Title: Is there a place for zoos in a civilised society?
Introduction
Zoological facility have a long history in the world with the first collection of exotic animals dating back to the times of the Ancient Egyptians. While once used for mere entertainment and a symbol of prestige and power, the role of zoos has shifted to more significant goals in conservation, education, and research.
However, with the changing times and new understanding of animal rights and welfare, zoos have come under increasing scrutiny. While some argue that zoos play an essential role in protecting endangered species and educating further generations on animal welfare, others claim that they pose the risk of animal exploitation and violation of ethics.
Ultimately, the debate over the place for zoos in modern society is a complex one, with no easy answers. There are valid arguments to be made on both sides of the issue.
Animal Welfare
One of the main criticisms about zoos is the concerns for animal welfare. Critics argue that human entertainment is prioritised at the expense of animal welfare, subjecting animals to artificial and restricted environments that can lead to physical and psychological distress. Stereotypic behaviour, where animals engage in repetitive and aimless activities such as pacing, circling and head-bobbing, raise concerns about the zoo animals quality of life and enrichment (Mason et al, 2007).
Although modern zoos have made strides in improving enclosures and offer more enrichment to recreate animals’ natural environments, many argue that these efforts are inadequate compared to freedom and complexity of life in the wild. The ethical dilemma of keeping animals in captivity for the benefit of humans remains a significant challenge for advocates of zoos.
Education
Zoos provide a unique opportunity for visitors to observe animals up close, promoting a connection to nature that might otherwise be missing in urban settings. This first-hand experience is used to educate individuals about wildlife, the importance of conservation efforts and adopt more sustainable lifestyles.

Furthermore, many zoos offer educational programs and workshops aimed at increasing awareness about environmental issues. Educational initiatives can play a critical role in shaping public attitudes towards conservation and sustainability. However, detractors argue that these educational benefits do not justify the ethical implications of confining animals for the sake of human entertainment and that technology, such as virtual reality, could offer alternative means of education without compromising animal welfare.
Conservation and Research
A main argument in favour for zoos is their contribution to the conservation of endangered species. In a world where natural habitats are increasingly threatened by urbanisation, pollution, and climate change, zoos serve as a sanctuary for species on the verge of extinction (WWF, 2020). Many zoos participate in breeding programs designed to bolster populations of endangered animals, with some even reintroducing these animals into the wild. For instance, the Arabian oryx, once extinct in the wild, has been successfully reintroduced to its natural habitat thanks to zoo-based breeding programs (Smith, 2022). 

Zoos also play a role in preserving genetic diversity, acting as genetic reservoirs that ensure the survival of species facing habitat destruction. Modern zoos are equipped with sophisticated breeding technologies that support genetic management, safeguarding against the loss of biodiversity. However, critics question whether zoos should prioritize the welfare of individual animals over collective conservation strategies that focus on habitat preservation.
Zoos also contribute to scientific research by offering insights into animal behaviour, health, and genetics. Controlled environments allow researchers to study aspects of animal life that might be difficult to observe in the wild, leading to advances in veterinary medicine and understanding of species’ needs. This research can inform conservation strategies and improve animal care both in captivity and in the wild.

Nonetheless, the relevance and applicability of research conducted in zoos are points of contention. Critics argue that findings from captive animals may not always translate to wild populations due to differences in behaviours and conditions. Furthermore, they suggest that funding allocated to zoo research could be better spent on in-situ conservation projects that directly address habitat loss and other threats faced by animals in their natural environments.
Alternatives to Traditional Zoos
Given these concerns, numerous alternatives to traditional zoos have emerged. Wildlife sanctuaries and conservation parks focus on providing spacious, naturalistic environments where animals can roam freely while still being cared for and protected from poachers. These alternatives emphasise rehabilitation, preservation, and non-invasive observation, prioritising the well-being of animals over entertainment.

In addition to these alternatives, virtual reality technology is poised to transform the way people experience wildlife. Virtual experiences can replicate the wonder of seeing animals in their natural habitats without the need for confinement, potentially offering educational and immersive alternatives to traditional zoo visits.
Conclusion
The debate for whether there is a place for zoos in a civilised society will never have a straightforward answer. Undoubtedly, zoos contribute to educating, research, conservation, they also raise ethical concerns regarding animal welfare and the commodification of wildlife. The future of zoos likely depends on their ability to evolve and adapt to contemporary ethical standards, integrating technology and alternative models of wildlife preservation.