You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


/*
 * Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Dong Han
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the names of the authors or the names of any contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <hs_uv.h>

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// stream
//
// We reuse buffer_size_table as the result table, i.e. after haskell threads
// are unblocked, they should peek result(length, errcode..) from buffer_size_table

// This callback simply copy buffer from buffer table and buffer size table
void hs_alloc_cb(uv_handle_t* handle, size_t suggested_size, uv_buf_t* buf){
    HsInt slot = (HsInt)handle->data;
    hs_loop_data* loop_data = handle->loop->data;
    buf->base = loop_data->buffer_table[slot];      // fetch buffer_table from buffer_table table
    buf->len = loop_data->buffer_size_table[slot];  // we ignore suggested_size completely
}

// We only do single read per uv_run with uv_read_stop
void hs_read_cb (uv_stream_t* stream, ssize_t nread, const uv_buf_t* buf){
    HsInt slot = (HsInt)stream->data;
    hs_loop_data* loop_data = stream->loop->data;
    if (nread != 0) {
        loop_data->buffer_size_table[slot] = nread;
        loop_data->event_queue[loop_data->event_counter] = slot; // push the slot to event queue
        loop_data->event_counter += 1;
        uv_read_stop(stream);
    }
}

int hs_uv_read_start(uv_stream_t* stream){
    return uv_read_start(stream, hs_alloc_cb, hs_read_cb);
}

void hs_write_cb(uv_write_t* req, int status){
    HsInt slot = (HsInt)req->data;
    uv_loop_t* loop = req->handle->loop;
    hs_loop_data* loop_data = loop->data;
    loop_data->buffer_size_table[slot] = (HsInt)status;      // 0 in case of success, < 0 otherwise.
    loop_data->event_queue[loop_data->event_counter] = slot;   // push the slot to event queue
    loop_data->event_counter += 1;
    free_slot(loop_data, slot);  // free the uv_req_t
}

HsInt hs_uv_write(uv_stream_t* handle, char* buf, HsInt buf_siz){
    uv_loop_t* loop = handle->loop;
    hs_loop_data* loop_data = loop->data;
    HsInt slot = alloc_slot(loop_data);
    if (slot < 0) return UV_ENOMEM;
    uv_write_t* req = 
        (uv_write_t*)fetch_uv_struct(loop_data, slot);
    req->data = (void*)slot;

    // on windows this struct is captured by WSASend
    // on unix this struct is copied by libuv's uv_write
    // so it's safe to allocate it on stack
    uv_buf_t buf_t = { .base = buf, .len = (size_t)buf_siz };
    
    int r = uv_write(req, handle, &buf_t, 1, hs_write_cb); // we never use writev: we do our own
                                                           // user-space buffering in haskell.
    if (r < 0) {
        free_slot(loop_data, slot);  // free the uv_req_t, the callback won't fired
        return (HsInt)r;
    } else return slot;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// tcp

/* on windows uv_tcp_open doesn't work propery for sockets that are not
 * connected or accepted by libuv because the lack of some state initialization,
 * so we do it by manually set those flags
 *
 * referenes:   https://github.com/libuv/libuv/issues/397
 *              https://github.com/libuv/libuv/pull/1150
 */
#if defined(_WIN32)
void hs_uv_connection_init(uv_stream_t* handle){
  handle->flags |= UV_HANDLE_CONNECTION;
  handle->stream.conn.write_reqs_pending = 0;
  (&handle->read_req)->type = UV_READ;                                                        \
  (&handle->read_req)->u.io.overlapped.Internal = 0;  /* SET_REQ_SUCCESS() */ 
  handle->read_req.event_handle = NULL;
  handle->read_req.wait_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
  handle->read_req.data = handle;
  handle->stream.conn.shutdown_req = NULL;
}

int hs_uv_tcp_open(uv_tcp_t* handle, int32_t sock) {
  int r = uv_tcp_open(handle, (uv_os_sock_t)sock);
  if (r == 0) {
    hs_uv_connection_init((uv_stream_t*)handle);
    handle->flags |= UV_HANDLE_BOUND | UV_HANDLE_READABLE | UV_HANDLE_WRITABLE;
  }
  return r;
}
#else
int hs_uv_tcp_open(uv_tcp_t* handle, int32_t sock) {
  return uv_tcp_open(handle, (uv_os_sock_t)sock);
}
#endif

void hs_connect_cb(uv_connect_t* req, int status){
    HsInt slot = (HsInt)req->data;
    uv_loop_t* loop = req->handle->loop;
    hs_loop_data* loop_data = loop->data;  // uv_connect_t has handle field
    loop_data->buffer_size_table[slot] = status;             // 0 in case of success, < 0 otherwise.
    loop_data->event_queue[loop_data->event_counter] = slot; // push the slot to event queue
    loop_data->event_counter += 1;
    free_slot(loop_data, slot);  // free the uv_req_t
}

HsInt hs_uv_tcp_connect(uv_tcp_t* handle, const struct sockaddr* addr){
    uv_loop_t* loop = handle->loop;
    hs_loop_data* loop_data = loop->data;
    HsInt slot = alloc_slot(loop_data);
    if (slot < 0) return UV_ENOMEM;
    uv_connect_t* req = 
        (uv_connect_t*)fetch_uv_struct(loop_data, slot);
    req->data = (void*)slot;
    int r = uv_tcp_connect(req, handle, addr, hs_connect_cb);
    if (r < 0) {
        free_slot(loop_data, slot);  // free the uv_req_t, the callback won't fired
        return r;
    } else return slot;
}

// When libuv listen's callback is called, client is actually already accepted, 
// so our customized accept function just return the fd directly, Following code
// doesn't support IPC for now.
//
// TODO research on accepting fds sent by IPC pipes.
//
#if defined(_WIN32)
int32_t hs_uv_tcp_accept(uv_tcp_t* server) {
  int32_t fd = -1;

  uv_tcp_accept_t* req = server->tcp.serv.pending_accepts;

  if (!req) {
    /* No valid connections found, so we error out. */
    return WSAEWOULDBLOCK;
  }

  if (req->accept_socket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
    return WSAENOTCONN;
  }

  fd = (int32_t)req->accept_socket;

  /* Prepare the req to pick up a new connection */

  server->tcp.serv.pending_accepts = req->next_pending;
  req->next_pending = NULL;
  req->accept_socket = INVALID_SOCKET;

  if (!(server->flags & UV__HANDLE_CLOSING)) {
    /* Check if we're in a middle of changing the number of pending accepts. */
    if (!(server->flags & UV_HANDLE_TCP_ACCEPT_STATE_CHANGING)) {
      uv_tcp_queue_accept(server, req);
    } else {
      /* We better be switching to a single pending accept. */
      assert(server->flags & UV_HANDLE_TCP_SINGLE_ACCEPT);
      server->tcp.serv.processed_accepts++;
      if (server->tcp.serv.processed_accepts >= uv_simultaneous_server_accepts) {
        server->tcp.serv.processed_accepts = 0;
        /*
         * All previously queued accept requests are now processed.
         * We now switch to queueing just a single accept.
         */
        uv_tcp_queue_accept(server, &server->tcp.serv.accept_reqs[0]);
        server->flags &= ~UV_HANDLE_TCP_ACCEPT_STATE_CHANGING;
        server->flags |= UV_HANDLE_TCP_SINGLE_ACCEPT;
      }
    }
  }
  return fd;
}
int32_t hs_uv_pipe_accept(uv_pipe_t* server) {
    int32_t fd = -1;

    uv_loop_t* loop = server->loop;
    uv_pipe_accept_t* req;
    req = server->pipe.serv.pending_accepts;
    if (!req) {
      /* No valid connections found, so we error out. */
      return WSAEWOULDBLOCK;
    }

    fd = (int32_t)req->pipeHandle;

    /* Prepare the req to pick up a new connection */
    server->pipe.serv.pending_accepts = req->next_pending;
    req->next_pending = NULL;
    req->pipeHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    if (!(server->flags & UV__HANDLE_CLOSING)) {
        uv_pipe_queue_accept(loop, server, req, FALSE);
    }
    return fd;
}
int32_t hs_uv_accept(uv_stream_t* server) {
    int32_t fd;
    switch (server->type) {
        case UV_TCP:
            fd = hs_uv_tcp_accept((uv_tcp_t*)server);
            break;
        case UV_NAMED_PIPE:
            fd = hs_uv_pipe_accept((uv_pipe_t*)server);
            break;
        default:
            assert(0);
    }
    return fd;
}
#else
int32_t hs_uv_accept(uv_stream_t* server) {
    int32_t fd = (int32_t)server->accepted_fd;
    server->accepted_fd = -1;
    return fd;
}
#endif

void hs_listen_cb(uv_stream_t* server, int status){
    HsInt slot = (HsInt)server->data;
    hs_loop_data* loop_data = server->loop->data;

    // fetch accept buffer from buffer_table table
    int32_t* accept_buf = (int32_t*)loop_data->buffer_table[slot];     
    HsInt accepted_number = loop_data->buffer_size_table[slot];

    if (status == 0) {
        if (accepted_number < ACCEPT_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) {
            accept_buf[accepted_number] = hs_uv_accept(server);       
            loop_data->buffer_size_table[slot] = accepted_number + 1;
        } else {
#if defined(_WIN32)
            // we have no way to deal with this situation on windows, since 
            // we can't stop accepting after request has been inserted
            // but this should not happen on windows anyway,
            // since on windows simultaneous_accepts is small, e.g. pending accept
            // requests' number is small.
            // It must takes many uv_run without copying accept buffer on haskell side
            // which is very unlikely to happen.
            closesocket(hs_uv_accept(server)); 
#else
            // on unix, we can stop accepting using uv__io_stop, this is
            // important because libuv will loop accepting until EAGAIN/EWOULDBLOCK,
            // If we return to accept thread too slow in haskell side, the 
            // accept buffer may not be able to hold all the clients queued in backlog.
            // And this is very likely to happen under high load. Thus we
            // must stop accepting when the buffer is full.
            //
            // Limit this number may also be good for stop a non-block uv_run from
            // running too long, which will affect haskell's GC.
            //
            // do last accept without clearing server->accepted_fd
            // libuv will take this as a no accepting, thus call uv__io_stop for us.
            accept_buf[accepted_number] = hs_uv_accept(server);       
            // set back accepted_fd so that libuv break from accept loop
            // upon next resuming, we clear this accepted_fd with -1 and call uv__io_start
            server->accepted_fd = accept_buf[accepted_number];
            loop_data->buffer_size_table[slot] = accepted_number + 1;
#endif
        }
    } else {
        accept_buf[accepted_number] = (int32_t)status;
        loop_data->buffer_size_table[slot] = accepted_number + 1;
    }

}

int hs_uv_listen(uv_stream_t* stream, int backlog){
    return uv_listen(stream, backlog, hs_listen_cb);
}

// on windows we don't need to do anything, since we didn't and can't stopped. 
void hs_uv_listen_resume(uv_stream_t* server){
#if !defined(_WIN32)
    server->accepted_fd = -1;
    uv__io_start(server->loop, &server->io_watcher, POLLIN);
#endif
}

// Check if the socket's accept buffer is still filled, if so, unlock the accept thread
//
void hs_accept_check_cb(uv_check_t* check){
    uv_stream_t* server=(uv_stream_t*)check->data;
    HsInt slot = (HsInt)server->data;
    hs_loop_data* loop_data = server->loop->data;

    if (loop_data->buffer_size_table[slot] > 0){
        loop_data->event_queue[loop_data->event_counter] = slot; // push the slot to event queue
        loop_data->event_counter += 1;
    }
}

// It's hard to arrange accepting notification without check handler, we can't
// do it in listen's callback, since it'll be called multiple times during uv_run.
uv_check_t* hs_uv_accept_check_alloc(uv_stream_t* server){
    uv_check_t* check = malloc(sizeof(uv_check_t));
    if (check == NULL) return NULL;
    check->data = (void*)server;    // we link server to check's data field
    return check;
}

int hs_uv_accept_check_init(uv_check_t* check){
    uv_stream_t* server = check->data;
    int r = uv_check_init(server->loop, check);
    if (r < 0) return r;
    return uv_check_start(check, hs_accept_check_cb);
}

void hs_uv_accept_check_close(uv_check_t* check){
    uv_close((uv_handle_t*)check, (uv_close_cb)free);
}

int hs_set_socket_reuse(uv_stream_t* server) {
#if (SO_REUSEPORT_LOAD_BALANCE == 1)
    int yes = 1;
    if (setsockopt(server->io_watcher.fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &yes, sizeof(yes)))
        return uv_translate_sys_error(errno);
    return 0;
#else
    return 0;
#endif
}