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     Welcome to our course on frontier technologies. These are the concepts and innovations which, while rife with potential, for one reason or another, remain impractical or unfeasible in most current business contexts. In this course, we'll explore two key technologies, quantum computing and neuromorphic engineering. We'll break down what they are, how they work, why they're worth investigating, and how we might unlock their potential in the future. We'll start with quantum computing. In a nutshell, quantum computing is an area of computing which takes advantage of quantum mechanics. By holding bits of information in a quantum state, we can perform infinitely more complex operations. While not a new concept, the practical applications of quantum computing have remained somewhat out of reach until quite recently. Quantum computing stands at a unique intersection between cutting-edge computer science and advanced theoretical physics. We'll explore this intersection in three key steps. First, we'll recap how conventional computers, which we'll call classical computers, work. Next, we'll examine quantum mechanics at a very high level. Finally, we'll explore how quantum computing combines these concepts. In this first lesson, we'll learn the basics of classical computing. The basic building blocks of classical computers are transistors. These are tiny switch devices which make simple binary decisions, on or off, that is, 1 or 0. The fundamental units in classical computing are bits. On a standard digital circuit, bits pass through transistors. Each time they pass through, a binary decision is made, 1 or 0. Multiple transistors can be combined on a circuit to make more complex configurations. These configurations are known as logic gates. Logic gates combine binary inputs to perform complex logical operations. Think of a train on its way to a station. Along the way, a railroad switch can either let the train pass or lead it to a dead end. The outcome here is binary. Did the train reach the station, yes or no? This is the simple process of a bit passing through a transistor. Now think of multiple trains, tracks, switches, and stations. Here, a greater number of permutations are possible with many more potential outcomes. This is how a logic gate combines transistors to perform much more complex logical operations. Enough logic gates combine to make up modules, and enough modules combine to make up a central processing unit, or CPU, which is the control center for the computer. Even a standard home computer is a profoundly complex patchwork of these components performing an endless series of logical operations. At a fundamental level, however, we have billions of bits, 1s, and 0s, passing through millions or even billions of simple electronic switches, or transistors. Much of the rapid progress of modern tech is driven by the ability to create smaller and smaller transistors. However, researchers are finding that they're about to hit a hard limit with transistors reaching almost the size of a single atom. This hard limit is, of course, a problem potentially grinding technological progress to a halt. The solution to this problem may be found in the world of quantum mechanics. Let's stop the lesson here. In this lesson, we first outline the concepts that we'll be covering throughout this course. We then lay the groundwork for our exploration of quantum computing by examining how classical computers work. In the next lesson, we'll explore quantum computing. Thank you.