{"input": "Which film has the director who was born later, Borsalino & Co. or K\u00f6pekler Adas\u0131?", "context": "Passage 1:\nK\u00f6pekler Adas\u0131\nK\u00f6pekler Adas\u0131 is a 1997 Turkish film, directed by Halit Refi\u011f and starring Mursit Bag, Ekrem D\u00fcmer, and Tanju G\u00fcrsu.\nPassage 2:\nBorsalino & Co.\nBorsalino & Co. is a 1974 French crime film directed by Jacques Deray and starring Alain Delon, Riccardo Cucciolla and Daniel Ivernel. It is the sequel to the 1970 film Borsalino, opening with the criminal Siffredi as he searches Marseille for the gang that murdered his friend Capella.\n\nPlot\nSiffredi, a prominent gangster in 1930s Marseille, learns that the murder of his associate and closest friend Capella was ordered by a new arrival in the city, Volpone. In revenge, he kills Volpone's brother by throwing him from a moving train. A gang war ensues. Volpone's men win, capturing Siffredi and putting his mistress Lola in a brothel. Siffredi is humiliated by the gang by turning him into an alcoholic wreck who is shut up in a psychiatric hospital. Rescued by the only other survivor of the gang, he escapes by boat to Italy. Left supreme in Marseille, Volpone is backed by the government of Nazi Germany and has the police in his pocket.\nThree years later, Siffredi has recovered his health, made some money and assembled a new gang. Returning to Marseille, they free Lola from the brothel and in a new war eliminate most of Volpone's men. Capturing his right-hand man together with the police commissioner who kowtows to him, Siffredi makes the two roaring drunk and calls in journalists to publicise the shameful spectacle. A new police commissioner decides to let Siffredi finish the job. When Volpone tries to flee to Germany, Siffredi captures him on the train and stuffs him into the firebox of the locomotive. Not wanting to start again in Marseille, with Lola and his gang he then takes a ship for the United States.\n\nPartial cast\nAlain Delon - Roch Siffredi\nRiccardo Cucciolla - Volpone\nDaniel Ivernel - Inspector Fanti\nReinhard Kolldehoff - Sam\nAndr\u00e9 Falcon - Inspector Cazenave\nLionel Vitrant - Fernand\nAdolfo Lastretti - Luciano\nGreg Germain - Le 'N\u00e8gre'\nPierre Koulak - Spada\nMarius Laurey - Teissere\nSerge Davri - Charlie\nG\u00fcnter Meisner - Le m\u00e9decin\nJacques Debary - Le pr\u00e9fet\nDj\u00e9loul Beghoura - Lucien\nBruno Balp - Un spectateur de l'Alcazar\nCatherine Rouvel - Lola\nAnton Diffring - German\nMireille Darc - Cameo\n\nProduction\nFilming took place from 29 March to 25 June 1974.\n\nReception\nThe film was a box office disappointment, especially considering the success of the first movie.\nPassage 3:\nHassan Zee\nHassan \"Doctor\" Zee is a Pakistani-American film director who was born in Chakwal, Pakistan.\n\nEarly life\nDoctor Zee grew up in Chakwal, a small village in Punjab, Pakistan. as one of seven brothers and sisters  His father was in the military and this fact required the family to move often to different cities. As a child Zee was forbidden from watching cinema because his father believed movies were a bad influence on children.\nAt age 13, Doctor Zee got his start in the world of entertainment at Radio Pakistan where he wrote and produced radio dramas and musical programs.  It was then that he realized his passion for storytelling At the age of 26, Doctor Zee earned his medical doctorate degree and did his residency in a burn unit at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. He cared for women who were victims of  \"Bride Burning,\" the archaic practice used as a form of punishment against women who fail to provide sufficient dowry to their in-laws after marriage or fail to provide offspring.  He also witnessed how his country\u2019s transgender and intersex people, called \u201chijras\u201d, were banned from having jobs and forced to beg to survive. These experiences inspired Doctor Zee to tackle the issues of women\u2019s empowerment and gender inequality in his films.In 1999, he came to San Francisco to pursue his dream of filmmaking and made San Francisco his home\n\nEducation\nHe received his early education from Jinnah Public School, Chakwal. He got his medical doctor degree at Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan.\n\nFilm career\nDoctor Zee's first film titled Night of Henna was released in 2005. The theme of the film dealt with \"the conflict between Old World immigrant customs and modern Western ways...\" Night of Henna focused on the problems of Pakistani expatriates who found it hard to adjust in American culture. Many often landed themselves in trouble when it came to marrying off their children.\nHis second film Bicycle Bride came out in 2010, which was about \"the clash between the bonds of family and the weight of tradition.\" His third film House of Temptation that came out in 2014 was about a family which struggles against the temptations of the Devil. His fourth film \u201cGood Morning Pakistan\u201d, concerned a young American\u2019s journey back to Pakistan where he confronts the contradictory nature of a beautiful and ancient culture that's marred by economic, educational and gender inequality His upcoming fifth film, \"Ghost in San Francisco\" is a supernatural thriller starring Felissa Rose, Dave Sheridan, and Kyle Lowder where a soldier comes home from Afghanistan to discover that his wife is having an affair with his best friend. While battling with his inner ghosts and demons, he meets a mysterious woman in San Francisco who promises him a ritual for his cure.\nPassage 4:\nEdward Yates\nEdward J. Yates (September 16, 1918 \u2013 June 2, 2006) was an American television director who was the director of the ABC television program American Bandstand from 1952 until 1969.\n\nBiography\nYates became a still photographer after graduating from high school in 1936. After serving in World War II, he became employed by Philadelphia's WFIL-TV as a boom microphone operator. He was later promoted to cameraman (important as most programming was done live and local during the early years of television) and earned a bachelor's degree in communications in 1950 from the University of Pennsylvania.\nIn October 1952, Yates volunteered to direct Bandstand, a new concept featuring local teens dancing to the latest hits patterned after the \"950 Club\" on WPEN-AM. The show debuted with Bob Horn as host and took off after Dick Clark, already a radio veteran at age 26, took over in 1956.\nIt was broadcast live in its early years, even after it became part of the ABC network's weekday afternoon lineup in 1957 as American Bandstand. Yates pulled records, directed the cameras, queued the commercials and communicated with Clark via a private line telephone located on his podium.\nIn 1964, Clark moved the show to Los Angeles, taking Yates with him.\nYates retired from American Bandstand in 1969, and moved his family to the Philadelphia suburb of West Chester.\nHe died in 2006 at a nursing home where he had been for the last two months of his life.\n\nExternal links\nEdward Yates at IMDb\nPassage 5:\nCatherine I of Russia\nCatherine I Alekseevna Mikhailova (Russian: \u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 I \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, tr. Ekater\u00edna I Aleks\u00e9yevna Mikh\u00e1ylova; born Polish: Marta Helena Skowro\u0144ska, Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, tr. M\u00e1rta Samu\u00edlovna Skavr\u00f3nskaya; 15 April [O.S. 5 April] 1684 \u2013 17 May [O.S. 6 May] 1727) was the second wife and empress consort of Peter the Great, and empress regnant of Russia from 1725 until her death in 1727.\n\nLife as a servant\nThe life of Catherine I was said by Voltaire to be nearly as extraordinary as that of Peter the Great himself. Only uncertain and contradictory information is available about her early life. Said to have been born on 15 April 1684 (o.s. 5 April), she was originally named Marta Helena Skowro\u0144ska. Marta was the daughter of Samuel Skowro\u0144ski (later spelled Samuil Skavronsky), a Roman Catholic farmer from the eastern parts of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, born to Minsker parents. In 1680 he married Dorothea Hahn at Jakobstadt. Her mother is named in at least one source as Elizabeth Moritz, the daughter of a Baltic German woman and there is debate as to whether Moritz's father was a Swedish officer. It is likely that two stories were conflated, and Swedish sources suggest that the Elizabeth Moritz story is probably incorrect. Some biographies state that Marta's father was a gravedigger and handyman, while others speculate that he was a runaway landless serf.\nMarta's parents died of the plague around 1689, leaving five children. According to one of the popular versions, at the age of three Marta was taken by an aunt and sent to Marienburg (the present-day Al\u016bksne in Latvia, near the border with Estonia and Russia) where she was raised by Johann Ernst Gl\u00fcck, a Lutheran pastor and educator who was the first to translate the Bible into Latvian. In his household she served as a lowly servant, likely either a scullery maid or washerwoman.  No effort was made to teach her to read and write and she remained illiterate throughout her life.\nMarta was considered a very beautiful young girl, and there are accounts that Frau Gl\u00fcck became fearful that she would become involved with her son. At the age of seventeen, she was married off to a Swedish dragoon, Johan Cruse or Johann Rabbe, with whom she remained for eight days in 1702, at which point the Swedish troops were withdrawn from Marienburg. When Russian forces captured the town, Pastor Gl\u00fcck offered to work as a translator, and Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev agreed to his proposal and took him to Moscow.\nThere are unsubstantiated stories that Marta worked briefly in the laundry of the victorious regiment, and also that she was presented in her undergarments to Brigadier General Rudolph Felix Bauer, later the Governor of Estonia, to be his mistress. She may have worked in the household of his superior, Sheremetev. It is not known whether she was his mistress, or household maid.  She travelled back to the Russian court with Sheremetev's army.Afterwards she became part of the household of Prince Alexander Menshikov, who was the best friend of Peter the Great of Russia. Anecdotal sources suggest that she was purchased by him. Whether the two of them were lovers is disputed, as Menshikov was already engaged to Darya Arsenyeva, his future wife. It is clear that Menshikov and Marta formed a lifetime alliance.\nIt is possible that Menshikov, who was quite jealous of Peter's attentions and knew his tastes, wanted to procure a mistress on whom he could rely. In any case, in 1703, while visiting Menshikov at his home, Peter met Marta. In 1704, she was well established in the Tsar's household as his mistress, and gave birth to a son, Peter. In 1703, she converted to Orthodoxy and took the new name Catherine Alexeyevna (Yekaterina Alexeyevna). She and Darya Menshikova accompanied Peter and Menshikov on their military excursions.\n\nMarriage and family life\nThough no record exists, Catherine and Peter are described as having married secretly between 23 October and 1 December 1707 in Saint Petersburg. They had twelve children, two of whom survived into adulthood, Anna (born 1708) and Elizabeth (born 1709).\nPeter had moved the capital to St. Petersburg in 1703. While the city was being built he lived in a three-room log cabin with Catherine, where she did the cooking and caring for the children, and he tended a garden as though they were an ordinary couple. The relationship was the most successful of Peter's life and a great number of letters exist demonstrating the strong affection between Catherine and Peter. As a person she was very energetic, compassionate, charming, and always cheerful. She was able to calm Peter in his frequent rages and was often called in to do so.\nCatherine went with Peter on his Pruth Campaign in 1711. There, she was said to have saved Peter and his Empire, as related by Voltaire in his book Peter the Great. Surrounded by overwhelming numbers of Turkish troops, Catherine suggested before surrendering, that her jewels and those of the other women be used in an effort to bribe the Ottoman grand vizier Baltac\u0131 Mehmet Pasha into allowing a retreat.\nMehmet allowed the retreat, whether motivated by the bribe or considerations of trade and diplomacy. In any case Peter credited Catherine and proceeded to marry her again (this time officially) at Saint Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg on 9 February 1712.  She was Peter's second wife; he had previously married and divorced Eudoxia Lopukhina, who had borne him the Tsarevich Alexis Petrovich. Upon their wedding, Catherine took on the style of her husband and became Tsarina. When Peter elevated the Russian Tsardom to Empire, Catherine became Empress. The Order of Saint Catherine was instituted by her husband on the occasion of their wedding.\n\nIssue\nCatherine and Peter had twelve children, all of whom died in childhood except Anna and Elizabeth:\n\nPeter Petrovich (1704\u20131707), died in infancy\nPaul Petrovich (October 1705\u20131707), died in infancy\nCatherine Petrovna (7 February 1707\u20137 August 1708)\nGrand Duchess Anna Petrovna (27 January 1708\u201315 May 1728)\nGrand Duchess Elizabeth Petrovna (29 December 1709\u20135 January 1762)\nGrand Duchess Mary Natalia Petrovna (20 March 1713\u201317 May 1715)\nGrand Duchess Margaret Petrovna (19 September 1714\u20137 June 1715)\nGrand Duke Peter Petrovich (9 November 1715\u20136 May 1719)\n\nGrand Duke Paul Petrovich (13 January 1717\u201314 January 1717)\nGrand Duchess Natalia Petrovna (31 August 1718\u201315 March 1725)\nGrand Duke Peter Petrovich (7 October 1723\u20137 October 1723)\nGrand Duke Paul Petrovich (1724\u20131724)\n\nSiblings\nUpon Peter's death, Catherine found her four siblings, Krystyna, Anna, Karol, and Fryderyk, gave them the newly created titles of Count and Countess, and brought them to Russia.\n\nKrystyna Skowro\u0144ska, renamed Christina (Russian: \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430) Samuilovna Skavronskaya (1687\u201314 April 1729), had married Simon Heinrich (Russian: \u0421\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d \u0413\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0440\u0438\u0445) (1672\u20131728) and their descendants became the Counts Gendrikov.\nAnna Skowro\u0144ska, renamed Anna Samuilovna Skavronskaya, had married one Michael-Joachim N and their descendants became the Counts Efimovsky.\nKarol Skowro\u0144ski, renamed Karel Samuilovich Skavronsky, was created a Count of the Russian Empire on 5 January 1727 and made a Chamberlain of the Imperial Court; he had married Maria Ivanovna, a Russian woman, by whom he had descendants who became extinct in the male line with the death of Count Paul Martinovich Skavronskyi (1757-1793), father of Princess Catherine Bagration.\nFryderyk Skowro\u0144ski, renamed Feodor Samuilovich Skavronsky, was created a Count of the Russian Empire on 5 January 1727 and was married twice: to N, a Lithuanian woman, and to Ekaterina Rodionovna Saburova, without having children by either of them.\n\nReign as empress regnant\nCatherine was crowned in 1724. The year before his death, Peter and Catherine had an estrangement over her support of Willem Mons, brother of Peter's former mistress Anna, and brother to one of the current ladies in waiting for Catherine, Matryona. He served as Catherine's secretary. Peter had fought his entire life to clear up corruption in Russia. Catherine had a great deal of influence over who could gain access to her husband. Willem Mons and his sister Matryona had begun selling their influence to those who wanted access to Catherine and, through her, to Peter. Apparently this had been overlooked by Catherine, who was fond of both. Peter found out and had Willem Mons executed and his sister Matryona exiled. He and Catherine did not speak for several months. Rumors flew that she and Mons had had an affair, but there is no evidence for this.\nPeter died (28 January 1725 Old Style) without naming a successor. Catherine represented the interests of the \"new men\", commoners who had been brought to positions of great power by Peter based on competence. A change of government was likely to favor the entrenched aristocrats. For that reason during a meeting of a council to decide on a successor, a coup was arranged by Menshikov and others in which the guards regiments with whom Catherine was very popular proclaimed her the ruler of Russia. Supporting evidence was \"produced\" from Peter's secretary Makarov and the Bishop of Pskov, both \"new men\" with motivation to see Catherine take over. The real power, however, lay with Menshikov, Peter Tolstoy, and other members of the Supreme Privy Council.\nCatherine viewed the deposed empress Eudoxia as a threat, so she secretly moved her to Shlisselburg Fortress near St. Petersburg to be put in a secret prison under strict custody as a state prisoner.\n\nDeath\nCatherine I died two years after Peter I, on 17 May 1727 at age 43, in St. Petersburg, where she was buried at St. Peter and St. Paul Fortress. Tuberculosis, diagnosed as an abscess of the lungs, caused her early demise.\nBefore her death she recognized Peter II, the grandson of Peter I and Eudoxia, as her successor.\n\nAssessment and legacy\nCatherine was the first woman to rule Imperial Russia, opening the legal path for a century almost entirely dominated by women, including her daughter Elizabeth and granddaughter-in-law Catherine the Great, all of whom continued Peter the Great's policies in modernizing Russia.  At the time of Peter's death the Russian Army, composed of 130,000 men and supplemented by another 100,000 Cossacks, was easily the largest in Europe.  However, the expense of the military was proving ruinous to the Russian economy, consuming some 65% of the government's annual revenue.  Since the nation was at peace, Catherine was determined to reduce military expenditure.  For most of her reign, Catherine I was controlled by her advisers.  However, on this single issue, the reduction of military expenses, Catherine was able to have her way.  The resulting tax relief on the peasantry led to the reputation of Catherine I as a just and fair ruler.The Supreme Privy Council concentrated power in the hands of one party, and thus was an executive innovation. In foreign affairs, Russia reluctantly joined the Austro-Spanish league to defend the interests of Catherine's son-in-law, the Duke of Holstein, against Great Britain.\nCatherine gave her name to Catherinehof near St. Petersburg, and built the first bridges in the new capital. She was also the first royal owner of the Tsarskoye Selo estate, where the Catherine Palace still bears her name.\nThe city of Yekaterinburg is named after her, Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name.\nShe also gave her name to the Kadriorg Palace (German: Katharinental, meaning \"Catherine's Valley\"), its adjacent Kadriorg Park and the later Kadriorg neighbourhood of Tallinn, Estonia, which today houses the Presidential Palace of Estonia. The name of the neighbourhood is also used as a metonym for the institution of the President.\nIn general, Catherine's policies were reasonable and cautious.  The story of her humble origins was considered by later generations of tsars to be a state secret.\n\nSee also\nBibliography of Russian history (1613\u20131917)\nRulers of Russia family tree\n\nNotes\nPassage 6:\nJacques Deray\nJacques Deray (born Jacques Desrayaud; 19 February 1929 \u2013 9 August 2003) was a French film director and screenwriter. Deray is prominently known for directing many crime and thriller films.\n\nBiography\nBorn Jacques Desrayaud in Lyon, France, in 1929 to a family of Lyon industrialists. At the age of 19 he went to Paris to study drama under Ren\u00e9 Simon. Deray played minor roles on the stage and in films from the age of 19. From 1952, Deray worked as assistant to a number of directors, including Luis Bu\u00f1uel, Gilles Grangier, Jules Dassin, and Jean Boyer.Deray's first film was the drama Le Gigolo released in 1960. Deray was fascinated by  American film noir and began to focus on crime stories. Deray's early work includes Du rififi \u00e0 Tokyo, an homage to Jules Dassin's Rififi. Deray's reputation was established with the 1969 film La Piscine which starred Romy Schneider and Alain Delon. La Piscine was not distributed widely outside France, but the follow-up gave Deray his biggest international hit with Borsalino, a film starring Delon and Jean-Paul Belmondo about two small-time gangsters who murder their way to the top in bustling 1930s Marseilles.Deray became dedicated to the genre that won him favor with audiences and continued to make thrillers, action films, and spy films throughout the rest of his career adapting works of both French and English authors including Georges Simenon, Jean-Patrick Manchette, and Derek Raymond. In 1981, Deray served as president of the jury of the 34th Cannes Film Festival. Deray's last theatrical release was L'Ours en peluche in 1994. Deray worked professionally in television until his death in 2003. On his death, French President Jacques Chirac praised Deray, noting his \"innate sense of storytelling and action\" and adding that \"France has lost one of its most talented filmmakers.\"\n\nJacques Deray Prize\nCreated by in 2005 to honor Deray, who served as vice-president of the Institut Lumi\u00e8re until his death, the Jacques Deray Prize rewards the best French crime-thriller film of the year. Among the first laureates are 36 Quai des Orf\u00e8vres by Olivier Marchal, The Beat That My Heart Skipped by Jacques Audiard, Tell No One by Guillaume Canet, The Second Wind by Alain Corneau, and later Polisse by Ma\u00efwenn (2012).\n\nFilmography\nPassage 7:\nHalit Refi\u011f\nHalit Refi\u011f (5 March 1934 \u2013 11 October 2009) was a Turkish film director, film producer, screenwriter and writer. He made around sixty films, including feature films, documentaries and TV serials. He is considered to be the pioneer of the National Cinema movement and the initiator of the production of TV serials in Turkey.\n\nBiography\nHalit Refi\u011f graduated from \u015ei\u015fli Terakki High School in 1951 and studied engineering at Robert College in Istanbul.\nRefi\u011f directed his first films in 8mm while he served as a military reserve officer in Korea, Japan and Ceylon. He wrote articles on cinema at newspapers in 1956 and published the Sinema Dergisi magazine together with Nijat \u00d6z\u00f6n. He began his career as At\u0131f Y\u0131lmaz's assistant in 1957 together with Y\u0131lmaz G\u00fcney. He worked as scriptwriter for At\u0131f Y\u0131lmaz and Memduh \u00dcn. His directorial debut was Forbidden Love (Yasak A\u015fk) (1961). His 1962 film Stranger in the City was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival.In the 1970s, with the decline in Turkish cinema, he started to work extensively for TV. In 1974, he contributed as an instructor to the first cinema education programs initiated by the Istanbul State Fine Arts Academy (the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University of today) where he started to work as lecturer in 1975. In 1975, he directed the TV series A\u015fk-\u0131 Memnu (Forbidden Love) which was aired on the Turkish Radio Television, TRT. This TV serial is considered to be the first miniseries on Turkish television stations. In 1978, he wrote a script for a documentary about the life of Mimar Sinan on commission from the Mimar Sinan University. The project was not completed but the script was published.\nIn 1999, on commission from the then Prime Minister B\u00fclent Ecevit, he began developing a feature film project titled Devlet Ana (Mother State), to be released on the 700th anniversary of the establishment of the Ottoman Empire. The project was going to be conducted in collaboration with the Mimar Sinan University (MSU). In 2001, Refi\u011f stated that he will not collaborate with MSU and thus the project was not realized.\n\nCensorship\nRefi\u011f's 1979-81 adaptation of Kemal Tahir's novel, Yorgun Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131, for TRT, where he served as an advisor, was banned from broadcast by TRT on accounts of incorporating scenes which were anti-Atat\u00fcrk, anti-Turkish Independence War, and pro-\u00c7erkes Ethem. A commission of seven people comprising three colonels, a representative of the Ministry of Interior, a representative of the press office of the Prime Minister, two TRT representatives, and Turgut \u00d6zakman, the director of the Turkish State Theatres, representing the Ministry of Culture, was formed on order from President Kenan Evren and Prime Minister B\u00fclent Ulusu and the prints were burnt in 1983 by TRT director Macit Akman, at the furnaces of the Turkish General Staff printhouse under the supervision of the said commission. This censorship caused public controversy. A surviving copy surfaced in 1993 and the 8-episode miniseries was broadcast in its entirety on TRT.\n\nAcademic life\nHe lectured at the University of Wisconsin in 1976, where he directed The Intercessors, and at Denison University in Ohio in 1984, where he shot In the Wilderness with his students. He was given the title of \"Honorary Professor\" by Marmara University in 1997.\n\nDeath\nHe suffered from cholangiocarcinoma and died on 11 October 2009 in Istanbul, aged 75. He was interred in the Zincirlikuyu Cemetery two days later, following the funeral service held at Te\u015fvikiye Mosque.\n\nFilmography as director\nProducer\nYa\u015famak Hakk\u0131md\u0131r 1958\n\u0130stanbul'un K\u0131zlar\u0131 1964\nCan\u0131m Sana Feda 1965\n\u0130ki Yabanc\u0131 1990\n\nScreenwriter\nPassage 8:\nW. Augustus Barratt\nW. Augustus Barratt (3 June 1873 \u2013 12 April 1947) was a Scottish-born, later American, songwriter and musician.\n\nEarly life and songs\nWalter Augustus Barratt was born 3 June 1873 in Kilmarnock, the son of composer John Barratt; the family later lived in Paisley. In 1893 he won a scholarship for composition to the Royal College of Music.\nIn his early twenties he contributed to The Scottish Students' Song Book, with three of his own song compositions and numerous arrangements.\nBy the end of 1897 he had published dozens of songs, such as Sir Patrick Spens, The Death of Cuthullin, an album of his own compositions, and arrangements of ten songs by Samuel Lover.\nHe then, living in London, turned his attention to staged musical comedy, co-creating, with Adrian Ross, The Tree Dumas Skiteers, a skit, based on Sydney Grundy's The Musketeers that starred Herbert Beerbohm Tree. He co-composed with Howard Talbot the successful Kitty Grey (1900).He continued to write songs and to receive recognition for them. The 1901 and 1902 BBC Promenade Concerts, \"The Proms\", included four of his compositions, namely Come back, sweet Love, The Mermaid, My Peggy and Private Donald.\nHis setting of My Ships, a poem by Ella Wheeler Wilcox, was performed by Clara Butt and republished several times. It also appeared four times, with different singers, in the 1913 and 1914 Proms.\n\nAmerica\nIn September 1904 he went to live in New York City, finding employment with shows on Broadway, including the following roles:\n\non-stage actor (Sir Benjamin Backbite) in Lady Teazle (1904-1905), a musical version of The School for Scandal;\nmusical director of The Little Michus (1907), also featuring songs by Barratt;\nco-composer of Miss Pocahontas (1907), a musical comedy;\nmusical director of The Love Cure (1909\u20131910), a musical romance;\ncomposer of The Girl and the Drummer (1910), a musical romance with book by George Broadhurst. Tried out in Chicago and elsewhere, it did not do well and never reached Broadway;\nmusical director of The Quaker Girl (1911\u20131912);\nco-composer and musical director of My Best Girl (1912);\nmusical director of The Sunshine Girl (1913);\nmusical director of The Girl who Smiles (1915), a musical comedy;\nmusical director and contributor to music and lyrics of Her Soldier Boy (1916\u20131917);\ncomposer, lyricist and musical director of Fancy Free (1918), with book by Dorothy Donnelly and Edgar Smith;\ncontributor of a song to The Passing Show of 1918;\ncomposer and musical director of Little Simplicity (1918), with book and lyrics by Rida Johnson Young;\ncontributor of lyrics to The Melting of Molly (1918\u20131919), a musical comedy;\nmusical director of What's in a Name? (1920), a musical revue\n\n1921 in London\nThough domiciled in the US, he made several visits back to England. During an extended stay in 1921 he played a major part in the creation of two shows, both produced by Charles B. Cochran, namely\n\nLeague of Notions, at the New Oxford Theatre, for which he composed the music and co-wrote, with John Murray Anderson, the lyrics;\nFun of the Fayre, at the London Pavilion, for which similarly he wrote the music and co-wrote the lyrics\n\nBack to Broadway\nBack in the US he returned to Broadway, working as\ncomposer and lyricist of Jack and Jill (1923), a musical comedy;\nmusical director of The Silver Swan (1929), a musical romance\n\nRadio plays\nIn later years he wrote plays and operettas mostly for radio, such as:\n\nSnapshots: a radioperetta (1929)\nSushannah and the Brush Wielders: a play in 1 act (1929)\nThe Magic Voice: a radio series (1933)\nMen of Action: a series of radio sketches (1933)\nSay, Uncle: a radio series (1933)\nSealed Orders: a radio drama (1934)\nSergeant Gabriel (with Hugh Abercrombie) (1945)\n\nPersonal\nIn 1897 in London he married Lizzie May Stoner. They had one son. In 1904 he emigrated to the US and lived in New York City. His first marriage ended in divorce in 1915 and, in 1918, he married Ethel J Moore, who was American. In 1924, he became a naturalized American citizen. He died on 12 April 1947 in New York City.\n\nNote on his first name\nThe book British Musical Biography by Brown & Stratton (1897) in its entry for John Barratt refers to \"his son William Augustus Barratt\" with details that make it clear that Walter Augustus Barratt is the same person and that a \"William\" Augustus Barratt is a mistake. For professional purposes up to about 1900 he appears to have written as \"W. Augustus Barratt\", and thereafter mostly as simply \"Augustus Barratt\".\nPassage 9:\nRumbi Katedza\nRumbi Katedza is a Zimbabwean Film Producer and Director who was born on 17 January 1974.\n\nEarly life and education\nShe did her Primary and Secondary Education in Harare, Zimbabwe. Katedza graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from McGill University, Canada in 1995. In 2008 Katedza received the Chevening Scholarship that enabled her to further her studies in film. She also holds a MA in Filmmaking from Goldsmiths College, London University.\n\nWork and filmography\nKatedza has experience in Film and TV Production, Directing, Writing as well as Producing and presenting Radio shows. From 1994 to 2000, She produced and presented radio shows on Women's issues, Arts and Culture, Hip Hop and Acid Jazz for the CKUT (Montreal) and ZBC Radio 3 (Zimbabwe). From 2004 - 2006, she served as the Festival Director of the Zimbabwe International Film Festival. Whilst there, she produced the Postcards from Zimbabwe Series. In 2008, Katedza founded Mai Jai Films and has produced numerous films and television productions under the banner namely\n\nTariro (2008);\nBig House, Small House (2009);\nThe Axe and the Tree (2011);\nThe Team (2011)\nPlaying Warriors (2012)Her early works include:\n\nDanai (2002);\nPostcards from Zimbabwe (2006);\nTrapped (2006 \u2013 Rumbi Katedza, Marcus Korhonen);\nAsylum (2007);\nInsecurity Guard (2007)Rumbi Katedza is a part-time lecturer at the University of Zimbabwe, in the department of Theatre Arts. She is a judge and monitor at the National Arts Merit Awards, responsible for monitoring new film and TV productions throughout the year on behalf of the National Arts Council of Zimbabwe. She has also lobbied Zimbabwean government to actively support the film industry.\nPassage 10:\nBen Palmer\nBen Palmer (born 1976) is a British film and television director.\nHis television credits include the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta! (2002\u20132006), the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners (2009\u20132010) and the Sky Atlantic comedy-drama Breeders (2020). Palmer has also directed films such as the Inbetweeners spin-off, The Inbetweeners Movie (2011) and the romantic comedy Man Up (2015).\n\nBiography\nPalmer was born and raised in Penny Bridge, Barrow-in-Furness. He attended Chetwynde School.His first directing job was the Channel 4 sketch show Bo' Selecta!, which he co-developed with its main star, Leigh Francis. Palmer directed the second and third series of the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners in 2009 and 2010, respectively.\n\nFilmography\nBo' Selecta! (2002\u201306)\nComedy Lab (2004\u20132010)\nBo! in the USA (2006)\nThe Inbetweeners (2009\u20132010)\nThe Inbetweeners Movie (2011)\nComedy Showcase (2012)\nMilton Jones's House of Rooms (2012)\nThem from That Thing (2012)\nBad Sugar (2012)\nChickens (2013)\nLondon Irish (2013)\nMan Up (2015)\nSunTrap (2015)\nBBC Comedy Feeds (2016)\nNigel Farage Gets His Life Back (2016)\nBack (2017)\nComedy Playhouse (2017)\nUrban Myths (2017\u201319)\nClick & Collect (2018)\nSemi-Detached (2019)\nBreeders (2020)", "answers": ["K\u00f6pekler Adas\u0131"], "length": 5307, "dataset": "2wikimqa_e", "language": "en", "all_classes": null, "_id": "977a06fd17dadfff5c389d40fdd5a91ffcc56a45dd53fa35"}/n
“input”: This is the question to be answered.
“context”: This is the information needed to answer the question.
“answer”: This is the correct answer(ground truth) to the question.

Task Instructions:
(1) Generate a full and concise reasoning path from the "input" question to the ground truth "answer", using sentences from the "context" to support each step.
(2) For each step in the reasoning path, include one unaltered sentence from the “context” to demonstrate how the information leads to the answer.
(3) Structure the response as a JSON object. Each reasoning step should correspond to one original sentence from the “context”.

Use JSON format with 'step' and 'sentence' for your output.
{
  "reasoning": [
    {
      "step": 1,
      "sentence": "<insert first sentence used from context>"
    },
    {
      "step": 2,
      "sentence": "<insert second sentence used from context>"
    },
    ...
  ]
}
Ensure each “sentence” is copied exactly as in the context without any modifications.