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 mind and thus experiencing them with
moderation you could say the stories
often wrote about feeling Joy or
pleasure but to not be sad when it
inevitably goes away that's the key part
this becomes especially potent when we
read the meditations of Marcus Aurelius
who was after all the emperor of Rome
during one of the heights of the
Empire's power reading his meditations
we find a person who is surrounded by
Pleasure in a certain sense although he
often rides from the kind of the
trenches of Germania in Wartime which
probably wasn't all that pleasurable but
he often talks about how one can be an
emperor to live in a palace and have
access to all these Pleasures maybe even
to enjoy them to some degree but still
to be a stoic philosopher and still to
remain a virtuous person it's all about
not letting those passions or Pleasures
control you not to attribute value or
goodness to these things in themselves
but still being able to live them
you accept Joy when it comes and you
equally accept sadness and pain when it
arrives but you don't hold on to any of
it when it goes away instead the
important part is to practice virtue to
be a good person
which according to Marcus involves
loving children caring for your people
being generous and having genuine
affection for people in your life not
some cold calculating emotionless robots
as many often imagine the stoics this is
a very important thing to point out
there is considerable nuance and depth
to these ethical ideas and we shouldn't
understand them in too simplistic of a
way
quote in your fits of anger have this
thought ready to mind that there is
nothing manly in being angry but a
gentle calm is more human and therefore
more virile it is the gentle who have
strength sinew and courage not the
indignant in complaining the closer to
control of emotion the closer to power
anger is as much a sign of weakness as
his pain
so self-control is obviously the
importance to focus on on
self-improvement and to take the
opportunity we have in this very
fleeting moment of our life to focus on
that which is actually important to be a
good person to improve ourselves to live
virtuously
but at the same time this might sound
strange or paradoxical when we consider
another key aspect of stoic thought
which is of course their determinism
since everything is controlled or
governed by God or pneuma or logos and
everything is that whole this also means
that everything is precisely as it
should be and couldn't have been any
other way
it also means that our lives as
individuals are decisions and actions
are also predetermined and beyond our
control
stoicism seems to say that we don't have
any free will at all
this is true but there is more going on
here the stoics indeed hold that
everything is determined by an
inevitable line of cause and effect
every cause necessitates its effect and
everything is predetermined in other
words everything is faded according to
fate not just the outcomes of things but
every detail about how things happen is
already determined by the chain of cause
and effect that have continued since the
beginning
everything we do is already determined
but the stoics still very much argue for
the importance of moral responsibility
and for the idea that our actions are
still up to us
how is this possible
well the stoics adopted a position that
has come to be called compatibilism
which is very simply put the idea that
the ideas of Free Will and determinism
are compatible with each other
this idea is still popular among
philosophers today and have of course
been understood in somewhat different
ways across history but historics argue
that our actions are indeed determined
to a certain degree certain causes
initiates how we will act but different
human beings will still act differently
based on their inner condition and state
of mind a certain person will respond to
a situation in a certain way because of
the way that she is because of her
character if we can still thus praise
her for it at least if it's a good
action right
our actions are still up to us because
we still choose how we act crisippers
used an interesting comparison to
explain this here we are told to imagine
someone pushing a cylinder down a slope
the cylinder Will Roll whereas if it was
some other object like a rock it will
behave in another way perhaps bouncing
around here and there or or maybe if you
try a cube it will not roll at all as
Cicero tells chrysippus's argument quote
as a person who has pushed a roller
forward has given it a beginning of
motion but is not given it the capacity
to roll so a sense presentation when it
impinges on the will it is true
impresses and as it were seals its
appearance on the mind but the active
Ascent will be in our power and as we
said in the case of the roller although
given a push from without as to the rest
will move by its own force and nature
the way we react to a cause is therefore
still up to us
this honesty perhaps isn't the best
argument though it still seems like the
shape of the cylinder or the way that it
rolls is still sort of predetermined by
or by its shape for example this is it
doesn't really
um
it doesn't solve the the the problem of
having both Freewheel or having things
being up to us and the strong
determinism the point here is that the
inner ASP or the inner nature the nature