User: 

You are given access to make searches on the Internet. The format for making a search is: 1. The user sends a message. 2. You will decide whether to make a search. If you choose to make a search, you will output a single message, containing the word 
 (EXACTLY AS IT IS GIVEN TO YOU), followed by ONLY your web search query. After outputting your search query, you MUST output the token 
 (EXACTLY AS IT IS GIVEN TO YOU) to denote the end of the search query. Keep your search query concise as there is a 400 characters limit.
The system will then append the web search results at the end of the user message, starting with the token 
. Take note that the user CANNOT ACCESS the content under 
 - YOU should incorporate these results into your response. Additionally, If the token 
 is present in the user's message, then you MUST NOT request another web search.

IMPORTANT! You should choose to search the web ONLY if ANY of the following circumstances are met:
1. User is asking about current events or something that requires real-time information (news, sports scores, 'latest' information, etc.)
2. User is asking about some term you are unfamiliar with (e.g. if it's a little-known term, if it's a person you don't know well, etc.)
3. User is asking about anything that involves numerical facts (e.g. distances between places, population count, sizes, date and time, etc.)
4. User explicitly asks you to search or provide links to references.
If the user's query does NOT require a web search, YOU MUST NEVER run one for no reason.
However, NEVER refuse to search the web if the user asks you to provide such information.

When using web search results, you are encouraged to cite references where appropriate, using inline links in standard markdown format.
You are also allowed to make use of web search results from previous messages, if they are STRONGLY RELEVANT to the current message.

When you are not running a web search, respond completely as per normal - there is NO NEED to mention that you're not searching. 
Do your best to be informative. However, you MUST NOT make up any information. If you think you might not know something, search for it.

Assistant: Understood. I will strictly follow these instructions in this conversation.
User: why is height not incomplete dominance


 for "why is height not incomplete dominance":

1.
URL: https://biologydictionary.net/incomplete-dominance/
Title: Incomplete Dominance - Definition and Examples - Biology Dictionary
Content: Answer to Question #1. B is correct. This is an example of codominance, not <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b>, because both phenotypes are shown instead of one intermediate phenotype. 2. A rose shows <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b>; when a red-flowered plant is bred with a white-flowered plant, the offspring are pink with the phenotype Rr.

2.
URL: https://blog.prepscholar.com/difference-between-incomplete-dominance-and-codominance
Title: Incomplete Dominance vs Codominance: What Is the Difference? - PrepScholar
Content: <b>Incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> <b>is</b> when the phenotypes of the two parents blend together to create a new phenotype for their offspring. An example is a white flower and a red flower producing pink flowers. Codominance is when the two parent phenotypes are expressed together in the offspring. An example is a white flower and a red flower producing ...

3.
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/05%3A_Genetic_Analysis_of_Multiple_Genes/5.04%3A_Alleles_at_a_Single_Locus/5.4.05%3A_Types_of_Dominance
Title: Section 5.4.5: Types of Dominance - Biology LibreTexts
Content: Figure 6.5.4 The variety of blood types in humans. Four phenotypes are shown which are A, B, O and AB. These phenotypes are the result of combinations of alleles which exemplify co-<b>dominance</b> (A and B) as well as alleles which exemplify complete <b>dominance</b> (A and B over O). The combinations of alleles result on specific antigens being expressed ...

4.
URL: https://www.sciencefacts.net/incomplete-dominance.html
Title: Incomplete Dominance - Definition, Examples, and Diagrams - Science Facts
Content: <b>Incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> <b>is</b> a type of inheritance pattern in which one allele for a trait is not completely dominant over the other allele. It is nothing but a combined expression of the two alleles in the heterozygous condition producing a blend of the two individual phenotypes. <b>Incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> <b>is</b> also called partial <b>dominance</b> or semi ...

5.
URL: https://microbenotes.com/incomplete-dominance-definition-mechanism-examples/
Title: Incomplete Dominance- Definition, Mechanism, Examples - Microbe Notes
Content: <b>Incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> in humans. This event is particularly rare in humans. However, a few examples are listed below: Crossing of parents with straight and curly hair produces children with semi-curly or wavy hair. <b>Incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> <b>is</b> also visible in human <b>height</b> patterns.

6.
URL: https://sciencing.com/incomplete-dominance-definition-explanation-example-13718440.html
Title: Incomplete Dominance: Definition, Explanation &amp; Example
Content: <b>Incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> results from a dominant/recessive allele pair in which both influence the corresponding trait. In Mendelian inheritance a trait is produced by the dominant allele. ... For example, human <b>height</b> <b>is</b> determined by many genetic factors including <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b>, but nutrition also affects growth and individual <b>height</b>.

7.
URL: https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/incomplete-dominance
Title: Incomplete dominance - Definition and Examples - Biology Online
Content: Defining <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b>. <b>Incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> <b>is</b> defined differently as follows: The <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> <b>is</b> referred to as the dilution of the dominant allele with respect to the recessive allele, resulting in a new heterozygous phenotype. For example, the pink color of flowers (such as snapdragons or four o'clock flowers), the shape of hairs, hand sizes, and voice pitch in humans.

8.
URL: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/heredity/non-mendelian-genetics/a/variations-on-mendels-laws-overview
Title: Variations on Mendel&#x27;s laws (overview) (article) | Khan Academy
Content: Extensions, exceptions, and revisions to these laws. Get an overview of variations on Mendel's laws, including multiple alleles, <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b>, co-<b>dominance</b>, pleiotropy, lethal alleles, sex linkage, genetic interactions, polygenic traits, and environmental effects.

9.
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_Introductory_Biology_(CK-12)/03%3A_Genetics/3.07%3A_Non-Mendelian_Inheritance
Title: 3.7: Non-Mendelian Inheritance - Biology LibreTexts
Content: Mendelian inheritance does not apply to the inheritance of alleles that result in <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> and codominance. Explain <b>why</b> this is so. Describe the relationship between environment and phenotype. Mendel investigated stem length, or <b>height</b>, in pea plants.

10.
URL: https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-dominance-genotype-phenotype-relationships-489/
Title: Genetic Dominance: Genotype-Phenotype Relationships
Content: This intermediate phenotype is a demonstration of partial or <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b>. When partial <b>dominance</b> occurs, a range of phenotypes is usually observed among the offspring. Although the ...

11.
URL: https://pressbooks.umn.edu/introbio/chapter/inheritanceextensions/
Title: 23 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance - University of Minnesota Twin ...
Content: Identify non-Mendelian inheritance patterns such as <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b>, codominance, multiple alleles, and sex linkage from the results of crosses ... one adult's <b>height</b> might be 1.655 m (5.430 feet), and another adult's <b>height</b> might be 1.656 m (5.433 feet). Adult <b>height</b> ranges from less than 5 feet to more than 6 feet, with males being ...

12.
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Genetics/Classical_Genetics_(Khan_Academy)/02%3A_Non-Mendelian_inheritance/2.02%3A_Multiple_alleles_incomplete_dominance_and_codominance
Title: 2.2: Multiple alleles, incomplete dominance, and codominance
Content: Contributors and Attributions. 2.2: Multiple alleles, <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b>, and codominance is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. In the real world, genes often come in many versions (alleles). Alleles aren't always fully dominant or recessive to one another, but may instead display ...

13.
URL: https://www.ck12.org/c/biology/non-mendelian-inheritance/lesson/Non-Mendelian-Inheritance-BIO/
Title: Non-Mendelian Inheritance ( Read ) | Biology - CK-12 Foundation
Content: The types of Non-Mendelian inheritance: codominance, <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b>, multiple alleles, and polygenic traits. How environment affects the phenotype of an individual. [Figure1] [Figure2] [Figure3] Green, blue, brown, black, hazel, violet, or grey. What color are your eyes? Of course, human eyes do not come in multi-color, but they do come ...

14.
URL: https://humanbiology.pressbooks.tru.ca/chapter/5-13-non-mendelian-inheritance/
Title: 5.14 Non-Mendelian Inheritance - Human Biology
Content: <b>Incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> <b>is</b> the case in which the dominant allele for a gene is not completely dominant to a recessive allele for the gene, so an intermediate phenotype occurs in heterozygotes who inherit both alleles. A human example of <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> <b>is</b> Tay Sachs disease, in which heterozygotes produce half as much functional enzyme as ...

15.
URL: https://openstax.org/books/concepts-biology/pages/8-3-extensions-of-the-laws-of-inheritance
Title: 8.3 Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance - OpenStax
Content: Codominance. A variation on <b>incomplete</b> <b>dominance</b> <b>is</b> codominance, in which both alleles for the same characteristic are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygote.An example of codominance occurs in the ABO blood groups of humans. The A and B alleles are expressed in the form of A or B molecules present on the surface of red blood cells.


Assistant: Height is not considered an example of incomplete dominance because it is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors rather than just one or two alleles contributing individually to an intermediate phenotype. Incomplete dominance typically involves a single gene pair where neither allele completely masks the other, resulting in a blended phenotype, such as when red and white flowers produce pink offspring. However, human height is a polygenic trait, meaning it's influenced by many different genes, each contributing to the phenotype in small amounts. Additionally, factors like nutrition and health also play significant roles in determining height, further distinguishing it from the typical inheritance pattern of incomplete dominance [source](https://microbenotes.com/incomplete-dominance-definition-mechanism-examples/).
User: influenced by multiple genes is called...?
Assistant: When a trait is influenced by multiple genes, it is referred to as a polygenic trait. Polygenic inheritance involves numerous genes contributing to a single trait, often resulting in a continuous range of phenotypes. This is different from Mendelian inheritance, where traits are typically determined by a single gene with clear dominant and recessive alleles. Examples of polygenic traits include height, skin color, and eye color.
User: how about continuous vs...?
Assistant: Continuous variation refers to a range of small differences observed in traits, which are typically polygenic, as they are influenced by multiple genes. Traits like height, skin color, and weight often show continuous variation, forming a gradient or spectrum.

In contrast, discontinuous variation, also known as discrete variation, involves traits that fit into distinct categories without intermediate forms. These traits are usually determined by single genes with clear dominant and recessive alleles. Examples include blood type and flower color in some plants, where individuals can be distinctly categorized without intermediate phenotypes. 

Continuous variation often results from the combined effects of many genes (polygenic inheritance) and environmental factors, while discontinuous variation tends to follow Mendelian inheritance patterns.
User: what are the characteristics of continuous variation
Assistant: Continuous variation is characterized by a number of distinct features:

1. **Range of Phenotypes**: Continuous variation results in a spectrum of phenotypes rather than distinct categories. This is often represented as a bell curve in a population.

2. **Polygenic Inheritance**: Traits showing continuous variation are typically polygenic, meaning they are influenced by multiple genes, each contributing a small effect to the trait.

3. **Environmental Influence**: Environmental factors often play a significant role in the expression of traits showing continuous variation. For example, nutrition and lifestyle can affect height and weight.

4. **Quantitative Traits**: Continuous variation is usually associated with quantitative traits that can be measured on a continuous scale, such as height, weight, and skin color.

5. **Additive Effects**: The combined effects of multiple genes and environmental factors contribute additively to the phenotype, leading to the observed continuum of trait expression.

6. **Normal Distribution**: In a large population, these traits often show a normal distribution, with most individuals clustering around the mean phenotype and fewer individuals showing extreme values.

Overall, continuous variation results from the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors, leading to a wide range of observable phenotypes within a population.
User: The law of segregation states that ________
Assistant: The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes (egg and sperm), the alleles for a trait separate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. This principle was first proposed by Gregor Mendel based on his work with pea plants. It means that offspring inherit one allele for each trait from each parent, ensuring that allele pairs are restored during fertilization.
User: what exactly does "separate" mean
Assistant: In the context of the law of segregation, "separate" refers to the process during meiosis where the two alleles for a given trait located on homologous chromosomes are divided into different gametes. This means that each gamete receives only one allele from each pair.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes are paired and then separated into different cells. This separation ensures that when gametes (sperm or egg cells) are formed, they contain just one allele for each gene rather than the full complement that exists in a diploid cell. Upon fertilization, when two gametes combine, the alleles pair up again, restoring the diploid state in the offspring. This process explains why offspring inherit one allele from each parent and how genetic variation
User: 50% of offspring would have the same phenotype as the parents if the cross was Yy by Yy? t/f
Assistant: True. If you cross two heterozygous individuals (Yy x Yy), the expected genotypic ratio from this monohybrid cross is 1:2:1 (YY:Yy:yy). The phenotypic ratio, assuming complete dominance where "Y" is dominant over "y", would be 3:1. This means that approximately 75% of the offspring will exhibit the dominant phenotype (YY or Yy), and 25% will exhibit the recessive phenotype (yy). Therefore, 50% of the offspring (the ones that are Yy) will have the same heterozygous genotype as the parents.
User: Incomplete Dominance refers to what,
Assistant: