Write a realistic, plausible alternate history scenario in the form of a history book chapter completely set in the world of the alternate history scenario with absolutely no references to real life, OTL or that this is even an alternate history timeline at all, in which the following events all occur in this same timeline:

First Period [16th to 17th century]: Japan and North Asia

By the time European explorers arrived in the then-feudal hereditary military dictatorship of the side branch of the post-660 BC Japanese reigning imperial family, the main branch of the supposedly Shinto-pantheon descended, Japanese Imperial House of Great Yamato/Minamoto dynasty that was also a Japanese noble clan and samurai clan of the Ashikaga clan-ruled, post-1336, pre-1603 Ashikaga bakufu [tent government |bakufu|], [the bakufu] popularly [the bakufu] known as [the bakufu’s more popular name] the shogunate, [the bakufu] a system of government in Japan dominated [the bakufu] by a feudal military dictatorship exercised in the name of a sei-i taishōgun [“Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Force Against the Barbarians” |sei-i taishōgun|, the military rulers of Japan |the sei-i taishōgun| during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868 in Japanese history who |the sei-i taishōgun| carried out |the sei-i taishōgun| the actual duties of administration in Japan during that time period who |the sei-i taishōgun| also |the sei-i taishōgun| enjoyed civil, military, diplomatic and judicial authority within Japan], [the sei-i taishōgun] more popularly known as [the sei-i taishōgun’s more famous name] a shogun or by the shogun himself, with the hierarchy that held the bakufu together being [the hierarchy holding the bakufu] reinforced [the hierarchy holding the bakufu] by [what reinforced the hierarchy holding the bakufu together] close ties of loyalty between the collection of various powers that supported the bakufu and the hereditary military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan from the late 12th century until their abolition in the late 1870s with high prestige and special privileges, the buke [military families |buke|], [the buke] better known [the buke] outside of Japan and East Asia as [the buke’s other, more famous name] the samurai, the powerful Japanese magnates, and feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings despite being subordinate to the shogun/sei-i taishōgun and nominally to the clan head of the main branch of the Imperial House of Great Yamato reigning over Japan as Emperor or Empress of Japan, whom the buke/samurai served as well-paid retainers, the daimyō [large private land |daimyō]-ruled feudal Nihon [Japan |Nihon|] in 1547 AD, the country had been wracked by the warlord period known as the period in Japanese history in which civil wars and social upheavals took place almost continuously in the 15th and 16th centuries, known as the Sengoku Jidai [Warring States period] for 80 years of endless war. As nearly every clan fought each other for supremacy, the Empire’s central government was almost non-existent.

In theory, the Shogun held the real political power while the Emperor had almost no authority aside from partaking in specific rituals, but in practice the Ashikaga bakufu had almost no power at all, unable to wield authority outside of the imperial capital of Kyoto.

That being said, the Shogun still had a good deal of authority if not direct power, mostly in being able to direct the local Daimyo on how to interact with the outside world.

In particular, the Shogun declared that the Europeans, who came not just to trade but to play their political games and evangelize their people to their Christian faith, would be banned from trade in Nihon with two exceptions: the Portugese Most Serene House of Braganza-ruled, post-1139, pre-1910 feudal, unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy of the Kingdom of Portugal in Portugal, Brazil, Portuguese Africa [Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and Equatorial Guinea] and the Swiss-German Imperial House of Hapsburg-Lorraine ruled, post-800 AD, pre-1807 elective feudal federalist imperial royal monarchy of the Holy Roman Empire ruling over Germany, Western Poland, and Russia’s Kaliningrad region, France’s Alsace-Lorraine region, the Netherlands, Belgium, the French region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais,  Illryia [Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina], Greater Hungary [Hungary, Bačka, Baranja, Međimurje, Vojvodina and Prekmurje in Serbia, Transylvania and most of the Banat in Romania, Carpathian Ruthenia in Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland], Bohemia and Moravia [Czechia and Slovakia] and Galicia-Lodomeria in Ukraine and Poland, though they should not be seen as equals, as the Portuguese were allowed trade in only two ports, while the Holy Roman Empire under the Hapsburgs had access to seven.

And even with this, much would change.

While the Portuguese sought to expand both Christian influence and their own political influence in Nihon , the Austrians took an interest in the continuing situation of the war, documenting and reporting on every aspect of it, as well as Nihonese culture, history, and traditions.

This willingness to see the Nihon as equals captured the interest of both the Shogunate and the Emperor, both of whom invited Austrian ambassadors to their courts.

In 1557, Emperor Ōgimachi came to the throne at the age of 30 on the death of his father.

Having spent the last decade becoming familiar with the Western European ambassadors to the Nihonese, he was growing increasingly frustrated with the level of destruction that the endless civil war in Nihon had inflicted on the country.

Not long after his coronation, he met with them in secret, and gave them an offer: in exchange for their assistance in overthrowing the Shogun and reunifying the country under the Emperor’s rule, he would grant exclusive trading rights to the Holy Roman Empire and and become a partner to it in East Asia.

After the message was returned to then-Holy Roman Emperor Charles V of the Imperial House of Hapsburg-Lorraine, he was eager to accept if it meant having a partner in the Orient the way that the Poles had become their partners in Eastern Europe against the Rurikids and later on the Slavs.

For the next decade, advisers surreptitiously leaked knowledge, weapons, and supplies to the Imperial Court, all the while presenting a friendly face to the Shogun, who had instead begun a tentative partnership with the Portuguese.

In the year 1568 AD, as events in Europe began to spiral increasingly toward war between the Catholics and Reformists both in the RCC and the Protestant movement, the Austrians were increasingly focusing themselves on matters abroad, and the chance for Ōgimachi to strike had come.

That year, Shogun Yoshinaga had died unexpectedly after a 9 month reign, and an increasingly powerful Daimyo named Oda Nobunaga and his Tokugawa alles marched their armies victoriously into Kyoto to declare his allegiance to the Emperor.

The time to act had come.

Acting with both the support of the Holy Roman Empire and Oda, Ōgimachi issued an edict declaring Oda Nobunaga as the new Shogun, though reduced greatly in power from that of the Ashikaga, and immediately moved to quell dissent from forces that, despite nominally being loyal to the Emperor, saw the move as Oda Nobunaga trying to seize power through a puppet Emperor and thus moved against him.

For fifteen further years, the Sengoku Jidai entered into its endgame, though by now it was a much more solidly-defined civil war.

On one side was the Imperial Court, and on the other were the opposition Daimyo. After more than 100 years of fighting, the nation was exhausted, but after long last in 1583, the Emperor and his court were victorious.

For the first time in centuries, Nihon was truly under the authority of a civilian government, the last period having been the brief Kenmu Restoration in the 1310s AD.

With a triumvirate of Oda Nobunaga, Tokugawa Ieyasu, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi as  Chancellor of the Realm, the head of the highest organ of the feudal Japanese government under the various bakufu ruling over Japan since the 12th century, the Great Council of State which handled all secular administrative affairs of Japan, while the Department of Worship, oversaw all matters regarding Shintō ritual, clergy, and shrines who [the Chancellor of the Realm] controlled the officers of the state, as well as four great councillors and three minor councillors, who then  turn controlled other elements of the feudal Japanese government, [Hideyoshi being the then Japanese Chancellor of the Realm] along with being the then chief advisor for the then clan head of the main branch of the Imperial House of Great Yamato ruling over feudal Japan as Emperor of Japan, but was in practice the title of both first secretary and regent who assisted an adult Emperor of Japan, whose duties were  were to convey to the Emperor the policies formulated by the Great Council of State and to convey the Emperor's decisions to them, now working as civilian administrators subordinate to the Emperor, Ōgimachi would spend the waning years of his life reforming the Empire away from the feudal system of the old government to a new, more centralized model based off of Holy Roman and French lines, quelling the now powerless Daimyo the way the Holy Roman Empire had placated both the Old Romans and the German tribes by creating the Gikai, a parliament in which they would be allowed to represent themselves and their interests, but unlike the Holy Roman Imperial Diet it had little real authority as compared to the Emperor.

And now we arrive in the year 1600.

Ōgimachi is dead, replaced by the younger son of his only son, who now reigns as Hachijō, the 107th Emperor of Nihon.

Having been at peace for 17 years, the scars of the Sengoku Jidai, which had lasted for about 116 years, still run deep and are not easily healed.

The large-scale political reforms of the Ōgimachi Restoration are still in flux, with threats from Daimyo unhappy with their loss of authority, to Samurai demanding their traditional place as the Empire’s army be maintained, to a newly emboldened peasantry that has become resentful of the long-imposed caste system in Nihonese society.

True to their deal, the Nihonese have forbidden all European merchants save for the Holy Roman Empire from their ports, and now the Austrians prosper massively from trade in fine Nihonese silks, teas, and porcelains.

Europe, however, is not pleased, and seeks some means of wedging their foot in the door to re-open the nation to their merchants and missionaries. Perhaps most interestingly, however, is the growing plans of many in the Imperial Government.


In the course of the last 10 years the Empire of Nihon has seen an astronomical level of growth in all directions. 

Not just has it managed to subjugate  the post-1392, pre-1898 satelite state and tributary kingdom of both the the crypto-Sunni Muslim Han Chinese Imperial House of Zhu-ruled pre-1662, post-1368, absolute dynastic Imperial royal monarchy of the Great Ming State/Great Ming Empire/"Ming dynasty" ruling over the eighteen provinces of the Han dynasty, Yunnan and Cantonia and later on the post-1662, pre-1912 Manchu Imperial House of Aisin Gioro-ruled, Manchu-dominated imperial absolute dynastic federalist royal monarchy of the Great Qing Empire ruling [the Great Qing Empire] over Han China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, East Turkestan, Tibet, Inner and Outer Mongolia and Tuva from [the Great Qing Empire's stronghold] Inner and Outer Manchuria of the absolute royal dynastic monarchy of Great Joeson ruled by the partially Han Chinese Korean House of Jeonju Yi in the entire Korean peninsula, [Nihon subjectuating Joeson in Korea]  but it has expanded its influence into all of the surrounding islands and even gone so far as to extend its influence across the entirety of the Pacific Ocean.

With the Sengoku Era now more than 60 years distant, Nihon’s reconstitution into a strong, unified empire is clearly paying off in spades. 

The meteoric growth of Nihon as a rising power in East Asia is almost unprecedented.

Prior to the modern age Nihon had been a divided, feudal nation that had only briefly been involved in skirmishes with Korea and China, ultimately falling back to its home islands every time.

This period would die in the hundred year conflict of the Sengoku Era, when at the end Emperor Ogimachi re-asserted imperial control and broke the power of the Daimyo.

Now with its resources fully behind the ageing Emperor Hachijō’s projects to make Nihon the new arbiter of power in East Asia, it is well on its way to achieving such a goal.

Hideyoshi wins a surprising set of victories in his invasion of Korea, allowing him to annex the peninusla in its entirety by 1599.

Instead of taking the Joseon monarch as a vassal, Hideyoshi is forced to distribute land among the invading daimyos in order to keep their loyalty, effectively turning Korea into a new “island” of Japan.

Ming’s defeat in Korea sets off a series of internal conflicts within China that ultimately weakens both  the Ming dynasty’s post-1368, pre-1644 combined ground warfare force and naval combat division, the Great Ming Army and the imperial secret police that served the reigning members of the Imperial House of Zhu as Emperors of Han China that was also a imperial military body of the Great Ming State, with the authority to overrule judicial proceedings in prosecutions with full autonomy in arresting, interrogating and punishing anyone, including nobles and the emperor’s relatives along with the authority to overrule judicial proceedings in prosecutions with full autonomy in arresting, interrogating and punishing anyone, including nobles and the emperor’s relatives, and also to overrule judicial proceedings in prosecuting those deemed as enemies of the state, granted with full autonomy in arresting, interrogating, detaining them without trial and punishing them, without going through due process, whose members were bound to the reigning members of the Imperial House of Zhu as Emperors of Han China and took direct orders from them [the reigning members of the Imperial House of Zhu as Emperors of Han China], also serving as political commissary of the Great Ming State’s combined ground combat force and naval warfare force, the Great Ming Army in times of war, the Jǐnyīwèi [brocade-clothing guard/Embroidered Uniform Guard]

Combined with a series of natural and agricultural disasters in the late 1590s, the Ming forces are unable to stop the Japanese advance on Beijing and later Nanjing.


The rest of its expansion has been relatively less dramatic. The islands of the wider Nihonese Archipelago are mostly smaller and less populated, dominated by the Ryukyuans in the south and the Aynu in the north.

To the north the islands of Chishima and Kitaezo were less subjugated by main force and more the local tribes being absorbed into the Imperial sphere through tribute missions and offers of protection.

Ryukyu meanwhile did involve some military action but this was largely a symbolic act, as Ryukyu had historically relied on China for protection but with the Ming rapidly deteriorating as the Jurchen tribes of Manchuria planned to claim the mandate of Heaven, King Shō Ken willingly agreed to submit to Nihonese overlordship as a vassal, saving his kingdom from prolonged military action.

Taiyowan [Taiwan] is a different story.

Unlike the others, the island is further to the south from Nihon’s main territory and a much larger island with rougher terrain, particularly in the east. Initial landings began at the northern end in 1638, and the wider coastal plain facing the mainland was mostly captured within several months.

Most of the region’s population was made of the main indigenous people in Taiwan who also make up 70% of Taiwan's population, the Han Chinese, or rather subgroup who speak Hokkien, a Southern Min language and/or trace their ancestry to southeastern Fujian in China, the Hoklo settlers from the provinces of Han China near Cantonia and a few Han Chinese, some of whom were resistant but enough joined as collaborators to the new administration to legitimize the occupation.

The real issue was the mountainous east, where many native Taiyowanese groups had taken refuge and actively fought against both Nihonese and Chinese alike, forcing the invasion force there to mire itself in a prolonged campaign against the Taiyowanese tactics of guerrilla warfare, using the mountains to constantly harass and Nihonese forces.

Second Period: Indochina/Cantonia [early to mid 19th century]

The history of the Empire of Vietnam’s post-1802, current reigning imperial family of the Imperial House of Nguyễn is one of ambition.

After all, their dynasty traced back centuries, having both Vietnamese noble, royal and imperial blood and Han Chinese noble, royal and imperial blood as well, slowly amassing power and wealth from both China and Vietnam until the great Emperor Gia Long, who claimed to be descended from the Ming dynasty’s reigning imperial family, the crypto-Muslim Han Chinese Imperial House of Zhu and whose adoption of the Rí Qí [Sun Flag], a orange banner [the Rí Qí] with [what the Rí Qí has] a red dot [in the middle of the Rí Qí] to [the red dot in the middle of the Rí Qí] represent the sun, [the Rí Qí] being the unofficial naval jack [the Rí Qí] of the Tang dynasty and then [the Rí Qí] becoming the unofficial Chinese Civil flag [the Rí Qí] during the initial Ming era,[Gia Long adopting the Rí Qí] when and after he [Gia Long] had [Gia Long] been able to reunify and conquer all of Dai Nam in 1802, with the assistance of the French from far overseas through a Catholic Priest who had championed his cause, with the establishment of the Empire of Vietnam after the conquest of all of Dai Nam essentially being a means for Gia Long to re-establish the Ming dynasty and simultaneously the Southern Ming, along with re-establishing a cultural world that the Ming had been the center of, that the Lê had participated in, and that the Tây Sơn had disrupted, that particular cultural world, being what some people at that time saw as the Han cultural world, with “Han” here referring not to an ethnic group but to a cultural group, a group that was forced to defend its identity when a group that was different from it – the Manchus –intruded into its world from 1644-1662 and established the Great Qing Empire.

Gia Long also was the first Nguyễn Emperor to use both Vietnamese combined regal and era names and separate Chinese traditional and regal era names which remained within the Ming and Song era tradition of Chinese imperial regal and era names along with using the Ming-era traditional Chinese imperial calendar, in addition to implementing many Ming-era bureaucratic, judicial, government and military concepts and institutions from China while also modernizing them to fit modern times along with making the Zhu Emperors of the Ming dynasty’s personal plum blossom seal the personal seal of the Nguyễn dynasty, in order to solidify his claim that he was the simultaneous successor of the Ming’s last Emperor, Chongzhen Southern Ming’s last Emperor, Yongli.


Thus began a partnership between the French and Dai Nam, but toward the end of both his reign and his life, he slowly came to distrust the encroaching French influence, seeing patterns in how the British had wormed their way into the Muslim Indian lords and exploited the Hindus until they had taken control of the entire Indian subcontinent.

He feared for his kingdom, that the French might do just the same and reduce his land to vassalage.

In a hidden missive to his younger son and successor Minh Mạng, he gave him a final order: “Do not trust the French. Make use of their resources and goods, use them to your advantage, but never give them your trust.”

Emperor Minh Mạng would take this to heart, keeping French advisors both in his court and at arm’s distance, as well as welcoming British advisors to keep a balance.

Trade was opened to both equally, knowing that any conflict between the two could be fought more fiercely outside of Vietnam.

But he also began to study them.

The Confucian Orthodoxy was strengthened, but surreptitiously Minh Mạng commissioned scholars and students to study western designs and systems of government along with those of the Turkish Imperial House of Osman-ruled, post-1299-1453, pre-1920 Unitary parliamentary constitutional imperial royal absolute Islamic monarchy of the Sublime Ottoman State/Eastern Roman Sultanate/Islamic Rome ruling [the Ottoman Empire] over the Arab Peninsula, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Kuwait from [the Sublime Ottoman State's homebase and stronghold] Turkey,  as the branch of the Nguyễn family ruling over the Empire of Vietnam as its reigning imperial family had maintained the secret religion of the Ming Emperors, Sunni Islam and wished to do what the Ming had never done and establish a openly Muslim state in the Sinosphere.

He had them report back to him, and ever so slowly he slowly began to slip these reforms, developments and modernizations into use by the Vietnamese government.

Emperor Thiệu Trị would only continue this, and soon the army of the Empire was making use of western-style guns, purchasing from not only the Ottomans, but every power across Europe and even the Americans and the Japanese along with also building a fleet of new western-style fighting ships, the corner stone of what would become a restored Ming navy, and seeing the centralization of authority under the Emperor.

It would be under Emperor Tự Đức that it all came to a final head.

Having been the younger brother to Prince Hồng Bảo, his coronation was met by a rebellion in 1847 of the conservative and traditional elements of Dai Nam society led by Hồng Bảo, who claimed to be the legitimate Emperor to those who wanted to reverse the ongoing westernization (ironically, Hồng Bảo had also asked for Western help with the promise of conversion to Catholicism and to make Dai Nam a Catholic country).

This, though, was met with failure, and thus established firmly that the new western course was set in place. Victories abroad soon overran the Khun Lo-dynastyLuang Phrabang Kingdom in Laos and annexed Cambodia to direct rule, followed by success in bringing North Borneo under their rule when the Sultan of Brunei submitted to Vietnamese rule.

The real victories were yet to come.

After expulsion of the French from the country, Emperor Dục Đức announced his most ambitious project yet.

The European states had begun to take bites out of the failing Qing Empire, and so too would Vietnam.

The First Sino-Viet War only the conquest of the island of Hainan, but then the Second Sino-Viet War saw a colossal success with the conquest of virtually all of Guangxi, expanding deep into Chinese territory and legitimizing the “Westerness” of Dai Nam in the eyes of the East with Guangdong also being conquered and subsequently integrated into all of Vietnam, making the Empire of Vietnam a simultaneous modern day incarnation of both the Nanyue Kingdom and the Southern Ming.

Only the west remained, and that was to come.

France had never wanted to be evicted from Dai Nam, and now with the army required to occupy Guangxi, they struck through their treaty ports in Guangxi that Dai Nam had been careful to leave, but now moved on with a vengeance.

And here again, the efforts at progress succeeded.

Within two years, the French treaty ports were under full Dai Nam control, and the Franco-Viet War ended in a resounding success for Dai Nam.

Now, with control over the Eastern Sea, they could begin to strangle Western trade into China, exercising their strength as a rising power on the world stage with a growing sphere of both territory and influence.

Third Period: North Asia [mid-to late 19th century]

After the the side branch of the main branch of the Imperial House of Great Yamato that was also a Japanese noble and samurai clan, the Tokugawa clan-ruled, post-1603, pre-1868 feudal hereditary military dictatorship of the Tokugawa bakufu was forced to open its waters to foreign vessels due to the Putyatin Expedition launched by the German-Russian-Danish Imperial House of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov-ruled pre-1721, pre-1917 unitary absolute imperial parliamentary royal monarchy of the Russian Empire ruling [the Russian Empire] over Central Asia, the Caucuses, Eastern Europe, the Baltics, Finland, Siberia and the Russian Far East, a new era of revolutionary changes loomed over Japan in what seemed like an endless exchange between the traditional Japanese order and Western ideals.

However, many were those who held resentment against the Shogun’s weakened authority and what they saw as his submission to Europeans. As a result, a movement to overthrow the Shogunate was born led by the long-resented domains of Satsuma and Chōshū, and both sides started to modernize their forces as quickly as they could.

Finally, the Shogunate led a failed expedition against Chōshū in 1865-66 which was repelled by the modernized Chōshū army.

As a result the Shogun’s authority was significantly weakened, with Satsuma defecting to Chōshū’s side.

The same year, both Tokugawa Iemochi and Emperor Kōmei passed away.

Iemochi, who belonged to the conservative clique in Edo Castle, was succeeded by the reformist Tokugawa Yoshinobu, who had plans for a compromise with the new Emperor, the future Meiji.

By mid-1867, the advancing forces of Satsuma and Chōshū occupied Kyoto, and wrote a letter in the Emperor’s name demanding the “slaughtering of the traitorous subject Yoshinobu”.

Against their plans, Yoshinobu accepted their demands and abandoned power.

However, his government’s structure continued to exist, and Yoshinobu and his clan remained a prominent force in the evolving political order and retained many executive powers, a prospect that the Satsuma and Chōshū domains found intolerable.

On January 3, 1868, forces from these domains seized the imperial palace in Kyoto in a coup, and the next day the new Emperor declared his “own” restoration to full power. Satsuma’s general Saigō Takamori threatened the assembly with the abolition of the title “shōgun” and ordered the confiscation of Yoshinobu’s lands.

Enraged by this, Yoshinobu returned to Edo and ordered the immediate subjugation of the rebel domains, sending an army of 15,000 men towards Kyoto.

On January 27, both forces met at the Toba and Fushimi gates that led to Kyoto, and battle ensued.

Due to numerical superiority and the key role of the Steuble guns, the Shogun’s forces won the battle, forcing Takamori’s forces to retreat south after 2 days of battle, while the Imperial Court ultimately sided with the Shogunate.

Yoshinobu and Emperor Mutsuhito met in Kyoto’s palace, and a westernization of the state aswell as a return of political and legislative power to the Emperor was agreed on, while the Tokugawa dynasty would remain as the Shoguns in control of the Japanese local government.

By the end of 1868, Takamori and his forces had been defeated in Hagi, Chōshū, and a series of punishments were decreed against the renegade domains, though Satsuma managed to avoid a change of dynasty due to the Shimazu switching sides when they decided the cause was lost.

In Febuary 1869, the Japanese Empire was formally proclaimed; The Tokugawa shogunate, although de-jure now restricted from political affairs, continued to exert influence and power from their positions as hegemons of the daimyo system and the military, while Imperial provinces were finally fused with domains, who were now converted into provinces ruled by a hereditary prince in the western sense of the word, with the kokudaka system being removed over the following years.

At the same time, the number of domains went down drastically, from around 200 to 60.

At the same time, the Emperor enjoyed a return to power, with Kyoto regaining the importance it had in the past as the capital of the empire.

Fourth period: East Asia/Oceania [early to mid 20th century]


Warren G. Harding doesn’t die early, and the Teapot Dome Scandal leads to a democratic president in office to be blamed for the Great Depression.

The Republican New Deal Coalition equivalent includes a cadre of isolationists which never alter the Neutrality Acts or embargo Japan.

Following the failure of Chiang Kai-Shek’s so-called “Northern Expedition” against the post-1912, pre-1928 stratocratic [military governed/military dominated], democratically elected bicameral legislative branch divided into a Senate and a House of Representatives known as the National Assembly founded 8 April 1913 having, Beiyang Government from the presidential parliamentary democratic republic first Republic of China ruling over the fifteen provinces of Han excluding Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan in the China region since 10 March 1912 ruling over the sixteen provinces of Han in the China region excluding Yunnan and under the control of the Japanese protectorate of the Yunnan Clique in Yunnan in 1927 and Guangdong and Guangxi, long under the control of the restored Later Ming/revived Southern Ming/Empire of Vietnam ruling over not only Vietnam but Laos and Cambodia too, [the Beiyang Government as the first Republic of China] having long been under the control of the Chinese warlord junta of the Fengtian Clique based in Manchuria lead by Zhang Zhuolin, the final consolidation of China began as Kai-shek’s Nationalist Government, literally imported from Moscow to the Indochina-Cantonia region came to its knees against the force of the Beiyang Clique’s combined armed forces, the Anguojun [National Pacification Army].

The Anguojun was bolstered by Japanese material and personnel support that poured in following several incidents of the Kuomingtang’s armed wing and thus Nationalist China’s combined armed forces, the National Revolutionary Army forces damaging Japanese owned businesses or attacking Japanese nationals in southern Han China.

The new Tanaka government in Japan was keen to expand Japanese interests and profits in China following the Showa financial crisis, and saw the failing Northern Expedition as an opportunity.

Kwantung forces began pressuring Zhang Zuolin in Beijing to allow further Japanese concessions in Manchuria and promises that Japanese forces could be stationed in parts of China until stability was restored. Zhang, desperate to stave off both the Soviet-backed Nationalist China, which is a rebel group in China due to Guangdong and Guangxi being controlled by Vietnam, and the Bonapartist, anti-Soviet CCP-ruled Chinese Soviet Republic in Inner Shaanxi, continued to relinquish power and authority to the Japanese while the Anguojun continued the pacification of the south.

Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang had little choice but to bow to Japanese demands themselves as they were reliant on Fengtian support to maintain their authority.

In 1928, Zhang declared the Southern Pacification to be over as Southern Han China fell into Anguojun hands and the Japanese’s Vietnamese allies mopped up the rest.

However, the Japanese were not finished just yet.

The weakened Zhili factions of Wu and Sun were soon pacified by Japanese forces stationed along the Yangtze for “protection of Japanese nationals”, and authority in Shandong fell to Japanese hands as Zhang Zongchang caved to Japanese demands.

All over China, informal Japanese authority and concessions spread like a virus, infecting and extorting all those who touched it.

Zhang could only watch as while the Anguojun continued pacifying the provinces of the west, his authority in his own nation eroded.

The Soviets, trapped in Siberia due to a Central Powers victory in WW1, attempted to reverse this by having an operative plant a bomb along a railroad bridge, which exploded when Zhang’s train passed under it on 4 June 1928, mortally wounded, Zhang died a few days later, which backfired on them when the Soviet operative was caught leaving Manchuria.

The Japanese exploited the chaos in Manchuria due to the Soviet agent being captured to help the Qing imperial court, still operating and carrying out its functions in the Forbidden City in Beijing, and the Qing’s reigning imperial family, the Manchu Imperial House of Aisin-Gioro, jointly seize control of both the leadership and the government of the Fengtian Clique with the help of Qing monarchist Anguojun officers and the aid of the post-December 1911, pre-1932, conservative, Manchurian nationalist, Manchurian royalist, Qing royalist political party and militant organization active in Beiyang Government as the first Republic of China-ruled and then Nationalist Chinese-ruled after the Northern Expedition, the Society for Monarchical Constitutionalism, [the Society for Monarchical Constitutionalism] popularly known as [the Society for Monarchical Constitutionalism’s more popular name] the Royalist Party, with the now Qing-controlled Fengtian Clique relinquishing control over the Beiyang Government as the Republic of China and remaining confined to Manchuria with the branch of the main branch of the Beiyang Government’s National Assembly operating in Manchuria under the Fengtian Clique transitioning into a modernized version of the Great Qing Empire’s post-1906, pre-1912 unicameral national legislature, the Advisory Council after the Qing imperial court’s takeover as the Fengtian Clique, with the Anguojun transitioning towards a modernized, well-equipped Manchuria-based version of the Qing New Army.

In order to both appease the Han Chinese people and suppress the further rise of the Kuomingtang and the CCP, the Japanese also stage a similar palace coup in the Beiyang Government as the First Republic of China in collaboration with the Empire of Vietnam, allowing Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s other protege and true heir to his legacy and ideals, Wang Jingwei, to become the next civilian president of the first Republic of China, now the Japanese protectorate of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China while a “restored Ming imperial court”, cobbled up from sympathetic Chinese nobles and those ennobled by Yuan Shikai when he made the first Republic of China into the unitary parliamentary imperial constitutional royal monarchy of the Empire of China on 11 December 1915 via an unanimous election in the National Assembly to transition the Beiyang Government from the first Republic of China to the Empire of China, with the Empire of China’s government being confirmed as a constitutional imperial royal monarchy which is formally confirmed via a petition the next day, 12 December 1915, with the Empire of China being proclaimed as the government of the fifteen provinces of Han after the dissolution of the first Republic of China the very same day, [“the restoring Ming imperial court” takes over the Beiyang Government] in preparation for the transition of the Beiyang Government back to the Empire of China, albiet in a modern, reformed format with the Reorganized National Government’s reforms being kept and the descendants of the Imperial House of Zhu, more specifically Chongzhen’s and Yongli’s descendants, as its reigning imperial family instead of Yuan Shikai’s descendants.

By 1930, most of the former Qing territory was under the control of the Anguojun or the Japanese, but the Anguojun by this time had become a puppet army of the Japanese that served to carve open new markets and regions for Japanese corporations to exploit.

Several border conflicts with the Soviets resulted in the victory of the now dominant Kwantung army, who made both Manchuria and the steppes of Mongolia their playground.

Japanese corporations quickly began buying European investments either through proper business or slightly more pressured exchanges.

The British and the French could only watch hopelessly as their long-treasured assets were “sold” to the Japanese, who used new laws favoring them to their advantage.

The strength of a united Beiyang china had finally come to the fore, only to be used as a tool for Japanese capitalism.

The year is 1932.

Japanese forces have pulled out of much of the China region, but the scars remain in the form of military missions, exclusive economic investment zones, concessions, and regions of massive Japanese interests.

European concessions remain, but are meagre or diluted, as with the Kunming Haiphong railway being partially bought by Japanese firms.

This Qing imperial court controlled Fengtian Clique then transitions towards the post-1932, pre-1945 Japanese protectorate of the Qing Imperial family, the Manchu/Manchurian Imperial House of Aisin-Gioro-ruled, Manchu monarchist, Manchu independence, Personalist, Pan-Asianist, anti-communist political organization of the Concordia Association-ruled unitary parliamentary constitutional Imperial Royal monarchy of the Empire of Manchukuo in Manchuria in 1932, with Emperor Xuangtong of the Great Qing Empire becoming Manchukuo’s first Emperor under the combined regal and era name of Kangte [Kant].

The Anguojun becomes Manchukuo’s post-1933, pre-1945 combined armed forces, the Imperial Manchukuo Armed Forces after the formation of Manchukuo like in real life.

Police units in Manchuria nominally operating under the Beiyang Government’s control but in reality under the Fengtian Clique’s control also become the main law enforcement agency of Manchukuo, managing the central police department responsible for all police in Manchuria after Manchuko’s formation, with a Maritime Police to combat smuggling along with cracking down on smuggling and maintain maritime security within Manchurian waters, first under the Manchukuo Ministry of Public Security and then under the General Directorate of Security Affairs, the Manchukuo Police after the formation of Manchukuo like in real life.

The restored Advisory Council in the now-Qing imperial court controlled Fengtian Clique is divided into Manchukuo’s post-1934, pre-1945 executive administrative branch consisting of ten ministries forming a cabinet, presided over by a Secretary-General, consisting of the Prime Minister, Home Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, Finance, Industry and Agriculture, Transportation and Communications, Justice, Education, Mongolian Affairs, to advise and assist the emperor of Manchukuo in the discharge of his duties, the General Affairs State Council, the Manchukuo Privy Council and the Manchukuo Legislative Council after the now-Qing imperial court-controlled Fengtian Clique become Manchukuo.

After the defeat of Soviet troops in the now Soviet-controlled post-1912, pre-1947 Chinese warlord clique/ faction of the Kuomingtang-ruled Nationalist Chinese government/Chinese military junta of the Xinjiang clique occupying East Turkestan by both IJA and the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China’s combined armed forces, the Peacekeeping Army forces as the Uyghurs rise up in revolt against both the Soviet Union and the Xingjiang Clique, the Japanese carry out their pre-WW2 and WW2-era plans to restore the the now long dissolved Turkish Imperial House of Osman-ruled Unitary parliamentary constitutional Islamic imperial royal monarchy of Ottoman Empire as the government [the Ottoman Empire] of post-Xinjiang clique East Turkestan, with the post-1842, pre-1922 army of the Ottoman Empire after the country [the Ottoman Empire] was [the Ottoman Empire] reorganized [the Ottoman Empire] along modern western European lines during the Tanzimat modernization period [in the Ottoman Empire], the Modern Ottoman Army, [the Modern Ottoman Army] being [the Modern Ottoman Army] restored [the Modern Ottoman Army] from the Xingjiang Clique’s warlord and bandit soldiers after the restoration of the Ottoman Empire in East Turkestan.

The post-1903, pre-1920 intelligence, paramilitary, and secret police organization in the Ottoman Empire working under the Ottoman Ministry of War which maintained a clandestine budget and command structure controlled by the War Ministry, whose existence was kept secret from both the Ottoman parliament and the Ottoman public, the Special Organization, [the Special Organization] is [the Special Organization] restored [the Special Organization] from the Xingjiang Clique’s elite spies and operatives along with turned Soviet NKVD operatives in East Turkestan and Special Organization operatives from Turkey who move from Turkey to East Turkestan after the restoration of the Ottoman Empire in East Turkestan with the help of the Kempeitai, the Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu and Tokubetsu Keisatsutai.

A successful invasion of the post-1924, pre-1922 Soviet satellite dictatorship of Marxist-Leninist, Stalinist, far left Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party-ruled Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic of the Mongolian People’s Republic occupying Outer Mongolia by the IJA and IMAF sees the fall of the Mongolian People’s Republic and the subsequent restoration of the post-1912, pre-1924, spiritual head of the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia also holding the title of Bogd Gegeen, making them the top-ranked lama in Mongolia known as the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu as the Bogd Khan [Holy Emperor]-ruled post-Xinhai, Unitary Buddhist absolute monarchy of the feudal Khanate of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia/Great Mongolian State is [the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia/Great Mongolian State] subsequently restored as the government [the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia/Great Mongolian State] of Outer Mongolia, Inner Mongolia minus Chahar and Suiyan along with the Russian region of Buryatia and Russia’s Zabaykalsky Krai, and Irkutsk Oblast.

The Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China transitioned towards a restoration and modernization of the Empire of China, but with Chongzhen’s and Yongli’s descendants as its imperial family.

Without US Aid, by 1946 the Soviets were pushed past the AA line. Revolts in the Middle East and India supported by Germany and Japan respectively forced a near bankrupt Britain to sue for peace.

A drastically weakened Soviet Union could do nothing when Japan seized Vladivostok and the rest of Outer Manchuria. Chiang’s gamble of trading space for time holding out for western intervention failed when China ran out of both.

Clear American statements of isolationism emboldened Japan to seize European colonies, ignoring the Philippines (for now).

During the Greater East Asian War of 1933-1947 fought by the Japanese against the Western Allied colonial powers, the USA and the USSR to free Asia from Western colonial dominion, Japan is able to free the Philippines from American colonial domination and subsequently establish the post-1943, pre-1945 Japanese protectorate the Filipino nationalist, National conservative, Japanophilic, Pan-Asianist KALIBAPI-ruled unitary one-party presidential republic under a totalitarian military dictatorship of the Second Philippine Republic with Jose P. Laurel as its first President as the government of all the Philippines, make the post-1943, pre-1945 Japanese protectorate of the provisional government of the Provisional Government of Free India lead by Subhas Chandra Bose based in Singapore the government of India proper, excluding Bangladesh, Pakistan, Jammu and Kashmir and Burma, with the Provisional Government of Free India’s post-1942, pre-1945 combined armed forces, the Indian National Army quickly becoming the armed forces of all of India proper as it decimates both the British colonial troops and pro-British Hindu nationalists and Hindu fascists, Pakistan and India’s Jammu and Kashmir regions coming under the rule of a restored Uzbek-Mongolian Indicized side-branch of the Imperial House of Borjigin-ruled centralised autocratic royal imperial dynastic Islamic monarchy of the Mughal Empire, with Japan also liberating Myanmar from the British Raj as the post-1943, pre-1945 Japanese protectorate of the unitary constitutional parliamentary royal monarchy of the State of Burma with Ba Ma as the State of Burma’s head of state, but with the descendants of the reigning royal family of post-1752, pre-1885, absolute royal dynastic monarchy of the Third Burmese Empire ruling over Myanmar before the British Raj, the Burmese Kobaung dynasty, [the Kobaung dynasty’s descendants] becoming the State of Burma’s royal family unlike in real life, liberate Indonesia from the Netherlands as the post-1942, pre-1945 Japanese protectorate of the Japanese East Indies, albiet as a federation of local Muslim dutchies, Muslim tribal kingdoms and Muslim sultanates under the rule of the royal family of the Islamic royal monarchy of the Yogyakarta Sultanate in Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia’s Java, Island the Javan House of Hamengkubuwono as its [independent Indonesia in this timeline’s] imperial family in this timeline unlike in real life.

Inner Mongolia’s Chahar and Suiyan regions become the post-1939, pre-1945 Japanese protectorate of the Genghis Khan-descended Imperial House of Borjigin-ruled Federal absolute royal khanate of the Mongolian Autonomous Federation/Mengjiang in 1939 like in real life.

The Inner Mongolian military units consisting of ethnic Mongols, with some Han Chinese infantry formations in the service of the Mongolian Autonomous Federation/Mengjiang, the Inner Mongolian Army being formed from National Pacification Army and Beiyang Army units in Chahar and Suiyan under Japanese supervision after the formation of Mengjiang.

Japan also restores its post-WW1, post-1920, pre-1922 protectorate of the presidential parliamentary socialist republic of the Far Eastern Republic on the Russian East Coast.

The Far Eastern Republic’s combined armed forces, the People’s Revolutionary Army, are restored from units of the pre-WW2 and WW2 era Soviet combined armed forces, the Soviet Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army, in the Russian Far East after the restoration of the Far Eastern Republic in the Russian Far East.

Covert operations by the Tokubetsu Keisatsutai with help from the Kempetiei in American-occupied Hawaii lead to a color revolution in Hawaii that sees the expulsion of the American occupiers and the subsequent restoration of the Hawaiian House of Kawānanakoa-ruled semi-constitutional royal parliamentary monarchy of the Kingdom of Hawaii in Hawaii as the Hawaiian government by the Japanese with the help of the Hawaiian people.

Japan also liberates Australia and New Zealand from British colonial domination, with Australia becoming a Japanese satellite monarchy under the leadership of a chosen scion of the Dutch royal family while New Zealand becomes a constitutional parliamentary royal monarchy ruled by the Maori royal family, the Maori House of Ngāti Mahuta as its royal family under Japanese protection.

The Second Philippine Republic becomes a federation of local Muslim dutchies, Muslim tribal kingdoms and Muslim sultanates dominated [the Flipino Federation] by a restored Muslim Filipino House of Maguindanao-ruled Islamic royal monarchy of the Sultanate of Maguindanao in the Mindanao region after the Greater East Asian War in this timeline.



The Provisional Government of Free India in India proper becomes a federation of restored Muslim princely states, Muslim tribal duties and Muslim Kingdoms under the rule of the Sunni Muslim Uzbek-origin Indian Asaf Jahi dynasty ruling over Hyberdad, which essentially becomes the Federal parliamentary constitutional royal imperial monarchy of the Indian Empire with the Asaf Jahi dynasty as its reigning imperial family.

Due to the restoration of the Ming dynasty in Han China through the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China after the Northern Expedition and Guangdong and Guangxi, Chahar and Suiyan and Manchuria all breaking away from Han China after this, Nationalist China, Manchukuo, Mengjiang, the Yunnan Clique and the Cantonese Republic all survive into the 21th century and beyond indefinitely.

The Ming dynasty being restored in Han China through the formation of the Empire of China with Chongzhen’s and Yongli’s descendants as its reigning imperial family prevents the 1928-1947 Second Sino-Japanese War between Japan, Manchukuo, Mengjiang, the Beiyang Government, the Yunnan Clique, Nationalist China, the USSR and the USA before it even starts, and thus Imperial Japan survives past 1947 into the 21th century and beyond indefinitely, meaning that Japan never loses the Korean peninsula, Taiwan and the Pengu Islands and Sakhalin and the Kurils as provinces post-1947 and also keeps Palau, the Carolinas and the Marinas as well into the 21th century and beyond indefinitely.