this is based of the textbook 1
Study Sheet for Test 1
Chapter 1: Introducing Government in America
Intro
Ways in which the government impacts your life
Impact that lack of interest has on voting
Youth v. elderly on political engagement
1.1 Key Functions
Government
How should we govern?
What should government do?
Maintain national defense
Provide public goods and services
Collective goods
Preserve Order
Socialize the young
Collect Taxes
Solve collective action problems
1.2 Politics in Context
Politics
Who gets what, when and why
Political participation
Single-issue groups
1.3 Citizen Impact
The policymaking system
Linkage institutions
Policy agenda
Political issue
Policymaking institution
Public policy
Policy impacts
2
1.4 Key Principles
Democracy
Traditional democratic theory
Equality in voting
Effective participation
Enlightened understanding
Citizen control of the agenda
Inclusion
Majority rule
Minority rights
Representation
Pluralism
Dahl
Tocqueville
Putnam
Elite theory (elitism)
E.E. Schattschneider
Hyperpluralism
Mancur Olsen
Increased complexity
Limited Participation
Escalating campaign costs
Diverse political interests
Policy deadlock
Political culture
Liberty
Individualism
Louis Hartz
Laissez
-faire
Populism
Egalitarianism
1.5 Central Arguments
Scope of US government
Gross domestic product (GDP)
3
Chapter 2: The Constitution
Intro
Johnson v. Texas (1989)
The Flag Protection Act
United States v. Eichman (1990)
2.1 Ideas Behind the Revolution
Salutary neglect
Impact of the Seven Years (French and Indian) War
British taxation
Declaration of Independence
John Locke
State of nature
Thomas Hobbes
Natural rights
Consent of the governed
Limited government
The American creed
Winning independence
A “conservative” revolution
2.2 Weaknesses of the Articles
The Articles of Confederation
Problems
Successes
Changes in the states
Economic turmoil
Shays’s Rebellion
Annapolis Meeting
4
2.3 The Constitutional Convention
Memorize the Preamble!
Attendees of the Philadelphia Convention
George Washington
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
Benjamin Franklin
Edmund Randolph
Gouverneur Morris
Roger Sherman
Human nature
Political conflict
Factions
Purpose of government
Nature of government
2.4 Issues and Compromises
Equality Issues
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut (“Great”) Compromise
Slavery issues
Three-Fifths Compromise
Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
Economic Issues
Charles Beard’s hypothesis
Money powers of Congress
Taxing, spending, borrowing, minting
Individual Rights
Prohibition against suspension of the writ of habeas corpus
No bills of attainder
No ex post facto laws
No religious tests
Narrow test for treason
Trial by jury
5
2.5 The Madisonian System
Attempts to thwart tyranny of the majority
Limiting majority control
Separation of powers
System of checks and balances
Constitutional Republic
Republic
2.6 Ratifying the Constitution
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Federalist Papers
The Bill of Rights
Ratification of the Constitution
2.7 Changing the Constitution
Formal Process
Proposal (know both methods)
Ratification (know both methods)
Failure of the ERA
Informal Process
Judicial interpretation
Changing political practice
Technology
Increased Demand
Importance of Flexibility
2.8 Understanding the Constitution
The Constitution and democracy
Scope of government
6
Chapter 3: Federalism
Intro
The Controlled Substances Act of 1970
3.1 Defining Federalism
Unitary
Federal
Confederal
Intergovernmental relations
3.2 Why Federalism?
What sorts of nations are federal (NB: the book undercounts the number of federations)
3.3 Constitutional Basis of Federalism
Article IV
Division of power
National Supremacy
Supremacy clause
The Civil War
Struggle for Racial Equality
10th Amendment
Reserved (“Police”) Powers
11th Amendment
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Enumerated Powers
Implied Powers
The Elastic Clause
Commerce Power
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
John Marshall’s expansive definition
Wickard v. Fillburn (1942)
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964)
United States v. Lopez (1995)
Relevance to Obamacare
Full Faith and Credit
Extradition
Privileges and Immunities
Acceptable and unacceptable discrimination against out-of-staters
7
3.4 Intergovernmental Relations
Dual Federalism (Layer cake)
Cooperative Federalism (Marble cake)
Shared costs
Federal guidelines
Shared administration
Devolution?
Fiscal Federalism
The grant system
Categorical grants
Project grants
Formula grants
Block grants
Scramble for federal dollars
Mandates
Funded or unfunded?
3.5 Diversity in Policy
Diversity of policy
Policy innovation
“Laboratories of democracy”
Disparities in spending
3.6 Understanding Federalism
Federalism and Democracy
Diversity of interests
State level resolution of policy disputes
Opportunities for political involvement
Refuge for defeated parties
Inefficiencies and redundancies
Too many governments?
Scope of the national government
Increase in the size of the federal government
Is this good?
Also please be familiar with the articles that have been assigned.
Red text indicates stuff covered in class but not in the book.
I’ve numerated the four big Warren court cases of the rights of the accused. make a study guide where it is very facutal based for wxmaple how should we govern? would show the difrne waysn ot answer the question vrey factual based test