2. Is it the role of the human scientist only to describe what is the case, or also to make judgments about what should be the case?

To answer whether “It is the role of the human scientist only to describe what is the case or also make judgments about what should be the case,” we must keep in mind the human scientists’ part in creating knowledge. The human sciences include anthropology, economics, business, sociology, etc. They usually require complicated moral and ethical concerns. This essay will delve into the role of human scientists and what duties that role comes with; is it the responsibility to make judgments? or does it stop at description? 

Human Scientists should be objective, meaning that they should be able to offer an unbiased description of their cases. Furthermore, objectivity is crucial to prevent any personal opinion or emotions from interfering with the research making it uncredible. For example, a sociologist's job is to study society and social behavior by inspecting institutions, groups, etc. One might study the effects of education on the social mobility of educated versus non-educated groups. In this case, the sociologist would be required to describe the data gathered and trends observed, such as the income differences between educated and non-educated individuals without making a definitive statement of whether or not it's good or bad. In addition, as the human sciences rely on evidence to support their findings, the more evidence gathered, the more credible the explanations will be. Therefore, the human scientist’s job is to strictly describe, explain, and provide evidence without offering judgment. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2020)(“Sociologists,” 2024) 

However, there is another perspective in which we can see this dilemma. Sometimes, human scientists must make judgments since the knowledge they create can greatly affect and shape society. For example, a psychologist studying mental health could argue for policies that prioritize mental health care based on their findings and so and so. Another example could be an economist studying trends in the stock market that correlate to major stock crashes. Such studies could influence the economy of countries; hence, it's their responsibility to make judgments on what to do for the sake of society. From this situation, we can deduce that with knowledge, comes certain responsibility. In this situation, human scientists have a role in society and their work usually affects decisions that influence people's lives. They must constantly consider how their findings impact others and what actions should be based on their knowledge. Therefore, it is their responsibility to make judgments. (Helmut Danner,1986)(Pettenuzzo, 2014)

Human scientists exist in both roles; they can see the world and more and then afterward report back and judge what's appropriate and what's not. Yet the idea of projecting the possibility of never being biased makes human scientists always conscious of their findings and declarations because they must recognize their cultural status and therefore be indifferent to anything they find out to be true, yet at the same time they must be accountable for any findings and declarations and how much might impact a culture if such an impact is anticipated. Therefore, human scientists exist in a kind of limbo between describing what's there and judging what's supposed to be. 


grade this essay, just tell me parts that are slightly off, and give recommendation, focus on the arguments made