Переведи The text you've provided seems to be an excerpt from a discussion of political realism in international relations, particularly focusing on the concept of "anarchy" and the implications it has for the behavior of states. Here's a breakdown of the key points that address your questions:

Logic of Political Realists Regarding Anarchy:
Political realists argue that the international system is characterized by "anarchy" because there is no overarching authority to enforce laws or resolve disputes among sovereign states. In this anarchic system, each state acts primarily in its own interest, relying on its own resources and power to achieve its objectives. Because there is no higher power to ensure harmony or cooperation, conflict and competition are inevitable features of international relations.
The Stag Hunt Story:
The stag hunt allegory, used in the text, is a metaphor to illustrate the challenges of cooperation among individuals (or states) in an anarchic setting. In the story, five men agree to cooperate to trap a stag, which requires collaborative effort. However, each man's hunger can also be satisfied by a hare, which can be caught individually. When one man sees a hare, he opts for the immediate reward, undermining the group's efforts to capture the stag and, consequently, causing the cooperative project to fail. Purpose of the Allegory:
The stag hunt highlights the tension between individual self-interest and collective interest. It underscores the difficulty of achieving cooperative outcomes in an environment where each participant must worry about the potential defection or betrayal of others. The story emphasizes that even if cooperation is the rational choice for long-term benefit, the uncertainty about others' actions can lead individuals to prioritize short-term self-interest.
Causes of Conflict:
The inevitability of conflict arises from the fact that, in an anarchic international system, states prioritize their own survival and interests. Uncertainty about others' intentions and the absence of a central authority to enforce rules or agreements mean that states must be prepared to use force if necessary. This leads to a security dilemma, where measures taken by one state to increase its security (e.g., military buildup) can make other states feel less secure, prompting them to respond in kind and potentially leading to arms races and conflicts.
Hypothetical Solutions to Anarchy:
According to the text, there are two potential solutions to the problem of international anarchy:
Imposing Effective Control: One solution is to create an overarching authority or federation with the power to enforce laws and decisions, thus providing order and reducing the likelihood of conflict. Rousseau suggests a strong federal government that can enforce common rules on states, similar to the internal governments of states.
Perfecting States: Another theoretical solution is to change the nature of states to make them perfectly rational and good, so they voluntarily cooperate and abide by mutual rules for the common good. However, given human imperfections and the particular interests of states, this solution is seen as unrealistic.
Both solutions face significant challenges. Establishing an international government capable of overriding state sovereignty is fraught with practical difficulties, while expecting states to become perfectly rational and cooperative ignores the complexities and particularities inherent in state behavior. Thus, while these solutions are theoretically possible, they remain largely speculative and difficult to implement in practice.