Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            nce of an emergency happening, or reduce the 
damaging effects of unavoidable emergencies.  
73 
 
 
 
minimizing their 
effects 
 
Buying flood and fire insurance for your home is a 
mitigation activity.  
Mitigation activities take place before and after 
emergencies. 
 
Preparedness 
Preparing to handle 
an emergency 
 
Includes plans or preparations made to save lives and to 
help response and rescue operations.  
Evacuation plans and stocking food and water are both 
examples of preparedness.  
Preparedness activities take place before an emergency 
occurs. 
 
Response 
Responding safely to 
an emergency 
 
Includes actions taken to save lives and prevent further 
property damage in an emergency situation. Response is 
putting your preparedness plans into action.  
Seeking shelter from a tornado or turning off gas valves in 
an earthquake are both response activities.  
Response activities take place during an emergency. 
 
Recovery 
Recovering from an 
emergency 
 
Includes actions taken to return to a normal or an even safer 
situation following an emergency.  
Recovery includes getting financial assistance to help pay 
for the repairs.  
Recovery activities take place after an emergency. 
 
 
 
 
 
Phase 1: Mitigation 
Meaning: To prevent future emergencies and take steps to minimize 
their effects 
74 
 
 
 
The mitigation phase occurs before a disaster takes place. Here, an 
organization will take steps to protect people and property, while also 
decreasing risks and consequences from a given disaster situation. The 
organization’s main goal is to reduce vulnerability to disaster impacts 
(such as property damage, injuries, and loss of life). 
Examples of mitigation may can include measures such as: 
• Clearing space around buildings to create a defensible space 
against fires 
• Adding levees or improving property drainage to protect from 
flooding 
• Securing furniture to floors and walls to help prevent 
damage/injuries during earthquakes 
• Re-locating structures to less disaster-prone areas 
 
Phase 2: Disaster Preparedness  
The goal of emergency preparedness programmes is to achieve a satisfactory level 
of readiness to respond to any emergency situation through programmes that 
strengthen the technical and managerial capacity of governments, organizations, 
and communities 
Disaster preparedness is defined as a state of readiness to respond to a disaster, 
crisis, or any other type of emergency situation.. 
During the preparedness phase, governments, organizations, and individuals 
develop plans to save lives, minimize disaster damage, and enhance disaster 
response operations.  
75 
 
 
 
Preparedness consists of three basic steps: 
• Preparing a plan 
• Training to the plan 
• Exercising the plan.  
 
Planning for various disasters: 
Two strategies for disaster planning include the  
• agent-specific  
• all-hazards approaches.  
In agent-specific planning, communities only plan for threats most likely to occur 
in their regio

            Quiz: