Introduction to the CIA
 In Cyber security you might here the term CIA?
 What is the CIA?
 The CIA is a fundamental model for the security of information.
 CIA stands for confidentiality,integrity, and Avaliability.
 These are the pillars of any Cyber security in protecting the
data.
Confidentiality
 Confidentiality refers to an organisation's efforts to keep their
data private or secret. In practice, it’s about controlling access
to data to prevent unauthorised disclosure.
 Typically, this involves ensuring that only those who are
authorised have access to specific assets and that those who
are unauthorized are actively prevented from obtaining access.
 Example
 What information need to be kept confidential? List three things
Integrity
 In everyday usage, integrity refers to the quality of something
being whole or complete. In InfoSec, integrity is about ensuring
that data has not been tampered with and, therefore, can be
trusted.
 It is correct, authentic, and reliable.
 Ensuring integrity involves protecting data in use, in transit
(such as when sending an email or uploading or downloading a
file), and when it is stored, whether on a laptop, a portable
storage device, in the data center, or in the cloud.
ACHIEVING & MAINTAINING DATA INTEGRITY
 Ensure Data Is Accurate, Complete, and High Quality
 The quest for data integrity begins during the collection
design phase. Ask yourself: Is my data collection method
going to provide accurate information?
 Can I ensure no data will be missing if I collect it this way?
Am I getting the data from a reliable, high-quality source?
Diligently Check for Errors
 Human error is one of the easiest ways to lose data integrity, but it’s also within your control.
In addition to checking your work, enlisting others to review it, and being careful, there are
tricks that can help you catch mistakes.
 Something as simple as shading every other row of a dataset can help you keep track of each
unique point.
 Be Aware of Cybersecurity Threats
 A hacker trying to access and damage your organisation's data may not appear as a threat at
first. People intent on stealing or damaging data may send a link in an email or text message
containing malware,
 which is activated when you click the link. There are many other ways hackers can gain
access to your data, and being able to recognise them can help ensure your data’s integrity is
protected.
 Communicate the Importance of Data Integrity
 If you’re not the only person handling data at your company,
educate others about the need to protect the accuracy,
completeness, and quality of data, as well as how to recognise
and combat potential threats.
 When everyone understands the importance of data integrity, you
can work together to maintain it for the greater good.
 As well where the data is stored/
Availability
 Systems, applications, and data are of little value to an
organisation and its customers if they are not accessible when
authorised users need them.
 Quite simply, availability means that networks, systems, and
applications are up and running.
 It ensures that authorised users have timely, reliable access to
resources when they are needed.
 Many things can jeopardise availability, including hardware or
software failure, power failure, natural disasters, and human
error.
 Perhaps the most well-known attack that threatens availability
is the denial-of-service attack, in which the performance of a
system, website, web-based application, or web-based service
is intentionally and maliciously degraded, or the system
becomes completely unreachable.
 Countermeasures to help ensure availability include redundancy
(in servers, networks, applications, and services), hardware
fault tolerance (for servers and storage), regular software
patching and system upgrades, backups, comprehensive
disaster recovery plans, and denial-of-service protection
solutions.

Using the Information above Name and briefly describe all three aspects of the CIA Triad in a simple manner suitable for individuals new to the field of Cybersecurtiy.