grom the all anot to build stranger relations with the us..
2001- wiltary operation in Afganistan UA and the uk had dominant role. the El was sceptical about that)
2003 - mintur incoration in Fran ( Me
and the uk hord a tominant role again)
Operations led to better cooperation between the usA and the nk. , but pelitically and ecomicany partiation in those operanions
was relevant.
As a result, relations with the би велате worse, but nelatiens with the wA became stranger.
blair resigned and office was taken by Condon torin was cleoted ly the peop


wit затейку.
More Se of food Brits eat is produced
almost all the roads are absent only houses ave
thea one villagers enly because then live in the countryside notte apesty, есопонис acrivity!
Locals were nit welcome to the wew- commers (news bought better acconadatien, theywerenit infensed in tweir lifestye)
wen pease never bought anyting in the locon sugs, stores, buses, servies. they prefer them thie city.
machine labor
• manual labor was remared wie checicals work with grants, fertilizers, suistances to prevent diseases, pestsides.)
fertilisers are allowed but onlyto contrel and

Reasons:
1) солодісся асфаланон
• to save health.
пеш.
2) • housing prises were high, so people couldait aford thet
• the faner from wity → the cheaper the accomodation so peape started woring to
He country ide)
Reasons that let peope be hour like that:
50-60
1) in the mid 20 cent.
20 cent. derelopment of foods,
tansiert Icons
• 80 - 80 chocent - уал. p, no needito
be vt the itty everyday. counter- vibansation
urban -reviral- citles start livig again (peone are back to cities)
• young peope preter to anoid bet dependent en family 10013, not althe peop can

Reasons;
permn degrading remagic situation ,
lookinp for houses with better ecology, better air
• poduction in cities was alet dirties than non
• poor conditen of medicine → peor health.
19 centura- Istime of social ditterentiation, growth of trime permanent conflict if pilar - rich.
•to avoid social situation, instability.
2 Developed railway system alloned people to live in the vauntrysice and trave
to wor ( раньше , це жили, тами работали; теперь могли преезжать на работу)
• Without wasting too uch tue
Classical
18-19 centuries - dime we Knor London/ England from iteranure.
West - End, Ceast-end eniminal, reemate)

Lecture 4. Urban and a qural Britain.
101 the 187 countries where unbanisatten sAnded. (growth and develping of lties)
17 lighy mansed counties.
180% live in the cittes
12- dream of maning to the counssial. mid-18 -out.- Wen uties etaned
lecimeng
as tuy are today.
18 century - a live between Medival centerts and modern -days Uties.
Britain -te the Ist country in the world with the urbanization as a trend.
Ubanization → suburbanization suberts (susounds ittes)
countryside to uttes → attesto suburbs

Door Cities and elite suburbs.
industrial regions
luxurious houses
* need afa special protection for envitener.
перед 2Мв много законов по зауше окр. Среде.
Greeter London - London and surrounting
subure (те, кто ездила на роботу)
1838 - sarliament estatisued „agreen belt"
cinde 7 forests surrending London i legally protected area, restriction for any nativi
изб-ть усуди-я экол. итуации)
Во время 2мь никто не думал о экологии,
после 2в опіть начали
apper the 2w the as a trend as counter-vilanisation*, - He movement ot peope from cities to the loudys.

tramy industrial facilties, enterpries are in the uties iso wore opportunities.
• universites, education became anailale, people were stimuldted to stay atte country and 1
- ites were be spond head for a young gentian.
more Joss, нокя рріч
секогоржент
investors in Ecast- eno
WTH
in
сол
British countryside 
not assosiated with developed agit-aulral
томистон,
3/4 of terry of the lk is wed for farming, agp - ultura puposes
pastures - 15-47%
cultrated - 25%% \groning plants)
my 2% of prope 4 the uk one connected

stiMulate.
ever of polisen has significanty леспацея today., ecological situation gets
bekter.
*
I
N
4.10.21
Heckete North-Senth divide .
In general the uk is very diverse.
The warth- south devide is a fort of social and economie devide. caused by deindustrialisation of the we in the second wait of 2o century
1) nanne.
highlands) Lou/ands
wid Is centry - changes. (be of Ind, ler.) morement at rape, distriluion of population

пельшей → неб-ть объявить войну германии → Британие вступиля в волну.
1940 y. is one the wast dianatic years
for bitain. (Чемберленд, внутр. и выем. пол)
провах политики умироворения
Черель в правитве
the uk was doing their best to prevent Cermany from attacking the lk so it never did, the usa diduit besirate to goin
Curopeas
2) hotte he us established awar to
Tapan of the 8 January ef 1941 (Пер1-Харбор) The Great Traka (the USA, the WK, e the UssR) amersatiens, meetings on hour to deal
with вестан-
Summit dipromacy readers meetto discuss the main presses. new, breakthrough in IR)

the us decided to shock shaie the wess dominance.
1820-1930-55 - relatiens between the We and the lsA.
, huep. presence wasn't beneficial for meak, bit Henk had to putup and $ 208 - unce the Ust as aten acter of Ih.
Оне тое ровет - еКс. Іарап.
It was quite close to India, China It bothered the uk
онкя
з
period between 2 wars- afteups to prevent
плем ція соці 5р, ск, Уаран)
( Италия, Франция, the ЩА, the ик,
чтобы найти компромисск для оберей
поля.
the Great repression.
new Cermany started wallenging the status quo 

pon fetyle. Primarily, because of tuition
ет :
jes (плата за обучение) . North tuition
les wase neuch lower than seethis, young peopie vere promised to la tiona maided with loves tax rates por weir start-ups. Not each start-up was successful but the most lucky if them started becoming really politable economic companies.
After this, economically North and soush became equal and phe problem was salved to the british

A poricy of appeasement - late 1830->

if the uk tavoras fashists bermany.

But the uk didit see it as a

drawback; Boitain tried to stabi lyze

the situation; also the uk was worried by
the useR threat.


the second me seems a let move serven.

But the USA distant themselves prom

tue curoran affairs (доктр. онро)

just like the lik in the bs century.

britain was left alone with France

(плахой image because of the t world Wor)

brituin started looking for allies to

нейтрализ-те Фам. Термению.

2/2 07 1830-ss -mesecand atreeps of
negotiatiens.


Соглашение СССР и термананй.

Британия и Франция ост-сь едни ￾

Соглашение тя ик и франции с.

Government started he ba buying companies, it helped to save them.
Hoverer, these compames mene sHy tel incompetitive una as a MexuA tritain faced a probiem of nasion y debt.
the
2) Maigaret Tetcher tried to
wa
interest peone in their income themsires Stimulate poritish to de busines business themselnes.
3) 1980 the problem was selved. the solutien was connected with denying the ideg of rebuilding old ndlistital vuntires. The wain pocus on
4) the growth ot caucasiend susiem.
Not everyoe could tund his or ter

Landon was trausformed from the wordes financial center into eureran shancia center.
It was also a locar crises with was connected with patterns if development of North and Sout. reaple stasted moring fiom North to South.
1970- the gap
of development
between North and South became so evident that goreinment consines it to be the most impestant ermonic
Issue.
Problems of North:
1) unemployDent, 15-20% less labor places shan in South
2 Meguar amount o
cung the job, hite in theys for aways been more expensive

Bu the end of 19 cent→ Britain started to monsider its foreign policy beekingto the
d wars
е Шк
ssian
the
ойти
Притании не море
So the WK started looking for the allies
1 - France
2- hussian Empire ( c Западе Германии)
1807- afarnal agreement was established
4- the breat was The 1 world War
1914
Landwar surt the strengest point of the cue, but the uk had to attende the land war with German as well.
- The and of world was was suessfe for the cil, erman was defeated, Russian Empire collapsed
• territories of colonial berman, ottoman ampive on the east → hanspered to
те ак
man in the vorth, Peope wo liveri



inthe North werent qualitied enouge





specialists





ween't wide - spread in the south.







3) He en North star st cand growing .



suicides. Aco nous also became



an issue, As a result health



issues also affected in a negative



way peeple fem the North.


Prebems et South:


1) newcomers



2) merpopulation



3) enviionmental degradation.



Extreme human messure on environment







country solutions to save the sination i



1) Preventing companses gie s nuisan.

the british Empire riched is mayin
site and suicess.
But everything was spiled (spoilt) by a new system if internatiend relatien
Версальско - Вашингтонская)
Ехтта - рошев.
Отн-я Лендона и Вашинтеня в 7 208
проблемны
Freedom of the seas
Вудро Вильсом, 14 пунктов.
Индия главная и важнейшая колення
Притании. Все опн-я с индией через
cronia adminstration,
So the UsA had to deal with the Botish administration. Britain Hered unpresitane vonditions. A let of restrictions.
Freedom et the seas but countries couldnt trade property because of the weed to contact with the spitish admin.

Балтика, Индня
Colonisation of central Assis -the came colonial perry
beckere 7. The Wk during the world wars,
and a lit after.
Splendia isolation wos successfui , the uk became powerful even with limited
оления ін Еморе-
Отн-я с коссий - проблема 19 венер
the breet game. - preventing hussian Enepire prom becoming it as powerpu edonic empire as the we. prom the point of view of me ule)
• Крамская вейня
1) британня не дала Россий подайти близко и границам
2) Рессия направилась к андии.

emonic community - the ale didn exist
Tn、
n this time
3) Relation with the uA.
import
The first colony which the UK lost wais the WA
the 19-th
сентигу.
ачен
the British empire was the largest colonial
the
empire in the worla.
Асст
After the wwa many of Brish celones
don sim
were occupied by the strongest powers
Вчі
of this world. the uk realised that it didnt have enough resources to pretect
For
those lands from occupation.
Save
Atter the win winston Churchil moote
сом
the cast male to pritsa colonial empire.
as
The UK Insisted the principle et equal rights and all ethnic groups got an apportunity to form their own Independept governments and
b
countries. As a result
the british empire stated getting collapsed.

and formal idea was to nationalize emomy of the state.
Main purposes of the post vas consensus: g navionalization (heavy industries: cool) and steel productien i gas and lect-eity supply, rar trays are Mso hariendlized)
(pay a let of attention to employment)
• p awelfare state .
An economic moser based on free healthcar, fee education, pensions and benefits per the eldetty, disabled, sick and umemployed people. the NHS- the National Health Service.
(E) a presequisite for a welfare state was a permanently growing | extending
есотому.
1 The probem: Briscin invested a lat in education, in the healthcare, but

storts stagnating.
Economic stagnation- problem the lu has faced with.
лоте
Astiong pound had negasive influence on the british external trade. British kiens products rosted wuchligher than in the other curopean nasions.
British production couldn't
511
compete with prices et produces in
тес
other countries.
Boitish products we too expensive gwen in comparisen with ther pieducts in the internati mas market.
ngs
I Low lates of economic growth:
Tu contrasts with cHer cropean vounties, British experienced
ses
a let et prodems with that.
A decrease inthe hus share in the internatienas market.


Раньше дипломатией занимались лишь дипломата.
Посл. вотреча - Ялтинско-Постдалсая:
1945 год. ; без черченя
the foreign policy vourse dirnit change much. i still close cooperation with
2
the usA and Emerear natiens.
Черчесь был сезпервых , кто заговорил о
невой ральности поспе воины
Теворы, что посне войны будет новай глеб-конфликт. (метафоре для „холодной воины").
The period of WWh was the last time the lK acted as aglobal power
The fotential dis aposment between the lessh ind the Wst was already noriceall- The world was civided into 2 parts. The the lasten port was controlled by the cush.
The western one was under the UsA and telk
hist times

the Boitish post was history.
Perieds:
1) the post was consensus (1845-1873). + the 1879 Thatcher Woneleetienand unservative party became dominant.
inge
2) The vonserrave dominance (1879-1897)
Ended Hen Labor took power
3) New Labor in power. Tony Blair came to the power (1987 - 2010)
4) Relitical turbulence (2010- nonadays)
hest war consensus.
the general agreement between 2 main political parties offhelk - The Conservative party and the Laber party - on pendu
and
mental questions who maintained to rebuild tire country sconomically and scials queen in pictures parties
Va have extremely epposite ideas.

In the 1847 the UK recognised the independence o India. It was the vost of the most important possession for Britain.
For Britain it was a serious blow in the international arena. The instument which was used to infuence the power over colonies was the lommon wealth, умнств Acer ding to this principe, colenies startet being dominions under the british governance. In sinuple terms they used to be parts of the british elmie.
For britain it was a method to keep and save their international prestige. hominion
die rile ..
resources in a difterent way in order notto rea the system of econonus in a state worse than it was before.
估
britain was seriously pressurized by the countries 4 common weakh in the question with the
ed.
supporting to the черныс of south Atrica.

De- Industrialization - a deeline et manufacturing induestries in the economy.
1978-1378 - the Winter ef Discontent.
( зима недовольства)
Chemberien presented - the Conservative o Inflasion shouldnit be hyper, au speech about inflation is about lon amount of inflation probab- s (y arouna 5-7%
Summit in vienna couldnit be considered the beginning etthe ! summit diplemacy
• весоице нет и
vasnit any continua tien ot these
педаліськон.

Brain was rebuit economically, sou-ally but basically there were a let a ausagreements betreen parties.
The post was consensus is also
an
ей
Я
Known as the peried of pritcar
Instability.
し
Internal affairs
the pest war consensus wors based an the principles formelated by Keynes He was 1es the most prominent economists. the main ides was thet caparisis economy coula stay only in case of being controlled by government.
Keynes's ideas implied the governmental control over tho capitalists economy.
Many things seemed quite relica in terms et economit measures, First

Lechue 8. The British post-war histry (PartI
8. 11.21
Classical conservative British society started changing after the WW2. For example,
eat.
death penalty was banned.
brits started opening to the wold. british people live across the world,
Many Brits who retired could after to relockte from Pritain into cropean countries.
It was a new trend to move to the European
b- states in order to find better cauditions for living Many trends with music started appearing in bitain in the post-war consensus period.
Tor example, the emergence of rock music and new genres in viterature.
The foreign policy of the uk in the period of pest-was
2) Relations with European countries (Guropean

It SAil wasnt enough to realse

this stuff. As a result, the uk got

into debt.

Bottrin Started
spendlinga lot more

than it earned.
or

britain turn into 1et the nations

with the largest amount of wasonds

debt.
сильный

5 sable prices
(astrong pauna.

1B! A stog and go cycie - a phenomenon

when period of inflatien ase followed

by crisis in the balance of pay wets

The gordinment was trying to reach

Stable prices. foreconomy both thing

are bad; bu for people they're food.

Stale prices wean no inflation

If prices donit
grow i thant decreases

and damages any kind of business

actinty. Koing business весаня

economically useless. Economy

with them.
U
NATO was sure that there was no need for Guropesh Union to create a new force in this demitory. And ef course El wasnit fine with
tron this wishes.
In 2003 the use of chemical weapen in
critiuzed by the members of the EU. the EEC integration consiste of. countries which could nosely cooperate in terus of economies.
ned british association vountries dichit have in much in common and as a result had y a lot of apposite signs on the developments of the union. Is a result they lost the competition with turopean umon.
Trouses with Ireland.
In the 1820th the repellic ef Ireland


country, even the British politicions started getting attacked.
голіц
the special offre in Londen was vesponsible for holding and restoring the stasility in the Norther Ireland.
Even despate the jact that the IRA attacked oli politicians, they were veeroy to find a peaceful nuing solution to the situation instead et confronting sides in the face of catholics and protestants.
The IRA hever targeted prainary people.
They also targeted politians and people in power.
О В.
The situation in the Northern Ireland was a real trouble to the lik.
the wind of discontent in the 7eth marked The end of the pest- way consensus.
し
Since the 80-ss the period of discontent nge begins.

them refused to help britain in this case.
The
After military riot in egypt, Britain aud
ніку,
France were forced to hust lose their positions in the Suez Canal, because they rawilmt confront with the militaries ef he tgupt equipped
st
with the soviet technologies and weapons.
In the 1861 conflicts in the west Bern were solvest by the UsA and Soriet Union without british opinien.
In the 1962 Caribiean condict letwen the
Ter
usA and soviet union was solved by the opponents also without British participation in the process.
In the 1874 in cose of any aggression Britain
1. signed an agreement, that is this case it Will help to the cyprus. so in the 1sts turkey ercupied Cyprus and Pritain couldn't do anything with thet and the conflict was again solved by sper porers.


Relation with the WA :
Atlansic charter and alliance with the
wit
Nº
WA during the wws made me relatien, letireen the usA and the uk really stable terr and this process got name " special relation! letiveen these countries.
Its debestable : has Britain benefits from special relations or not.
On the one hand, the alliance with the usA was some kind of keeping prestige in the international arena for the UK.
But now when we speak about special transatlantie relatiens wight be considerd h to be nepative because some decisions taken n in the UsA could not be realized effectively a interns of the british political course. the British special relasions with the usA aso contained a nepative influene on the brinish prestige in terms of relations with European countries and cooperation


being pressurized Britain ued to afford a large amount of miney for stabilizing the situation in the Republic of south tHie,
达
which was diso a blow to the economis of the starte.
At the same time, atter the wwe the Uk Lost its perep in infuiencing the situation in
1
the internasional arena.
the power by prits :
The Suez Canal. Before the wwn Britain antered this cand by itelf. Mowever, atter the Win the coutrol was divided between the uK and France.
In the 50th Egypt restored its contrel ever the country and brer the Suez Candi.
With the help of the Soviet Union Egupt restored control and the uk lost tos position in the Suez Candl.
britain hoped for the help of the usA but the usA preferred to stay neutral and


the House of hards remained advisory role (the function is nominal). Coutdit even change a canoe the bites, only postpose Hew for 6 wonths and then the bill will le passed anyway bent the House of hands became imelevant.
Al the petitical power was concentrated in the House et Commons. The House of Lords could only express their einion.
Abolishment the House of Lords was impossible, because the British dont lite radical changes - Nobody would iniciate such a serious change (a regard to traditions). So this decision was forgotten.
154ровт: the House of Lords was the House ef nobility. Members washt elected, they deserved the right to wave titles of Loids. but in the 21st century this title was no point.
Homerer, in democracy poincians and government officidls should be elected by the people. So


the uk reconsidered the poricy tomares being
Cac and asked for membership. This request
Сморе). "
was competely ignored only by one country -Frame,
was
western Germany was econonic center, France - a polivial center.
In the 1960 France blocked the British membership and it was forced by general de Gol.
for the the process was finchised in the 1973. In this year Britain jinatey fained the Europeen
1ours,
есолоніс соттиніку.
the reaction of curorean co munity to the brisish janing wasn't completely positive.
In the 1975 was a referendum of British membership in the Curopean community.
In the 1875 Britain become a part of EEC.
ис •
eland.
Moreover, Britein was given a special status In the BEC. They.
enjayed shingen
reveligies but alant infuence a lot the pertical and economic changes in the eec



beau Blair Kicked peopie uno didmt
even visit
activities and meetings
of the rouse et Lords,
Lecture 11: New Labor in Rower ( P2)
The Mouse of Lords:
• Without political power
• Obsolete
• power was limited and the ember of mmer
was reduced to ls people (the work washt paud)
VIst stepto change it was to reduce the muser of hereditary peers (2001)
unusual
- a palisical institution was reduced, not entarged
2005 - establishment of the Supreme Court of the UK (the main juolicial body)
- connected with lan-lords, hereditary peers, life pers and lands-spirition (Bishops).
• Law- lords became members of the Supreme Court in the uk


Overseas territories of the UK - the new vane of Britain territories which stopped being
The
сЯ
British colonies (India, possesiens in Eup) The status of the uk after the WW'd was
W
a status of superpower of the paust.
Conflicts were being solved without British
I
parsic pation .
2)
Second direction, Europe was a probiem for the UK. In the 1851 France, Germany, Luxemburg, Belgium, Netherlands Italy signed an Belgium, Nether ands Italy Signed an European trade alliance (первы шат
Европейскому Сохозу).

Britain started looking for other partners.
EFTA European free trade arep - British counter association to the European trade alliance • EFTA included britain, lortugal and Ireland As a result the EEC (curopean econonic community overwhelmed the benefits in the EFTA.


became an Independent state 
In the 1860K" Northern Inerand staut

experiencing social prosiems. Catholy

started dominating over other perticar

forces in Ireland. All ruperanA

resiniens were filled ba pretestants.

The gap between protesiants and catholis

were growing. Protestants started ваня were growing. Protestants started baming

richer and richer while the carrorics

started facing a lott secial and
есопоніс товет.


As a result Catholics started protesting

the readership of pretestants in the 609,

First pelitical riets were peacefu, but

later they turned into violent battles

letween catholics and protestants.

These conflicts bedto the appearance estre

IRA. Ims terrovistic org. started attacking

poiticians and grenmental representafies

in order to encenge the situation in the


Belfast agreement was signed in 1987:
• erect
• disarmament
the l
• reestablishment of Local Ireland autho_Nors rities (uster- local self foverment
power
• local elecsions, local self-government, the
Scot
Northern Ireland
canbe mly one, thats why the Ist Minister.
get
Reur
So it seemed logical to do the same in other
The
parts of the UK.
гос
During 1997-2001 years, wales and Scatland rea were also granted a right to form (re establis
чед
their local authorities.
Not
the welsh Assemblywas a political institution
the
without political power. In wales there
the
was no request for real political power.
• e
the welsh Assembly was responsible for cultural gressions and quessions related to traditions and history.


to increase taxes in orderto finance
ecal
Social programs.
the ides et multi-culturalism.
multi-wlturalism - a course that was based
ter
on the idea that representatives of different countries could equally cooperate with each other.
this could strengthen nationality, contribute to internal stability of astate,
)
lose
diversity could become a reason for the faitish to be proud of.
But that furned out hot reamy fine for theuk. тежу Migrants were supported by the goverment,
а-
they fermed their ghettes.
# radisl islamist ideas started Speading. -
isolated communities.
They imposed their principles hot on Brits, but on sunlar communities.
delates, rey touchy isses still


urctions to the Weish Assemly: Plaid camny.
the leading parry.
d autho- 1iern Ereand diduit have a parliamentary
power histori cally. Wales too,
n other
Scotland last parliamentary sovereignty in 1707.
For scoMand it was un limportant issue to set local self-government. the Scottish perciament was reestablished in 1987.-1988.
The seottish parliament was the only one local institution which was granted with
attana real peritica parer, a right to establish financial establiss) regulations, local Taxes. a right to colleet.
Not only historical, cultural question, the Scottish Pariament automatically became
tution
еле
the most powerfel parliament.
• elections to the Scottish taruament
The Scortish
minister the leader of
ed 10 magority party → the 1st Minister t Scotland)
ed весяте a rally powerfe political wit feven


howordays the seatish Minister is nearly transi equal to the PM of the Wk; was close to form_
trans
their cabinet.
Scotand is rich with resources, but they
cond
are sent to the Vik center) and Scotton
Was
gets back only a part.
pratt wea
emmergence of Scotish natienalism.
ких
SWP- Scotish National Porty.
the
Nowadays, the leader of SVP is the Ist (rer Prime Minister of Scotand- Nicola Stugean Na
1998 - SND became a real political power.
des tho
economicaly scarana caman represent
≤，
me ukes weath, becquse Scorand consumed wore money than produced.
Scotland shows that its better at dealing as with pandemic than the lik as a whole.
These national idess are as acute today as they were some time ago.

grom the all anot to build stranger relations with the us..
2001- wiltary operation in Afganistan UA and the uk had dominant role. the El was sceptical about that)
2003 - mintur incoration in Fran ( Me
and the uk hord a tominant role again)
Operations led to better cooperation between the usA and the nk. , but pelitically and ecomicany partiation in those operanions
was relevant.
As a result, relations with the би велате worse, but nelatiens with the wA became stranger.
blair resigned and office was taken by Condon torin was cleoted ly the peop

Parliaments.
So introduction of city councils lecal authorities incities.
Economic situation i
The briginal vision of New Labor was greater economic conversion in the uk.
Economically couldbe better to closely integrate in the Ell. But Tony Blair aroided more cooperation with the u, he wasnt that enthusiastic about elase participation inthere.
1997 the wk didnt join euro (ситу)
New Labor Darty kept a tradition of riga-Msing social programmes.
1) the revival of city centers, academic madilty of new students, NHS (Mational Healthoare Servie) programs.
very money consuming, so blair decided
(He PM depends on the Hause of Commens).
емос-
етос- the House of
the House of Commens are nos interested in
mered
granting power to a new Upper House.
Led
Debates about including new house passed over 2010 but even nowadays this question ishit a political agends in Britain.
2nd problem: local self-governments and devolution of power:
e
Devotution of power - the process of granting power front central authorities to local authorities.
Locals last their political power and special pesibilities for making decisiens during a period ot a conservative dominance.
Thatcher: local authorities were limited , local governments were shunned.
britain was a classical unitary stake.
1990-4 - negatatiens ef settlement of all problems.
1995 - religious coupot atiens in the Northern
0n)
Ireland were Stopped.


Au cultures are welcome in the we unsit
grom t
they denit contradict the British law.
wさん。
1) Education.
2001-
there was an ability toget education in and 1 moter-tongues to new comers.
scept
й problem appeared.
2003
Barely aid they speak inglish se it was
and th
difficult to find ajob
Орег
the l
so people stayed in their isolated communiti econ the lever of criminality increased
was
solution
As
caucation in English become mandatory.
WOrS
lulti-culturusm
disillusioned the Brifish
society because of terrorism. sermerists werent be migrants, they were boon in the ak and even had foritish passports.
In foreign aftairs flair deeded to distance


Transformation of scotand was similar to the transformation of Norway, The most important - se arge resources et oil. Almost all eit
+ they
cet land
conduction was contrelled by scarand. Ides was that wembership in the uk wasn't profitable, because et hawing sucha natural weaith (ail; ides pussed by SNP). Giving too
15M.
wuch to Baitain and gaining too litte was the wain force of scokish nationalism.
ne 1st
(reason for discontent).
Sturgeon Nationalism was based on Listorical independence of scottand anoeven more impertant
А
that oil resources gove an oppertunity to withdraw from the wk.
Leaders of SNP and the whole party became the strongest pelitical party in the Wk, zaring after (except for) Labos and Conservative
parties.
day
Britain didnit have assemblies, because central authorities dominated over all



as members are not elected but granted!
(Hue PM ,
ifis not democratic. It created an undenir the Mor ratic situstion : the British government empowered grantin people who weren't elected by people but granted
Deba
with the right to make political decisions
over 2
(even unimpertant).
Ishけ
An idea
wato establish another upper house
2nd /
ever the House of Lords because electing
devole
members et nobility was inational): to balance
Devol
the House of Commens but it would wean
from
abolishment of the House of Loids.
Lon
Upper House also would be suspected to le
poss
more powerful than the House of lommons in peri order to limit its pover. Upper House in themy
Thi
could black the bills, suspend them, back them gove to the lower house. But Commous werent ready to divide their power with the new house.
Nowadays the House of Lords is nominal, all
1
the decisions are wade by the house of Commons

Выше я предоставила тебе текст( это лекции которые были написаны в ручную) отрывки текста идут не в хронологическом и логическом порядке, так же есть ошибки, тебе нужно привести текст в нормальный вид, исправить ошибки, логические дополнить пропусти если они есть, и главное соединить текст. Все это конечно же на английском