal frontocentral beta is seen.  The patient reaches drowsiness.  Activating procedure including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that a normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If this is still a concern, further testing with deeper stages of sleep may be helpful in confirming a diagnosis.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 22-year-old woman with history of cerebral palsy, epilepsy, ataxia, spasms, and seizures described as staring and unresponsive for 1 minute with a frequency of 1-2 per month, now seems to have a slight increment with her monthly cycle, this is a followup EEG.
MEDICATIONS:  Lamotrigine and Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Some movement and electrode artifact in wakefulness.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and sleep, stage 1 and stage II.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
HEART RATE:  66.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
LENGTH OF RECORDING:  Nearly 28 minutes.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  The patient is a 48-year-old man who presented with an episode of right hand numbness followed by lightheadedness, fall (without self injury), and generalized shaking that the patient recalls.  As the shaking progresses, the patient loses consciousness, and subsequently is confused upon awakening.
MEDICATIONS:  No antiseptic medications.  Aspirin, Zofran, oxycodone, and others.
INTRODUCTION:  The recording was performed according to the standard 10-20 system with additional T1 and T2 electrodes and a single EKG lead.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The posterior dominant rhythm is consistent with well-formed and modulated 9-9.5 Hz alpha activity that attenuates with eyes opening.  There is an anterior-to-posterior frequency amplitude gradient with faster frequencies at lower amplitudes anteriorly.  During drowsiness posterior dominant rhythm attenuates, and bursts of diffuse theta are observed.  No stage II sleep is captured.  Hyperventilation is performed with good effort and produces a mild diffuse symmetrical background slowing.  Stepped photic stimulation induces symmetrical occipital driving at medium to high flash frequencies.  A single EKG lead demonstrates frequent abnormal QRS complexes.
FINDINGS:
No epileptiform discharges.
No stage II sleep.
Abnormal QRS complexes seen on the single EKG lead.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy 28-minute EEG.  No epileptiform discharges were captured, however, stage II sleep was not recorded. If clinical indications for seizures still persist, a repeat study with stage II sleep may be of benefit.  Frequent abnormal QRS complexes are observed on the single EKG lead.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 20-year-old female with history of migraines, who presents with first onset of seizure on August 13, 2012, with aura.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in the lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with one-channel EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the alpha rhythm is 11-12 Hz seen in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is a small amount of low amplitude frontocentral beta activity, which is distributed symmetrically.  Stage 1 sleep is characterized by disappearance of the alpha rhythm, slowing of the background, and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact, as well as the presence of vertex sharp transients and POSTS.  Stage 2 sleep is characterized by the presence of K complexes, sleep spindles, and POSTS.  Hyperventilation results in symmetric slowing of the background.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate is 60 beats per minute and regular.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness through stage 2 sleep.  No epileptiform abnormalities or seizures are identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG, does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are a clinical concern, a repeat EEG or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  52 year old male with diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac stent in 2002, angioplasty in 1995, who presents with an episode of headache, vertigo, and loss of consciousness with color intensity.  Also noted were right upper extremity twitching.
MEDICATIONS:  Aspirin, Rosuvastatin, Lisinopril, Atenolol, HCTZ, Tramadol, Insulin, Metformin.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Headache.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  T4 impedance artifacts were noted.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement system with anterior temporal leads and EKG.  Stages seen were awake, stage I and II sleep.  Activating procedures were done including hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The EEG opens up to a posterior dominant rhythm of 10 Hz with 20-40 mV.  It is symmetric and reactive to eye opening.  There were frontal central beta rhythm seen.  Sleep stage I and II sleep were seen with normal architecture. Hyperventilation did not produce any abnormal discharges. Photic stimulation did not produce any abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None
SEIZURES:  None
IMPRESSION:  Normal EEG with limited wakefulness.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  Normal EEG with no epileptiform activity noted.  There was decreased latency during sleep with snoring, which may indicate possible sleep disorder.  Clinical correlation recommended.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizure.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 25-year-old man with a history of Sturge Weber syndrome and seizure a month ago described as flashing lights and mild facial twitch, episodes from 1-2 minutes.
MEDICATIONS:  Tegretol and Lamictal.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode system with anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Continuous T3 electrode artifact seen throughout the recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness, and stage I and stage II.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
Heart rate 66.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG, no seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that no right occipital focal slowing was seen during this EEG, which was noted on the previous EEG.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  The patient is a 35-year-old right-handed man with a history of migraines, presents with sharp pain in the back of his head, and eyes lasting all day.  He denies any seizure activity for the past 2 months.
MEDICATIONS:  Phenytoin, Topamax, and Bactrim.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG is performed in the lab/bedside using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with one channel of EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the alpha rhythm, 9.5-10 Hz of which in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is low amplitude diffuse beta-activity, which is distributed symmetrically, stage 1 sleep is characterized by disappearance of alpha rhythm, slowing of the background and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact, as well as the presence of vertex sharp waves and posts and stage 2 sleep is characterized by the presence of K complexes and sleep spindles.  Hyperventilation results in symmetrical slowing of the background, and photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate is 80 beats per minute.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness through stage 2 sleep.  No epileptiform abnormalities were identified in this recording.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  A normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy if seizures are a clinical concern, a repeat EEG or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.  The presence of diffuse beta-activity is indicated of anxiety or hyperthyroidism or it could be due to barbiturate or benzodiazepines.  Clinical correlation is recommended.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  61 year old male status post fall, who had been drinking and felt dizzy, spinning, and fell, with a past medical history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, head trauma, seizures, the last one 3 years ago.
MEDICATIONS:  Percocet, Serax, Dilantin, Lovenox, Coreg, Vitamin, Protonix.
REASON FOR STUDY:  History of seizures and now with a fall.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures, including photic stimulation, were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening, but has a low amplitude.  There is normal frontal central beta.  The patient goes into stage I and stage II sleep.
Activating procedures, including photic stimulation, produces no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  37 year old right handed male with past medical history of seizures on February 12, 2012, while he was driving, felt hot, put down the window and head turned to the right, he vomited and had postictal confusion.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation was performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens up to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz and is reactive to eye opening.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness, stage 1 sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation revealed no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Twitching.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 32-year-old woman with complaints of twitching of the extremities for the past 2 days, sometimes it happens when she is laying down.
MEDICATIONS:  Labetalol, __________, and vitamins.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep, stage I and stage II.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
HEART RATE:  78.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
TIME OF RECORDING:  September 13, 2012 until September 14, 2012 from about 8:00 a.m. in the morning until about 8:00 a.m. the next morning.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  The patient is a 22-year-old woman with history of new onset generalized convulsions.
MEDICATIONS:  Current antiepileptic medications none.
INTRODUCTION:  This is a continuous 24-hour video EEG performed according to the standard 2010 EEG system with additional T1 and T2 electrode and a single EKG lead.  Spike detection and seizure detection system were activated.  There were also patient event button provided, as well as nursing notes and medical staff notes were reviewed as well.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The posterior dominant rhythm consists of a well formed and modulated low to moderate amplitude 10 to 10.5 Hz alpha activity that attenuates with eye opening.  There is an anterior to posterior frequency amplitude gradient with faster frequencies at lower amplitudes anteriorly.
During sleep normal sleep architecture, including sleep spindles, vertex waves, K-complexes, slow wave sleep, and REM sleep are captured.
Two typical events were captured during this recording.  They occurred at approximately 2:22:32 p.m. and approximately 2:26 p.m. on September 13, 2012.  Clinically events start with an acute onset of diffuse body shaking, arms flailing, legs kicking and flailing, as well as head shaking in all different directions with eyes closed.  This activity lasts about 50 to 60 seconds and stops suddenly with the patient listless and poorly responsive with eyes open.
The patient has another similar episode several minutes later.  This episode lasts about 30 seconds with similar post event symptoms.  The EEG background demonstrates normal awake EEG prior to the event, between the event, and following both of the events with no focal slowing and no abnormal ictal correlates.
Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were not performed.
FINDINGS:
Normal awake and sleep 24-hour video EEG.
Two events of diffuse body shaking, arms and legs flailing and kicking, captured at approximately 9:22 and 9:26 p.m. on September 13, 2012.  None of these events correlated with an abnormal ictal activity prior, during, or following the events.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal 24-hour continuous video EEG.  Two typical events of sudden diffuse arm and leg, as well as body and head, shaking, flailing, and kicking captured, lasting approximately 50 seconds and 30 seconds respectively and occurring within about 4 minutes of each other.  None of these events were associated with an abnormal ictal correlate.  These findings were conveyed to the primary team at the time of the review of the recording.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episode of loss of consciousness.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 49-year-old man who presents with a history of syncope versus seizures, fall at home with numbness in the hand and jaw, eyes rolled back, postictal confusion for 10 minutes.
MEDICATIONS:  Gabapentin and clonidine.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches that 8.5 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is some frontal central beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
HEART RATE:  78.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR EEG:  Seizure.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 46-year-old man with history of seizures or epilepsy. Follow up EEG.  Last seizure in 2010.  He is going to have a gallbladder surgery.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra, albuterol, Prilosec, and aspirin.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep, stage I and stage II.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation photic stimulation.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Heart rate: 96.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 48-year-old with a history of seizures, no seizures since 2001.
MEDICATIONS:  Trileptal.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep, stage I.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm of 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening with a normal frontocentral beta.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and stage I sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation, which revealed no abnormal discharges.
Heart rate 78.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  39 year old right handed female with a 10-year history of panic attacks, which she describes as falling down with generalized shaking and previous episode on August 28, 2011.  She complains of chest pain and left arm numbness, and the study is done to rule out seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Cyclobenzaprine, Ventolin, Tramadol, Loratadine, Lisinopril, Hydroxyzine, Diclofenac
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel of EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation are performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In wakefulness, the background EEG opens up to 9.2 Hz alpha rhythm with 2240 microvolts amplitude, which is symmetric and reactive to eye opening.  Front to central beta rhythm is seen in drowsiness.  Stage 1 and stage 2 sleep are normal.  Hyperventilation is normal and photic stimulation produces driving.  No abnormal discharges are seen.
HR:    66 bpm
IMPRESSION:  Normal EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  There are no focal epileptiform features identified in this record.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  23 year old right handed woman with a history of seizures who has a child without seizures for years, now presents with episodes of right face and head numbness as well as right leg numbness for minutes to hours.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
REASON FOR EEG:  Seizure.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional EKG and anterior temporal electrodes.  Wakefulness and sleep were recorded.  Photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 10 Hz with an amplitude of 20-70 microvolts, which is reactive to eye opening and eye closing.  There is normal frontocentral beta seen in the recording.  Sleep is characterized by stage I.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation presents no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Dizziness and passing out.
STAGES:  Awake and drowsy.
ACTIVATION PROCEDURES:  Photic stimulation was performed.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 49 -year-old male with a complaint of dizziness and episodes of passing out.  Per patient, questionable brain mass.  Past medical history of hydrocephalus, renal problems, orthostatic hypotension, diabetes and FSGS.
MEDICATIONS:  Topamax, Lexapro, pioglitazone.
TECHNICAL PROBLEMS:  There was a T3 electrode dislodgement artifact which was fixed.
INTRODUCTION:
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In wakefulness, there is a posterior dominant rhythm of 9 to 10 Hz alpha at 9 to 10 Hz frequency and 30 to 50 microvolts in amplitude.  The posterior dominant rhythm is symmetric and reactive to eye opening.  There is a good anteroposterior gradient with normal beta.
Sleep:  The patient achieved drowsiness during the record which was characterized by anterior spread of alpha and occasional vertex spikes.
There was 1 asymmetry vertex wave seen on the left hemisphere.
Hyperventilation was not performed.
Photic stimulation was performed which produced no abnormal discharges.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Seizures:  None.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: This a normal EEG. No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 57-year-old lady who came in with a change in mental status. LP showed increased WBCs.  She was transferred today for possible subarachnoid hemorrhage.  There was no subarachnoid hemorrhage in the CT scan.  Past medical history is significant for HIV, diabetes, and schizophrenia.
MEDICATIONS:  Not available.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Rule out seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed at bedside using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with one anterior temporal electrode and one EKG electrode.  Wakefulness and sleep were recorded.  Photic stimulation was performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opened to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm at 9 to 10 Hz with an amplitude of 20 to 60 microvolts, which is reactive to eye opening.  While the patient was awake, there was an almost continuous eye blinking artifact.  There is a moderate amount of frontocentral beta.  Sleep is characterized by sleep, stage I.  Photic stimulation reveals no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that a normal EEG does not exclude diagnosis of epilepsy.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 32 year old right handed female with a history of multiple strokes and a seizure presents with follow-up for seizures.
MEDICATIONS: Lamictal, ASA
REASON FOR STUDY: Seizures.

INTRODUCTION. Digital Video EEG was performed in lab using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior temporal electrodes and EKG electrodes.
Wakefulness and stage I sleep were recorded. Activating procedures with photic stimulation were performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD: The opens to a well-defined 10 to 11 Hz posterior dominant rhythm which is to eye opening. There is normal frontocentral beta activity. Activating sleep is characterized by stage I and stage II. Activating procedures including photic stimulation revealed no abnormal discharges.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: None.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES: None. Please note that there is some sharply contoured activity on the left which is likely wicket and not pathologic.
SEIZURES None.
IMPRESSION: Normal awake and sleepy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.






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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 48-year-old woman with history of episodes of a loss of consciousness since childhood.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation and hyperventilation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well formed posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.
Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, produce no abnormal discharges.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Seizures:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 53 year old right handed woman with a history of Bell's palsy, radiculopathy, migraine headaches, and events of titubation of the head. Abnormal EEG but with multiple events suggesting pseudo-seizures characterized by tremulousness without impairment of awareness.
MEDICATIONS: Albuterol, Amitriptyline, ASA, Bumetanide, Fluticasone, Furosemide, Hydrocodone, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Loperamide, Loratadine, Metformin, Omeprazole, Simvastatin, Sitagliptin
INTRODUCTION: Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel EKG. Hyperventilation and photic stimulation are performed. The patient has none of her typical spells during the EEG.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD: In wakefulness, there is a 9 Hz 40 microvolt posterior dominant rhythm. There is some EKG artifact and wicket, but no definitive epileptiform activity. Drowsiness is characterized by abundant posts with posts in vertex waves and K complexes in sleep. The patient transitions in and out of sleep. Hyperventilation produces a small amount of slowing followed by the transition to sleep. Photic stimulation is performed when the patient is drifting in and out of sleep and does not significantly activate the record.
HR: 104 bpm
IMPRESSION: Normal EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: No focal nor epileptiform features were identified in the EEG today. The majority of this patient's EEGs have been normal, but there have been some with left temporal sharp waves. Additional EEG recording to capture this patient's spells may be of use.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  New onset seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 24-year-old man with history of new onset seizures on Friday while at work.  He was walking over to the truck, stood, stare, fell, and had a generalized tonic clonic seizures with loss of consciousness and woke up in the ambulance.  He has a history of Percocet abuse.  He had not slept the night before and drank 2 energy drinks that morning.  He has a history of anxiety.
MEDICATIONS:  Lamotrigine.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is no normal frontal central beta.  Activating procedures produce no abnormal discharges.  The patient was recorded only in wakefulness.
Seizures:  None.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.
Note:  A normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy. A repeat EEG capturing deeper stages of sleep, may help in elucidating the diagnosis.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episode of loss of consciousness.
CLINICAL HISTORY: Seizure elevate CPK, alcohol withdrawal
MEDICATIONS:  Unknown
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with the addition of anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness only.  Activating procedures include hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
Heart rate 96.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 8-8.5 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is some frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness only.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 31-year-old male with a history of hypertension as well as depression and anxiety who presents with staring spells.
MEDICATIONS:  Maxalt, Percocet, Diovan, Klonopin, Restoril, Abilify.
REASON FOR EEG:  Rule out seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using in lab standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior, temporal, and EKG electrodes.  Sleep, stage I and stage II were recorded.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm of 9 to 10 Hz with a 20-60 microvolt amplitude which is reactive to eye opening.  Wakefulness and stage I and stage II sleep are recorded with normal architecture.  Photic stimulation and hyperventilation did not produce any abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizure or epileptiform discharges are seen.  Please note that a normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  18 year old right handed man with history of Becker muscular dystrophy and seizures and started having complex partial seizures described as tapping and snapping fingers lasting for seconds, first started in May and last one in July 16.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  There is continuous muscle artifact and movement artifact throughout the recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient has normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  Actually, the patient was recorded only in wakefulness.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a limited normal awake EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that the patient was moving and awake throughout the recording.  If there is still a concern for epilepsy, repeated recording capturing deeper stage of sleep will helpful in elucidating the diagnosis.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Refractory epilepsy.
STUDY DATE:  10/08/2012 to 10/12/2012, for a total of 4 days (24 hours each)
CLINICAL HISTORY:  She is a 23-year-old woman with refractory epilepsy since age 6, now with recent recurrent attacks, here for seizure classification and possible presurgical evaluation.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra was tapered off after day one.
INTRODUCTION:  A long-term EEG was performed for 24 hours using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed.  Continuous spike detection software as well as seizure detection software in addition to patient events and nurses' notes were used to review the EEG.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 to 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Events or seizures:  None reported.  No push-buttons were noted in this 4 day study
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep LTM EEG.  No events were captured.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  57 year old female transferred from Episcopal for stroke workup. The patient was found in the street wondering around and confused and talking to herself, dressed inappropriate, also she had visual hallucinations. Past medical history significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, anxiety and seizure, CVA in 05, diabetes, MVA in 2002. CT showed left frontal ischemic infarction.
MEDICATIONS:  Ativan, Haldol, Diazepam, Keppra, Xanax, Percocet, Levetiracetam, Simvastatin
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed at bedside using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with 1 channel of EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation are performed.  Wakefulness and sleep were recorded. No stimulation was performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.  Prior craniotomy scar
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opened to a very slow background of 5-6 Hz. The patient is asleep when the EEG starts. The tech tries to wake her up, there is a brief alerting with 8 Hz alpha rhythm, but wakefulness is not sustained. The majority of the EEG is stage I and stage II sleep.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  EEG within normal limits in sleep.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  Seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen. Please note that normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy. This patient's medications or acute medical condition may account for the hypersomnolence. No epileptiform features seen in prior EEG.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episodes of vertigo.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 50-year-old man with history of vertigo with loss of consciousness 1 month ago, has had tremors on both hands lasting for 10 years.  Denies any tongue biting or  bowel or bladder incontinence with the episodes.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep stage 1 and stage II.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
HEART RATE:  60.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep electroencephalogram.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Memory and concentration problems.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 32-year-old man who had a traumatic subdural hemorrhage in November of 2011, and now with memory and concentration problems and right-sided migraine headaches.
MEDICATIONS:  Cannot remember.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with the addition of anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep stage 1 and stage 2.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
EPISODES DURING THE RECORDING:  There is an episode lasting about a minute where the patient was not responsive to questions or commands.  He suddenly opened his eyes and responded to commands.  Later on, doctor came in to examine and he was answering questions slightly slow.  During the episode, he remained normal with no abnormal discharges of epileptiform activity.
HEAR RATE:  66.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that the episodes where the patient was unresponsive showed a normal awake background and no epileptiform activity was seen.  This is consistent with a nonepileptic spell of unclear etiology, possibly psychogenic.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Worsening bilateral leg weakness.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 65-year-old man with history of bilateral worsening leg weakness and history of HIV, hepatitis C, as well as bipolar disease, methadone withdrawal, and possible history of seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Percocet, aspirin, methadone, and benztropine.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures, including photic stimulation was performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record is seen mainly in sleep, however, in limited wakefulness there is a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10 Hz.  There is normal frontal central beta.  There is multiple bursts of RMTD, rhythmic mid temporal theta of drowsiness.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and sleep mainly.
Photic stimulation produces no abnormal discharges.
Abnormal discharges:  None, although there was one single focal slow wave throughout the entire recording.  This was seen in the left temporal region.
Seizures:  None.
Heart rate:  48.
IMPRESSION:  Normal EEG mainly in sleep.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal EEG mainly in sleep.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  61 year old right handed man with history of left MCA infarct, seizures, alcohol abuse, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, presents with seizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin, Protonix, Lovenox, Motrin.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that at best reaches 9 Hz and is reactive to eye opening.  The patient has an excessive amount of beta seen diffusely throughout the recording.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and sleep, stage 1 and stage 2.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produces no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were clearly seen.  Please note that the patient's excessive beta may be due to medication effect usually seen with benzodiazepine or barbiturate use.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 20-year-old female with 2 episodes of seizure-like activity.  It is described as a screaming episode followed by tonic posturing of the left extremities.  The patient has brakes and electrodes may not be in accurate place.

MEDICATIONS:  Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  The recording was performed according to the standard 10-20 system with the additional T1 and T2 electrodes and a single EKG lead.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state for the short period of time during this recording, the posterior dominant rhythm was 8.5-9 Hz in frequency  in the occipital region which attenuates with eye opening.  There is presence of generalized beta activity with symmetrical distribution.  Drowsiness, stage 1 and stage 2 sleep are predominant features of this recording and are characterized by disappearance of the posterior dominant rhythm, slowing of the background, and absence of muscle and eye blink artifact as well as the presence of vertex sharp waves, posts, K complexes, and sleep spindles.  This is a low amplitude EEG.  Hyperventilation results in no significant change in the background activity.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in no driving response.  Heart rate was at 80 beats per minute and regular.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness for a short period of time through stage 2 sleep for most part of this recording.  No epileptiform abnormalities or seizures were identified in this recording.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  Generalized beta activity could be due to medication effect including benzodiazepine, barbiturates, or could be due to anxiety or hyperthyroidism.  Clinical correlation is recommended.  No epileptiform abnormalities or seizures were seen in this recording.  This does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy.  If seizures are of clinical concern, a repeat EEG when patient is more awake is recommended.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 40-year-old man having seizures for 7 years in addition to migraines.
MEDICATIONS:  Neurontin, Lamictal
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with one channel of EKG.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record open to a PDR of 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is an excessive amount of beta seen throughout the recording.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness, stage 1, stage 2.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.  However, photic stimulation produces nice photic driving.
Heart rate:  84.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES: None
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This EEG is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that the excessive beta may be seen as part of medication effect and with the use of such as benzodiazepines or barbiturates and other medications.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
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--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  46 year old man with a history of hypertension, high cholesterol and  chronic headaches who was seen week when he had a seizure in the office described as shaking to one side when the patient was talking.
MEDICATIONS:  Neurontin, Prilosec, Procardia, Avalide
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with the addition of anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient has recorded while awake. Activating procedures included hypoventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Some movement artifact in the recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 to 10 Hz which was reactive to eye opening.  There was a normal amount of frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures produced a nice slowing response with hyperventilation and no abnormal discharges with photic stimulation.  The patient was only recorded in wakefulness.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that he had an EEG on August 30, which was also normal, but this one reached stage 2 sleep.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  43 year old left handed man with history of asthma, hypertension, kidney cancer who presents with transient episodes of confusion for about 2 hours.
MEDICATIONS:  Enalapril, Tacrolimus, Rapamune Lorazepam, Citalopram
REASON FOR EEG:  Rule out seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with one channel of EKG.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.  Wakefulness and sleep stage I and II were recorded.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm at 9 hertz with 20-70 microvolts amplitude which is reactive to eye opening. Sleep is characterized by stage I and stage II. Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation do not produce any abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





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The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  49 year old left handed man with a history of seizures versus anxiety attacks since 2008, now feeling some more frequent attacks as well as worsened depression.
MEDICATIONS:  Trazodone, Gabapentin, Propranolol, Venlafaxine, Oxcarbazepine.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures versus anxiety attacks.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in photic stimulation in wakefulness and stage I sleep.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient has no abnormal findings with photic stimulation.  He reaches stage I sleep.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:    None.
SEIZURES:    None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges are seen.  Please note that a normal EEG does not exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 42 year old right handed male with a breakthrough and
Dilantin toxicity. Active polysubstance abuse. Perinatal right frontal infarct.
MEDICATIONS: Dilantin, Depakote
INTRODUCTION: Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard
system of electrode placement with 1channel EKG. Photic stimulation was
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD: In maximum wakefulness the
somewhat slow with a 7.5 Hz alpha rhythm. In addition, there is a subtle
with disruption of faster frequency activity in the right frontocentral regions
points a beta asymmetry. There is some broadly contoured, sharply
in the right frontotemporal and centrotemporal regions as the patient drifts
POSTS are noted but are a little higher amplitude on the right compared to
Vertex waves are somewhat asynchronous. Photic stimulation is performed
patient is asleep. There is a suggestion of a driving response more so on the
the right.
HR: 90 bpm
IMPRESSION: A normal EEG due to:
1. Background disorganization and slowing.
2. Subtle focal slowing from the right hemisphere, particularly frontocentral
CLINICAL CORRELATION: This EEG supports a diffuse disturbance of
function which may e due to postictal state or metabolic encephalopathy.
features may be correlated with imaging. No definitive epileptiform features
although there is some irregular sharply contoured slowing.






---------------------
The above example was classified with label 1 but it's actual label is 0.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 53-year-old woman with seizures described as pain in the stomach, lightheadedness, foaming at the mouth, eyes rolled back, with a history of hypertension, schizophrenia, bipolar disease, anxiety, and diabetes.
MEDICATIONS:  Q-Pap, clobetasol, amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide, simvastatin, ketamine, nystatin, omeprazole, metformin, Mobic, cyclobenzaprine, Zetia, citalopram, alprazolam, zolpidem.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Continuous eye blinking and fluttering artifact seen throughout the recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness.  Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.  Note:  The patient continues to flutter her eyes throughout the entire recording, making it difficult to make any good description of the frontal patterns.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Heart rate:  84.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  35 year old right handed woman with history of migraine headaches and one seizure episode in 2011 that had an episode of loss of consciousness due to a combination of medications she was taking, denies any other events.
MEDICATIONS:  Botox, Cymbalta, Zofran, Phenergan\
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizure.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm with a frequency of 9 Hz with an amplitude of 20-70 mV, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage I sleep.
Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, were performed and revealed no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 64 year old woman with a history of seizures since she age 15, now having seizures at night, incontinent at times, postictal confusion lasting 5-10 minutes.
MEDICATIONS:  Tegretol
REASON FOR SEIZURES:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness, stage I, and stage II sleep. Activating procedures, including photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9.5 Hz and is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontal central beta.  Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, produce no abnormal discharges.  The patient reached stage I and stage II sleep.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.
__________________________





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 44-year-old woman with history of seizures since childhood, now transferred from Episcopal because of a seizure during a stress test and now having recurrent seizures of unresponsiveness.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded while awake and sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed.  Continuous spike wave detection, as well as seizure detection software, nurses events, patient's alarm events were all used to review the EEG.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient has normal frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness, stage I, stage II, and deeper stages of sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Patient events:  The patient had an event at 7:26 in the morning.  She pressed the alarm, laid in bed, and became unresponsive to any verbal or motor commands.  She continued to be unresponsive for about 3 minutes, after which the doctor came in and tested her.  She started crying and appeared to be slow to answer commands, but finally ended up answering commands.  She continued crying during this event.  During the entire event there was no abnormal EEG findings and remained as a normal awake EEG.
Seizures:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  The patient's event in which she was unresponsive had no EEG correlate.  As such, it is consistent with the diagnosis of nonepileptic psychogenic event.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Rule out seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 33-year-old woman with a history of hyperlipidemia, depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety who presented to the hospital after having a tingling sensation in the toes, fingers and mouth, and later had urinary incontinence.
MEDICATIONS:  Atropine, lorazepam, Lovenox, Zoloft, Klonopin.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement with the addition of anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is an excessive amount of frontocentral beta seen diffusely throughout the recording.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform activity was seen.  The excessive beta noted during the recording may be seen in relation to medications like benzodiazepines or barbiturates.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 36-year-old woman with a history of seizures since age 12, seizure-free for 3 years, there was a change in medication last Sunday.
MEDICATIONS:  Lamictal and Keppra.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode system with anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient has normal frontal central beta.  She is recorded during wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.  Activating procedures produce no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
Heart rate 96.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  55 year old right handed man with a history of right-sided stiffening at work, but now able to communicate with chest pain, with a past medical history of hypertension, arthritis, coronary artery disease, prostate cancer in remission, head trauma 30 years ago with loss of consciousness.
MEDICATIONS:  Percocet, Procardia, ASA, Hydroxyzine, Clonazepam, Omeprazole
REASON FOR STUDY:  Possible seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with the addition of anterior temporal single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation and hyperventilation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded only in wakefulness.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episode of unresponsiveness.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 38-year-old man, found unresponsive and complaining of sharp pain in the right flank and breathing difficulties with agonal breathing into the ED.  He vomited and then had a seizure.  UDS positive for oxycodone, opiates and cannabinoids.
MEDICATIONS:  Lovenox.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record appears to reveal a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is also reactive to eye opening.  The patient is recorded mainly in sleep, stage 1 and stage 2.  Activating procedures were not performed.  Please note that the patient does easily drowse off throughout the entirety of the recording.  There is an excessive amount of beta throughout the recording.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
Heart rate 100.
IMPRESSION:  Normal EEG mainly in sleep.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal EEG mainly in sleep.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that the excessive beta may be due at least in part to medication effects sometimes seen with benzodiazepine or barbiturates.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  57 year old right handed man with a history of hyperlipidemia, memory loss, and dizziness, who presents to the lab with an episode of memory loss for 2 to 3 days.  It started 10 years ago.  The last one was a month ago.
MEDICATIONS:  Topamax, Zocor, Lisinopril
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episodes of loss of consciousness, possible seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation and hyperventilation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 to 10 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a nice amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and stage I sleep.  Activating procedures produce no clear abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:   No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  The patient is a 19-year-old woman with a history of several concussions in 2010 and 2011.  She now presents with left shoulder pain and numbness, twitching followed left arm spasms as well as full body spasms.
MEDICATIONS:  Benadryl, Reglan, Toradol, lorazepam, amitriptyline.
CONDITION OF THE RECORDING:  The recording was performed according to the standard 10-20 system with additional T1 and T2 electrode and a single EKG lead.    Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were  performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORDING:  The posterior dominant rhythm consists of well formed and modulated 12 Hz alpha activity that attenuates with eyes opening.  There is an anterior to posterior frequency amplitude gradient with faster frequencies at lower amplitudes anteriorly.  Excess beta is present.  During sleep vertex waves, sleep spindles, K complexes and POSTS (positive occipital sharp transients of sleep) are captured.  Additionally, several diffuse body jerks are captured during drowsiness and sleep.  These are associated with brief EMG artifacts seen on the scalp EEG.  Hyperventilation is performed with poor effort and produces no significant change in the background.  Step photic stimulation induces symmetrical photic driving at medium range flash frequencies.  A regular heart rhythm with a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute is captured on the EKG.
FINDINGS:
No epileptiform discharges.
Stage II sleep.
Several diffuse body jerks during drowsiness and sleep without an abnormal interictal correlate.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal awake and sleep 26 minute EEG.  The lack of epileptiform discharges on a routine EEG does not preclude the clinical diagnosis of epilepsy.  Several diffuse body jerks were captured during drowsiness and sleep.  These were associated only with a brief diffuse EMG artifact seen on the scalp EEG.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Questionable seizure.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 51-year-old man with hepatitis C, cirrhosis, depression, diabetes, and alcohol abuse, admitted for hyperglycemia with an episode of bilateral posturing with eyes open.
MEDICATIONS:  Metformin, Protonix, lisinopril, diltiazem, Xerac, furosemide, spironolactone, lorazepam as needed.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep, stage I and stage II.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a nice amount of frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation produce no abnormal discharges.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and stage I and stage II sleep.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Seizures:  None.
Heart rate:  72, regular.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and asleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  73 year old right handed male with hypertension, valve replacement in 1995 and aortic valve replacement and aortic dissection, preop for OR.
MEDICATIONS:  Hydralazine, Protonix, Clonidine, Atorvastatin, Cardene.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Preop for OR
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed at bedside using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  No activating procedures were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient goes into stage 1/stage 2 sleep. No activating procedures were performed.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.  Please note that this recording is mainly in sleep.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  47 year old left female with alcohol abuse, hyperlipidemia, Alzheimer's dementia, and hypertension presents with  altered mental status.
MEDICATIONS:  Serax.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Altered mental status.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with interior and anterior temporal single lead EKG electrodes. The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included:  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Some movement artifact throughout the recording.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  There is an excessive amount of beta seen throughout the recording.  Activating procedures revealed no abnormal discharges. Sleep stage I and stage II is seen.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.

SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 38-year-old female with history of seizures.  She is a poor historian with limited English complaining of epilepsy, does not know if she had febrile seizures or any other type of seizures when she was a child.  The patient started to have seizures after delivered her baby.  Last seizure was 5 years ago.
MEDICATIONS:  Carbamazepine, valproic acid, vitamins.
INTRODUCTION:  A digital EEG was performed in the lab using the standard international 10/20 system of electrode placement in addition to T1 and T2 electrodes and 1-channel of EKG monitoring.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.  This tracing captures wakefulness only.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  In the most alert state, the alpha rhythm is 9-10 Hz in frequency, 20-40 microvolts in amplitude seen in the occipital region, which attenuates with eye opening.  There is a small amount of low amplitude, frontal central beta activity which is distributed symmetrically.  Hyperventilation results in symmetric slowing of the background.  Photic stimulation was performed at multiple flash frequencies and results in a symmetric driving response.  Heart rate is 70-80 beats per minute.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal EEG recording capturing wakefulness only.  No epileptiform abnormalities or seizures were identified in this record.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  Normal EEG does not rule out the diagnosis of epilepsy/  if seizures are clinical concern, a repeat EEG capturing deeper stages of sleep or a 24-hour ambulatory EEG may be helpful.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 20-year-old woman with history of absence seizures since age 7, last seizure in 2008.  This is a follow-up EEG.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterotemporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
MEDICATIONS:  Depakote
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens with a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges. During photic stimulation, there are at 19 and 21 Hz some 1.5 second bursts of frontal maximal sharply contoured theta. These discharges did not evolve but are suspicious for a fragmented photoparoxysmal response (PPR). The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Seizures:  None.
Heart rate:  102.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy electroencephalogram.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen. However, the discharges described above are suspicious for a PPR which can be seen in idiopathic generated epilepsy. Clinical correlation is recommended.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  45 year old right handed woman with encephalitis and CVA in the past, now with seizure.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizure.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a low amplitude posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and stage I sleep.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None
SEIZURES:  None
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  A 61-year-old with seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 61-year-old man with history of seizures, paranoid schizophrenia.
MEDICATIONS:  Depakote, Zyprexa, aspirin, Haldol, Zocor.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation only.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and sleep stage I.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation and produced no abnormal discharges.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Heart rate: 102.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep electroencephalogram.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 58-year-old male with a history of seizures for 10 years, once to twice per month, the last seizure a week ago, who presents with seizures as eye twitching of the right eye and then right upper extremity shaking.  The patient is here for evaluation of his refractory epilepsy, more specifically for differential and classification.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra, Lamictal, Buspar, clonidine, hydrochlorothiazide, Lexapro, Procardia, lisinopril, Coreg, Synthroid, and Protonix.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz, which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal bilateral frontal central beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation produced no abnormal discharges.
HEART RATE:  78.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Unresponsiveness.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 47-year-old woman found down unresponsive, intoxicated, vomiting and incontinent of stool, does not remember going to the park, and change in mental status with no past medical history that is known.
MEDICATIONS:  Acetaminophen, thiamin, folic acid, Serax, oxazepam.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 system with anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedure included hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is  reactive to eye opening.  This posterior dominant rhythm has a low amplitude of about 20-30 microvolts.  There is some frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation does not produce any abnormal discharge.  However, photic stimulation does produce nice photic driving.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness, stage 1 and stage 2.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Myoclonic jerks.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 60-year-old woman with pain and numbness in all extremities and left-sided jerks.  History of myoclonic jerks.  History of cervical radiculopathy.  Here for EEG to rule out pseudoseizures.
MEDICATIONS:  Keppra and temazepam.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using standard 10-20 system of electrode placement with anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness only.  Activating procedures included photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.  There was some diffuse movement artifact.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures include photic stimulation.  During the entire recording, the patient complained of pain in her shoulders and hands and was irregularly breathing and appeared uncomfortable.  At times she would shake her right arm and make mouth movements but was responsive throughout the entire recording.  During the entire episode the EEG remained unchanged and normal.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.  Please note that during the entire recording the patient continued this same behavior as described above and there were no EEG changes during the behavior despite some shaking.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 64 year old right handed female with complex partial epilepsy.
The patient provides a history which differs from her primary care physician. She reports
that she fell on the ice 1/25/2011, and had knee pain. An observer described her as
briefly not responsive.
MEDICATIONS: Tegretol.
INTRODUCTION: Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20
system of electrode placement with 1 channel of EKG. Hyperventilation and photic
stimulation are performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD: In wakefulness, the background EEG is very low
voltage with a 1 0 Hz alpha rhythm and small amount of low voltage frontocentral beta
activity. Brief stage I sleep is seen with low voltage vertex waves. Hyperventilation is
performed with good effort and produces some rhythmic slowing as well as head
rocking artifact. Photic stimulation is obscured by muscle artifact as is much of the EEG.
HR: 60 bpm slightly irregular with questionable ST segment depression in a single
channel electrocardiogram.
IMPRESSION: This EEG is within normal limits.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: There are no epileptiform features identified. Because of
the abnormal EKG morphology, copies of the single channel EKG lead will be provided





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness. Activating procedures were not performed.
MEDICATIONS:  None mentioned.
HISTORY:  A 32-year-old man with anxiety, feels that he could not breathe and lost consciousness, had 3 events of hyperventilation with arms and legs flexing, arched back, responsive during the event, has a history of HIV, anxiety, asthma and hepatitis C.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  The patient is moving frequently throughout the recording and apparently as per the tech there is difficulty placing the electrodes on the patient due to agitation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals a posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 10-11 Hz which is reactive to eye opening. There is diffuse frontocentral beta seen throughout the recording.  The background reveals this high frequency theta-delta mix frequency discharge at T6 which appears to be mainly artifactual and does not appear to evolve, although sometimes appears slightly suspicious.  Throughout the recording, the patient is moving which makes the evaluation of the recording difficult.  The patient appears to become drowsy but not clearly going to sleep.  Also on the video, he continues his moving and hyperventilating and coughing throughout the record.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG. The T6 discharge at times appears suspicious but most likely is due to an electrode artifact.  Repeat a recording with some more sedation may be helpful in elucidating and clarifying the diagnosis.  This was discussed with the primary team.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  EEG to take off Depakote.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  A 42-year-old male with history of HIV, hypertension, schizophrenia, AIDS dementia complex, questionable history of seizures, presents to evaluate taking off Depakote.
MEDICATIONS:  Loperamide, Cymbalta, lisinopril, Pradaxa, Truvada, divalproex, levetiracetam, Kaletra, Haldol.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures were performed including hyperventilation and photic stimulation.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The EEG reveals normal frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures produces no abnormal discharges and __________ photic driving at 15 Hz and above.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and drowsy EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
LENGTH OF THE RECORDING:  22 minutes.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  The patient is a 58-year-old man who was admitted on 08/07/2013, with a change in mental status, generalized weakness, confusion and slurred speech.
CURRENT MEDICATIONS:  Protonix, Lovenox, Colace, Diovan, Plavix, Coreg, and Percocet.
CONDITION OF THE RECORDING:  The recording was performed according to the standard 10-20 system with the addition of T1 and T2 electrodes and a single EKG lead.  Hyperventilation was not performed.  Stepped photic stimulation was performed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORDING:  The posterior dominant rhythm consists of low amplitude 10 to 10.5 Hz alpha activity that attenuates with eyes opening.  There is an anterior to posterior frequency amplitude gradient with faster frequencies at lower amplitudes anteriorly.  Diffuse excess beta is captured.  Brief drowsiness is observed by the end of the recording and is characterized by diffuse voltage attenuation and disappearance of the posterior dominant rhythm.  Hyperventilation was not performed.  Stepped photic stimulation does not produce abnormalities.
FINDINGS:
Excess beta.
No stage 2 sleep.
No epileptiform discharges.
IMPRESSION:  This is a normal awake and briefly drowsy 22 minute EEG.  No epileptiform discharges were captured, however, stage 2 sleep was not recorded.  If clinical indication for seizures persist, a repeat study with stage 2 sleep may be of benefit.  The lack of epileptiform discharges on a  routine EEG does not preclude a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy.  The excess beta could be secondary to a medication effect such benzodiazepines or barbiturates.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY: 20 year old female with seizures starting the 1st of August described as loss of consciousness, eyes rolling back and tongue biting.
MEDICATIONS:  Tramadol
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures included hyperventilation; however, photic stimulation was not performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is a normal amount of frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  52 year old right handed woman with history of seizures and she has been seizure free for 19 years and migraines that presents with an episode of vomiting and dizziness as well as feeling unsteady.
MEDICATIONS:  Meclizine
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizures.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation were performed and hyperventilation as well.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is an increased amount of frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation produced no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  60 year old man found unresponsive, now improving with a history of depression, and paranoid schizophrenia.
MEDICATIONS:  Heparin, Ampicillin, Famotidine, Midazolam, Haldol.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Unresponsiveness
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness, stage I, stage II, and REM sleep.  Activating procedures, including photic stimulation was performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record reveals normal posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz.  This is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal frontal central beta. Activating procedures, including photic stimulation, produce no abnormal discharges.  The patient easily drowses off into sleep.  While awake the background is totally normal, but it quickly goes into stage I sleep and even achieves REM during the recording.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  The patient appears to have a very short sleep latency and achieves REM during the recording, which is not typically seen on a routine EEG and consideration for a sleep disorder or medical affect is advised.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  52 year old right handed man with a history of seizures, blindness, depression, and hypertension who presents with a history of seizures described as generalized tonic/clonic seizures with loss of consciousness.
MEDICATIONS:  Phenobarbital, Clonidine, Lisinopril.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Seizure.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrodes.  The patient was recorded during wakefulness.  Activating procedures including photic stimulation and hyperventilation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Continuous eye movement artifact.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 8.5 Hz at times with normal frontocentral beta seen.  Please note that during the recording there is continuous eye movement artifact which may be due to the patient's blindness.  The EEG appears to become drowsy but not clearly asleep.  Hyperventilation and photic stimulation reveal no abnormal discharges.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  58 year old man with past medical history of GERD, hepatitis B, cirrhosis, seizures due to alcohol withdrawal and positive for cocaine, presented with a right parietal ICH, presented to an outside hospital with a seizure.
MEDICATIONS:  Dilantin, Serax, Thiamine, Protonix.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and sleep.  Activating procedures were not performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening and eye closing.  There is normal alpha to central beta.  Sleep is characterized by stage 1.  Activating procedures were not performed.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizure or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
REASON FOR STUDY:  Episodes of unconsciousness.
CLINICAL HISTORY:  This is a 37-year-old woman with past medical history of syncope and confusion, last event in January 2012 with loss of consciousness, after event confusion.  She has now been on Keppra for 2 years.
MEDICATIONS:  None.
INTRODUCTION:  A routine EEG was performed using the standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single lead EKG electrode. The patient was recorded during wakefulness and sleep, stage I and stage II. Activating procedures, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  Some frontal temporal electrode artifact.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  Heart rate:  84 and regular.
The record opens to a well defined posterior dominant rhythm that reaches 9-10 Hz and is reactive to eye opening.  There is a prominent frontal, and mainly central beta, which at times is slightly sharply contoured.  The patient is recorded in wakefulness, stage I and stage II sleep.
Activating procedures were performed.  She has a nice hyperventilation effort with no clear abnormalities and her photic stimulation does not reveal any abnormalities.
Abnormal discharges:  None.
Seizures:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and sleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  This is a normal awake and sleep EEG.  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  68 year old right handed man found down with past medical history of CAD, diabetes, end-stage renal disease, hepatitis B, found to be hypoglycemic and have some minimal responsiveness.
MEDICATIONS:  Heparin, Vancomycin, Protonix, Aspirin, Imipenem.
REASON FOR STUDY:  Minimal responsiveness.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed at bedside using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures were not performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9-10 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  There is normal amount of frontocentral beta.  The patient is recorded during wakefulness and drowsiness.  Activating procedures were not performed.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and drowsy EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION:  No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------






--- Wrong example ---
CLINICAL HISTORY:  36 year old right handed female with history of seizures as a child, now presents with recurrent episodes of staring with anxiety, memory problems and headaches as well as ADHD.
MEDICATIONS:  Zyprexa, Ativan, Naproxen.
REASON FOR STUDY:  History of seizures, now with staring spells.
INTRODUCTION:  Digital video EEG was performed in lab using standard 10-20 electrode placement system with additional anterior temporal and single-lead EKG electrode.  The patient was recorded in wakefulness.  Activating procedures including hyperventilation and photic stimulation were performed.
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES:  None.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RECORD:  The record opens to a well-defined posterior dominant rhythm of 9 Hz which is reactive to eye opening.  The patient has normal frontocentral beta.  Activating procedures produced no abnormal discharges.  The patient remains awake and drowsy.
ABNORMAL DISCHARGES:  None.
SEIZURES:  None.
IMPRESSION:  Normal awake and asleep EEG.
CLINICAL CORRELATION: No seizures or epileptiform discharges were seen.





---------------------
The above example was classified with label 0 but it's actual label is 1.
---------------------
Accuracy = 83.32106038291606 percent (2263 correct predictions out of 2716).
Configure the dataset for performance
[ ]
AUTOTUNE = tf.data.AUTOTUNE

def configure_dataset(dataset):
  return dataset.cache().prefetch(buffer_size=AUTOTUNE)
[ ]
binary_train_ds = configure_dataset(binary_train_ds)
binary_val_ds = configure_dataset(binary_val_ds)
binary_test_ds = configure_dataset(binary_test_ds)

int_train_ds = configure_dataset(int_train_ds)
int_val_ds = configure_dataset(int_val_ds)
int_test_ds = configure_dataset(int_test_ds)
Train the Model It's time to create your neural network.

For the 'binary' vectorized data, define a simple bag-of-words linear model, then configure and train it:

[ ]
binary_model = tf.keras.Sequential([layers.Dense(4)])

binary_model.compile(
    loss=losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True),
    optimizer='adam',
    metrics=['accuracy'])

history = binary_model.fit(
    binary_train_ds, validation_data=binary_val_ds, epochs=10)
Epoch 1/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3s 22ms/step - accuracy: 0.7535 - loss: 0.7753 - val_accuracy: 0.9685 - val_loss: 0.2381
Epoch 2/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 8ms/step - accuracy: 0.9716 - loss: 0.2068 - val_accuracy: 0.9815 - val_loss: 0.1481
Epoch 3/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.9852 - loss: 0.1322 - val_accuracy: 0.9852 - val_loss: 0.1105
Epoch 4/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9896 - loss: 0.0973 - val_accuracy: 0.9870 - val_loss: 0.0890
Epoch 5/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9918 - loss: 0.0764 - val_accuracy: 0.9889 - val_loss: 0.0749
Epoch 6/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9959 - loss: 0.0623 - val_accuracy: 0.9889 - val_loss: 0.0650
Epoch 7/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 6ms/step - accuracy: 0.9959 - loss: 0.0522 - val_accuracy: 0.9926 - val_loss: 0.0576
Epoch 8/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.9972 - loss: 0.0446 - val_accuracy: 0.9926 - val_loss: 0.0519
Epoch 9/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 6ms/step - accuracy: 0.9986 - loss: 0.0386 - val_accuracy: 0.9926 - val_loss: 0.0473
Epoch 10/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 6ms/step - accuracy: 0.9986 - loss: 0.0337 - val_accuracy: 0.9926 - val_loss: 0.0436
[ ]
#use 'int' vectorized layer to build a 1D convnet:
def create_model(vocab_size, num_labels):
  model = tf.keras.Sequential([
      layers.Embedding(vocab_size, 64, mask_zero=True),
      layers.Conv1D(64, 5, padding="valid", activation="relu", strides=2),
      layers.GlobalMaxPooling1D(),
      layers.Dense(num_labels)
  ])
  return model
[ ]
# `vocab_size` is `VOCAB_SIZE + 1` since `0` is used additionally for padding.
int_model = create_model(vocab_size=VOCAB_SIZE + 1, num_labels=2)
int_model.compile(
    loss=losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True),
    optimizer='adam',
    metrics=['accuracy'])
history = int_model.fit(int_train_ds, validation_data=int_val_ds, epochs=10)
Epoch 1/10
/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/keras/src/layers/layer.py:847: UserWarning: Layer 'conv1d' (of type Conv1D) was passed an input with a mask attached to it. However, this layer does not support masking and will therefore destroy the mask information. Downstream layers will not see the mask.
  warnings.warn(
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4s 33ms/step - accuracy: 0.7234 - loss: 0.5933 - val_accuracy: 0.9963 - val_loss: 0.0708
Epoch 2/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2s 23ms/step - accuracy: 0.9855 - loss: 0.0615 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.0131
Epoch 3/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3s 27ms/step - accuracy: 0.9930 - loss: 0.0236 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.0080
Epoch 4/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2s 24ms/step - accuracy: 0.9960 - loss: 0.0143 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.0064
Epoch 5/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3s 38ms/step - accuracy: 0.9989 - loss: 0.0093 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.0050
Epoch 6/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4s 23ms/step - accuracy: 0.9989 - loss: 0.0056 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.0041
Epoch 7/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2s 23ms/step - accuracy: 1.0000 - loss: 0.0031 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.0034
Epoch 8/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2s 23ms/step - accuracy: 1.0000 - loss: 0.0019 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.0031
Epoch 9/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3s 23ms/step - accuracy: 1.0000 - loss: 0.0013 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.0028
Epoch 10/10
68/68 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3s 35ms/step - accuracy: 1.0000 - loss: 9.8768e-04 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.0026
[ ]
#compare the two models
print("Linear model on binary vectorized data:")
print(binary_model.summary())

[ ]
print("ConvNet model on int vectorized data:")
print(int_model.summary())

[ ]
#evaluate both models on the test data:
binary_loss, binary_accuracy = binary_model.evaluate(binary_test_ds)
int_loss, int_accuracy = int_model.evaluate(int_test_ds)

print("Binary model accuracy: {:2.2%}".format(binary_accuracy))
print("Int model accuracy: {:2.2%}".format(int_accuracy))
9/9 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 9ms/step - accuracy: 0.9838 - loss: 0.0685
9/9 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 13ms/step - accuracy: 0.9908 - loss: 0.0232
Binary model accuracy: 98.19%
Int model accuracy: 99.64%
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