shorten the definitions

Split of the Roman Empire:
The Split of the Roman Empire refers to the division of the Roman Empire into Western and Eastern (Byzantine) Empires around 285 AD, finalized in 395 AD, which led to the decline of the Western Empire and the survival of the Eastern Empire, preserving Roman and Greek culture.
Barbarian Invasion:
Barbarian Invasions were migrations and invasions by Germanic tribes into the Western Roman Empire between the 4th and 6th centuries, contributing to the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval European kingdoms.
Power Vacuum:
A Power Vacuum is a situation with no central authority or leadership, often after a major power collapses, allowing barbarian tribes to establish their own kingdoms and leading to Europe's political fragmentation.
Decentralized Power:
Decentralized Power is a system where authority is distributed to local or regional leaders rather than centralized, characterizing medieval Europe’s feudal system and limiting strong centralized states until later periods.
Charlemagne:
Charlemagne was the King of the Franks and Lombards, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 AD, who unified much of Europe, promoted Christianity, and initiated the Carolingian Renaissance.
The Holy Roman Empire:
The Holy Roman Empire was a central European multi-ethnic empire founded in 800 AD and lasting until 1806, which unified various Germanic states and blended Roman, Christian, and Germanic traditions for centuries.
Centralized Power:
Centralized Power is a governance system where authority is concentrated in a central government, enabling uniform policies and efficient administration, paving the way for modern nation-states.
Feudalism:
Feudalism was a medieval system where land was exchanged for military service and loyalty, structuring society, defining social hierarchy, and maintaining political stability in Europe.
Manor System:
The Manor System was the economic and social structure centered around a lord’s estate in medieval Europe, organizing agricultural production and reinforcing the feudal hierarchy.
Knights:
Knights were armored, mounted warriors serving lords in medieval Europe, essential for warfare and defense, symbolizing nobility, and upholding feudal loyalty.
Fief:
A Fief was land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty, central to feudal relationships by providing economic and social structure.
Serf:
A Serf was a peasant bound to work on a lord’s manor without owning the land, forming the labor backbone of the agrarian economy and reinforcing the feudal social hierarchy.
Power of the Church:
The Power of the Church refers to the extensive influence of the Christian Church in medieval society, controlling education, morality, and politics, legitimizing rulers, and shaping cultural norms.
Secular:
Secular pertains to non-religious aspects of society, culture, or governance, marking the separation from Church authority and laying foundations for modern political systems.
Canon Law:
Canon Law consists of Church-developed laws governing religious practices and clergy, influencing societal norms and sometimes conflicting with secular laws, shaping church-state relations.
Justinian’s Code:
Justinian’s Code was a 6th-century collection of Roman laws compiled under Emperor Justinian I, preserving Roman law and influencing European legal systems and medieval scholarship.
Magna Carta:
The Magna Carta is a 1215 charter limiting the English king’s power and protecting certain rights, serving as a foundation for constitutional governance and the rule of law, and influencing democratic principles.
The Plague:
The Plague, specifically the Black Death, was a pandemic that killed millions in Europe from 1347 to 1351, causing labor shortages, weakening feudalism, and leading to significant social and economic changes.
Islam:
Islam is a monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century by Prophet Muhammad, based on the Qur’an, which influenced vast regions culturally, politically, and scientifically, shaping global history.
Muhammad:
Muhammad, the founder of Islam and regarded as the last prophet, received the Qur’an, unified Arabia under Islam, and established the foundations for Islamic civilization.
5 Pillars:
The 5 Pillars of Islam are core Islamic practices—faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage—that serve as essential acts of worship guiding Muslim life and fostering community unity.
Qur’ān:
The Qur’ān is Islam’s holy scripture, believed to be the word of God as revealed to Muhammad, serving as the primary source for Islamic theology, law, and ethics, and guiding all aspects of Muslim life.
Mosque:
A Mosque is a Muslim place of worship for prayer and community activities, central to Muslim spiritual and social life, and important in Islamic architecture.
Shari’a:
Shari’a is Islamic law derived from the Qur’an and Hadith, governing religious rituals, personal conduct, and legal matters in Muslim societies.
Sunnah:
Sunnah consists of the traditions and practices of Prophet Muhammad, providing guidance on implementing Islamic principles alongside the Qur’an.
Caliphate/Caliph:
A Caliphate is an Islamic government led by a caliph, the successor to Muhammad, representing Muslim unity and leadership, and being crucial in the expansion and governance of Islamic empires.
Spread of Islam:
The Spread of Islam refers to the expansion of Islamic territories and faith through conquest, trade, and missions from the 7th century onward, leading to the establishment of vast empires, cultural exchanges, and advancements in various fields.
Islamic Schism:
The Islamic Schism is the division of Islam into major sects, primarily Sunni and Shia, creating lasting religious, political, and cultural differences that affect the Muslim world.
Sunni:
Sunni is the largest branch of Islam, believing the first four caliphs were rightful leaders, and is dominant in most Muslim-majority countries, shaping Islamic jurisprudence and politics.
Shia:
Shia is a major Islamic branch that holds leadership should stay within Muhammad’s family, specifically Ali’s lineage, and is significant in countries like Iran and Iraq, influencing political structures and sectarian relations.
The First Crusade:
The First Crusade was a 1096-1099 campaign by Western Christians to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslims, fueled by religious zeal, political alliances, and socio-economic factors, initiating ongoing Crusades.
Impact of The First Crusade:
The First Crusade led to the capture of Jerusalem and the establishment of Crusader states, changing Christian-Muslim relations, influencing European and Middle Eastern politics, and promoting cultural exchanges.
Pope Leo III:
Pope Leo III, who served from 795 to 816 AD, was known for crowning Charlemagne as Emperor in 800 AD, thereby strengthening Church-empire alliances and establishing the precedent for papal endorsement of rulers.