You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


# Go语言爱好者周刊：第 52 期

这里记录每周值得分享的 Go 语言相关内容，周日发布。

本周刊开源（GitHub：[polaris1119/golangweekly](https://github.com/polaris1119/golangweekly)），欢迎投稿，推荐或自荐文章/软件/资源等，请[提交 issue](https://github.com/polaris1119/golangweekly/issues) 。

鉴于大部分人可能没法坚持把英文文章看完，因此，周刊中会尽可能推荐优质的中文文章。优秀的英文文章，我们的 GCTT 组织会进行翻译。

![](imgs/issue052/cover.jpg)

题图：Go 泛型在纠结用 () 还是 []？

## 刊首语

如何快速找到 Go 优质资源？网站有 hao123 等各种导航，很多垂直领域也有类似的导航，那 Go 是不是也应该有一个类似的导航呢？答案是肯定的。而 Go 语言中文网理所当然担负起来，实现了一个 Go 的垂直导航，我叫它 haogo。目前放入的资源还不是太多，但会不断完善，也欢迎大家提交你认为应该收录的 Go 好资源。网址：<https://hao.studygolang.com>。

![](imgs/issue052/haogo.png)

## 资讯

1、[Go 1.14.6 和 Go 1.13.14 发布](https://studygolang.com/topics/11919)

几天前也发布了 1.14.5 和 1.13.13，其中涵盖了两个安全修复：net/http 中的数据争用和 Windows 上的 X.509 验证问题。而这两个小版本更侧重普通问题的修复。

2、[GoLand 2020.2 测试版可用](https://blog.jetbrains.com/2020/07/16/goland-2020-2-reaches-beta/)

更好的支持 mod，同时对泛型的实验性支持。

3、[Hugo 0.74.0](https://gohugo.io/news/0.74.0-relnotes/)

Hugo 是流行的基于 Go 的静态网站构建器，这是一个重要发行版，极大的 JavaScript 改进。

![](imgs/issue052/hugo.png)

4、[蚂蚁王益：Go+ 可有效补全 Python 的不足](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Yz1JIXccFEX3OAkmRGzd_Q)

Python 的语法很灵活，融合了很多其他语言中令人觉得方便的特点。然而 Python 的优势同时也隐含了其劣势。蚂蚁研究员王益在工业系统中对 Python 的亲身体会，更加深刻地了解到了 Python 的局限，而 Go+ 是弥补方案里最靠谱的。那么 Python 有哪些不足？Go+ 又是如何能弥补的？本文分享王益对 Go+ 补全 Python 的局限上的相关看法和尝试。

## 文章

1、[由群里讨论的关于 println 和 fmt.Println “诡异”问题的思考总结](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ukBUGNYaULfF14x0_DfUyQ)

不应该依赖具体实现。发现诡异问题，试试命令行是怎么样的。

2、[我用 Go 生成的随机数为什么不随机？随机数是怎样产生的](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-VUfTmSVmtXwQWpJOykf5g)

Go 中两个随机数的库，你了解多少？

3、[Go 1.15 添加 Module cache 环境变量：有什么用？](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/WBhPDBb67nz0Rt6te5dHVw)

讲解在 Go 1.15 中添加的 Module Cache 环境变量。

4、[为什么 Go 关心 unsafe.Pointer 和 uintptr 之间的差别](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ImlseLD8Ocw54iwaMruXpQ)

Go 有两样东西或多或少是无类型指针的表示：uintptr 和 unsafe.Pointer （和外表相反，它们是内置类型）。从表面上看这有点奇怪，因为 unsafe.Pointer 和 uintptr 可以彼此来回转换。为什么不只有一种指针表现形式？两者之间有什么区别？

5、[为什么 Go 的错误处理很棒？还是有人很喜欢的嘛](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/wYkta4h6OYUxKnlIZD7T_g)

Go 臭名昭著的错误处理引起了外部人士对该编程语言的广泛关注，它经常被说成是该语言最有争议的设计决策之一。

6、[Golang 热更新原理](https://xie.infoq.cn/article/c233ef969f1f86d3f77d92e19)

从 Linux 进程通讯讲起。

7、[一些连接池相关的总结](https://xargin.com/some-connection-pool/)

曹大出品，涵盖各种池。

8、[用 Go 撸一个二叉搜索树](https://colobu.com/2020/07/15/implement-bst-in-Go/)

前几天 Redis 的作者 antirez 说他朋友面试的时候考到排序问题，然后他说要是他也会考实现一个二叉搜索树，我说在中国某公司，据说面试直接就撸一个红黑树。不是说你技术渣，试问在座的各位有几个现在直接裸写出红黑树？

9、[如何在 Go 中写出高效的单元测试](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/a6qQ8U5PYYul59oFOVXugw)

来自团队的技术分享。

10、[分布式系统基石之一：一致性 hash 算法 Go 语言实现](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Kz03Z_s26WyuOh7-7mYTTw)

原理就很重要，看看 Go 如何实现的。

11、[贝壳找房小程序从 PHP 到 Golang 的跃迁之路](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/phaTJPs80Xvva0rAThvW9A)

看评价说是参与这个的新手居多？

12、[Go 泛型的括号选择：中括号还是小括号](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/caqf0pIM4nTByh_c5HqWPw)

泛型备受关注，上次官方放出泛型预计 2021 年 8 月发布。然而，使用小括号很多人表示不可接受。这不 golang-nuts 上进行了广泛讨论。关于为什么不用尖括号<>，官方解释是 “解析器在某些情况下要求 <> 需要 unbounded lookahead”。哪位研究比较多的可以解释下 unbounded lookahead 在 什么场景下会被解析器使用？

13、[Go 指南：顶级 Go 框架、IDE 和工具列表](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/5q7G6BpeRohX4v2GvvZUAQ)

从留言看，大家对 iris 和 goframe 框架呼声很高。

14、[Go 程序启动过程](https://overstack.me/202007/go-program-startup-process.html)

不是很详细，但能知晓总体流程。

15、[踩坑记：Go 服务灵异 panic](https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000023283854)

从分析看，上线前应该跑 data race。

16、[牛逼！GitHub 全球开放源码在北极存 1000 年。有你的贡献吗？](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/PQn7Xwmdwk6EcFw68hlffQ)

将 “Bug” 留给子孙后代~

## 开源项目

1、[afero: Go 语言实现的抽象文件系统](https://github.com/spf13/afero)

用于访问各种文件系统一致的 API。还可以让您创建完全不依赖磁盘的模拟和测试文件系统。viper 和 cobra 作者的又一开源作品。

2、[go-ordered-map](https://github.com/wk8/go-ordered-map)

总有人想要对 map 进行排序，这个库实现了一个可排序的 map。

3、[testify](https://github.com/stretchr/testify)

具有常见断言和模拟的工具箱，可与标准库很好地配合使用。

4、[go-tagexpr](https://github.com/bytedance/go-tagexpr)

有趣的 go struct 标记表达式语法，用于字段验证等。

5、[envconfig](https://github.com/kelseyhightower/envconfig)

用于管理环境变量中的配置数据的库。

6、[can-go](https://github.com/einride/can-go)

使用 Go 实现的 CAN 总线库，视频：<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IbggJHJUv0U>。

7、[doraemon](https://github.com/Qihoo360/doraemon)

360 开源的基于 Prometheus 的监控系统。

8、[casbin-forum](https://github.com/casbin/casbin-forum)

 Go 实现的论坛系统。

9、[go-dork](https://github.com/dwisiswant0/go-dork)

用 Go 语言编写的最快的 Dork 扫描仪。

10、[AdGuardHome](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardHome)

支持全网络广告和跟踪器屏蔽的 DNS 服务器。

## 资源&&工具

1、[GopherCon Europe 2020 的 21 场演讲](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtoVuM73AmsKnUvoFizEmvWo0BbegkSIG)

油管视频。疫情也无法阻止 Gopher 们的分享热情。

2、[errcheck](https://github.com/kisielk/errcheck)

检查错误是 Go 的基本组成部分，此工具将帮助你检查是否已检查错误！

3、[upterm](https://github.com/jingweno/upterm)

Go 实现的安全终端分享。工作原理图：

![](imgs/issue052/upterm-flowchart.svg)

4、[油管视频：Go 泛型](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFihRsKZ_pw)

William Kennedy 分享。

5、[Go Time 第 137 期](https://changelog.com/gotime/137)

聚焦 Go 与 PostgreSQL。

6、[todocheck](https://github.com/preslavmihaylov/todocheck)

Go 注释中 TODO 标记的分析器。

## 订阅

这个周刊每周日发布，同步更新在[Go语言中文网](https://studygolang.com/go/weekly)和[微信公众号](https://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?query=Go%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BD%91)。

微信搜索"Go语言中文网"或者扫描二维码，即可订阅。

![wechat](imgs/wechat.png)