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Turgenev's biography: childhood and youth Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev, whose biography begins on November 9, 1818, lived a bright and difficult life. Although the boy was born into an ancient noble family, the financial situation of the family left much to be desired, as did the relationship of the boy's parents: Turgenev's mother, Varvara Lutovinova, was six years older than her father. She did not shine with beauty, but she had a noble background and was financially independent. Turgenev's father, Sergei Turgenev, on the contrary, was a young rake. Having squandered his fortune, out of desperation he married Varvara. She was a great match. Unfortunately, the couple did not live together for long: when their son Ivan turned 12, his father left his wife with three children, continuing to lead a wild lifestyle. Four years later, Sergei Nikolaevich died suddenly, ruining his youth, dreams and health. Ivan Turgenev, whose biography begins in Orel, spent almost all his childhood in his mother's ancestral estate — Spasskoye-Lutovinovo near Mtsensk. The mischievous boy's early years cannot be called happy, and the reason for this is not only the drama in the Turgenev family, but also the character of his mother. If we describe Turgenev's childhood briefly, it is important to focus on the inconsistency of the image of Varvara Lutovinova — an educated but despotic mother and mistress: She came from a noble family, but her mother was quickly widowed, which forced the girl to take the reins of the estate into her own hands. Varvara had practically no childhood, which hardened her character and made her ruthless, demanding and tough. Varvara's mother remarried, but her stepfather bullied her stepdaughter so much that she had to run away to her uncle. After the death of her uncle, Varvara inherited an estate with five thousand serfs and had to learn how to manage a large estate. Later in her life, there was an unsuccessful marriage with Ivan's father, the birth of three children and the death of the youngest boy from epilepsy. Portrait of the young Turgenev: Wikipedia / K. Gorbunov As you know, Turgenev's biography, especially in the early period, is filled with dramatic events and impressions, which later became the basis for his works. A little later, Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev colorfully embodies the image of Varvara Lutovinova in the character of the story "Death". A brief biography of Turgenev is impossible without an emphasis on his education. For a long time, the French language was the only means of communication for Ivan. They even prayed in French in the house. That's where Turgenev studied: At the age of 9, Ivan and his family moved from the countryside to a house on Neglinnaya Street, and tutors from Paris and England were engaged in the boy's education. Later, Ivan Turgenev studied at the Ivan Krause boarding school. By his 15th birthday, he became a student at the Faculty of Literature of the capital University. After studying only a course, he transferred to the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Northern Palmyra - the whole family moved to St. Petersburg. In 1838, after receiving his diploma, he decided to continue his studies in Germany. During the youth of the young writer, it was time for his European travels in England, France and the lands of Prussia, which enriched the author's horizons and gave him acute social themes of future works. Ivan Turgenev: the creative path of Turgenev's life and work are inextricably linked. Every life situation, travel, studies and early years under the yoke of his mother — all this influenced the formation of the creative personality of the writer. Here is a brief chronology of his literary path: in 1836, Turgenev's first publication appeared — a critical note about Andrei Muravyov's book "Journey to the Holy Places"; in 1837, three amazing poems by the author were created: "Calm at Sea", "Phantasmagoria on a Moonlit Night" and "Dream"; 1843 - the year, when Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev gained popularity by releasing the poem "Parasha"; A shot from the feature film "The Noble Nest": YouTube / Filmography Turgenev's work has undergone serious metamorphoses thanks to a strong and devoted friendship with literary critic Belinsky and Nikolai Nekrasov. They forced the author to say goodbye to romanticism and turn to realistic writing techniques. The result of the work is the works "Three Portraits", "Breter", "Andrey Kolosov" and "Landowner"; since 1850, the dawn of Turgenev's career as a playwright begins. Upon returning home from his travels, Ivan Sergeevich wrote plays that were successfully staged on the stage: "The Bachelor", "A Month in the Village", "Freeloader" and "Provincial"; 1852 was a difficult and problematic year for the author. Turgenev's whole life is like a challenge to entrenched foundations, and this difficult period is a vivid confirmation of this. Ivan Sergeevich had the courage to write Gogol's obituary, which the censors considered a direct threat to the state. This led to an immediate reaction from Nicholas I, house arrest and a ban on leaving the territory of the Spassky estate for three years; It is impossible not to mention Turgenev as a children's writer. For young readers, the author created the works "Dog", "Pigeons" and "Sparrow"; 1856 is largely considered a landmark year for Turgenev's work, because it was then that the author's first large—scale work, the novel "Rudin", was published. The continuation of the work is the novel "The Noble Nest". This creation was so liked by critics and aristocrats that it was considered obligatory and fashionable in society to get acquainted with this work; from 1860 to 1861, Turgenev's legendary works appeared: "Fathers and Children", "Mumu" and "Smoke". Rejected by liberals, the novels still found their readers and became classics of Russian literature; the last years of the author's life were marked by the release of "Poems in Prose", which many critics perceived as the farewell of a brilliant writer to art. Ivan Turgenev, whose work was included in the golden fund of Russian literature, is a recognized reformer and innovator who changes people's views and destroys stereotypes