Directions: Read the passages and determine how each is mainly structured. Choose your answer from the list of words below and write the letter of your choice. List all the signal words used in the text and then determine the structure of the text.

a. cause-effect

b. compare - contrast

c. sequence

d. descriptive

e. question-answer

f. problem-solution

1. Apple's newly unveiled flagship is the iPhone XS which comes hot of the heels of Sony's latest contender, the Xperia XZ3. They're both attractive, but which is best? Let's take a closer look. Both phones are prone to cracks and scratches because of all that glass. But, they differ in water-resistant capacity. iPhone XS has IP68 rating allows them to be submerged for up to half an hour in up to 2 meters of water. While, the Xperia XZ3 has an additional IP65 rating which covers jets of water from any direction. With these, Japanese manufacturer Sony has struggled to gain a foothold in the smartphone market, while its American competitor iPhone has dominated.

2. Since I made it to the honor roll every quarter this year, my mom is going to buy me a new phone for my birthday. So, I feel so excited whether to get an iPhone or a Galaxy. Getting one would give me a chance to go through my old music collection. That would be cool. It's worth a shot.

3. What type of plant is a corn? Corn belongs to a family of grass. It is a

grass with seeds called kernels. Very few kernels grew on wild corn grass. It took

thousands of years of choosing the corn grass plants with the biggest seeds, or

kernels, to make what we enjoy today as corn on the cob. Now, we all know that corn

is a grass.

4. The foundation of every pizza is the crust, and good crust comes from good dough. In making a dough, start by adding your yeast sachet to a cup of warm water. Let the yeast activate, then add two cups of flour, two tablespoons of olive oil, two teaspoons of sugar, and a teaspoon of salt. Mix all of those together and wait half an hour for the dough to rise. Now, you're ready to roll the dough out!

5. The purpose of any artwork is to communicate a message - to comment, scream or sing about the world in which we find ourselves in. If there is no emotion behind the work, there is no driving force - nothing to direct and shape your decision making. So, why do you want to create an artwork? What is your purpose in doing such?

6. Thousands of people die each year in car accidents involving drugs or

alcohol. Lives could be saved if our city adopts a free public vehicle service. By  providing such a service, we could prevent intoxicated drivers from endangering

themselves or others. 7. Ice-cream is a delicious frozen treat that comes in a many different colors and flavors. Two of my favorite flavors are strawberry and chocolate. These flavors are delicious. I love the strawberry flavor for the granules of the fruit slowly melts in my mouth as I savor the taste. Also, chocolate flavor is mouth-watering for it gives you a bittersweet and creamy tastes. Even though more chocolate ice-cream is sold across the country than strawberry, each flavor tastes great inside of a milk shake.

8. People of all ages benefit from regular physical activity. Physical activity leads to improved physical fitness. Consequently, it helps the body systems to function at their optimal efficiency associated with an individual's ability to work effectively, to enjoy leisure time, to resist disease and to respond easily to emergency situations.

9. Linux and Windows are both operating systems. Computers use them to run programs. Linux is totally free and open source, so users can improve or otherwise modify the source code. Windows is proprietary, so it costs money to use and users are prohibited from altering the source code.

10. If you use too much effort in pitching the ball without rest, a serious elbow or shoulder may be on the horizon. If you complain of elbow or shoulder pain, see a physician familiar with sports injuries. But then, it is recommended to warm up properly by doing body stretching, running and gradual pitching to prevent injuries. Of course, do not play all year round because your body needs to recover from the physical demands of playing.