are these questions grammatically, correct? if not, could you correct them for me any grammar mistakes .


Roshna Emin, Master's degree in Political Science Journalism and Communication Sciences, PhD Student at University of Leipzig

1.	As university professor How would you define fake news? 

Fake News is created by false news and information purposely directed to manipulate public opinion to disseminate and mislead, mixing false information and misleading truth information to distorted information.

2.	Is there study program about fake news in Kurdistan region universities to be studied? 

Honestly there is no special department of Fake News, but there is no special subject in the media, only teachers talk about it in daily lectures that it is not academically, because in Kurdistan there are no specialists in Fake News, and there are no research and special diploma in universities that are special By Fake News, there are only some research, writing and books that are just the beginning.


3.	What is the difference between fake news, disinformation and propaganda?

They are all three different, Fake News includes all kinds of fake information and false news in all forms, disinformation is being spread through news and information through media agencies, prophecy is something that may be true and may not be true more than mouth to mouth. Not in the media or social media, but all three have one objective which is to dismiss and disrupt public opinion with false information.

4.	How can we avoid or spread fake news on social media? 
Community awareness, people and recipients, courses and trainings, social media monitoring through organized and special centers, training announced by journalists and employees, education as part of the system of universities and institutions, in Kurdistan Region.



5.	Does media literacy or education literacy have impact on journalists or people about fake news on social media? 

Yes of course 100 percent, because it creates public awareness that we don't have in Kurdistan Region and I support this idea and I work n it with other my colleagues that it should be part of education, education and equality journalists supported by their institutions so that they can participate in global training courses on false news and Fake News.


6.	What strategies can journalists do to avoid and handle fake news? 


There are three ways, first: acceleration of information, returning to the main source of information, self-intelligence, and intelligence of the journalist due to experience and detail can lead to avoid Fake News.



7.	Do you think that fact-checking will have impact of fake news by journalist?

fact-checking is the main and crucial reason and most important step journalists do during their jobs because it makes no false information to them, I often tell my students to become future journalists please be careful and don't rush to spread fake news, because it's losing trust in people and people don't believe

8.	How many researches have been done about fake news at your university while there are media departments?
Actually, I did not do any research, most of my fellow teachers didn't know, because the assignment is new and still unnecessary on important subjects in the education system, but I am aware that some simple researches were done in Kurdistan Region about that subject and they were not supporting but specialized on specific issues like Corona Virus or War. Or other subjects mean not special to the general Fake News and its effects.




9.	Do you think that fake news on social media will be a reason that people avoid reading news on websites?

Yes very much it's almost becoming a reason why people don't believe real news especially in Kurdistan society, because most of the society have strong social media and contrary to each other that news is not real and contrary there are for example when people see fake news especially videos and pictures Easy to believe the news, especially those over 30s because they don't believe photos and videos edited and now they believe whatever they see.
 
10.	How can journalism and media industries adapt to the challenges posed by fake news in the digital age? 


Training, courses, language learning, and media students should read Fake News and care in the center of education as part of scientific studies, such as courses and practical training, they will cooperate with Fake News and develop, as well as its abilities. To make progress especially in the digital era, of course it takes time, because our human capabilities are not good in it.


11.	Do you think that fake news has raised on social media platforms over the past 15 years why?

Yes it is very much up and going on, unfortunately political, religious, economic issues are the main reason for fake news in Kurdistan Region, development and also outside Kurdistan as part of political and economic campaign against Kurdistan region are being directed by social media and people are being ignored, so daily there are narrative news and it continues In my growth, abundance and happiness, I have faced many times fake news, because of the abundance and strength of Fake News in the Kurdistan Region Social Media.

 
12.	Do you believe that fake news would be the formation of algorithms and echo chamber? 


Yes like I said in Kurdistan social relations are very strong, when some people say fake news they transfer it to other people and at the end people decide the same information whether the information is true or not, so in countries social relations are strong more fake news influencers Existence and algorithms and eco chamber are stronger especially in Sharqi communities

 
13.	Do you believe that Kurdistan region social media needs a specific law or rules by the government of parliament?

Yes, a proper law that does not threaten the freedom of media and declared by law can be controlled and prevented, just like in some countries legally ban several subjects, for example in Germany any news about the nazi is punished, but in Iraq Kurdistan is clearly fake. News is supporting the former regime of Iraq Saddam Hussein. Although it is forbidden by law, it cannot be prevented. Since there is no law for Fake News, in my opinion there is a law to deal with Fake News.



14.	Do you think fake news is published on Kurdistan social media for the main purpose or for political purposes? 
Of course, most of them have purpose and objectives, because Fake News will never be published without a reason, Kurdistan Region has faced the same as other countries, and it will be published with Fake News for special purpose.


15.	When did this phenomenon first emerge in the Kurdistan region?"


The discrimination previously existed in Kurdistan during the civil war after 1970 under the name of propaganda because media wasn't as powerful as it is now, but after the internet and social media after the 19054 the context has continued to grow and widen as we see, now Fake News It became part of the daily news.