I need your help with a work. You are a phd expert. Consider you are an expert in this field and you will approach the work with advanced detailed arguments suitable for someone who is an expert. Ensure your writing reflects your expertise and is tailored for an audience that consists of other experts in the field. Use a formal and academic tone appropriate for advanced readers and construct your content with sophisticated arguments that would meet the standards of a peer-reviewed journal. Avoid figures of speech, poetic language, and enumerations. 
Below you can find the request and information about the family and assessment conducted. The essay must consists of 20 headings. For the beginning you will help me write the outline. More exactly I need you to provide me the outline in bullet format that includes the 20 headings and what is going to be discussed in each heading ( write 3-4 detialed bullet points for each heading). Don’t’ forget to refer to the information provided and make sure that the heading and information you mention in the outline covers absolutely everything that is requested below.
What your work will have to include (adhere the outline to make sure that these are all mentioned):
A family assessment provides detailed information about health patterns and risks for an individual and their family within a family-based nursing context. Family members can provide important information regarding their loved one's care. Conducting an assessment on patients within their family environments provides for a holistic approach to nursing care and practice. The inclusion of family members in a patient’s assessment and care plan allows each participant to share their perceptions regarding the patient’s illness and the impact on the family unit. A quality family assessment requires astute observation and active listening skills. Your delivery for this task will include all these:
•	Identify a family and patient, including family demographic data for each member.
o	Specify the type of family: traditional; extended; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTQIA+), etc.
o	Identify any family illness and health concerns or issues.
o	Identify any family health promotion activities.
o	Identify the family routines disrupted by illness or health care issues.
o	Identify the family’s economic status, cultural status, and rituals.
o	Create a genogram to identify relationships among family members and medical histories (four generations).
o	Create an ecomap to identify relationships among family members and the family’s environment.
o	Identify an issue within the family to address.
o	Summarize the family health history gathered during the assessment.
o	Summarize your physical assessment data analysis of the family.
o	Analyze all information collected about your patient and family.
	Identify five Nursing Diagnosis for your plan of care.
o	The plan of care should include:
	Apply three family-focused nursing actions for each Nursing Diagnosis. Consider the following factors: Who is the recipient of the nursing action? Is the action aimed specifically toward unique persons or the family unit as a whole?
	Develop one goal for each Nursing Diagnosis in the care plan.
	Describe the overall Evaluation Plan of Care. How will family caregivers determine that the patient and family unit is progressing toward goal achievement?

Previous work to help you write this task:
The Charlie family is a binuclear family sharing custody of two of three children in their household. The family is composed by Bernice (mother), 41-year-old working two jobs. Frank (father) is a 39-year-old male also working two jobs. There are three children in the home Jackie a 17-year-old girl currently a junior in high school from Bernice previous relationship. Frank junior an 8-year-old boy currently in third grade, and Adeline a seven-year-old girl in the first grade. Bernice and Frank have been separated since January of 2020, their coparenting relationship has had their ups and downs and currently their communication is little to none. 
The separation has been tough on both parents and the children. The parents are currently sharing 50/50 custody of the two youngest, and they reside in two separate homes within the same city.  Both parents work their full-time job at the same hospital. Frank is a nursing supervisor and Bernice is the quality director. Frank has a second job at a different health system working in the same capacity, and Bernice teaches clinicals at a local nursing school. Frank workouts 5-6 days per week, attends church and he goes to church group every other Thursday, and currently goes to therapy once per month. Bernice is a member of a local gym, has several close friends whom she goes to dinner weekly. Jackie was switched schools at the beginning of this year and has quit playing volleyball. She has several friends whom she keeps in touch with from her previous school. She doesn’t have much contact with her biological father or his family. Frank Junior currently enjoys video games, and spending time with his dad. He has been taking boxing lessons for a little over a year and is in the gifted program at school. Adeline is also in the gifted program at school, she joins her brother for boxing, enjoys video games and spending time with both parents and her grandparents. Bernice’s extended family consist of five siblings and a grandfather which she is close to. Frank extended family is composed of a sister, mother, father maternal grandmother, four aunts, two uncles, and nine cousins. 
The healthcare issue the Charlie family is being affected by is the separation of the parents. Although it has been over four years it seems to be fresh for the family and they still struggle with both coping and communication. The parents hardly speak, and both rather keep their distance. The kids have witnessed Bernice on several occasion become verbally abusive towards Frank. Both parents work two jobs to provide for themselves and the kids compromising quality time with the children. The kids are constantly having to adjust themselves depending on which parent they are with. Jackie and Frank had been very close yet after the separation the relationship changed. Bernice was on antidepressants and about 8 months ago she decided to stop taking them and refuses therapy. 
Explain the purpose of completing a genogram and an ecomap.
Both tools promote family-centered care by encouraging nurses to look beyond individual patients and consider family structures, dynamics, and social contexts that impact health. This all-inclusive approach allows tailored interventions that support the individual and the family.  They provide visual frameworks that support assessment, care planning, and interventions. An ecomap provides a broader perspective by mapping the connections between a family and its external environment, including community resources and social systems. Both tools promote family-centered care by encouraging nurses to look beyond individual patients and consider family structures, dynamics, and social contexts that impact health. This comprehensive approach enables tailored interventions that support both the individual and the family. “Although development and utilization of genograms and ecomaps is rooted in clinical practice with families, as research tools they provide data that can enhance the researcher’s understanding of family member experiences.” (Rempel, G. R., Neufeld, A., & Kushner, K. E. (2007). In nursing just like in research having the full picture always helps to determine the best plan of care. 
 
Identify what is included in a genogram and how this information will be obtained for your selected family.
The genogram provides a visual summary of family health and relationship patterns, helping nurses quickly identify relevant medical history, psychosocial issues, and potential health risks. This information can be invaluable in planning holistic care strategies that address the needs of both individuals and the broader family system. The information will be collected in an a series of interviews both face to face and via telephone. 
Identify what is included in an ecomap and how this information will be obtained for your selected family.
The ecomap provides a visual of the family’s social environment, highlighting both strengths and challenges. It helps nurses identify where the family may need additional resources, where strong connections exist, and what stressors might be influencing health outcomes. This information will be collected with a series of questions regarding relationships outside of the home, and resources being used with in their community.  
Describe the template or procedure that you will use to complete the genogram and ecomap for your selected family.
	A genogram provides a visual representation of the family’s structure, relationships, and health history across generations. For the Charly family we will be gathering this information for the last three generations. 
•	Demographics
o	names, ages, and genders of family members 
o	birth/death dates.
•	Family structure
o	Nuclear family
o	Extended family
o	Relationships
•	Major illnesses or chronic conditions
When this information has been gathered, the genogram will be analyzed for trends and patterns. The ecomap is intended to show the family’s connections to external systems, resources, and stressors. This allows a visual for the family’s interactions with their environment. 
•	External Systems
o	Healthcare providers
o	Schools, workplaces, government agencies
o	Extended family/friends/religious groups
o	Community groups/social clubs
Once we have identified the external systems, we must assess the nature of the relationship. Showing those relationships and connections with different lines. 


The family chosen for this assignment is a binocular family composed of two parents and two separate households. Beatrice and Frank were together for nine years. Beatrice has one daughter from her previous relationship, Jackie a 17-year-old junior in high school, and two children with Frank. Frank Junior an 8-year-old in the third grade, Adeline a 7 year old first grader. The separation has been tough on both parents and the children. The parents are currently sharing 50/50 custody of the two youngest, and they reside in two separate homes within the same city.  Both parents work their full-time job at the same hospital. Frank is a nursing supervisor and Bernice is the quality director. Frank has a second job at a different health system working in the same capacity, and Bernice teaches clinicals at a local nursing school. Two phone interviews have been conducted one with each parent and two home visits one to each home. During the two visits the “Sample Questions for Family Assessment” (provided by the instructor) were used with additional follow up question to allow the assessment to flow as a conversation. During the arrival to the home and throughout the interview an assessment o the home was also conducted. During the assessment several things around the home stood out as safety concerns and portions of the conversation. 
Arrived at Beatrice house at 18:30, I was greeted at the door by her and the two youngest children. The children were ready to sit down and have dinner. The home was picked up and clean, everything very organized. I was given a tour of the apartment, there are three bedrooms and two bathrooms in the home. Beatrice has the master bedroom, the oldest has her won room, and the two youngest share a bedroom. I was told the kids mainly gather and play video games in Jackie’s room and watch tv in the living room, which doubles as Beatrice office when she is working from home or working on her schoolwork. The main concern regarding the home is the front door faces a busy road, and lots of walking traffic outside their front door.  Beatrice stated the kids are not allowed to be outside or play in the front lanai. During our conversation Beatrice shared she goes to the gym at least six days per week. She also works on the weekends and when she has the two youngest, they stay home with their oldest sibling. She depends on her 17-year-old to care for the two youngest, Adeline happens to be an early rise while both her siblings stay up late and sleep in n Saturdays well past noon. Leaving the youngest attended by the camera Beatrice has in her living room to monitor the children when she is not home. Adeline heard the story and shared she often prepares herself breakfast when she wakes up. She often prepares herself cereal or eggs. 
The visit with frank was similar, arrive at his home around 21:00, frank works from 7:30 to 20:00. Frank met me at the door, frank lives I a two story town home. The home has two bedrooms and two and half bathrooms. During the tour of his house, I noticed his stairs did not have a side rail, and he lives on a lake. Portion of the back yard is fenced in and behind it he has a small deck on the water. Frank and the kids often fish off the deck.  His home is clean and organized and e has sufficient space for the kids and himself. Both bedrooms are on the second floor, and each bedroom has their own bathroom. 
For this week’s assignment I have identified two safety concerns at each one of the homes. First, I will be discussing Beatrice home, and the safety concerns. Researchers have indicated that child neglect is strongly correlated with poverty, single-parent caretakers, unemployment, and multifaceted family problems. (Cowen, P. S. (1999).) the main safety concern with Beatrice is she leaves the children without adult supervision. Beatrice often leaves all three of her kids under the care of the oldest child Jackie. Jackie is a 17-year-old Junior in high school and the two younger kids do listen and enjoy spending time with her, the safety concerns comes in when the youngest is awake first. She spends several hours awake in the am while the two oldest are sleeping. She prepares herself breakfast and at time using the stove. To address this safety concern, Beatriz should explore other options for breakfast that would deter Adeline from cooking maybe leaving breakfast prepared. There is not much she can do regarding the physical location of her apartment or the front door. She can how ever take the necessary precautions to safeguard her home and the kids, not let them play on the lanai unsupervised, or out on the sidewalk. 
Frank needs to make sure he is taking precautions on his stairs. He has been living in his home since purchased back in 2021. The stairs never had any railing and the kids have not had any accident since they moved in. For the deck and safety of the children, he stated they are not allowed to be past the gated part alone or unsupervised. He has taken some measures to make sure the children don’t get out on their own, he has installed a lock on the top of the door to secure the door and block access. 
“Nurses often have direct responsibilities for monitoring and remediating parenting patterns that have placed the child in hazardous conditions.” (Cowen, P. S. (1999).  As nurses we are entrusted to be patient advocates, in family health nursing, we are the family’s advocate. This family has gone through a separation and the children are at risk while being under a single parent home. Jackie’s grades have drop significantly, Frank junior voices his wishes to move in with his father full time, and Adeline has separation anxiety from both parents. Beatrice shared she has been medicated in the past for depression and anxiety. She refuses to go to therapy and believes she can handle it on her own. Frank on the other hand stated he struggled the first three years following the separation, yet he currently does therapy, attends church, and join a few small groups at church. This family needs therapy on how to move forward both as individuals 
and a family to coparent. 





                                                                                                        

                           

 
























	





Identify the quality of the relationship between the formal and informal support through the use of lines:
ECOMAP SOCIAL WORK
Identify the quality of the relationship between the formal and informal support through the use of lines:
a solid or thick line represents an important, strong or positive connection
a broken line represents a tenuous or weak connection

                                  line with crosses through them indicate a stressful relationship

		arrows along the line point towards the directions or flow of resources, energy, or interest

	During out initial visit the sample questions given to us by our professors were used, along with some follow up questions. When asked Beatrice who composed her family, she stated she had a small village. This village was composed of her three children, four siblings, her maternal grandfather, and her former in-laws. I asked her about the children and her parents and here is what I gathered. Her and her father are not very close. He spends most of her childhood in prison. From what she knows he has a history of Hypertension and does have a pacemaker. Her mom she stated was always very protective, but she had passed away back in 1999 of colon cancer when she was 16 years old. At the time she lived with her maternal grandfather and her two younger siblings. Her maternal grandfather has been an important part of her life, and his health was also discussed. Lima Paul (grandfather) currently is diabetic, hypertensive, suffers from CAD, and gout. For the Ecomap I made one for both homes the yellow represents Beatrice, and the Blue Frank. Beatrice stated she has a bond with her siblings, yet she doesn’t count on them. They have all made a life for themselves. She stated her strongest relationships are her friends and coworkers, and some overlap. She has a few friends where she works, and they often have diner together and attend each other’s families’ functions. Her main support when it comes to the kids outside of frank is Franks mother with whom she has a very special relationship with. 
The same process was taken with Frank. Frank has a history of Psoriasis, diagnosed about two years ago. He doesn’t have any other health conditions. His father Frank Sr. has a history of hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. He did drink alcohol for many years and smoked cigarettes until his mid 20’s. Frank senior only medical procedure has been a shoulder replacement. Omayra is Franks mother. She was born in 1962and has been diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, a fatty liver, and depression. His strongest connection outside his home, are his siter, Church, and his father. He is not closed the rest of his family. And he stated he tends to keep his distance from his mother. After speaking with him and inquiring n the relationship he has with the mother of his kids, it is operant they too are struggling with being able to coparent.  
The information gather for both the genogram and the ecomap impacts nursing practice and how to maneuver care for a member of the family. Knowing some of the medical histories in their genogram can help for a proactive approach to avoid wat is already in their gene pool. Knowing the connections they have with their community makes it a bit easier to find them resources within the connections they currently have. For example, if frank is struggling with stress management or is troubled by his relationship with Beatrice, he can look for members of his church to gain advise or meet frequently.  Knowing Beatrice suffers from depression and refuses therapy is good information to keep in mind when developing a plan of care. 

Questions for Family Assessment
 Any language barriers? Everyone in the immediate family speaks English and some both English and Spanish
Does each family member have basic literacy skills? 
Yes 
Does the family have any folk/alternative health beliefs? 
No just western medicine
Usual ways family manages an illness, injury, or developmental transition.  
At the first sign of illness or injury the children are taken to their primary care physician, urgent care, or the emergency room. Both parents stated they do the same
How is this separation influencing usual management of activities of daily living?
 Time is being spent having to explain to the two youngest the why is and reinforcing basic behaviors do’s and don’ts, Jackie is spending her time catching up with school. Beatrice- Most of my day is spent working and providing, cooking, and having to be both mom and dad when the kids are with me. When the kids go to their dad’s house, I have a bit more time to myself since Jackie is the only one home. 
Frank-My day to day did change drastically initially, being responsible for providing and upkeep a home. These days it has become the norm, and I did find some help, I have a cleaning lady that comes every two weeks for deep cleaning, I cook and clean, do laundry, and take care of the kids. I work 12-hour shifts, the days I work the kids are with their mother, the days I am off the kids are with me. I do not have a weekend to myself, but I do have time for me while they are in school.
How do you, as a person, typically communicate, solve problems, and make decisions about health and illness? What helps? What creates barriers?
Beatrice- Communication depends on who I am communicating with. I can communicate face to face, over text, or a phone call. I would like to gather all the facts and produce several options to solve the problem.  Typically, I research the symptoms or illness and decide based on what I find. It helps to know all the facts and have a plan.  
Frank- When communicating I try to know my audience, sometimes I may be very forward, or I might sugar coat things, but the message is always delivered.  When it comes to problems it really depends on if I have solved a similar problem or if it is something new. If I know how to solve the problem I jump right into it, if it's a new subject I like to educate myself, speak to someone with some experience and then find a solution. I will usually call one of my pediatricians' friends and give them the symptoms and take their advice on how to move forward if it involves the kids. 
Are there potential conflicts between cultural beliefs and recommendations of health care providers? No
Describe the family’s normal dietary patterns. 
Beatrice- I try to provide home cooked meals every day for dinner, It is a combination of Hispanic food Cuban cuisine and American dishes. The kids have plenty of snacks for them to have and I keep a diet high in protein and low in carbs. 
Frank- I try to have balanced meals for the kids and I, protein, carbs, fruits, eggs, I pack their snacks for school, and we go on walks after school the days I have them. We do eat out from time to time. 
Discuss the family’s ability to receive new information and apply information that	was taught. 
They are both very receptive to new ideas and information, of course they both stated they would take the information and sit with it, take what they can apply and see fit. 
What methods are used by each family member to cope with stress?
Beatrice states she is a very anxious person and over thinks, she has for the last year been going to the gym and prioritizes it to relief stress and feel better about herself. 
Frank- Is highly active he goes to the gym, goes for a run, prays, and if all fails gives it up to God. He will talk about it in therapy and prayer and usually is able to overcome the stress. 
Are these methods	effective?
They both believe it is. 
Describe the methods of communication	commonly used within the family? 
They both had similar responses, yet I viewed two different things. Beatrice believes she communicates well with the kids, I witnessed lots or raising her voice and yelling, she seemed on edge at times. 
Frank- is a bit calmer, he will get the kids' attention by asking them to come closer and he will ask them to behave how he needs them to. He also stated he prefers talking and explaining the why to his kids versus just demanding what he wants. 
How do you as a family make decisions about health and illness? What helps? What creates barriers? 
Beatrice- I will usually become the caregiver of my household, making doctors' appointments, and keeping the follow up. Currently my brother is diagnosed with cancer, and I have been helping him make all his appointments. 
Frank-I have not had to make many decisions yet I am sure i will make them at some point, I would like to first be well informed. 
How has the family	responded to past crises and what	resources did they use? 
They have not had to as a family unit.	
Describe the family’s home. Is it safe? Are there any hazards, if so please describe?
Both homes are safe for the most part and they do take precautions. Franks home does not have any rails on his stairs and Beatrice home is in a busy area with traffic. 
Who or what within the community does the family and patient believe could be	helpful in managing an illness?
Beatrice- family, friends, case manager and whatever resources that can be helpful
Frank- family, Church, Government help, social workers, case managers
Are there any physical limitations that would impact the family’s ability to give or receive care?
No
Who organizes things for the family and ensures needed supplies or resources are	available for family members? 	
Each parent in their home, sometimes they coparent for the needs of the kids. 													
Who are the family’s social coordinators? Who maintains connections between the family unit, social networks, and larger community to meet various forms of support needs?
Beatrice usually handles most of the calendar and Frank goes with it
Who are the disciplinarians in the family when it comes to parenting and nurturing?
Batrice does both roles in her house. Frank does the same in his home. There is times Beatrice will call frank to help discipline the kids when all her methods have failed. 
2. Select a family theory from Chapter 2 in this week’s required reading that has strong relevance to the family you assessed in Weeks 1 and 2. This may not be the same model you selected for this week’s discussion.
Select a scholarly research article from the UAGC Library related to the family theory you chose in Chapter 2 and one of the issues experienced by the family you assessed for your genogram and ecomap.

Family Stress Theory (FST) is widely used in research to understand how families respond to and cope with stress, particularly in the context of chronic illness, trauma, and other life challenges. According to Robinson, M., Coehlo, D. P., & Smith, P. S. (2022). “The focus is on the analysis of how families experience and cope with stressful life events.” Developed by Reuben Hill and later expanded, the theory focuses on identifying factors that contribute to family resilience or dysfunction under stress. Researchers use FST to study how family members adapt to stressors and how these dynamics impact individual and collective well-being. Using Family Stress Theory to analyze the Charlie family situation can highlight how they experience and manage stress, especially due to their separation and co-parenting challenges. 
	The primary stressor for the Charlie family is the separation of Beatrice and Frank, which has led to co-parenting difficulties, changes in family dynamics, and emotional strain on all family members. Additional stressors include Beatrice and Frank’s demanding work schedules, which limit their time with the children, and Beatrice’s past struggles with depression. The children also face stress from adjusting to two separate households, inconsistent routines, and strained relationships, such as Jackie’s changed relationship with her stepfather and her responsibilities as a caregiver for her siblings. Family Stress Theory emphasizes the importance of resources that help families cope. In the Charlie family, Frank has support from his church and attends therapy, which offers him emotional and social support. Beatrice, on the other hand, relies on friends and her extended family, although her reluctance to continue therapy may impact her resilience. The family’s extended network, like grandparents, could be a resource for childcare to relieve Jackie of her responsibilities. Furthermore, access to mental health services could be a valuable resource for both parents and the children, especially for Jackie, who is struggling academically.
How the family views their situation impacts their ability to cope. If Beatrice and Frank view their separation as a barrier, it may hinder their ability to collaborate as co-parents, adding to family stress. Similarly, if Jackie perceives her caregiver role as a burden rather than a temporary responsibility, she may experience higher levels of stress. Positive reframing and open family discussions could help them see co-parenting as a shared goal rather than a divisive issue, fostering a more cooperative mindset. This shift in perspective could reduce tension and foster a supportive environment for the children.
The Charlie family is at risk of entering a crisis phase if they cannot effectively adapt to their challenges. Pattersn, J.M. (2002) “To be considered family resilience (in contrast to individual resilience), the outcome of interest should be at the family system level, where a minimum of two family members are involved; that is, it should represent the product of family relationship(s).” Jackie’s declining academic performance, Frank Junior’s desire to live with his father, and Adeline’s separation anxiety are signs that the children may be struggling to adapt. Family Stress Theory suggests that families can adapt by developing new coping strategies or drawing on additional resources and build resilience. With guidance, Beatrice and Frank could work toward consistent routines and communication strategies that support the children across both households.
The following will discuss some Nursing interventions that could be applied to the Charlie family. Encouraging the family to utilize external resources, such as counseling or extended family support, could relieve stress on individual members. For example, providing Jackie with academic support and exploring alternative childcare options for Beatrice could reduce Jackie’s caregiver burden. Encouraging family members to openly discuss their feelings may help shift perceptions from blame or frustration toward a shared goal of supporting each other. Family therapy sessions could help Beatrice and Frank communicate more effectively, improving the family’s overall resilience. Introducing stress management techniques, like mindfulness or relaxation exercises, could benefit both parents and children. Instructing the family problem-solving and conflict-resolution skills could also help them manage challenges without escalating into crisis. Consistent daily routines for the children in both homes could foster stability and reduce anxiety. Working with Beatrice and Frank to establish similar expectations and routines in each household can help the children feel secure and minimize the impact of family stress. By applying Family Stress Theory, we see that the Charlie family could benefit from strengthening resources, adjusting perceptions, and developing effective coping strategies to better adapt to their challenges. This approach encourages a proactive and supportive environment, helping the family manage stress in a way that promotes resilience and well-being for each member.

The Charlie family is a binuclear family sharing custody of two of three children in their household. The family is composed of Bernice (mother), 41-year-old working two jobs. Frank (father) is a 39-year-old male also working two jobs. There are three children in the home Jackie a 17-year-old girl currently a junior in high school from Bernice previous relationship. Frank junior, an 8-year-old boy currently in third grade, and Adeline a seven-year-old girl in the first grade. Bernice and Frank have been separated since January of 2020, their coparenting relationship has had its difficulties and currently their communication is little to none. 
The separation has been tough on both parents and the children. The parents are currently sharing 50/50 custody of the two youngest, and they reside in two separate homes within the same city.  Both parents work their full-time job at the same hospital. Frank is a nursing supervisor, and Bernice is the quality director. Frank has a second job at a different health system working in the same capacity, and Bernice teaches clinicals at a local nursing school. Frank workouts 5-6 days per week, attends church and he goes to church group every other Thursday, and currently goes to therapy once per month. Bernice is a member of a local gym, has several close friends whom she goes to dinner with weekly. Jackie switched schools at the beginning of this year and has quit playing volleyball. She has several friends whom she has stayed connected with from her previous school. She does not have much contact with her biological father or his family. Frank Junior currently enjoys video games, and spending time with his dad. He has been taking boxing lessons for a little over a year and is in the gifted program at school. Adeline is also in the gifted program at school, she joins her brother for boxing, enjoys video games and spending time with both parents and her grandparents. Bernice’s extended family consists of five siblings and a grandfather who she is close to. Frank extended family is composed of a sister, mother, father maternal grandmother, four aunts, two uncles, and nine cousins.
In assessing and supporting the Charlie family, who are facing ongoing challenges related to co-parenting, communication, and daily demands, it is essential to adopt a family-centered approach rooted in evidence-based practices. This essay discusses key health policies, regulations, standards, and ethical principles pertinent to developing a tailored care plan. In doing so we focused on those most pertinent to the Charlie family. We will also summarize components of a family care plan suited to the Charlies, incorporating elements of Family Stress Theory (FST) to understand and mitigate the stressors impacting their health and relationships. Family Stress Theory helps explain how families respond to and cope with stress. This theory, developed by Reuben Hill, centers on the idea that stress can affect family functioning and dynamics, and that families go through a process of adaptation based on the type and severity of stress, their resources, and their coping mechanisms. Using Family Stress Theory to analyze the Charlie family situation can highlight how they experience and manage stress, especially due to their separation and co-parenting challenges. 
	The ACA provides vital access to mental health resources, essential for family members like Bernice, who has struggled with depression, and her daughter Jackie, who may benefit from academic and emotional support. According to Robinson, M., Coehlo, D. P., & Smith, P. S. (2022) “The United States continues to strive toward a more affordable and accessible health care system. ACA had the goal of universal healthcare for every citizen. The objectives of this ac included:
1.Decreasingthe number of uninsured U.S. citizens
2. decreasing health care cost in the United States
3. Improving the efficacy of healthcare
4. decreasing discrimination by insurance companies based on preexisting conditions
5. improving health care outcomes (Levitsky, 2013).”
 Given the limited communication and co-parenting struggles, counseling and therapeutic support for both parents and children could help establish healthier patterns. Additionally, the ACA’s provisions enable easier access to preventative and therapeutic services without financial strain, which is especially valuable for a family balancing multiple jobs and households. HIPAA is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. HIPAA ensures privacy for any family therapy or individual counseling sessions, safeguarding confidentiality across Bernice, Frank, and their children. HIPAA compliance will be crucial in maintaining trust within family therapy, especially in a scenario where both parents work in healthcare and may require discretion in managing personal matters within a shared professional environment. The American Nurse Association or ANA Code of Ethics emphasizes patient-centered care, autonomy, and respect. Applying this standard to the Charlies will guide the creation of a respectful, equitable co-parenting plan, emphasizing the children’s well-being. It also reinforces the importance of involving both parents in decision-making processes, fostering an environment were autonomy and mutual respect guide co-parenting strategies.
	The Family Medical Leave Act or FMLA provides job protection for up to 12 weeks (about 3 months), supporting Frank or Bernice if they need time off due to family health issues or to address any emerging family-related challenges. With both parents working multiple jobs, FMLA could offer a respite during critical times, allowing them to address health needs or participate in family therapy without compromising job security. If Jackie’s academic performance is impacted by learning challenges or emotional distress linked to the family dynamics, IDEA could provide her access to supportive educational services. These services could improve her resilience, lessen stress, and offer resources to foster success and stability amid household transitions.
	Autonomy is crucial as Bernice and Frank need to respect each other’s parenting approaches, roles, and the choices each makes for the children’s benefit. Establishing a mutual co-parenting framework rooted in autonomy will help them navigate individual parenting styles, leading to healthier outcomes for their children. Beneficence emphasizes the necessity to prioritize the children’s well-being in all decisions, from creating consistent routines to accessing mental health support. By focusing on actions that benefit the children, this principle guides the family in balancing work, childcare, and support services. The decision to end a marriage or to separate is not an easy one, although many couples have their own personal reasons why when kids are involved the children must be thought of with every decision. 
	The Charlies’ family care plan emphasizes a multi-faceted approach targeting mental health, stable routines, and constructive communication. Key resources might include family therapy, educational support for Jackie, and a collaborative co-parenting workshop. Regular mental health check-ins, structured routines, and stress-relief activities like exercise and quality family time are also prioritized. By adopting a family-centered approach through Family Stress Theory, this care plan aims to foster resilience, stability, and well-being for each family member.
A family care plan for the Charlies:
• Goals: Develop consistent routines, implement a co-parenting strategy with clear communication, and seek therapy resources.
• Interventions: Engage in family therapy, establish routines across both households, and pursue academic and emotional support for Jackie.
• Resources: Connect with local counseling, support groups, and educational services.
• Outcomes: Improved co-parenting collaboration, reduced family stress, and better academic and emotional stability for the children.
	This comprehensive approach acknowledges the Charlies’ unique circumstances and complex dynamics. Policies, laws, and ethical principles form a foundation to address their needs, while a structured family care plan supports positive adaptation. The plan’s goal is to reduce stress, strengthen relationships, and enable each family member to thrive within a supportive environment. Equipping both Parents with the necessary tools to co-parent effectively is key for their own wellbeing and the well-being of the children.