Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            tment is immediate exchange transfusion, 
preceded by phototherapy until exchange starts.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻌﺰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺎﻧﻢ
UG_31147654@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
UG_31147654@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
UG_31147654@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
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Neonatal respiratory distress 
 
 Signs 
1-tachypnea (more than 60 min). 
2-retraction (intercostal and subcostal) 
3-expiratory grunting 
4-cyanosis 
 Causes  
I. Pulmonarv diseases: 
1- Hyaline membrane disease and transient tachypnea of the 
newborn 
2- Aspiration syndrome 
3- Pneumonia  
4-Airleak syndromes: pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, 
II-Obstruction or abnormality of air Passages. 
1- Nasal or nasopharyngeal : choanal atresia 
2- Larvngeal: Laryngomalacia  
III. Impaired respiratorv center and nerve Pathway 
function: 
1- Immaturity 
2-Neuromuscular disorders 
IV. Extrapulmonary causes, 
1- Diaphragmatic hernia 
2-Metabolic acidosis 
3- Cardiac: congenital heart disease,heart failure 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻌﺰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺎﻧﻢ
UG_31147654@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
UG_31147654@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
UG_31147654@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
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Neonatal convulsions 
 
-convulsions represent the most distinctive signal of neurologic disease 
in the newborn period.  
Types of convulsions 
The clinical manifestations of convulsions in the neonatal period differ 
considerably from manifestations in older children.  
convulsion patterns: 
Five major varieties have been delineated (in order of decreasing 
frequency):  
1-subtle,constitute 50”% of cases 
 2-generalized tonic, rigid posturing of extremities and trunk 
3-multifocal clonic, 
 4-focal clonic, rhythmic twitching of muscle groups 
5-myoclonic.brief focal or generalized jerks of extremities 
Sutle convulsion includes:  
*Tonic horizontal deviation, usually with jerking of the eyes 
*Repetitive blinking or fluttering of the eyelids 
*Oral and buccal movements 
*Tonic posturing of a limb 
*Apnea 
*bicycling or pedaling 
  
Etiology 
I-CNS causes 
1. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: 
2. Intracranial Hemorrhage 
3.  Intracranial infection(meningitis,encephalitis) 
II-Metabolic 
1.Hypoglycemia:  
2.Hypocalcemia, Hypomagnesemia:.  
3.Other metabolic complications. Major metabolic disturbances are 
hyponatremia, hypernatremia (especially during correction) 
III- Kernicterus: occurs in deep jaundice. 
ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻌﺰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺎﻧﻢ
UG_31147654@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
UG_31147654@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
UG_31147654@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
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IV-Unknown causes:  
A few cases of neonatal seizures are of unknown cause. Less than 10% of 
cases cannot be assigned a definite or highly probable etiology.  
Diagnosis 
1-complete prenatal and n

            Quiz: