Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            reduced cortisol synthesis).  
• This condition may lead to virilization in females due to overproduction of adrenal 
androgens.  
• Treated by administration of sufficient corticosteroids to normalize the patient's 
hormone levels by suppressing release of CRH and ACTH. This decreases 
production of adrenal androgens.  
• Treated by Hydrocortisone oral 
5. Diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome:  
• Cushing's syndrome is caused by a hypersecretion of glucocorticoids that results 
either from excessive release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary or an adrenal 
tumor.  
• The dexamethasone suppression test suppresses cortisol release in individuals 
with pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome, but it does not suppress 
glucocorticoid release from adrenal tumors.  
• Patient given 1mg dexa Po at 11 PM & cortisol measured at 8AM. Suppression of 
plasma cortisol indicates that patient does not have pituitary-dependent Cushing’s 
syndrome. 
II- Therapeutic uses in Non –endocrine diseases 
1. Relief of inflammatory symptoms: Glucocorticoids dramatically reduce the 
manifestations of inflammations (for example, rheumatoid and osteoarthritic 
inflammations, chronic inflammatory bowel disease and inflammatory conditions of 
 
Pharmacology-2          Dietitian Program         2024-2025                Prof Dr Manar A Nader
 
 
43 | P a g e  
 
the skin), including the redness, swelling, heat, and tenderness that are commonly 
present at the inflammatory site.  
2. Treatment of allergies:  
• Glucocorticoids are beneficial in the treatment of the symptoms of bronchial asthma, 
allergic rhinitis, and allergic reactions.  
• Beclomethasone, triamcinolone, flunisolide and fluticasone are applied topically 
through inhalation from a metered-dose dispenser. This minimizes systemic effects 
and allows the patient to significantly reduce or eliminate the use of oral steroids 
. 
3. Acceleration of lung maturation:  
• Respiratory distress syndrome is a problem in premature infants. Fetal cortisol is a 
regulator of lung maturation.  
• Consequently, a dose of betamethasone or dexamethasone is administered 
intramuscularly to the mother 48 hours prior to birth, followed by a second dose 24 
hours before delivery 
4. Autoimmune diseases eg. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia 
5. Neurological, and renal disorders  
6. Treatment of neoplastic disease such leukemia. 
7. Post-transplant surgery to avoid rejection 
8. Collagen vascular diseases: Systemic lupus erythematosus, Polyarteritis 
nodosa, sarcoidosis, polymyositis & rheumatoid arthritis  
9. Eye diseases: uveitis, conjunctivitis, choroiditis (CI in herpes simplex)  
10. Skin diseases: ointments 
11. Gastrointestinal diseases: Inflammatory bowel disease 
12. Hepatic diseases: Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis 
 
 
 
 
Pharmacology-2          Dietitian Program         2024-2025                Prof Dr Manar A Nader
 
 
44 | P a g e  
 
Adverse effects 
• Osteoporosis is the most common adverse effect du

            Quiz: