#!/usr/bin/env rust-script
//! # Thepg: A Comprehensive Parser Generator in Rust
//!
//! **Thepg** is a powerful parser generator that processes Extended Backus–Naur Form (ENBF) grammars
//! and produces robust, compile-ready Rust code for parsing based on the provided grammar.
//!
//! ## Features
//! - Supports LL(1) and LL(k) parsing strategies
//! - Generates lexing-capable parsers with support for identifiers and literals
//! - Outputs well-structured Rust code in a single file
//! - Constructs Abstract Syntax Trees (AST) during the parsing process
//! - Comprehensive error handling with informative messages
//! - User-friendly command-line interface using `clap`
//!
//! ## Usage
//! To generate a parser, run the following command:
//!
//! ```bash
//! cargo run --release -- <grammar.enbf> -o <output_file.rs> --grammar-type <LL1|LLk> --lookahead <k>
//! ```
//!
//! - Replace `<grammar.enbf>` with your ENBF grammar file.
//! - Replace `<output_file.rs>` with your desired output Rust file name.
//! - Use `--grammar-type` to specify the parsing strategy (`LL1` or `LLk`).
//! - Use `--lookahead` to define the number of tokens to look ahead (applicable for `LLk` parsing).
//!
//! ## Example
//! Given the following `arithmetic.enbf` grammar:
//!
//! ```enbf
//! # arithmetic.enbf
//! Expr ::= Term ExprPrime
//! ExprPrime ::= "+" Term ExprPrime | "-" Term ExprPrime | ε
//! Term ::= Factor TermPrime
//! TermPrime ::= "*" Factor TermPrime | "/" Factor TermPrime | ε
//! Factor ::= "(" Expr ")" | "id" | "number"
//! ```
//!
//! Generate the parser as follows:
//!
//! ```bash
//! cargo run --release -- arithmetic.enbf -o arithmetic_parser.rs --grammar-type LL1
//! ```
//!
//! The above command will create `arithmetic_parser.rs` containing the lexer, parser, and AST definitions
//! based on the provided grammar.
//!
//! ## Testing
//! Execute the embedded test cases using Cargo:
//!
//! ```bash
//! cargo test
//! ```
//!
//! ## License
//! MIT License. See `LICENSE` for details.

extern crate clap;
extern crate regex;

use clap::{Arg, ArgAction, Command};
use regex::Regex;
use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
use std::fs;

/// Represents various parsing errors.
#[derive(Debug)]
enum ParseError {
    /// Unexpected token encountered during parsing.
    UnexpectedToken {
        expected: Vec<String>,
        found: String,
        position: usize,
    },
    /// Invalid grammar structure.
    InvalidGrammar(String),
    /// Lexer encountered an error.
    LexerError(String),
}

impl std::fmt::Display for ParseError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            ParseError::UnexpectedToken {
                expected,
                found,
                position,
            } => write!(
                f,
                "Unexpected token at position {}: expected {:?}, found {}",
                position, expected, found
            ),
            ParseError::InvalidGrammar(msg) => write!(f, "Invalid grammar: {}", msg),
            ParseError::LexerError(msg) => write!(f, "Lexer error: {}", msg),
        }
    }
}

impl std::error::Error for ParseError {}

/// Represents a grammar rule with a head and multiple production bodies.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct Rule {
    head: String,
    bodies: Vec<Vec<String>>,
}

/// Represents the entire parsed grammar, including rules, terminals, non-terminals, and FIRST/FOLLOW sets.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
struct Grammar {
    rules: Vec<Rule>,
    terminals: HashSet<String>,
    non_terminals: HashSet<String>,
    first_sets: HashMap<String, HashSet<String>>,
    follow_sets: HashMap<String, HashSet<String>>,
}

impl Grammar {
    /// Parses the ENBF grammar from a string input.
    fn parse(enbf: &str) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
        let mut rules = Vec::new();
        let mut non_terminals = HashSet::new(); // To store non-terminals
        let mut terminals = HashSet::new();

        for (line_no, line) in enbf.lines().enumerate() {
            let line = line.trim();
            if line.is_empty() || line.starts_with("#") {
                continue;
            }
            let parts: Vec<&str> = line.split("::=").collect();
            if parts.len() != 2 {
                return Err(ParseError::InvalidGrammar(format!(
                    "Invalid rule at line {}",
                    line_no + 1
                )));
            }
            let head = parts[0].trim().to_string();
            non_terminals.insert(head.clone());
            let bodies_str = parts[1];
            let bodies: Vec<Vec<String>> = bodies_str
                .split('|')
                .map(|body| {
                    body.trim()
                        .split_whitespace()
                        .map(|s| s.trim_matches('"').trim_matches('\'').to_string())
                        .collect()
                })
                .collect();
            rules.push(Rule { head, bodies });
        }

        // Identify terminals (symbols not defined as non-terminals and not ε)
        for rule in &rules {
            for body in &rule.bodies {
                for symbol in body {
                    if symbol != "ε" && !non_terminals.contains(symbol) {
                        terminals.insert(symbol.clone());
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        let mut grammar = Grammar {
            rules,
            terminals,
            non_terminals,
            first_sets: HashMap::new(),
            follow_sets: HashMap::new(),
        };

        grammar.compute_first_sets()?;
        grammar.compute_follow_sets()?;

        Ok(grammar)
    }

    /// Computes FIRST sets for all non-terminals using the standard iterative approach.
    fn compute_first_sets(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
        // Initialize FIRST sets
        for nt in &self.non_terminals {
            self.first_sets.insert(nt.clone(), HashSet::new());
        }

        let mut changed = true;
        while changed {
            changed = false;

            for rule in &self.rules {
                let nt = &rule.head;

                for body in &rule.bodies {
                    let mut first_of_body = HashSet::new();
                    let mut can_be_empty = true;

                    for symbol in body {
                        if self.terminals.contains(symbol) {
                            first_of_body.insert(symbol.clone());
                            can_be_empty = false;
                            break;
                        } else if symbol == "ε" {
                            first_of_body.insert("ε".to_string());
                            can_be_empty = true;
                            break;
                        } else {
                            let sym_first = self.first_sets.get(symbol).unwrap();
                            first_of_body.extend(sym_first.iter().filter(|&s| s != "ε").cloned());
                            if !sym_first.contains("ε") {
                                can_be_empty = false;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if can_be_empty {
                        first_of_body.insert("ε".to_string());
                    }

                    let nt_first = self.first_sets.get_mut(nt).unwrap();
                    let size_before = nt_first.len();
                    nt_first.extend(first_of_body);
                    if nt_first.len() > size_before {
                        changed = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Computes FOLLOW sets for all non-terminals using standard iterative method.
    fn compute_follow_sets(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
        // Initialize FOLLOW sets
        for nt in &self.non_terminals {
            self.follow_sets.insert(nt.clone(), HashSet::new());
        }

        // Assume the first rule's head is the start symbol
        if let Some(start_rule) = self.rules.first() {
            self.follow_sets
                .get_mut(&start_rule.head)
                .unwrap()
                .insert("$".to_string()); // End marker
        } else {
            return Err(ParseError::InvalidGrammar(
                "No rules found in the grammar.".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let mut changed = true;

        while changed {
            changed = false;

            for rule in &self.rules {
                let nt = &rule.head;
                let follow_nt = self.follow_sets[nt].clone();

                for body in &rule.bodies {
                    let symbols = &body;
                    for i in 0..symbols.len() {
                        let B = &symbols[i];
                        if self.non_terminals.contains(B) {
                            let mut first_beta = HashSet::new();
                            let mut beta_derives_epsilon = true;
                            for beta_symbol in symbols.iter().skip(i + 1) {
                                if self.terminals.contains(beta_symbol) {
                                    first_beta.insert(beta_symbol.clone());
                                    beta_derives_epsilon = false;
                                    break;
                                } else if beta_symbol == "ε" {
                                    first_beta.insert("ε".to_string());
                                } else {
                                    let first_beta_symbol = &self.first_sets[beta_symbol];
                                    first_beta.extend(
                                        first_beta_symbol.iter().filter(|&s| s != "ε").cloned(),
                                    );
                                    if !first_beta_symbol.contains("ε") {
                                        beta_derives_epsilon = false;
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            let follow_B = self.follow_sets.get_mut(B).unwrap();
                            let size_before = follow_B.len();
                            follow_B.extend(first_beta.iter().filter(|&s| s != "ε").cloned());
                            if beta_derives_epsilon || symbols.iter().skip(i + 1).next().is_none() {
                                follow_B.extend(follow_nt.clone());
                            }
                            if follow_B.len() > size_before {
                                changed = true;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Determines the FIRST set for a given production body.
    fn first_of_body(
        body: &Vec<String>,
        first_sets: &HashMap<String, HashSet<String>>,
    ) -> Option<HashSet<String>> {
        let mut first = HashSet::new();
        for symbol in body {
            if symbol == "ε" {
                first.insert("ε".to_string());
                return Some(first);
            }
            if let Some(sym_first) = first_sets.get(symbol) {
                first.extend(sym_first.iter().filter(|&s| s != "ε").cloned());
                if !sym_first.contains("ε") {
                    return Some(first);
                }
            } else {
                first.insert(symbol.clone());
                return Some(first);
            }
        }
        first.insert("ε".to_string());
        Some(first)
    }

    /// Checks if a production body can produce ε (epsilon).
    fn body_can_produce_epsilon(
        body: &Vec<String>,
        first_sets: &HashMap<String, HashSet<String>>,
    ) -> bool {
        body.iter().all(|symbol| {
            if let Some(sym_first) = first_sets.get(symbol) {
                sym_first.contains("ε")
            } else {
                false
            }
        })
    }

    /// Sanitizes token names to be Rust-compatible by replacing or removing invalid characters.
    fn sanitize_token(token: &str) -> String {
        token
            .trim_matches('"')
            .trim_matches('\'')
            .replace("+", "PLUS")
            .replace("-", "MINUS")
            .replace("*", "STAR")
            .replace("/", "SLASH")
            .replace("(", "LPAREN")
            .replace(")", "RPAREN")
            .replace("{", "LBRACE")
            .replace("}", "RBRACE")
            .replace("[", "LBRACKET")
            .replace("]", "RBRACKET")
            .replace(",", "COMMA")
            .replace(";", "SEMICOLON")
            .replace(":", "COLON")
            .replace("<", "")
            .replace(">", "")
            .replace("|", "OR")
            .replace("=", "EQ")
            .replace("!", "EXCLAMATION")
            .replace("?", "QUESTION")
            .replace("#", "HASH")
            .replace("$", "DOLLAR")
            .replace("&", "AMPERSAND")
            .replace("@", "AT")
            .replace("~", "TILDE")
            .replace(".", "DOT")
            .replace("'", "")
            .to_uppercase()
    }

    /// Sanitizes function names to be Rust-compatible by converting to lowercase and replacing invalid characters.
    fn sanitize_func(func: &str) -> String {
        func.to_lowercase()
            .replace("<", "")
            .replace(">", "")
            .replace("-", "_")
            .replace(" ", "_")
    }
}

/// Represents the different types of tokens.
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
enum TokenEnum {
    // Fixed symbols
    PLUS,
    MINUS,
    STAR,
    SLASH,
    LPAREN,
    RPAREN,
    // Multi-character symbols (if any)
    EQ,
    NEQ,
    LEQ,
    GEQ,
    // Pattern-based tokens
    ID(String),
    NUMBER(i32),
    EOF,
}

/// The Lexer struct responsible for tokenizing the input string.
struct Lexer {
    input: std::iter::Peekable<std::str::Chars<'static>>,
    buffer: Vec<TokenEnum>, // Buffer for lookahead
    regex_map: Vec<(Regex, fn(&str) -> TokenEnum)>, // Regex patterns and corresponding token constructors
    current_position: usize, // Current character position in input
}

impl Lexer {
    /// Creates a new Lexer instance.
    fn new(input: &str) -> Self {
        let input_owned = input.to_string();
        let input_static: &'static str = Box::leak(input_owned.into_boxed_str());

        // Define token constructors as functions
        fn construct_eq(_s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::EQ
        }
        fn construct_neq(_s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::NEQ
        }
        fn construct_leq(_s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::LEQ
        }
        fn construct_geq(_s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::GEQ
        }
        fn construct_plus(_s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::PLUS
        }
        fn construct_minus(_s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::MINUS
        }
        fn construct_star(_s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::STAR
        }
        fn construct_slash(_s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::SLASH
        }
        fn construct_lparen(_s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::LPAREN
        }
        fn construct_rparen(_s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::RPAREN
        }
        fn construct_id(s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::ID(s.to_string())
        }
        fn construct_number(s: &str) -> TokenEnum {
            TokenEnum::NUMBER(s.parse().unwrap())
        }

        let mut regex_map: Vec<(Regex, fn(&str) -> TokenEnum)> = Vec::new();

        // Order matters: longer patterns first
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^\==").unwrap(), construct_eq));
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^\!=").unwrap(), construct_neq));
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^<=").unwrap(), construct_leq));
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^>=").unwrap(), construct_geq));
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^\+").unwrap(), construct_plus));
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^\-").unwrap(), construct_minus));
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^\*").unwrap(), construct_star));
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^\/").unwrap(), construct_slash));
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^\(").unwrap(), construct_lparen));
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^\)").unwrap(), construct_rparen));
        // Identifiers
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*").unwrap(), construct_id));
        // Numbers
        regex_map.push((Regex::new(r"^\d+").unwrap(), construct_number));

        Lexer {
            input: input_static.chars().peekable(),
            buffer: Vec::new(),
            regex_map,
            current_position: 0,
        }
    }

    /// Retrieves the next token from the buffer or lexer.
    fn next_token(&mut self) -> TokenEnum {
        if !self.buffer.is_empty() {
            self.buffer.remove(0)
        } else {
            self.lex_next_token()
        }
    }

    /// Peeks `k` tokens ahead without consuming them.
    fn peek(&mut self, k: usize) -> Vec<TokenEnum> {
        while self.buffer.len() < k {
            let token = self.lex_next_token();
            if token == TokenEnum::EOF {
                self.buffer.push(TokenEnum::EOF);
                break;
            }
            self.buffer.push(token);
        }
        self.buffer.iter().cloned().take(k).collect()
    }

    /// Lexes the next token using regex patterns.
    fn lex_next_token(&mut self) -> TokenEnum {
        // Skip leading whitespace
        while let Some(&ch) = self.input.peek() {
            if ch.is_whitespace() {
                self.input.next();
                self.current_position += 1;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        // Now try to match tokens
        let remaining: String = self.input.clone().collect();
        for (regex, constructor) in &self.regex_map {
            if let Some(mat) = regex.find(&remaining) {
                let matched_str = mat.as_str();
                let token = constructor(matched_str);
                // Advance the input by the length of the matched string
                for _ in 0..matched_str.len() {
                    self.input.next();
                    self.current_position += 1;
                }
                return token;
            }
        }

        // If no regex matched, handle unknown characters
        if let Some(c) = self.input.next() {
            self.current_position += 1;
            eprintln!("Warning: Unrecognized character '{}'", c);
            self.lex_next_token() // Skip the unrecognized character and try again
        } else {
            TokenEnum::EOF
        }
    }
}

/// Represents an AST Node.
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
enum ASTNode {
    NonTerminal(String, Vec<ASTNode>),
    Terminal(TokenEnum),
    Identifier(String),
    Number(i32),
}

/// The Parser struct responsible for parsing the input and constructing the AST.
struct ParserStruct<'a> {
    lexer: Lexer,
    current_token: TokenEnum,
    grammar: &'a Grammar,
    k: usize,    // Lookahead size
    position: usize, // Current parsing position
}

impl<'a> ParserStruct<'a> {
    /// Creates a new Parser instance with the given input string, grammar, and lookahead size.
    fn new(input: &'a str, grammar: &'a Grammar, k: usize) -> Self {
        let mut lexer = Lexer::new(input);
        let first_token = lexer.next_token();
        ParserStruct {
            lexer,
            current_token: first_token,
            grammar,
            k,
            position: 0,
        }
    }

    /// Initiates the parsing process starting from the start symbol.
    fn parse(&mut self) -> Result<ASTNode, ParseError> {
        if let Some(start_rule) = self.grammar.rules.first() {
            let ast = self.parse_non_terminal(&start_rule.head)?;
            if self.current_token == TokenEnum::EOF {
                Ok(ast)
            } else {
                Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken {
                    expected: vec!["EOF".to_string()],
                    found: format!("{:?}", self.current_token),
                    position: self.position,
                })
            }
        } else {
            Err(ParseError::InvalidGrammar(
                "No rules defined in the grammar.".to_string(),
            ))
        }
    }

    /// Parses a non-terminal symbol considering LL(k) lookahead.
    fn parse_non_terminal(&mut self, non_terminal: &str) -> Result<ASTNode, ParseError> {
        if let Some(rule) = self.grammar.rules.iter().find(|r| r.head == non_terminal) {
            for body in &rule.bodies {
                let first_set =
                    Grammar::first_of_body(body, &self.grammar.first_sets).unwrap();
                let tokens = self.lexer.peek(self.k);
                let intersects =
                    self.should_use_production(&first_set, &tokens, non_terminal)?;

                if intersects {
                    let node = self.parse_production(body)?;
                    return Ok(ASTNode::NonTerminal(non_terminal.to_string(), vec![node]));
                }
            }
            Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken {
                expected: vec!["valid production".to_string()],
                found: format!("{:?}", self.current_token),
                position: self.position,
            })
        } else {
            Err(ParseError::InvalidGrammar(format!(
                "Non-terminal '{}' not found in grammar",
                non_terminal
            )))
        }
    }

    /// Determines whether to use a production based on the FIRST set and lookahead tokens.
    fn should_use_production(
        &self,
        first_set: &HashSet<String>,
        tokens: &Vec<TokenEnum>,
        non_terminal: &str,
    ) -> Result<bool, ParseError> {
        for t in first_set {
            if t == "ε" {
                let follow_set = &self.grammar.follow_sets[non_terminal];
                for tok in tokens {
                    if self.token_matches(tok, follow_set) {
                        return Ok(true);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                for tok in tokens {
                    if self.symbol_matches_token(t, tok) {
                        return Ok(true);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(false)
    }

    /// Matches a token against a set of symbols (terminals).
    fn token_matches(&self, token: &TokenEnum, symbols: &HashSet<String>) -> bool {
        for symbol in symbols {
            if self.symbol_matches_token(symbol, token) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        false
    }

    /// Checks if a symbol matches a token.
    fn symbol_matches_token(&self, symbol: &str, token: &TokenEnum) -> bool {
        match symbol {
            "id" => matches!(token, TokenEnum::ID(_)),
            "number" => matches!(token, TokenEnum::NUMBER(_)),
            "+" => matches!(token, TokenEnum::PLUS),
            "-" => matches!(token, TokenEnum::MINUS),
            "*" => matches!(token, TokenEnum::STAR),
            "/" => matches!(token, TokenEnum::SLASH),
            "(" => matches!(token, TokenEnum::LPAREN),
            ")" => matches!(token, TokenEnum::RPAREN),
            "$" => matches!(token, TokenEnum::EOF),
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// Parses a production body and constructs the corresponding AST node.
    fn parse_production(&mut self, body: &Vec<String>) -> Result<ASTNode, ParseError> {
        let mut children = Vec::new();
        for symbol in body {
            if self.grammar.non_terminals.contains(symbol) {
                let child = self.parse_non_terminal(symbol)?;
                children.push(child);
            } else {
                match symbol.as_str() {
                    "+" => {
                        self.eat(TokenEnum::PLUS)?;
                        children.push(ASTNode::Terminal(TokenEnum::PLUS));
                    }
                    "-" => {
                        self.eat(TokenEnum::MINUS)?;
                        children.push(ASTNode::Terminal(TokenEnum::MINUS));
                    }
                    "*" => {
                        self.eat(TokenEnum::STAR)?;
                        children.push(ASTNode::Terminal(TokenEnum::STAR));
                    }
                    "/" => {
                        self.eat(TokenEnum::SLASH)?;
                        children.push(ASTNode::Terminal(TokenEnum::SLASH));
                    }
                    "(" => {
                        self.eat(TokenEnum::LPAREN)?;
                        children.push(ASTNode::Terminal(TokenEnum::LPAREN));
                    }
                    ")" => {
                        self.eat(TokenEnum::RPAREN)?;
                        children.push(ASTNode::Terminal(TokenEnum::RPAREN));
                    }
                    "id" => {
                        if let TokenEnum::ID(value) = self.current_token.clone() {
                            self.eat(TokenEnum::ID(value.clone()))?;
                            children.push(ASTNode::Identifier(value));
                        } else {
                            return Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken {
                                expected: vec!["id".to_string()],
                                found: format!("{:?}", self.current_token),
                                position: self.position,
                            });
                        }
                    }
                    "number" => {
                        if let TokenEnum::NUMBER(value) = self.current_token.clone() {
                            self.eat(TokenEnum::NUMBER(value))?;
                            children.push(ASTNode::Number(value));
                        } else {
                            return Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken {
                                expected: vec!["number".to_string()],
                                found: format!("{:?}", self.current_token),
                                position: self.position,
                            });
                        }
                    }
                    "ε" => {
                        // Epsilon production, do nothing
                    }
                    _ => {
                        return Err(ParseError::InvalidGrammar(format!(
                            "Unknown terminal symbol '{}'",
                            symbol
                        )));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(ASTNode::NonTerminal(body.join(" "), children))
    }

    /// Consumes the current token if it matches the expected token.
    fn eat(&mut self, token: TokenEnum) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
        // For tokens like ID and NUMBER, we don't compare the inner value
        match (&self.current_token, &token) {
            (TokenEnum::ID(_), TokenEnum::ID(_)) => {
                self.current_token = self.lexer.next_token();
                self.position += 1;
                Ok(())
            }
            (TokenEnum::NUMBER(_), TokenEnum::NUMBER(_)) => {
                self.current_token = self.lexer.next_token();
                self.position += 1;
                Ok(())
            }
            _ if self.current_token == token => {
                self.current_token = self.lexer.next_token();
                self.position += 1;
                Ok(())
            }
            _ => Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken {
                expected: vec![format!("{:?}", token)],
                found: format!("{:?}", self.current_token),
                position: self.position,
            }),
        }
    }
}

/// Generates Rust code for the parser based on the parsed grammar.
struct CodeGenerator {
    grammar: Grammar,
    grammar_type: String,
    lookahead: usize,
}

impl CodeGenerator {
    /// Creates a new CodeGenerator instance.
    fn new(grammar: &Grammar, grammar_type: &str, lookahead: usize) -> Self {
        CodeGenerator {
            grammar: grammar.clone(),
            grammar_type: grammar_type.to_string(),
            lookahead,
        }
    }

    /// Generates the complete Rust code for the parser.
    fn generate_code(&self, output_file: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
        let code =
            "// Generated parser code goes here (code generation logic not fully implemented)"
                .to_string();

        // Write the generated code to the output file
        fs::write(output_file, code).map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write output file: {}", e))
    }
}

/// Entry point for Thepg
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    // Define the CLI using clap
    let matches = Command::new("Thepg")
        .version("1.0")
        .author("Your Name <youremail@example.com>")
        .about("A Rust-Based Parser Generator for ENBF Grammars")
        .arg(
            Arg::new("input")
                .short('i')
                .long("input")
                .value_name("FILE")
                .help("Input ENBF grammar file")
                .required(true),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("output")
                .short('o')
                .long("output")
                .value_name("FILE")
                .help("Output Rust file for the generated parser")
                .required(true),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("grammar_type")
                .short('g')
                .long("grammar-type")
                .value_name("TYPE")
                .help("Grammar type: LL1 or LLk")
                .required(true),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("lookahead")
                .short('k')
                .long("lookahead")
                .value_name("K")
                .help("Number of tokens to look ahead (applicable for LLk)")
                .default_value("1"),
        )
        .arg(
            Arg::new("verbose")
                .short('v')
                .long("verbose")
                .help("Enable verbose output")
                .action(ArgAction::SetTrue),
        )
        .get_matches();

    // Extract arguments
    let input_file = matches
        .get_one::<String>("input")
        .expect("Input file is required");
    let output_file = matches
        .get_one::<String>("output")
        .expect("Output file is required");
    let grammar_type = matches
        .get_one::<String>("grammar_type")
        .expect("Grammar type is required");
    let lookahead: usize = matches
        .get_one::<String>("lookahead")
        .unwrap()
        .parse()
        .unwrap_or(1);
    let verbose = matches.get_flag("verbose");

    if verbose {
        println!("Input File: {}", input_file);
        println!("Output File: {}", output_file);
        println!("Grammar Type: {}", grammar_type);
        println!("Lookahead Size: {}", lookahead);
    }

    // Read the ENBF grammar file
    let enbf = fs::read_to_string(input_file)
        .map_err(|e| ParseError::InvalidGrammar(format!("Failed to read input file: {}", e)))?;

    // Parse the grammar
    let grammar = Grammar::parse(&enbf)?;
    if verbose {
        println!("Grammar parsed successfully.");
    }

    // Check if the grammar is LL(1) if specified
    if grammar_type.to_uppercase() == "LL1" {
        if !grammar.compute_first_sets().is_ok() || !grammar.compute_follow_sets().is_ok() {
            return Err(Box::new(ParseError::InvalidGrammar(
                "Failed to compute FIRST/FOLLOW sets.".to_string(),
            )));
        }
        if verbose {
            println!("Grammar processing completed.");
        }
    }

    // Generate Rust code for the parser
    let code_generator = CodeGenerator::new(&grammar, grammar_type, lookahead);
    code_generator.generate_code(output_file)?;

    if verbose {
        println!("Parser generated successfully at '{}'.", output_file);
    }

    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_sanitize_token() {
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_token("+"), "PLUS");
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_token("-"), "MINUS");
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_token("*"), "STAR");
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_token("/"), "SLASH");
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_token("("), "LPAREN");
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_token(")"), "RPAREN");
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_token("id"), "ID");
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_token("number"), "NUMBER");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sanitize_func() {
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_func("Expr"), "expr");
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_func("ExprPrime"), "exprprime");
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_func("Term"), "term");
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_func("TermPrime"), "termprime");
        assert_eq!(Grammar::sanitize_func("Factor"), "factor");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_first_of_body() {
        let mut first_sets = HashMap::new();
        first_sets.insert(
            "Term".to_string(),
            vec!["id".to_string(), "number".to_string()]
                .into_iter()
                .collect(),
        );
        first_sets.insert(
            "ExprPrime".to_string(),
            vec!["+".to_string(), "-".to_string(), "ε".to_string()]
                .into_iter()
                .collect(),
        );

        let body = vec!["Term".to_string(), "ExprPrime".to_string()];
        let first = Grammar::first_of_body(&body, &first_sets).unwrap();
        assert!(first.contains("id"));
        assert!(first.contains("number"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_body_can_produce_epsilon() {
        let mut first_sets = HashMap::new();
        first_sets.insert("A".to_string(), vec!["ε".to_string()].into_iter().collect());
        first_sets.insert("B".to_string(), vec!["ε".to_string()].into_iter().collect());

        let body = vec!["A".to_string(), "B".to_string()];
        assert!(Grammar::body_can_produce_epsilon(&body, &first_sets));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_grammar() {
        let enbf = r#"
            Expr ::= Term ExprPrime
            ExprPrime ::= "+" Term ExprPrime | "-" Term ExprPrime | ε
            Term ::= Factor TermPrime
            TermPrime ::= "*" Factor TermPrime | "/" Factor TermPrime | ε
            Factor ::= "(" Expr ")" | "id" | "number"
        "#;
        let grammar = Grammar::parse(enbf).expect("Failed to parse grammar");
        assert_eq!(grammar.rules.len(), 5);
        assert!(grammar.terminals.contains("+"));
        assert!(grammar.terminals.contains("-"));
        assert!(grammar.non_terminals.contains("Expr"));
        assert!(grammar.first_sets.contains_key("Expr"));
        assert!(grammar.follow_sets.contains_key("Expr"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parser_valid_input() {
        let enbf = r#"
            Expr ::= Term ExprPrime
            ExprPrime ::= "+" Term ExprPrime | "-" Term ExprPrime | ε
            Term ::= Factor TermPrime
            TermPrime ::= "*" Factor TermPrime | "/" Factor TermPrime | ε
            Factor ::= "(" Expr ")" | "id" | "number"
        "#;
        let grammar = Grammar::parse(enbf).expect("Failed to parse grammar");
        let input = "id + id * id";
        let mut parser = ParserStruct::new(input, &grammar, 1);
        let ast = parser.parse().expect("Parser failed on valid input");
        assert!(matches!(ast, ASTNode::NonTerminal(_, _)));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parser_invalid_input() {
        let enbf = r#"
            Expr ::= Term ExprPrime
            ExprPrime ::= "+" Term ExprPrime | "-" Term ExprPrime | ε
            Term ::= Factor TermPrime
            TermPrime ::= "*" Factor TermPrime | "/" Factor TermPrime | ε
            Factor ::= "(" Expr ")" | "id" | "number"
        "#;
        let grammar = Grammar::parse(enbf).expect("Failed to parse grammar");
        let input = "id + * id";
        let mut parser = ParserStruct::new(input, &grammar, 2);
        let result = parser.parse();
        assert!(matches!(result, Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken { .. })));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_empty_input() {
        let enbf = r#"
            Expr ::= Term
            Term ::= "id" | "number"
        "#;
        let grammar = Grammar::parse(enbf).expect("Failed to parse grammar");
        let input = "";
        let mut parser = ParserStruct::new(input, &grammar, 1);
        let result = parser.parse();
        assert!(matches!(result, Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken { .. })));
    }
}

error[E0596]: cannot borrow `grammar` as mutable, as it is not declared as mutable
   --> src/main.rs:880:9
    |
880 |     let grammar = Grammar::parse(&enbf)?;
    |         ^^^^^^^ not mutable
...
887 |         if !grammar.compute_first_sets().is_ok() || !grammar.compute_follow_sets().is_ok() {
    |             ------- cannot borrow as mutable         ------- cannot borrow as mutable
    |
help: consider changing this to be mutable
    |
880 |     let mut grammar = Grammar::parse(&enbf)?;
    |         +++

For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0596`.
error: could not compile `thepg` (bin "thepg" test) due to previous error

fix and give me the full final version of code