Analyze the following python 3.12 code. Collect all python concepts that the code uses and write an easy to understand guide that explains all of them for someone that has no prior python knowledge. Incorporate examples in your explanations where useful. Structure you guide so that it starts at the basics and goes up to the more complex concepts. After reading the guide the reader should have a clear understanding of python and how the code works. Python 3.12 Code: import ctypes
import logging
import os
import shutil
import subprocess
import threading
import time
import tkinter as tk
from collections import defaultdict
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, Future
from contextlib import contextmanager
from pathlib import Path
from queue import Queue
from tkinter import filedialog
from tkinter import ttk
from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Sequence, Union, Generator, cast

from dataclasses import dataclass, field

import tempfile
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image

# --- Configuration ---


@dataclass
class SharedState:
    """Represents the shared state across the application."""

    processed_files_lock: threading.Lock = field(default_factory=threading.Lock)
    processed_files_count: int = 0
    total_files_count: int = 0
    log_message_queue: Queue[str] = field(default_factory=Queue)
    tab_messages: dict[str, list[str]] = field(
        default_factory=lambda: {"Log": [], "Black": [], "White": [], "Color": []}
    )
    stop_event: threading.Event = field(default_factory=threading.Event)


class Config:
    """Configuration settings for the image processing application."""

    SCRIPT_DIR: Path = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
    INPUT_FOLDER: Path = Path(os.getenv("INPUT_FOLDER", SCRIPT_DIR / "1. Input"))
    OUTPUT_FOLDER: Path = Path(os.getenv("OUTPUT_FOLDER", SCRIPT_DIR / "2. Output"))
    DEFAULT_INPUT_FOLDER: Path = INPUT_FOLDER
    DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FOLDER: Path = OUTPUT_FOLDER
    DEFAULT_RENAME_PATTERN: str = "{Filename}"

    # Executable Paths
    IMAGEMAGICK: Path = Path(
        os.getenv(
            "IMAGEMAGICK", "D:/Bilder/Python/0. Code/Requirements/ImageMagick.exe"
        )
    )
    FFMPEG: Path = Path(
        os.getenv("FFMPEG", "D:/Bilder/Python/0. Code/Requirements/ffmpeg.exe")
    )

    # Supported File Extensions
    AUDIO_EXTENSIONS: set[str] = {".mka", ".mpga", ".mp3", ".aac", ".flac", ".opus", ".ogg"}
    IMAGE_EXTENSIONS: set[str] = {".png", ".jpg", ".jpeg", ".webp"}
    VIDEO_EXTENSIONS: set[str] = {".mkv", ".mp4"}

    # Display and Formatting Constants
    SEPARATOR_LENGTH: int = 310
    PADDING_LENGTH: int = 82
    PROGRESS_BAR_LENGTH: int = 100

    # Default Resize Options
    DEFAULT_RESIZE_MODE: str = "Shortest Side"
    DEFAULT_RESIZE_WIDTH: int = 0
    DEFAULT_RESIZE_HEIGHT: int = 0
    DEFAULT_RESIZE_SIDE: int = 1600
    DEFAULT_RESIZE_FORMAT: str = "png"

    # Color Detection Thresholds
    COLORDIFF_THRESHOLD: int = 5
    FRACTION_COLORED_PIXELS_THRESHOLD: float = 0.03

    @classmethod
    def setup(cls) -> None:
        """Create output directory and configure logging settings."""
        cls.OUTPUT_FOLDER.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        logging.getLogger("PIL").setLevel(logging.WARNING)

    @classmethod
    def initialize(cls) -> SharedState:
        """Initialize configuration and return shared state."""
        cls.setup()
        return SharedState()


@contextmanager
def create_temp_folder() -> Generator[Path, None, None]:
    """Yield a temporary folder within the output directory."""
    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir=Config.OUTPUT_FOLDER) as temp_dir:
        yield Path(temp_dir)


# --- Logging ---


def log_errors(error_queue: Queue[tuple[Path, list[str]]]) -> None:
    """Log errors from the error queue."""
    error_dict: dict[Path, list[str]] = defaultdict(list)
    while not error_queue.empty():
        file_path, error_messages = error_queue.get()
        error_dict[file_path].extend(error_messages)

    if error_dict:
        shared_state.log_message_queue.put("UPDATE_LOG")
        for file_path in sorted(error_dict.keys()):
            shared_state.log_message_queue.put(f"{file_path.resolve()}")
            shared_state.log_message_queue.put("")
            for error_message in sorted(error_dict[file_path]):
                log_error(error_message)
            shared_state.log_message_queue.put("")


def log_and_execute(
    choice: str, label: str, function: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any
) -> None:
    """Log the execution of a function and run it in a separate thread."""

    def run_in_thread() -> None:
        start_time = time.time()
        separator = "-" * Config.SEPARATOR_LENGTH
        shared_state.log_message_queue.put(f"{separator}\n{label}\n{separator}\n")

        try:
            total_files = function(*args)
        except FileNotFoundError as e:
            log_error(str(e))
            total_files = 0
        except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
            log_error(f"An error occurred during '{label}': {e}")
            total_files = 0

        end_time = time.time()
        execution_time = end_time - start_time

        shared_state.log_message_queue.put("")
        image_processor.collect_processing_results(Config.OUTPUT_FOLDER, choice)

        app.after(0, app.update_final_status, execution_time)
        app.after(0, app.update_text_area)

    thread = threading.Thread(target=run_in_thread)
    thread.start()


# --- Utility Functions ---


def log_error(message: str) -> None:
    """Log an error message to the shared state queue."""
    shared_state.log_message_queue.put(f"- {message}")


def validate_and_load_image(path: Path) -> Optional[Image.Image]:
    """Validate and load image, return None if invalid."""
    try:
        with Image.open(path) as img:
            match img.mode:
                case "P":
                    return img.convert("L")
                case "L" | "RGB" | "RGBA":
                    return img.copy()
                case _:
                    return img.convert("RGB")
    except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
        log_error(f"Error reading image {path}: {e}")
        return None


def load_image_as_array(path: Path, mode: Optional[str] = None) -> Optional[np.ndarray]:
    """Load an image and convert it to a NumPy array with error handling."""
    img = validate_and_load_image(path)
    if img is None:
        return None
    if mode is not None:
        img = img.convert(mode)
    try:
        return np.array(img)
    except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
        log_error(f"Error converting image to array {path}: {e}")
        return None


def convert_png_to_jpg(input_path: Path, output_path: Path) -> None:
    """Convert a PNG image to JPG format."""
    try:
        with Image.open(input_path) as img:
            if img.mode not in ("RGB", "L"):
                img = img.convert("RGB")

            jpg_path = output_path.with_suffix(".jpg")
            img.save(jpg_path, format="JPEG", quality=80, subsampling=0)

        input_path.unlink()
    except Exception as e:
        log_error(f"Error converting {input_path} to JPG: {e}")


def check_executable(executable: Path, name: str) -> None:
    """Check if a given executable is available in the system."""
    if not shutil.which(str(executable)):
        raise FileNotFoundError(f"- {name} executable not found at: {executable}")


def increment_processed_count(start_time: float, total_files: int) -> None:
    """Safely increment the processed files count and update the status."""
    with shared_state.processed_files_lock:
        shared_state.processed_files_count += 1
    update_status(start_time, shared_state.processed_files_count, total_files)


def renamer(pattern: str, original_filename: str) -> str:
    """Rename the file based on the provided pattern."""
    base, ext = os.path.splitext(original_filename)
    new_base = pattern.replace("{Filename}", base).strip()

    # Ensure the new base name is not empty
    if not new_base:
        new_base = base

    # Replace or remove any illegal characters if necessary
    illegal_chars = r'\/:*?"<>|'
    for char in illegal_chars:
        new_base = new_base.replace(char, "_")

    return f"{new_base}{ext}"


# --- Process Bar and Multithreading ---


def update_status(start_time: float, processed_count: int, total_files: int) -> None:
    """Update the application's status text with processing details."""
    elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
    minutes, seconds = divmod(int(elapsed_time), 60)
    elapsed_time_str = f"{minutes:02d}:{seconds:02d}"

    start_time_str = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.localtime(start_time))
    status_text = (
        f"Start Time: {start_time_str} - "
        f"Processed Files: {processed_count}/{total_files} - "
        f"Elapsed Time: {elapsed_time_str} Minutes"
    )

    padded_status_text = status_text.ljust(Config.PADDING_LENGTH)
    app.update_status_text(padded_status_text)


def update_elapsed_time(
    start_time: float, total_files: int, stop_event: threading.Event
) -> None:
    """Continuously update the elapsed time until the stop event is set."""
    while not stop_event.is_set():
        update_status(start_time, shared_state.processed_files_count, total_files)
        time.sleep(1)


def start_elapsed_time_thread(
    start_time: float, total_files: int, stop_event: threading.Event
) -> threading.Thread:
    """Start a thread to update the elapsed time."""
    thread = threading.Thread(
        target=update_elapsed_time,
        args=(start_time, total_files, stop_event),
        daemon=True,
    )
    thread.start()
    return thread


def run_with_thread_pool(
    tasks: Sequence[Path], process_func: Callable[..., Any], *args: Any
) -> int:
    """Execute tasks using a thread pool, updating progress and handling errors."""
    shared_state.processed_files_count = 0
    shared_state.total_files_count = total = len(tasks)
    start_time = time.time()

    app.update_progress(0)

    stop_event = threading.Event()
    elapsed_time_thread = start_elapsed_time_thread(start_time, total, stop_event)

    try:
        with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
            futures: list[Future] = [
                executor.submit(process_func, task, *args) for task in tasks
            ]

            for index, future in enumerate(futures, start=1):
                if shared_state.stop_event.is_set():
                    for f in futures:
                        f.cancel()
                    break
                try:
                    future.result()
                except Exception as e:
                    log_error(f"Error during processing: {e}")
                finally:
                    progress = (index / total) * 100
                    app.update_progress(progress)
    finally:
        stop_event.set()
        elapsed_time_thread.join()

    return total


# --- Color Detection And Adjustment ---


def is_color_image(
    img: np.ndarray,
    diff_threshold: int = Config.COLORDIFF_THRESHOLD,
    fraction_threshold: float = Config.FRACTION_COLORED_PIXELS_THRESHOLD,
) -> bool:
    """Determine if an image is color based on RGB channel differences."""
    # Check if the image has three channels (RGB)
    if img.ndim != 3 or img.shape[2] != 3:
        return False

    # Calculate the peak-to-peak (max - min) difference across the RGB channels for each pixel
    max_diff = np.ptp(img, axis=2)

    # Compute the fraction of pixels where the max difference exceeds the threshold
    fraction_colored = np.mean(max_diff > diff_threshold)

    # Determine if the image meets or exceeds the required fraction of colored pixels
    return fraction_colored >= fraction_threshold


def adjust_values(img: np.ndarray) -> tuple[np.ndarray, int, int]:
    """Adjust the values of a grayscale image."""
    try:
        # Calculate modal white value in the range [250, 256)
        hist_white, bins_white = np.histogram(img[img >= 250], bins=6, range=(250, 256))
        modal_white = int(bins_white[np.argmax(hist_white)])

        # Calculate modal black value in the range [0, 61)
        hist_black, bins_black = np.histogram(img[img < 61], bins=61, range=(0, 61))
        modal_black = int(bins_black[np.argmax(hist_black)])

        # Convert image to float for processing
        adjusted = img.astype(np.float64)

        # Create a mask for extreme original values (0 and 255)
        mask = (img == 0) | (img == 255)

        # Exclude extreme values from the white adjustment
        white_adjust_mask = ~mask

        # Scale image if modal white is not at maximum intensity
        if modal_white != 255:
            adjusted[white_adjust_mask] *= 255.0 / modal_white
            adjusted = np.clip(adjusted, 0, 255)

        # After white value adjustment, identify new extreme values
        new_extremes = (adjusted == 0) | (adjusted == 255)

        # Combine masks to exclude all extreme values from black adjustment
        total_extremes = mask | new_extremes
        black_adjust_mask = ~total_extremes

        # Adjust image based on modal black value
        if modal_black:
            adjusted[black_adjust_mask] = (
                adjusted[black_adjust_mask] - modal_black
            ) * (255.0 / (255 - modal_black))
            adjusted = np.clip(adjusted, 0, 255)

            gamma = 1.0 - (modal_black / 255.0)
            adjusted[black_adjust_mask] = (
                np.power(adjusted[black_adjust_mask] / 255.0, gamma) * 255
            )

        # Round to nearest integer and then convert to uint8
        adjusted = np.rint(adjusted).astype(np.uint8)

        return adjusted, modal_black, modal_white

    except ValueError as e:
        log_error(f"Error adjusting values for image: {e}")
        return img, 0, 255


# --- Image Analysis ---


def analyze_images(image_processor: "ImageProcessor") -> None:
    """Analyze images in the input folder for color properties."""
    image_processor.reset_results()
    image_files: list[Path] = [
        path
        for path in Config.INPUT_FOLDER.rglob("*")
        if path.is_file() and path.suffix.lower() in Config.IMAGE_EXTENSIONS
    ]

    if not image_files:
        log_error(f"No image files found in '{Config.INPUT_FOLDER}'")
        return

    with create_temp_folder() as temp_folder:
        start_time = time.time()
        run_with_thread_pool(image_files, analyze_file, start_time, len(image_files))


def analyze_file(path: Path, start_time: float, total: int) -> None:
    """Analyze an image to classify it as color or grayscale."""
    img_array = load_image_as_array(path)
    if img_array is None:
        increment_processed_count(start_time, total)
        return

    subfolder = path.parent.relative_to(Config.INPUT_FOLDER).as_posix()
    filename = path.name

    if is_color_image(img_array):
        image_processor.color_results[subfolder].append(filename)
    else:
        # Load the image as grayscale before adjusting values
        img_gray = load_image_as_array(path, mode='L')
        if img_gray is None:
            increment_processed_count(start_time, total)
            return
        adjusted, modal_black, modal_white = adjust_values(img_gray)
        if modal_black:
            image_processor.black_results[subfolder].append((filename, modal_black))
        if modal_white != 255:
            image_processor.white_results[subfolder].append((filename, modal_white))
    increment_processed_count(start_time, total)


def find_color_images(image_processor: "ImageProcessor") -> None:
    """Find and move color images to the output folder."""
    image_processor.reset_results()
    image_extensions: set[str] = {ext.lower() for ext in Config.IMAGE_EXTENSIONS}

    tasks: list[Path]
    if not (
        tasks := [
            path
            for path in Config.INPUT_FOLDER.rglob("*")
            if path.is_file() and path.suffix.lower() in image_extensions
        ]
    ):
        log_error(f"No image files found in '{Config.INPUT_FOLDER}'")
        return

    with create_temp_folder():
        run_with_thread_pool(
            tasks, move_color_image_file, time.time(), len(tasks), image_processor
        )


def move_color_image_file(
    path: Path, start_time: float, total_files: int, image_processor: "ImageProcessor"
) -> None:
    """Move a color image file to the output folder with renaming and update processing status."""
    img_array = load_image_as_array(path)
    if img_array is None:
        increment_processed_count(start_time, total_files)
        return

    if is_color_image(img_array):
        rel_path = path.relative_to(Config.INPUT_FOLDER)
        
        # Apply renaming pattern to the original filename
        original_filename = rel_path.name
        new_filename = renamer(app.RENAME_PATTERN.get(), original_filename)
        
        # Determine the new relative path with the renamed file
        new_rel_path = rel_path.with_name(new_filename)
        
        # Construct the full output path
        out_path = Config.OUTPUT_FOLDER / new_rel_path
        
        # Ensure that the parent directories exist
        out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        
        try:
            shutil.move(str(path), str(out_path))
        except Exception as e:
            log_error(f"Failed to move {path} to {out_path}: {e}")
            increment_processed_count(start_time, total_files)
            return

        subfolder = str(rel_path.parent)
        image_processor.color_results[subfolder].append(new_filename)

    increment_processed_count(start_time, total_files)


# --- Corrupted Files ---


def check_for_corrupted_files() -> None:
    """Check for corrupted files in the input folder using FFmpeg."""
    image_processor.reset_results()

    try:
        check_executable(Config.FFMPEG, "FFmpeg")
    except FileNotFoundError as error:
        log_error(str(error))
        return

    valid_extensions: set[str] = (
        Config.VIDEO_EXTENSIONS | Config.AUDIO_EXTENSIONS | Config.IMAGE_EXTENSIONS
    )
    tasks: list[Path] = [
        file
        for file in Config.INPUT_FOLDER.rglob("*")
        if file.is_file() and file.suffix.lower() in valid_extensions
    ]

    if not tasks:
        log_error(f"No valid media files found in '{Config.INPUT_FOLDER}'")
        return

    error_queue: Queue[tuple[Path, list[str]]] = Queue()
    start_time: float = time.time()
    total_files: int = len(tasks)

    def check_file(file_path: Path) -> None:
        try:
            base_command: list[str] = [
                str(Config.FFMPEG),
                "-v",
                "error",
                "-i",
                str(file_path),
            ]
            if file_path.suffix.lower() in Config.VIDEO_EXTENSIONS:
                base_command += ["-map", "0:a:0"]
            base_command += ["-f", "null", "-"]

            result: subprocess.CompletedProcess = subprocess.run(
                base_command,
                capture_output=True,
                text=True,
                encoding="utf-8",
                errors="ignore",
            )
            combined_output: str = f"{result.stdout}\n{result.stderr}"
            error_messages: list[str] = [
                line.strip()
                for line in combined_output.splitlines()
                if "error" in line.lower()
            ]

            if error_messages:
                error_queue.put((file_path.resolve(), error_messages))
        except Exception as e:
            error_queue.put(
                (file_path.resolve(), [f"Error processing file {file_path}: {e}"])
            )
        finally:
            increment_processed_count(start_time, total_files)

    run_with_thread_pool(tasks, check_file)
    log_errors(error_queue)


# --- Resize Images ---


def resize_images(
    input_folder: Path, output_folder: Path, image_processor: "ImageProcessor"
) -> None:
    """Resize images in the input folder and save them to the output folder."""
    try:
        check_executable(Config.IMAGEMAGICK, "ImageMagick")
    except FileNotFoundError as e:
        log_error(str(e))
        return

    tasks: list[Path] = [
        input_path
        for input_path in input_folder.rglob("*")
        if input_path.is_file() and input_path.suffix.lower() in Config.IMAGE_EXTENSIONS
    ]

    if not tasks:
        log_error(f"No image files found in '{input_folder}'")
        return

    with create_temp_folder() as temp_folder:
        run_with_thread_pool(
            tasks,
            process_file,
            time.time(),
            len(tasks),
            image_processor,
            temp_folder,
            True,
        )


def resize_image(input_path: Path, output_path: Path) -> Path:
    """Resize an image using ImageMagick."""
    output_path = output_path.with_suffix(".png")

    identify_command = [
        str(Config.IMAGEMAGICK),
        str(input_path),
        "-format",
        "%wx%h",
        "info:",
    ]
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            identify_command,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
            text=True,
            check=True,
        )
        current_width, current_height = map(int, result.stdout.strip().split("x"))
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        log_error(f"ImageMagick identify failed for {input_path}: {e.stderr.strip()}")
        return output_path

    resize_mode = app.RESIZE_MODE.get()
    maintain_aspect = app.maintain_aspect_ratio.get()

    if resize_mode == "Fit":
        target_width = int(app.RESIZE_WIDTH.get() or 0)
        target_height = int(app.RESIZE_HEIGHT.get() or 0)

        if maintain_aspect:
            if target_width == 0 and target_height > 0:
                target_width = int(target_height * current_width / current_height)
            elif target_height == 0 and target_width > 0:
                target_height = int(target_width * current_height / current_width)

        resize_arg = f"{target_width}x{target_height}!"
    else:  # Shortest Side
        target_size = int(app.RESIZE_SIDE.get())
        resize_arg = f"{target_size}x{target_size}^"

    is_upscaling = (
        resize_mode == "Fit"
        and (target_width > current_width or target_height > current_height)
    ) or (
        resize_mode == "Shortest Side"
        and target_size > min(current_width, current_height)
    )

    command = [
        str(Config.IMAGEMAGICK),
        str(input_path),
    ]

    if is_upscaling:
        command += [
            "-filter",
            "LanczosSharp",
            "-distort",
            "Resize",
            resize_arg,
        ]
    else:
        command += [
            "-colorspace",
            "RGB",
            "-filter",
            "Lanczos2Sharp",
            "-resize",
            resize_arg,
            "-colorspace",
            "sRGB",
        ]

    command += ["-define", "png:compression-level=5", str(output_path)]

    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            command,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
            text=True,
            check=True,
        )
        if result.stderr:
            log_error(f"ImageMagick: {result.stderr.strip()}")
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        log_error(f"ImageMagick resize failed for {input_path}: {e.stderr.strip()}")

    return output_path


# --- Processing ---


def process_file(
    path: Path,
    start_time: float,
    total_files: int,
    image_processor: "ImageProcessor",
    temp_folder: Path,
    resize: bool = False,
    auto_correct_and_resize: bool = False,
) -> None:
    """Process a single image file."""
    if shared_state.stop_event.is_set():
        return

    img_array = load_image_as_array(path)
    if img_array is None:
        increment_processed_count(start_time, total_files)
        return

    relative_path = path.relative_to(Config.INPUT_FOLDER)
    temp_output_path = temp_folder / relative_path.with_suffix(".png")
    temp_output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    if auto_correct_and_resize:
        # Adjust and save image, then resize
        intermediate_path, _, _ = adjust_and_save_image(
            img_array, path, image_processor, temp_folder
        )
        resized_path = resize_image(intermediate_path, temp_output_path)
    elif resize:
        # Only resize the original image
        resized_path = resize_image(path, temp_output_path)
    else:
        # Adjust and save image without resizing
        resized_path, _, _ = adjust_and_save_image(
            img_array, path, image_processor, temp_folder
        )

    # Determine the final output format
    output_format = app.RESIZE_FORMAT.get().lower()
    if output_format not in ["jpg", "png"]:
        output_format = "png"  # Fallback to PNG if an unsupported format is selected

    # Apply renaming pattern
    new_filename = renamer(app.RENAME_PATTERN.get(), relative_path.name)
    new_filename = os.path.splitext(new_filename)[0] + f".{output_format}"
    final_output_path = Config.OUTPUT_FOLDER / relative_path.parent / new_filename
    final_output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    # Save the final processed file
    if output_format == "jpg":
        convert_png_to_jpg(resized_path, final_output_path)
    else:
        shutil.move(str(resized_path), str(final_output_path))

    increment_processed_count(start_time, total_files)


def process_folder(
    folder: Path,
    image_processor: "ImageProcessor",
    auto_correct_and_resize: bool = False,
) -> None:
    """Process all images in a folder."""
    image_processor.reset_results()

    if auto_correct_and_resize:
        try:
            check_executable(Config.IMAGEMAGICK, "ImageMagick")
        except FileNotFoundError as e:
            log_error(str(e))
            return

    tasks: list[Path] = [
        path
        for path in folder.rglob("*")
        if path.is_file() and path.suffix.lower() in Config.IMAGE_EXTENSIONS
    ]

    if not tasks:
        log_error(f"No image files found in '{folder}'")
        return

    with create_temp_folder() as temp_folder:
        run_with_thread_pool(
            tasks,
            process_file,
            time.time(),
            len(tasks),
            image_processor,
            temp_folder,
            False,
            auto_correct_and_resize,
        )


def adjust_and_save_image(
    img: np.ndarray,
    path: Path,
    image_processor: "ImageProcessor",
    temp_folder: Path,
    diff_threshold: int = Config.COLORDIFF_THRESHOLD,
    fraction_threshold: float = Config.FRACTION_COLORED_PIXELS_THRESHOLD,
) -> tuple[Path, Optional[int], Optional[int]]:
    """Process an image, adjusting and saving depending on whether it is color or grayscale."""
    try:
        is_color = is_color_image(img, diff_threshold, fraction_threshold)
        relative_parent = path.parent.relative_to(Config.INPUT_FOLDER)
        out_path = temp_folder / relative_parent / f"{path.stem}.png"
        out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        subfolder = relative_parent.as_posix()
        filename = path.name

        if is_color:
            # Save color image as PNG
            Image.fromarray(img).save(out_path, format="PNG", compress_level=5)
            image_processor.color_results[subfolder].append(filename)
            return out_path, None, None

        # Load the image as grayscale before adjusting values
        img_gray = load_image_as_array(path, mode='L')
        if img_gray is None:
            log_error(f"Error loading image {path} as grayscale.")
            return out_path, None, None

        adjusted_img, modal_black, modal_white = adjust_values(img_gray)
        Image.fromarray(adjusted_img).convert("L").save(
            out_path, format="PNG", compress_level=5
        )

        if modal_black:
            image_processor.black_results[subfolder].append((filename, modal_black))
        if modal_white != 255:
            image_processor.white_results[subfolder].append((filename, modal_white))

        return out_path, modal_black, modal_white

    except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
        log_error(f"Error processing image {path}: {e}")
        return path, None, None


# --- ImageProcessor Class ---


class ImageProcessor:
    """Class to handle image processing results."""

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.white_results: dict[str, list[tuple[str, int]]] = defaultdict(list)
        self.black_results: dict[str, list[tuple[str, int]]] = defaultdict(list)
        self.color_results: dict[str, list[str]] = defaultdict(list)

    def collect_processing_results(self, output_folder: Path, choice: str) -> None:
        """Collect processing results and prepare them for display or logging."""
        results_map: dict[str, Union[tuple[str, str, str], tuple[str, str]]] = {
            "2": ("2. Analyze Images", "Modal Value Black", "Modal Value White"),
            "3": ("3. Find Color Images", "Filename"),
            "5": (
                "5. Automatic Color Correction",
                "Modal Value Black",
                "Modal Value White",
            ),
            "6": (
                "6. Automatic Color Correction + Resize",
                "Modal Value Black",
                "Modal Value White",
            ),
        }
        headers = results_map.get(choice)
        if headers:
            if choice == "3":
                self._write_results("Color", self.color_results, headers[0], headers[1])
            else:
                self._write_results("Black", self.black_results, headers[0], headers[1])
                self._write_results("White", self.white_results, headers[0], headers[2])
                self._write_results("Color", self.color_results, headers[0], "Filename")

    def _write_results(
        self,
        file_path: str,
        results: dict[str, Union[list[tuple[str, int]], list[str]]],
        header: str,
        value_name: str,
    ) -> None:
        """Write results to a specific file."""
        separator = "-" * Config.SEPARATOR_LENGTH
        content = f"{separator}\n{header}\n{separator}\n"
        if results:
            for subfolder, subfolder_results in sorted(results.items()):
                full_subfolder_path = Config.INPUT_FOLDER / subfolder
                content += f"\n{full_subfolder_path}\n\n"
                if value_name == "Filename":
                    subfolder_results = cast(list[str], subfolder_results)
                    subfolder_results.sort()
                    content += "\n".join(
                        f" - {filename}" for filename in subfolder_results
                    )
                else:
                    subfolder_results = cast(list[tuple[str, int]], subfolder_results)
                    subfolder_results.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
                    content += "\n".join(
                        f" - {filename}, {value_name}: {value}"
                        for filename, value in subfolder_results
                    )
                content += "\n"
        shared_state.tab_messages[file_path].append(content)

    def reset_results(self) -> None:
        """Reset all results."""
        self.white_results = defaultdict(list)
        self.black_results = defaultdict(list)
        self.color_results = defaultdict(list)


# --- Tkinter App ---


class App(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.setup_window()
        self.create_variables()
        self.create_widgets()
        self.setup_logging()
        self.process_start_time: float = 0.0

    def setup_window(self) -> None:
        self.set_dpi_awareness()
        self.title("Image Processor")
        self.geometry("2100x1180")
        self.default_font = ("Roboto Flex", 16)
        self.apply_default_font()

    def set_dpi_awareness(self) -> None:
        try:
            ctypes.windll.shcore.SetProcessDpiAwareness(1)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Could not set DPI awareness: {e}")

    def apply_default_font(self) -> None:
        self.option_add("*Font", self.default_font)
        self.style = ttk.Style()
        for widget_type in [
            "TButton",
            "TLabel",
            "TEntry",
            "TRadiobutton",
            "TNotebook.Tab",
        ]:
            self.style.configure(widget_type, font=self.default_font)
        self.style.configure("TFrame", background="#fdfdfd")
        self.style.configure("TLabel", background="#fdfdfd")
        self.style.configure("TNotebook", background="#f8f8f8")
        self.style.configure("TRadiobutton", background="#fdfdfd")

    def create_variables(self) -> None:
        self.RESIZE_MODE = tk.StringVar(value=Config.DEFAULT_RESIZE_MODE)
        self.RESIZE_WIDTH = tk.StringVar(value=str(Config.DEFAULT_RESIZE_WIDTH))
        self.RESIZE_HEIGHT = tk.StringVar(value=str(Config.DEFAULT_RESIZE_HEIGHT))
        self.RESIZE_SIDE = tk.StringVar(value=str(Config.DEFAULT_RESIZE_SIDE))
        self.RESIZE_FORMAT = tk.StringVar(value=Config.DEFAULT_RESIZE_FORMAT)
        self.RENAME_PATTERN = tk.StringVar(value=Config.DEFAULT_RENAME_PATTERN)
        self.option_var = tk.StringVar(value="1")
        self.status_text = tk.StringVar(value="")
        self.maintain_aspect_ratio = tk.BooleanVar(value=False)

    def create_widgets(self) -> None:
        main_frame = ttk.Frame(self, padding="20")
        main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

        self.create_folder_selection_frames(main_frame)
        self.create_resize_options_frame(main_frame)
        self.create_options_and_start_frame(main_frame)
        self.create_text_frame(main_frame)
        self.create_progress_bar(main_frame)
        self.create_status_label(main_frame)

    def create_folder_selection_frames(self, parent: ttk.Frame) -> None:
        self.create_folder_frame(
            parent,
            "Input",
            Config.INPUT_FOLDER,
            self.set_default_input,
            self.select_input_folder,
        )
        self.create_folder_frame(
            parent,
            "Output",
            Config.OUTPUT_FOLDER,
            self.set_default_output,
            self.select_output_folder,
        )

    def create_folder_frame(
        self,
        parent: ttk.Frame,
        label: str,
        default_folder: Path,
        default_command: Callable[[], None],
        select_command: Callable[[], None],
    ) -> None:
        frame = ttk.Frame(parent)
        frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(0, 10))

        ttk.Button(frame, text="Default", command=default_command, width=10).pack(
            side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 10)
        )

        entry = ttk.Entry(frame)
        entry.insert(0, str(default_folder))
        entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True, fill=tk.X)

        ttk.Button(
            frame, text=f"Select {label} Folder", command=select_command, width=20
        ).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(10, 0))

        setattr(self, f"{label.lower()}_entry", entry)

    def create_resize_options_frame(self, parent: ttk.Frame) -> None:
        resize_frame = ttk.Frame(parent)
        resize_frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(0, 10))

        ttk.Button(
            resize_frame, text="Default", command=self.reset_resize_options, width=10
        ).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 10))

        self.create_resize_options(resize_frame)

        self.start_button = ttk.Button(
            resize_frame, text="Start", command=self.start_processing, width=20
        )
        self.start_button.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=(10, 0))

    def create_resize_options(self, frame: ttk.Frame) -> None:
        # Format Label and Combobox
        ttk.Label(frame, text="Format:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5))
        ttk.Combobox(
            frame,
            textvariable=self.RESIZE_FORMAT,
            values=["png", "jpg"],
            state="readonly",
            width=4,
        ).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 10))

        # Resize Label and Combobox
        ttk.Label(frame, text="Resize:").pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5))
        mode_combo = ttk.Combobox(
            frame,
            textvariable=self.RESIZE_MODE,
            values=["Shortest Side", "Fit"],
            state="readonly",
            width=12,
        )
        mode_combo.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 10))
        mode_combo.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", self.update_resize_options)

        # Frame for Resize Option Fields (Width, Height, Side)
        self.resize_options_frame = ttk.Frame(frame)
        self.resize_options_frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.Y)

        # Width and Height Widgets
        self.width_label = ttk.Label(self.resize_options_frame, text="Width:")
        self.width_entry = ttk.Entry(
            self.resize_options_frame, textvariable=self.RESIZE_WIDTH, width=5
        )
        self.height_label = ttk.Label(self.resize_options_frame, text="Height:")
        self.height_entry = ttk.Entry(
            self.resize_options_frame, textvariable=self.RESIZE_HEIGHT, width=5
        )
        self.maintain_aspect_ratio_label = ttk.Label(
            self.resize_options_frame, text="Maintain Aspect Ratio", font=self.default_font
        )
        self.maintain_aspect_ratio_checkbox = ttk.Checkbutton(
            self.resize_options_frame, variable=self.maintain_aspect_ratio
        )

        # Side Widgets
        self.side_label = ttk.Label(self.resize_options_frame, text="Side:")
        self.side_entry = ttk.Entry(
            self.resize_options_frame, textvariable=self.RESIZE_SIDE, width=5
        )

        # Initialize Resize Options Based on Default Mode
        self.update_resize_options()

        # Rename Frame (Packed Last to Occupy Remaining Space)
        rename_frame = ttk.Frame(frame)
        rename_frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X, expand=True)

        rename_label = ttk.Label(rename_frame, text="Rename:")
        rename_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5))

        rename_entry = ttk.Entry(
            rename_frame,
            textvariable=self.RENAME_PATTERN,
        )
        rename_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X, expand=True)

    def create_options_and_start_frame(self, parent: ttk.Frame) -> None:
        frame = ttk.Frame(parent)
        frame.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=(0, 10))

        self.create_options_frame(frame)
        self.create_stop_button(frame)

    def create_options_frame(self, parent: ttk.Frame) -> None:
        options_frame = ttk.Frame(parent)
        options_frame.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X, expand=True)

        options = [
            ("Check For Corrupted Files", "1"),
            ("Analyze Images", "2"),
            ("Find Color Images", "3"),
            ("Resize Images", "4"),
            ("Automatic Color Correction", "5"),
            ("Automatic Color Correction + Resize", "6"),
        ]

        for col, (text, value) in enumerate(options):
            ttk.Radiobutton(
                options_frame, text=text, variable=self.option_var, value=value
            ).grid(row=0, column=col, sticky="ew")
            options_frame.columnconfigure(col, weight=1)

    def create_stop_button(self, parent: ttk.Frame) -> None:
        self.stop_button = ttk.Button(
            parent,
            text="Stop",
            command=self.stop_processing,
            width=20,
            state=tk.DISABLED,
        )
        self.stop_button.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=(10, 0))

    def create_text_frame(self, parent: ttk.Frame) -> None:
        text_frame = ttk.Frame(parent)
        text_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

        self.notebook = ttk.Notebook(text_frame)
        self.notebook.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

        self.text_areas: dict[str, tk.Text] = {}
        for tab in ["Log", "Black", "White", "Color"]:
            frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
            self.notebook.add(frame, text=tab)
            self.text_areas[tab] = self.create_text_area(frame)

    def create_text_area(self, parent: ttk.Frame) -> tk.Text:
        frame = ttk.Frame(parent)
        frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

        text_area = tk.Text(
            frame,
            wrap=tk.NONE,
            bg="#ffffff",
            state="disabled",
            padx=7,
            pady=7,
            fg="#000000",
            font=self.default_font,
        )
        scrollbar_y = ttk.Scrollbar(frame, command=text_area.yview)
        scrollbar_x = ttk.Scrollbar(frame, command=text_area.xview, orient="horizontal")

        scrollbar_y.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
        text_area.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
        scrollbar_x.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.X)

        text_area.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar_y.set, xscrollcommand=scrollbar_x.set)
        return text_area

    def create_progress_bar(self, parent: ttk.Frame) -> None:
        self.progress = ttk.Progressbar(
            parent, mode="determinate", maximum=Config.PROGRESS_BAR_LENGTH
        )
        self.progress.pack(pady=(30, 0), padx=20, fill="x")
        self.progress.config(value=0)

    def create_status_label(self, parent: ttk.Frame) -> None:
        ttk.Label(parent, textvariable=self.status_text).pack(pady=(10, 15))

    def setup_logging(self) -> None:
        self.queue_thread = threading.Thread(
            target=self.update_text_area_from_queue, daemon=True
        )
        self.queue_thread.start()

    def set_default_folder(self, entry: ttk.Entry, default_folder: Path) -> Path:
        entry.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry.insert(0, str(default_folder))
        return default_folder

    def set_default_input(self) -> None:
        Config.INPUT_FOLDER = self.set_default_folder(
            self.input_entry, Config.DEFAULT_INPUT_FOLDER
        )

    def set_default_output(self) -> None:
        Config.OUTPUT_FOLDER = self.set_default_folder(
            self.output_entry, Config.DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FOLDER
        )

    def select_folder(self, entry: ttk.Entry, config_attr: str) -> None:
        selected_folder = filedialog.askdirectory()
        if selected_folder:
            path = Path(selected_folder).resolve()
            entry.delete(0, tk.END)
            entry.insert(0, str(path))
            setattr(Config, config_attr, path)

    def select_input_folder(self) -> None:
        self.select_folder(self.input_entry, "INPUT_FOLDER")

    def select_output_folder(self) -> None:
        self.select_folder(self.output_entry, "OUTPUT_FOLDER")

    def update_status_text(self, text: str) -> None:
        self.status_text.set(text)
        self.update_idletasks()

    def update_progress(self, value: float) -> None:
        self.progress["value"] = min(value, Config.PROGRESS_BAR_LENGTH)
        self.update_idletasks()

    def update_text_area(self, content_key: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
        if content_key is not None:
            tab_keys = [content_key]
        else:
            tab_keys = self.text_areas.keys()

        for tab_key in tab_keys:
            text_area = self.text_areas[tab_key]
            text_area.configure(state="normal")
            text_area.delete("1.0", tk.END)
            content = "\n".join(shared_state.tab_messages[tab_key])
            text_area.insert(tk.END, content)
            text_area.configure(state="disabled")

    def start_processing(self) -> None:
        shared_state.stop_event.clear()
        self.start_button.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
        self.stop_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
        self.process_start_time = time.time()
        if hasattr(self, "stopped_by_user"):
            delattr(self, "stopped_by_user")
        choice = self.option_var.get()

        actions = {
            "1": ("1. Check For Corrupted Files", check_for_corrupted_files),
            "2": ("2. Analyze Images", analyze_images, image_processor),
            "3": ("3. Find Color Images", find_color_images, image_processor),
            "4": (
                "4. Resize Images",
                resize_images,
                Config.INPUT_FOLDER,
                Config.OUTPUT_FOLDER,
                image_processor,
            ),
            "5": (
                "5. Automatic Color Correction",
                process_folder,
                Config.INPUT_FOLDER,
                image_processor,
            ),
            "6": (
                "6. Automatic Color Correction + Resize",
                process_folder,
                Config.INPUT_FOLDER,
                image_processor,
                True,
            ),
        }

        label, func, *args = actions.get(choice, ("Unknown Action", lambda: None))
        log_and_execute(choice, label, func, *args)

    def stop_processing(self) -> None:
        shared_state.stop_event.set()
        self.stopped_by_user = True
        self.stop_button.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
        self.start_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL)

    def update_resize_options(self, event: Optional[tk.Event] = None) -> None:
        mode = self.RESIZE_MODE.get()
        
        # Hide all resize option widgets initially
        self.width_label.pack_forget()
        self.width_entry.pack_forget()
        self.height_label.pack_forget()
        self.height_entry.pack_forget()
        self.maintain_aspect_ratio_label.pack_forget()
        self.maintain_aspect_ratio_checkbox.pack_forget()
        self.side_label.pack_forget()
        self.side_entry.pack_forget()
    
        if mode == "Fit":
            # Show Width and Height Widgets
            self.width_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5), pady=2)
            self.width_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 10), pady=2)
            self.height_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5), pady=2)
            self.height_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 10), pady=2)
            self.maintain_aspect_ratio_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(10, 5), pady=2)
            self.maintain_aspect_ratio_checkbox.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 10), pady=2)
        elif mode == "Shortest Side":
            # Show Side Widget
            self.side_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 5), pady=2)
            self.side_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=(0, 10), pady=2)

    def reset_resize_options(self) -> None:
        self.RESIZE_MODE.set(Config.DEFAULT_RESIZE_MODE)
        self.RESIZE_WIDTH.set(str(Config.DEFAULT_RESIZE_WIDTH))
        self.RESIZE_HEIGHT.set(str(Config.DEFAULT_RESIZE_HEIGHT))
        self.RESIZE_SIDE.set(str(Config.DEFAULT_RESIZE_SIDE))
        self.RESIZE_FORMAT.set(Config.DEFAULT_RESIZE_FORMAT)
        
        # Reset the renaming pattern to its default value
        self.RENAME_PATTERN.set(Config.DEFAULT_RENAME_PATTERN)
        
        self.update_resize_options()

    def update_text_area_from_queue(self) -> None:
        while True:
            if not shared_state.log_message_queue.empty():
                try:
                    item = shared_state.log_message_queue.get(block=True, timeout=0.1)
                    self.process_log_message(item)
                except:
                    pass
            else:
                time.sleep(0.1)

    def process_log_message(self, item: str) -> None:
        update_tabs = {
            "UPDATE_LOG": "Log",
            "UPDATE_BLACK": "Black",
            "UPDATE_WHITE": "White",
            "UPDATE_COLOR": "Color",
        }
        if item in update_tabs:
            self.after(0, self.update_text_area, update_tabs[item])
        else:
            self.update_tab_messages(item)

    def update_tab_messages(self, item: str) -> None:
        if "Modal Value Black" in item:
            shared_state.tab_messages["Black"].append(item)
        if "Modal Value White" in item:
            shared_state.tab_messages["White"].append(item)
        if "Filename" in item:
            shared_state.tab_messages["Color"].append(item)
        shared_state.tab_messages["Log"].append(item)

        for tab in ["Log", "Black", "White", "Color"]:
            self.after(0, self.update_text_area, tab)

    def update_final_status(self, execution_time: float) -> None:
        self.update_progress(100)
        end_time = time.time()
        start_time = self.process_start_time
        processed_count = shared_state.processed_files_count
        total_files = shared_state.total_files_count

        start_time_str = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.localtime(start_time))
        elapsed_minutes = int(execution_time // 60)
        elapsed_seconds = int(execution_time % 60)
        elapsed_time_str = f"{elapsed_minutes:02d}:{elapsed_seconds:02d}"

        status_text = (
            f"Start Time: {start_time_str} - "
            f"Processed Files: {processed_count}/{total_files} - "
            f"Elapsed Time: {elapsed_time_str} Minutes"
        )

        if hasattr(self, "stopped_by_user") and self.stopped_by_user:
            status_text += " - Processing stopped by user"
            delattr(self, "stopped_by_user")

        padded_status_text = status_text.ljust(Config.PADDING_LENGTH)
        self.update_status_text(padded_status_text)
        self.reset_gui()

    def reset_gui(self) -> None:
        self.start_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
        self.stop_button.config(state=tk.DISABLED)


# --- Main Execution ---

if __name__ == "__main__":
    shared_state = Config.initialize()
    image_processor = ImageProcessor()
    app = App()
    app.mainloop()