You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * This file and its contents are supplied under the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License ("CDDL"), version 1.0.
 * You may only use this file in accordance with the terms of version
 * 1.0 of the CDDL.
 *
 * A full copy of the text of the CDDL should have accompanied this
 * source.  A copy of the CDDL is also available via the Internet at
 * http://www.illumos.org/license/CDDL.
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2018 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <libzfs_core.h>
#include <libzutil.h>

#include <sys/nvpair.h>
#include <sys/vdev_impl.h>
#include <sys/zfs_ioctl.h>
#include <sys/zfs_bootenv.h>

/*
 * Test the nvpair inputs for the non-legacy zfs ioctl commands.
 */

boolean_t unexpected_failures;
int zfs_fd;
const char *active_test;

/*
 * Tracks which zfs_ioc_t commands were tested
 */
boolean_t ioc_tested[ZFS_IOC_LAST - ZFS_IOC_FIRST];

/*
 * Legacy ioctls that are skipped (for now)
 */
static unsigned ioc_skip[] = {
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_CREATE,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_DESTROY,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_IMPORT,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_EXPORT,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_CONFIGS,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_STATS,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_TRYIMPORT,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_SCAN,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_FREEZE,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_UPGRADE,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_GET_HISTORY,

	ZFS_IOC_VDEV_ADD,
	ZFS_IOC_VDEV_REMOVE,
	ZFS_IOC_VDEV_SET_STATE,
	ZFS_IOC_VDEV_ATTACH,
	ZFS_IOC_VDEV_DETACH,
	ZFS_IOC_VDEV_SETPATH,
	ZFS_IOC_VDEV_SETFRU,

	ZFS_IOC_OBJSET_STATS,
	ZFS_IOC_OBJSET_ZPLPROPS,
	ZFS_IOC_DATASET_LIST_NEXT,
	ZFS_IOC_SNAPSHOT_LIST_NEXT,
	ZFS_IOC_SET_PROP,
	ZFS_IOC_DESTROY,
	ZFS_IOC_RENAME,
	ZFS_IOC_RECV,
	ZFS_IOC_SEND,
	ZFS_IOC_INJECT_FAULT,
	ZFS_IOC_CLEAR_FAULT,
	ZFS_IOC_INJECT_LIST_NEXT,
	ZFS_IOC_ERROR_LOG,
	ZFS_IOC_CLEAR,
	ZFS_IOC_PROMOTE,
	ZFS_IOC_DSOBJ_TO_DSNAME,
	ZFS_IOC_OBJ_TO_PATH,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_SET_PROPS,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_GET_PROPS,
	ZFS_IOC_SET_FSACL,
	ZFS_IOC_GET_FSACL,
	ZFS_IOC_SHARE,
	ZFS_IOC_INHERIT_PROP,
	ZFS_IOC_SMB_ACL,
	ZFS_IOC_USERSPACE_ONE,
	ZFS_IOC_USERSPACE_MANY,
	ZFS_IOC_USERSPACE_UPGRADE,
	ZFS_IOC_OBJSET_RECVD_PROPS,
	ZFS_IOC_VDEV_SPLIT,
	ZFS_IOC_NEXT_OBJ,
	ZFS_IOC_DIFF,
	ZFS_IOC_TMP_SNAPSHOT,
	ZFS_IOC_OBJ_TO_STATS,
	ZFS_IOC_SPACE_WRITTEN,
	ZFS_IOC_POOL_REGUID,
	ZFS_IOC_SEND_PROGRESS,
	ZFS_IOC_EVENTS_NEXT,
	ZFS_IOC_EVENTS_CLEAR,
	ZFS_IOC_EVENTS_SEEK,
	ZFS_IOC_NEXTBOOT,
	ZFS_IOC_JAIL,
	ZFS_IOC_UNJAIL,
};


#define	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ioc, name, req, opt, err)		\
	IOC_INPUT_TEST_IMPL(ioc, name, req, opt, err, B_FALSE)

#define	IOC_INPUT_TEST_WILD(ioc, name, req, opt, err)		\
	IOC_INPUT_TEST_IMPL(ioc, name, req, opt, err, B_TRUE)

#define	IOC_INPUT_TEST_IMPL(ioc, name, req, opt, err, wild)	\
	do {							\
		active_test = __func__ + 5;			\
		ioc_tested[ioc - ZFS_IOC_FIRST] = B_TRUE;	\
		lzc_ioctl_test(ioc, name, req, opt, err, wild);	\
	} while (0)

/*
 * run a zfs ioctl command, verify expected results and log failures
 */
static void
lzc_ioctl_run(zfs_ioc_t ioc, const char *name, nvlist_t *innvl, int expected)
{
	zfs_cmd_t zc = {"\0"};
	char *packed = NULL;
	const char *variant;
	size_t size = 0;
	int error = 0;

	switch (expected) {
	case ZFS_ERR_IOC_ARG_UNAVAIL:
		variant = "unsupported input";
		break;
	case ZFS_ERR_IOC_ARG_REQUIRED:
		variant = "missing input";
		break;
	case ZFS_ERR_IOC_ARG_BADTYPE:
		variant = "invalid input type";
		break;
	default:
		variant = "valid input";
		break;
	}

	packed = fnvlist_pack(innvl, &size);
	(void) strlcpy(zc.zc_name, name, sizeof (zc.zc_name));
	zc.zc_name[sizeof (zc.zc_name) - 1] = '\0';
	zc.zc_nvlist_src = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)packed;
	zc.zc_nvlist_src_size = size;
	zc.zc_nvlist_dst_size = MAX(size * 2, 128 * 1024);
	zc.zc_nvlist_dst = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)malloc(zc.zc_nvlist_dst_size);

	if (zfs_ioctl_fd(zfs_fd, ioc, &zc) != 0)
		error = errno;

	if (error != expected) {
		unexpected_failures = B_TRUE;
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: Unexpected result with %s, "
		    "error %d (expecting %d)\n",
		    active_test, variant, error, expected);
	}

	fnvlist_pack_free(packed, size);
	free((void *)(uintptr_t)zc.zc_nvlist_dst);
}

/*
 * Test each ioc for the following ioctl input errors:
 *   ZFS_ERR_IOC_ARG_UNAVAIL	an input argument is not supported by kernel
 *   ZFS_ERR_IOC_ARG_REQUIRED	a required input argument is missing
 *   ZFS_ERR_IOC_ARG_BADTYPE	an input argument has an invalid type
 */
static int
lzc_ioctl_test(zfs_ioc_t ioc, const char *name, nvlist_t *required,
    nvlist_t *optional, int expected_error, boolean_t wildcard)
{
	nvlist_t *input = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *future = fnvlist_alloc();
	int error = 0;

	if (required != NULL) {
		for (nvpair_t *pair = nvlist_next_nvpair(required, NULL);
		    pair != NULL; pair = nvlist_next_nvpair(required, pair)) {
			fnvlist_add_nvpair(input, pair);
		}
	}
	if (optional != NULL) {
		for (nvpair_t *pair = nvlist_next_nvpair(optional, NULL);
		    pair != NULL; pair = nvlist_next_nvpair(optional, pair)) {
			fnvlist_add_nvpair(input, pair);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Generic input run with 'optional' nvlist pair
	 */
	if (!wildcard)
		fnvlist_add_nvlist(input, "optional", future);
	lzc_ioctl_run(ioc, name, input, expected_error);
	if (!wildcard)
		fnvlist_remove(input, "optional");

	/*
	 * Bogus input value
	 */
	if (!wildcard) {
		fnvlist_add_string(input, "bogus_input", "bogus");
		lzc_ioctl_run(ioc, name, input, ZFS_ERR_IOC_ARG_UNAVAIL);
		fnvlist_remove(input, "bogus_input");
	}

	/*
	 * Missing required inputs
	 */
	if (required != NULL) {
		nvlist_t *empty = fnvlist_alloc();
		lzc_ioctl_run(ioc, name, empty, ZFS_ERR_IOC_ARG_REQUIRED);
		nvlist_free(empty);
	}

	/*
	 * Wrong nvpair type
	 */
	if (required != NULL || optional != NULL) {
		/*
		 * switch the type of one of the input pairs
		 */
		for (nvpair_t *pair = nvlist_next_nvpair(input, NULL);
		    pair != NULL; pair = nvlist_next_nvpair(input, pair)) {
			char pname[MAXNAMELEN];
			data_type_t ptype;

			strlcpy(pname, nvpair_name(pair), sizeof (pname));
			pname[sizeof (pname) - 1] = '\0';
			ptype = nvpair_type(pair);
			fnvlist_remove_nvpair(input, pair);

			switch (ptype) {
			case DATA_TYPE_STRING:
				fnvlist_add_uint64(input, pname, 42);
				break;
			default:
				fnvlist_add_string(input, pname, "bogus");
				break;
			}
		}
		lzc_ioctl_run(ioc, name, input, ZFS_ERR_IOC_ARG_BADTYPE);
	}

	nvlist_free(future);
	nvlist_free(input);

	return (error);
}

static void
test_pool_sync(const char *pool)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_boolean_value(required, "force", B_TRUE);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_POOL_SYNC, pool, required, NULL, 0);

	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_pool_reopen(const char *pool)
{
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_boolean_value(optional, "scrub_restart", B_FALSE);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_POOL_REOPEN, pool, NULL, optional, 0);

	nvlist_free(optional);
}

static void
test_pool_checkpoint(const char *pool)
{
	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_POOL_CHECKPOINT, pool, NULL, NULL, 0);
}

static void
test_pool_discard_checkpoint(const char *pool)
{
	int err = lzc_pool_checkpoint(pool);
	if (err == 0 || err == ZFS_ERR_CHECKPOINT_EXISTS)
		IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_POOL_DISCARD_CHECKPOINT, pool, NULL,
		    NULL, 0);
}

static void
test_log_history(const char *pool)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_string(required, "message", "input check");

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_LOG_HISTORY, pool, required, NULL, 0);

	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_create(const char *pool)
{
	char dataset[MAXNAMELEN + 32];

	(void) snprintf(dataset, sizeof (dataset), "%s/create-fs", pool);

	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *props = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_int32(required, "type", DMU_OST_ZFS);
	fnvlist_add_uint64(props, "recordsize", 8192);
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(optional, "props", props);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_CREATE, dataset, required, optional, 0);

	nvlist_free(required);
	nvlist_free(optional);
}

static void
test_snapshot(const char *pool, const char *snapshot)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *snaps = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *props = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_boolean(snaps, snapshot);
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(required, "snaps", snaps);

	fnvlist_add_string(props, "org.openzfs:launch", "September 17th, 2013");
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(optional, "props", props);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_SNAPSHOT, pool, required, optional, 0);

	nvlist_free(props);
	nvlist_free(snaps);
	nvlist_free(optional);
	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_space_snaps(const char *snapshot)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	fnvlist_add_string(required, "firstsnap", snapshot);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_SPACE_SNAPS, snapshot, required, NULL, 0);

	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_destroy_snaps(const char *pool, const char *snapshot)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *snaps = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_boolean(snaps, snapshot);
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(required, "snaps", snaps);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_DESTROY_SNAPS, pool, required, NULL, 0);

	nvlist_free(snaps);
	nvlist_free(required);
}


static void
test_bookmark(const char *pool, const char *snapshot, const char *bookmark)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_string(required, bookmark, snapshot);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST_WILD(ZFS_IOC_BOOKMARK, pool, required, NULL, 0);

	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_get_bookmarks(const char *dataset)
{
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "guid");
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "createtxg");
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "creation");

	IOC_INPUT_TEST_WILD(ZFS_IOC_GET_BOOKMARKS, dataset, NULL, optional, 0);

	nvlist_free(optional);
}

static void
test_destroy_bookmarks(const char *pool, const char *bookmark)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_boolean(required, bookmark);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST_WILD(ZFS_IOC_DESTROY_BOOKMARKS, pool, required, NULL, 0);

	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_clone(const char *snapshot, const char *clone)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *props = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_string(required, "origin", snapshot);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_CLONE, clone, required, NULL, 0);

	nvlist_free(props);
	nvlist_free(optional);
	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_rollback(const char *dataset, const char *snapshot)
{
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_string(optional, "target", snapshot);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_ROLLBACK, dataset, NULL, optional, B_FALSE);

	nvlist_free(optional);
}

static void
test_hold(const char *pool, const char *snapshot)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *holds = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_string(holds, snapshot, "libzfs_check_hold");
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(required, "holds", holds);
	fnvlist_add_int32(optional, "cleanup_fd", zfs_fd);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_HOLD, pool, required, optional, 0);

	nvlist_free(holds);
	nvlist_free(optional);
	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_get_holds(const char *snapshot)
{
	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_GET_HOLDS, snapshot, NULL, NULL, 0);
}

static void
test_release(const char *pool, const char *snapshot)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *release = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_boolean(release, "libzfs_check_hold");
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(required, snapshot, release);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST_WILD(ZFS_IOC_RELEASE, pool, required, NULL, 0);

	nvlist_free(release);
	nvlist_free(required);
}


static void
test_send_new(const char *snapshot, int fd)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_int32(required, "fd", fd);

	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "largeblockok");
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "embedok");
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "compressok");
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "rawok");

	/*
	 * TODO - Resumable send is harder to set up. So we currently
	 * ignore testing for that variant.
	 */
#if 0
	fnvlist_add_string(optional, "fromsnap", from);
	fnvlist_add_uint64(optional, "resume_object", resumeobj);
	fnvlist_add_uint64(optional, "resume_offset", offset);
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "savedok");
#endif
	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_SEND_NEW, snapshot, required, optional, 0);

	nvlist_free(optional);
	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_recv_new(const char *dataset, int fd)
{
	dmu_replay_record_t drr = { 0 };
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *props = fnvlist_alloc();
	char snapshot[MAXNAMELEN + 32];
	ssize_t count;

	int cleanup_fd = open(ZFS_DEV, O_RDWR);

	(void) snprintf(snapshot, sizeof (snapshot), "%s@replicant", dataset);

	count = pread(fd, &drr, sizeof (drr), 0);
	if (count != sizeof (drr)) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "could not read stream: %s\n",
		    strerror(errno));
	}

	fnvlist_add_string(required, "snapname", snapshot);
	fnvlist_add_byte_array(required, "begin_record", (uchar_t *)&drr,
	    sizeof (drr));
	fnvlist_add_int32(required, "input_fd", fd);

	fnvlist_add_string(props, "org.openzfs:launch", "September 17th, 2013");
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(optional, "localprops", props);
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "force");
	fnvlist_add_int32(optional, "cleanup_fd", cleanup_fd);

	/*
	 * TODO - Resumable receive is harder to set up. So we currently
	 * ignore testing for one.
	 */
#if 0
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(optional, "props", recvdprops);
	fnvlist_add_string(optional, "origin", origin);
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "resumable");
	fnvlist_add_uint64(optional, "action_handle", *action_handle);
#endif
	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_RECV_NEW, dataset, required, optional,
	    ZFS_ERR_STREAM_TRUNCATED);

	nvlist_free(props);
	nvlist_free(optional);
	nvlist_free(required);

	(void) close(cleanup_fd);
}

static void
test_send_space(const char *snapshot1, const char *snapshot2)
{
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_string(optional, "from", snapshot1);
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "largeblockok");
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "embedok");
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "compressok");
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "rawok");

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_SEND_SPACE, snapshot2, NULL, optional, 0);

	nvlist_free(optional);
}

static void
test_remap(const char *dataset)
{
	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_REMAP, dataset, NULL, NULL, 0);
}

static void
test_channel_program(const char *pool)
{
	const char *program =
	    "arg = ...\n"
	    "argv = arg[\"argv\"]\n"
	    "return argv[1]";
	char *const argv[1] = { "Hello World!" };
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *args = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_string(required, "program", program);
	fnvlist_add_string_array(args, "argv", argv, 1);
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(required, "arg", args);

	fnvlist_add_boolean_value(optional, "sync", B_TRUE);
	fnvlist_add_uint64(optional, "instrlimit", 1000 * 1000);
	fnvlist_add_uint64(optional, "memlimit", 8192 * 1024);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_CHANNEL_PROGRAM, pool, required, optional, 0);

	nvlist_free(args);
	nvlist_free(optional);
	nvlist_free(required);
}

#define	WRAPPING_KEY_LEN	32

static void
test_load_key(const char *dataset)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *hidden = fnvlist_alloc();
	uint8_t keydata[WRAPPING_KEY_LEN] = {0};

	fnvlist_add_uint8_array(hidden, "wkeydata", keydata, sizeof (keydata));
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(required, "hidden_args", hidden);
	fnvlist_add_boolean(optional, "noop");

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_LOAD_KEY, dataset, required, optional, EINVAL);
	nvlist_free(hidden);
	nvlist_free(optional);
	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_change_key(const char *dataset)
{
	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_CHANGE_KEY, dataset, NULL, NULL, EINVAL);
}

static void
test_unload_key(const char *dataset)
{
	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_UNLOAD_KEY, dataset, NULL, NULL, EACCES);
}

static void
test_vdev_initialize(const char *pool)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *vdev_guids = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_uint64(vdev_guids, "path", 0xdeadbeefdeadbeef);
	fnvlist_add_uint64(required, ZPOOL_INITIALIZE_COMMAND,
	    POOL_INITIALIZE_START);
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(required, ZPOOL_INITIALIZE_VDEVS, vdev_guids);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_POOL_INITIALIZE, pool, required, NULL, EINVAL);
	nvlist_free(vdev_guids);
	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_vdev_trim(const char *pool)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *vdev_guids = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_uint64(vdev_guids, "path", 0xdeadbeefdeadbeef);
	fnvlist_add_uint64(required, ZPOOL_TRIM_COMMAND, POOL_TRIM_START);
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(required, ZPOOL_TRIM_VDEVS, vdev_guids);
	fnvlist_add_uint64(optional, ZPOOL_TRIM_RATE, 1ULL << 30);
	fnvlist_add_boolean_value(optional, ZPOOL_TRIM_SECURE, B_TRUE);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_POOL_TRIM, pool, required, optional, EINVAL);
	nvlist_free(vdev_guids);
	nvlist_free(optional);
	nvlist_free(required);
}

static int
zfs_destroy(const char *dataset)
{
	zfs_cmd_t zc = {"\0"};
	int err;

	(void) strlcpy(zc.zc_name, dataset, sizeof (zc.zc_name));
	zc.zc_name[sizeof (zc.zc_name) - 1] = '\0';
	err = zfs_ioctl_fd(zfs_fd, ZFS_IOC_DESTROY, &zc);

	return (err == 0 ? 0 : errno);
}

static void
test_redact(const char *snapshot1, const char *snapshot2)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *snapnv = fnvlist_alloc();
	char bookmark[MAXNAMELEN + 32];

	fnvlist_add_string(required, "bookname", "testbookmark");
	fnvlist_add_boolean(snapnv, snapshot2);
	fnvlist_add_nvlist(required, "snapnv", snapnv);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_REDACT, snapshot1, required, NULL, 0);

	nvlist_free(snapnv);
	nvlist_free(required);

	strlcpy(bookmark, snapshot1, sizeof (bookmark));
	*strchr(bookmark, '@') = '\0';
	strlcat(bookmark, "#testbookmark", sizeof (bookmark) -
	    strlen(bookmark));
	zfs_destroy(bookmark);
}

static void
test_get_bookmark_props(const char *bookmark)
{
	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_GET_BOOKMARK_PROPS, bookmark, NULL, NULL, 0);
}

static void
test_wait(const char *pool)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();
	nvlist_t *optional = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_int32(required, "wait_activity", 2);
	fnvlist_add_uint64(optional, "wait_tag", 0xdeadbeefdeadbeef);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_WAIT, pool, required, optional, EINVAL);

	nvlist_free(required);
	nvlist_free(optional);
}

static void
test_wait_fs(const char *dataset)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_int32(required, "wait_activity", 2);

	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_WAIT_FS, dataset, required, NULL, EINVAL);

	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
test_get_bootenv(const char *pool)
{
	IOC_INPUT_TEST(ZFS_IOC_GET_BOOTENV, pool, NULL, NULL, 0);
}

static void
test_set_bootenv(const char *pool)
{
	nvlist_t *required = fnvlist_alloc();

	fnvlist_add_uint64(required, "version", VB_RAW);
	fnvlist_add_string(required, GRUB_ENVMAP, "test");

	IOC_INPUT_TEST_WILD(ZFS_IOC_SET_BOOTENV, pool, required, NULL, 0);

	nvlist_free(required);
}

static void
zfs_ioc_input_tests(const char *pool)
{
	char filepath[] = "/tmp/ioc_test_file_XXXXXX";
	char dataset[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN];
	char snapbase[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN + 32];
	char snapshot[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN + 32];
	char bookmark[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN + 32];
	char backup[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN];
	char clone[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN];
	char clonesnap[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN + 32];
	int tmpfd, err;

	/*
	 * Setup names and create a working dataset
	 */
	(void) snprintf(dataset, sizeof (dataset), "%s/test-fs", pool);
	(void) snprintf(snapbase, sizeof (snapbase), "%s@snapbase", dataset);
	(void) snprintf(snapshot, sizeof (snapshot), "%s@snapshot", dataset);
	(void) snprintf(bookmark, sizeof (bookmark), "%s#bookmark", dataset);
	(void) snprintf(clone, sizeof (clone), "%s/test-fs-clone", pool);
	(void) snprintf(clonesnap, sizeof (clonesnap), "%s@snap", clone);
	(void) snprintf(backup, sizeof (backup), "%s/backup", pool);

	err = lzc_create(dataset, DMU_OST_ZFS, NULL, NULL, 0);
	if (err) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "could not create '%s': %s\n",
		    dataset, strerror(errno));
		exit(2);
	}

	tmpfd = mkstemp(filepath);
	if (tmpfd < 0) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "could not create '%s': %s\n",
		    filepath, strerror(errno));
		exit(2);
	}

	/*
	 * run a test for each ioctl
	 * Note that some test build on previous test operations
	 */
	test_pool_sync(pool);
	test_pool_reopen(pool);
	test_pool_checkpoint(pool);
	test_pool_discard_checkpoint(pool);
	test_log_history(pool);

	test_create(dataset);
	test_snapshot(pool, snapbase);
	test_snapshot(pool, snapshot);

	test_space_snaps(snapshot);
	test_send_space(snapbase, snapshot);
	test_send_new(snapshot, tmpfd);
	test_recv_new(backup, tmpfd);

	test_bookmark(pool, snapshot, bookmark);
	test_get_bookmarks(dataset);
	test_get_bookmark_props(bookmark);
	test_destroy_bookmarks(pool, bookmark);

	test_hold(pool, snapshot);
	test_get_holds(snapshot);
	test_release(pool, snapshot);

	test_clone(snapshot, clone);
	test_snapshot(pool, clonesnap);
	test_redact(snapshot, clonesnap);
	zfs_destroy(clonesnap);
	zfs_destroy(clone);

	test_rollback(dataset, snapshot);
	test_destroy_snaps(pool, snapshot);
	test_destroy_snaps(pool, snapbase);

	test_remap(dataset);
	test_channel_program(pool);

	test_load_key(dataset);
	test_change_key(dataset);
	test_unload_key(dataset);

	test_vdev_initialize(pool);
	test_vdev_trim(pool);

	test_wait(pool);
	test_wait_fs(dataset);

	test_set_bootenv(pool);
	test_get_bootenv(pool);

	/*
	 * cleanup
	 */
	zfs_cmd_t zc = {"\0"};

	nvlist_t *snaps = fnvlist_alloc();
	fnvlist_add_boolean(snaps, snapshot);
	(void) lzc_destroy_snaps(snaps, B_FALSE, NULL);
	nvlist_free(snaps);

	(void) zfs_destroy(dataset);
	(void) zfs_destroy(backup);

	(void) close(tmpfd);
	(void) unlink(filepath);

	/*
	 * All the unused slots should yield ZFS_ERR_IOC_CMD_UNAVAIL
	 */
	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ioc_skip); i++) {
		if (ioc_tested[ioc_skip[i] - ZFS_IOC_FIRST])
			(void) fprintf(stderr, "cmd %d tested, not skipped!\n",
			    (int)(ioc_skip[i] - ZFS_IOC_FIRST));

		ioc_tested[ioc_skip[i] - ZFS_IOC_FIRST] = B_TRUE;
	}

	(void) strlcpy(zc.zc_name, pool, sizeof (zc.zc_name));
	zc.zc_name[sizeof (zc.zc_name) - 1] = '\0';

	for (unsigned ioc = ZFS_IOC_FIRST; ioc < ZFS_IOC_LAST; ioc++) {
		unsigned cmd = ioc - ZFS_IOC_FIRST;

		if (ioc_tested[cmd])
			continue;

		if (zfs_ioctl_fd(zfs_fd, ioc, &zc) != 0 &&
		    errno != ZFS_ERR_IOC_CMD_UNAVAIL) {
			(void) fprintf(stderr, "cmd %d is missing a test case "
			    "(%d)\n", cmd, errno);
		}
	}
}

enum zfs_ioc_ref {
#ifdef __FreeBSD__
	ZFS_IOC_BASE = 0,
#else
	ZFS_IOC_BASE = ('Z' << 8),
#endif
	ZFS_IOC_PLATFORM_BASE = ZFS_IOC_BASE + 0x80,
};

/*
 * Canonical reference check of /dev/zfs ioctl numbers.
 * These cannot change and new ioctl numbers must be appended.
 */
static boolean_t
validate_ioc_values(void)
{
	boolean_t result = B_TRUE;

#define	CHECK(expr) do { \
	if (!(expr)) { \
		result = B_FALSE; \
		fprintf(stderr, "(%s) === FALSE\n", #expr); \
	} \
} while (0)

	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 0 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_CREATE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 1 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_DESTROY);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 2 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_IMPORT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 3 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_EXPORT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 4 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_CONFIGS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 5 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_STATS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 6 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_TRYIMPORT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 7 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_SCAN);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 8 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_FREEZE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 9 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_UPGRADE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 10 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_GET_HISTORY);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 11 == ZFS_IOC_VDEV_ADD);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 12 == ZFS_IOC_VDEV_REMOVE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 13 == ZFS_IOC_VDEV_SET_STATE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 14 == ZFS_IOC_VDEV_ATTACH);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 15 == ZFS_IOC_VDEV_DETACH);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 16 == ZFS_IOC_VDEV_SETPATH);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 17 == ZFS_IOC_VDEV_SETFRU);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 18 == ZFS_IOC_OBJSET_STATS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 19 == ZFS_IOC_OBJSET_ZPLPROPS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 20 == ZFS_IOC_DATASET_LIST_NEXT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 21 == ZFS_IOC_SNAPSHOT_LIST_NEXT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 22 == ZFS_IOC_SET_PROP);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 23 == ZFS_IOC_CREATE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 24 == ZFS_IOC_DESTROY);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 25 == ZFS_IOC_ROLLBACK);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 26 == ZFS_IOC_RENAME);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 27 == ZFS_IOC_RECV);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 28 == ZFS_IOC_SEND);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 29 == ZFS_IOC_INJECT_FAULT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 30 == ZFS_IOC_CLEAR_FAULT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 31 == ZFS_IOC_INJECT_LIST_NEXT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 32 == ZFS_IOC_ERROR_LOG);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 33 == ZFS_IOC_CLEAR);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 34 == ZFS_IOC_PROMOTE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 35 == ZFS_IOC_SNAPSHOT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 36 == ZFS_IOC_DSOBJ_TO_DSNAME);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 37 == ZFS_IOC_OBJ_TO_PATH);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 38 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_SET_PROPS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 39 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_GET_PROPS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 40 == ZFS_IOC_SET_FSACL);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 41 == ZFS_IOC_GET_FSACL);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 42 == ZFS_IOC_SHARE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 43 == ZFS_IOC_INHERIT_PROP);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 44 == ZFS_IOC_SMB_ACL);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 45 == ZFS_IOC_USERSPACE_ONE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 46 == ZFS_IOC_USERSPACE_MANY);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 47 == ZFS_IOC_USERSPACE_UPGRADE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 48 == ZFS_IOC_HOLD);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 49 == ZFS_IOC_RELEASE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 50 == ZFS_IOC_GET_HOLDS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 51 == ZFS_IOC_OBJSET_RECVD_PROPS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 52 == ZFS_IOC_VDEV_SPLIT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 53 == ZFS_IOC_NEXT_OBJ);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 54 == ZFS_IOC_DIFF);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 55 == ZFS_IOC_TMP_SNAPSHOT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 56 == ZFS_IOC_OBJ_TO_STATS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 57 == ZFS_IOC_SPACE_WRITTEN);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 58 == ZFS_IOC_SPACE_SNAPS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 59 == ZFS_IOC_DESTROY_SNAPS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 60 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_REGUID);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 61 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_REOPEN);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 62 == ZFS_IOC_SEND_PROGRESS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 63 == ZFS_IOC_LOG_HISTORY);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 64 == ZFS_IOC_SEND_NEW);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 65 == ZFS_IOC_SEND_SPACE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 66 == ZFS_IOC_CLONE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 67 == ZFS_IOC_BOOKMARK);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 68 == ZFS_IOC_GET_BOOKMARKS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 69 == ZFS_IOC_DESTROY_BOOKMARKS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 70 == ZFS_IOC_RECV_NEW);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 71 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_SYNC);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 72 == ZFS_IOC_CHANNEL_PROGRAM);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 73 == ZFS_IOC_LOAD_KEY);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 74 == ZFS_IOC_UNLOAD_KEY);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 75 == ZFS_IOC_CHANGE_KEY);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 76 == ZFS_IOC_REMAP);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 77 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_CHECKPOINT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 78 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_DISCARD_CHECKPOINT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 79 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_INITIALIZE);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 80 == ZFS_IOC_POOL_TRIM);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 81 == ZFS_IOC_REDACT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 82 == ZFS_IOC_GET_BOOKMARK_PROPS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 83 == ZFS_IOC_WAIT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_BASE + 84 == ZFS_IOC_WAIT_FS);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_PLATFORM_BASE + 1 == ZFS_IOC_EVENTS_NEXT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_PLATFORM_BASE + 2 == ZFS_IOC_EVENTS_CLEAR);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_PLATFORM_BASE + 3 == ZFS_IOC_EVENTS_SEEK);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_PLATFORM_BASE + 4 == ZFS_IOC_NEXTBOOT);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_PLATFORM_BASE + 5 == ZFS_IOC_JAIL);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_PLATFORM_BASE + 6 == ZFS_IOC_UNJAIL);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_PLATFORM_BASE + 7 == ZFS_IOC_SET_BOOTENV);
	CHECK(ZFS_IOC_PLATFORM_BASE + 8 == ZFS_IOC_GET_BOOTENV);

#undef CHECK

	return (result);
}

int
main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	if (argc != 2) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <pool>\n", argv[0]);
		exit(2);
	}

	if (!validate_ioc_values()) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: zfs_ioc_t has binary "
		    "incompatible command values\n");
		exit(3);
	}

	(void) libzfs_core_init();
	zfs_fd = open(ZFS_DEV, O_RDWR);
	if (zfs_fd < 0) {
		(void) fprintf(stderr, "open: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		libzfs_core_fini();
		exit(2);
	}

	zfs_ioc_input_tests(argv[1]);

	(void) close(zfs_fd);
	libzfs_core_fini();

	return (unexpected_failures);
}