а теперь пожалуйста ничего не меняй, просто пронумеруй все заново от 1 до 54 и убери пробел между примерами и определниями:
1. Speculation - спекуляции
English definition: The forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence.
Example: Amidst the turmoil in the financial markets, speculation was rampant as investors guessed wildly about the central bank’s next move. Analysts speculated on various outcomes, but without concrete data, their discussions were rooted more in conjecture than in reliable forecasts.

2. Record - запись
English definition: An official document that records important facts or events.
Example: The archaeologist’s record of the excavation included detailed notes, meticulously drawn maps, and photographs. These records would serve as a crucial reference for researchers and were instrumental in piecing together the history of the ancient settlement.

3. To exert pressure - оказывать давление
English definition: To use authority or power to influence or affect someone’s actions or decisions.
Example: The international community started to exert pressure on the country’s government, calling for immediate action on human rights reforms. Through a combination of economic sanctions and diplomatic negotiations, they aimed to bring about change in the nation’s policies.

4. Information warfare - информационная война
English definition: The use and management of information to gain a competitive advantage over adversaries, typically involving the manipulation or destruction of data.
Example: During the cyber conflict, both nations engaged in information warfare, with hackers infiltrating systems to steal sensitive data, planting false information, and deploying malware to disrupt the other side’s critical infrastructure.

5. To be prone to smth - быть склонным к чему либо
English definition: To have a natural tendency or disposition to something, usually a negative attribute or event.
Example: The low-lying coastal city was prone to flooding, especially during the hurricane season. To address this vulnerability, the local government invested heavily in building protective levees and improving the drainage systems.

6. To be prejudiced against smth - быть предубежденным
English definition: To have an unreasonable preconceived preference or dislike based on stereotypes rather than actual experience or evidence.
Example: Despite Jane’s extensive qualifications, she felt that the hiring committee was prejudiced against her because of her age, and she worried this bias would prevent her from landing her dream job at the advertising agency.

7. To be heavily censored - подвергнуться жёсткой цензуре
English definition: To have expression or information suppressed or edited to a significant degree by a regulatory authority.
Example: The filmmaker discovered that his documentary would be heavily censored before it could be released to the public; all politically sensitive scenes would need to be cut to avoid upsetting the status quo and challenging the government’s narrative.

8. To perceive/perceiption - воспринимать, восприятие
English definition: To become aware of, know, or identify by means of the senses; an understanding, insight, or awareness gained through the senses.
Example: The artist hoped that viewers would perceive her new installation as a commentary on the impermanence of memory. Their perception of the ephemeral materials and fading images would hopefully spark a poignant reflection on the fleeting nature of life.

9. Invade/intrude - вмешиваться, вторгаться
English definition: To enter without permission or welcome; to encroach or interrupt inappropriately.
Example: During the private function, several fans tried to invade the VIP area to get a closer look at the celebrity guests, completely disregarding the intrusion this would cause and the discomfort it would inflict on those in attendance.

10. To impose an opinion on (imposition) - навязывать
English definition: To forcefully or unwillingly press one’s beliefs or views upon another.
Example: In the classroom, Mr. Thompson was known to impose his opinions on the students, often stifling debate and discouraging them from forming their own ideas. This approach to teaching was in stark contrast with Ms. Lee, who encouraged open discussion and critical thinking.

11. Undesirable - нежелательный
English definition: Not wanted or desired; often because of being harmful, objectionable, or inappropriate.
Example: Because of its highly undesirable side effects, the drug was taken off the market. Patients reported severe reactions that led to the medical community questioning its safety and demanding its removal from pharmacy shelves.

12. To make a pledge - пообещать (когда речь о политиках)
English definition: To make a serious promise or agreement, especially a public or official one.
Example: During the global summit on climate change, the world leaders made a pledge to reduce their countries’ carbon emissions by 40% over the next two decades. This ambitious pledge was a critical step in the collective effort to combat the impact of global warming.
Moral standards- Моральные стандарты
English definition: Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.
Example: In the company, employees are expected to uphold high moral standards, ensuring they act ethically, treat each other with respect, and make decisions that do not compromise the firm’s integrity. When a manager faces a conflict of interest, adhering to these moral standards requires disclosing the situation and recusing themselves from related decision-making processes.
Perverted- Извращённый
English definition: Having been changed so much from its original state as to be completely altered or become unnatural or abnormal.
Example: The criminal’s actions were not just illegal but truly perverted, as he manipulated the trust of those around him for his own twisted satisfaction. Society often shuns such deviant behaviors because they so grossly violate our collective sense of what is naturally acceptable and moral.
Banned- Запрещённый
English definition: Officially or legally prohibited; forbidden by law, rule, or other authority.
Example: After the discovery that the substance was linked to serious health risks, it was banned from use in food products. The new legislation came into effect immediately, obligating manufacturers to reformulate their recipes without the harmful ingredient and ensuring consumer safety was no longer compromised.
Masquerading- Под маской, маскировка
English definition: Pretending to be someone one is not, or to have qualities one does not possess, often to deceive others.
Example: The spy was masquerading as a diplomat, attending high-profile events and gathering sensitive information. His entire persona was fabricated, from his name down to his supposed background, allowing him to navigate the political circles undetected, all the while passing on secret communications to his handlers.
Unscrupulous- Беспринципный
Having or showing no moral principles; not honest or fair.
The unscrupulous CEO embezzled millions from the company, exploiting loopholes in financial regulations and betraying the trust of all stakeholders. Her actions, driven by greed, inevitably led to the collapse of the once reputable corporation and the loss of hundreds of jobs.
Counter-productive- Контрпродуктивный
English definition: Having the opposite of the desired effect or hindering the achievement of a goal.
Example: Micromanaging the team proved to be counter-productive, as it stifled creativity and fostered an environment of distrust and frustration. Rather than improving productivity and quality as intended, it led to a decline in morale and an increase in turnover, which hurt the project’s progress.
Excessive- Чрезмерный
-English definition: More than is necessary, reasonable, or permissible.
Example: The company’s excessive focus on cost-cutting, while initially boosting profits, eventually backfired. The quality of their products suffered, customer satisfaction plummeted, and the brand’s once stellar reputation was tarnished, demonstrating how an excessive emphasis on short-term gains can result in long-term losses.
Degrades- Унижает
English definition: To reduce in dignity or estimation; to belittle or bring into disrepute.
Example: The constant criticism from the manager not only degrades employees’ self-worth but also demoralizes the entire team. When individuals feel undervalued or humiliated, they are less likely to perform at their best, leading to a workplace that lacks inspiration and collaboration.
Safeguards- Меры защиты
English definition: Measures taken to protect against possible danger, damage, loss, or injury.
Example: The engineers built robust safeguards into the software system, including encrypted data storage, strong password requirements, and regular security audits, to protect against data breaches and ensure the privacy and security of user information.
Infringes- Нарушает
English definition: Actively violate a right or law.
Example: The new surveillance policy of the company infringes on employees’ rights to privacy, as it involves monitoring of personal emails and phone calls. There is a growing discontent among the workforce, as many believe their personal space is being unfairly encroached upon without valid justification.
Corrupting- Разлагающий
English definition: Cause to act dishonestly in return for money or personal gain; to spoil or degrade.
Example: The politician’s corrupting influence was felt throughout the city’s administration, with bribes and kickbacks becoming a common practice for securing contracts and favors. This illicit behavior eroded the public’s trust and undermined the principles of transparent and fair governance.
Gratuitous- Необоснованный
English definition: Uncalled for; lacking good reason; unwarranted.
Example: The film faced criticism for its gratuitous use of violence, which many viewers found to be excessive and unnecessary for the plot’s progression. Instead of enhancing the narrative, these scenes were seen as an exploitation of shock value, drawing attention away from the storyline and characters.
1. Reporter - репортер
English definition: A person who reports news for a newspaper, magazine, radio, or television.
Example: The reporter spent weeks investigating the story before it was finally published, revealing significant political corruption.
2. Paparazzo - папарацци
English definition: A freelance photographer who pursues celebrities to get photographs of them, often without regard for their privacy.
Example: The movie star was constantly hounded by a swarm of paparazzi, desperate to capture every moment of her private life for the tabloids.
3. Editor - редактор
English definition: A person who is in charge of the content and final production of a newspaper, magazine, or multi-author blog, ensuring the quality and accuracy of the material.
Example: The editor meticulously reviewed each article for the upcoming issue, making sure that the facts were double-checked and the writing was clear and engaging.
4. Producer - продюсер
English definition: A person responsible for the financial and managerial aspects of the making of a film, play, television program, or other entertainment productions.
Example: The producer oversaw every aspect of the film’s production, from casting to budgeting, ensuring that the project stayed on time and on budget.
5. Blogger - блоггер
English definition: Someone who writes regularly for an online journal or website, typically providing commentary or news on a particular subject.
Example: The food blogger visited restaurants across the city, sharing her culinary adventures and recipes with a growing audience of enthusiastic readers.
6. Correspondent - корреспондент
English definition: A journalist who sends news reports or commentary from a remote or specified location, often for a particular section of the press.
Example: As a foreign correspondent, she was stationed in the Middle East, providing in-depth coverage of the ongoing conflict for her newspaper’s international section.
7. Anchor - ведущий (anchorman) / ведущая (anchorwoman)
English definition: A main presenter of a television or radio news program who coordinates and unifies the program’s content and presentation.
Example: The seasoned anchor delivered the evening news with a calm demeanor, guiding viewers through the day’s events with clarity and poise.
8. Moderator - модератор
English definition: A person who presides over a discussion, debate, or interview, ensuring that the rules are followed and that the discourse remains orderly and fair.
Example: The moderator skillfully navigated the political debate, ensuring that each candidate had an equal opportunity to speak and respond to questions.
9. Columnist - колумнист
English definition: A writer who regularly contributes a column to a newspaper, magazine, or website, usually providing personal commentary, opinion, or specialized information.
Example: The columnist’s weekly piece on environmental issues was both thought-provoking and informative, drawing attention to climate change’s pressing concerns.
10. Feeling helpless - чувствовать себя бессильным
English definition: Having a sense of powerlessness or inability to affect one’s situation or surroundings.
Example: After the hurricane hit, many residents felt helpless, faced with the destruction of their homes and the daunting task of rebuilding their lives.
11. Power is concentrated in the hands of too few media barons - власть сконцентрирована в руках слишком немногих медиа-магнатов
English definition: Control and influence over the media are held by a small number of powerful individuals, which can affect the diversity and impartiality of information presented to the public.
Example: Critics argue that when power is concentrated in the hands of too few media barons, journalistic independence is threatened, and the media landscape becomes less democratic.
12. Content, keep up with - довольный, следить за чем-то (in context)
English definition: To be satisfied and make an effort to stay informed about certain topics or events, without necessarily seeking comprehensive knowledge.
Example: I’m quite content to just keep up with bits and pieces of news via social media, rather than delving deep into every story.
13. Foreign affairs - международные отношения
English definition: Matters concerning the relationships between nations, including diplomacy, international trade, and conflicts.
Example: The foreign affairs correspondent analyzed the implications of the new trade agreement between the neighboring countries.
14. Overseas - за границей
English definition: In or to a foreign country, especially one across the sea.
Example: He was excited about his new assignment working overseas, which would give him a chance to experience different cultures and work environments.
15. Suppress - подавлять
English definition: To forcibly put an end to or inhibit something, such as information, a rebellion, or a feeling.
Example: The authorities attempted to suppress the spread of the information by blocking internet access during the protests.
16. Citizen - гражданин
English definition: A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized.
Example: As a citizen, she felt it was her duty to vote in the election and have a say in the future of her country.
17. Rolling 24-hour news - круглосуточные новости
English definition: A continuous, uninterrupted broadcast of news updates that is available 24 hours a day, providing up-to-the-minute reporting on events as they happen.
Example: The rolling 24-hour news channel covered the breaking news story throughout the night, keeping viewers informed of every new development.
18. Get totally hooked on - полностью подсесть на что-то
English definition: To become completely engrossed or addicted to something, typically an activity or a habit.
Example: Once she started watching the new drama series, she got totally hooked on it and binge-watched the entire season over the weekend.
19. Speculation - спекуляции
English definition: The forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence.
Example: There was much speculation about the CEO’s sudden resignation, but no hard facts were available to the public.
20. Hard facts - неоспоримые факты
English definition: Reliable pieces of information that are indisputable and based on evidence.
Example: The journalist made sure to differentiate between rumors and hard facts while writing the report on the scandal.
21. Follow the news - следить за новостями
English definition: To regularly watch, read, or listen to reports about current events.
Example: Even on vacation, he made it a point to follow the news, keeping abreast of the latest political developments.
22. Seek publicity - добиваться публичности
English definition: To attempt to attract the attention of the media and the public, often to promote oneself or one’s cause.
Example: The startup company sought publicity by launching a viral marketing campaign online.
23. Hold a press conference - провести пресс-конференцию
English definition: To organize and conduct a meeting with members of the press to make an announcement or answer questions.
Example: The mayor decided to hold a press conference to address the concerns raised by the recent housing study.
24. Go to press - идти в печать
English definition: To start the process of printing a publication, such as a book, newspaper, or magazine.
Example: The final draft of the article was approved and ready to go to press in time for the morning edition.
25. Make the headlines - попасть в заголовки
English definition: To be featured prominently in the news, usually as the subject of a significant or sensational story.
Example: The actress made the headlines when she announced her surprise retirement from the film industry.
26. Sue for libel - подать иск за клевету
English definition: To take legal action against someone for making a false and damaging statement in written form.
Example: The politician decided to sue the newspaper for libel after they published unfounded accusations about his personal life.
27. Hit the front page - попасть на первую страницу
English definition: To become the leading story in a newspaper, often implying the story’s importance or sensational nature.
Example: The whistleblower’s revelations hit the front page, causing a nationwide debate over government surveillance.
28. Receive a lot of coverage - получить широкую огласку
English definition: To be reported on extensively by the media.
Example: The charity event received a lot of coverage, helping to increase awareness and donations for the cause.
29. Run a story - опубликовать статью
English definition: To publish a news report or article.
Example: After verifying the sources’ credibility, the editor agreed to run the story about the environmental crisis in the river basin.
30. Issue a press release - выпустить пресс-релиз
English definition: To distribute a written statement to the press, supplying information or an official comment.
Example: The company issued a press release announcing the launch of its innovative new smartphone.