Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            iver with the help of albumin. In the liver, it 
undergoes conjugation to form water-soluble forms 
that are excreted through urine and stool.
Types:
(I) Physiological jaundice: most common, due to:
▪
Increase RBCs volume with short life span
▪
Immaturity of glucoronyle transferase enzyme
Characters:
▪Appears on 2nd or 3rd day of life 
▪Persist for 1 week in full term and 2 weeks in preterm 
▪Total bilirubin is not more than 12mg/dl in full term 
and 15mg/dl in preterm
▪Rate of daily raise in bilirubin not excess 5mg/dl
▪Good general condition of baby
(II) Pathological jaundice:
A- Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia: 
1- Hemolytic:
▪
Immune: Rh and ABO incompatibility
▪
Non immune: Infection as septicemia, G6PD and 
Thalassemia
2- Non Hemolytic: Breast milk jaundice
B- Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia:
▪
Hepatocellular: neonatal hepatitis and metabolic liver 
disease 
▪
Biliary: Bile duct atresia 
Treatment: 
A- Phototherapy:
 
Exposing the skin of the baby to blue light waves. 
It converts the bilirubin to water soluble metabolite 
which can exerted easily through bile and urine.
Indication: 
 
In case of un Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in 
which the serum bilirubin is not too high to produce 
kernicterus.
Complication:
▪
Hyperthermia 
▪
dehydration
▪
Diarrhea 
▪
Eye injury
B- Blood exchange:
 
Removal of a volume of infant's blood and 
replacing by an equal volume of donor blood through 
umbilical vein catheter over period of 2 hr. Amount= 
2× 85 × body weight
Complications:
▪Bilirubin is a potential neurotoxin; free bilirubin can enter the 
brain and cause necrosis of cells. Bilirubin induced neurologic 
dysfunction is divided into acute and chronic forms 
(kernicterus). 
▪Acute 
BIND 
progresses 
through 
three 
stages 
early, 
intermediate, and advanced. Acute BIND can be reversible if  
treated promptly or it may lead to chronic permanent 
neurological dysfunction (kernicterus). 
▪Kernicterus is the yellowish staining of brain stem nuclei 
and cerebellum. It develops within the first year of age. It 
leads to cerebral palsy, hearing loss, upward gaze 
abnormalities, and dental enamel hypoplasia.
Diarrhea
Definition:
 
An increase in the fluidity, volume and number 
of stools relative to the usual habits of each 
individual". Frequent passage of formed stools can't 
be considered as diarrhea.
Classification of  diarrhea: 
A- Acute diarrhea
B- Dysentery
C- Chronic diarrhea
A- Acute diarrhea
 
It defined as a sudden increase in frequency and 
a change in consistency of stools and is usually self-
limited (14 days’ duration) and subsides without 
specific treatment if dehydration does not occur.
Causes of acute diarrhea: 
1- Infection and Parasitic Infestation as :
▪
Bacteria—Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus 
aureus
▪
Viruses—Rotavirus, parvovirus
▪
Parasites—Giardia 
lamblia, 
Entamoeba 
histolytica
2- Associated Conditions
▪
Infection: upper respiratory tract infections, 
urinary tract infections and otitis media
3- Dietary Causes
▪
Overfeedin

            Quiz: