Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            
Ribose, Xylose, Arabinose, lyxose & xylulose 
Six 
Hexose 
Glucose, galactose, mannose & fructose 
Seven 
Heptose 
Sedoheptulose 
Nine 
Nonose 
Neuraminic acid 
Classification of monosaccharides 
1)
Aldose: e.g., Glucose, Galactose, mannose, ribose, Glyceraldehyde. 
2)
Ketose: e.g., Fructose, ribulose, dihydroxyacetone, erythrulose. 
2) According to the type of carbonyl group they contain 
(aldehyde or ketone): 
a)
Aldotriose (Glyceraldehyde) & ketotriose (Dihydroxyacetone). 
b)
Aldotetrose (Erythrose) & ketotetrose (Erythulose). 
c)
Aldopentose (Ribose) & ketopentose (Ribulose). 
d)
Aldohexose (Glucose) & ketohexose (Fructose). 
3) According to both the type of carbonyl group & the NO. 
of C atoms: 
Nomenclature of monosaccharides 
In general CHO have been given non-systemic 
names,  although the suffix -ose is generally used. 
 
Monosaccharides are named according to these 
rules: 
1.
The number of C as the variable prefix  followed by –
ose as the suffix. 
2.
Carbons are numbered from the top of sugar. 
3.
Aldehyde or ketone group is on the C with  the lowest 
possible number & the sugar with  aldehyde group 
called aldose, & the sugar  with ketone group called 
ketose. 
•
Example: Hexose, Aldose, Aldohexose, glucose 
Asymmetric or chiral carbon 
C atom attached with 4 different groups determines 
the  number of isomers of sugar & optical activity 
L-glucose 
D-glucose 
Important monosaccharides 
1) D-Glucose (Dextrose, C6H12O6): 
• Its name comes from the Greek word glukus = sweet 
•
The most predominant sugar in human body 
•
The major source of energy in mammals. 
•
The sole source of energy for brain & RBCs. 
•
Known as blood sugar, grape sugar & dextrose 
•
Present in honey & fruits 
•
Obtain by hydrolysis of: 
o Sucrose, maltose & lactose, & 
o Starch & glycogen 
D-Glucose 
 
α-D-Glucose (Pyranose) 
Haworth formula 
open chain formula 
2) D-Fructose (Ketohexose, C6H12O6 ) 
Its name comes from the Latin word fructus = fruit 
Important monosaccharides 
D-Fructose 
• The sweetest of monosaccharides, 
• Present in honey & fruits 
• The main sugar of  semen that  used 
by  sperms as energy source. 
• Known as fruit sugar, fetal blood 
• Obtained by hydrolysis of sucrose & inulin 
& change to glucose in liver & intestine. 
α-D-Fructose (furanose) 
3) D-Galactose (C6H12O6 ): 
Its name comes from the Greek word galact = milk 
Important monosaccharides 
• Not found free in nature, 
• Found as a component of lactose in milk. 
• Obtained by hydrolysis of lactose & change to 
glucose in liver 
4) D-Ribose: 
• Found in the backbone structure of nucleic acid  
RNA & some coenzymes, e.g., FAD, 
NADH, ATP, & coenzyme A. 
  CHO 
H 
C 
OH  
HO 
C 
H 
HO 
C 
H 
H 
C 
OH  
CH2OH 
Galactose 
5) D-Mannose: 
A component of glycoproteins &  
changed to glucose in the body. 
Properties of monosaccharides 
1)
Water soluble, crystalline & unaffected by digestive enzymes. 
2)
Have one asymmetric C or more except dihydroxyacetone 
3)
All monosaccharides have 

            Quiz: