Create a teaching outline for the stuff below that I can put in my powerpoints or use to to teach through my powerpoitns? Thanks. Please don't include any physical experiments as I live in a low socio-economic area, suggest digital alternatives from PhET and Chem Collective.
List of Virtual Labs:
Stoichiometry
The Mole, Molarity, and Density
Glucose Dilution ProblemIn this activity, students use the virtual lab to create a 0.025M glucose solution from a standard 1M glucose solution. First, they calculate the correct volumes of 1M glucose solution and water to mix together…Get Info Go
Acid Dilution ProblemIn this activity, students use the virtual lab to create 500mL of 3M HCl solution from a concentrated stock solution of 11.6M HCl. They must first calculate the correct volumes of 11.6M HCl solution and water to…Get Info Go
Cola and Sucrose Concentration ProblemIn this activity, students use the virtual lab to prepare a sucrose solution for a soda recipe. They next calculate the concentration of their solution in terms of molarity, percent mass and density. Finally, they…Get Info Go
Making Stock Solutions from SolidsIn this activity, students use the virtual lab to create stock solutions starting from solid salts. Students must first calculate the correct amount of solid to make the solution. Next, they prepare the solution…Get Info Go
Identifying the Unknown Metal (Metals Density Problem)In this activity, students use the virtual lab to identify an unknown metal by measuring its density and comparing their measurements to the densities of known metals.Get Info Go
Identifying an Unknown Liquid from its DensityIn this activity students use the virtual lab to design an experiment to determine the identity of mislabeled bottles using the densities of the solutions inside.Get Info Go
Alcohol Density ProblemDetermine the concentration of an alcohol solution from its density.Get Info Go
Reaction Stoichiometry and Limiting Reagents
Gravimetric Determination of ArsenicSet in the context of ground water contamination in Bangladesh, this stoichiometry and analytical chemistry activity examines the issues around identifying wells contaminated with arsenic. (Part of a larger online…Get Info Go
Determining Stoichiometric CoefficientsIn this activity, students use the virtual lab to determine how 4 unknown substances react with each other including their stoichiometric coefficients.Get Info Go
Stoichiometry and Solution Preparation ProblemIn this limiting reagents problem, students mix together solutions in different ratios in an attempt to produce a final solution that contains only 1 product.Get Info Go
Textbook Style Limiting Reagents ProblemsTextbook-style practice limiting reagent exercises with that can be used as a way to "predict and check" your answers using the virtual lab.Get Info Go
Textbook Style Limiting Reagents Problem IIIn this activity, students practice with experiments involving limiting reagents and the test their knowledge to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.Get Info Go
Predicting DNA ConcentrationIn this limiting reagents problem, students are given specific concentrations of DNA solutions and are asked to predict what products and reactants will remain after a specific volumes are mixed and reaction has…Get Info Go
Unknown Concentration of DNA Solution ProblemIn this advanced limiting reagent problem, students use the virtual lab to determine the concentration of a solution of DNA by reacting it with known amounts of a fluorescent dye which binds to the DNA.Get Info Go
Thermochemistry
Energy and Enthalpy
Camping Problem IIn this part of the MRE scenario, students measure the enthalpy of a reaction.Get Info Go
Camping Problem IIIn this part of the MRE scenario, students determine change in the enthalpy of a reaction as the concentration of reactants are varied.Get Info Go
ATP Reaction (Thermochemistry and Bonding)Determine the enthalpy of the ATP reaction.Get Info Go
Determining the Heat of Reaction in Aqueous SolutionIn this activity, students perform an experiment to determine the heat of a reaction.Get Info Go
Coffee ProblemUse the virtual lab to determine how much milk to add to hot coffee to reach the desired temperatureGet Info Go
Measuring the heat capacity of an engine coolant.As an analytical chemist at a company developing new engine coolants your task is to determine the heat capacity of a newly developed product and then to determine if its heat capacity is greater of less than that…Get Info Go
Measuring the heat capacity of an engine coolant II (Advanced version)Measure and compare the heat capacity of an unknown liquid with an unknown density.Get Info Go
Camping Problem IIIIn this part of the MRE scenario, students create solutions that when mixed, increase to a certain temperature.Get Info Go
Heats of Reaction - Hess' LawThis activity provides a demonstration of Hess' Law using three reactions: the solubility NaOH in water, the solubility NaOH in HCl and the reaction of a solution of HCl and a solution of NaOH.Get Info Go
Equilibrium
LeChatlier's Principle
Cobalt Chloride and LeChatlier’s PrincipleIn this activity, students safely explore the equilibrium reaction of the cobalt chloride reaction.Get Info Go
Equilibrium Calculations
DNA Binding ProblemIn this activity, students explore equilibrium constants in biochemical systems by measuring the binding constant of a DNA-Dye reaction.Get Info Go
Acid-Base Chemistry
Strong Acids and Bases
Strong Acid and Base ProblemsTextbook-style strong acid and base problems that can be checked using the Virtual Lab.Get Info Go
Determination of the pH Scale by the Method of Successive DilutionsThis activity was created as an accompaniment to an in-class demonstration of the method of successive dilutions using HCl, NaOH, a pH meter, and universal indicator solution. After the demonstration, students…Get Info Go
Weak Acids and Bases
Weak Acid and Base ProblemsTextbook-style weak acid and base problems that can be checked using the Virtual Lab.Get Info Go
Determining the pKa and Concentration Ratio of a Protein in SolutionUse the virtual lab to determine the pKa of a protein then create a buffer solution with a specific concentration ratio of the protein in its protonated/ unprotonated form.Get Info Go
Unknown Acid and Base ProblemIn this exercise, students graph the titration curve of an unknown acid and base to determine their pKa’s and concentrations.Get Info Go
Buffer Solutions
Creating a Buffer SolutionAn exercise to design a buffer solution with specific properties.Get Info Go
DNA - Dye Binding: Equilibrium and Buffer SolutionsStudents examine equilibrium and buffer solutions in a biological setting.Get Info Go
Determining the pKa and Concentration Ratio of a Protein in SolutionUse the virtual lab to determine the pKa of a protein then create a buffer solution with a specific concentration ratio of the protein in its protonated/ unprotonated form.Get Info Go
Acid/Base Titrations
Standardization of NaOH with a KHP solution: Acid Base TitrationUse the Virtual Laboratory to standardize an unknown NaOH solution (approximately 0.2M) to four significant figures via titration with 25.00 mL of a KHP standard solution.Get Info Go
Solubility
Solubility Product
Determining the Solubility ProductDetermine the solubility product constatnt (Ksp) for various solids.Get Info Go
Temperature and the Solubility of SaltsExamine the solubilities of salts based on temperature.Get Info Go
Determining the solubility of copper chloride at different temperaturesGIven the solubility of CuCl at 2 different temperatures, predict its solubility at a third temperature. Then test your prediction by creating the solution in the virtual labGet Info Go
Oxidation/Reduction and Electrochemistry
Standard Reduction Potentials
Exploring Oxidation-Reduction ReactionsDesign an experiment to order Cu, Mg, Zn and Pb from strongest to weakest reducing agent.Get Info Go
Analytical Chemistry/Lab Techniques
Acid/Base Titrations
Standardization of NaOH with a KHP solution: Acid Base TitrationUse the Virtual Laboratory to standardize an unknown NaOH solution (approximately 0.2M) to four significant figures via titration with 25.00 mL of a KHP standard solution.Get Info Go
Gravimetric Analysis
Unknown Silver ChlorideDetermine the concentration of Silver ion in a Silver Nitrate solution using gravimetric analysis
Density
Build a Molecule
Diffusion
Gas Properties
Energy Forms and Changes
Coulomb's Law
Molecule Polarity
States of Matter: Basics
States of Matter
Atomic Interactions
Rutherford Scattering
Isotopes and Atomic Mass
Molecules and Light
Molecule Shapes
Molecule Shapes: Basics
Reactants, Products and Leftovers
Wave on a String
pH Scale
Balancing Chemical Equations
Acid-Base Solutions
Concentration
Balloons and Static Electricity
Beer's Law Lab
Molarity
Build an Atom
Stuff:
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING SPQ-1 The mole allows different units to be compared. LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE SPQ-1.A Calculate quantities of a substance or its relative number of particles using dimensional analysis and the mole concept. SPQ-1.A.1 One cannot count particles directly while performing laboratory work. Thus, there must be a connection between the masses of substances reacting and the actual number of particles undergoing chemical changes. SPQ-1.A.2 Avogadro’s number (N = 6.022 × 1023 mol−1 A ) provides the connection between the number of moles in a pure sample of a substance and the number of constituent particles (or formula units) of that substance. SPQ-1.A.3 Expressing the mass of an individual atom or molecule in atomic mass units (amu) is useful because the average mass in amu of one particle (atom or molecule) or formula unit of a substance will always be numerically equal to the molar mass of that substance in grams. Thus, there is a quantitative connection between the mass of a substance and the number of particles that the substance contains. EQN: n = m/M
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING SPQ-1 The mole allows different units to be compared. LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE SPQ-1.B Explain the quantitative relationship between the mass spectrum of an element and the masses of the element’s isotopes. SPQ-1.B.1 The mass spectrum of a sample containing a single element can be used to determine the identity of the isotopes of that element and the relative abundance of each isotope in nature. SPQ-1.B.2 The average atomic mass of an element can be estimated from the weighted average of the isotopic masses using the mass of each isotope and its relative abundance. X INTERPRETING MASS SPECTRA Interpreting mass spectra of samples containing multiple elements or peaks arising from species other than singly charged monatomic ions will not be assessed on the AP Exam.
TOPIC 1.3
Elemental
Composition of
Pure Substances
Required Course Content
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
SPQ-2
Chemical formulas identify substances by their unique combination of atoms.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
SPQ-2.A
Explain the quantitative
relationship between the
elemental composition by
mass and the empirical
formula of a pure substance.
SPQ-2.A.1
Some pure substances are composed of
individual molecules, while others consist
of atoms or ions held together in fixed
proportions as described by a formula unit.
SPQ-2.A.2
According to the law of definite proportions,
the ratio of the masses of the constituent
elements in any pure sample of that compound
is always the same.
SPQ-2.A.3
The chemical formula that lists the lowest
whole number ratio of atoms of the elements in
a compound is the empirical formula.
TOPIC 1.4
Composition
of Mixtures
Required Course Content
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
SPQ-2
Chemical formulas identify substances by their unique combination of atoms.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
SPQ-2.B
Explain the quantitative
relationship between the
elemental composition by
mass and the composition of
substances in a mixture.
SPQ-2.B.1
While pure substances contain molecules or
formula units of a single type, mixtures contain
molecules or formula units of two or more
types, whose relative proportions can vary.
SPQ-2.B.2
Elemental analysis can be used to determine
the relative numbers of atoms in a substance
and to determine its purity.
TOPIC 1.5
Atomic Structure and
Electron Configuration
Required Course Content
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
SAP-1
Atoms and molecules can be identified by their electron distribution and energy.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
SAP-1.A
Represent the electron
configuration of an element
or ions of an element using
the Aufbau principle.
SAP-1.A.1
The atom is composed of negatively charged
electrons and a positively charged nucleus that
is made of protons and neutrons.
SAP-1.A.2
Coulomb’s law is used to calculate the force
between two charged particles.
EQN: Fcoulombic ∝ q1
q2
r2
SAP-1.A.3
In atoms and ions, the electrons can be thought
of as being in “shells (energy levels)” and
“subshells (sublevels),” as described by the
electron configuration. Inner electrons are called
core electrons, and outer electrons are called
valence electrons. The electron configuration is
explained by quantum mechanics, as delineated
in the Aufbau principle and exemplified in the
periodic table of the elements.
X THE ASSIGNMENT OF QUANTUM NUMBERS
TO ELECTRONS IN SUBSHELLS OF AN
ATOM WILL NOT BE ASSESSED ON THE
AP EXAM.
Rationale: Assignment of quantum numbers
to electrons in specific subshells does not
increase students’ understanding of the
structure of the atom.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
SAP-1.A.4
The relative energy required to remove an
electron from different subshells of an atom or
ion or from the same subshell in different atoms
or ions (ionization energy) can be estimated
through a qualitative application of Coulomb’s
law. This energy is related to the distance from
the nucleus and the effective (shield) charge of
the nucleus
TOPIC 1.6
Photoelectron
Spectroscopy
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
SAP-1
Atoms and molecules can be identified by their electron distribution and energy.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
SAP-1.B
Explain the relationship
between the photoelectron
spectrum of an atom or
ion and:
a. The electron configuration
of the species.
b. The interactions
between the electrons
and the nucleus.
SAP-1.B.1
The energies of the electrons in a given
shell can be measured experimentally with
photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). The
position of each peak in the PES spectrum is
related to the energy required to remove an
electron from the corresponding subshell, and
the height of each peak is (ideally) proportional
to the number of electrons in that subshell.
TOPIC 1.7
Periodic Trends
Required Course Content
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
SAP-2
The periodic table shows patterns in electronic structure and trends in
atomic properties.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
SAP-2.A
Explain the relationship
between trends in atomic
properties of elements and
electronic structure
and periodicity.
SAP-2.A.1
The organization of the periodic table is based
on the recurring properties of the elements and
explained by the pattern of electron configurations
and the presence of completely or partially filled
shells (and subshells) of electrons in atoms.
X WRITING THE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
OF ELEMENTS THAT ARE EXCEPTIONS
TO THE AUFBAU PRINCIPLE WILL NOT BE
ASSESSED ON THE AP EXAM.
Rationale: The mere rote recall of the
exceptions does not match the goals of the
curriculum revision.
SAP-2.A.2
Trends in atomic properties within the
periodic table (periodicity) can be qualitatively
understood through the position of the element
in the periodic table, Coulomb’s law, the shell
model, and the concept of shielding/effective
nuclear charge. These properties include:
a. Ionization energy
b. Atomic and ionic radii
c. Electron affinity
d. Electronegativity.
SAP-2.A.3
The periodicity (in SAP-2.A.2) is useful to
predict /estimate values of properties in the
absence of data.
TOPIC 1.8
Valence Electrons and
Ionic Compounds
Required Course Content
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
SAP-2
The periodic table shows patterns in electronic structure and trends in
atomic properties.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
SAP-2.B
Explain the relationship
between trends in the
reactivity of elements
and periodicity.
SAP-2.B.1
The likelihood that two elements will form
a chemical bond is determined by the
interactions between the valence electrons
and nuclei of elements.
SAP-2.B.2
Elements in the same column of the periodic
table tend to form analogous compounds.
SAP-2.B.3
Typical charges of atoms in ionic compounds
are governed by their location on the periodic
table and the number of valence electrons.