Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            for digestion, absorption, secretion , exertion, 
mobility of ions. 
3. Water has an ionizing property: 
12 
 
Means water can dissociate into OH- and H+ which is very important 
property in many aspects. 
4.  Essential for all sensations except tactile one 
5. Body temperature regulation. 
6. Makes tissue pliable and flexible. 
Body electrolyte 
• Normal value of electrolyte: represents 7%  of  Body Weight 
• Importance of electrolyte: 
1. Maintain  osmolarity   of  body fluid 
    Osmolarity: numbers of osmoles/ liter of solvent .  
2. water content & distribution 
3. Each electrolyte has specific function e.g ca++  in 
mineralization of bone 
4. Determine cell membrane potential. 
5. Affected by acid base balance  
 1. Sodium is the main ECF cation while potassium 
predominate in ICF 
13 
 
2.  chloride is the principal ECF anion  but phosphate and sulphate  
predominate inside cell.
    
Types of solutions. 
 
 
 
Classified into 3 types according to size of dissolved particle: 
 
True solution 
Colloidal 
solution 
Suspension 
Size of particle 
< 1nm 
1-200 nm 
>200nm 
Stability 
& 
homogeneity 
Stable 
& 
homogenous 
Stable 
& 
homogenous 
unstable 
& 
precipitate 
Filtration 
Pass freely through 
semi- permeable –  
pass through filter 
paper 
Cannot 
 
Can 
Cannot 
 
Cannot 
 
14 
 
e.g 
Nacl 
– 
glucose 
solution 
Egg, albumin and 
starch solution 
Blood, sand and 
charcoal solution 
Definitions: 
Mol: molecular weight (𝑀𝑊) 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 – usually 
expressed in one liter 
Equivalent: it is MW of ionized substance divided by its valence 
Osmoles:   𝑀𝑊) 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 
                   No. of osmotically active particles 
e.g  one osmole of NaCL = 58.5/2= 29.25 gm. 
Osmolality: it is a number of osmoles/ kg of solution.  
As the only solvent in the body is water so osmolarity=osmolality 
Tonicity: it is the osmolarity of solution of non-penetrating solutes relative 
to the osmolarity of the plasma which is normally 300 mosm /L. 
        Types of tonic solution:  
 
Isotonic 
solution 
Hypotonic 
solution 
Hyper tonic 
solution 
Its osmolarity 
=300 mosm/l 
<300 mosm/l 
>300 mosm/l 
If injected in 
the body 
Cells neither 
shrink nor swell 
swell 
shrink 
15 
 
e.g 
0.9% NaCL 
<0.9% NaCL 
>0.9% NaCL 
      
Homeostasis 
Definition:  is the property of a system in which a variable is actively regulated 
to remain very nearly constant. This regulation occurs inside a defined 
environment ( ECF)  (internal environment). 
Parameters involved in the homeostasis: 
1) Regulation of water balance.  
2) Regulation of acid base balance. 
3) Regulation of electrolytes balance.  
4) Regulation of hormonal secretion. 
5) Regulation of body temperature. 
6) Regulation of arterial blood pressure. 
Basic component of homeostatic control system: 
1. Receptors: they detect changes in the internal or external environment  
2. Afferent pathway: pathway through which signal are sent from 
detector to the control center through short and long lo

            Quiz: