Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            plest type of PL that  considered as
derivatives of phosphatidic acids and the most abundant lipid in 
cell membrane .
B- Sphingophospholipids: contain sphingosine as an alcohol  & named
Sphingomyelins.
11 
G
L
Y
C
E
R
O
L
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
phosphate
(X)
alcoho
l
[Contain polar part (head) & nonpolar part
(tail)]
O
O
O
P
O
_
Interact with both polar & nonpolar
substances
1. Most abundant lipids in cell membranes
(semipermeable).
2. Combine with less polar TG & cholesterol to make 
them soluble
R-
COOH
R-
COOH
A- Glycerophospholipids
2-Complex lipids
12 
Glycerophospholipids
Form the lipid bilayers of cellular membrane
Structure: Composed of:
1.
Fatty acids: (saturated & unsaturated FA).
2.
Phosphoric acid.
3.
Nitrogenous base: (choline, serine, threonine, or ethanolamine).
4.
Fatty alcohols: (glycerol, inositol or sphingosine).
2-Complex lipids
13 
Glycerophospholipids: the simplest type of PL that  considered 
as derivatives of phosphatidic acids. 
According to the type of  (X) it includes:
1.
Phosphatidic acids: if X-group = H
2.
Lecithins (Phosphatidyl choline): if X-group = choline
3.
Cephalins: if X-group = ethanolamine, serine or threonine.
4.
Inositides/Lipositol/Myoinositol: if X-group = inositol
5.
Phosphatidyl glycerol: if X-group = glycerol
6.
Cardiolipin (DPG): if X-group = phosphatidyl glycerol
7.
Plasmalogens: similar to cephalins but differ in: presence of an ether bond 
instead of esterat C1
2-Complex lipids
14 
1. Essential components of biological membranes &subcellular  
organelles (control the membrane transport)
2. Essential for secretion & transport of plasma LPcomplexes
(prevent fatty liver).
3. Important in digestion & absorption of lipids (micelles
formation) & excretion of cholesterol in the bile.
4. Important role in blood clotting & platelet aggregation
(platelet activating factor is a PL “plasmalogin”).
5. Provide lung alveoli with surfactants that prevent its irreversible  collapse 
(form lung surfactants “dipalmitoyl lecithin”that facilitate  gaseous exchange 
across the membrane)
6. Formation of 2nd messengers (“DAG &PI3”).
7. Source of poly-USFA (arachidonic acid).
8. Major component of myelin sheath ofnerves.
Biological Importance of Phospholipids
2-Complex lipids
15 
}
Sphingosine  
amide:  
“ceramide”
The basic structure is sphingosine
B-Sphingophospholipids
CH
NH2
H2C
OH
It can be considered a  
derivative of C18 FA  (C=18)
HO
CH
CH
CH
(CH2)12
CH3
•Resemble  
glycerol
Sphingosine + FA + N-acyl-FA derivative → Ceramide (found in
the free state in the spleen, liver & red cells)
Usually stearic,  
lignoceric ornervonic  
acid
If X= Phosphocholine →Sphingomyelins
If X= Glucose →Glucosylcerebroside
If X = Complex oligosaccharide →Ganglioside
CH
2
CH3
H3C
(CH2)12
CH
CH
CHOH
O
NH
C
(CH2)n
H C
O
X = H
amide bond 
2-Complex lipids
16 
Definition: lipids contain CHO residues with sphingosine as the 
alcohol & a very long-chain FA (C=24).
Sources: present in cerebral tissue, (e.g.; cerebrosides)
Classificat

            Quiz: