Summarise the following transcript. I will paste it in sections. Please wait until the last section is pasted before summarising. I will notify you when the last section has been pasted. Ok, here we go: 00:00:02	good evening my name is <PRESIDIO_ANONYMIZED_PERSON> and I am the provost and senior vice president for academic affairs here at Salisbury University as the Provost is my pleasure to welcome you to the Rio lecture I always look forward to these lectures because the speakers challenge my thinking and push me to consider ideas that are new and different tonight speaker will be no different in fact I'm expecting that by thinking about children and testing and what is best for children will be read energized years ago I taught doctorate students

00:00:40	actually assessment class I don't need to say that in front of our guest but in this doctoral class we often use Happy's writings to fuel our class discussions and to imagine what assessment could be if it was connected to the authentic work of children and how that how that would guide our thinking about designing our supportive children in their learning those were great discussions they matter and I missed that kind of intellectual debate as an administrator I will tell you that I that doctoral

00:01:16	work was done in Texas and so Texas sort of led the charge for school reform and standardized testing and accountability so sometimes we felt a little bit subversive in our discussions and we're afraid we'd be discovered but we survived so I hope tonight you'll join me in listening and thinking and then acting on what it is cliche to say that our children are our future but if we really believe that then tonight's lecture is all the more important thank you for your attendance and for supporting our lecture series now let me

00:01:58	introduce to you Cheryl parks as dean of the side--oh School of Education and Professional Studies good evening everyone there's Dean of the sunl School of Education and Professional Studies please allow me to welcome you to the D Pauline trial the lecture series over the 26-year history of the Riya lecture series 48 different educators have spoken to audiences like this in this auditorium - over 27,000 students faculty and community members have speakers have included such notables as Cornel West Linda darling-hammond Pedro

00:02:40	McCarroll Salome Thomas L Lee Schulman and as our first repeat visitor tonight's speaker alpha tone you can find the complete listing of previous trial speakers included on the back of tonight's program in all I think you will agree this lecture series provides the Salzburg community a unique and powerful opportunity to hear and consider new and provocative ideas affecting educated education and educators today and it is miss Pauline Brown that we have to thank for this Trinity mr. Elvis is a longtime

00:03:19	principal and teacher at the Salisbury University campus school the campus school was over the years the school where all student teachers taught and attended classes thousands of salisbury community members attended school here in Carruthers hall and the building that's now that's the building that's now being deconstructed to make way for the new Patricia RV area academic Commons you guys might have seen the construction going on mistrial was an Eastern terminated who grew up near the bay in ty askin she went away to Towson

00:03:52	for her teacher education that was prior to the normal school being built in Salisbury she became a teacher and then principal at the campus school and spent many of her professional years here when she passed her bequest was that the Education Department start this lecture series and also that an award in her name excuse me that an award in her name be presented to a student teacher at the conclusion of her or his internship experience in fact we have the first trial award winner Lois Nicholson

00:04:26	Harrison with us tonight miss Harrison would you please stand and let us acknowledge the award that you won one person polygraph has made such a difference reaching over 27,000 students faculty and community community members and by extension all of their students as well we are grateful to her and her gift and now it is my great pleasure to introduce dr. Keith Connors chair of the raw electric committee who will introduce tonight's speaker miss Harrison who was here she had a great dinner with us I

00:05:16	think she went back to watch the Connecticut women want to play the basketball championship I think the fire marshal will be upset with people sitting in the aisles we have plenty of seats down here at the front so few folks who are on the carpet there would you work your way down and a bunch them there's ample seating on this side in the middle of all to the side over here to thank you we'd like to thank everyone for supporting this Rio lecture program once again as you do every semester it's just

00:06:37	great to look at and see this place fill every seat I think this is the biggest crowd member saying it all the years I've been attending things before I introduce the speaker tonight I want to acknowledge people who make this event possible the members of the Rio Committee in this ideal school please stand as Kim McCormick Ron Syrus Ted Gilkey and Brandi terrible [Applause] and a special thanks to to one person who's sort of behind the scenes who handled all the logistical details for this event flawlessly

00:07:14	that's the melindam Kappa Delta Pi the international Honor Society for education is once again supplied tonight shushers and booksellers in the lobby our speaker will be happy to sign copies of his books following a lecture in the social world you can pick one up outside doors to the auditorium and the reception will be held several campus offices also played an important role in putting this event together facility reservations public relations publications TV production Public Safety horticulture and events services as he

00:07:59	always does mat Hill of event services has wired this auditorium so that if your cell phone should ring during the lecture all of your social media messages and pictures will be forwarded to your parents as noted my lectures in his 26 year at Salisbury University your program indicates that the lecture is just part of the legacy from paulien trial as the parts mention alfie kohn was the first trial speaker to make a return visit to this podium his accomplishments that continue to accumulate the Simpsons

00:08:40	address in 2001 has spelled out if your program I will not bore you by repeating information that's already listed there let me tell you a couple of things that I learned about healthy today as we drove from him from Baltimore Washington Airport this afternoon to solver Lindsay Gordon and grace and staff from the KDP a company made two trips that we could make sure we got the connection right at the terminal here's what I learned his daughter and my daughter almost went to the same College he's been on Oprah not

00:09:14	once but twice and he was able to answer questions from Lindsay Gordon for over two hours when he spoke here 13 years ago he had this auditorium vibrating with enthusiasm so please let's give I'll be called the raucous Salisbury University welcome [Applause] well that was raucous thank you delighted to see you how many of you are students here and prospective teachers can I see by a show of hands delighted to hear it and I'm going to assume that you're here by choice because it would be just too painful to

00:10:14	think that someone required or bribed you with graves to come to this talk given the topic of this talk how many of you are on the faculty or administration here at SU can I see hands okay what's that actually a faculty member who made that sound I thought it unlikely but possible how many of you are teachers or administrators not here at the university but in the surrounding area who come okay okay apparently it's required to make some animal-like noise for every how many of you are not here in education but in

00:11:07	another field as a an instructor or a student today how many of you do not fit into any of the above categories how many of you wandered in here by mistake are now too embarrassed to admit this fact well for whatever reason you're here I'm delighted to be here with you and honored to have been chosen to come back for a second visit which I can only put down to a massive case of amnesia on the part of whoever invites folks to these lectures I predict that within about ten minutes somebody is going to go oh crap that's right for God

00:11:55	how controversial he was dr. Connors mentioned that I also was invited twice on a show that no longer exists on TV I thought I wouldn't spent a minute telling you about this because it makes a story that I think at least is mildly interesting I'm talking about the Oprah Winfrey Show and people who write books for a living basically go to bed or used to go to bed each night murmuring Oprah's name she could in theory do a lot of good for an author so I was in my office January in the mid 90s and I answered my iPhone alfie kohn

00:12:43	and I heard hi mr. Cohen I'm with the Oprah Winfrey Show yes what's my approximate reaction at that point at least silently and she she indicated that she was possibly interested in having the appear on the show I assumed it might be about one of the books that had gotten some play one of them about competition one about rewards but to my astonishment they had actually come across a book I had written earlier called the brighter side of human nature a book about altruism and empathy that has I don't mind telling you have sold

00:13:27	dozens of copies and they were planning to do a show called the kindness of strangers where they were going to invite people who had done remarkable things for people they've never met and people who have been the beneficiaries of these acts you know here have a kidney just amazing stuff and and and I was to come on and talk about why people help and when they don't and how to raise children who are caring and do remarkable things and of course I was delighted to accept the invitation though to be honest I had never seen the

00:14:06	show I lived in the other Cambridge Massachusetts where people pretend they don't even own televisions so when I asked friends what's this show like you know they pretended somebody said to me it's the best of the afternoon talk shows which is sort of like saying gravel is the tastiest of all construction materials so I didn't know what to expect people were going what you're gonna be in an opera no no no you know what I'm talking about so I showed up there and I did my bit and here's how I came at it I come

00:14:51	at things backwards sometimes I said Oprah instant first-name basis this being both America and television I said Oprah imagine that we wanted to raise kids who were not generous like your guests here who were actually pretty self-centered we could talk about how we would do that based on the research and work backward so one way we could raise children who are not particularly helpful is to put them in competitive activities whenever possible make sure that any recreational activities they engage in are competitive sports and

00:15:28	make sure that they are involved not just in singing but in choral contests and that we have awards assemblies in school an awards assembly can be defined as an event usually held in an auditorium that instantly transforms most people present into losers it took me a while to figure out that even the winners ultimately lose because competitive events of all kinds mostly teach children that everybody else around you is a potential obstacle to your own success also it tends to undermine excellence contrary

00:16:08	to the American myth that it motivates people to do their best and in fact one study though I didn't mention this on the air actually found that you can predict a child's selfishness based on how competitive the child's father is you don't even have to make the kid compete just living with someone who needs to beat other people is enough to make the child focus on self-interest it's like secondhand smoke and the second way you could make kids self-centered and not likely to help according to the knot this is not

00:16:50	something I thought up in the shower in the morning before the show I mean what I'm saying here controversial though it may be is supported by good data so the second way you could make sure the kids aren't like your guests is to reward them with A's with stickers with school-wide programs that teach free children like pets by giving them the equivalent of a doggie biscuit for doing whatever it is the adults tend to want programs that should be called TK LP treating kids like pets instead of for

00:17:31	example PBIS and if you reward children for doing things even with verbal rewards good job I really like the way you mindlessly obey Authority today when you reward or praise children you make them more focused on self-interest and two studies found that this is true one gun at the University of Toronto one gun at Arizona State children who are frequently rewarded or praised tend to be more self-centered and the effect is most pronounced if they're rewarded or praised for being generous good job I

00:18:22	really like the way you shared your brownie with Diana you're such a generous person good job she just became a little more selfish I invite you to reflect on why that might be the case because that's the interesting stuff and I'm gonna throw another one at you where I literally ask you to reflect on this out loud with this one possibility is that rewards life punishments our efforts to control people they're not ways of working with children a caring school community is a place that tries to work with kids to help think about

00:19:04	how we want our school to be a doing dose school is one that offers points privileges prizes pizza parties anything that apparently starts with a beep to children for doing what the authorities want this is the really ugly thing about programs like PBIS it's not just that the method is about manipulation sugar coated control unlike punishments which are just had no sugar attached but still control in both cases it is that a program like this it's not just that the method is disrespectful to children and manipulative here's the

00:19:47	doggie biscuit you get if you jump through the hoops the goal is not about helping children to become morally sophisticated people the objective is not to help children develop socially to be independent thinkers or compassionate human beings the goal is compliance the goal is to get kids to do what they're told so you manage to have a truly manipulative method married to a truly disturbing goal and yet we pat ourselves on the on the shoulder because we didn't punish we reward we didn't use sticks

00:20:30	we used parents we control them a little more subtly we didn't do anything to advance their moral social or intellectual development hey the best way to destroy children's interest in reading is to give them a prize for reading a book because not only do they now associate reading with being controlled which even very short people don't like a lot as in you're not the boss of me but because the message of all rewards is this must be something I wouldn't want to do that's why they have to bribe me to do it so the more you

00:21:19	reward kids for doing anything drawing a picture reading a book sharing a sandwich the more you devalue the thing you're rewarding we have more than 75 studies at this point showing that the more you reward people for do something the more they tend to lose interest in whatever they have to do to get the reward it's a great way to kill interest why why is it that so many people persist in training kids like pets or in some workplaces with merit pay and bonuses even treating adults like pets it's interesting to think

00:22:04	about the implications of this I can think of a bunch of reasons why people might persist to despite the consistent research showing that rewards like punishments are profoundly counterproductive not just ineffective counterproductive the research shows that attempts to get people to lose weight or quit smoking or go to the gym by giving people financial incentives don't just fail to work but make people less likely to move in that direction than otherwise but rewards and punishments have the appeal of being simple to work with

00:22:52	children to help them develop an authentic commitment to gin to generosity to help kids students love learning takes skill talent time care and courage because you may have to rethink what you ask them to do to dangle a sticker a gold star Pizza Hut Pizza an a a dollar or a good job in front of kids to make them comply takes no talent no time no care and above all no courage because you never have to rethink what you're giving them to do you just have to bribe them to do it the great teachers work with kid

00:23:45	to figure out how authentic ly to engage them but even if you're just narrowly focused as I was back there in Chicago on The Oprah Winfrey Show remember the Oprah Winfrey Show I started talking about that a while ago even the people who are interested just in promoting generosity and caring would never reward people for doing that does that motivate them does it motivate them to be generous or to read a book you say to me some kids do seem to be motivated by grades or stickers or beef thumbs up and

00:24:27	the answer to that little dilemma vanishes as soon as you know what psychologists have figured out decades ago motivation is not a single entity that can go up or down as if it were on a hydraulic lift by the way this is it for audio/visual tonight I hope you're enjoying the site if you're looking for nuclear-powered laser guide and digitally enhanced PowerPoint wrong guy that's why they brought me back here I'm cheap if it were true that motivation could go up or down and we want kids to be motivated

00:25:13	well then sure we'll tell them not only is this gonna be on the test so you better study and that counts for a grade we might give them additional rewards for having a lot of good claims will give them a reward for collecting rewards they're actually parents out there who pay kids for good grades or punish them for bad grades this is taking a bad thing and multiplying and compounding the damage it does but why why does it have that effect because there are different kinds of motivation and the kind matters more than the

00:25:52	amount so psychologists talk about intrinsic and extrinsic motivation raise your hand if you're already familiar with those words know that okay the amazing thing is how many teachers currently in the classroom know those words can define the difference if they're asked and then teach as if that difference didn't exist so here's your refresher course in ten seconds intrinsic motivation is a fancy term that means you get a kick out of what you're doing you share your sandwich because that kid didn't bring enough

00:26:28	food and you think that's the right thing to do or you read a book because you want to see what happens in the next chapter extrinsic motivation means you do something to get a reward or avoid a punishment something outside of extrinsic to the task or the behavior you got it okay now imagine this is where the audiovisuals get really fancy imagine that you have two hydraulic lifts where extrinsic motivation could go up or down intrinsic motivation could go up or down so here's 75 studies in one gesture you

00:27:10	ready let me know if you can't see this from the balcony that's it want to see that again as extrinsic motivation goes up intrinsic motivation tends to come down too there are a few absolutes in human behavior except that sentence the more you get kids for every study to the best of my knowledge that has ever looked at the effect of grades on interest in learning has found a negative effect from elementary school to college that's why