on the basis of below paras write me a research methodology  in more appealing coherent and polished academic language using literary jargon and complex vocabulary and sentence structures, including varied punctuation and transition words and Tone must be in active voice (present tense), informative and authoritative and writing style is coherent, consistent, and organized and frequent terms of critics are used and sentences are logically structured to create a clear and progressive flow of ideas                                  The North-eastern insurgency in India and the Bangladesh war of Independence (1971), which resulted in the separation of East Pakistan from West Pakistan, are considered two of the most devastating occurrences in South Asia, causing countless fatalities and incalculable losses in property. Since India’s independence in 1947, the North-east region has been plagued by a proliferation of separatist conflicts and violent uprisings. Although the motives and objectives behind these movements have evolved over time, the pursuit of a unified homeland has consistently remained a ubiquitous motif unifying them. Similarly, a series of egregious and prejudicial practices inflicted by West Pakistan on East Pakistan catalysed the latter’s aspiration for autonomy, culminating in a tumultuous struggle against its authoritarian rule. However, what remains unaddressed in these overarching narratives are the perspectives of those who lived or who live through the conflict: families, rebels, and marginalized groups such as women and children. A deeper understanding of war and insurgency can only be achieved by examining these voices, which are often ignored by the mainstream media. Therefore, this paper aims to critically analyze two literary works that provide perspectives from all crucial stakeholder groups, exploring themes of conflict, autonomy, accountability, and sacrifice. By examining familial bonds, affection, obligation, cultural hegemony, ethnicity, and the integrity of both the rebels and the oppressors, this study seeks to conduct a comparative analysis of these texts, building upon the premise that they offer unique insights into the complex nature of these events.
Keywords: Insurgency, War and Freedom, Family, Love and duty, Identity, Otherness, Academia, Trauma.
 Introduction
Covering nearly an area of 2,62,179 km2, North-east India comprises the seven contiguous states of Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh, besides a new inclusion in the form of Sikkim. The region shares an international border with countries like China, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, and Bhutan. It is connected to mainland India via a narrow passage called “chicken neck.” The region is home to a diverse range of ethnic groups that immigrated or migrated to North-east India from various locations and at different time periods. Because these communities belong to distinct racial groups, speak different languages, and practice diverse customs and traditions, the region has become a melting pot of ethnic nationalities.
Since India’s independence in 1947, many separatist and insurgency-related conflicts and bloodshed have plagued North-east India. Although the insurgent movements in North-east India have evolved for various reasons and objectives, such as the lack of economic development, sense of isolation, deprivation and exploitation, demographic changes, external support and internal displacement, “the construction of a homeland” has, however, remained a common theme that unites them all. (Khamrang, 2015, pp. 104) These insurgent or sub-national movements are a reaction to the Indian State’s hegemonic and oppressive stance in its persistent attempts to fuse its borders with the ethnic groups in India’s North-east. Indian State views them as a single, homogenous group with the same problems and needs as the people of mainland India, without any regard for and proper consideration of regional customs, culture, history, language, traditions, family, society, religion, race, and class. The State seeks to “increase the legitimacy of the system by providing unifying symbols, histories and purpose, thereby, attempting to fuse the notions of a single nation, State and homeland.” (Ahmed, 2009, pp. 7) 
Nonetheless, despite the State’s mechanism of restructuring social space as national territory, North-east people continue to have a strong commitment to the concept of a homeland, as demonstrated by their valiant struggle, which derived its legacy from a multi-ethnic region where people felt that their identity would be at stake once mainstreamed. In this context, Chatterjee attempts to undermine Indian nationalism’s uniting ideal and contends that there are several “coexisting national voices, or “fragments,” including those of women, peasants, the elite, castes, and outcasts,” each with their own discourses. (Ahmed, 2009, pp. 35) This is why civil societies and insurgents in North-east jointly challenge the concept of Indian nationhood, using the pre-independence era as a point of comparison, when many parts of the region were independent under various forms of governance. (Khamrang, 2015, pp. 104) Even a deep sense of allegiance to protect their culture, maintain their dominance over other groups, and preserve their own unique identity runs through each of these groups, leading to even more severe ethnic confrontations.
Scholars and political scientists have adopted different approaches and perspectives to analyze and decode the North-eastern insurgency conflict. A group of scholars like T.S Murthy in Assam: The Difficult Years- A Study of Political Developments in 1979-1983 (1983), Amalendu Guha in Planter Raj to Swaraj: Freedom Struggle and Electoral Politics in Assam 1826-1947 (1977) and Hiren Gohain’s Assam: A Burning Question (1985) shed light on the theme of insurgency by taking into account the migratory flow of the people from different parts of India and neighboring countries into Assam as a result of British colonialism. Their extensive scholarship highlights the genesis of British colonialism in India as the main reason for the migratory flux, which essentially gave these tribal communities’ feeling of communal identity its initial push. The demand caused by a severe labor shortage in British Assam brought an unabated flow of migrants from Bengal, and other adjoining areas into it, instilling in the locals fear of becoming marginalized in their own homeland. This fear of getting marginalized in their own homeland contributed to forming a new identity among these different ethnic groups, culminating in insurgency movements and ethnic wars.
Sanjib Baruah, among others, concentrates on the politics of language as the motivating factor behind these insurgency and ethnic movements in North-east India. The superimposing of the Bengali language on the indigenous people fractured the very fabric of multicultural society. With time, the native population developed anti-Bengali feelings since they saw the migrants as controlling every element and area of their lives, including social, cultural, economic, and political ones. Later, these movements came to be characterized by their battle for the recognition of the local languages and their dialects. In this context, Udayon Misra (2014) writes that the “growth of Assamese nationalism has been inextricably tied up with the question of official recognition of the Assamese language.” (173)
Marxist researchers, on the other hand, believe that the conflict is caused by a lack of development and class divisions brought about by the union government’s colonialist practices. They place the North-east conflict in the context of “elites already placed within rigidly defined ethnic groups,” each attempting to sway “political and institutional” structures in favor of themselves to further “prosperity and development.” (Ahmed, 2009, pp. 32)
Fiction writers and poets of the region have also addressed a broad range of topics, including immigration, alienation and uncertainty, racial conflicts, violence, identity crises, and political and economic concerns. The substance in their works may vary, but the tone of conflict stays consistent. In addition to attempting to write back to the mainstream from the margins, authors from North-east India also use their literary endeavors to write into the collective consciousness of their homeland. (Kakoti, 2021)
A close look at the studies and approaches adopted on the Northeast insurgency mentioned above shows that they explore these conflicts from a historical, linguistic, class, political and economic point of view, building the facts and statistics and thereby commemorating many occurrences related to it. Undoubtedly, these components are crucial to defining the identity of these rising insurgent groups. However, this approach has restricted the domain of North-eastern insurgency to these dichotomies and has left a wide array of unanswered questions. What is missing in the conception of the North-east from the narratives of the region are the individual voices—the voices of families, rebels (insurgent groups), and other stakeholders like women and children. How is war and insurgency perceived by these rebels and other associated oppressed groups is what brings to the fore hidden dimensions of it. The stories of these people “need to be told to a larger audience because these are the people who the mainstream media have ignored.” (Desai, 2020) Therefore, I have chosen this offbeat narrative, How to tell the story of an Insurgency (2020) by Aruni Kashyap, to look at this problem from multiple angles simultaneously.
Originally written in Assamese, Bodo, and English, How to tell the story of an Insurgency (2020) is a collection of fifteen stories compiled and edited by Aruni Kashyap, one of the prominent figures in Assamese literature. The stories taking insurgency in North-east India as their background “attempt to humanize the longstanding, bloody conflict that the rest of India knows of only through facts and figures or reports in newspapers and on television channels.” (Kashyap, 2020) They narrate and address the political and ethnic turmoil that has been going on in North-east India since colonial times. The stories explore themes of love, family, home, insurgency, freedom, sacrifice, and self-identity not only from the perspective of an insurgent but also from the perspectives of parents, police officers, siblings, and children, adding varied dimensions and contributing to the text’s authenticity and credibility. The narrative focuses on Individual stories and their interactions with their surroundings. The stories in the text are “deeply human.” (Desai, 2020)
Similarly, a closer examination of East Pakistan's (present-day Bangladesh) battle for independence in 1971 reveals some causal components comparable to those seen in the North-eastern insurgency. Following the partition of India into India and Pakistan in 1947, East Pakistan, a region mainly dominated by Muslims, was added to Pakistan's territory. As a result, Pakistan was created from two domains with a majority of Muslims: one in the East, known as East-Pakistan, and another in the West, known as West-Pakistan, separated in between by the vast Indian territory. But as time went on, tensions between the two sides grew as the West started to treat the East like a colony, even though the two regions were carved out on the same theological lines. The clammy and stepmotherly attitude of West Pakistan towards East Pakistan got so pronounced that it ended in the East side starting a full-fledged campaign against the West and obtaining independence from it in the form of the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
The administration, which was located in the West, severely exploited the economic situation in East Pakistan. Even though the Eastern side had a more significant share of the revenue creation than the Western side, there was an unequal allocation of resources between the two areas. Its resources were depleted and used in the West for development. Additionally, East Pakistanis had a minuscule representation in administration and governance. The representation was sculpted to suit the western elites, who left no stone unturned in committing crimes against the Eastern people. The people on the Eastern side were not regarded as qualified for higher government positions, which shattered their self-esteem and pride.
Second, the central government’s (West-Pakistan) decision to make Urdu the official language of Pakistan sounded the death knell for East Pakistanis, who feared the destruction of their own culture and language, Bengali. They realized that if they did not protect their culture and language against the attack of the West Pakistan administration, they would perish. Therefore, it was this “continuous political, economic, and social exploitation that took part before East-Pakistan (Bangladesh) could achieve its independence.” (EFSAS) However, like North-east Insurgency narratives, all Bangladesh independence narratives lack the voice of an individual being. The individual voice’s ability to shed light on the intricacies and problems of life in that troubled environment is primarily unknown. Therefore, the other text I have chosen to analyze the Bangladesh War of Independence Vis-à-vis Northern insurgency is Tahmima Anam’s novel A Golden Age (2007).
Tahmima Anam’s novel A Golden Age, set in the 1971 Bangladesh war of Independence, dwells on universal themes such as love, family, emotions, sacrifice, violence and turmoil, self-identity, and otherness. The novel tackles the meaning and spirit of revolution, the unfairness of oppression, and how people must make decisions in uncertain times via the examination of its characters. The story told from the perspective of a woman, Rehana Haque, presents the protagonist’s selfless love and devotion for her children as paramount and something for which she will go to any length to keep her family safe during wartime.
Both works honor the spirits of freedom and self-sacrifice while dealing with two distinct historical episodes in South Asia. They represent and encapsulate the actual society and outlook of the era. Hence based on the idea that the two texts discuss war, the concept of freedom, responsibility, and sacrifice, the present paper will seek to make a comparative study of the texts by employing the notions of family, love, duty, cultural domination, ethnicity, and integrity of the rebels and the oppressors.