Essay context:
Anahita Ltd, a long-established manufacturer of household appliances has over the past one hundred years delivered a range of innovative appliances that have transformed people’s lives. These innovations have been traditionally developed using a dedicated internal research and development department who has had sole responsibility for identifying and developing new innovative appliances for consumer households. However, since three years, Anahita Ltd is facing a big problem, and it is losing market share continuously as the rate of innovation is far lower than the ones launched by their competitors. Examples of recent new products launched by competitors are connected kitchen appliances, and Smart televisions with ever increasing picture quality. The design of new products launched by Anahita Ltd is only functional and the company has lagged behind in terms of innovation in the last few years.
Anahita Ltd has attempted to implement open innovation in an ad-hoc way but without much success for the last two years. The level of resistance to open innovation by internal Research and Development (R&D) department is high. The company has strong internal R&D capabilities and it has a high stock of patents that have not been exploited. The R&D department is mainly responsible for the development of both incremental and radical innovations. The company has manufacturing facilities in both Europe and China. The top management still perceives open innovation as an opportunity for the company. You have been appointed as a consultant to assist the top management to design the open innovation strategy at both firm and project levels and the design strategy.


Key requirements: You are expected to show breadth and depth of reading from the reading lists that are provided at the end of each lecture. The majority of references should be drawn from the reading lists to show clear engagement with the reading materials. It is important that you should not plagiarize any content but paraphrase suitable and give in text citations.

References:
Chesbrough, H. W. 2003. The Era of Open Innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(3): 35-41.
Chesbrough, H. 2003.Open Innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting  from technology: Boston: Harvard Business School Press 
Rothwell, R. 1994. Towards the Fifth-generation Innovation Process. International Marketing Review,  11(1): 7.
Huston, L. and Sakkab, N. 2006. Connect and develop. Harvard Business Review, 84(3): 58-66.
Laursen, K. and Salter, A. 2006. Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation  performance among U.K. 
manufacturing firms. Strategic Management Journal, 27(2)
Mollick, E. (2014) The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Venturing,. 29, 1-16. 
Petersen, K. J., Handfield, R. B. and Ragatz, G. L. 2005. Supplier integration into new product  development: coordinating 
product, process and supply chain design. Journal of Operations  Management, 23(3-4): 371-388.
Trott, P. and Hartmann, D. A. P. 2009. Why open innovation is old wine in new bottles. International  Journal of Innovation Management, 13(4): 715-736.
Rothwell, R. 1994. Towards the Fifth-generation Innovation Process. International  Marketing Review, 11(1): 7.

Ciravegna, L. and Maielli, G. 2011. Outsourcing of new product development and the opening of innovation in mature industries: a longitudinal study of Fiat during crisis and recovery. International Journal of Innovation Management, 15(1): 69-93.
Cohen, W. M. and Levinthal, D. A. 1990. Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1): 128-152.
Garriga, Helena; von Krogh, Georg; Spaeth, Sebastian (2013). How constraints and knowledge impact open innovation.  Strategic Management Journal34(9): 1134-1144.
Laursen, K. and Salter, A. 2006. Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among U.K. manufacturing firms. Strategic Management Journal, 27(2): 131-150.
Leiponen, A. and Helfat, C. E. 2009. Innovation objectives, knowledge sources, and the benefits of breadth. Strategic Management Journal, 31(2): 224-236.
Alexis and Salter  (2013) CUI BONO? THE SELECTIVE REVEALING OF  KNOWLEDGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY..
Academy of Management Review. Apr2013, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p270-291. 22p
Faems, D., Van Looy, B. and Debackere, K. 2005. InterorganizationalCollaboration and Innovation: Toward a Portfolio Approach. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 22(3): 238-250.
Grimpe, C. and Kaiser, U. 2010. Balancing Internal and External Knowledge Acquisition: The Gains and Pains from R&D Outsourcing C. Grimpeand U. Kaiser R&D Outsourcing. Journal of Management Studies, 47(8): 1483-1509.

Chesbrough, Henry, and Sabine Brunswicker 2013Managing open innovation in large firms. Stuttgart: Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering.

El Maalouf, N. and Bahemia, H., 2022. The implementation of inbound open innovation at the firm level: A dynamic capability perspective.Technovation, p.102659.

Mortara, Letizia, and Tim Minshall. "How do large multinational companies implement open innovation?."Technovation31.10-11 (2011): 586-597.

Salge, T., Farchi, T., Barrett, M., Michael, I., Dopson, S., 2013. When does search openness really matter? A contingency study of health-care innovation projects. J. Prod. Innov. Manag. 30 (4), 659–676.

Du, J., Leten, B., Vanhaverbeke, W., 2014. Managing open innovation projects with science-based and market-based partners. Res. Policy 43, 828–840.

Podmetina, Daria, et al. 2018Developing a competency model for open innovation. Management Decision.

Bahemia, H., Sillince, J., & Vanhaverbeke, W. (2018). The timing of openness in a radical innovation project, a temporal and loose coupling perspective. Research Policy, 47(10), 2066-2076.

Bahemia H, RoehrichJ.Governing Open Innovation projects: the relationship between the use of trust and legal bonds.Industrial Marketing Management2023. In Press.

Amara, N., Landry, R. j. and Traor, N. 2008. Managing the protection of innovations in knowledge-intensive business services. Research Policy, 37(9): 1530-1547.
Arundel, A. 2001. The relative effectiveness of patents and secrecy for appropriation. Research Policy, 30(4): 611.
Levin et al., R. C. L., A.K. Klevorick, R.R. Nelson and S.G. Winter. 1987a. Appropriating the returns from industrial research and development. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3, pp. 783–831.

http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-07/samsung-delays-apple-s-german-design-lawsuits-with-trip-to-spain
http://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/u-agency-rejects-apple-pinch-123648541.html

After going through all this thoroughly could you please answer this question:
a) With the support of the theories of open innovation, how could  the resistance of the internal R&D department be overcome to implement inbound open innovation at  the firm level? Write a paragraph of about 200-300 words with in-text citations using only relevant ones from the references provided with good amount of perplexity and burstiness in an academic essay style. Skip introduction and conclusion.