Convert all of the provided into proprly formatted markdown text for converting into pdf later with proper hierarchy :1. Simile

A simile is a figure of speech that explicitly compares two different things using connecting words such as "like" or "as." The comparison helps to illuminate a quality or attribute of one of the objects by relating it to something more familiar to the reader. It is commonly used in both poetry and prose to create vivid imagery.

Similes serve to make descriptions more emphatic or vivid by likening one thing to another that is seemingly unrelated. Unlike metaphors, which imply a comparison, similes directly state the comparison, making it more explicit and easier for the audience to understand.

Examples of Simile:

1. "Her cheeks are red like a rose."

2. "He fought like a lion in the battlefield."

3. "She is as busy as a bee."

Examples from Literature:

1. "My love is like a red, red rose"
— A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns

2. "She weeps like wench that had shed her milk"
— All's Well That Ends Well by William Shakespeare

3. “Old Marley was as dead as a door-nail.”
—A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens

4. "I wandered lonely as a cloud."
— I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by William Wordsworth

5. "The water made a sound like kittens lapping."
— The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck

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2. Metaphor

A metaphor is a figure of speech that makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as." In a metaphor, one thing is described as being the other, suggesting that they share a certain characteristic or set of characteristics. This device is often used to convey complex ideas more vividly and powerfully.

Metaphors differ from similes in that they do not rely on comparison words like "as" or "like," making them more direct and sometimes more impactful. Metaphors are frequently used in literature, poetry, and everyday speech to evoke imagery and emotion, offering deeper layers of meaning.

Examples of Metaphor:

1. "The world is a stage."

2. "Time is a thief."

3. "Her voice is music to his ears."

Examples from Literature:

1. "All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players."
— As You Like It by William Shakespeare

2. "Fame is a fickle food upon a shifting plate."
— Fame is a Fickle Food by Emily Dickinson

3. "But thy eternal summer shall not fade."
— Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare

4. "I am the lone star that pierces the night" 
— Song of Myself by Walt Whitman

5. "Life is a lighted window and a closed door"
—I Pass a Lighted Window by Clement Wood

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3. Personification

Personification is a figure of speech in which non-human objects, animals, or abstract ideas are given human qualities or characteristics. This device helps in making descriptions more vivid and relatable by allowing readers to imagine non-human elements behaving in human ways. It’s often used in poetry and prose to enhance imagery and emotional impact.

Personification allows the writer to make the abstract more tangible and understandable by lending human attributes to inanimate things. It is widely used in both literature and everyday speech to evoke emotional responses and create deeper connections with the audience.

Examples of Personification:

1. "The wind whispered through the trees."

2. "The sun smiled down on us."

3. "Time flies when you’re having fun."

Examples from Literature:

1. "Because I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me."
— Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson

2. "The night was creeping on the ground! She crept and did not make a sound."
— The Night by James Stephens

3. "The moon gazed on my midnight labors."
— Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

4. "Death is the mother of beauty."
— Sunday Morning by Wallace Stevens

5. "The earth hath swallowed all my hopes."
— Romeo And Juliet by William Shakespeare 

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4. Apostrophe

Apostrophe is a figure of speech in which the speaker directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, an abstract concept, or an inanimate object as if it were capable of understanding and responding. It often conveys strong emotions and is used to elevate the tone of a poem or speech, allowing the speaker to express feelings in a dramatic and intense way.

This device is frequently employed in poetry, plays, and other forms of literature to bring emphasis and focus to the subject being addressed. Apostrophes can create a sense of urgency or emotional depth, as the speaker communicates with something that cannot respond.

Examples of Apostrophe:

1. "O death, where is thy sting?"

2. "Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are!"

3. "O love, why do you torment me?"

Examples from Literature:

1. " O sun, to tell thee how I hate thy beams!"
— Paradise Lost by John Milton

2. "Death, be not proud, though some have called thee mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so."
— Death, be not proud by John Donne

3. "O Captain! My Captain! our fearful trip is done."
— O Captain! My Captain! by Walt Whitman

4. "O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being."
— Ode to the West Wind by Percy Bysshe Shelley

5. "Little Lamb, who made thee?"
— Little Lamb by William Blake

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5. Hyperbole

Hyperbole is a figure of speech that involves exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. It is often used for emphasis or to create a strong impression, adding drama or humor to a statement. Hyperbole can effectively convey the intensity of feelings, emotions, or situations by stretching the truth to highlight a particular aspect.

This device is widely utilized in everyday language, literature, and poetry, allowing writers to communicate ideas with flair and vividness. While it should not be interpreted as factual, hyperbole plays a significant role in enhancing the expressiveness of language.

Examples of Hyperbole:

1. "I’m so hungry I could eat a horse."

2. "I’ve told you a million times!"

3. "This bag weighs a ton."

Examples from Literature:

1. "I am so tired I could sleep for a year."
— The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger

2. "He’s got tons of money."
— The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

3. "She’s older than the hills."
— To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

4. "I am constant as a northern star."
— Julius Ceasar by William Shakespeare 

5. "A universe of death is in my thoughts."
— Paradise Lost by John Milton.

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6. Antithesis

Antithesis is a rhetorical device that juxtaposes contrasting ideas or words within a balanced grammatical structure. This figure of speech highlights the differences between two opposing concepts, creating a clear and memorable distinction. By presenting contrasting ideas in close proximity, antithesis emphasizes their differences and can enhance the persuasive power of an argument or the emotional impact of a statement.

This device is often used in literature, speeches, and everyday language to create rhythm and balance, making the contrasting ideas more striking and easier for the audience to grasp.

Examples of Antithesis:

1. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times."

2. "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere"

3. "Give me liberty, or give me death!"

Examples from Literature:

1. "To err is human; to forgive, divine."
— An Essay on Criticism by Alexander Pope 

2. "Marriage has many pains, but celibacy has no pleasures." 
— The Idler by Samuel Johnson 

3. "Many are called, but few are chosen."
— The Bible

4. "Better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven." 
— Paradise Lost by John Milton

5. "Not that I loved Ceaser less, but that I loved Rome more."
— Julius Ceasar by William Shakespeare 

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7. Oxymoron

An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines two contradictory or opposing words or ideas to create a paradoxical effect. This rhetorical device often reveals a deeper truth or emphasizes the complexity of a situation by juxtaposing conflicting terms. Oxymorons are frequently used in literature and everyday speech to provoke thought or add an element of irony or humor.

By presenting seemingly contradictory ideas together, an oxymoron can create a striking image or provoke reflection on the nature of the concepts involved. This device often enriches the language by challenging conventional associations.

Examples of Oxymoron:

1. "Deafening silence."

2. "Bitter sweet."

3. "Living dead."

Examples from Literature:

1. "Parting is such sweet sorrow."
— Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

2. "Awfully good."
— Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen

3. "The same diffrence."
— Slaughterhouse-five by Kurt Vonnegut

4. "Wise Fool"
— As You Like It by William Shakespeare 

5. "The sound of silence."
— The Sound of Silence by Paul Simon

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8. Epigram

An epigram is a brief, witty, and often satirical poem or statement that conveys a single thought or observation in a clever or paradoxical way. Traditionally, epigrams are characterized by their concise nature and sharpness of expression, making them memorable and impactful. They are commonly used to highlight social, political, or philosophical ideas, often with a humorous twist.

This literary device is prevalent in poetry, literature, and even in everyday conversation, allowing writers and speakers to encapsulate profound ideas or critiques succinctly. The effectiveness of an epigram lies in its ability to provoke thought and amusement through its brevity and wit.

Examples of Epigram:

1. "There are no gains without pain."

2. "The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it."

3. "Less is more."

Examples from Literature:

1. "A thing of beauty is a joy forever."
—Endymion by John Keats 

2. "That which does not kill us make us stronger."
— Twilight of the Idols by Friedrich Nietzsche

3. "The only thing worse than being talked about is not being talked about."
— The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde

4. "Child is father of the man."
— My Heart Leaps Up by William Wordsworth

5. "A penny saved is a penny earned."
— Poor Richard's Almanack by Benjamin Franklin

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9. Pun

A pun is a form of wordplay that exploits the multiple meanings of a term or similar-sounding words for humorous or rhetorical effect. Often referred to as a "play on words," puns rely on the ambiguity and dual meanings of words to create a clever twist or joke. They are commonly used in literature, jokes, and everyday conversation to elicit laughter or highlight the complexity of language.

Puns can be found in various forms, including homophonic puns (words that sound alike) and homographic puns (words that are spelled the same but have different meanings). This device enhances the creativity of language, making communication more engaging and entertaining.

Examples of Pun:

1. "Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana."

2. "I used to be a baker, but I couldn’t make enough dough."

3. "A bicycle can't stand on its own because it is two-tired."

4. "I have a joke on Pizza, but it's just too cheesy."

5. "I’m reading a book on anti-gravity. It’s impossible to put down!"

6. "I used to be a banker, but I lost intrest."

7. "I don't trust stairs, they are always upto something."

8. "I used to be a shoe-repairman but I found the work sole-destroying."

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10. Metonymy

Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is substituted with another closely associated word or concept. This rhetorical device relies on the relationship between the two terms, often representing a whole by one of its parts or an attribute. Metonymy is used to create vivid imagery and deepen meaning in both literature and everyday language.

This technique can enhance the expressiveness of a text by invoking associations and connotations that the substitute term carries. It is commonly employed in poetry, prose, and speeches to create a more nuanced understanding of the subject matter.

Examples of Metonymy:

1. "The White House issued a statement."

2. "The pen is mightier than the sword."

3. "Hollywood is known for its glitz and glamour."

Examples from Literature:

1. "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears."
— Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare

2. "He drank the entire bottle."
— The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald 

3. "The crown will find an heir."
— Henry IV by William Shakespeare

4. "The heart of the city never sleeps."
— The Beast by Walter Dean Myers

5. "The bar was packed with patrons."
— A Moveble Feast by Ernest Hemingway

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11. Alliteration

Alliteration is a literary device characterized by the repetition of the same initial consonant sounds in a series of words or phrases. This technique is often used to create rhythm, enhance the musical quality of language, and draw attention to particular phrases or ideas. Alliteration can be found in poetry, prose, and speeches, contributing to the overall aesthetic and emotional impact of the text.

By using alliteration, writers can create a sense of cohesion and emphasis, making their language more engaging and memorable. This device is commonly found in tongue twisters, brand names, and various forms of literature, showcasing the playful nature of language.

Examples of Alliteration:

1. "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."

2. "She sells seashells by the seashore."

3. "A big bully beats a baby bunny."

Examples from Literature:

1. "From forth the fatal loins of these two foes."
— Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

2. "The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew."
— The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge

3. "I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet."
— The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost

4. "In a summer season, when soft was the sun."
_ Piers Plowman by William Langland 

5. "My love is like a red, red rose."
— A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns

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12. Onomatopoeia

Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech in which a word imitates the natural sounds associated with the objects or actions it refers to. This device is used to create a vivid auditory experience for the reader, enhancing the sensory engagement of a text. Onomatopoeic words can evoke specific sounds, helping to paint a more dynamic and immersive picture in the reader's mind.

Common examples of onomatopoeia include words that mimic sounds like "buzz," "hiss," "clang," and "sizzle." By incorporating onomatopoeic words into their writing, authors can make their descriptions more lively and impactful, appealing directly to the reader's auditory senses.

Examples of Onomatopoeia:

1. "The bees buzzed around the garden."

2. "The clock ticked loudly in the silence."

3. "The thunder rumbled in the distance."

Examples from Literature:

1. "The buzz-saw snarled and rattled."
— Out,Out by Robert Frost 

2. "And the roar of the sea in my ears."
— The Sea by John Banville

3. "The sea was murmuring."
— To The Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf

4. "The rustle of the leaves whispered secrets."
— The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck

5. "How they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle, In the icy air of night!"
— The Bells by Edgar Allan Poe

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