Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            g
▪
Introduction of new foods
▪
Reinstituting milk too soon after diarrheal episode
▪
Osmotic diarrhea from excess sugar in formula or 
juice
4- Medications
▪
Antibiotics        - Laxatives
▪
Toxic as ingestion of  heavy metals (lead, mercury)
B- Dysentery
 
This is diarrhea with visible fresh blood in the 
stool. Its squeal includes anorexia and damage to the 
intestinal mucosa.
C- Chronic diarrhea
 
An increase in stool frequency and increased 
water content with duration of more than 14 days. 
Chronic nonspecific diarrhea (CNSD), also known as 
irritable colon in children 6 to 54 months of age
Causes of  chronic diarrhea:
▪
Malabsorptive Causes as:  Lactose intolerance, 
pancreatic insufficiency
▪
Allergic Causes as:  allergic gastroenteropathy, 
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis 
▪
Immunodeficiency 
as: 
 
human 
immunodeficiency 
virus 
or 
acquired 
immunodeficiency syndrome
▪
Inflammatory Bowel Disease as:  ulcerative 
colitis.
▪
Endocrine Causes as:  hyperthyroidism, congenital 
adrenal hyperplasia
▪
Motility Disorders as:  Hirschsprung disease. 
▪
Parasitic Infestations as:  ascaris organisms and 
giardia organisms
▪
Other Causes as:  radiation enteritis, abdominal 
tumors
Complications of  diarrhea:
▪
Dehydration
▪
Malnutrition
Dehydration
Definition:
 
It is caused by the loss of water and 
electrolytes in liquid stools and vomiting. Fever can 
make it worse as it causes additional loss of water. 
Dehydration can lead to hypovolemia, cardiovascular 
collapse, and death if not treated promptly.
Assessment of the degree of dehydration is based on 4 signs:
Sings
A
No signs of 
dehydration 
loss < 5% of 
body weight
B
Some dehydration 
loss 5–10% of body 
weight
C
Severe dehydration loss 
> 10% of body weight
G- General 
condition
Well and alert
Restlessness and 
irritable
Lethargic, floppy unconscious
E- Eyes
Normal
Sunken
Very sunken and dry
M- Thirst
Drinks normally
Thirsty, drinks eagerly
Drinks poorly or unable to 
drink.
S-Skin pinch
Goes back quickly
Goes back slowly
Goes back very slowly 
(>2 seconds).
Decide
Child has no signs 
of  dehydration 
(Mild)
If 2 or more signs are 
present, there is 
moderate dehydration.
If 2 or more signs are present 
there is severe dehydration.
Select treatment 
plan
Plan A
Plan B
Plan C
Management of  Dehydration:
Treatment
Plan A
Plan B
Plan C
Where
At home
In outpatient rehydration 
center
In hospital
Fluid therapy
Give more fluid than usual
Gives ORS
Give IV fluids
What type
Homemade fluids (rice, 
water, tea without sugar, 
soup, and yogurt).
Gives ORS
Pansol Ringer's lactate. Normal 
saline.
How much
Give after each loose stool 
for child <2 years: 50–100ml
For child > 2 years:100–200 
ml.
75ml/kg body weight in 4 
hrs.
100 ml/kg of  body wt. given in 3 – 6 
hrs.
1st 30 ml/kg given in 1/2 to 1 hr.
Next 70 ml/kg given in 2.5 – 5hrs, 
longer time is used for infant < 1 
year. (N.B*)
How given
Slowly (1spoon/1-2 min)
By cup, spoon, cup alone, 
dropper or syringe.
Slowly (1spoon/1-2 min) by 
cup and spo

            Quiz: