1_ Translate the following legal text into colloquial Farsi 2_ Place the Persian and English text side by side in the table 3_ From the beginning to the end of the text, there should be an English sentence on the left side and a Persian sentence on the right side.  Side.
         4- The use of legal language for Persian translation 5_ Continue to the end of the text

            .Lesson Twenty-Two

Word Study
decisive / dr'saisiv / having the power of or quality of determining; putting an end to the controversy.
This party achieved a decisive victory in the election.
He provided a decisive answer.
A dispute resolution clause is not necessarily decisive in determining the proper law of the contract.
extravagant / Ik'strævəgənt / exceeding reasonable limits; beyond what is reasonable, usual or necessary.
An agreed sum may be struck down if it is proved that the sum is extravagant in amount.
A party has a duty not to mislead the other party by extravagant or unjustified assertions.
The price of the contract is extravagant compared to same products.genuine / 'd3enjuin / true or real; authentic; not artificial.
This table is not à genuine antique.
On further examination, it was found that the signature was not genuine.
Any real evidence must be shown to be both relevant and completely genuine before it may be admitted as proof.
guarantee/gærən'ti: / to promise something with certainty;to agree to pay the cost of repairs resulting from a fault in an article which has been bought or in work done.
The seller guaranteed to deliver within a week.
The product is guaranteed for one year against mechanical failure or faulty workmanship.
We guarantee that the goods will be delivered undamaged.
guideline / 'gardlain / a general rule, instruction, or piece of advice; any  
suggestion, rule, or instruction which guides.
Certain guidelines on the new tax legislation are issued.
These guidelines do not have the force of law.
Before signing an insurance contract, you should read the related guidelines.
loss / lps / the suffering or disadvantage caused by losing something; damages;injury.
He must insure against all losses caused by an Act of God.
She was injured and suffered a consequential loss of earnings.
He was awarded $1000 as compensation for loss of income after the accident.
penalty / 'penlti / a punishment for breaking a law or a contract; a sum payable by an obligor on breach of contract.
A penalty clause has been inserted into the contract.
The clause is not a penalty because it genuinely attempted to calculate the actual loss resulting from the breach.
If the sum is held to be a penalty, the clause will be ignored by the court.represent/ reprr'zent/to show; to constitute; to present.
The lawyer represented to the court that the defendant was mentally unstable.
These changes represent a threat to international security.
This new law represents years of research.
suffer / 'sAfə(r) / to feel pain or discomfort; to experience something unpleasant.
The country suffers from bad management.
The company suffered huge losses in the recession.
He suffered heavy losses as a result of breach of contract.
threat/Oret / a warning of one's intention to harm; a possible danger.
Terrified by his threat, she concluded the deal.
Terrorism poses a threat to the whole country.
The threat of war is still present.

Penalty Clauses

Often, the parties to a contract will agree on a sum that is to be paid if either  
of them breaks the contract. If the agreed amount represents a genuine pre-estimate of what might be the loss suffered on breach of the contract,the courts will enforce payment. If the actual loss is more than the amount agreed, the party suffering the loss must forego the amount by which the actual loss exceeds the pre-estimate. On the other hand, if the ämount of the loss is less than the amount agreed, the party in breach of the contract will still have to pay the agreed amount.
Where the agreed amount takes the form of a threat in order to guarantee the contract (a penalty), thecourts will not allow the person suffering the breach to recover more than the actual loss.
Whether a sum is a penalty depends on what the parties intended, and the courts have laid down the following guidelines:
The expression used in the contract by the parties is not decisive.For example, if the parties describe the sum to be paid on breach of contract as a genuine pre-estimate of damages (or words to that effect) and in all the circumstances it is apparent to the court that the sum is really a penalty, the court will disregard the language used.
If the sum is extravagant in comparison with the greatest loss that could flow from the breach, it will be regarded as a penalty.