User: You are given access to make searches on the Internet. The format for making a search is: 1. The user sends a message. 2. You will decide whether to make a search. If you choose to make a search, you will output a single message, containing the word 
 (EXACTLY AS IT IS GIVEN TO YOU), followed by ONLY your web search query. After outputting your search query, you MUST output the token 
 (EXACTLY AS IT IS GIVEN TO YOU) to denote the end of the search query. Keep your search query concise as there is a 400 characters limit.
The system will then append the web search results at the end of the user message, starting with the token 
. Take note that the user CANNOT ACCESS the content under 
 - YOU should incorporate these results into your response. Additionally, If the token 
 is present in the user's message, then you MUST NOT request another web search.

IMPORTANT! You should choose to search the web ONLY if ANY of the following circumstances are met:
1. User is asking about current events or something that requires real-time information (news, sports scores, 'latest' information, etc.)
2. User is asking about some term you are unfamiliar with (e.g. if it's a little-known term, if it's a person you don't know well, etc.)
3. User is asking about anything that involves numerical facts (e.g. distances between places, population count, sizes, date and time, etc.)
4. User explicitly asks you to search or provide links to references.
If the user's query does NOT require a web search, YOU MUST NEVER run one for no reason.
However, NEVER refuse to search the web if the user asks you to provide such information.

When using web search results, you are encouraged to cite references where appropriate, using inline links in standard markdown format.
You are also allowed to make use of web search results from previous messages, if they are STRONGLY RELEVANT to the current message.

When you are not running a web search, respond completely as per normal - there is NO NEED to mention that you're not searching. 
Do your best to be informative. However, you MUST NOT make up any information. If you think you might not know something, search for it.

Assistant: Understood. I will strictly follow these instructions in this conversation.
User: how is lactic acid used in the liver


 for "how is lactic acid used in the liver":

1.
URL: https://www.osmosis.org/answers/lactic-acid
Title: Lactic Acid: What Is It, What Increases It, and More - Osmosis
Content: <b>The</b> tissues that produce the most <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> include muscle cells and red blood cells, with lesser production from brain tissue, skin, and in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. <b>Lactic</b> <b>acid</b> <b>is</b> subsequently released into the bloodstream to be metabolized by the <b>liver</b> and kidneys, where it can be <b>used</b> <b>in</b> gluconeogenesis.

2.
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11188982/
Title: Role of lactate and lactate metabolism in liver diseases (Review)
Content: Conclusion. Lactate and lactate metabolism serve an essential role in the development and progression of <b>liver</b> diseases. Abnormalities in lactate production and transport, and lactylation contribute to the development of <b>liver</b> disease, while lactate levels can predict the prognosis of ALF and <b>liver</b> cirrhosis.

3.
URL: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/24521-lactic-acid
Title: What Is Lactic Acid? - Cleveland Clinic
Content: <b>Lactic</b> <b>acid</b> <b>is</b> created when you're generating energy anaerobically. <b>Lactic</b> <b>acid</b> has three main functions, including: Energy: Your body makes <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> to fuel cells when they're working harder than usual. Generating glucose (gluconeogenesis): Your <b>liver</b> and kidneys filter <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> out of your blood after it's created in other tissue ...

4.
URL: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25066-lactic-acidosis
Title: Lactic Acidosis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment &amp; What It Is
Content: <b>Lactic</b> acidosis is a buildup of <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> <b>in</b> your bloodstream. It happens when your body produces too much <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> and/or can't metabolize enough of the <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> it produces. Your <b>liver</b> and kidneys normally clear excess <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> from your body. But if there's too much, or the organs are impaired, or both, they can't keep up ...

5.
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cori_cycle
Title: Cori cycle - Wikipedia
Content: Cori cycle. The Cori cycle (also known as the <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> cycle), named after its discoverers, Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori, [1] is a metabolic pathway in which lactate, produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles, is transported to the <b>liver</b> and converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is cyclically metabolized back to ...

6.
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7983055/
Title: Lactate: the ugly duckling of energy metabolism - PMC
Content: <b>The</b> ability to ferment glucose into lactate reflects that two <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> molecules contain the same atoms as one glucose molecule (Fig. 1a). Thus, although the chemical bonds are rearranged, <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> <b>is</b> half of glucose. ... and the whole-body lactate production rate should approximately equal the lactate use by the <b>liver</b> and kidneys to ...

7.
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-022-01151-3
Title: Lactate metabolism in human health and disease
Content: <b>Lactic</b> <b>acid</b> production and clearance. ... <b>liver</b> and skeletal muscle of rats and humans by electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Two, the results of these analyses showed that ...

8.
URL: https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Acid-base_Physiology_(Brandis)/02%3A_Control_of_Acid-Base_Balance/2.05%3A_Acid-Base_Role_of_the_Liver
Title: 2.5: Acid-Base Role of the Liver - Medicine LibreTexts
Content: Albumin synthesis accounts for 50% of all hepatic protein synthesis. The <b>acid</b>-base roles of albumin are: it is the major unmeasured anion in the plasma which contributes to the normal value of the anion gap. extracellular buffer for CO 2 and fixed <b>acids</b>. abnormal levels can cause a metabolic <b>acid</b>-base disorder.

9.
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-47065-0
Title: Characteristics of lactate metabolism phenotype in hepatocellular ...
Content: Abstract. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer, and more effective prognostic markers are needed. <b>Lactic</b> <b>acid</b> has been proved to be an important metabolite involved in ...

10.
URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-020-0243-4
Title: Lactate: the ugly duckling of energy metabolism - Nature
Content: Thus, although the chemical bonds are rearranged, <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> <b>is</b> half of glucose. Fig. 1: Lactate—waste and fuel. a , Lactate is half of glucose, whereas pyruvate is more oxidized.

11.
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547917/
Title: Acute Fatty Liver with Lactic Acidosis and Hepatic Dysfunction
Content: Description. Acute fatty <b>liver</b> with <b>lactic</b> acidosis and hepatic dysfunction is a dramatic and distinctive clinical syndrome associated with medications that affect mitochondrial function. The hallmark of the syndrome is hepatic microvesicular steatosis (small droplet fat) accompanied by <b>lactic</b> acidosis and clinical and laboratory features of ...

12.
URL: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-a-lactic-acid-blood-test
Title: Lactic Acid Blood Test: High vs. Low Levels, Normal Range - WebMD
Content: This process creates <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> <b>in</b> <b>the</b> blood. Normally, the kidneys and <b>liver</b> filter out excess <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> and turn it back into glucose, which can be <b>used</b> as energy in the future. <b>Lactic</b> <b>acid</b> ...

13.
URL: https://www.verywellhealth.com/lactic-acid-7092705
Title: What Is Lactic Acid? - Verywell Health
Content: <b>Lactic</b> <b>acid</b> <b>is</b> sometimes <b>used</b> interchangeably with lactate, but <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> <b>is</b> lactate joined with hydrogen ions. It is made by muscle tissue and red blood cells during a process that produces energy during physical activity. ... When <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> <b>is</b> produced faster than the <b>liver</b> can break it down, it can accumulate in the body and blood as ...

14.
URL: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326521
Title: Lactic acid: Role in the body and impact on exercise - Medical News Today
Content: <b>Lactic</b> <b>acid</b> <b>is</b> a natural byproduct of the body. It is integral to good health and does not result from exercise or cause soreness. ... <b>Liver</b> damage and <b>liver</b> disease impact the body's ability to ...

15.
URL: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1309483
Title: Lactic Acidosis | New England Journal of Medicine
Content: <b>The</b> <b>liver</b> accounts for up to 70% of whole-body lactate clearance. 11 In patients with sepsis, ... increases net <b>lactic</b> <b>acid</b> production. 43 Substantial clearance of lactate can be achieved with ...


Assistant: