[{"question":"A 45-year-old man presents with difficulty swallowing and hoarseness of voice following thyroid surgery. Examination reveals loss of sensation in the laryngeal mucosa above the vocal cords. Which nerve is most likely injured?","options":["Recurrent laryngeal nerve","Internal laryngeal nerve","External laryngeal nerve","Glossopharyngeal nerve"],"answer":"Internal laryngeal nerve"},{"question":"A patient with a stab wound to the posterior triangle of the neck exhibits winging of the scapula when pushing against a wall. Which nerve is most likely damaged?","options":["Long thoracic nerve","Dorsal scapular nerve","Spinal accessory nerve","Suprascapular nerve"],"answer":"Spinal accessory nerve"},{"question":"During coronary bypass surgery, the surgeon needs to access the lesser sac. Which ligament must be incised to enter the lesser sac from the greater sac?","options":["Hepatoduodenal ligament","Gastrocolic ligament","Falciform ligament","Gastrosplenic ligament"],"answer":"Gastrocolic ligament"},{"question":"A 60-year-old woman presents with pulsatile abdominal mass and a bruit on auscultation just left of the midline. An aneurysm of which artery is most likely present?","options":["Superior mesenteric artery","Abdominal aorta","Left renal artery","Inferior mesenteric artery"],"answer":"Abdominal aorta"},{"question":"A man experiences loss of dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot following a fracture of the fibular neck. Which nerve is injured?","options":["Tibial nerve","Common fibular (peroneal) nerve","Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve","Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve"],"answer":"Common fibular (peroneal) nerve"},{"question":"In a traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation, which nerve is most at risk of injury, potentially leading to loss of deltoid muscle function?","options":["Radial nerve","Axillary nerve","Musculocutaneous nerve","Median nerve"],"answer":"Axillary nerve"},{"question":"A patient with an intracranial hemorrhage affecting the lateral aspect of the primary motor cortex is likely to have motor deficits in which area?","options":["Contralateral lower limb","Contralateral upper limb and face","Ipsilateral upper limb","Ipsilateral lower limb"],"answer":"Contralateral upper limb and face"},{"question":"A surgeon ligates the uterine artery during hysterectomy. Which structure is most at risk of accidental injury due to its close proximity?","options":["Ovarian artery","Ureter","Round ligament of the uterus","Internal iliac vein"],"answer":"Ureter"},{"question":"Damage to which part of the brachial plexus is most likely to result in 'waiter's tip' deformity?","options":["Upper trunk (C5-C6 roots)","Lower trunk (C8-T1 roots)","Posterior cord","Lateral cord"],"answer":"Upper trunk (C5-C6 roots)"},{"question":"A patient is unable to flex the distal interphalangeal joint of the ring finger due to nerve injury. Which nerve supplies the affected muscle?","options":["Median nerve","Ulnar nerve","Radial nerve","Anterior interosseous nerve"],"answer":"Ulnar nerve"},{"question":"An injury to the medial epicondyle of the humerus is most likely to damage which nerve?","options":["Median nerve","Ulnar nerve","Radial nerve","Musculocutaneous nerve"],"answer":"Ulnar nerve"},{"question":"Compression of which cranial nerve within the cavernous sinus can lead to ophthalmoplegia and loss of corneal reflex?","options":["Oculomotor nerve (CN III)","Trochlear nerve (CN IV)","Abducens nerve (CN VI)","Trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic division, CN V1)"],"answer":"Oculomotor nerve (CN III)"},{"question":"A herniation of the L4-L5 intervertebral disc is most likely to compress which spinal nerve root?","options":["L4 nerve root","L5 nerve root","S1 nerve root","L3 nerve root"],"answer":"L5 nerve root"},{"question":"In an emergency tracheostomy, an incision is made through the cricothyroid membrane. Which structure is located just inferior to this membrane?","options":["Thyroid cartilage","Cricoid cartilage","Isthmus of the thyroid gland","Hyoid bone"],"answer":"Cricoid cartilage"},{"question":"A lesion of the right optic tract would result in which visual field defect?","options":["Bilateral hemianopia","Left homonymous hemianopia","Right homonymous hemianopia","Left superior quadrantanopia"],"answer":"Left homonymous hemianopia"},{"question":"Which artery is a direct branch of the external carotid artery and supplies the tongue?","options":["Lingual artery","Facial artery","Maxillary artery","Superior thyroid artery"],"answer":"Lingual artery"},{"question":"The inability to abduct the eye indicates damage to which cranial nerve?","options":["Oculomotor nerve (CN III)","Trochlear nerve (CN IV)","Abducens nerve (CN VI)","Optic nerve (CN II)"],"answer":"Abducens nerve (CN VI)"},{"question":"Fracture of the humeral shaft may injure which nerve, leading to wrist drop?","options":["Median nerve","Radial nerve","Ulnar nerve","Axillary nerve"],"answer":"Radial nerve"},{"question":"An epidural hematoma is most commonly associated with laceration of which artery?","options":["Middle meningeal artery","Anterior cerebral artery","Bridging veins","Basilar artery"],"answer":"Middle meningeal artery"},{"question":"Damage to the arcuate fasciculus in the dominant hemisphere results in which type of aphasia?","options":["Broca's aphasia","Wernicke's aphasia","Conduction aphasia","Global aphasia"],"answer":"Conduction aphasia"}]