1. Structure and Function of the Nervous System
a. Neurotransmiters and their functions
2. Piaget’s theory of psychosocial development
3. Atkinson–Shiffrin multi-store model of memory
a. Key data associated with memory models
b. Strategies for memory retention
4. Neuroplasticity and its implications
5. Cycles of Mater (particularly carbon and water)
a. Processes – must know crucial word equations where necessary
b. Identification of sources and sinks
6. Greenhouse effect and how it is now enhanced
7. First Nations Australians contribution to knowledge of bushfire management
8. Food pyramids in ecology
9. Analysing food chains/webs
a. Identifying trophic levels
b. Identifying producers and different consumer roles
c. Identifying decomposers and detritivores, and describing their importance
10. List the 9 types of energy, classify them according to either potential or kinetic energy types.
11. Define “waves”.
12. State the two types of waves.
13. State the best-known example of transverse waves.
14. Define the 5 elements of a transverse wave.
15. State the best-known example of longitudinal waves.
16. Describe the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves.
17. Describe how wavelength can be measured in a longitudinal wave.
18. Define frequency.
19. Describe how frequency and wavelength are related.
20. State the mathematical formula that relates frequency and wavelength, including units.
21. Describe how period and frequency are related, include the mathematical formula.
22. Describe sound.
23. What does sound require to be transmitted?
24. How are sounds viewed?
25. Relate period and frequency of waves.
26. Explain why a clock in a vacuum bell jar cannot be heard when it rings.
27. Describe how the speed of sound can change.
28. Describe and draw the relationship between loudness and amplitude of a sound wave.
29. Describe and draw the relationship between pitch and frequency of a sound wave.
30. State the measurement unit for loudness of sound.
31. Explain why two people singing at the same loudness and pitch can still sound different.
32. Describe how echoes occur.
33. Describe sonar.
34. Explain the mathematical technique(s) required to measure distances using sonar.
35. Describe echolation.
36. State the difference between infrasound and ultrasound.
37. Describe how sound is perceived by the ear.
38. Explain how animals can hear at different distances and different frequencies.
39. State the different colours that make up white light.
a. List them in order of wavelength and frequency.
40. List the other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
41. Differentiate between the different types of waves in the EM spectrum in terms of their energy levels,
wavelengths and frequency.
42. Describe the differences between EM spectrum waves and sound waves.
43. Describe the difference between analogue and digital quantities.
44. Explain the advantages of using digital signals over analogue signals.
45. Describe how knowledge of radio waves (and the EM spectrum) has impacted human development and
communications.
46. Describe the difference between energy transfer and transformation.
47. Describe how energy transfers and/or transformations are represented. Provide an example.
48. State the Law of Conservation of Energy.
49. Explain why energy transfers and/or transformations are never 100% efficient. State the most common form
of wasted energy.
50. State the equation used to calculate energy efficiency.
51. Describe what two key features of the Sankey Diagram represent.
52. Draw a labelled Sankey Diagram with the following keywords:
a. Input energy
b. Useful output energy
c. Waste output energy
53. State the three ways of heat energy transfer.
54. Explain why Earth Ovens used by First Nations Australians are an efficient way of heating food – use the
concepts of conduction, convection, and radiation (include reflection, absorption, transmission) in your
answer.
55. Using the same concepts, explain how insulated vessels fulfil their purpose