You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
{-# LANGUAGE GeneralisedNewtypeDeriving #-}

#if !defined(mingw32_HOST_OS)
#define UNIX
#endif

module Cardano.CLI.Byron.Genesis
  ( ByronGenesisError(..)
  , GenesisParameters(..)
  , NewDirectory(..)
  , dumpGenesis
  , mkGenesis
  , readGenesis
  , renderByronGenesisError
  )
where

import           Cardano.Prelude hiding (option, show, trace)
import           Prelude (String, show)

import           Control.Monad.Trans.Except (ExceptT)
import           Control.Monad.Trans.Except.Extra (firstExceptT, left, right)
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as LB
import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
import           Data.String (IsString)
import           Data.Text.Encoding (encodeUtf8)
import           Data.Text.Lazy.Builder (toLazyText)
import           Data.Time (UTCTime)
import           Formatting.Buildable
import           Text.Printf (printf)

import           System.Directory (createDirectory, doesPathExist)
import           System.FilePath ((</>))
#ifdef UNIX
import           System.Posix.Files (ownerReadMode, setFileMode)
#else
import           System.Directory (emptyPermissions, readable, setPermissions)
#endif
import           Cardano.Api.Typed (NetworkId, toByronRequiresNetworkMagic)

import qualified Cardano.Chain.Common as Common
import           Cardano.Chain.Delegation hiding (Map, epoch)
import           Cardano.Chain.Genesis (GeneratedSecrets (..))
import qualified Cardano.Chain.Genesis as Genesis
import qualified Cardano.Chain.UTxO as UTxO

import           Cardano.Crypto (SigningKey (..))
import qualified Cardano.Crypto as Crypto

import           Cardano.CLI.Byron.Delegation
import           Cardano.CLI.Byron.Key
import           Cardano.CLI.Helpers (textShow)
import           Cardano.CLI.Types (GenesisFile (..))

data ByronGenesisError
  = ByronDelegationCertSerializationError !ByronDelegationError
  | ByronDelegationKeySerializationError ByronDelegationError
  | ByronGenesisCardanoEraNotSupported !CardanoEra
  | GenesisGenerationError !Genesis.GenesisDataGenerationError
  | GenesisOutputDirAlreadyExists FilePath
  | GenesisReadError !FilePath !Genesis.GenesisDataError
  | GenesisSpecError !Text
  | MakeGenesisDelegationError !Genesis.GenesisDelegationError
  | NoGenesisDelegationForKey !Text
  | ProtocolParametersParseFailed !FilePath !Text
  | PoorKeyFailure !ByronKeyFailure

  deriving Show

renderByronGenesisError :: ByronGenesisError -> Text
renderByronGenesisError err =
  case err of
    ProtocolParametersParseFailed pParamFp parseError ->
      "Protocol parameters parse failed at: " <> textShow pParamFp <> " Error: " <> parseError
    ByronDelegationCertSerializationError bDelegSerErr ->
      "Error while serializing the delegation certificate: " <> textShow bDelegSerErr
    ByronDelegationKeySerializationError bKeySerErr ->
      "Error while serializing the delegation key: " <> textShow bKeySerErr
    PoorKeyFailure bKeyFailure ->
      "Error creating poor keys: " <> textShow bKeyFailure
    MakeGenesisDelegationError genDelegError ->
      "Error creating genesis delegation: " <> textShow genDelegError
    GenesisGenerationError genDataGenError ->
      "Error generating genesis: " <> textShow genDataGenError
    ByronGenesisCardanoEraNotSupported era ->
      "Error while serialising genesis, " <> textShow era <> " is not supported."
    GenesisOutputDirAlreadyExists genOutDir ->
      "Genesis output directory already exists: " <> textShow genOutDir
    GenesisReadError genFp genDataError ->
      "Error while reading genesis file at: " <> textShow genFp <> " Error: " <> textShow genDataError
    GenesisSpecError genSpecError ->
      "Error while creating genesis spec" <> textShow genSpecError
    NoGenesisDelegationForKey verKey ->
      "Error while creating genesis, no delegation certificate for this verification key:" <> textShow verKey

newtype NewDirectory =
  NewDirectory FilePath
  deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, IsString)

-- | Parameters required for generation of new genesis.
data GenesisParameters = GenesisParameters
  { gpStartTime :: !UTCTime
  , gpProtocolParamsFile :: !FilePath
  , gpK :: !Common.BlockCount
  , gpProtocolMagic :: !Crypto.ProtocolMagic
  , gpTestnetBalance :: !Genesis.TestnetBalanceOptions
  , gpFakeAvvmOptions :: !Genesis.FakeAvvmOptions
  , gpAvvmBalanceFactor :: !Common.LovelacePortion
  , gpSeed :: !(Maybe Integer)
  } deriving Show


mkGenesisSpec :: GenesisParameters -> ExceptT ByronGenesisError IO Genesis.GenesisSpec
mkGenesisSpec gp = do
  protoParamsRaw <- lift . LB.readFile $ gpProtocolParamsFile gp

  protocolParameters <- withExceptT
    (ProtocolParametersParseFailed (gpProtocolParamsFile gp)) $
    ExceptT . pure $ canonicalDecodePretty protoParamsRaw

  -- We're relying on the generator to fake AVVM and delegation.
  genesisDelegation <- withExceptT MakeGenesisDelegationError $
    Genesis.mkGenesisDelegation []

  withExceptT GenesisSpecError $
    ExceptT . pure $ Genesis.mkGenesisSpec
      (Genesis.GenesisAvvmBalances mempty)
      genesisDelegation
      protocolParameters
      (gpK gp)
      (gpProtocolMagic gp)
      (mkGenesisInitialiser True)

  where
    mkGenesisInitialiser :: Bool -> Genesis.GenesisInitializer
    mkGenesisInitialiser useHeavyDlg =
      Genesis.GenesisInitializer
      (gpTestnetBalance gp)
      (gpFakeAvvmOptions gp)
      (Common.lovelacePortionToRational (gpAvvmBalanceFactor gp))
      useHeavyDlg

-- | Generate a genesis, for given blockchain start time, protocol parameters,
-- security parameter, protocol magic, testnet balance options, fake AVVM options,
-- AVVM balance factor and seed.  Throw an error in the following cases: if the
-- protocol parameters file can't be read or fails parse, if genesis delegation
-- couldn't be generated, if the parameter-derived genesis specification is wrong,
-- or if the genesis fails generation.
mkGenesis
  :: GenesisParameters
  -> ExceptT ByronGenesisError IO (Genesis.GenesisData, Genesis.GeneratedSecrets)
mkGenesis gp = do
  genesisSpec <- mkGenesisSpec gp

  withExceptT GenesisGenerationError $
    Genesis.generateGenesisData (gpStartTime gp) genesisSpec

-- | Read genesis from a file.
readGenesis :: GenesisFile
            -> NetworkId
            -> ExceptT ByronGenesisError IO Genesis.Config
readGenesis (GenesisFile file) nw =
  firstExceptT (GenesisReadError file) $ do
    (genesisData, genesisHash) <- Genesis.readGenesisData file
    return Genesis.Config {
      Genesis.configGenesisData       = genesisData,
      Genesis.configGenesisHash       = genesisHash,
      Genesis.configReqNetMagic       = toByronRequiresNetworkMagic nw,
      Genesis.configUTxOConfiguration = UTxO.defaultUTxOConfiguration
    }

--TODO: dumpGenesis needs refactoring.
-- | Write out genesis into a directory that must not yet exist.  An error is
-- thrown if the directory already exists, or the genesis has delegate keys that
-- are not delegated to.
dumpGenesis
  :: CardanoEra
  -> NewDirectory
  -> Genesis.GenesisData
  -> Genesis.GeneratedSecrets
  -> ExceptT ByronGenesisError IO ()
dumpGenesis era (NewDirectory outDir) genesisData gs = do
  exists <- liftIO $ doesPathExist outDir
  if exists
  then left $ GenesisOutputDirAlreadyExists outDir
  else liftIO $ createDirectory outDir
  liftIO $ LB.writeFile genesisJSONFile (serialiseGenesis genesisData)

  dlgCerts <- mapM findDelegateCert $ gsRichSecrets gs

  liftIO $ wOut "genesis-keys" "key"
                (pure . first (ByronDelegationKeySerializationError
                             . ByronDelegationKeyError)
                      . serialiseSigningKey era)
                (gsDlgIssuersSecrets gs)
  liftIO $ wOut "delegate-keys" "key"
                (pure . first ByronDelegationKeySerializationError
                      . serialiseDelegateKey era)
                (gsRichSecrets gs)
  liftIO $ wOut "poor-keys" "key"
                (pure . first PoorKeyFailure
                      . serialisePoorKey era)
                (gsPoorSecrets gs)
  liftIO $ wOut "delegation-cert" "json"
                (pure . pure . serialiseDelegationCert)
                dlgCerts
  liftIO $ wOut "avvm-secrets" "secret"
                (pure . printFakeAvvmSecrets)
                (gsFakeAvvmSecrets gs)
 where
  dlgCertMap :: Map Common.KeyHash Certificate
  dlgCertMap = Genesis.unGenesisDelegation $ Genesis.gdHeavyDelegation genesisData
  findDelegateCert :: SigningKey -> ExceptT ByronGenesisError IO Certificate
  findDelegateCert sk =
    case flip find (Map.elems dlgCertMap) . isCertForSK $ sk of
      Nothing -> left . NoGenesisDelegationForKey
                 . prettyPublicKey . Crypto.toVerification $ sk
      Just x  -> right x
  genesisJSONFile :: FilePath
  genesisJSONFile = outDir <> "/genesis.json"

  printFakeAvvmSecrets :: Crypto.RedeemSigningKey -> Either ByronGenesisError LB.ByteString
  printFakeAvvmSecrets rskey = Right . LB.fromStrict . encodeUtf8 . toStrict . toLazyText $ build rskey

  -- Compare a given 'SigningKey' with a 'Certificate' 'VerificationKey'
  isCertForSK :: SigningKey -> Certificate -> Bool
  isCertForSK sk cert = delegateVK cert == Crypto.toVerification sk
  wOut :: String -> String -> (a -> IO (Either ByronGenesisError LB.ByteString)) -> [a] -> IO ()
  wOut = writeSecrets outDir


serialiseGenesis :: Genesis.GenesisData -> LB.ByteString
serialiseGenesis = canonicalEncodePretty

writeSecrets :: FilePath -> String -> String -> (a -> IO (Either ByronGenesisError LB.ByteString)) -> [a] -> IO ()
writeSecrets outDir prefix suffix secretOp xs =
  forM_ (zip xs [0::Int ..]) $
  \(secret, nr)-> do
    let filename = outDir </> prefix <> "." <> printf "%03d" nr <> "." <> suffix
    result <- secretOp secret
    case result of
      Left cliError -> panic . toS $ show cliError
      Right bs -> LB.writeFile filename bs
#ifdef UNIX
    setFileMode    filename ownerReadMode
#else
    setPermissions filename (emptyPermissions {readable = True})
#endif