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Telerehabilitation, which is aided by the widespread use of smartphones, broadband internet, and computers, is an effective method in the complex setting of the holistic treatment and rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, strokes, and other causes of motor function impairment. Telerehabilitation offers additional diagnostic and therapeutic support to a wide range of patient populations with motor dysfunctions, ranging from simple phone calls for follow-up of patients in remote areas after hospital discharge to video-assisted examinations and therapies spanning continents . Telerehabilitation concepts are not new. In 1993, Delaplain and colleagues improved the rehabilitation process by implementing videoconferencing for physiotherapy consultations and rehabilitation instructions from the Tripler Army Medical Center in Hawaii (Oahu), halfway across the Pacific Ocean to the Kwajalein Atoll (army installation). Telerehabilitation research addressing postcardiac surgery rehabilitation are quite common, but studies on surgical rehabilitation of patients with significant motor dysfunctions are few. There are studies in hand surgery that indicate equal results to physical follow-ups, a high level of patient satisfaction, and no increased frequency of problems . However, in those investigations, patients were selected using more uniform processes that often needed simply postoperative instruction in training or immobilization .Furthermore, none of the research addressed uncommon disorders or telecommunications for crossing national borders .

definition

is the delivery of rehabilitation services over telecommunication networks and the internet. Telerehabilitation allows patients to interact with providers remotely and can be used both to assess patients and to deliver therapy. Fields of medicine that utilize telerehabilitation include: physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology, audiology, and psychology. Therapy sessions can be individual or community-based. Types of therapy available include motor training exercises, speech therapy, virtual reality, robotic therapy, goal setting, and group exercise, Commonly used modalities include webcams, videoconferencing, phone lines, videophones and webpages containing rich Internet applications. B U

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B Tele-rehabilitation E R K S for H neurological I R E cases U refers N to the I V use of E technology R S I to T provide Y rehabilitation services remotely

A Research Poster for patients About with neurological Climate Change disorders. Here’s an overview of the technique:

Key Components

1. Technology Platforms:

- Video Conferencing: Real-time interaction with therapists through platforms like Zoom or specialized telehealth software.

- Mobile Applications: Tools that provide exercises, track progress, and facilitate communication between patients and therapists.

- Wearable Devices: Sensors that monitor physiological parameters and provide data on patient performance.

2. Assessmentp:

- Initial Evaluation: Conducted via video or standardized questionnaires to understand the patient’s condition and needs.

- Ongoing Assessment: Regular check-ins to evaluate progress and adjust treatment plans.

3. Customized Rehabilitation Plans:

- Tailored Exercises: Specific exercises designed to address the unique challenges faced by each patient, often focusing on motor skills, balance, and coordination.

- Education: Providing patients and caregivers with information about their condition and rehabilitation strategies.

4. Intervention Techniquesp:

- Virtual Therapy Sessions: Direct therapy delivered via video, allowing for real-time feedback and adjustment of techniques.

- Home Exercise Programs: Structured programs that patients can perform independently at home, often monitored through apps.

5. Monitoring and Feedback:

- Progress Tracking: Use of technology to log exercises and improvements, enabling therapists to provide feedback.

- Patient Engagement: Tools to encourage adherence to the rehabilitation program through reminders and motivational features.

6. Challenges and Considerations:

- Technology Access: Ensuring patients have the necessary devices and internet connectivity.

- User Training: Educating patients and families on how to use tele-rehabilitation tools effectively.

- Regulatory Compliance: Adhering to healthcare regulations regarding telehealth services.

Advantage

Advantages of tele-rehabilitation for neurological cases include improved accessibility to rehabilitation services, especially for patients in remote areas. It provides flexibility, allowing patients to receive therapy from home, reducing the need for travel. Tele-rehabilitation can also offer continuous monitoring and feedback through digital tools, increasing patient engagement and adherence to therapy plans. Furthermore, it allows for cost-effective management of neurological conditions by minimizing transportation costs and clinic visits, making care more convenient and personalized. BERKSHIRE UNIVERSITY Exercise program A Research Poster About Climate Change

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The majority of telerehabilitation research was carried out on stroke patients. It has been discovered that telerehabilitation improves patient happiness and clinical measures such as hand function, balance, and function in stroke patients. However, telerehabilitation was found to have a positive impact on MS patients' overall quality of life as well as their muscle strength and endurance. In Parkinson's disease patients, telerehabilitation enhanced balance and function. Last but not least, telehealth applications improved aerobic capacity in patients with spinal cord injuries and intracranial tumors. It has been underlined that the patients' elderly age and internet access issues provide the biggest obstacles to telerehabilitation access, In conclusion, for patients undergoing neurologic rehabilitation, physical exercise combined with telerehabilitation yields positive outcomes in terms of quality of life, muscle strength and endurance, hand function, balance, and aerobic capacity.

Side effects

Telerehabilitation has proven its feasibility and effectiveness in neurological conditions, but it may face some challenges, such as those in (disadvantages, limitations), and thus may affect the patient and may lead to potential physical health risks and complications, psychosocial impairment, and potential negative family consequences. such as reduced capacity compared to face-to-face rehabilitation (effective patient monitoring). may lead to patient falls, as in cases of ataxia Inability to accurately assess the patient may lead to continued incorrect treatment. reduced patient interaction and team approach, unrealistic treatment environment, and uncertainty in the implementation process and the correctness may lead to physical health risks and complications, like patients becoming less independent, losing several functions, or becoming unable to carry out specific tasks. Lung issues, heart issues, and other health issues can all be brought on by decreased activity.

Limitation

The main challenges of tele-rehabilitation for neurological cases include the heavy reliance on technology, making it difficult for patients without proper devices or a stable internet connection to benefit. Therapists may also struggle to monitor patient progress as accurately as in-person sessions, impacting the effectiveness of treatment. Additionally, patients might feel a lack of personal support, affecting their motivation for therapy. In summary, while tele-rehabilitation offers better accessibility, it requires technological improvements and solutions to address personal support needs. B E R K S H I R E U N I Disadvantage V E R S I T Y

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A Research Poster About Climate Change Disadvantages of tele-rehabilitation 1. Insufficient infrastructure Weaknesses of infra-structure make an obstacle in the way of providing tele- rehabilitation (TR) services and lead to a reduction in the provision of services. Insu'icient infrastructure can be categorized into subcategories: Lack of specialized equipment, internet failure, insu'icient trained personnel, and insu'icient facilities.

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2. legal and moral hazard The patient may face security risks including his information being published online and his privacy being violated, as well as legal concerns that may result in the patient's family parting. This category includes five subcategories: patient information security, potential physical health risks, psychosocial vulnerability, and potential negative family consequences.

3. Low capacity compared to face-to-face rehabilitation This category includes the following subcategories: Inability to accurately assess the patient, reduce patient interaction and team approach, unrealistic treatment environment, uncertainty in the implementation process, time-consuming and limited to simple virtual and research methods.