Generate a complete Harvard References Section for the following Section of an essay

1.0 Chapter One: Introduction

Migration continues to be a defining feature of the global socio-economic and political landscape. The movement of people across borders is primarily driven by the search for improved living conditions, quality education, and opportunities for personal growth and development (Castles, De Haas, & Miller, 2014). This phenomenon has become pertinent in Nigeria, a country facing significant social, economic, and political challenges such as poverty, unemployment, poor governance, and communal conflicts (Adepoju, 2008). These factors have prompted many Nigerian families to migrate to countries like the United Kingdom, with the hope of securing better futures for their children.

According to Mazzucato, Schans, Caarls, and Beauchemin (2015), Nigerian migrants encounter challenges related to integration, cultural assimilation, as well as racial and economic barriers in their destination nations. The impact of migration on Nigerian children who relocate to the UK with their parents remains a topic that has received limited scholarly attention. According to Schofield, Beaumont, Widger, Parkes, and Demetriou (2021), the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural development of children may be impacted by the social, economic, and psychological consequences of migration. The present research investigates the migratory encounters of Nigerian minors, ranging from 6 to 18 years of age, who have relocated to the United Kingdom in the past five years, accompanied by their guardians. This research will contribute to theoretical and empirical knowledge on migration and child development, as well as inform policy and practice on interventions aimed at addressing the unique needs of migrant children.

The rationale behind this study is the recognition that migration is not only an adult-driven phenomenon, but one that significantly affects the lives of children accompanying their parents on a migratory journey (Mazzucato et al., 2015). Research on the experiences of migrant children tends to focus mainly on unaccompanied minors and the effects of forced or irregular migration (Kohli & Mather, 2003). Comparatively, little is known about the migration-related experiences of children who move with their parents, despite the fact that such children constitute a substantial proportion of the migrant population in the UK (Schofield et al., 2021).

Moreover, understanding the experiences of Nigerian migrant children in the UK is crucial, considering the significant number of Nigerians migrating to the UK annually (Smith & King, 2012). Nigeria is one of the major source countries for migration to the UK, making Nigerian migrants an important population group to study in order to fully understand the dynamics of migration experiences and their effects on families and communities (Adepoju, 2008). The insights gained from this research may enable policymakers, service providers, and non-governmental organizations to develop targeted interventions aimed at improving the social, economic, and psychological well-being of Nigerian migrant children in the UK.

1.2	Research Questions
As aforementioned, this research aims to explore the effects of migration on Nigerian children who migrated with their parents to the United Kingdom. The study will specifically investigate the social, economic, and psychological impacts of migration on the children. To achieve these aims, the following research questions and sub-questions have been formulated:

Research Question 1. What are the impacts of migration to the UK on Nigerian/sub-Saharan African children?
This question explores the various impacts of migration on Nigerian/sub-Saharan children in the social, economic, and psychological domains. Existing literature on migration and child outcomes suggests that migration has a multifaceted and context-dependent impact on child development, education, family dynamics, and mental health (Crul et al., 2012; Dhital et al., 2015; Mazzucato & Schans, 2011). By linking these potential impacts to Nigerian/sub-Saharan migrant children specifically, this question highlights an under-researched area and identifies the importance of understanding the nuanced experiences of this particular group of migrant children within the UK context.

Research Question 2. How do Nigerian families navigate and overcome the challenges posed by migration, specifically for their children?
Understanding the various coping strategies and resources that Nigerian families employ to overcome the challenges stemming from migration is important for identifying culturally and context-specific sources of resilience in navigating the migration process. Research on migrant families has demonstrated the importance of social networks, family ties, cultural values, and community organizations in facilitating resilience and adaptation (Glick, 2010; Menjívar, 2000; Tienda & Haskins, 2011). Exploring these aspects in the context of Nigerian migrant families will enrich the literature on migration and child outcomes, and shed light on targeted interventions and policy recommendations to support Nigerian migrant children in the UK.

Research Question 3. How does gender influence the challenges Nigerian migrant children face in the UK?
Gender is an important factor that may shape the specific challenges that Nigerian migrant children face, as well as their access to resources and opportunities in the host society (Elamon, 2015; Klocker, 2011; Whitehead et al., 2016). Studying the gendered dimensions of migration experiences will contribute to a more holistic understanding of the effects of migration on Nigerian children and inform the design of more effective and targeted support measures to address the needs of both boys and girls in the UK.

By systematically examining these research questions and sub-questions, this study aims to generate evidence on the effects of migration on Nigerian children who migrated with their parents to the United Kingdom.