You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


package dockerfile // import "github.com/docker/docker/builder/dockerfile"

import (
	"archive/tar"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"mime"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/docker/docker/builder"
	"github.com/docker/docker/builder/remotecontext"
	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/archive"
	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/containerfs"
	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/idtools"
	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/ioutils"
	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/progress"
	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/streamformatter"
	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/system"
	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/urlutil"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
)

const unnamedFilename = "__unnamed__"

type pathCache interface {
	Load(key interface{}) (value interface{}, ok bool)
	Store(key, value interface{})
}

// copyInfo is a data object which stores the metadata about each source file in
// a copyInstruction
type copyInfo struct {
	root         containerfs.ContainerFS
	path         string
	hash         string
	noDecompress bool
}

func (c copyInfo) fullPath() (string, error) {
	return c.root.ResolveScopedPath(c.path, true)
}

func newCopyInfoFromSource(source builder.Source, path string, hash string) copyInfo {
	return copyInfo{root: source.Root(), path: path, hash: hash}
}

func newCopyInfos(copyInfos ...copyInfo) []copyInfo {
	return copyInfos
}

// copyInstruction is a fully parsed COPY or ADD command that is passed to
// Builder.performCopy to copy files into the image filesystem
type copyInstruction struct {
	cmdName                 string
	infos                   []copyInfo
	dest                    string
	chownStr                string
	allowLocalDecompression bool
}

// copier reads a raw COPY or ADD command, fetches remote sources using a downloader,
// and creates a copyInstruction
type copier struct {
	imageSource *imageMount
	source      builder.Source
	pathCache   pathCache
	download    sourceDownloader
	platform    string
	// for cleanup. TODO: having copier.cleanup() is error prone and hard to
	// follow. Code calling performCopy should manage the lifecycle of its params.
	// Copier should take override source as input, not imageMount.
	activeLayer builder.RWLayer
	tmpPaths    []string
}

func copierFromDispatchRequest(req dispatchRequest, download sourceDownloader, imageSource *imageMount) copier {
	return copier{
		source:      req.source,
		pathCache:   req.builder.pathCache,
		download:    download,
		imageSource: imageSource,
		platform:    req.builder.options.Platform,
	}
}

func (o *copier) createCopyInstruction(args []string, cmdName string) (copyInstruction, error) {
	inst := copyInstruction{cmdName: cmdName}
	last := len(args) - 1

	// Work in platform-specific filepath semantics
	inst.dest = fromSlash(args[last], o.platform)
	separator := string(separator(o.platform))
	infos, err := o.getCopyInfosForSourcePaths(args[0:last], inst.dest)
	if err != nil {
		return inst, errors.Wrapf(err, "%s failed", cmdName)
	}
	if len(infos) > 1 && !strings.HasSuffix(inst.dest, separator) {
		return inst, errors.Errorf("When using %s with more than one source file, the destination must be a directory and end with a /", cmdName)
	}
	inst.infos = infos
	return inst, nil
}

// getCopyInfosForSourcePaths iterates over the source files and calculate the info
// needed to copy (e.g. hash value if cached)
// The dest is used in case source is URL (and ends with "/")
func (o *copier) getCopyInfosForSourcePaths(sources []string, dest string) ([]copyInfo, error) {
	var infos []copyInfo
	for _, orig := range sources {
		subinfos, err := o.getCopyInfoForSourcePath(orig, dest)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		infos = append(infos, subinfos...)
	}

	if len(infos) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("no source files were specified")
	}
	return infos, nil
}

func (o *copier) getCopyInfoForSourcePath(orig, dest string) ([]copyInfo, error) {
	if !urlutil.IsURL(orig) {
		return o.calcCopyInfo(orig, true)
	}

	remote, path, err := o.download(orig)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// If path == "" then we are unable to determine filename from src
	// We have to make sure dest is available
	if path == "" {
		if strings.HasSuffix(dest, "/") {
			return nil, errors.Errorf("cannot determine filename for source %s", orig)
		}
		path = unnamedFilename
	}
	o.tmpPaths = append(o.tmpPaths, remote.Root().Path())

	hash, err := remote.Hash(path)
	ci := newCopyInfoFromSource(remote, path, hash)
	ci.noDecompress = true // data from http shouldn't be extracted even on ADD
	return newCopyInfos(ci), err
}

// Cleanup removes any temporary directories created as part of downloading
// remote files.
func (o *copier) Cleanup() {
	for _, path := range o.tmpPaths {
		os.RemoveAll(path)
	}
	o.tmpPaths = []string{}
	if o.activeLayer != nil {
		o.activeLayer.Release()
		o.activeLayer = nil
	}
}

// TODO: allowWildcards can probably be removed by refactoring this function further.
func (o *copier) calcCopyInfo(origPath string, allowWildcards bool) ([]copyInfo, error) {
	imageSource := o.imageSource

	// TODO: do this when creating copier. Requires validateCopySourcePath
	// (and other below) to be aware of the difference sources. Why is it only
	// done on image Source?
	if imageSource != nil {
		var err error
		rwLayer, err := imageSource.NewRWLayer()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		o.activeLayer = rwLayer

		o.source, err = remotecontext.NewLazySource(rwLayer.Root())
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create context for copy from %s", rwLayer.Root().Path())
		}
	}

	if o.source == nil {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("missing build context")
	}

	root := o.source.Root()

	if err := validateCopySourcePath(imageSource, origPath, root.OS()); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Work in source OS specific filepath semantics
	// For LCOW, this is NOT the daemon OS.
	origPath = root.FromSlash(origPath)
	origPath = strings.TrimPrefix(origPath, string(root.Separator()))
	origPath = strings.TrimPrefix(origPath, "."+string(root.Separator()))

	// Deal with wildcards
	if allowWildcards && containsWildcards(origPath, root.OS()) {
		return o.copyWithWildcards(origPath)
	}

	if imageSource != nil && imageSource.ImageID() != "" {
		// return a cached copy if one exists
		if h, ok := o.pathCache.Load(imageSource.ImageID() + origPath); ok {
			return newCopyInfos(newCopyInfoFromSource(o.source, origPath, h.(string))), nil
		}
	}

	// Deal with the single file case
	copyInfo, err := copyInfoForFile(o.source, origPath)
	switch {
	case err != nil:
		return nil, err
	case copyInfo.hash != "":
		o.storeInPathCache(imageSource, origPath, copyInfo.hash)
		return newCopyInfos(copyInfo), err
	}

	// TODO: remove, handle dirs in Hash()
	subfiles, err := walkSource(o.source, origPath)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	hash := hashStringSlice("dir", subfiles)
	o.storeInPathCache(imageSource, origPath, hash)
	return newCopyInfos(newCopyInfoFromSource(o.source, origPath, hash)), nil
}

func containsWildcards(name, platform string) bool {
	isWindows := platform == "windows"
	for i := 0; i < len(name); i++ {
		ch := name[i]
		if ch == '\\' && !isWindows {
			i++
		} else if ch == '*' || ch == '?' || ch == '[' {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

func (o *copier) storeInPathCache(im *imageMount, path string, hash string) {
	if im != nil {
		o.pathCache.Store(im.ImageID()+path, hash)
	}
}

func (o *copier) copyWithWildcards(origPath string) ([]copyInfo, error) {
	root := o.source.Root()
	var copyInfos []copyInfo
	if err := root.Walk(root.Path(), func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		rel, err := remotecontext.Rel(root, path)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if rel == "." {
			return nil
		}
		if match, _ := root.Match(origPath, rel); !match {
			return nil
		}

		// Note we set allowWildcards to false in case the name has
		// a * in it
		subInfos, err := o.calcCopyInfo(rel, false)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		copyInfos = append(copyInfos, subInfos...)
		return nil
	}); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return copyInfos, nil
}

func copyInfoForFile(source builder.Source, path string) (copyInfo, error) {
	fi, err := remotecontext.StatAt(source, path)
	if err != nil {
		return copyInfo{}, err
	}

	if fi.IsDir() {
		return copyInfo{}, nil
	}
	hash, err := source.Hash(path)
	if err != nil {
		return copyInfo{}, err
	}
	return newCopyInfoFromSource(source, path, "file:"+hash), nil
}

// TODO: dedupe with copyWithWildcards()
func walkSource(source builder.Source, origPath string) ([]string, error) {
	fp, err := remotecontext.FullPath(source, origPath)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// Must be a dir
	var subfiles []string
	err = source.Root().Walk(fp, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		rel, err := remotecontext.Rel(source.Root(), path)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if rel == "." {
			return nil
		}
		hash, err := source.Hash(rel)
		if err != nil {
			return nil
		}
		// we already checked handleHash above
		subfiles = append(subfiles, hash)
		return nil
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	sort.Strings(subfiles)
	return subfiles, nil
}

type sourceDownloader func(string) (builder.Source, string, error)

func newRemoteSourceDownloader(output, stdout io.Writer) sourceDownloader {
	return func(url string) (builder.Source, string, error) {
		return downloadSource(output, stdout, url)
	}
}

func errOnSourceDownload(_ string) (builder.Source, string, error) {
	return nil, "", errors.New("source can't be a URL for COPY")
}

func getFilenameForDownload(path string, resp *http.Response) string {
	// Guess filename based on source
	if path != "" && !strings.HasSuffix(path, "/") {
		if filename := filepath.Base(filepath.FromSlash(path)); filename != "" {
			return filename
		}
	}

	// Guess filename based on Content-Disposition
	if contentDisposition := resp.Header.Get("Content-Disposition"); contentDisposition != "" {
		if _, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(contentDisposition); err == nil {
			if params["filename"] != "" && !strings.HasSuffix(params["filename"], "/") {
				if filename := filepath.Base(filepath.FromSlash(params["filename"])); filename != "" {
					return filename
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return ""
}

func downloadSource(output io.Writer, stdout io.Writer, srcURL string) (remote builder.Source, p string, err error) {
	u, err := url.Parse(srcURL)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	resp, err := remotecontext.GetWithStatusError(srcURL)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	filename := getFilenameForDownload(u.Path, resp)

	// Prepare file in a tmp dir
	tmpDir, err := ioutils.TempDir("", "docker-remote")
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	defer func() {
		if err != nil {
			os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
		}
	}()
	// If filename is empty, the returned filename will be "" but
	// the tmp filename will be created as "__unnamed__"
	tmpFileName := filename
	if filename == "" {
		tmpFileName = unnamedFilename
	}
	tmpFileName = filepath.Join(tmpDir, tmpFileName)
	tmpFile, err := os.OpenFile(tmpFileName, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL, 0600)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	progressOutput := streamformatter.NewJSONProgressOutput(output, true)
	progressReader := progress.NewProgressReader(resp.Body, progressOutput, resp.ContentLength, "", "Downloading")
	// Download and dump result to tmp file
	// TODO: add filehash directly
	if _, err = io.Copy(tmpFile, progressReader); err != nil {
		tmpFile.Close()
		return
	}
	// TODO: how important is this random blank line to the output?
	fmt.Fprintln(stdout)

	// Set the mtime to the Last-Modified header value if present
	// Otherwise just remove atime and mtime
	mTime := time.Time{}

	lastMod := resp.Header.Get("Last-Modified")
	if lastMod != "" {
		// If we can't parse it then just let it default to 'zero'
		// otherwise use the parsed time value
		if parsedMTime, err := http.ParseTime(lastMod); err == nil {
			mTime = parsedMTime
		}
	}

	tmpFile.Close()

	if err = system.Chtimes(tmpFileName, mTime, mTime); err != nil {
		return
	}

	lc, err := remotecontext.NewLazySource(containerfs.NewLocalContainerFS(tmpDir))
	return lc, filename, err
}

type copyFileOptions struct {
	decompress bool
	chownPair  idtools.IDPair
	archiver   Archiver
}

type copyEndpoint struct {
	driver containerfs.Driver
	path   string
}

func performCopyForInfo(dest copyInfo, source copyInfo, options copyFileOptions) error {
	srcPath, err := source.fullPath()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	destPath, err := dest.fullPath()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	archiver := options.archiver

	srcEndpoint := &copyEndpoint{driver: source.root, path: srcPath}
	destEndpoint := &copyEndpoint{driver: dest.root, path: destPath}

	src, err := source.root.Stat(srcPath)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrapf(err, "source path not found")
	}
	if src.IsDir() {
		return copyDirectory(archiver, srcEndpoint, destEndpoint, options.chownPair)
	}
	if options.decompress && isArchivePath(source.root, srcPath) && !source.noDecompress {
		return archiver.UntarPath(srcPath, destPath)
	}

	destExistsAsDir, err := isExistingDirectory(destEndpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// dest.path must be used because destPath has already been cleaned of any
	// trailing slash
	if endsInSlash(dest.root, dest.path) || destExistsAsDir {
		// source.path must be used to get the correct filename when the source
		// is a symlink
		destPath = dest.root.Join(destPath, source.root.Base(source.path))
		destEndpoint = &copyEndpoint{driver: dest.root, path: destPath}
	}
	return copyFile(archiver, srcEndpoint, destEndpoint, options.chownPair)
}

func isArchivePath(driver containerfs.ContainerFS, path string) bool {
	file, err := driver.Open(path)
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	defer file.Close()
	rdr, err := archive.DecompressStream(file)
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	r := tar.NewReader(rdr)
	_, err = r.Next()
	return err == nil
}

func copyDirectory(archiver Archiver, source, dest *copyEndpoint, chownPair idtools.IDPair) error {
	destExists, err := isExistingDirectory(dest)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to query destination path")
	}

	if err := archiver.CopyWithTar(source.path, dest.path); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to copy directory")
	}
	// TODO: @gupta-ak. Investigate how LCOW permission mappings will work.
	return fixPermissions(source.path, dest.path, chownPair, !destExists)
}

func copyFile(archiver Archiver, source, dest *copyEndpoint, chownPair idtools.IDPair) error {
	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && dest.driver.OS() == "linux" {
		// LCOW
		if err := dest.driver.MkdirAll(dest.driver.Dir(dest.path), 0755); err != nil {
			return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create new directory")
		}
	} else {
		if err := idtools.MkdirAllAndChownNew(filepath.Dir(dest.path), 0755, chownPair); err != nil {
			// Normal containers
			return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create new directory")
		}
	}

	if err := archiver.CopyFileWithTar(source.path, dest.path); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to copy file")
	}
	// TODO: @gupta-ak. Investigate how LCOW permission mappings will work.
	return fixPermissions(source.path, dest.path, chownPair, false)
}

func endsInSlash(driver containerfs.Driver, path string) bool {
	return strings.HasSuffix(path, string(driver.Separator()))
}

// isExistingDirectory returns true if the path exists and is a directory
func isExistingDirectory(point *copyEndpoint) (bool, error) {
	destStat, err := point.driver.Stat(point.path)
	switch {
	case os.IsNotExist(err):
		return false, nil
	case err != nil:
		return false, err
	}
	return destStat.IsDir(), nil
}