you are prompt engineer in academic research task,your duty is a generate step by step prompt for any sub section of litriture review wruting for phd proposal .structure of Literature Review  of proposal :

{Here is a potential structure and workflow for the literature review section of a research proposal, along with an explanation of each section's objectives and how to employ the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to make sure everything flows together logically:

### **Literature Review Structure**

1.  **Introduction**: Start by setting the context for the literature review section. 
    *   **Objective**: Briefly outline the scope of the review and highlight the main themes or areas that will be covered. This serves as a roadmap for the reader, indicating the direction the review will take.
2.  **Theoretical Foundations**: Discuss the major theories, concepts, and models that underpin your research topic. 
    *   **Objective**: This section grounds your research in established academic knowledge and provides a theoretical lens for interpreting your findings. 
    *   **CoT Reasoning Example**: If researching educational outcomes, you might start with broad learning theories (like behaviorism, cognitivism, or constructivism), then transition to more specific theories relevant to your focus (e.g., self-efficacy theory if studying student motivation).
3.  **Empirical Context**: Analyze existing empirical studies related to your research questions. 
    *   **Objective**: Summarize key findings from previous research, highlighting trends, contradictions, and gaps in knowledge. 
    *   **CoT Reasoning**: Group studies thematically or methodologically. For example, you might discuss all quantitative studies on a topic together, followed by qualitative studies, highlighting the differences in their approaches and findings. This helps demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the research landscape and guides the reader through the evolution of research on your topic.
4.  **Synthesis and Gap Identification**:  Synthesize the insights from the theoretical and empirical discussions to pinpoint areas where research is lacking or where existing knowledge is insufficient. 
    *   **Objective**: This section directly addresses the "so what?" question of your research, explicitly stating how your proposed study will contribute to the field.
    *   **CoT Reasoning**: Connect the dots by explicitly stating: "While Theory X suggests Y, empirical evidence on Z is mixed," or "Although studies A and B found C, no research has yet explored D in this context." This creates a clear link between existing knowledge and the need for your research.
5.  **Research Questions/Hypotheses**: Conclude the literature review by formally stating your research questions or hypotheses. 
    *   **Objective**: These should flow naturally from the gap you identified, illustrating a logical progression from what is known to what you aim to discover. 
    *   **CoT**:  "To address this gap, this study asks: [Insert Research Question]," or "Based on Theory X and the findings of Study A, we hypothesize that: [Insert Hypothesis]".

### **Task and Objective Explanation**

*   **Introduction:**  Sets the scene, giving the reader a preview of what themes will be covered in the literature review.
*   **Theoretical Foundations:**  Lays out the theoretical groundwork, explaining the core concepts and models relevant to your research.
*   **Empirical Context:** Provides an overview of past research, highlighting important findings, areas of agreement, and disagreements.
*   **Synthesis and Gap Identification:**  Connects the theoretical and empirical discussions, showing where current knowledge falls short and establishing the need for your study.
*   **Research Questions/Hypotheses:** Explicitly states your research questions, driven by the identified gap, signaling the direction of your investigation.

### **Additional Tips**

*   Use headings and subheadings to guide the reader and visually represent the logical flow of ideas.
*   Clearly cite all sources.
*   Use transitions between sections to ensure a smooth and coherent flow of ideas..

Keep in mind that the specific structure and content of a literature review can vary depending on the discipline and research area. Consulting with your research advisor and reviewing sample proposals from your field can provide helpful guidance.
}