У меня есть текст с названием "Aspiring to the Scientific Research":
Searching it again and again means research. The primary reason for the search is basic human curiosity. Research is defined as human activity based on intelligent application in the investigation of matter. The definition of research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating a hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis.
Research can be one of the most interesting features of any degree course as it offers you a measure of control and autonomy over what you learn. It gives you an opportunity to confirm, clarify, pursue – or even discover – new aspects of a subject or topic you are interested in. Research is a process of enquiry and investigation; it is systematic, methodical and ethical; research can help solve practical problems and increase knowledge.
The purpose of research is to:
-Review or synthesize existing knowledge
-Investigate existing situations or problems
-Provide solutions to problems
-Explore and analyse more general issues
-Construct or create new procedures or systems
-Explain a new phenomenon
-Generate new knowledge
Different types of research: explanatory, descriptive, analytical, and predictive.
Explanatory research is undertaken when few or no previous studies exist. The aim is to look for patterns, hypotheses or ideas that can be tested and will form the basis for further research. Typical research techniques would include case studies, observation and reviews of previous related studies and data.
Descriptive research can be used to identify and classify the elements or characteristics of the subject, e.g. a number of days lost because of industrial action. Quantitative techniques are most often used to collect, analyse and summarise data. Analytical research often extends the descriptive approach to suggest or explain why or how something is happening, e.g. underlying causes of industrial action. An important feature of this type of research is in locating and identifying the different factors (or variables) involved. The aim of predictive research is to speculate intelligently on future possibilities, based on close analysis of available evidence of cause and effect, e.g. predicting when and where future industrial action might take place.
Research approaches:
-Quantitative/Qualitative;
-Applies/Fundamental (Basic);
-Deductive/Inductive.
Quantitative versus Qualitative: Quantitative research relates to aspects that can be quantified or can be expressed in terms of quantity. It involves the measurement of quantity or amount. Various available statistical and econometric methods are adopted for analysis in such a research which includes correlation, regressions and time series analysis etc. On the other hand, Qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomena, or more specifically, the aspects related to or involving quality or kind. However, it is worth noting that conducting qualitative research in practice is considerably a difficult task. Thus, while undertaking such research, seeking guidance from experienced expert researchers is important. This research provides scientific information and theories for the explanation of the nature and the properties of the world around us.
Applied versus Fundamental: Research can also be applied or fundamental in nature. An attempt to find a solution to an immediate problem encountered by a firm, an industry, a business organization, or the society is known as applied research. Researchers engaged in such researches aim at drawing certain conclusions confronting a concrete social or business problem. On the other hand, fundamental research mainly concerns generalizations and formulation of a theory. Researchers relating to pure mathematics or concerning some natural phenomenon are instances of fundamental research. Thus, while the principal objective of applied research is to find a solution to some pressing practical problem, the objective of basic research is to find information with a broad base of application and add to the already existing organized body of scientific knowledge.
Many research projects combine a number of approaches, e.g. may use both quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the case of your own proposed research, your own mixtures of these elements will not only determine the subject of the research, but will influence your approach to it. It is important to consider in advance what approach you need to take your research and why.
Steps of a research. The research process involves the following steps:
-Formation of the topic
-Hypothesis
-Conceptual definitions
-Operational definitions
-Data gathering
-Analysis of data
-Test, hypothesis revising
-Conclusion
Though the step order may vary depending on the subject matter and researcher, the steps mentioned above are usually part of most formal research, both basic and applied.
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