Summarize the following text to main points and sub-points and make detailed explain for them:

 فحوصات مرحله ثالثه كورس ثاني لكل المادةMCQ 
Lec.1 
21 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on Angiocardiography 
with five answer options and their correct answers: 
1. Angiocardiography is: 
a) A non-invasive imaging technique. 
b) An invasive procedure to visualize the heart and blood vessels. 
c) Primarily used for diagnosing pneumonia. 
d) Only used for diagnostic purposes. 
e) Replaced entirely by echocardiography. 
Correct Answer: b) An invasive procedure to visualize the heart and blood vessels. 
2. The primary purpose of diagnostic catheterization has been largely replaced by: 
a) Chest X-ray 
b) Fluoroscopy 
c) CT coronary angiography 
d) MRI 
e) Radionuclide imaging 
Correct Answer: c) CT coronary angiography 
3. Angiocardiography is commonly used in the treatment of: 
a) Fractures 
b) Stroke 
c) Congenital heart defects 
d) Diabetes 
e) AsthmaCorrect Answer: c) Congenital heart defects 
4. Which of the following is NOT a common contraindication for angiocardiography? 
a) Allergy to contrast media 
b) Low blood pressure 
c) Recent vaccination 
d) Kidney failure 
e) Severe anemia 
Correct Answer: c) Recent vaccination 
5. A common complication of angiocardiography related to anesthesia is: 
a) Heart attack 
b) Stroke 
c) Emesis (vomiting) 
d) Kidney failure 
e) Blindness 
Correct Answer: c) Emesis (vomiting) 
6. The most commonly used contrast agent in angiocardiography is: 
a) High osmolality ionic contrast media 
b) Low osmolality nonionic contrast agents 
c) Iso-osmolar nonionic contrast agents 
d) Barium sulfate 
e) Air 
Correct Answer: b) Low osmolality nonionic contrast agents 
7. Which vessel is typically avoided for catheter insertion in adults during angiocardiography? 
a) Femoral vein 
b) Cephalic veinc) Basilic vein 
d) Brachial arterye) Radial artery 
Correct Answer: b) Cephalic vein 
8. In children, the left heart can sometimes be examined through a: 
a) Patent foramen ovale 
b) Stent 
c) Pacemaker 
d) Artificial valve 
e) Bypass graft 
Correct Answer: a) Patent foramen ovale 
9. Which of the following is NOT a component of the equipment used in angiocardiography? 
a) Biplane digital fluoroscopy 
b) Pressure recording device 
c) Stethoscope 
d) ECG monitor 
e) Catheters 
Correct Answer: c) Stethoscope 
10. What type of catheter is often used in angiocardiography? 
a) End hole catheter 
b) Side hole catheter 
c) Coiled tip (pigtail) catheter 
d) All of the above 
e) None of the above 
Correct Answer: d) All of the above 
11. What is the primary purpose of using contrast media during angiocardiography? 
a) To numb the area 
b) To prevent infection  c) To visualize blood vessels d) To increase blood pressure 
e) To relax the heart muscle 
Correct Answer: c) To visualize blood vessels 
12. What is the most serious complication associated with contrast media used in 
angiocardiography? 
a) Headache 
b) Rash 
c) Nausea 
d) Death 
e) Dizziness 
Correct Answer: d) Death 
13. What is the primary function of a catheter in angiocardiography? 
a) To deliver anesthesia 
b) To guide the contrast media 
c) To measure blood pressure 
d) To stimulate heart contractions 
e) To drain fluid from the heart 
Correct Answer: b) To guide the contrast media 
14. Which of the following is a potential complication of angiocardiography related to contrast 
media? 
a) Hypotension 
b) Hypertension 
c) Tachycardia 
d) All of the above 
e) None of the above 
Correct Answer: d) All of the above 
15. What is the primary purpose of using fluoroscopy during angiocardiography? 
a) To guide catheter placement      b) To measure heart rate 
c) To assess lung function       d) To monitor blood pressure     e) To administer medication 
Correct Answer: a) To guide catheter placement 
16. What does "invasive" mean in the context of angiocardiography? 
a) Performed without entering the body 
b) Performed through a small incision or puncture 
c) Performed using imaging techniques 
d) Performed remotely 
e) Performed using medication 
Correct Answer: b) Performed through a small incision or puncture 
17. What is the role of the electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor during angiocardiography? 
a) To monitor heart rhythm 
b) To measure blood pressure 
c) To guide catheter placement 
d) To deliver anesthesia 
e) To administer contrast media 
Correct Answer: a) To monitor heart rhythm 
18. Which type of heart disease is often diagnosed and treated using angiocardiography? 
a) Congenital heart defects 
b) Pneumonia 
c) Stroke 
d) Diabetes 
e) Asthma 
Correct Answer: a) Congenital heart defects 
19. What is the primary purpose of using a pressure recording device during 
angiocardiography? 
a) To measure blood pressure within the heart chambers   b) To guide catheter placement 
c) To monitor heart rhythm    d) To administer anesthesia    e) To visualize blood vessels 
Correct Answer: a) To measure blood pressure within the heart chambers 
20. What is the role of the blood oxygen analyzer during angiocardiography? 
a) To measure the oxygen content of the blood 
b) To monitor heart rhythm 
c) To guide catheter placement 
d) To administer anesthesia 
e) To visualize blood vessels 
Correct Answer: a) To measure the oxygen content of the blood 
21. Which of the following is NOT a typical sign or symptom of a reaction to contrast media 
used in angiocardiography? 
a) Headache 
b) Fever 
c) Rash 
d) Dizziness 
e) Chest pain 
Correct Answer: e) Chest pain 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lec.2 
30 MCQ questions about coronary arteriography and cardiac 
CT scans, with five options and correct answers indicated: 
Questions: 
 1-Which of the following is a primary indication for coronary arteriography? 
   a) Screening for heart disease in asymptomatic individuals 
   b) Evaluation of congenital heart lesions 
   c) Assessment of lung function 
   d) Diagnosis of peripheral artery disease 
   e) Evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm 
 2- Which type of catheter is commonly used in coronary arteriography? 
   a) Swan-Ganz catheter 
   b) Foley catheter 
   c) Judkins or Amplatz catheter 
   d) Central venous catheter 
   e) PICC line 
 3-What is the typical contrast medium used in coronary arteriography? 
   a) Barium sulfate 
   b) Gadolinium 
   c) Low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM) 
   d) Air 
   e) Iodine-131 
 4-Which is a potential complication of coronary arteriography? 
   a) Pneumothorax   b) Arrhythmias   c) Pulmonary embolism   d) Stroke   e) Allergic reaction 
to latex 
 5-Which approach is more commonly associated with access site complications in coronary 
arteriography? 
   a) Radial approach 
   b) Femoral approach 
   c) Brachial approach 
   d) Jugular approach 
   e) Subclavian approach 
 6-Which of the following is a primary indication for a cardiac CT scan? 
   a) Evaluation of valvular heart disease 
   b) Diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) 
   c) Assessment of brain function 
   d) Imaging of the spinal cord 
   e) Evaluation of liver disease 
7- Which of the following is a contraindication for a cardiac CT scan? 
   a) Hypertension 
   b) Allergy to iodinated contrast 
   c) Diabetes mellitus 
   d) Hyperlipidemia 
   e) Smoking 
 8- What is the preferred vein for IV cannulation in cardiac CT angiography? 
   a) Left antecubital vein 
   b) Right antecubital vein 
   c) Femoral vein 
   d) Jugular vein 
   e) Subclavian vein 
 
 9-What is the target heart rate for optimal cardiac CT angiography? 
   a) 80-90 bpm 
   b) 70-80 bpm 
   c) 55-60 bpm 
   d) 90-100 bpm 
   e) 40-50 bpm 
 10-Which medication is commonly used to lower heart rate before a cardiac CT scan? 
   a) Aspirin 
   b) Metoprolol 
   c) Warfarin 
   d) Nitroglycerin 
   e) Heparin 
 11-What is the purpose of calcium scoring in cardiac CT? 
   a) To assess valvular calcification 
   b) To assess coronary artery calcifications 
   c) To evaluate lung nodules 
   d) To measure cardiac output 
   e) To assess myocardial perfusion 
 12-Which type of cardiac CT protocol is used for patients with stable sinus rhythm and a 
heart rate ≤ 60 bpm? 
   a) Retrospective ECG-gated CTA 
   b) Prospective ECG-gated CTA 
   c) Dual-energy CTA 
   d) Perfusion CT 
   e) Myocardial CT 
 
 13- Which cardiac CT protocol delivers a higher radiation dose? 
   a) Prospective ECG-gated CTA 
   b) Retrospective ECG-gated CTA 
   c) Calcium scoring CT 
   d) Non-gated CT 
   e) All are equal 
 14- What is the typical contrast injection rate for cardiac CT angiography? 
   a) 1-2 mL/sec 
   b) 4-5 mL/sec 
   c) 10-12 mL/sec 
   d) 0.5 mL/sec 
   e) 2-3 mL/sec 
 15-Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of cardiac CT angiography? 
   a) Contrast-induced nephropathy 
   b) Allergic reaction 
   c) Radiation exposure 
   d) Pneumothorax 
   e) Hematoma at the injection site 
 16-Which imaging modality is considered the "gold standard" for visualizing coronary 
arteries? 
   a) Cardiac CT Angiography (CTA) 
   b) Coronary Arteriography 
   c) Echocardiography 
   d) MRI of the heart 
   e) PET scan 
 
 17-Wh

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