From the Following References, it is Possible to Derive Underlying Building Blocks of Language Evolution in Bayesian Format. Speculate what the most probable building block "factors" are, then list the 26 most likely in order of most probable to least probable. Use rank-order frequency (within the references) to score each factor, normalized to one. Each of the 26 factors must be unique and inspired by the literature below.

1. Botha RP. Unravelling the Evolution of Language. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2003.
2. Fitch WT. The Evolution of Language. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 2010.
3. McMahon A, McMahon R. Evolutionary Linguistics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2013.
4. Hurford JR, Studdert-Kennedy M, Knight C, eds. Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive Bases. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 1998.
5. Knight C, Studdert-Kennedy M, Hurford J, eds. The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social Functions and the Origins of Linguistic Form. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2000.
6. Briscoe E, ed. Linguistic Evolution through Language Acquisition: Formal and Computational Models. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 2002.
7. Cangelosi A, Parisi D, eds. Simulating the Evolution of Language. London: Springer; 2002.
8. Wray A, ed. The Transition to Language. Studies in the Evolution of Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002.
9. Christiansen MH, Kirby S, eds. Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003.
10. Tallerman M, ed. Language Origins: Perspectives on Evolution. Studies in the Evolution of Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.
11. Minett JW, Wang WSY. Language Acquisition, Change and Emergence: Essays in Evolutionary Linguistics. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press; 2005.
12. Cangelosi A, Smith ADM, Smith K, eds. The Evolution of Language: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference. Singapore: World Scientific Press; 2006.
13. Smith ADM, Smith K, Ferrer i Cancho R, eds. The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 7). Singapore: World Scientific; 2008.
14. Larson RK, Deprez V, Yamakido H, eds. The Evolution of Human Language: Biolinguistic Perspectives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2010.
15. Smith ADM, Schouwstra M, de Boer B, Smith K, eds. The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 8). Singapore: World Scientific; 2010.
16. Tallerman M, Gibson KR, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011.
17. Scott-Phillips TC, Tamariz M, Cartmill EA, Hurford JR, eds. The Evolution of Language (EVOLANG 9). Singapore: World Scientific Press; 2012.
18. Binder PM, Smith K, eds. The Language Phenomenon. London: Springer; 2013.
19. Hockett CF. The origin of speech. Sci Am 1960, 203:88–96.
20. Smith K, Kirby S. Cultural evolution: implications for understanding the human language faculty and its evolution. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 2008, 363:3591–3603.
21. de Saussure F. Course in General Linguistics. New York: The Philosophical Library; 1959. [Translated by Wade Baskin].
22. Martinet A. La double articulation linguistique. Travaux du Cercle Linguistic de Copenhague 1949, 5:30–37.
23. Kinsella AR. Language Evolution and Syntactic Theory. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 2009.
24. Hauser MD, Chomsky N, Fitch WT. The faculty of language: what is it, who has it and how did it evolve? Science 2002, 298:1569–1579.
25. Krifka M. Compositionality. In: Wilson RA, Keil F, eds. The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2001.
26. Okanoya K. Sexual display as a syntactic vehicle: the evolution of syntax in birdsong and human language through sexual selection. In: Wray A, ed. The Transition to Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002, 46–64.
27. Suzuki R, Buck JR, Tyack PL. Information Entropy of Humpback Whale Songs. J Acoust Soc Am 2006, 119:1849–1866.
28. Smith K. Why formal models are useful for evolutionary linguists. In: Gibson KR, Tallerman M, eds. Oxford Handbook of Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011.
29. Gell-Mann M. The Quark and the Jaguar. New York: Freeman; 1994.
30. Beckner C, Blythe RA, Bybee JL, Christiansen MH, Croft W, Ellis NC, Holland J, Ke J, LarsenFreeman D, Schoenemann T. Language is a complex adaptive system: position paper. Lang Learn 2009, 59(S1):1–26.
31. Chomsky N. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1965.
32. Chomsky N. Rules and Representations. London: Basil Blackwell; 1980.
33. Pullum GK, Scholz BC. Empirical assessment of stimulus poverty arguments. Linguist Rev 2002, 19(1-2):9–50.
34. Pinker S, Bloom P. Natural language and natural selection. Behav Brain Sci 1990, 13:707–784.
35. Oliphant M. The dilemma of Saussurean communication. BioSystems 1996, 37:31–38.
36. Nowak MA, Krakauer D. The evolution of language. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96:8028–8033.
37. Nowak MA, Komarova NL, Niyogi P. Evolution of Universal Grammar. Science 2001, 291:114–117.
38. Hinton G, Nowlan S. How learning can guide evolution. Complex Syst 1987, 1:495–502.
39. Deacon T. The Symbolic Species. London: Penguin; 1997.
40. Briscoe T. Grammatical assimilation. In: Christiansen M, Kirby S, eds. Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003, 295–316.
41. Turkel WJ. The learning guided evolution of natural language. In: Briscoe E, ed. Linguistic Evolution through Language Acquisition: Formal and Computational Models. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 2002, 235–254.
42. Yamauchi H. The Difficulty of the Baldwinian Account of Linguistic Innateness. In: Kelemen J, Sosík P, eds. Advances in Artificial Life: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Artificial Life. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2001, 391–400.
43. Yamauchi H, Hashimoto T. Relaxation of selection, niche construction and the Baldwin Effect in language evolution. Artif Life 2010, 16:271–287.
44. Odling-Smee FJ, Laland KN, Feldman MW. Niche construction. Am Nat 1996, 147:641–648.
45. Trask RL. Historical Linguistics. London: Arnold; 1996.
46. Croft W. Explaining Language Change: An Evolutionary Approach. Longman: Longman Linguistics Library; 2000.
47. Munroe S, Cangelosi A. Learning and the Evolution of Language: the role of cultural variation and learning costs in the Baldwin effect. Artif Life 2002, 8:331–339.
48. Chater N, Christiansen MH. Language acquisition meets language evolution. Cognit Sci 2009:1–27.
49. Chater N, Reali F, Christiansen MH. Restrictions on biological adaptation in language evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:1015–1020.
50. Lupyan G, Christiansen MH. Case, Word order and language learnability: insights from connectionist modelling. In: Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2002, 596–601.
51. Christiansen MH, Chater N. Language as shaped by the brain. Behav Brain Sci 2008, 31:489–508.
52. Hurford JR. Expression/induction models of language evolution: dimensions and issues. In: Briscoe E, ed. Linguistic Evolution Through Language Acquisition: Formal and Computational Models. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 2002, 301–344.
53. Kirby S. Syntax without natural selection: how compositionality emerges from vocabulary in a population of learners. In: Knight C, StuddertKennedy M, Hurford JR, eds. The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social Function and the Origins of Linguistic Form. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 2000, 303–323.
54. Zuidema WH. How the poverty of the stimulus solves the poverty of the stimulus. In: Becker S, Thrun S, Obermayer K, eds. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15 (Proceedings of NIPS ’02). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2003.
55. Sperber D, Wilson D. Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell; 1995.
56. Hoefler S, Smith ADM. The pre-linguistic basis of grammaticalisation: a unified approach to metaphor and reanalysis. Stud Lang 2009, 33:883–906.
57. Scott-Phillips TC. The Pragmatic Ape: Human Communication and the Evolutionary Origins of Language. London: Palgrave MacMillan; In press.
58. Hurford JR. The Origins of Meaning: Language in the Light of Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007.
59. Smith ADM. The inferential transmission of language. Adapt Behav 2005, 13:311–324.
60. Smith ADM. Protolanguage reconstructed. Interact Stud 2008, 9:100–116.
61. Smith ADM, Hoefler SH. The pivotal role of metaphor in the evolution of human language. In: Vera JED, ed. Metaphor and Metonymy through Time and Culture. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter; In press.
62. Smith K. Cultural evolution of language. In: Brown K, ed. The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. New York: Elsevier; 2006, 315–322.
63. Hopper PJ. Emergent grammar. BLS 1987, 13:139–157.
64. Bybee JL. From usage to grammar: the mind’s response to repetition. Language 2006, 82:711–733.
65. Kirby S, Hurford JR. The emergence of linguistic structure: an overview of the iterated learning model. In: Cangelosi A, Parisi D, eds. Simulating the Evolution of Language. London: Springer Verlag; 2002, 121–148.
66. Kirby S, Dowman M, Griffiths TL. Innateness and culture in the evolution of language. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104:5241–5245.
67. Hurford JR. Nativist and functional explanations in language acquisition. In: Roca IM, ed. Logical Issues in Language Acquisition. Berlin: de Gruyter; 1990, 85–136.
68. Lass R. Historical Linguistics and Language Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1997.
69. Scott-Phillips TC, Kirby S. Language evolution in the laboratory. Trends Cogn Sci 2010:898.
70. Hurford JR. Biological evolution of the Saussurean sign as a component of the language acquisition device. Lingua 1989, 77:187–222.
71. Hurford JR. The evolution of critical period for language acquisition. Cognition 1991, 40:159–201.
72. Batali J. Innate biases and critical periods: Combining evolution and learning in the acquisition of syntax. In: Brooks R, Maes P, eds. Artificial Life 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems. Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley; 1994, 160–171.
73. van Trijp R. The evolution of case systems for marking event structure. In: Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 2012, 169–206.
74. Gerasymova K, Spranger M, Beuls K. A language strategy for aspect: encoding Aktionsarten through morphology. In: Steels L, ed. Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 2012, 257–276.
75. Pauw S, Hilferty J. The emergence of quantifiers. In: Steels L, ed. Experiments in Cultural Language Evolution. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 2012, 277–303.
76. Beuls K, Steels L. Agent-based models of strategies for the emergence and evolution of grammatical agreement. PLoS One 2013, 8:358960.
77. Elman J. Finding structure in time. Cognit Sci 1990, 14:179–211.
78. Reali F, Christiansen MH. Uncovering the richness of the stimulus: structure dependence and indirect statistical evidence. Cognit Sci 2005, 29:1007–1028.
79. Reali F, Christiansen MH, Monaghan P. Phonological and distributional cues in syntax acquisition: scaling up the connectionist approach to multiple-cue integration. In: Alterman R, Kirsh D, eds. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2003, 970–975.
80. de Boer B. The Origins of Vowel Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001.
81. Oudeyer PY. The Self-Organization of Speech. Studies in the Evolution of Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.
82. Zuidema W, de Boer B. The evolution of combinatorial phonology. J Phon 2009, 37:125–144.
83. Steels L, Kaplan F. Bootstrapping grounded word semantics. In: Briscoe E, ed. Linguistic Evolution through Language Acquisition: Formal and Computational Models. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 2002, 53–73.
84. Smith K. The evolution of vocabulary. J Theor Biol 2004, 228:127–142.
85. Steels L. A self-organizing spatial vocabulary. Artif Life 1995, 2:319–332.
86. Steels L. Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; 2011.
87. Nowak MA, Plotkin JB, Krakauer D. The evolutionary language game. J Theor Biol 1999, 200:147–162.
88. Wellens P. Adaptive Strategies in the Emergence of Lexical Systems. Brussels: VUB Press; 2012.
89. Siskind JM. A computational study of cross-situational techniques for learning word-to-meaning mappings. Cognition 1996, 61:39–91.
90. Steels L, Vogt P. Grounding adaptive language games in robotic agents. In: Husbands P, Harvey I, eds. Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1997, 474–482.
91. Steels L. The Talking Heads Experiment, Volume I. Words and Meanings. Antwerp: Laboratorium; 1999.
92. Smith ADM. Intelligent Meaning Creation in a Clumpy World Helps Communication. Artif Life 2003, 9:175–190.
93. Vogt P, Coumans H. Investigating social interaction strategies for bootstrapping lexicon development. J Artif Soc Social Simul 2003, 6. [Online]. Available at: http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/6/1/4.html
94. Steels L, Belpaeme T. Coordinating perceptually grounded categories through language: a case study for colour. Behav Brain Sci 2005, 28:469–529.
95. Vogt P. The emergence of compositional structures in perceptually grounded language games. Artif Intell 2005, 167(1-2):206–242.
96. Brighton H. Compositional syntax from cultural transmission. Artif Life 2002, 8:25–54.
97. Smith K, Kirby S, Brighton H. Iterated Learning: a framework for the emergence of language. Artif Life 2003, 9:371–386.
98. Mesoudi A. Using the Methods of Experimental Social Psychology to Study Cultural Evolution. J Soc Exp Cult Psychol 2007, 1:35–58.
99. Kirby S, Cornish H, Smith K. Cumulative Cultural Evolution in the Lab: an experimental approach to the origins of structure in human language. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008, 105:10681–10686.
100. Kirby S. Spontaneous evolution of linguistic structure: an iterated learning model of the emergence of regularity and irregularity. IEEE J Evol Comput 2001, 5:102–110.
101. Batali J. Computational simulations of the emergence of grammar. In: Hurford JR, Studdert-Kennedy M, Knight C, eds. Approaches to the Evolution of Language: social and cognitive bases. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 1998, 405–426.
102. Tonkes B. On the origins of linguistic structure: computational models of the evolution of language. PhD thesis, University of Queensland, 2002.
103. Batali J. The negotiation and acquisition of recursive grammars as a result of competition among exemplars. In: Briscoe E, ed. Linguistic Evolution through Language Acquisition: Formal and Computational Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002, 111–172.
104. Wray A. Protolanguage as a holistic system for social interaction. Lang Commun 1998, 18:47–67.
105. Smith K, Brighton H, Kirby S. Complex Systems in Language Evolution: the cultural emergence of compositional structure. Adv Complex Syst 2003, 6:537–558.
106. Brighton H. Simplicity as a driving force in linguistic evolution. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003.
107. Brighton H, Smith K, Kirby S. Language as an evolutionary system.