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 or at least to see everything that
happens or changes as indifferent the
logos is after all identical to Nature
including our own nature
human beings are special in this case
because we are a creature that has a
rational mind
thus we are participating in the Divine
logos in a way we are quote doing God
simply by being creatures with Minds
this is why we see in the writings of
Marcus Aurelius for example that refers
to the divine within
God is within and without it is
everywhere it is nature itself and it
moves and changes according to the
reason of the logos which is also
identical to itself
and this is what it means to quote live
according to Nature to align oneself
with the way that nature works with the
Divine logos
and this of course has significant
ethical consequences
because of this physical Outlook the
whole universe can be said to be a
single thing Marcus Aurelius says in the
meditations quote
think always of the universe as one
living creature comprising one's
substance and one Soul how all is
absorbed into this one Consciousness how
a single impulse governs all its actions
how all things collaborate in all that
happens the very web and mesh of it all
this leads very naturally to another key
feature of stoic physics that would be
very influential for related
developments too which is the idea of
cosmic sympathy or sympathia this is
basically the notion that all things in
the universe are interconnected and
interdependent on each other
a speck of dust on some planet in a far
away solar system has a direct
connection with my thumb or with you or
with the trees outside
everything is connected in an almost
occult esoteric way because after all
everything is one thing
don't get me wrong this
interconnectedness is also somehow
physical to the stomachs just as God or
the pneuma is material
even though later figures such as the
neoplatonist would interpret these ideas
of sympathia and more metaphysical ways
to the stoics reality is an
interconnected web where all things are
connected to everything else which also
allows them to explain occult things
like divination and esoteric reading
which will also return to more later
while this idea of sympathia is often
traced to the historic thinker
posidonius and later thinkers in
particular and maybe partly as a result
of his patronizing Tendencies we can
find ideas that approximate it from
earlier periods of stoicism as well
indeed the strongly monistic worldview
that was part of the stowa since the
very beginning kind of necessitated this
in a way if everything is one thing and
God is identical to that all then
everything must be connected in some way
we even saw a possible example of this
in crisippus from that earlier quote
where he's said to have held that quote
the whole is in sympathy with itself
this idea of sympathia has been a core
feature of stoicism for most of history
but became perhaps most prominent during
what is often called The Middle stoa
With figures like posidonius and his
colleagues who are often said to have
implemented certain aspects of platonism
into the stoic world view it would later
be taken up by figures like platinus and
the neoplatonists as well as by the
writers of the Hermetic literature and
would become very influential throughout
history and esotericism mysticism and
philosophy generally but stoicism is of
course a comprehensive philosophy just
like all other ancient philosophies it
wasn't just about theorizing or
thinking about all these
questions on an intellectual plain or an
intellectual sense it was also about
actualizing these ideas in your life and
living life according to what what they
saw as as the true way of looking at the
world living a good life in other words
how was the stoic supposed to live or
Implement these ideas
and this is where we get into the topic
of stoic ethics indeed stoicism is
famous today primarily for its ethical
teachings or ethical ideas
uh maybe most people have encountered
stoicism through all these different uh
YouTube channels or podcasts or
Instagram posts or books maybe that talk
about stoicism but these sources often
primarily focus on first of all the
later stoics the Roman stoics and also
almost exclusively with ethical
teachings and ethical ideas how to live
your life how to be less anxious maybe
how to get up in the morning all these
kinds of of aspects and very rarely do
they deal with these other equally as
important aspects of stoic Doctrine like
um like logic and physics when we talk
about stoicism Scholars often divide it
into three distinct phases
first the early original historics in
Athens such as Xeno clienties and
crisippus this is where the school was
born and established its fundamental
doctrines
then there's the middle stowa or middle
stoicism including figures like panaceus
and posidonius which had their Center in
roads and among other things seem to
have implemented certain platonic ideas
into the system and lastly there is the
late stowa sometimes called Roman
stoicism which is basically when the
school migrated to the Roman Empire and
with Roman writers
many scholars also questioned the
simplistic division but it can be a
useful way to start getting an overview
of the history and different in these
different phases
and without a doubt it is the Roman
stoics and their ideas that the majority
of people are familiar with many of us