Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            disaster, the 
risk 
of epidemic diseases increases mainly as a result of overcrowding and unhygienic 
conditions 
 
 
 
 
Phases Of Disasters: 
 
Disaster situations are dynamic, always changing and demanding a change in 
51 
 
 
 
response. Disasters can be viewed as a series of phases on a time continuum. Even 
though the evolving situation may appear continuous, identifying and 
understanding these phases helps to describe related needs and to conceptualize 
appropriate disaster management activities. These phases are described below: 
 
Pre-emergency phase: the period before the disaster strikes may 
be used to assess 
how often a particular community is exposed to different risks (risk mapping) and 
how good is their preparedness. Protective actions can be undertaken based on the 
disaster warning and the available resources, e.g. identifying temporary shelter 
tocking basic supplies, planning evacuation routes, monitoring 
trends, etc. 
Impact and flight phase: when a disaster strikes the hazard (fire, earthquake, 
floods, conflicts, etc) may trigger the displacement of large number of people from 
their homes. How long this phase lasts depends on the type of disaster, the number 
people affected and the 
distance they must travel to find sanctuary. Search and 
rescue and other assistances, e.g. providing transportation, shelter and basic 
supplies to affected people may be carried out to reduce the loss of lives. 
Acute phase: this phase begins immediately after the impact of the disaster and 
marked by intense, often reactive activities by many humanitarian agencies 
responding to media reports of very high death rate (may be 5-60 times the 
normal death rate). The priority is to keep the affected people alive. Security 
may be a major concern 
in complex emergency situations. Critical services such 
as providing food, water, sanitation, basic health care, protection from violence 
and harassment are to be quickly organized. This phase ends when crude death 
rate falls below 1/10,000 persons per day (the crude mortality rate for stable 
population in Africa is about 0.5/10,000 
individual per day). 
52 
 
 
 
 
Post emergency phase: the population movement usually slows down. This 
enables critical services to be properly established and maintained. During this 
phase the cause of displacement may be evolving. The displaced people wait 
for “something to happen” so that they can return home, integrate with the local 
community or relocate else. It is difficult to set time limits on the post-disaster 
time phases or to accurately define the limits of each, even for one 
specific type 
of disaster. For example, the emergency phase of a hurricane or a flood may be 
only a few days, or as long as a week. A 
drought and a resulting famine can last 
for months or even a year or more. 
Repatriation phase: after the emergency situation is over, displaced people are 
expected to return to their place of origin either on their own or with the help

            Quiz: