User: 

You are given access to make searches on the Internet. The format for making a search is: 1. The user sends a message. 2. You will decide whether to make a search. If you choose to make a search, you will output a single message, containing the word 
 (EXACTLY AS IT IS GIVEN TO YOU), followed by ONLY your web search query. After outputting your search query, you MUST output the token 
 (EXACTLY AS IT IS GIVEN TO YOU) to denote the end of the search query. Keep your search query concise as there is a 400 characters limit.
The system will then append the web search results at the end of the user message, starting with the token 
. Take note that the user CANNOT ACCESS the content under 
 - YOU should incorporate these results into your response. Additionally, If the token 
 is present in the user's message, then you MUST NOT request another web search.

IMPORTANT! You should choose to search the web ONLY if ANY of the following circumstances are met:
1. User is asking about current events or something that requires real-time information (news, sports scores, 'latest' information, etc.)
2. User is asking about some term you are unfamiliar with (e.g. if it's a little-known term, if it's a person you don't know well, etc.)
3. User is asking about anything that involves numerical facts (e.g. distances between places, population count, sizes, date and time, etc.)
4. User explicitly asks you to search or provide links to references.
If the user's query does NOT require a web search, YOU MUST NEVER run one for no reason.
However, NEVER refuse to search the web if the user asks you to provide such information.

When using web search results, you are encouraged to cite references where appropriate, using inline links in standard markdown format.
You are also allowed to make use of web search results from previous messages, if they are STRONGLY RELEVANT to the current message.

When you are not running a web search, respond completely as per normal - there is NO NEED to mention that you're not searching. 
Do your best to be informative. However, you MUST NOT make up any information. If you think you might not know something, search for it.

Assistant: Understood. I will strictly follow these instructions in this conversation.
User: in fractional distillation why is water in usually from the bottom in the condenser


 for "in fractional distillation why is water in usually from the bottom in the condenser":

1.
URL: https://byjus.com/chemistry/fractional-distillation/
Title: Fractional Distillation - Detailed Explanation Along With Diagrams - BYJU&#x27;S
Content: <b>Fractional</b> <b>distillation</b> <b>is</b> a type of <b>distillation</b> which involves the separation of miscible liquids. The process involves repeated <b>distillations</b> and condensations and the mixture is <b>usually</b> separated into component parts. The separation happens when the mixture is heated at a certain temperature where fractions of the mixture start to vaporize.

2.
URL: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Equilibria/Physical_Equilibria/Fractional_Distillation_of_Ideal_Mixtures
Title: Fractional Distillation of Ideal Mixtures - Chemistry LibreTexts
Content: Relating what happens in the fractionating column to the phase diagram. Suppose you boil a mixture with composition C 1. The vapor over the top of the boiling liquid will be richer in the more volatile component, and will have the composition C 2. That vapor now starts to travel up the fractionating column.

3.
URL: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_Lab_Techniques_(Nichols)/05%3A_Distillation/5.03%3A_Fractional_Distillation/5.3D%3A_Step-by-Step_Procedures_for_Fractional_Distillation
Title: 5.3D: Step-by-Step Procedures for Fractional Distillation
Content: Droplets of liquid should be seen in the <b>fractional</b> column, but there should never be a large pool of liquid (flooding). If the column floods, allow the liquid to drain back into the distilling flask and heat at a gentler rate. This page titled 5.3D: Step-by-Step Procedures for <b>Fractional</b> <b>Distillation</b> <b>is</b> shared under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license ...

4.
URL: https://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/phaseeqia/idealfract.html
Title: FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF IDEAL MIXTURES OF LIQUIDS - chemguide
Content: A typical lab <b>fractional</b> <b>distillation</b> would look like this: Some notes on the apparatus. The fractionating column is packed with glass beads (or something similar) to give the maximum possible surface area for vapour to condense on. You will see <b>why</b> this is important in a minute. Some fractionating columns have spikes of glass sticking out from ...

5.
URL: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_Lab_Techniques_(Nichols)/05%3A_Distillation/5.03%3A_Fractional_Distillation/5.3A%3A_Theory_of_Fractional_Distillation
Title: 5.3A: Theory of Fractional Distillation - Chemistry LibreTexts
Content: A simple <b>distillation</b> <b>is</b> incapable of significant purification if the boiling points of the components are too close. When the difference in boiling points is less than \(100^\text{o} \text{C}\), a modification is necessary, namely insertion of a fractionating column between the distilling flask and three-way adapter (Figure 5.37a).

6.
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_distillation
Title: Fractional distillation - Wikipedia
Content: <b>Fractional</b> <b>distillation</b> <b>in</b> a laboratory makes use of common laboratory glassware and apparatuses, typically including a Bunsen burner, a round-bottomed flask and a <b>condenser</b>, as well as the single-purpose fractionating column. <b>Fractional</b> <b>distillation</b>. As an example, consider the <b>distillation</b> of a mixture of <b>water</b> and ethanol. Ethanol boils at ...

7.
URL: https://testbook.com/chemistry/fractional-distillation
Title: Fractional Distillation: Learn Definition, Principle, Procedure
Content: <b>The</b> boiling point of separated fractions in the fractionating column increases from top to <b>bottom</b>. <b>Fractional</b> <b>Distillation</b> of Alcohol. We can separate a mixture of two liquids by <b>fractional</b> <b>distillation</b>. A mixture of ethanol and <b>water</b> can also be separated by this method. <b>Water</b> and ethanol have different boiling points.

8.
URL: https://www.thenational.academy/teachers/programmes/chemistry-secondary-ks4-foundation-aqa/units/separating-substances/lessons/distillation-fractional-distillation
Title: Distillation: fractional distillation - Oak National Academy
Content: Keywords. Fraction - A fraction is a component of a mixture that has been separated by <b>fractional</b> <b>distillation</b>.. <b>Fractional</b> <b>distillation</b> - <b>Fractional</b> <b>distillation</b> <b>is</b> a method used to separate miscible fluids (liquids or gases) with different boiling points into individual components (fractions).. Miscible - Fluids that dissolve in another fluid are described as miscible in that fluid.

9.
URL: https://www2.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/OrgLab/distillation/CHEM%20344%20Distillation%20handout.pdf
Title: <span class="result__type">PDF</span> CHEM 344 Distillation of liquid mixtures - University of Wisconsin ...
Content: receiving flask. The most common type of <b>condenser</b> <b>is</b> <b>the</b> <b>water</b>-jacketed type shown in Figure 1. The <b>water</b> supply is connected to the <b>condenser</b> with rubber hoses. The <b>water</b> flows into the lower hose connection (most remote from the <b>distillation</b> flask) and out of the upper hose connection (i.e. "<b>in</b> at <b>the</b> <b>bottom</b>, out at the top"). Before turning ...

10.
URL: https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/13911/water-flow-in-condenser
Title: Water flow in condenser - Chemistry Stack Exchange
Content: 7. <b>Water</b> should always enter from the <b>bottom</b> of a <b>condenser</b> (<b>the</b> end closest to the flask) and exit from the top of the <b>condenser</b>. Doing it this way always ensures that your <b>condenser</b> will be full of cooling <b>water</b>. If you set it up the opposite way, and if for some reason the rate of <b>water</b> flow into the <b>condenser</b> decreased and became slower ...

11.
URL: http://www.chem.ualberta.ca/~orglabtutorials/Techniques%20Extra%20Info/Distillation.html
Title: Distillation
Content: <b>Water</b> goes in from the <b>BOTTOM</b> of <b>the</b> <b>condenser</b>. Return to Top . Q: <b>Why</b> does it matter whether the <b>water</b> enters the <b>condenser</b> at the top or from the <b>bottom</b>? If <b>water</b> enters from the <b>bottom</b> of <b>the</b> <b>condenser</b>, it will always be completely filled with cold <b>water</b> which ensures efficient cooling. During <b>distillation</b>, vapors are formed in the heated ...

12.
URL: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_Lab_Techniques_(Nichols)/05%3A_Distillation/5.03%3A_Fractional_Distillation
Title: 5.3: Fractional Distillation - Chemistry LibreTexts
Content: 5.3A: Theory of <b>Fractional</b> <b>Distillation</b>. A simple <b>distillation</b> <b>is</b> incapable of significant purification if the boiling points of the components are too close. The distillate of a simple <b>distillation</b> <b>is</b> always enriched in the lower boiling compound.Every vaporization-condensation event (called a "theoretical plate") is similar to a simple ...

13.
URL: https://makepipingeasy.com/distillation-columns-how-they-work-and-why-they-matter/
Title: Distillation Columns: How They Work and Why They Matter.
Content: Consider a mixture of <b>water</b> and alcohol. <b>Water</b> boils at 100°C, while alcohol boils at 78°C. ... <b>Fractional</b> <b>Distillation</b>: When there are a lot of different parts in a feed mixture, like in crude oil, it is hard to separate the pure parts. ... Because of this, the temperature at the top is a lot lower than at the <b>bottom</b>. <b>The</b> top <b>condenser</b> helps ...

14.
URL: https://www.nagwa.com/en/explainers/718108703974/
Title: Lesson Explainer: Distillation | Nagwa
Content: <b>The</b> liquid in the first receiving flask should be pure liquid 1. The liquid in the second receiving flask should be pure liquid 2. If we keep the <b>distillation</b> running for a little while, the liquid in the distilling flask should be pure liquid 3. The waste flask will contain a mixture of all three, but hopefully not a lot.

15.
URL: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zmbmrj6/revision/8
Title: Fractional distillation - Chemical analysis - (CCEA) - BBC
Content: <b>Fractional</b> <b>distillation</b> close <b>fractional</b> <b>distillation</b> <b>In</b> <b>fractional</b> <b>distillation</b> a mixture of several substances, such as crude oil, is distilled and the evaporated components are collected as ...


Assistant: In fractional distillation, water is typically fed into the condenser from the bottom for a couple of crucial reasons. This setup ensures that the condenser is always filled with cooling water, providing a more consistent and efficient cooling effect [source](http://www.chem.ualberta.ca/~orglabtutorials/Techniques%20Extra%20Info/Distillation.html). By entering from the bottom, the water pushes air out upwards, keeping the condenser full and thus maximizing heat exchange. This method also helps to prevent the formation of air bubbles, which could reduce the efficiency of the condensation process and lead to temperature variability, thereby affecting the separation efficacy [source](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/13911/water-flow-in-condenser).
User: Helium gas formula and Mr
Assistant: Helium gas is represented by the chemical symbol He. It is a monatomic gas, meaning it consists of single atoms rather than molecules. The relative molecular mass (Mr) of helium is approximately 4.00 g/mol.
User: other common gases formula?
Assistant: Here are the chemical formulas for some common gases:

1. **Oxygen** - O₂
2. **Nitrogen** - N₂
3. **Carbon Dioxide** - CO₂
4. **Methane** - CH₄
5. **Ammonia** - NH₃
6. **Hydrogen** - H₂
7. **Sulfur Dioxide** - SO₂
8. **Carbon Monoxide** - CO
9. **Nitrous Oxide** - N₂O

These gases are frequently encountered in various environmental and industrial contexts.
User: methane is acididc?
Assistant: