Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            PART 1
 
FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING
RESEARCH
22
 
1
Introduction to Nursing Research in an
Evidence-Based Practice Environment
NURSING RESEARCH IN PERSPECTIVE
In all parts of the world, nursing has experienced a profound culture change. Nurses are
increasingly expected to understand and conduct research and to base their professional
practice on research evidence—that is, to adopt an evidence-based practice (EBP).
EBP involves using the best evidence (as well as clinical judgment and patient
preferences) in making patient care decisions, and “best evidence” typically comes from
research conducted by nurses and other health care professionals.
What Is Nursing Research?
Research is systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions or
solve problems. The ultimate goal of research is to develop and expand knowledge.
Nurses are increasingly engaged in disciplined studies that benefit nursing and its
clients. Nursing research is systematic inquiry designed to generate trustworthy
evidence about issues of importance to the nursing profession, including nursing
practice, education, administration, and informatics. In this book, we emphasize clinical
nursing research, that is, research to guide nursing practice and to improve the health
and quality of life of nurses’ clients.
Nursing research has experienced remarkable growth in the past three decades,
providing nurses with a growing evidence base from which to practice. Yet many
questions endure and much remains to be done to incorporate research innovations into
nursing practice.
Examples of Nursing Research Questions:
•   How effective is pressurized irrigation, compared to a swabbing method, in cleansing
wounds, in terms of time to wound healing, pain, patients’ satisfaction with comfort,
and costs? (Mak et al., 2015)
•   What are the experiences of women in Zimbabwe who are living with advanced HIV
infection? (Gona & DeMarco, 2015)
The Importance of Research in Nursing
Research findings from rigorous studies provide especially strong evidence for
23
informing nurses’ decisions and actions. Nurses are accepting the need to base specific
nursing actions on research evidence indicating that the actions are clinically
appropriate, cost-effective, and result in positive outcomes for clients.
In the United States, research plays an important role in nursing in terms of cred
entialing and status. The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)—an arm of
the American Nurses Association and the largest and most prestigious credentialing
organization in the United States—developed a Magnet Recognition Program to
acknowledge health care organizations that provide high-quality nursing care. As Reigle
and her colleagues (2008) noted, “the road to Magnet Recognition is paved with EBP”
(p. 102) and the 2014 Magnet application manual incorporated revisions that
strengthened evidence-based requirements (Drenkard, 2013). The good news is that
there is growing confirmation that the focus on research and 

            Quiz: