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do you like doing quick location
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sketching
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you know rapidly getting the drawing
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onto the paper with your pen and pencil
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if you do you probably already use
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hatching or cross hatching or if not you
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should it's a great way of creating tone
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using only line whether it's lighter or
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darker tone for shade or shadow or even
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for local color it's so easy it's using
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the tool we already have in our hands
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and there are a wide number of ways we
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can apply this technique to our drawing
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and it can really be a way we can
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establish and strengthen our own drawing
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style because hatching has such a big
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impact on the overall visual appearance
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of our drawing at the end
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but in my observation some of these ways
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of hatching are more helpful for our
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drawing than others so let me
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demonstrate with two different ways of
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hatching the same outline
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now that we've just about finished our
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outline
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we can begin
Cross Hatching
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but first hatching cross hatching what
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exactly do we mean by this and what's
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the difference even between those two
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terms
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hatching is basically a technique for
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creating shadow shade or even a darker
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color when the only tool we have
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available is lined hatching
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is a series of lines run very close
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together
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to create the effect of a darker area
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hatching is when the lines simply go in
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one direction cross hatching
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cross hatching is when we place more
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hatch lines across the top of the first
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ones that we've drawn in a different
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direction and it creates a darker
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effect and we can do that as many times
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as we like
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so it becomes a way to create a range of
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tone effects from darkest to lightest
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and so when we look at the picture that
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we're drawing it's good to work out
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what are the light areas that we want to
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have stand out and what are the darker
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areas in this scene clearly we want the
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areas within the colonnade to be darker
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where they're in the shadow and in this
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sort of scene i often see cross hatching
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drawn something like this
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and it certainly creates the effect of
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shade
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and shadow inside the columned portico
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and we can add hatching to other parts
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of this as well
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and we get a stronger sense now of the
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part of the building that's in sunlight
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and the part that's shaded and we may
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want to do some further hatching to
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distinguish between the darkest areas
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further in the portico
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now you'll notice that i'm actually not
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lifting my pen
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at the end of each line in this so i'm
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really creating a zigzag effect it's a
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much quicker way to do this and i'm
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doing it
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because it's extremely common in
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drawings i look at
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i'm not saying it's best practice
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however and so now we've made even
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darker that further back area which does
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help to replicate what's happening in
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life
The Problem with Hatching
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and this is very representative cross
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hatching of drawings i look at the
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question however is is is it the best
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way we could have created the sense of
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tone
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of shadow of depth in this scene in my
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opinion the biggest problem with the
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sort of hatching i've just done is that
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while it's applied to represent the
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different tones that we see in our
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reference
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it's basically placed over the top of
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our line work
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and the thing with hatching and cross
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hatching is that it is line work it is
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the same technique that we've used to
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create if you like our base drawing and
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yet when we hatch in this way while it
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creates
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tone it can detract from form although
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most of the time when i draw i use
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sketch markers for tone if i am hatching
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sometimes i do a combination of both and
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certainly when i am hatching or cross
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hatching i try and make my hatch lines
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in some way follow the form of the
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structure that they're sitting on so
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that my lines don't just help to define
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shade or shadow or color but they also
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help to define shape and in that way
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i multiply the visual realism of my
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drawing with my line
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so let's try this again and this time
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i'm going to try and reflect the
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underlying surface that i'm putting the
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hatching on i'm going to start with
How to Cross Hatch
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these darkest areas at the back because
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once i work out how dark i'm going to go
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for those it will be easier then to
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judge how light to make the cross
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hatching effect in the other areas so
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because this is a vertical wall at the
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back of our portico
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i'm actually going to use vertical lines
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if any of my column lines aren't quite
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in the right place this isn't also an
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easy way to adjust them slightly
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here's a bit of hatching done now we'll
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do some cross hatching i did these lines
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vertically to emphasize the vertical
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nature of this wall i want that to be
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the dominant positioning of these lines
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so now i'm going to do some cross
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hatching i'm going to add a diagonal
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line just to darken the effect
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now these lines are a little bit further
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apart
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than the vertical ones i've done and
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that's deliberate
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because i want these vertical lines to
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remain dominant
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and now i do want to indicate these open
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doorways
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so i'm going to add some more vertical
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lines to darken those parts
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so now i'm going to do the underneath
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part of this portico now i'm going to
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start with one of the lighter parts in
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shade which is the underneath of this
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lintel
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so i've actually changed the direction
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of the hatching for this lintel because
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it's going in a different direction and
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i want to just help reinforce that
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and by
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cross hatching or not cross hatching
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i can
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make adjustments to the tone
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however we have these two columns
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further back that need some measure of
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hatching
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and so i'm going to do lines which
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suggest the roundness of the columns
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and these columns are noticeably darker
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at the top so i'm going to add
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more tone at the top
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and then there is another level of beam
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work
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that we need to add
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further in
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and then a lot of it is simply playing
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with the tones till we get the type of
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light and dark
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variation that we're after
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and it can be helpful when we've done a
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lot of hatching in different directions
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to do a fairly loose hatching in the one
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direction over the top of it all i find
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it binds the different directions of
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line work together but still maintaining
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the different directional impression
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we've created
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now we have the
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hatching to put on our front columns
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because clearly not the entire column is
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in sunlight however we still want to
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keep this strong visual contrast
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happening so in looking at this i'm
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probably going to exaggerate slightly
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what we have happening in our reference
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so i'm going to keep these columns a bit
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lighter than they really are so that
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they stand out more from the dark ones
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behind and i'll probably make these end
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to a little bit darker than they really
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are so that they stand out more
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i'll do some horizontal hatching
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or the shadows on the ground
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then it's a case of making any
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adjustments that we think will help the
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way our drawing looks
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so i think we need to get a stronger
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contrast right here at the back
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particularly higher up on the wall
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and in hatching if you've got lines at a
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certain angle and you want to do some
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cross hatching
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over the top of the earlier hatching it
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doesn't have to be in a totally opposite
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direction you can just cross the lines
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by slightly tilting the line
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and that gives all the benefit of the
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darker effect without confusing the line
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direction we've drawn earlier to reflect
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the underlying shape
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if we compare our two hatching
Comparison
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approaches side by side we can see that
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in the second one where a much greater
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effort has been made to match the
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direction of the hatching with the form
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of the structure it sits on we create a
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much more three-dimensional effect
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and while this simpler hatching which
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really has little regard for the shapes
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it covers
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does create a sense of darkness within
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and of bringing forward the objects that
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sit outside of it it is a far less
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effective way of creating the
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three-dimensionality we see in this
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right-hand version and of course this
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one took a little more time but the
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difference allowing for the actual
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drawing of the outline of the structure
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i think is very little to end up with
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the drawing which captures the effect of
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the structure we're after
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much more effectively
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so why don't you try it align your
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hatching lines to in some way reflect
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the shape of the object that they're
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covering
Conclusion
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g'day i'm stephen travers hatching is a
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tremendous technique to have it's so
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portable and accessible if we have a pen
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or pencil and a bit of paper
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we can create wonderful effects of tone
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of shade of shadow of local color with
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just more line work but as it is with
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all our line work it needs to be
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deliberate even when it's casual and
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loose it still needs to be controlled
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but with a little thought and planning
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we can use our hash lines added to our
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outline lines to create a huge range of
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effects and if we're after realism to
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really inject a sense of
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three-dimensionality and form to our
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structure if you hatch and cross-hatch
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in your drawings i hope this has been
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helpful
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and if you don't
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why not give it a go who knows it could
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be a lot of fun i'll see you next time
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bye

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