Exercise 5 长句的翻译
翻译下列长句，注意结合使用长句的翻译方法。
1.A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so large that hundred of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare; here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths.
结构： A few stars are known   but    the majority are so large     here and there we…
2.It was originally surmised（推测臆测） that different bodies fell to the ground at rates proportional to their respective weights, but, towards the end sixteenth century, Galileo contended that the rate of fall was the same for all bodies—provided gravity were the only force acting—and he attributed the slower rate of fall observed on the case of a light body to the resistance of the air, which exerted a relatively greater effect on a light body than on a heavy body of the same size and shape.
结构： It was… but, Galileo contended… and he attributed…the air
3. Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.
4.How these two things—energy and matter—behave, how they interact one with the other, and how people control them to serve themselves make up the substance of two basic physical science, physics and chemistry.
5.The very successes of physics and chemistry have ensured that biology should now present the key problems of the whole of natural science, offering a challenge to the understanding of the world in which we live, which will call for far more extensive and at the same time better coordinated efforts than all those which science has dealt with in the past.
6.Just as a space satellite, once it has got away from the pull of the earth’s atmosphere, continues to circle round and round the earth for ever, so an electric current circling a frozen ring of mercury should continue to flow for ever, if the temperature is kept below the essential four degrees above absolute zero.
7.The physical size of a diffused resistor will involve a compromise between a large pattern with an easily controllable value, and a small pattern which will occupy a smaller area and have a less predictable value.
8.At school the student needs to increase his knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are important in everyday living, such as knowledge that is useful for his health, for his safety and for an understanding of his surroundings.
9. Since natural water contains dissolved oxygen, fishes, which also need oxygen though they live in water, will die if hot days persist so long that the dissolved oxygen is evaporated.
10. It follows that the thickness of pavement material required to lower the stress from that applied by the wheel to the upper surface of the pavement, to that allowable at the under surface, depends upon the spreading ability of the pavement materials.