Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            et influenza vaccine. 
VI. Immune System: 
 The efficiency of the immune system declines with age, but this is variable 
among persons. 
 The ability of the body to make antibodies diminishes. 
 Autoimmune disorders are increased in older adults. Not everyone believes 
that the increased incidence of autoimmune disease is an expected part of 
aging. 
 Immune response and vaccine effectiveness in older persons get reduce. 
 Common infections are often more severe with slower recovery & decreased 
chances of developing adequate immunity.   
Nursing Interventions: 
Healthy-living strategies such as: 
 Avoid exposing skin to too much sunlight. 
 Limit exposure to chemicals and carcinogens. 
 Eat healthy diet high in fruits and vegetables low in fat and carbohydrates 
reduce salt and sugar. 
 Moderate exercise employed for the elderly to maintain their physical 
functions and cardiovascular fitness that improves immune responses. 
 Smoking and alcohol consumption should be stopped and lipid profile should 
be within normal range to maintain a healthy immune system. 
 Maintain a healthy weight. 
 Get adequate sleep. 
 Take steps to avoid infection, such as washing your hands frequently and 
cooking meats thoroughly. 
 Try to minimize stress. 
 Vaccination is the most available documented strategy to augment immune 
system of elderly people to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to 
 
Content 
 
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infection. 
 Influenza vaccine 
 to  
reduces the likelihood of hospitalization for influenza or 
pneumonia. 
 Pneumococcal vaccine. 
VII. Gastrointestinal System: 
 40% of those >65 are edentulous, mostly because of neglect 
rather than any 
natural age related process. 
 Decrease saliva production lead to older person experience dry 
mouth. 
 Atrophy & decrease in the number of taste buds. 
 Stomach acid production diminishes sharply in old age. At the same time, the 
mucosa thins. Very little seems to happen to the small bowel 
 Decline production of HCL (an acidic environment is necessary of gastric cells  
for the release of vitamin B12 from food sources( 
 Diminished gastric enzymes (eg,  pepsinogen) & pancreatic enzymes result in 
a hindrance to the absorption of other nutrients like iron, calcium, & folic acid. 
 Hepatic blood flow, size & weight decrease with age.  Overall function, 
however, is preserved, but may be less efficient in the setting of drug overload. 
 Decreased tone in stomach & intestines result in slower peristalsis results in 
constipation. 
 Decreased appetite. 
 Decreased chewing 
 
 
Content 
 
~ 19 ~ 
Nursing Interventions: 
 Assess older adult’s ability to chew and swallow. 
 Assess nutritional health frequently. 
 Assist older adults in making changes with their eating habit as eating soft 
foods. 
 Encourage older adult to drink adequate amount of water (1.5 L). 
 Diets high in fiber.  
 Promote exercise. 
 Small frequent meals. 
 Low fat diet and limit the amount of caffeine and

            Quiz: