PREFINAL NOTES: SOCSI 032
ASIAN REGIONALISM
    1. What is the primary objective of the ASEAN?

Answer: to promote economic cooperation and integration among its member countries
    2. It refers to limited arrangements between states to pursue their goals without losing their autonomy to decide independently in areas deemed crucial to sovereignty.
Answer: Cooperation 
    3. What country promotes the East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere? 

Answer:  Japan

    4. What approach to regionalism places importance on state consent  as the basis for cooperation or integration? 

Answer:  Intergovernmentalism

    5. What refers to the formal process of intergovernmental collaboration  between two or more states? 

Answer: Regionalism 

    6. Asian products in Global Market.

 Answer: Generative View

    7. What school of thought which claims the Asia is a springboard to globalization? 

Answer: Generative View 

    8. It refers to the creation of formal institutions that entails some degree of renunciation of autonomous action by states. 

Answer: Integration

    9. Which of the following was the cause of the substantial fall of the authoritarian regime in Asia? 

Answer: rise of middle class

    10.  What refers to the conscious, rather than undirected, process of  creating institutions by states at the regional level? 
Answer:  Regionalization

    11. What agreement that was signed by the founding member states which created the ASEAN?
 
Answer: Bangkok Declaration

    12. It refers to the creation of formal institutions that entails some degree  of renunciation of autonomous action by states. 

Answer: Integration 

    13. “Accelerate the establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015…”  

Answer: Cebu Declaration 

    14. What ASEAN agreement accelerated the creation of ASEAN community from 2012 to 2015?
Answer: Cebu Declaration 

    15.  “Accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural  development in the region through joint endeavors.” 

Answer:  Bangkok Declaration 

    16. Which of the following is not a member of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)?

 Answer: India


    17. What school of thought claims that Asia has been increasingly Westernized. 

Answer: Externalist View

    18. Regionalism can have important demonstration effects in accustoming actors to the effects of liberalization. 
Answer: management of  internationalization

    19. Which of the following is not a cause of the Asian Financial Crisis? 
Answer: adequate liberalization

    20. What is the primary objective of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)? 
Answer: To create free trade among its member countries

    21. Which of the following is not a member of the ASEAN plus six? 
Answer: Hong Kong

    22. What school of thought which claimed the Asian Region as an object impacted by globalization? 
Answer: Externalist View

    23. Which of the following is not a founding member of the ASEAN ?
 Answer: Vietnam

    24. Who represented the Philippines during the founding of the ASEAN 1967? 
Answer: Narciso R. Ramos

    25. What regional organization in the world practices the supranationalism approach to regionalism?

Answer: European Union

    26. In what century did the movements for nationalism and independence start?
Answer: 19th 

    27. What was the name of the currency that Thailand created? 
Answer: Santi Suk

GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURES

    1. Media channels which transmit information basically through radio or television and recently, internet through social networking sites and other search engines and web explorers
Answer: Broadcast Media

    2. Relating to using or storing data or information in the form of digital signals, involving or relating to the use of computer technology.
Answer: Digital

    3. Newspapers or journalists viewed collectively.
Answer: Press

    4. It is old as mankind.
Answer: Religion

    5. It refers to an international community formed by constant interaction between citizens of various countries and bound by shared cultural experiences, transcending geographical distance and actual physical contact. 
Answer: Global Village

    6. The importing or exchange of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium; the successful conveying or sharing of ideas and feelings.
Answer: Communication
    7. Means of mass communication in the form of printed publications such as newspapers and magazines.
Answer: Print Media

    8. It refers to a community formed by like-minded individuals bound by common interests, shared aspirations, collective identity, and the like.
Answer: Imagined Community

    9. A religious belief system which has become generally recognized as having independent status from any other religion, but which nonetheless may have many, sometimes mutually antagonistic, sects or denominations.
Answer: World Religion

    10. It refers to corporations or entities globally engaged in media production and/or distribution.
Answer: Global Media

    11. The main means of communication.
Answer: Media

    12. The rise of nationalism as a ____ to globalization may put pressure on ethnic/religious diversity in some countries. 
Answer: counter pressure

    13. Time is viewed as ___ from beginning to end.
Answer: Linear

    14. It is a gap in technological skills between those who have ready access to computers and other digital devices, and the internet, and those who do not.
Answer: Digital Divide

    15. It occurs when one media dominates another country’s culture.
Answer: Media Imperialism

    16. This theory argues that a core of advanced countries dominates the global economic system Third World countries remain on the periphery of the system with little control over their economic and political development.
Answer: Cultural Imperialism

    17. It is characterized as the shared frame for studikes being interested in the broader consequences of media and communications for everyday life. Answer: Mediatization
Answer: Mediatization

    18. It recognized the right of states to economic and social development and contained 27 principles of sustainable development. 
Answer: Rio declaration

TRUE OR FALSE: 
    1. Global media has immense power in terms of how it covers events outside the developing world.
Answer: FALSE

    2. Global trade, global political participation, global cultural assimilation, and global socialization exist even in the absence of media. 

Answer: FALSE

    3. Western beliefs advocate a belief in reincarnation or rebirth.
Answer: FALSE 

    4. Cultural imperialism attempts to promote a Western lifestyle and possibly Americanize the world.
Answer: FALSE

    5. According to Jack Lule, globalization and media are combining to create a divided world of gated communities and ghettos, borders and boundaries, suffering and surfeit, beauty and decay, surveillance and violence invoking the biblical town punished for its vanity by seeing its citizens scattered, its language confounded, and its destiny shaped by strife.
Answer: TRUE






    6. No globalization without media.
Answer: TRUE
    7. Dominance of particular country in the global media marketplace is more a function of economic than cultural factors. 
Answer: TRUE 

    8. Cultural Globalization requires an organizational infrastructure. 
Answer: TRUE

    9.  Imperialism with the concept of ‘globalization’ suggests ‘interconnection and dependency of all global areas’ happening in a ‘far less purposeful way.’
Answer:  TRUE

    10. Cultural imperialism argues that the global economic system is dominated by a core of advance countries while third world countries remain at the periphery of the system with control over their economic and political development. 
Answer: FALSE

    11.  Jack Lule predicted the global village, one world interconnected by an electronic nervous system, making it part of our popular culture before it actually happened. 

Answer: FALSE

    12. According to Marshall McLuhan, the global village according to him, predicted that global village, one world interconnected by an electronic nervous system, making it part of our popular culture before it actually happened.

Answer: TRUE

    13. First World issues sustains the unequal relations of power that exist between the West and the Third World. 
Answer: FALSE

    14. The second wave of the rise of the middle class in Southeast Asia begun in the countries South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia
Answer: FALSE

ADDITIONAL INFOS: 
It refers to the way in which media content is created, distributed, and consumed across the world.
    • Global Media Cultures
Having or operating with components such as microchips and transistors that control and direct electric currents.
    • Electronic 
Media channels that convey a message/s through creative activity that are performed in front of an audience, such as music, dance and drama.
    • Performing Arts Media

Handwriting as distinct from print, written characters, writing using a particular alphabet; an automated series of instructions carried out in a specific order.
    • Script
The term "global village" was popularized by ______ 
    • Marshall McLuhan
It plays a prominent role in the global scene in media industries. Established a decisive and fundamental leadership in the cultural sphere. 
    • America
They are responsible for the selection and packaging of news from the third world
    • Global new agencies and major broadcasting organization 
They are key actors in this system, producing goods, controlling markets, and disseminating products using similar techniques
    • Multinational or Trans-national Corporations
It suggests “interconnection and interdependency of all global areas” happening “in a far less purposeful way.
    • Imperialism 

Globalization in 6 Metaphors:
• Globalization as our era: it is an outcome that has been achieved in our time.
• Globalization as an unstoppable force: inevitable 
• Globalization as a rising tide: globalization is a natural development that will elevate and enrich all. 
• Globalization as benefactor: the benefits it brings - bringing positive change - distribute benefits 
• Globalization as a networked world: barriers of the world have come down 
• Globalization as empire: economic and military expansion\


Role of Media in Globalization:
    1. Bridging cultural divides
    2. Sharing information
    3. Spreading popular culture
    4. Encouraging consumerism 

Basics of Cultural Globalization:
1. Diffusion of ideas and cultures amongst all of the civilizations of the world.
2. Trend that will eventually make all of human experiences and customs the same since all cultures are coming together into one 
3. Occurs in everyday life, through wireless communication, electronic commerce, popular culture, and international trade
4. Attempt to promote a Western lifestyle and possibly Americanize the world

Contributing Factors:
1. New technology and forms of communication around the world help to integrate different cultures into each other
2. Transportation technologies and services along with mass migration and individual travel contribute to this form of globalization allowing for cross-cultural exchanges 
3. Infrastructures and institutionalization embedded change (e.g. teaching languages such as English across the world through educational systems and training of teachers)

Benefits that allow for profits to companies and nations
1. Offers opportunities for development and advancement in economics, technology, and information and usually impacts developed countries 
2. Creates a more homogeneous world 
3. Generates interdependent companies amongst companies

GLOBAL RELIGION
    1. Humans must enter into an interpersonal relationship with God
Answer: Western Beliefs

    2. Time is viewed in cycles.
Answer: Eastern Beliefs

    3. The way of life.
Answer: Religion

    4. Sacred writings of Christianity
Answer: Bible 

    5. Humans must enter into an interpersonal relationship with God.
Answer: Monotheistic

    6. It is the existence within a society of diverse groups, as in religion, race, or ethnic origin which contribute to the cultural matrix of the society while retaining their distinctive characters. 
Answer: Pluralism

    7 Refers to the ethical values and the system of moral practice directly resulting from an adherence to the beliefs.
Answer: Works/Code

TRUE OR FALSE: 
    1. Eastern beliefs believe in one God.
Answer: TRUE
    2. Each religion differs in the idea of sin
Answer: TRUE
    3. Each religion has its own set of religious symbols by which the religion is identified. 
Answer: TRUE
    4. Religion is the key in understanding what drives peace. 
Answer: FALSE

WHAT DOES RELIGION MEAN? 
According to the dictionary, religion involves "belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe." It is "a personal or institutionalized system grounded in such belief and worship." 
● Simply put, all religions celebrate a sense of the sacred in life. 


ORIGINS OF RELIGION
 ➢ Religion is as old as humankind.
 ➢ Since the beginning, human beings have looked to powers outside of themselves for protection and reassurance.
 ➢ These beliefs predate the written word, so we must look to archaeological finds for evidence of these ancient religious beliefs. Of course, we cannot know exactly what these beliefs were, but we can theorize.

EXAMPLES:
➢ Neanderthal Man (60,000 BC) 
○ Burial sites with animal antlers on the body and flower fragments next to the corpse.

➢ Cro-Magnon Man (35,000-10,000 BC) 
○ Buried with food, shells, necklaces of deer teeth, fine skin clothes, and good tools.
○ Dead also covered in red earth to look like newborns. Good indication that they believed in rebirth after death – an afterlife. 

WHAT CHARACTERIZES A RELIGION? 
Most scholars agree that every religion has the same three basic elements: 
➢ wisdom or creed,
 ➢ worship or cult, and 
➢ works or code

➢ WISDOM AND CREED 
○ Refers to the theological beliefs and scriptures or holy writings of a religion. 
○ A creed is a set of truths that MUST be accepted and agreed to by those who wish to belong to the religion, those who choose to be a follower or disciple. Briefly, a creed is a "summary" of the principle beliefs of a religion.



➢ WORSHIP/CULT 
○ Refers to the way of worshiping, to the rituals that are practiced by followers of the religion. This is often a difficult element to describe because it involves so many diverse elements.

➢ WORKS/CODE 
○ Refers to the ethical values and the system of moral practice directly resulting from an adherence to the beliefs. It is a set of moral principles and guidelines that must be respected and followed by those who would be identified as members of the religion.

A code, when used in a religious sense, is simply a summary of the principles and guidelines by which people choose which actions are good, and which to be avoided.

These three elements (Wisdom/Worship/Works) fulfill the three parts of the human soul: thought, feelings and action; mind, sensibilities and will; the intellectual, the aesthetic and the moral.

The place of origin of the world religions falls into two geographical areas, the Middle East (Western Faiths) and the Far East.

     WESTERN BELIEFS                                                        EASTERN BELIEFS 
          Judaism 					                    Hinduism
         Buddhism  						           Islam
       Christianity 						      Confucianism  
          Taoism 
       Shintoism







WESTERN BELIEFS 
➢ Share a similar view of the world and concept because they both sprang from Judaism (Islam & Christianity) 
➢ MONOTHEISTIC- believe in one GOD 
➢ Humans must enter into an interpersonal relationship with God 
➢ Morality is based on learning the will of God, understanding and living it out individually and as a community
 ➢ Time is viewed as linear, from beginning to end 
➢ The Bible (Christianity), Torah (Judaism) or Koran (Islam) are the central books studied and lived by.

EASTERN BELIEFS
 ➢ Polytheism - belief in more than one god 
➢ Main concern is to live a good, happier, better life right here and now 
➢ Creation contains God within it. All elements of creation from plants to animals have an animated spirit
➢ Meditation- is central to these faiths 
➢ Life is balanced 
➢ Holy books are not central to the belief and practice 
➢ Time is viewed in cycles. 
➢ There is a belief in reincarnation or rebirth ➢ Things can be made better or worse through karma

IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING RELIGION 
1. Understand differences and see similarities between nations and cultures both political and philosophical
2. Appreciate our own beliefs by seeing them alongside those of others 
3. Work for Ecumenism through a meaningful exchange of ideas between religious groups



SIMILARITIES OF RELIGION 
● Belief in a power greater than humans 
● Holy Places eg. Mecca, Jerusalem, 
● Set of religious symbols by which the religion is identified 
● Having a liturgy or observance of Holy Days 
● Having sacred or Holy Writings, list of rules 
● Number of important people, founders, prophets, missionaries, historical people 
● Place of worship 
● Belief in a Golden Rule

RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES 
● Their idea of sin or evil 
● Their idea of salvation 
● The idea of priesthood 
● Their idea of a personal God 
- some believe that their god can personally communicate with each human- can be contacted, persuaded, involved. Others that their God is unreachable -- people are on their own to find their own answers. Others that their God is beyond the limits of experience or knowledge.


HOW DOES GLOBALIZATION AFFECT RELIGIOUS PRACTICES AND BELIEFS? 
➢ Rising religious fundamentalism as people feel culturally threatened by an influx of ‘strange’ cultural factors resulting from the increasingly multicultural societies triggered by globalization. ➢ Conversely, the movement of people and information across national borders increases the rate of social and cultural liberalization resulting in potential loosening of traditional religious strictures. 
➢ The rise of nationalism as a counter-pressure to globalization may put pressure on ethnic/religious diversity in some countries. Particularly, countries that do not have long histories of multiculturalism or where there has been historical conflict between ethnic/religious groups that had been suppressed due to the rise of globalization. 
➢ The ease of information flow also allows the rapid movement of religious proselytizing across the world. So, the converts to regionally non-traditional religions i.e Mormonism and Fundamentalist Christianity in Latin America, have increased dramatically.