Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            
v Describe importance of body water  
v Define normal values of electrolytes in body  
v  Describe importance of each body electrolyte  
v Distinguish different types of solutions and its importance 
v Define homeostasis. 
v Illustrate basic component of homeostatic control system. 
v Distinguish different types of organelles  
v Illustrate different functions of each organelles  
 
Objectives  
Chapter1:general physiology  
 
8 
 
 
 
Definition of Physiology ; 
From Anctient greek (physis) meaning "nature, origin", and - (-logia), 
meaning "study of" is the scientific study of the normal function in living 
systems. A sub-discipline of biology, 
Claude Bernard,      the father of modern physiology, with his pupils 
 
Cell: The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of living 
organisms. 
Tissue: A tissue is a group of similar cells 
Organ: An organ is a structure consisting of a group of tissues in, heart, 
brain, etc…). 
System: A system is a group of organs that act togethe. cardiovascular 
system stem  
Human body: A living organism is the most complex level of 
organization. It consists of all the systems. 
Composition of the human body 
9 
 
A. Water: comprise 60% of  body weight ( BW). 
B.   Others:  comprise 40% of BW which include 
1. Protein: 18%  of BW 
2. Fats: 15% of BW 
3. Electrolytes: 7% of BW 
  Body fluid compartment 
Normal adult young male weighing 70 kg has 60% of his body 
weight water distributed in two major compartments. 
 
Site 
% of 
body 
weight 
represent 
liters 
Intracellular fluid( 
ICF) 
Inside cells 
40% of 
body 
weight 
2/3 body 
water 
28 
Extracellular fluid ( 
ECF 
• Interstitial fluid 
(ISF) 
•  
• Intravascular 
fluid (IVF) 
Outside cells called 
internal environment 
20% 
of body 
weight 
1/3 of 
body 
water 
14 
In-between cells called 
tissue fluid or extra 
vascular fluid 
15% 
of  
BW   
3/4 ECF 
10.5 
 
 
Inside vascular system 
5% of 
BW 
1/4 ECF 
3.5 
10 
 
 
 
 
 
Figure(1) body fluid compartments and distribution. 
 
 
Plasma =  3.5 L 
Plasma = ¼  of ECF 
ECF = 3.5   × 4= 14
∴ISF = 3.5× 3 = 10.5 
TBW = 14 × 3 = 42 L
11 
 
Body water 
Normal value of body water : total body water (TBW)= 60% of 
Body Weight 
           Physiological variation of  TBW: 
1. Age: TBW is higher in infant and young children (about 70% ) 
than adult due to active protoplasm and decrease progressively. 
                Is lesser in old age (about 52%) so they are seriously affected by              
dehydration 
2. Sex:  TBW is lesser in female  (about 50% ) than adult due to high 
fat content in their bodies 
3.  Body weight: TBW is lesser in obese  
Fatty tissue contain less water by about 10% . Your brain and 
kidneys have the highest proportions of water, which composes 80–85 
percent of their masses. In contrast, teeth have the lowest proportion of 
water, at 8–10 percent  
             Importance of body water : 
1. Water constitutes not less than 40% of TBWof any living organism. 
2.  Act as a solvent:  

            Quiz: