Проаналізуй це все:

Vocabulary notes
1. Pull rank. To use superior status to obtain something, often used when unfair
advantage is taken so that the most senior person grabs the most important benefits –
скористатися своїм/вищим службовим становищем, e.g. The Chief Executive pulled
rank to get the best room in the hotel, even though it had been reserved for the
Production Director.
2. Enlist, v. In the text was used in the meaning “to involve”. Usually means:
1) to employ someone to join a group, company or team – набирати,
зараховувати (в організацію), заручитися (підтримкою), e.g. The Public Relations
company enlisted the services of the famous footballer to promote the new hair styling
product.
2) to persuade someone to support the views or ideas of a competing group –
завербувати, заручитися (підтримкою), e.g. They enlisted the singer to promote the
right-wing political candidate.
3) to enroll someone or be enrolled into the military services – вербувати або
(добровільно) вступати на військову службу, e.g. She decided to enlist in the Army.
3. Undulating, v. Gently rising and falling in outline – хвилястий; той, що має
пагорбисту поверхню (про місцевість), e.g. The undulating horizon was pleasing to
the eye.
4. Copse, n. A small group of trees, usually specially grown for periodic cutting –
посадка, зарості, молодий лісок або гайок, e.g. She wondered why there was a copse
of birch trees in the middle of the large ploughed field.
5. Vestige, n. A mark, trace or visible sign of something no longer present, a
surviving remnant – слід, залишок, e.g. Despite Cadbury Castle in Dorset having once
been the probable seat of the King of England, there is no vestige of any building left.
6. Discern, v.
1) to distinguish by sight or one of the other senses – розгледіти, побачити,
почути, відчути, e.g. She could just discern the sound of her mobile phone ringing.
2) to recognize something through the intellect – помітити, бачити, розпізнати,
розрізняти, вбачати, e.g. She strongly discerned the emotion in the symphony.
7. Reservoir, n. A place where a reserve of something is kept, usually water, most
often used to denote a large natural or man-made pool for storing water – басейн,
водойма, резервуар, сховище, e.g. The Dnipro valley was flooded to form the “Kyiv
Sea” which acts as a reservoir for the capital.
8. Port of call. The original meaning was literally a stopping-point for a ship on a
journey; the itinerary of ports. The more common figurative meaning today is a planned
stopping-place on any journey – порт заходження/призначення, e.g. They’d have
arrived at the party a lot earlier if they hadn’t decided to make a port of call at the pub.
9. Ply, v.
1) to travel more or less regularly between specified points, most commonly used
for ships and boats – курсувати, снувати, сновигати, e.g. The ships plied between the
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Baltic ports.
2) to devote energy to and work at a business – займатися чимось, старанно
працювати, e.g. The stallholders plied their trade at several regular markets.
10. Paymaster, n. Used as a formal title still in the Army, for those who literally
are involved in paying the troops – військовий скарбник. It is also frequently met in
the sense of describing those who pay; the public, in this context – особи, які
оплачують витрати, e.g. Many television celebrities and footballers forget that the
public are their paymasters.
11. Lollop, v. To move in an ungainly manner, to heave up and down or jump
clumsily in the manner of a rabbit. The word is regarded as childish by some and
colloquial by others – irrespective, its onomatopoeic form is highly descriptive.
Підстрибувати, підскакувати, e.g. “I’m supposed to be her companion. Why else
should I be lolloping about the Soviet Union”? (Beryl Bainbridge)
12. Hutch, n. A cage or box for small pet animals – клітка (для кролів, нутрій
тощо), e.g. His daughter pestered him to get her a guinea pig with a hutch.
13. Lozenge, n.
1) a four-sided geometric figure in the shape of a rhombus – ромб, фігура такої
форми, e.g. The city’s coat of arms included four red ozenges.
2) a small sweet or medicinal tablet for dissolving in the mouth – таблетка для
смоктання, пастилка, e.g. “Suck one of these throat lozenges every four hours until the
pain lessens”.
14. Turbot, n. A large, speckled, pale brown, diamond-shaped flatfish, fished in
the North Sea and eaten in North Western Europe – палтус, e.g. She couldn’t decide
whether to order cod, plaice or turbot at the Fish and Chip shop.
15. Sedimentary rock. A geological term for rock formed from sediment, small
particles which fall to the bottom of the sea or river – скеля з осадових порід, e.g.
Some areas of sedimentary rock are rich in fossils.
16. Cardinal points of the compass. One of the four major markings on a
compass; North, South, East and West – сторони світу, e.g. His new watch had the
cardinal points of the compass marked on its face.
17. Flint, n.
1) a rock which forms a very sharp edge when broken by hammering – кремінь,
e.g. Flint is usually found as hard rounded rocks of almost pure silica.
2) a very important cutting-edge for people in the Stone Age – кремнієве
знаряддя праці, e.g. Finding flint arrowheads was key evidence that the area had been a
settlement in the Stone Age.
18. Chine, dial., n. A gorge or ravine cut through chalk by running water now used
almost exclusively in the counties of Dorset and the Isle of Wight- ущелина, e.g. They
spent the day picnicking by Blackgang Chine, right.
19. Bungaloid, adj. A rare word, often used in a derogatory sense to describe areas
where bungalows predominate. Many regions of Britain have high concentrations of
retired people who live in bungalows, single-storey buildings, once they find it difficult
to climb stairs. Такий, де переважає забудова одноповерховими будинками типу
бунгало. Бунгалоїдний.
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20. Dystopia, n. A hell created on earth, where most elements of society have gone
wrong – дистопія. The antonym of Utopia, e.g. Some of the most famous dystopias in
literature are described in George Orwell’s “1984”, Aldous Huxley’s “Brave New
World” and Yevgeniy Zamyatin’s “We”.
21. Tartishly, adv. There are two main meanings of the word, derived from ‘tart’
adj. meaning ‘sour’ and ‘tart’ n meaning ‘prostitute’. Barnes implies the latter in the
text. Різкуватий, з викликом, той або та, хто поводиться як проститутка, e.g.
Andriy described her as behaving ‘coquettishly’ while Oleh said she was behaving
‘tartishly’, while I couldn’t see any difference between what they meant.
22. Alum, n. A generic chemical name for salts of aluminium – most of which are
very brightly coloured. When mixed with sand, multi-coloured cliffs and beaches may
be found in a few locations around the world. Alum Bay on the Isle of Wight is one of
them. Галун, e.g. Many alums were used in the dyeing of cloth in the Middle Ages.
23. Bugger, n, slang. A highly stylistic way of describing a person or a creature in
contemporary English. Груб. тип. Тут: чортяка, паразит, e.g. “Just look at those stupid
buggers walking right by the edge of the cliff!”
24. Tufty, adj. Usually a zoological term to describe animals or birds who have
tufts (пучки) of fur or feathers. Чубатий, кошлатий, e.g. Eurasian Eagle Owls have
tufty ears.
25. Endangered, adj. In danger (of becoming extinct) – ті, що знаходяться під
загрозою (вимирання), e.g. We should preserve endangered species.
Endanger, v. Put in danger – піддавати небезпеці, ставити під загрозу, e.g. No
woman wants her loved ones endangered. This epidemic might endanger everybody in
this area