翻译以下内容为中文：GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

There are two types of work activities:

•	DEAD WORK - Work with an electrical installation where there is no risk of being exposed to an electrical hazard and where work can be undertaken safely without requiring the entire specialist electrical working procedures. Regardless, risk assessment must be performed as part of these operations and isolation will be required. 

•	LIVE WORK - Work with an electrical installation where there is a risk of being exposed to an electrical hazard (for example, replacement of electrical equipment) and where appropriate working procedures need to be applied with full consideration of Section 5.4 .  

7.1	Dead Working 

All work on electric installations in vehicles MUST be carried out dead, except for the special circumstances detailed in Section 5.4.  Persons carrying out electrical work must be competent to do so and authorised or under the supervision of an authorised person. 

Each electrical installation in a vehicle must have a defined and documented Safe Isolation process which should be followed by an authorised person. Only those who also hold Electrical Safety without Hazardous Voltage (Orange badge) or IMI Level 3 Award  in Electrically Propelled Vehicle Repair and Replacement or higher are authorised to perform such operations in vehicles. The following standard process may be applied but it is important to note that there are differences to and from each vehicle and it must be confirmed before completing the isolation. 

•	Power-off the electrical installation by removal of the control signal - The control signal to the electrical installation must be turned off (key-off or similar) and the ELV power supply must be removed prior to continuing with the remaining activities.

•	Disconnect all external power sources - The electrical installation at which the work activity is to be carried out shall be disconnected from all external power sources (off-board charger, grid connections, etc.). The disconnection shall consist of an air gap or similar insulation which ensures that the point of disconnection cannot be bridged electrically. The point of disconnection shall be visually verifiable.

•	Verify absence of operating voltage - The absence of operating voltage shall be verified on all poles of the electrical installation. Built-in or portable equipment can, for example, be used for the dead verification check. Portable equipment shall be inspected immediately prior to and, if possible, after use. The equipment shall be suitable for the purpose.

•	Disconnect all internal power sources - The electrical installation at which the work shall be carried out shall be disconnected from all internal power sources (ESS” Energy Storage System”, electric machine driven by vehicle’s combustion engine, etc.). The disconnection shall consist of an air gap or similar insulation which ensures that the point of disconnection cannot be bridged electrically. The point of disconnection shall be visually verifiable.

•	Secure against re-connection (blocking) - All means that have been used to disconnect the electrical installation part for the work shall be blocked and locked. If there is no locking device, an equivalent blocking action shall be taken. A sign prohibiting unauthorized operation shall be put up. The sign shall state who has locked the electrical installation and explain that work is in progress. A record of the secured isolation must be clearly documented on the facility isolation and lock out register

























                                          HV Cable Lockout Device with Signage


•	Permission to Start work after decommissioning - Permission from the nominated person in control of work activity and, if needed, from the nominated person in control of electric vehicle safety is required before work after decommissioning can start.

Commissioning after Work - After the work activity has been completed and inspected, personnel involved in the work activity shall be notified that the work activity has been completed and no more work is permitted. All tools, equipment and devices used during the work shall be removed. Only then shall the procedure for commissioning be commenced and the electrical installation shall be regarded as live. All safety equipment and/or devices at the work location shall be removed. Starting from the work location and progressing outwards, the equipment and/or devices that were applied to the electrical installation shall be removed and all the locks or other devices, which were used to prevent reconnection shall also be removed. All signs used for the work activity shall be removed. Only the person who has applied the isolation and lockout is authorised to remove it. A tag should be used along with the lock to record who applied the isolation. In the event that that person is unavailable Absent Person Lockout Removal Form must be completed in its entirety including the relevant authorisations to remove the lock. 

7.2	Live Working

Any work conducted on or in the vicinity of live electrical installations in vehicles that are accessible requires a completed Live Electrical Work Permit. This includes all diagnostic testing when no alternative testing method is available. The permit must be completed in its entirety including the risk assessment exercise. 

Only those with Electrical Safety with Hazardous Voltage (Blue Badge) or IMI Level 4 Award in the Diagnosis, Testing and Repair of Electric Vehicles and Components are permitted to perform work on live HV EV systems and equipment subject to the approval of the relevant live working permit. Those who are authorised to issue permits are defined in Responsible Persons Register. Under no circumstances can the person who issued the live working permit also be the person in Control of the work activity. 

The exemption to the requirements for a permit to work is in the case of manufacturing where consistent repeatable operations are performed where hazards are understood, and risk assessed. This does not remove the requirements for contact protection. Any abnormal condition within the manufacturing environment must be considered. 

7.2.1	Is it unreasonable for the work to be done dead?

There are some circumstances where it is unreasonable to make equipment dead because of the difficulties it would cause. For example, it may be difficult, if not impossible, to commission a complex control system without having it energised at some time with parts live (but not exposed so that they may be easily touched). Also, it may not be realistic to monitor the operation and performance of a control system or to trace a malfunction of such equipment with it dead, i.e., fault-finding.

7.2.2	Identify and Assess the Risks and Methods for Controlling them

At this stage some form of formal risk assessment is necessary. This will 	usually be qualitative, but it should be applied to the specific equipment to be worked on or nearby. The person carrying out the assessment etc. should have extensive knowledge and experience of the factors to consider and of the competence of the people who will be carrying out the work and of their ability to avoid danger. 

7.2.3	Decide if it Reasonable to Work Live

On completion of the preceding stage, it is now appropriate for managers and supervisors to judge whether it is reasonable in all circumstances to work live. The decision should not be taken lightly. At this stage the economic and operational factors should be evaluated against the risks involved before deciding, bearing in mind that the shock or burn risks associated with working live can be very serious. This decision will result in a permit to work being issued or declined. 

7.2.4	Decide whether suitable precautions can be taken to prevent injury

Providing these requirements have been met, live working can still only be justified if suitable precautions are taken to prevent injury arising from risks identified in the assessment. These MUST be specified in the permit to work. 

The possibility of anyone touching parts at dangerously different potentials at the same time should be avoided by installing temporary insulation or protective barriers. This may mean putting temporary insulating screens over live parts and/or applying insulation to parts that are at earth potential. Temporary screens etc. can also help to prevent the risk of accidental short circuit from tools, components, conductors etc.

When work is to be carried out ‘near’ rather than ‘on’ live equipment the essential precautions will often be directed towards ensuring that appropriate and adequate safety clearances are established and maintained. 

The people doing the work must be adequately trained and experienced in the type of live work being undertaken. They should understand the task and be able to recognise any deterioration in the state of equipment or departures from agreed procedures. They should have the self-discipline to recognise their own limitations and should be encouraged to seek assistance with work that may be outside their area of competence.

There must be adequate working space and adequate lighting. There should be adequate headroom, no tripping hazards and no obstructions that could restrict a person’s movements. 

Only properly insulated tools should be used. They should have insulation that is robust enough to be proof against mechanical damage. These tools will be inspected by the user for abnormality prior to use. They will be destroyed if the insulation is damaged. Test instruments should have insulated probes and fused leads.

Protective clothing and equipment should be provided and used where this would reduce the risk of contact with live parts or earth. 

Experience has shown that rapid action can save life in the event of electric shock. A person working on live parts must be accompanied by someone who is in a safe position, who has the necessary competence to avoid injury, who can help by disconnecting the supply and who can render first aid or obtain assistance in the event of an emergency.

7.3	Environmental Conditions

Restrictions shall be applied to live working in the event of adverse environmental conditions. These restrictions are based on the reduction of insulating properties and on reduced visibility and impaired movement of the person(s) performing the work. If the work must be conducted outdoors, restrictions shall be made in the event of adverse weather conditions e.g., thunderstorms, high humidity, or rain. 

7.4	Tooling and Personal Protective Equipment 

Tools, equipment, and protective devices including PPE are clearly defined in the Polestar Global Standard for Working with Hazardous Voltages. Tooling and PPE should be subject to periodic visual inspection to ensure its continued suitability for use. 

7.5	Safety Equipment

In each building where work is performed electrical installations on vehicles Live or dead, the following safety equipment must be present.

•	Electrically Insulated Rescue Hook
•	Defibrillator
•	Suitable Barriers to restrict access all around the vehicle to unauthorised persons
•	Signage to indicate status of Electrical Installation of Vehicle

7.6	First Aid Provision

As a minimum there must be at least one First Aid at Work Trained persons at all times when work is being conducted under a live electrical permit. That person must have knowledge of the location of the rescue hook and the defibrillator. 

7.7	Signage

Not all hazards on an HV EV system may be visible. It is important to give an indication to all the status of the system. This done by using the following signs which should be determined by the technician or engineer who is working on the HV EV system. Multiple signs should be used and clearly visible.