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 Emperor Marcus Aurelius was the most powerful
man on earth.
He commanded an army that was feared in all
corners of the known world.
And if he wanted he could have sex with any
woman he desires and be drunk and partying
for the rest of his life.
It’s quite difficult to imagine absolute
power.
Many powerful people in the past and the present
cannot handle power.
They become corrupt.
Slaves of their greed and
hunger for more.
But Marcus Aurelius was different.
He was the emperor of Rome and very conscious
of the fact that momentary pleasure was available
to him without limits.
As opposed to his son Commodus, he turned
away from orgies, excessive use of alcohol
and the sadistic sick scences in the colosseum
where the Roman elite went for entertainment.
He wrote about his determination and struggle
with himself in his memoirs that were never
meant to be published, called Meditations.
Meditations became a key work of a more than
2000 years old philosophical school called
Stoicism.
The Stoics observed that from the human perspective
two categories can be distinguished: things
that we do not control and things we do control.
The Stoic philosopher Epictetus starts his
work the Enchiridion with the fundamental
tenet of Stoicism, which is that most things
are simply not up to us.
Think about exterior things like our friends,
our colleagues, our intimate partners, the
economy, the number of likes on Facebook,
things that politicians say or the deterioration
of our bodies.
Yes we can influence these matters.
But even if we do everything right: the economy
can still collapse, our money can be taken
from us and our intimate partners can cheat
or die.
At the end of the day there is nothing we
can do to exclude misfortune.
This sounds depressing and pessimistic, but
don’t worry: there are still aspects of
our life that are up to us.
According to Epictetus these aspects are:
our opinions, our own actions or, in other
words, the position we take towards the world
around us.
According to Epictetus, we should focus on the things
within our control and have a contempt for
the things not in our control.
Someone who is severely ill doesn’t have
control over his or her disease.
We can mitigate the symptoms or use healing
techniques hoping that the patient recovers,
but the results are not up to us.
Nevertheless, this person can decide which position he or she takes in regards to the situation
When the sickness is fully accepted, and the
possibility of death as well, a human being
can reach a state of inner peace.
(by the way, this is not medical advice.
It’s philosophy)
Also, a calm mind can act in a logical and
rational way and probably makes better life
choices which might increase the chance of
recovery.
Stoic ethics consist of different values.
I haven’t discovered a solid formula which
contains these values like some kind of ten
commandments, but I did discover that Stoicism
points to life in accordance with nature.
Nature refers to the greater whole and our
role in it as human beings.
From our innate potential we have to act for
the benefit of the whole.
We shouldn’t act against the natural course
of things but embrace it.
In opposition to what some believe, Stoics
are not beings without emotion.
They see emotion as a human characteristic
that can be trumped by reason.
Because it’s not the emotion itself that
decides our mood but the position we take
towards that emotion.
This way of thinking is quite therapeutic
because it doesn’t only make you more aware
of your emotions, but you can see view them
as sensation that come and go like the waves
of the ocean.
This way you won’t get overwhelmed by them.
Modern Stoics focus themselves on a number
of exercises to reach inner peace, like the
praemeditatio malorum, or, the negative visualization.
Marcus Aurelius was confronted daily with
all sorts of people who weren’t very nice
to deal with.
By starting the day with a negative visualization
he mentally prepared himself for these confrontations.
He told himself:
“Today I shall be meeting with interference,
ingratitude, insolence, disloyalty, ill-will,
and selfishness – all of them due to the
offenders’ ignorance of what is good or evil.”
A Stoic often reminds himself that life is
temporary which is called memento mori (remember
that you will die), so he won’t waste time
on trivial things and, and that’s my own
twist, don’t take life too serious either.
Another exercise is called “the view from
above” that makes us see ourselves from
a cosmic view point, so we realize how small
and unimportant we are compared to the vastness
of the universe.
That indifference is a power, the Stoics know
very well.
Life is short and that’s why it’s important
to point our life energy towards essential
and important things, and leave unimportant
things be.
Especially in the current age Stoicism can
be a valuable instrument to give our lives
guidance, so we don’t drown in a sea of
stimuli and distractions.
Thank you for watching.