Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            timate blood loss 
C. The use of irrigating solutions does not complicate assessment of blood 
loss 
D. A soaked “lap” pad can hold 10 to 15 mL of blood 
 
15- The most common nonhemolytic reaction to transfusion of blood 
products is 
A. Allergic 
B. Febrile 
C. Anaphylactoid 
D. Urticarial 
 
16- Types of autologous blood transfusion include all of the following, 
except 
A. Predeposited donation 
B. Intraoperative blood salvage 
C. Normovolemic hemodilution 
D. Donor-directed transfusion 
 
17- A patient with type O blood will have which of the following 
plasma antibodies? 
A. Anti-A 
B. Anti-B 
C. Both anti-A and anti-B 
D. None 
18- The estimated maintenance fluid requirement for a 9-year-old, 
35-kg patient is 
A. 50 mL/h 
B. 75 mL/h 
C. 100 mL/h 
D. 20 mL/h 
 
Regional anesthesia 
1- Local anesthetics cause their effects by 
A. Increasing the threshold potential 
B. Altering the resting membrane potential 
C. Increasing the rate of depolarization 
D. Decreasing the rate of depolarization 
 
2- Which is the correct expected duration of anesthesia after 
infiltration with the following local anesthetics? 
A. Lidocaine 60 to 120 minutes 
B. Mepivacaine 120 to 240 minutes 
C. Ropivacaine 120 to 180 minutes 
D. Bupivacaine 120 to 180 minutes 
3- Contraindication(s) for neuraxial blockade include(s) 
A. Severe aortic stenosis 
B. Severe bleeding tendency 
C. Existing severe hypotension 
D. All of the above 
 
4- During epidural placement using a midline approach, the epidural 
needle penetrates all the following anatomical layers, except 
A. Ligamentum flavum 
B. Subarachnoid membrane 
C. Supraspinous ligament 
D. Intraspinous ligament 
 
5- Major benefits of a neuraxial block in a Whipple procedure include 
all the following, except 
A. Decreases the incidence of atelectasis 
B. Leads to earlier return of GI function 
C. Decreases the risk of urinary retention 
D. Reduces the risk of pulmonary embolism or deep-vein thrombosis 
 
6- The correct statement for human neuraxial anatomy is 
A. Adult spinal cord ends at L2 
B. Spinal cord in children ends at L3 
C. The dural sac and subarachnoid space in adults end at S1 
D. The dural sac and subarachnoid space in children end at S2 
 
7- Blood supply to the human spinal cord includes all of the following, 
except 
A. Blood supply to the spinal cord is from a single anterior spinal artery 
and two posterior spinal arteries 
B. The anterior spinal artery supplies the anterior two-thirds of the spinal 
cord, and the posterior spinal arteries supply the posterior one-third 
C. Anterior spinal artery originates from the vertebral artery 
D. Posterior spinal artery originates from the posterior cerebral artery 
8- The principal site of action of local anesthetics placed into the 
epidural space is the 
A. Spinal cord 
B. Nerve roots 
C. Epidural space 
D. Subarachnoid space 
9- As an adjuvant in epidural anesthesia, epinephrine can 
A. Prolong duration of blockade 
B. Improve the quality of blockade 
C. D

            Quiz: