Rewrite the methodology section to be around 200 words in the style of the rest of the text.To what extent does Robert Eggers use Early Modern English from the 1630s in his film 'The VVitch' to achieve authenticity? What are the repercussions of this for language revitalisation?
Introduction
The VVitch (2015) is a horror film directed by Robert Eggers that depicts the life of a Puritan family in New England in the 1630s. The film is notable for its use of Early Modern English (EME) from the same period, which was reconstructed by Eggers based on historical sources such as diaries, court records, and witchcraft pamphlets (Eggers, 2016)1. The use of EME in The VVitch is an example of linguistic authenticity, which refers to the degree to which a language or a variety of a language matches the expectations and norms of a specific context or audience (Coupland, 2007)2. This essay will examine the extent to which Eggers achieves linguistic authenticity in his film and what are the implications of this for language revitalisation. Language revitalisation is the process of reversing the decline or loss of a language and increasing its use and prestige among its speakers and society (Fishman, 1991)3. 
This empirical investigation will first review the literature on linguistic authenticity and language revitalisation, focusing on the factors that influence these phenomena and the challenges they face. Then, it will analyse the linguistic features of EME in The VVitch and compare them with contemporary English and other historical varieties. Finally, it will discuss the effects of using EME in The VVitch on the perception and appreciation of this language among the viewers and the potential contribution of the film to the revival of EME as a living language.

Litrature Review
In order to understand the extent to which Robert Eggers uses Early Modern English (EME) from the 1630s in his film The VVitch, it is necessary to review the linguistic features found in the film and compare them with contemporary sources of EME. Adams (2016) investigates the linguistic accuracy of The VVitch and concludes that Eggers’ use of EME is generally accurate, channeling the dialect of Puritan settlers from the 17th century. A comparison between the film’s language and contemporary historical texts, such as the King James Bible and the works of Shakespeare, shows a high degree of congruence (Quora, n.d.; Stack Exchange, 2017). This indicates that Eggers has successfully captured the essence of EME from the 1630s, thus contributing to the film’s overall authenticity.

The use of EME in The VVitch helps create an immersive and realistic representation of the pre-modern world. Eggers’ decision to use EME effectively distances the film’s setting and characters from the modern audience, enhancing the feeling of historical accuracy (Smith, 2016). Moreover, the commitment to linguistic authenticity aids in immersing viewers in the Puritan world and their particular mindset (Adams, 2016; Slate, 2016). Consequently, the film’s use of EME not only serves as an accurate portrayal of pre-modern English but also as a tool for deepening the narrative experience.
However, it is important to consider the potential implications of using EME for language revitalisation. Some critics argue that the usage of archaic language in The VVitch may hinder the audience’s engagement and enjoyment of the film, making it difficult to understand the dialogue (R., 2016). This could limit the film’s potential as a tool for linguistic and cultural awareness. On the contrary, the use of EME can also be seen as a positive aspect of the film, demonstrating the richness and diversity of the English language throughout history. As Lithub (2021) points out, the persistence of EME in contemporary contexts, such as The VVitch, reveals its lasting influence and relevance in shaping modern English.
The discussions on language revitalisation and the film industry can also benefit from examining Eggers’ subsequent work, The Lighthouse (2019). In The Lighthouse, Eggers employs a similarly commitment to historical accuracy in language, with characters speaking in 19th-century sailor vernacular (Griffin, 2019). Like The VVitch, the use of authentic language in The Lighthouse adds depth to the narrative and enhances the audience’s immersion in the historical setting. Eggers’ upcoming film, The Northman, features actors learning Old Norse (a language considered dead) for their roles, which demonstrates another example of films promoting language revitalisation (Lovett, 2022).
The literature suggests that Robert Eggers’ use of Early Modern English in The VVitch successfully achieves authenticity by accurately portraying the language of the 1630s, engendering a sense of familiarity and immersion in the film’s pre-modern setting. While the implications for language revitalisation may be debated, the use of EME in The VVitch showcases the potential for film to be a powerful medium for linguistic and cultural preservation, awareness, and education. Eggers’ commitment to linguistic authenticity in his filmography indicates a growing trend in the film industry towards broader recognition and representation of historical languages, which could have positive repercussions for language revitalisation efforts in the future.

Methodology
This study will adopt a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. The data collection and analysis will consist of the following steps:

1.	Historical Context Analysis: To establish a baseline for linguistic authenticity, the study will research the Puritan colonisers of New England in the 1630s, focusing on their language, including pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. This will provide a better understanding of the dialects used in the film and their historical accuracy. The sources for this analysis will include academic books and articles, as well as primary sources such as diaries, journals, court documents, and stories.

2.	Dialect Resources: To supplement the historical context analysis, the study will compile resources on EME language and dialects from the 1630s, drawing from online databases and websites that provide linguistic information and examples. Additionally, the study will gather information on language revitalisation efforts and their social and cultural implications from academic articles, books, and online resources.

3.	Film Sound Samples: To measure the intelligibility and accessibility of EME in The VVitch for modern audiences, the study will analyse the film by collecting sound samples of notable phrases and words that showcase EME. The study will use PRAAT, a speech analysis software tool, to examine these words in detail and identify any deviations from historical accuracy. The study will also use PRAAT to generate spectrograms and pitch contours of the sound samples to visualise the acoustic features of EME.

4.	Scene Selection for In-Depth Analysis: To evaluate the impact of EME on the viewers’ perception and appreciation of the film, the study will choose a specific scene from the film, such as a monologue or conversation between characters, to analyse in detail. The study will compare the language used in this scene, including pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar, to historical records and real-world dialects. The study will also assess the emotional and thematic effects of EME on the scene and its relation to the film’s genre and message.

5.	Actor Preparation Research: To explore the influence of EME on the viewers’ interest and motivation in learning more about EME, the study will investigate the actors’ preparation for their roles, focusing on the resources they used to develop their characters and accurately portray historical accents. The study will examine interviews and articles about the actors and their training to gain insight into their language learning process. The study will also discuss the challenges and benefits of learning EME for actors and viewers.

6.	Filmmaker’s Approach: To contextualise the use of EME in The VVitch within Robert Eggers’ approach to filmmaking, with an emphasis on his commitment to historical accuracy. The study will consult sources such as interviews, articles, and the film script to understand his perspective. The study will also discuss the impact of historical linguistic accuracy on language revitalisation efforts.