What is the following worksheet about?:

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IELTS Reading lesson: Skimming and Scanning
 Skimming and scanning are two very effective (yet different) strategies for speed
 reading.
 What is speed-reading? You may be used to reading every word slowly and carefully to
 understand every sentence of the text. But on the IELTS Reading test, you are limited in
 time and it’s impossible to read all of the information. But how to read more, in less time?
 One way is to use speed-reading- quickly read the text according to your purpose,
 getting only the information you need.
 Skimming
 Skimming means quickly reading the text to get only its main idea. To skim effectively,
 you need to read only a part of the material.
 You have already encountered skimming: when reading a long chapter of a book, or
 doing a research on a long article.
 Howto skim?
 1. Read the first paragraph attentively (carefully) to get an idea of what will be
 discussed in the text.
 2. Read the first (and sometimes the second) sentence of each paragraph- they give
 the main idea of the paragraph.
 3. After you have read the first sentences, your eyes should drop down to the end of
 the paragraph, looking for important pieces of information, such as dates and
 names.
 4. Read the last paragraph attentively as it may contain the summary.
Here’s a picture that illustrates skimming process:
 Scanning
 Scanning means searching for specific phrases in the text to answer some questions.
 Highlight!
 The questions on the IELTS Reading test often include dates, names, numbers, new
 terms or other key words. So it’s a very good idea to highlight those key words while
 reading, so you could find the answers in the text more easily.
Howto scan?
 1. Highlight the important information while reading the text (dates, numbers, names
 etc.)
 2. When you read the question, identify the key word and scan the text for it. This way
 you’ll find the answer more quickly.
 The scanning process looks like this:
Practice
 Let's practice skimming. When reading a text for the first time, you should skim (quickly
 look) over it to grasp the main idea. In this example, read the highlighted text and
 quickly look over the rest of the text (you have about 1-2 minutes):
 Are electric cars really eco-friendly?
 Electric-car drivers are saving the planet, right? Their vehicles produce none of the
 pollutants that dinosaur-burning, fossil-fuel-powered machines do. That is the
 standard view, and governments around the world provide incentives to encourage
 the uptake of this new technology.
 That is why a Tesla owner got a rude shock when he went to import his vehicle into
 Singapore- the first person to do so. The Tesla Model S is a 100% electric vehicle.
 It does not have an exhaust to emit from. So what happened?
 Instead of an expected rebate of around S$15,000 (US$10,800) he received a fine of
 the same amount for being a gross polluter. The company commented the incident,
 "The Model S that our customer imported into Singapore left our factory only two years
 ago with energy consumption rated at 181 Wh/km. This qualifies as the cleanest
 possible category of car in Singapore and entitles the owner to an incentive rather than
 a fine."
 The Singapore authorities calculated the ‘carbon cost’ of generating the electricity that
 will be used to charge the car. This is the elephant in the trunk of electric vehicles.
 Where and how the power is produced is not often considered, but perhaps it should be.
 Let’s move the elephant up to the passenger seat and address it directly.
 The authorities in Singapore apparently found the Tesla in question consumes 444 watt
 hours of electricity per km (Wh/km) in tests. Without wanting to get too math-heavy, the
 number of 444Wh/km does seem high. And as we still need power stations to produce
 such a large amount of electric energy, the environmental impact is not as small as it
 seemed to be.
 But what about the bigger picture- should we be factoring in the emissions of power
 stations when working out how green an electric car is? The logical answer is yes.
 Emissions shifted elsewhere are still emissions, and CO2 impacts the global
 atmosphere wherever it is released.
 3/5
After you’ve skimmed the text, you should get the general idea (gist) :
 One man imported an electric car to Singapore and was fined for
 that, because the car was considered a polluter. It turned out that
 electric cars can also be dangerous for the environment, because
 electric energy used to charge them is produced at power
 stations, which emit pollutants.
 Nowlet’s look at the questions:
 1. What is the aim of this text?
 A. To discourage people from visiting Singapore
 B. To prove that electric cars are less eco-friendly than fossil-fuel-powered
 machines
 C. To show that we need to count the emissions of power stations to see
 how green an electric car is.
 This question can be answered immediately after you skimmed over the text. Here,
 you’re required to understand only the main idea of the passage.
 Take a moment to think about the correct answer. [The answer is on the following page]
 …
The correct answer is C. It’s also stated in the last paragraph:
 But what about the bigger picture- should we be factoring in
 the emissions of power stations when working out how green
 an electric car is? The logical answer is yes.
 Next question:
 2. When the owner of the electric car went to Singapore, he received
 A. a rebate of around US$10,800
 B. a fine of around US$10,800
 C. a fine of around US$15,000
 Unlike the previous question, this one requires specific detail: amount of money.
 To answer it, you should scan the text for figures ($10,800 and $15,000).
 DON'T READ THETEXTAGAIN!
 Just search for these figures or numbers. Once you have found the right sentence, read it
 carefully to get the answer.
 Which paragraph contains these key figures? Find the full sentence.
 …
The sentence that contains these key figures is in the third paragraph:
 Instead of an expected rebate of around S$15,000 (US$10,800)
 he received a fine of the same amount for being a gross polluter.
 Now it’s clear to us that the correct answer is:
 ✅
 B.afine of around US$10,800
 Next question:
 3. To prove that the electric car was a gross polluter, the authorities in
 Singapore calculated the ...................... of generating the electricity to
 charge the car.
 After you skimmed over the article, you should know that the Singapore authorities and
 charging car were mentioned somewhere in the middle of the text. You can find the
 right answer by these key words:
 authorities in Singapore
 electricity to charge the car
 Now, scan the text again for these keywords. Which paragraph are they in?
Answer: You will find these keywords in the fourth paragraph:
 The Singapore authorities calculated the ‘carbon cost’ of
 generating the electricity that will be used to charge the car.
 Therefore, the correct answer is carbon cost:
 3. To prove that the electric car was a gross polluter, the authorities in
 Singapore calculated the carbon cost of generating the electricity to
 charge the car.

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