i well give you my lecture and 2 summary i made them for  my exam . i want you to rate each one of them from 10 and tell me witch is better and way .
the lecture :
Motor system
Nervous system block
Learning objectives:
• Discuss the concept of upper motor neurons.
• Differentiate between medial and lateral motor system
• List the names of descending motor tracts and their effect on muscle
tone.
• Describe the descending motor tracts (corticospinal, rubrospinal,
reticulospinal, vestibuospinal, tectospinal) and discuss their possible
functions.
• Compare and contrast UMNL and LMNL.
Upper motor neurons
Upper motor neurons
Function of Corticospinal
(Pyramidal) Tract
• Initiation of fine, discrete, skilled
voluntary movements
• Lateral corticospinal tract >> control
Distal limbs eg. fingers for skill
movement
• Anterior corticospinal tract >> control
posture and axial and proximal muscle
for limbs
• Effect on stretch reflex: facilitate
muscle tone through gamma motor
neuron.

Corticobulbar tract
• terminates on LMNs ( cranial nerve
motor nuclei of opposite side)
• decussating just before they reach
their target nuclei
• Function : control face, neck muscles,
facilitate their ton , and involved in
facial, mastication, swallowing
Extrapyramidal Tract
• Rubrospinal tract : accessory route for transmission of
relatively discrete signals from the motor cortex to the spinal
cord (Lateral )
• Vestibulospinal tract: Controls Postural & righting reflexes
• Reticulospinal tract: Influence motor functions as voluntary
and reflex movement and Excitatory or inhibitory to muscle
tone.
• Tectospinal tract: Mediate/facilitate turning of the head in
response to visual or auditory stimuli.
• Olivospinal tract
THE RED NUCLEUS SERVES AS AN ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY FOR
TRANSMITTING CORTICAL SIGNALS TO THE SPINAL CORD
Excitatory-Inhibitory Antagonism Between
Pontine and Medullary Reticular Nuclei
• when the pontine reticular
excitatory system is unopposed
by the medullary reticular
system, it causes powerful
excitation of antigravity muscles
throughout the body, so much
so that four-legged animals can
be placed in a standing position,
supporting the body against
gravity without any signals from
higher levels of the brain
Functions of Extrapyramidal Tract
• Sets the postural background needed for performance of skilled
movements
• Controls subconscious gross movements



Comparison between upper and lower motor
neuron lesions
LMNL ( Damage of alpha motor
neurons or their motor axons)
• Partial damage cause paresis
(weakness).
• Paralysis, a loss of movement of
the affected muscles
• Areflexia, an absence of their
spinal reflexes.
• No muscle tone or resting tension;
they are flaccid and soft.
• No trophic influence on muscle
fibers >> atrophy with time
UMNL ( Damagae to Upper motor
neurons)
• period of spinal shock (reduced
muscle tone / hypotonia, Areflexia,
and paralysis hemiplegia)
• reflexive functions mysteriously
reappear
• Spasticity is characterized by a
dramatic /painful increase of
muscle tone (hypertonia) and
spinal reflexes (hyperreflexia),
Pyramidal
system
References:
• Hall J, Hall M. Guyton And Hall Textbook Of Medical Physiology. 14th
ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Elsevier Inc.; 2021, pp 697-702
• Bear, Mark F. et al , Neuroscience : exploring the brain. 4
th edition,
Philadelphia :Wolters Kluwer, 2016.
summary 1:
Here’s a concise yet comprehensive summary for the motor system lecture:

- **Upper Motor Neurons (UMNs)**:
  - Originate in the motor cortex; control voluntary movement.
  - Important areas include the primary motor cortex, supplementary, and premotor areas.

- **Motor System Organization**:
  - Divided into **Medial** (controls posture and gross movements) and **Lateral** systems (controls fine distal movements).

- **Descending Motor Tracts**:
  - **Corticospinal Tract** (pyramidal):
    - **Lateral corticospinal**: controls skilled, distal limb movements (e.g., fingers).
    - **Anterior corticospinal**: manages posture and proximal muscles.
  - **Corticobulbar Tract**: controls face and neck muscles, facilitating actions like swallowing and facial expressions.
  - **Extrapyramidal Tracts**:
    - **Rubrospinal**: aids in fine motor control as an accessory pathway.
    - **Vestibulospinal**: regulates posture and righting reflexes.
    - **Reticulospinal**: modulates voluntary/reflexive muscle tone.
    - **Tectospinal**: coordinates head movements in response to sensory stimuli.

- **Comparison: UMN vs. LMN Lesions**:
  - **Upper Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL)**:
    - Initial spinal shock with reduced tone (hypotonia); recovery may lead to spasticity and hyperreflexia.
  - **Lower Motor Neuron Lesions (LMNL)**:
    - Causes muscle weakness (paresis), paralysis, absent reflexes, flaccidity, and eventual muscle atrophy.

- **Function of the Extrapyramidal System**:
  - Supports subconscious gross movements and sets postural background for skilled actions.
  
This outline covers the lecture's main points, emphasizing the functions of various motor tracts and the effects of motor neuron lesions.
summary 2:
Here’s a comprehensive summary of the **Motor System** content, covering all key points relevant for exam preparation.

---

# Motor System

## Learning Objectives
1. Understand the **concept of upper motor neurons (UMNs)**.
2. Differentiate between **medial and lateral motor systems**.
3. List the **descending motor tracts** and their effects on muscle tone.
4. Describe the **descending motor tracts** (e.g., corticospinal, rubrospinal) and their functions.
5. Compare **upper motor neuron lesions (UMNL)** and **lower motor neuron lesions (LMNL)**.

---

## Motor Neuron Hierarchy

- **Upper Motor Neurons (UMNs)**: Located in the brain, they send signals to lower motor neurons to control voluntary movements.
- **Lower Motor Neurons (LMNs)**: Connect the CNS to muscles and initiate contractions.

### Key Areas Involved:
- **Primary Motor Cortex**: Initiates movement.
- **Premotor and Supplementary Motor Areas**: Involved in planning and coordinating movements.

---

## Descending Motor Tracts

Motor tracts are pathways through which motor signals travel from the brain to the spinal cord and muscles. They are divided into **pyramidal** and **extrapyramidal** systems.

### Pyramidal Tracts

1. **Corticospinal Tract** (Pyramidal Tract)
   - **Lateral corticospinal tract**: Controls **distal limb movements** for fine motor skills (e.g., fingers).
   - **Anterior corticospinal tract**: Controls **axial and proximal muscles** for posture.
   - **Function**: Initiates voluntary movements and facilitates muscle tone via **gamma motor neurons**.

2. **Corticobulbar Tract**
   - Targets **cranial nerve nuclei** in the brainstem.
   - **Function**: Controls muscles of the face, neck, and head involved in facial expressions, mastication, and swallowing.

### Extrapyramidal Tracts

1. **Rubrospinal Tract**
   - **Function**: Assists fine control of distal limbs, providing an alternative pathway for movement signals.

2. **Vestibulospinal Tract**
   - **Function**: Maintains **posture** and balance by controlling righting reflexes.

3. **Reticulospinal Tract**
   - **Function**: Influences both **voluntary and reflex movements**; can excite or inhibit muscle tone.

4. **Tectospinal Tract**
   - **Function**: Directs **head movement** in response to visual and auditory stimuli.

5. **Olivospinal Tract**
   - Less is known about its specific role, but it contributes to motor control.

### Functions of Extrapyramidal Tracts:
- Control **postural adjustments** and gross motor movements.
- Set the **background for skilled movements** and manage subconscious movements.

---

## Medial vs. Lateral Motor Systems

- **Lateral pathways** (e.g., corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts): Control **distal limb movements** for fine motor skills.
- **Ventromedial pathways** (e.g., vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, and tectospinal tracts): Control **posture** and **proximal muscles** for balance and gross motor movements.

---

## Upper Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL) vs. Lower Motor Neuron Lesions (LMNL)

| Feature                    | UMNL                               | LMNL                                  |
|----------------------------|------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|
| **Location of Damage**     | UMNs (brain or spinal cord)       | LMNs (spinal cord to muscle)          |
| **Initial Response**       | Spinal shock (hypotonia)          | Flaccid paralysis                     |
| **Long-Term Effects**      | Spasticity, hypertonia, hyperreflexia | Areflexia, flaccidity, muscle atrophy |
| **Specific Symptoms**      | Increased muscle tone (spasticity), exaggerated reflexes | Decreased muscle tone, atrophy, no reflexes |
| **Example Condition**      | Stroke, traumatic brain injury    | Polio, peripheral nerve injury        |

---

## Functional Importance

- **Pyramidal System**: Primarily involved in **voluntary fine movements**.
- **Extrapyramidal System**: Maintains **posture** and **gross motor movements** necessary for the performance of skilled movements.

---

This summary provides a clear overview of the **motor system** including pathways, functions, and the effects of motor neuron lesions. Let me know if you need more details on any specific tract or function!