Standardization Processes in Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK)

Below is a detailed analysis of the standardization processes in Japan and South Korea, addressing the specified questions for each country.
Japan
1. Requirements for Technical and Information Compatibility with Other Countries

    Japan actively participates in international standard-setting organizations such as ISO and IEC through its national body, the Japan Industrial Standards Committee (JISC). JISC ensures compatibility by aligning Japan Industrial Standards (JIS) with international standards to facilitate global trade and technological cooperation

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Foreign entities can contribute to JIS drafting during public comment periods, fostering international compatibility

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2. Mandatory Compliance with Standards, Measures of Responsibility

    Compliance with JIS standards is voluntary but widely adopted due to their importance in government procurement and market competitiveness. Products adhering to JIS receive preferential treatment under Japan's Industrial Standardization Law

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For specific industries like agriculture, Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS) are also voluntary but widely used. Non-compliance does not result in legal penalties but can limit market access

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3. National Requirements for Measurement Units (System)

    Japan uses the metric system for measurement units, adhering to international norms. JISC develops and maintains measurement standards as part of its technical infrastructure for standardization

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4. Role of Public and Private Organizations

    Public: JISC plays a central role in establishing, maintaining, and revising JIS standards. The Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) oversees industrial standards, while the Ministry of Agriculture administers agricultural standards like JAS

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Private: The Japanese Standards Association (JSA) publishes standards and facilitates industry involvement in standardization activities. Private companies often adopt JIS voluntarily to enhance their competitiveness

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5. Certification and Accreditation Procedures

    Certification under JIS involves approval by accredited bodies registered with METI. Products meeting JIS requirements are marked with the JIS certification symbol

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JAS certification is more complex, requiring approval from Registered Certified Bodies (ROCBs), especially for organic and forest products

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Republic of Korea (ROK)
1. Requirements for Technical and Information Compatibility with Other Countries

    South Korea actively engages in international standard-setting organizations such as ISO, IEC, and ITU. Korean companies like Samsung and LG play leading roles in shaping global technology standards, particularly in emerging fields like 5G

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The Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS) ensures alignment with international standards while promoting homegrown standards where applicable

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2. Mandatory Compliance with Standards, Measures of Responsibility

    Compliance with Korean standards is mandatory for certain industries, particularly those involving safety or environmental protection. Non-compliance can result in penalties or restrictions on market access

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Public hearings are held during the drafting process to ensure stakeholder agreement before mandatory implementation

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3. National Requirements for Measurement Units (System)

    Korea uses the metric system universally for measurement units, consistent with international norms. KATS develops measurement standards to ensure consistency across industries

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4. Role of Public and Private Organizations

    Public: KATS leads national standardization efforts by initiating processes for new standards and ensuring adherence to international norms. Government ministries evaluate proposed standards for discrepancies before adoption

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Private: Korean corporations play a significant role by participating in workshops, seminars, and technical committees within ISO and other organizations. They contribute research papers and patents to influence global standard-setting processes

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5. Certification and Accreditation Procedures

    Certification involves evaluation by KATS or other authorized bodies based on established technical criteria. Accredited organizations conduct testing to certify compliance with national or international standards

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Major companies like Samsung and LG also contribute directly to certification processes by developing proprietary technologies aligned with global norms
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