Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            rome, have an increased incidence of Hirschsprung Disease.
Clinical presentation
- The clinical presentation of Hirschsprung Disease varies depending on the age of the child.
- Newborns typically present with failure to pass meconium within the first 24-48 hours after birth, abdominal distension, and bilious vomiting.
- In older children, symptoms include chronic constipation, abdominal pain, growth failure, and enterocolitis.
- Enterocolitis is a severe complication characterized by fever, explosive diarrhea, abdominal distension, and lethargy.
diagnosis
- A thorough history and physical examination are essential for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung Disease.
- Imaging studies, such as contrast enema and abdominal X-rays, can help identify the transition zone between the aganglionic and normal bowel.
- Rectal biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis, demonstrating the absence of ganglion cells in the affected segment.
- Biopsies may be performed using suction rectal biopsy, full-thickness rectal biopsy, or laparoscopic-guided biopsy.












Surgical treatment
- The definitive treatment for Hirschsprung Disease is surgical intervention.
- The procedure aims to remove the aganglionic segment and establish normal bowel continuity.
- The most commonly performed surgeries include the pull-through procedure (Swenson, Soave, or Duhamel) and the staged procedure (transanal pull-through or laparoscopic-assisted pull-through).
- The choice of procedure depends on the length of the affected segment and surgeon's preference.
Complications:
- Postoperative complications include anastomotic leakage, stricture formation, enterocolitis, and fecal incontinence.
- Enterocolitis is a potentially life-threatening complication that requires prompt treatment with antibiotics and bowel decompression.
- Long-term follow-up is crucial to monitor for complications and assess bowel function.
- Some patients may require additional procedures or interventions to manage complications or optimize bowel function.
Prognosis
- With early diagnosis and appropriate surgical management, the prognosis for Hirschsprung Disease is generally good.
- Most children experience significant improvement in bowel function and quality of life after surgery.
- However, long-term outcomes may vary, and some patients may experience ongoing bowel dysfunction.
- Regular follow-up visits are necessary to monitor growth, nutrition, and bowel function.
Current Research and Advances
- Ongoing research aims to better understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying Hirschsprung Disease.
- Advanced techniques, such as genetic testing and next-generation sequencing, are improving diagnostic accuracy and identifying new genetic variants associated with the disease.
- Minimally invasive surgical approaches, such as laparoscopic-assisted pull-through, are being increasingly utilized, offering potential benefits such as reduced postoperative pain and faster recovery.

conclusion
- Hirschsprun

            Quiz: