Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
             good oral hygiene & denture care. 
 Advise to stop smoke. 
XII. Psychological changes in elderly: 
Most elderly people seem to be most vulnerable to psychological 
dysfunction 
when they experience change. 
 Affective function refers to the mood, emotions (such as happiness, sadness, 
fear, pain, anger, and confusion). 
 Cognitive function refers to memory, learning, and intelligence. Cognitive 
and affective functioning affects the person’s self-esteem. 
A. Affective functioning: 
 It is influenced by the way an individual views the world and self.  
A positive 
view of self and surrounding environment promotes positive expression of 
mood and emotions. 
1) Self-esteem: It is positive view of self-promotes health and enables the 
person to cope better with the changes and challenges of growing older. 
2) Personality: The basic personality does not change as a result of aging 
process. The personality will be consistent with that of earlier years. 
3) Depression: Depression occurs 16-65% of elders living in the 
community. 
Depression including: sleep disturbance, lake of interest, feelings of guilt, lack 
of energy, decreased concentration and, loss of appetite. Losses can lead to 
depression. 
B. Cognitive functioning: 
Intelligence, learning, attention and memory are all related to cognitive 
functioning. 
1- Intelligence: Intelligence is a mental alertness and includes the ability to learn 
new material, make wise decisions, and deal with stressful situation. 
Intelligence does not become less with age. IQ test performance of older 
adults may be hindered because of sensory deficits or the stress of being 
tested. These factors must be considered when assessing. 
2- Memory: Recent memory is defined as a recall of items learned more than a 
few minutes earlier, e.g. the day's new events, what was eaten for breakfast, 
the date. Remote memory is defined as a recall of items learned many years 
 
Content 
 
~ 24 ~ 
earlier, e.g. the dates of wars, names of presidents, remote memory does not 
experience significant change with age. 
3- Learning: 
 Learning is the acquisition of new knowledge or skills. 
 The ability of the mind to learn and retain new information remains 
unaltered, particularly when mind is stimulated through regular use. 
 The ability to solve complex problems decline with age. Hearing and visual 
deficits related to aging process can affect learning. 
4- Attention span:  
 There is decrease in attention span for longer than 45 minutes. 
 The elderly is more liable to distract attention by irrelevant information and 
stimuli. 
 Deficits in attention may affect learning and memory. 
A. 
 Social Concerns 
 Many social changes which occur with increasing age are associated with loss. 
Increased stress from multiple losses (e.g. spouse, friends, family, income, 
health, home, independence). 
1- Retirement: A change in work role comes with retirement. It 
changes the 
way time is managed and daily activities are carried o

            Quiz: