i want 20 mcq with their model answer below each question that covers different aspects of about :
• The cubital (anticubital) fossa is
a triangular-shaped depression over
the anterior aspect of the elbow joint.
• It represents an area of transition
between the anatomical arm and the
forearm, and conveys several important
structures between these two areas.Shape & Borders
• The cubital fossa is triangular in shape and consists of
three borders, a roof, and a floor:
• Lateral border: medial border of the brachioradialis
muscle.
• Medial border: lateral border of the pronator teres
muscle.
• Superior border: imaginary horizontal line drawn
between the epicondyles of the humerus.
• Roof: skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia and bicipital
aponeurosis.
• Floor: brachialis (proximally) and supinator (distally).Contents
• The cubital fossa is a passage for structures to pass between the arm
and forearm.
• Its contents are (lateral to medial):
• Radial nerve: travels along the lateral border of the cubital fossa and
divides into superficial and deep branches.
• Biceps tendon: passes centrally through the cubital fossa and
attaches the radial tuberosity (immediately distal to the radial neck).
– It gives rise to the bicipital aponeurosis which contributes to the roof of the cubital
fossa.
• Brachial artery: bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the
apex of the cubital fossa.
– The brachial pulse can be felt in the cubital fossa by palpating medial to the biceps
tendon
• Median nerve: travels medially through the cubital fossa, exiting by
passing between the two heads of the pronator teres.• The roof of the cubital fossa also
contains several superficial veins.
• Notably, the median cubital vein,
which connects the
basilic and cephalic veins and can be
accessed easily – a common site for
venipuncture.MCQ
• Where in the cubital fossa can the
brachial pulse be palpated?
• Posterior to the medial epicondyle
• Medial to the biceps tendon
• Medial to pronator teres
• Lateral to the biceps tendon• A 60 year old woman attends a phlebotomy
service for a full blood count.
• The phlebotomist inserts a needle into a
superficial vein within the roof of the cubital
fossa. What is the name of this vein?
• Median cubital vein
• Brachial vein
• Cephalic vein
• Basilic vein• Of the structures listed below,
which is located most laterally
within the cubital fossa?
• Brachial artery
• Ulnar nerve
• Biceps tendon
• Median nerveThe elbow jointobjectives
• Definition & type
• Articulating Surfaces
• Ligaments
• Blood Supply
• Nerve supply
• MovementsDefinition & type
• The elbow is the joint connecting
the arm to the forearm.
• It is classed as a synovial
hinge joint.Articulating Surfaces
• The elbow joint consists of two separate
articulations:
• Trochlear notch of the ulna and the
trochlea of the humerus
• Head of the radius and the capitulum of
the humerus• Note: The proximal radioulnar
joint is found within same joint
capsule of the elbow, but most
resources consider it as a
separate joint.Joint Capsule and Bursae
• Like all synovial joints, the elbow joint has a
capsule enclosing the joint.
• This is strong and fibrous, strengthening the joint.
• The joint capsule is thickened medially and laterally
to form collateral ligaments, which stabilise the
flexing and extending motion of the arm.
• A bursa is a sac-like structure containing a small
amount of synovial fluid.
• It functions to decrease friction between tendons,
bone, and skin during movement.There are many bursae in the elbow, but
only a few have clinical importance:
• Intratendinous olecranon: located within the
tendon of the triceps brachii.
• Subtendinous olecranon: between the olecranon
and the tendon of the triceps brachii, reducing
friction between the two structures during
extension and flexion of the arm.
• Subcutaneous olecranon bursa : between the
olecranon and the overlying connective tissue
(implicated in olecranon bursitis).Ligaments
• The joint capsule of the elbow is strengthened by
ligaments medially and laterally.
• The radial collateral ligament: is found on the
lateral side of the joint, extending from the lateral
epicondyle, and blending with the annular
ligament of the radius (a ligament from the
proximal radioulnar joint).
• The ulnar collateral ligament: originates from
the medial epicondyle, and attaches to the
coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna.Blood Supply
• The elbow joint receives a rich
arterial supply from a
surrounding network of vessels,
which is formed by branches of
the brachial artery.Nerve supply
• The elbow joint is innervated
by branches of the medial,
musculocutaneous, radial and
ulnar nerves.Movements
• The orientation of the bones forming the elbow
joint produces a hinge synovial joint, which allows
for extension and flexion of the forearm:
• Extension: triceps brachii and anconeus
• Flexion : brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis
• Note – pronation and supination do not occur at
the elbow: they are produced at the nearby
radioulnar joints.