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Introduction {#sec1} ============ Carbapenemase-producing *Enterobacteriaceae* (CPE) were detected about 20 years ago in the United States and are currently a global epidemic [@bib1]. The infections caused by these multidrug-resistant microorganisms have high rates of morbidity and close to 50% mortality, mostly due to the few therapeutic options available, such as tigecycline, polymyxins, fosfomycin and aminoglycosides [@bib2], [@bib3]. More than 2000 genetic variants of carbapenemases have been described. The predominant enzymes are as follows: *Klebsiella pneumoniae* carbapenemase (KPC; serin carbapenemase, Ambler group A), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM; metallo-β-lactamase, Ambler group B) and OXA-48 (oxacillinase, Ambler group D). KPC carbapenemase predominates in endemic countries such as Greece, Italy and Israel, with incidences exceeding 30% [@bib4], while Turkey and other Mediterranean countries report the OXA-48 variant as predominant [@bib5]. NDM carbapenemase predominates in countries such as India, where it has a prevalence of 50% [@bib6]. Regarding Latin America, KPC carbapenemase is considered endemic in some countries such as Colombia, Argentina and Brazil, while Chile only reports outbreaks caused by this microorganism. NDM variant predominates in countries such as Guatemala. However, the latter variant and OXA-48 carbapenemase are usually reported with less frequency in Latin America [@bib7]. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases recommend early detection to prevent the spread of CPE [@bib8], [@bib9], [@bib10]. The early identification of these microorganisms is frequently carried out through rectal swab cultures. Given the fact that sensitive and specific methodologies with good turnaround times are required, several investigators have supported the use of chromogenic agars for identification [@bib10]. The sensitivity of these agars varies according to the type of carbapenemase studied and the brand. The CDC recommends the use of Landman\'s protocol for the detection of intestinal colonization of carbapenemase-producing *Enterobacteriaceae* [@bib11]. The CHROMagar mSuperCARBA agar (CHROMagar) was marketed in 2016 as an appropriate alternative for the detection of KPC, NDM and OXA-48 like carbapenemases in *Enterobacteriaceae.* This chromogenic agar is based on a previous culture medium designed by Nordmann et al. in 2012 [@bib32], which had shown the best performance for CPE detection in many studies [@bib10], [@bib12], [@bib13]. However, to date, there is little scientific literature demonstrating its usefulness in surveillance cultures with patient samples. Our objective was to compare the performance of CHROMagar mSuperCARBA agar with the method recommended by the CDC for detection of intestinal colonization by carbapenemase-producing *Enterobacteriaceae.* Materials and methods {#sec2} ===================== We carried out a prospective and multicentre study from February to April 2016. We included seven adult intensive care units from Guayaquil (Ecuador). Informed consent was obtained from each patient or their relatives for the sampling. Patient selection {#sec2.1} ----------------- Perineal swabs were collected weekly in each patient who had more than 48 hours of hospitalization. Microbiologic surveillance cultures {#sec2.2} ----------------------------------- Amies media was used to transport samples to the laboratories. All the swabs were processed by the CDC method as previously described [@bib11]. The samples were suspended in 5 mL of trypticase soy broth (Oxoid),