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. 4. Earthtester: It is used to test earth electrodes and the measurement of soil resistivity. Conduction of Experiment Start the experiment only after getting the approval from the staff. Start the experiment as per the procedure. Then check for the direction of rotation in case of machines and deflection in case of meters. If any think is wrong with them, switch OFF and modify the connection. Inform the changes you have made to the staff and restart the experiment.

. In general, spots where the resistivity values are low tend to increase corrosion. This same kind of information is a good guide for installing cathodic protection. Earth Tester For measuring soil resistivity Earth Tester is used. It is also commonly called as MEGGER by the name of the company which makes them. It has a voltage source, a meter to measure Resistance in ohms, switches to change instrument range, Wires to connect terminal to Earth Electrode and Spikes. It is measured by using Four Terminal Earth Te ster Instrument. There are several methods for measurement of the earth electrode resistance

. A Brief History of GPT Models This article provides a brief history of GPT Models. By Boris Delovski • Updated on Mar 26, 2024 The Turing test was introduced in 1950 by Alan Turing in his seminal paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," proposed as a measure of intelligence. In it, Alan defined that it can safely be said that a machine exhibits intelligence. This occurs when a human can no longer reliably distinguish whether they are talking to another human or a machine. Initially, the test was perceived as a reliable metric. However, there has since been a debate whether it truly captures the essence of intelligence or not

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING B.S. ABDUR RAHMAN CRESCENT INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Name of the Student : RRN : Course code /Course Name : Class : S.No Date Name Of The Experiment Preparation Execution Result Viva Total Signature of the Staff 20 20 10 10 60 1. Comparison of electrical lamps 2. Stair case wiring 3. Domestic wiring 4. Earthing and its significance - Measurement of earth resistivity Average Marks: /60 Faculty – in – charge

Ex .No: 4 Date : EARTHING AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE - MEASUREMENT OF EARTH RESISTIVITY BY USE OF EARTH TESTER AIM: To measure the earth resistance by us of an earth tester. MATERIALS REQUIRED: S. No components Quantity 1. Earth Tester 1 2. Rod 4 3. Connecting wires As required TOOLS REQUIRED: S. No components Quantity 1. Hammer 1 Soil Resistivity and Its Significance Soil resistivity is a measure of how well the soil passes electrical current. Soil with high resistivity does not pass current well. Resistivity is defined in terms of the electrical resistance of a cube of soil

Outer two spikes are connected to C1 & C2 terminals of earth tester. Similarly inner two spikes are connected to P1 & P2 terminals. Now if we rotate generator handle with specific speed, we get earth resistance value of that place. Dr. Frank Wenner of the U.S. Bureau of Standards (now NIST) developed the theory behind this test in 1915. He showed that, if the electrode depth is kept small compared to the distance between the electrodes ‗a‘, the following formula applies. ρ = 2πaR where ρ is the average soil resistivity to depth ‘a‘ in ohm-m, π is the constant 3.1416, a is the distance between the electrodes in m, and R is the earth tester reading in ohms

. ^ a b c Copeland, J., ed. (2004). The Essential Turing: the ideas that gave birth to the computer age. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. ISBN0-1982-5079-7. ^ "Google books ngram". Archived from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2024. ^ AI's immediate precursors: McCorduck (2004, pp.51–107), Crevier (1993, pp.27–32), Russell & Norvig (2021, pp.8–17), Moravec (1988, p.3) ^ a b Turing's original publication of the Turing test in "Computing machinery and intelligence": Turing (1950) Historical influence and philosophical implications: Haugeland (1985, pp.6–9), Crevier (1993, p.24), McCorduck (2004, pp.70–71), Russell & Norvig (2021, pp.2, 984) ^ Crevier (1993), pp.47–49

. In all cases, the electrode must be disconnected from the earthing system of the installation before the tests commence. Soil Resistivity Measurement (Four Point Method) The method almost always used and described here assumes the soil is homogeneous (all the same or similar kind). Soil resistivity is measured by injecting a current into the earth, measuring the voltage drop, and then calculating the resistance. A four -terminal instrument is used to measure earth resistivity. Now, you use four small-sized electrodes (or spikes) driven down to the same depth and equal distances apart in a straight line as shown in the following figure

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