Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            hermistor:1. Their sensitivity (easy to measure a temperature change of 0.01 Cᵒ).2. Can be locate some distance from the patient( at nursing station or ICU), this permits easy monitoring 
Pneumogram
Thermistor are placed in the nose to monitor the breathing rate of the patients by showing the temperature changes between the inspired cool air and expired worm air. 
Thermocouple
 Thermocouples consist of two junctions made from different metals.
 If the two junctions are at different temperature, a voltage is produced that depends on the temperature difference 
Advantages of thermocouple
1. Thermocouple can be used to measure a temperature difference in a wide range (-190 ᵒC to 300 ᵒC).
2. Thermocouple can be made small enough to measure the temperature of individual cells 
Thermography
Thermography: means mapping the body’s temperature.








Application of thermography
Used to detect mainly breast cancer.
Used to detect other types of cancers.
Used to study the circulation of the blood in head.
Reducing leg amputations in diabetes. 




Mechanism of heat therapy
Increasing tissue temperature is usually associated with vasodilation, and thus with an increase in blood flow to the area, which increase metabolism and healing effect. 

Metabolic reactions to heat include: 
● ↑ Cell activity and metabolic rate (two- to threefold for each 50°F [10°C] ↑ in temperature) 
● ↑ Oxygen uptake by tissues
Benefits of heat therapy

There is an increase in metabolism resulting in a relaxation of capillary system (vasodilation).
increase the delivery of oxygen to the cell.
Enable efficient repair of muscle fiber.
Relaxes muscle spasm.
Provides pain relief.

Cold in medicine
Cryotherapy (i.e., cold therapy) is the use of cold to induce the therapeutic and physiological responses that result from a decrease in tissue temperature  
Electrostatic forces and electric field. Coulombs law. Capacitors and dielectric materials.RC circuit.Application of RC circuit.
Lecture 4: BASIS OF electricity
Introduction
Ordinary matter consists of atoms. 
Each atom consists of a nucleus, consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by a number of electrons. 
In electricity, the electric charge (q, Q) plays the same rule as mass does in mechanics. 
The unit of electric charge q is the Coulomb (C). 
In nature there are two kinds of charges, positive and negative, with the properties that: 




Electrostatic forces and electric  fields
The Atom which is the core of every substance in the universe is always neutral because the number of negative charge (electrons) equal the number of positive charges (protons), so, the total charge of the atom is zero.
The tome can loss electron from its orbit by radiation with high energy (ionizing radiation) by what is called ionization 
Electrostatic forces and electric  fields
Ionization:  means the atom losses or acquire an electron. 
The atom that loss an electron is called a positive ion, 
and the atom that acquire an extra 

            Quiz: