Summarize the following text to main points and sub-points and make detailed explain for them:

 their original structure
40. The Protodyakonov Strength Number (PSN) is used to express:
a) Hardness of rocks
b) The ease with which rocks can be broken
c) The density of rocks
d) The composition of rocks
Answer: a) Hardness of rocks
41. The Protodyakonov Strength Number indicates:
a) The density of rocks
b) The relative ease with which rocks can be broken
c) The temperature at which rocks melt
d) The color of rocks
Answer: b) The relative ease with which rocks can be broken
42. What is the Protodyakonov Strength Number for strong lignite and weak shale?
a) 1.5-2
b) 3-4
c) 4.5-5
d) 0-1
Answer: a) 1.5-2
43. What is the Protodyakonov Strength Number for strong coals and anthracites?
a) 0.5
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
Answer: c) 2
44. How many elements are recognized as isolated in the laboratory?
a) 50
b) 87
c) 107
d) 200
Answer: c) 107
45. Which of the following makes up 98% of the Earth's observable crust?
a) 10 elements
b) 12 elements
c) 8 elements
d) 5 elements
Answer: c) 8 elements
46. Essential minerals make up the bulk of rock and are mostly:
a) Quartz and carbonates
b) Silicates with exceptions of quartz and carbonates
c) Carbonates only
d) Oxides
Answer: b) Silicates with exceptions of quartz and carbonates
47. Accessory minerals are found in:
a) Large quantities in rocks
b) Small quantities in rocks
c) Only in sedimentary rocks
d) Only in igneous rocks
Answer: b) Small quantities in rocks
48. Secondary minerals are derived from:
a) The cooling of magma
b) The break-down of other minerals
c) The deposition of sediment
d) The crystallization of salts
Answer: b) The break-down of other minerals
49. Which of the following is a solid fuel?
a) Petroleum oil
b) Natural gas
c) Anthracite
d) Fireclay
Answer: c) Anthracite
50. Which of the following is a liquid fuel?
a) Coal
b) Anthracite
c) Petroleum oil
d) Shale
Answer: c) Petroleum oil
51.. What is Fireclay?
a) Clay that fuses at temperatures above 1200°C
b) Clay or shale that does not fuse below 1580°C
c) Clay used for making bricks
d) Clay that can withstand extreme pressures
Answer: b) Clay or shale that does not fuse below 1580°C
Page 7 – Mining Sirdar Exam MCQs
52.. What is an Outcrop in geological terms?
a) A rock formation covered with soil
b) A rock exposed at the surface
c) A mineral deposit found underground
d) A fault line in the Earth's crust
Answer: b) A rock exposed at the surface
53. In most cases, outcrops are:
a) Always visible on the surface
b) Covered by soil or alluvium
c) Found only in mountainous regions
d) Found in sedimentary rocks only
Answer: b) Covered by soil or alluvium
54.. What is an Anticline?
a) A rock layer that dips toward a common axis
b) A trough or depression formed by folding
c) The crest of a fold where strata are bent upward to form an arch
d) A horizontal bed of rock
Answer: c) The crest of a fold where strata are bent upward to form an arch
55. What is a Syncline?
a) A type of rock fault
b) A fold where beds dip toward a common axis or plane
c) A fault formed due to erosion
d) A horizontal layer of rock
Answer: b) A fold where beds dip toward a common axis or plane
56. What is a Washout in geology?
a) A layer of rock formed due to volcanic eruption
b) An irregularity where the bed thins out due to erosion by a river or stream
c) A stable layer of rock
d) A type of sedimentary rock
Answer: b) An irregularity where the bed thins out due to erosion by a river or stream
57. A Roll is considered the opposite of a:
a) Syncline
b) Anticline
c) Washout
d) Swilley
Answer: c) Washout
58. What is a Swilley?
a) A type of igneous rock formation
b) A depression where the seam sags severely below the general seam
c) A high point in the Earth's surface
d) A type of fault
Answer: b) A depression where the seam sags severely below the general seam
59. Which of the following is true about the seam in a Swilley?
a) The seam is thinner than the general seam
b) The seam is thicker in a Swilley
c) The seam is absent in a Swilley
d) The seam is not affected by a Swilley
Answer: b) The seam is thicker in a Swilley
60. What is an Outlier?
a) A rock formation surrounded by older rocks on all sides
b) A type of fault
c) A rock formation surrounded by newer rocks
d) A depression formed by erosion
Answer: a) A rock formation surrounded by older rocks on all sides
61. What is an Inlier?
a) A patch of rock surrounded by older rocks
b) A rock formation surrounded by newer beds on all sides
c) A fold formed by tectonic movements
d) A type of igneous rock
Answer: b) A rock formation surrounded by newer beds on all sides
62. What happens to the roof of a bed in a washout?
a) It becomes thicker
b) It remains unaffected
c) It is filled with sand or other material
d) It fractures and becomes unstable
Answer: c) It is filled with sand or other material
63.. In which situation would a Washout typically occur?
a) When a river erodes the bed
b) When a volcanic eruption occurs
c) When a rock formation undergoes metamorphism
d) When a fault line forms
Answer: a) When a river erodes the bed
64.. What is a Fault in geological terms?
a) A rock formation created by volcanic activity
b) A fracture in the rock usually associated with lateral or vertical displacement
c) A type of mineral deposit
d) A depression formed due to erosion
Answer: b) A fracture in the rock usually associated with lateral or vertical displacement
65. What does the term 'Throw' refer to in relation to a fault?
a) Horizontal displacement of the fractured bed
b) Vertical displacement of the fractured bed
c) The direction in which a fault moves
d) The angle of the fault with respect to the Earth's surface
Answer: b) Vertical displacement of the fractured bed
66.. How is 'Throw' measured in relation to a fault?
a) From the roof to the floor of a seam
b) From the floor to the floor of a seam
c) From the surface to the fault line
d) From the strike of the bed to the fault line
Answer: b) From the floor to the floor of a seam
67.. What is the horizontal displacement in a fault called?
a) Throw
b) Heave or Lateral shift
c) Strike
d) Trend
Answer: b) Heave or Lateral shift
68.. What is the term used to describe the area where a coal seam is missing due to fault displacement?
a) Strike zone
b) Fault line
c) Barren ground or want
d) Fracture zone
Answer: c) Barren ground or want
69. The angle of hade or underline of a fault is always measured from which direction?
a) The horizontal plane
b) The vertical
c) The dip of the bed
d) The strike of the strata
Answer: b) The vertical
70. What is the usual range for the angle of hade in a fault?
a) 0° to 10°
b) 10° to 40°
c) 20° to 50°
d) 30° to 60°
Answer: b) 10° to 40°
71. Which type of fault involves the older rock being thrust over the new rock by lateral compression?
a) Normal fault
b) Reverse fault
c) Strike fault
d) Oblique fault
Answer: b) Reverse fault
72. In which type of fault do the broken strata overlap each other?
a) Normal fault
b) Reverse fault
c) Strike fault
d) Oblique fault
Answer: b) Reverse fault
73.. Which fault type is commonly found in coal fields?
a) Reverse fault
b) Oblique fault
c) Transverse fault
d) Normal fault
Answer: d) Normal fault
74. Which type of fault causes lateral displacement of the strata and is also called a Transverse fault?
a) Strike fault
b) Oblique fault
c) Normal fault
d) Dip fault
Answer: d) Dip fault
75.. Which fault type has the direction or trend parallel to the strike of the strata and is also called
Longitudinal fault?
a) Strike fault
b) Oblique fault
c) Normal fault
d) Reverse fault
Answer: a) Strike fault
76.. What is an Oblique fault?
a) A fault that runs at an angle between the dip and strike of the bed
b) A fault that runs parallel to the dip of the strata
c) A fault caused by lateral compression
d) A fault that does not involve displacement
Answer: a) A fault that runs at an angle between the dip and strike of the bed
77.. Which of the following faults causes vertical displacement in a bed?
a) Oblique fault
b) Normal fault
c) Strike fault
d) Reverse fault
Answer: b) Normal fault
78.. Which fault type is uncommon in coal fields and involves the displacement of older rocks over newer ones?
a) Reverse fault
b) Oblique fault
c) Transverse fault
d) Strike fault
Answer: a) Reverse fault
79. What is a Normal Fault?
a) A fault where older rocks are pushed over younger rocks
b) A fault where the strata do not overlap and the fault plane has a forward dip toward the displaced bed
c) A fault that runs along the strike of the bed
d) A fault that only occurs in sedimentary rocks
Answer: b) A fault where the strata do not overlap and the fault plane has a forward dip toward the displaced
bed


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