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57. Which type of load can lead to local buckling and shell plating damage? 
a) Slamming
b) Springing
c) Mechanical vibration
d) Slowly-varying loads
58. When a ship experiences hogging, what part of the ship's structure is subjected to tension? 
a) Main deck 
b) Keel & bottom plating 
c) Side plating 
d) Superstructure
59. In which scenario does sagging occur in a ship's structure? 
a) Wave trough amidships 
b) Wave crest amidships 
c) Amidships encounter with a large ship 
d) Bow-on collision
60. What type of load is associated with shock waves and bubble pulses?
a) Slamming
b) UNDEX
c) Springing
d) Mechanical vibration
61. Which type of load can cause whipping in a ship's structure?
a) Slowly-varying loads 
b) Rapidly-varying loads 
c) Stillwater loads 
d) Wave-induced dynamic pressure
62. What is the primary effect of mechanical vibration loads on a ship's structure? 
a) Lateral swaying 
b) Torsional deformation 
c) Vertical heaving 
d) Transverse racking
63. In structural design and comparisons between ships, what does reducing the problem to a 
static one mean?
a) The ship is stationary in still water
b) Dynamic forces are ignored
c) The ship is poised on a wave system for calculations
d) Longitudinal bending is neglected
64. What is the purpose of assuming a simplified wave system for investigating the longitudinal 
bending of a ship? 
a) To simplify the calculation of buoyancy 
b) To simulate extreme wave conditions 
c) To model various wave heights and lengths 
d) To analyze structural failures
65. In the context of the assumed form of a wave system, what does it mean for waves to be 
"long-crested"?
a) The waves have sharp crests 
b) The waves have long troughs 
c) The crests are perpendicular to the ship's motion
d) The waves are aligned with the ship's length
66. How does the length of waves passing the ship affect the buoyancy distribution along the 
ship's length? 
a) Longer waves increase buoyancy distribution
b) Longer waves have no effect on buoyancy distribution
c) Longer waves reduce buoyancy distribution
d) Longer waves cause lateral swaying
67. If waves are very short in length compared to the ship, what effect do they have on the 
buoyancy distribution? 
a) They increase the buoyancy distribution
b) They create significant bending moments
c) They produce small undulations in the still water buoyancy curve
d) They cause the ship to pitch uncontrollably
68. Which type of wave has the maximum effect on buoyancy distribution?
a) Waves with lengths much longer than the ship
b) Waves with lengths much shorter than the ship
c) Waves with lengths equal to the ship's length
d) Waves with lengths equal to half the ship's length
69. How does an increase in wave height affect the bending moment due to buoyancy?
a) It decreases the bending moment
b) It has no effect on the bending moment
c) It increases the bending moment
d) It decreases the ship's stability
70. According to Lloyd’s Register, how does the suggested wave height vary with ship length (L)?
a) h = 1/20 * L 
b) h = 1.1 * L 
c) h = 3.75 * L^0.3 
d) h = L / 3.75
71. What shape of a wave is often considered as a first approximation to a deep sea wave? 
a) Square wave 
b) Sine curve 
c) Sawtooth wave 
d) Trochoid wave
72. What characteristic of a trochoid wave accounts for the sharpness of its crest?
a) Symmetry about the x-axis
b) Symmetry about the y-axis
c) Asymmetry about the x-axis
d) Asymmetry about the y-axis
73. When a wave of length equal to the ship's length moves past the ship, what can influence 
the distribution of buoyancy?
a) The ship's speed 
b) The shape of the ship's bow 
c) The wave's amplitude 
d) The position of the wave relative to the ship
74. In the condition where wave crests are at the perpendiculars of the ship, where is the main 
support provided by buoyancy?
a) Towards the ends of the ship
b) Amidships
c) The ship remains balanced
d) Along the waterline
75. When a ship sags, what is the state of the deck and bottom?
a) Both are in compression
b) Both are in tension
c) Deck is in compression, bottom is in tension
d) Deck is in tension, bottom is in compression
76. How is the buoyancy per length at any section of the ship calculated?
a) Density of the fluid multiplied by the area of the section
b) Area of the section divided by the density of the fluid
c) Density of the fluid divided by the area of the section
d) Area of the section minus the density of the fluid
77. In what condition would the waterline need to be adjusted?
a) When the ship encounters rough seas
b) When the ship is heeling
c) When the ship is sailing at high speed
d) When the ship's displacement and center of gravity need correction
78. The distribution of the ship's weight along its length is more complex than buoyancy 
because:
a) The ship's weight distribution is always uniform 
b) The weight curve is not influenced by the ship's length 
c) The ship's weight follows a simple regular pattern 
d) The weight distribution includes various factors and types of material
79. What are the two main categories of ship weight that contribute to the total weight?
a) Deadweight and ballast 
b) Continuous material and concentrated material 
c) Lightweight and heavy material 
d) Hull weight and cargo weight
80. Semi-concentrated material refers to items whose weights are: 
a) Uniformly distributed over the ship's length 
b) Distributed evenly over a short portion of the length
c) Distributed evenly over the entire length 
d) Concentrated in the midsection of the ship
81. When calculating the weight distribution, how can the weight of a semi-concentrated item 
with varying cross-section be accounted for?
a) Assume the weight is concentrated at one end of the item
b) Assume the weight is concentrated at the center of length 
c) Assume a trapezoidal distribution of weight along the length 
d) Ignore the weight of semi-concentrated items in calculations
82. The weight curve can be generated using various methods. Which method involves 
assuming a trapezoidal distribution of weight?
a) Parabolic approximation 
b) Distinct items method 
c) Biles method 
d) Trapezoidal approximation