You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package les

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/rand"
	"encoding/binary"
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/light"
)

var (
	retryQueue         = time.Millisecond * 100
	hardRequestTimeout = time.Second * 10
)

// retrieveManager is a layer on top of requestDistributor which takes care of
// matching replies by request ID and handles timeouts and resends if necessary.
type retrieveManager struct {
	dist               *requestDistributor
	peers              *serverPeerSet
	softRequestTimeout func() time.Duration

	lock     sync.RWMutex
	sentReqs map[uint64]*sentReq
}

// validatorFunc is a function that processes a reply message
type validatorFunc func(distPeer, *Msg) error

// sentReq represents a request sent and tracked by retrieveManager
type sentReq struct {
	rm       *retrieveManager
	req      *distReq
	id       uint64
	validate validatorFunc

	eventsCh chan reqPeerEvent
	stopCh   chan struct{}
	stopped  bool
	err      error

	lock   sync.RWMutex // protect access to sentTo map
	sentTo map[distPeer]sentReqToPeer

	lastReqQueued bool     // last request has been queued but not sent
	lastReqSentTo distPeer // if not nil then last request has been sent to given peer but not timed out
	reqSrtoCount  int      // number of requests that reached soft (but not hard) timeout
}

// sentReqToPeer notifies the request-from-peer goroutine (tryRequest) about a response
// delivered by the given peer. Only one delivery is allowed per request per peer,
// after which delivered is set to true, the validity of the response is sent on the
// valid channel and no more responses are accepted.
type sentReqToPeer struct {
	delivered, frozen bool
	event             chan int
}

// reqPeerEvent is sent by the request-from-peer goroutine (tryRequest) to the
// request state machine (retrieveLoop) through the eventsCh channel.
type reqPeerEvent struct {
	event int
	peer  distPeer
}

const (
	rpSent = iota // if peer == nil, not sent (no suitable peers)
	rpSoftTimeout
	rpHardTimeout
	rpDeliveredValid
	rpDeliveredInvalid
	rpNotDelivered
)

// newRetrieveManager creates the retrieve manager
func newRetrieveManager(peers *serverPeerSet, dist *requestDistributor, srto func() time.Duration) *retrieveManager {
	return &retrieveManager{
		peers:              peers,
		dist:               dist,
		sentReqs:           make(map[uint64]*sentReq),
		softRequestTimeout: srto,
	}
}

// retrieve sends a request (to multiple peers if necessary) and waits for an answer
// that is delivered through the deliver function and successfully validated by the
// validator callback. It returns when a valid answer is delivered or the context is
// cancelled.
func (rm *retrieveManager) retrieve(ctx context.Context, reqID uint64, req *distReq, val validatorFunc, shutdown chan struct{}) error {
	sentReq := rm.sendReq(reqID, req, val)
	select {
	case <-sentReq.stopCh:
	case <-ctx.Done():
		sentReq.stop(ctx.Err())
	case <-shutdown:
		sentReq.stop(fmt.Errorf("client is shutting down"))
	}
	return sentReq.getError()
}

// sendReq starts a process that keeps trying to retrieve a valid answer for a
// request from any suitable peers until stopped or succeeded.
func (rm *retrieveManager) sendReq(reqID uint64, req *distReq, val validatorFunc) *sentReq {
	r := &sentReq{
		rm:       rm,
		req:      req,
		id:       reqID,
		sentTo:   make(map[distPeer]sentReqToPeer),
		stopCh:   make(chan struct{}),
		eventsCh: make(chan reqPeerEvent, 10),
		validate: val,
	}

	canSend := req.canSend
	req.canSend = func(p distPeer) bool {
		// add an extra check to canSend: the request has not been sent to the same peer before
		r.lock.RLock()
		_, sent := r.sentTo[p]
		r.lock.RUnlock()
		return !sent && canSend(p)
	}

	request := req.request
	req.request = func(p distPeer) func() {
		// before actually sending the request, put an entry into the sentTo map
		r.lock.Lock()
		r.sentTo[p] = sentReqToPeer{delivered: false, frozen: false, event: make(chan int, 1)}
		r.lock.Unlock()
		return request(p)
	}
	rm.lock.Lock()
	rm.sentReqs[reqID] = r
	rm.lock.Unlock()

	go r.retrieveLoop()
	return r
}

// deliver is called by the LES protocol manager to deliver reply messages to waiting requests
func (rm *retrieveManager) deliver(peer distPeer, msg *Msg) error {
	rm.lock.RLock()
	req, ok := rm.sentReqs[msg.ReqID]
	rm.lock.RUnlock()

	if ok {
		return req.deliver(peer, msg)
	}
	return errResp(ErrUnexpectedResponse, "reqID = %v", msg.ReqID)
}

// frozen is called by the LES protocol manager when a server has suspended its service and we
// should not expect an answer for the requests already sent there
func (rm *retrieveManager) frozen(peer distPeer) {
	rm.lock.RLock()
	defer rm.lock.RUnlock()

	for _, req := range rm.sentReqs {
		req.frozen(peer)
	}
}

// reqStateFn represents a state of the retrieve loop state machine
type reqStateFn func() reqStateFn

// retrieveLoop is the retrieval state machine event loop
func (r *sentReq) retrieveLoop() {
	go r.tryRequest()
	r.lastReqQueued = true
	state := r.stateRequesting

	for state != nil {
		state = state()
	}

	r.rm.lock.Lock()
	delete(r.rm.sentReqs, r.id)
	r.rm.lock.Unlock()
}

// stateRequesting: a request has been queued or sent recently; when it reaches soft timeout,
// a new request is sent to a new peer
func (r *sentReq) stateRequesting() reqStateFn {
	select {
	case ev := <-r.eventsCh:
		r.update(ev)
		switch ev.event {
		case rpSent:
			if ev.peer == nil {
				// request send failed, no more suitable peers
				if r.waiting() {
					// we are already waiting for sent requests which may succeed so keep waiting
					return r.stateNoMorePeers
				}
				// nothing to wait for, no more peers to ask, return with error
				r.stop(light.ErrNoPeers)
				// no need to go to stopped state because waiting() already returned false
				return nil
			}
		case rpSoftTimeout:
			// last request timed out, try asking a new peer
			go r.tryRequest()
			r.lastReqQueued = true
			return r.stateRequesting
		case rpDeliveredInvalid, rpNotDelivered:
			// if it was the last sent request (set to nil by update) then start a new one
			if !r.lastReqQueued && r.lastReqSentTo == nil {
				go r.tryRequest()
				r.lastReqQueued = true
			}
			return r.stateRequesting
		case rpDeliveredValid:
			r.stop(nil)
			return r.stateStopped
		}
		return r.stateRequesting
	case <-r.stopCh:
		return r.stateStopped
	}
}

// stateNoMorePeers: could not send more requests because no suitable peers are available.
// Peers may become suitable for a certain request later or new peers may appear so we
// keep trying.
func (r *sentReq) stateNoMorePeers() reqStateFn {
	select {
	case <-time.After(retryQueue):
		go r.tryRequest()
		r.lastReqQueued = true
		return r.stateRequesting
	case ev := <-r.eventsCh:
		r.update(ev)
		if ev.event == rpDeliveredValid {
			r.stop(nil)
			return r.stateStopped
		}
		if r.waiting() {
			return r.stateNoMorePeers
		}
		r.stop(light.ErrNoPeers)
		return nil
	case <-r.stopCh:
		return r.stateStopped
	}
}

// stateStopped: request succeeded or cancelled, just waiting for some peers
// to either answer or time out hard
func (r *sentReq) stateStopped() reqStateFn {
	for r.waiting() {
		r.update(<-r.eventsCh)
	}
	return nil
}

// update updates the queued/sent flags and timed out peers counter according to the event
func (r *sentReq) update(ev reqPeerEvent) {
	switch ev.event {
	case rpSent:
		r.lastReqQueued = false
		r.lastReqSentTo = ev.peer
	case rpSoftTimeout:
		r.lastReqSentTo = nil
		r.reqSrtoCount++
	case rpHardTimeout:
		r.reqSrtoCount--
	case rpDeliveredValid, rpDeliveredInvalid, rpNotDelivered:
		if ev.peer == r.lastReqSentTo {
			r.lastReqSentTo = nil
		} else {
			r.reqSrtoCount--
		}
	}
}

// waiting returns true if the retrieval mechanism is waiting for an answer from
// any peer
func (r *sentReq) waiting() bool {
	return r.lastReqQueued || r.lastReqSentTo != nil || r.reqSrtoCount > 0
}

// tryRequest tries to send the request to a new peer and waits for it to either
// succeed or time out if it has been sent. It also sends the appropriate reqPeerEvent
// messages to the request's event channel.
func (r *sentReq) tryRequest() {
	sent := r.rm.dist.queue(r.req)
	var p distPeer
	select {
	case p = <-sent:
	case <-r.stopCh:
		if r.rm.dist.cancel(r.req) {
			p = nil
		} else {
			p = <-sent
		}
	}

	r.eventsCh <- reqPeerEvent{rpSent, p}
	if p == nil {
		return
	}

	hrto := false

	r.lock.RLock()
	s, ok := r.sentTo[p]
	r.lock.RUnlock()
	if !ok {
		panic(nil)
	}

	defer func() {
		// send feedback to server pool and remove peer if hard timeout happened
		pp, ok := p.(*serverPeer)
		if hrto && ok {
			pp.Log().Debug("Request timed out hard")
			if r.rm.peers != nil {
				r.rm.peers.unregister(pp.id)
			}
		}

		r.lock.Lock()
		delete(r.sentTo, p)
		r.lock.Unlock()
	}()

	select {
	case event := <-s.event:
		if event == rpNotDelivered {
			r.lock.Lock()
			delete(r.sentTo, p)
			r.lock.Unlock()
		}
		r.eventsCh <- reqPeerEvent{event, p}
		return
	case <-time.After(r.rm.softRequestTimeout()):
		r.eventsCh <- reqPeerEvent{rpSoftTimeout, p}
	}

	select {
	case event := <-s.event:
		if event == rpNotDelivered {
			r.lock.Lock()
			delete(r.sentTo, p)
			r.lock.Unlock()
		}
		r.eventsCh <- reqPeerEvent{event, p}
	case <-time.After(hardRequestTimeout):
		hrto = true
		r.eventsCh <- reqPeerEvent{rpHardTimeout, p}
	}
}

// deliver a reply belonging to this request
func (r *sentReq) deliver(peer distPeer, msg *Msg) error {
	r.lock.Lock()
	defer r.lock.Unlock()

	s, ok := r.sentTo[peer]
	if !ok || s.delivered {
		return errResp(ErrUnexpectedResponse, "reqID = %v", msg.ReqID)
	}
	if s.frozen {
		return nil
	}
	valid := r.validate(peer, msg) == nil
	r.sentTo[peer] = sentReqToPeer{delivered: true, frozen: false, event: s.event}
	if valid {
		s.event <- rpDeliveredValid
	} else {
		s.event <- rpDeliveredInvalid
	}
	if !valid {
		return errResp(ErrInvalidResponse, "reqID = %v", msg.ReqID)
	}
	return nil
}

// frozen sends a "not delivered" event to the peer event channel belonging to the
// given peer if the request has been sent there, causing the state machine to not
// expect an answer and potentially even send the request to the same peer again
// when canSend allows it.
func (r *sentReq) frozen(peer distPeer) {
	r.lock.Lock()
	defer r.lock.Unlock()

	s, ok := r.sentTo[peer]
	if ok && !s.delivered && !s.frozen {
		r.sentTo[peer] = sentReqToPeer{delivered: false, frozen: true, event: s.event}
		s.event <- rpNotDelivered
	}
}

// stop stops the retrieval process and sets an error code that will be returned
// by getError
func (r *sentReq) stop(err error) {
	r.lock.Lock()
	if !r.stopped {
		r.stopped = true
		r.err = err
		close(r.stopCh)
	}
	r.lock.Unlock()
}

// getError returns any retrieval error (either internally generated or set by the
// stop function) after stopCh has been closed
func (r *sentReq) getError() error {
	return r.err
}

// genReqID generates a new random request ID
func genReqID() uint64 {
	var rnd [8]byte
	rand.Read(rnd[:])
	return binary.BigEndian.Uint64(rnd[:])
}