The Structural and Functional Classification of Sentences in English
CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES

But why did you leave England?

• There are to-day more people writing extremely well, in all departments of life, than ever before; what we have to do is to sharpen our judgement and pick these out from the still larger number who write extremely badly.

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES

• According to Structure

• According to Types of Communication

the stricture focuses on the internal organization of center of the sentence, primarily examining the relationship between clauses. clause can be either independent or dependent. an independent clause (the main) is a complete sentence which can stand alone and express the complete thought. a dependent clause is not a complete sentence (subject + predicate) but should be connected to independent clause to make the idea complete. example: the students tell us (the independent clause) what they study (the dependent clause).

STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION

sentences are typically divided into

simple,

compound,

complex, and

compound-complex

• A simple sentence consists of just one independent clause, it contains a single subject and a single predicate.

• She reads books.

• The cat and the dog slept on the couch (compound subject but still one clause).

• John went to the store and bought some milk (compound predicate but one independent clause).

Compound Sentences

A compound sentence combines two or more independent clauses, joined by a coordinating conjunction (such as and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet) or a semicolon.

He finished his homework, and he went out to play (two independent clauses connected by 'and').

She wanted to stay at home, but her friends convinced her to go out (connected by 'but').I like reading; she prefers watching movies (connected by a semicolon).

COMPLEX SENTENCES

A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause. The dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence; it requires the independent clause for full meaning. Dependent clauses are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as although, because, since, when, if, while, unless, etc.

Although she was tired, she finished the project (dependent clause followed by independent clause).

She finished the project because she was determined to meet the deadline (independent clause followed by dependent clause).

When the rain stopped, we went for a walk (dependent clause first).

Compound-Complex Sentences

A compound-complex sentence is the most structurally advanced type of sentence, containing at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

He won the match, but because it started to rain, we had to leave early (two independent clauses and one dependent clause).

Although she was tired, she stayed up late, and she completed the report (dependent clause followed by two independent clauses).

We were hungry, so we decided to order pizza when the delivery service opened (two independent clauses with a dependent clause at the end).

according to the structure simple  sentences can be subdivided into one member and two member sentences. a one member is a sentence having only one member, which is neither a subject nor the predicate of two types nominal (nominative) and verbal. nominative share the characteristics of two member sentences vut their predication is implied/ verbal sentences are very rare and their existance is quite debatable, verbal entences are those that contain the verbal part, theyre always emotionally colored. imperitive sentences also belong to one member sentences, although the subject isnt exressed, it is implied in the contezt/ one member sentences may also be hold by "yes, no" words, set expression of the polite address (thank you, sorry). tow member sentencse can be considered to be complete and incomplete. complete sentence contains subject and predicate and explicetly contain a complete thought.

incomplete sentence are mostly elliptical where the main or secondary members are unneeded but can be understood from the context (where are you goin? to the library)

Functional Classification of Sentences

• declarative,

interrogative,

imperative, and

exclamatory

Declarative Sentences

A declarative sentence is the most common sentence type and is used to make statements or convey information. Declarative sentences provide factual information, express opinions, or describe situations.

The sky is blue (a simple statement of fact).

She enjoys reading novels (an opinion or personal fact).

They will arrive tomorrow at noon (an expression of future intention).

Interrogative Sentences

An interrogative sentence is used to ask questions and seek information. Interrogatives require a response, which can vary in form depending on the type of question asked. There are different subtypes of interrogative sentences depending on the expected response, such as yes/no(general) questions, wh-questions (special), alternative, and tg-questions (disjunctive).

Yes/No questions: Is it raining? (Yes or No response expected).

Wh-questions: What time is the meeting? (More detailed information required).




please rewrite this text in a more comprehensible form for the student.