Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            ll be dyne/cm2]
Other units:  1atm= 1.013 x105 Pa= 760 mm Hg
                            1 torr = 1 mm Hg.
Example 2: estimate the force exerted on your eardrum due to the atmospheric pressure if the area of the eardrum is 10-4 m2.
Solution:
The atmospheric pressure P= 1 atm= 1.013x105 N/m2 (Pa)
The area = 10-4 m2
P=F/A                F=PXA= (1.013x105) X (10-4) = 10.13 N.



Manometer:
Used to : measure the pressure of a gas contained in a vessel is the open tube manometer.  
The gas presure P=P0 + ρgh [P is  absolute pressure].
So, the difference in pressure P- P0 = ρgh
P- P0  called  "gauge pressure" 



Surface Tension
A small insect resting on the surface of a pond or lake is a common sight in the summertime. If you look carefully, you can see that the insect creates tiny dimples in the water′s surface, almost as if it were supported by a thin sheet of rubber. In fact the surface of water and other fluids behaves in many respects as if it were an elastic membrane. This effect is known as surface tension. In fact, even a needle or a razor blade can be supported on the surface of water if they are put into place gently, even though they have densities significantly greater than the density of water. 

SURFACE TENSION
Definition (1): The work done per unit area  in increasing the surface area of a liquid.
T= work done(joule or erg)/increase in  surface area (m2 or cm2) [Unit: J/ m2 or erg/  cm2 ]

Definition (2): The force acting  perpendicular per unit length.
T= force (newton or dyne)/increase in length  (m or cm) [Unit: N/ m or dyne/ cm ]
THE SURFACE OF LIQUID
Cohesive force
between	like	molecules
It	is	the	interaction	forces
,	i.e.
liquid molecules.
Adhesive force
It is the interaction forces  between unlike molecules, i.e.  liquid molecules and glass  container molecules.
ADHESIVE FORCE > COHESIVE FORCE THE SURFACE IS CONCAVE
ADHESIVE FORCE < COHESIVE FORCE
THE SURFACE IS CONVEX


THE ANGLE OF CONTACT
It is the angle between the glass wall  in contact with the liquid and the  tangent to the surface of the liquid  at the point of contact.

Viscosity is the resistance to flow experienced as the internal layers of fluid (liquid or gas) move over each other. 
Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid (liquid or gas) to a change in shape or movement of neighboring portions relative to one another. Viscosity denotes opposition to flow. 
viscosity 

(part 2: fluid dynamic)Types of flow:
Laminar or steady flow:
Each particle of the fluid follows in a smooth path and 
parallel to each other with same velocity.
The bath of the particles called streamline.

Turbulent flow:
This type of flow is characterized by irregularities and randomization (different velocities).
It occurs in high speeds.

The continuity equation: 


Force.First law of newton.Second law of newton.Third law of newton.
Lecture 10: force and newtons laws of motion

Forces and newton's laws of motion.
The concept of forces and mass:
Force: is a push or a pull.
Notes:
Force is a

            Quiz: