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Journal Entry 1 – Feminist Perspective
Reflecting on my understanding of feminist therapy, I realise that prior to studying it in depth, my knowledge was limited to a general awareness that it focused on women's experiences and aimed to address gender inequalities in therapeutic contexts. I had not fully understood the depth of feminist therapy, nor its applicability to individuals of all genders and diverse backgrounds. My initial assumption was that it primarily served to empower women by addressing issues stemming from patriarchal societal structures. However, I have come to appreciate its comprehensive focus on social justice, the deconstruction of power dynamics, and its applicability to individuals of all genders and backgrounds who have experienced oppression or marginalisation.
I was particularly struck by the therapy's commitment to an egalitarian relationship between therapist and client. This contrasts with traditional models where the therapist is viewed as the expert. In feminist therapy, clients are considered the experts of their own lives, and therapists collaborate with them to identify and challenge internalised messages of oppression. This approach facilitates empowerment and supports clients in recognising their strengths and capacities for change.
One of the key insights I gained is the emphasis on the socio-political and cultural contexts that shape an individual's experiences. Feminist therapy challenges the notion that personal problems are solely rooted within the individual, instead highlighting how societal structures, gender roles, and power imbalances contribute to psychological distress. This perspective acknowledges that individual struggles often reflect broader systemic issues. Moreover, the emphasis on social justice and advocacy addresses the limitations of traditional therapies that may overlook the impact of systemic oppression. By integrating issues of race, class, sexuality, and culture, feminist therapy offers a more inclusive and holistic understanding of a client's experience. This intersectional approach is essential and aligns with the growing recognition of the importance of cultural competence in therapy.
However, there are limitations to consider. One significant concern is the potential for therapists to inadvertently impose their values on clients. Given the strong emphasis on social change and advocacy, there is a risk that therapists might unduly influence clients who lack a strong sense of their own values. This could lead to clients adopting the therapist's beliefs without fully integrating them into their own worldview. It's crucial for therapists to remain aware of their biases and to share their values appropriately, ensuring they support clients in making informed choices without overstepping boundaries. Another limitation is the challenge of balancing the focus on sociopolitical factors with the exploration of individual psychological processes. While understanding external influences is important, an overemphasis on societal oppression might neglect the client's internal experiences. Clients can benefit from examining both their internal world and the external factors affecting them. 
Reflecting on my initial assumptions, I now understand that feminist therapy does not simply empower women. It actively challenges patriarchal structures and power dynamics that enforce gender roles, offering inclusive support to all individuals impacted by these societal forces.
Journal Entry 2 – Family Systems Perspective
Before studying the family systems perspective, I perceived it simply as a therapeutic approach that brought family members together to resolve conflicts and improve communication. I thought its primary function was to mediate disputes within the family unit, assisting in managing tensions and facilitating understanding among members. 
Engaging with the unit material has significantly reshaped my understanding. I learned that the family systems perspective views the family as an interconnected system, where each member's behaviour both influences and is influenced by other members. Rather than seeing individual problems in isolation, this approach considers them as manifestations of systemic issues within the family. For example, an adolescent's rebellious behaviours might reflect deeper familial dynamics, such as parental conflict or communication breakdowns, serving a functional role in expressing or diverting underlying tensions.
Bowen’s concept of differentiation of self was interesting. It stresses the importance of individuals being able to balance their emotional and intellectual functioning while maintaining their sense of self within the family system. This concept highlights how low levels of differentiation can lead to enmeshment or excessive emotional reactivity within families, which in turn can perpetuate dysfunctional patterns across generations. Virginia Satir's focus on communication within the family also piqued my interest. Her identification of different communication stances such as blaming, placating, being overly reasonable, or being irrelevant, provides practical insights into how family members may unconsciously adopt certain roles that hinder honest and congruent interactions. Recognising these patterns is a crucial step toward developing healthier communication and relationships within the family system.
One strength of the Family Systems Perspective is its holistic approach. By considering the family as an emotional unit, therapists can address the underlying systemic issues rather than merely treating symptoms presented by an individual. This approach can lead to more sustainable and meaningful changes, as alterations in family dynamics can positively impact all members. However, I also recognise some limitations of this approach. One potential shortcoming is the risk of placing too much emphasis on the family system at the expense of individual agency. By focusing on systemic factors, there might be a tendency to overlook personal responsibility or the unique experiences of each family member. While it's important to consider familial influences, it's equally crucial to acknowledge personal agency and internal psychological processes that may contribute to an individual's issues. 
Moreover, the systemic focus can inadvertently pathologise family structures that deviate from Western norms. Many family systems theories are rooted in Western cultural values, which may not align with the diverse familial arrangements and cultural practices found globally. For example, extended family networks play a vital role in many cultures, and loyalty to family may supersede individual desires. Applying Western-based models without cultural adaptation can lead to misunderstandings and ineffective interventions, as they may not honour the values and relational patterns inherent in different cultures. 
While I first thought of the family systems perspective as a tool for conflict resolution, I now appreciate it as a holistic framework addressing systemic family dynamics and generational patterns.
Conclusion