User: what is most similar to mechanotrnic and physics related masters for someone how has a computer science backgorund?


Assistant:  IfIf you have a computer science background and are looking for a master's program similar to **mechatronics** and physics-related fields, you might want to consider interdisciplinary programs that bridge computing, engineering, and physical systems. Here are some options that are closely aligned:

### 1. **Robotics and Automation**
- Combines mechanical engineering, electronics, and computer science.
- Focuses on designing intelligent machines and systems.
- Involves control systems, sensor integration, and AI.

### 2. **Control Systems Engineering**
- Deals with modeling and controlling physical systems.
- Strong overlap with mechatronics in automation and feedback control.
- Uses computer algorithms to manage mechanical and electronic devices.

### 3. **Cyber-Physical Systems**
- Focuses on the integration of software with physical processes.
- Involves sensor networks, embedded systems, and real-time computing.
- Very relevant for IoT, robotics, and autonomous systems development.

### 4. **Embedded Systems**
- Combines hardware and software for real-time computing applications.
- Relevant for designing controllers used in mechatronic devices.
- Emphasizes low-level programming and hardware interfacing.

### 5. **Computational Physics or Engineering**
- Applies computational techniques to solve physical problems.
- Uses programming and simulations to study mechanical and physical systems.
- A physics-heavy program but friendly to computer science skills.

### 6. **Mechatronics or Mechanical Engineering with Computational Focus**
- Some universities offer mechatronics with an emphasis on software and computational modeling.
- You can leverage your CS skills for simulation, control design, and intelligent systems.

---

### Summary
For a computer science graduate, **Robotics**, **Cyber-Physical Systems**, and **Control Systems Engineering** are likely the closest and most practical master's programs related to mechatronics and physics. These fields mesh computation with physical and mechanical systems, allowing you to capitalize on your current skills while expanding into hardware and physics-based applications.

If you want, I can help you find specific programs or universities that offer these interdisciplinary degrees!
User: which fields would have the best work conditons and possiblites in the future?
Assistant:  WhenWhen considering work conditions and future prospects, it's important to think about factors like job market growth, work-life balance, salary potential, industry stability, and opportunities for innovation. Here's an overview of the fields mentioned, focusing on these aspects:

### 1. **Robotics and Automation**
- **Work Conditions:** Typically involves collaboration in R&D labs, manufacturing, or tech companies. Can include office work as well as fieldwork depending on the role.
- **Future Prospects:** Very strong. Robotics is expanding in manufacturing, healthcare, logistics, and autonomous vehicles. Increasing automation means high demand for skilled professionals.
- **Trends:** AI integration, collaborative robots (‘cobots’), autonomous systems.

### 2. **Control Systems Engineering**
- **Work Conditions:** Often involves working in industries like aerospace, automotive, energy, and manufacturing. Can be both on-site and office-based.
- **Future Prospects:** Solid, especially in industries focusing on automation, renewable energy, and smart infrastructure.
- **Trends:** Industry 4.0, smart grids, automated manufacturing.

### 3. **Cyber-Physical Systems**
- **Work Conditions:** Typically office-based with opportunities in cutting-edge tech companies, defense, healthcare, and IoT startups.
- **Future Prospects:** Excellent growth potential with the rise of IoT, smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and edge computing.
- **Trends:** Integration of physical and digital worlds, real-time data analytics, security challenges.

### 4. **Embedded Systems**
- **Work Conditions:** Work often involves hardware labs and development environments. Can be demanding due to real-time constraints but usually stable.
- **Future Prospects:** Strong, as embedded systems are essential in consumer electronics, automotive, aerospace, and medical devices.
- **Trends:** IoT devices, wearable technology, automotive electronics.

### 5. **Computational Physics or Engineering**
- **Work Conditions:** Mostly office or lab-based research environments; sometimes in academia or research institutions.
- **Future Prospects:** More niche, but valuable in scientific research, energy, materials science, and finance sectors.
- **Trends:** High-performance computing, simulations for new materials or physical phenomena.

### Work Conditions & Future Possibilities Summary:
| Field                      | Work Conditions            | Future Job Market Growth | Salary & Stability     | Suitability for CS Background   |
|----------------------------|----------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------|---------------------------------|
| Robotics and Automation     | Collaborative, dynamic     | Very high               | High                  | Excellent                       |
| Control Systems Engineering | Industry-focused, varied   | Strong                  | Moderate to high      | Very good                      |
| Cyber-Physical Systems      | Office/tech-centered       | Very high               | High                  | Excellent                      |
| Embedded Systems           | Hardware/software mix      | Strong                  | Moderate to high      | Very good                      |
| Computational Physics       | Research-focused           | Moderate                | Variable              | Good (needs physics interest)  |

### Recommendations:
- **Best Overall Future Prospects:** *Robotics, Cyber-Physical Systems,* and *Embedded Systems* due to their growth in technology-driven sectors.
- **Best Work-Life Balance:** Often depends on employer and role, but *Control Systems* and *Cyber-Physical Systems* in corporate or research settings can offer good stability.
- **Highest Innovation Potential:** *Robotics* and *Cyber-Physical Systems*—both are at the forefront of technology trends.

---

If your priority is future job security and utilizing your computer science background, **Robotics** and **Cyber-Physical Systems** stand out as top choices. They combine software, hardware, and physical systems in cutting-edge applications with broad industry demand.

Would you like insights on specific companies, job roles, or tips on making a transition into one of these fields?
User: what career within robotics vs applied mathematics?
Assistant:  GreatGreat question! Choosing between a career in **robotics** and **applied mathematics** depends on your interests, skill set, and career goals. Both fields offer exciting opportunities, but they differ significantly in daily work, industry focus, and skill application.

Let me break down key differences and career paths for each:

---

### **Career in Robotics**

**Overview:**  
Robotics blends hardware, software, and control systems to design intelligent machines. It’s highly interdisciplinary, involving programming, electronics, mechanics, AI, and sensor integration.

**Typical Roles:**
- Robotics Engineer/Developer
- Automation Engineer
- Control Systems Engineer
- Robot Programmer
- Computer Vision Engineer
- AI/ML Engineer in Robotics

**Daily Work:**
- Designing, testing, and programming robot systems.
- Working with hardware prototypes and sensors.
- Implementing algorithms for perception, navigation, and control.
- Collaborating with mechanical and electrical engineers.
- Field testing and deploying robotic solutions.

**Industries:**
- Manufacturing and automation
- Healthcare (surgical robots, rehabilitation)
- Autonomous vehicles and drones
- Consumer robotics (vacuum robots, personal assistants)
- Aerospace and defense

**Pros:**
- Tangible impact: building real-world machines.
- Interdisciplinary work with diverse teams.
- Growing market with expanding applications.
- High innovation and R&D opportunities.

**Cons:**
- Can require working with complex hardware issues.
- May involve physical or field work besides programming.
- Sometimes slower product development cycles.

---

### **Career in Applied Mathematics**

**Overview:**  
Applied mathematics focuses on using mathematical models, algorithms, and computations to solve practical problems in science, engineering, and beyond. It’s often software- and theory-heavy, emphasizing analysis, optimization, and numerical methods.

**Typical Roles:**
- Data Scientist / Analyst
- Quantitative Analyst (Finance)
- Operations Research Analyst
- Computational Scientist
- Risk Analyst
- Algorithm Developer
- Simulation and Modeling Specialist

**Daily Work:**
- Developing mathematical models to understand real-world systems.
- Using statistics, numerical analysis, optimization, and simulation.
- Writing software to analyze data or simulate phenomena.
- Collaborating with domain experts to apply math techniques to their problems.
- Research and development of new mathematical methods.

**Industries:**
- Finance and insurance
- Technology and software companies
- Energy and environment modeling
- Aerospace and defense simulation
- Pharmaceuticals and healthcare analytics
- Academia and national labs

**Pros:**
- Deeply analytical and intellectually challenging.
- Broad industry applicability.
- Often office-based with flexible work environments.
- Highly valued in data-driven decision making.

**Cons:**
- Usually less direct involvement with physical systems or hardware.
- Can be abstract and theoretical compared to engineering.
- May require advanced degrees for research roles.

---

### **Comparison Summary**

| Aspect               | Robotics                          | Applied Mathematics              |
|----------------------|---------------------------------|---------------------------------|
| Nature of Work       | Hardware-software systems design | Mathematical modeling & analysis |
| Interaction with Physical Systems | High                     | Low to moderate                 |
| Programming Skills   | Strong (embedded, control, AI)  | Strong (numerical methods, data)|
| Industry Flexibility | Specialized but growing          | Very broad                     |
| Work Environment     | Labs, factories, offices          | Mostly office or research labs  |
| Innovation Level     | High in emerging tech             | High in algorithm development   |
| Intellectual Focus   | Engineering + practical problem solving | Theoretical + computational problem solving |

---

### **Which Should You Choose?**

- If you enjoy **building and programming physical systems**, working in interdisciplinary teams, and seeing tangible robotic outcomes, **robotics** is an excellent fit.
- If you love **mathematical abstractions**, modeling complex systems, analyzing large datasets, or optimizing processes through software, **applied mathematics** offers broad opportunities.
- Your CS background gives you a leg up in both: 
  - Robotics benefits from algorithm design, AI, and software engineering skills.
  - Applied math often requires strong programming for simulations, data analysis, and algorithm implementation.

---

### Would You Like?

- Recommendations on combining these fields (e.g., robotics-focused applied math)?
- Specific graduate programs or certifications?
- Insight into day-to-day work or skill-building tips for either field?
- Examples of job titles and companies hiring in each? 

Let me know how
User: whaty about embedded systems
Assistant:  GreatGreat choice! **Embedded systems** is another excellent field that sits nicely at the intersection of computer science, hardware, and physical systems—making it quite complementary to both robotics and applied mathematics in different ways.

Here’s an overview to help you understand what a career in embedded systems looks like and how it compares:

---

### **What are Embedded Systems?**

Embedded systems are specialized computing systems that perform dedicated functions within larger mechanical or electrical systems. Unlike general-purpose computers, embedded systems often have real-time constraints and interact closely with hardware.

Examples include microcontrollers in cars, firmware in consumer electronics, medical devices, and IoT sensors.

---

### **Typical Roles in Embedded Systems**

- Embedded Software Engineer / Developer  
- Firmware Engineer  
- IoT Developer  
- Real-Time Systems Engineer  
- Hardware-Software Integration Engineer  
- Device Driver Developer  

---

### **Daily Work in Embedded Systems**

- Writing low-level code (often in C/C++ or assembly) for microcontrollers and processors.  
- Designing and debugging firmware that interacts with hardware components (sensors, actuators, communication interfaces).  
- Optimizing software for resource-constrained environments (memory, processing power).  
- Testing and validating real-time system performance and reliability.  
- Collaborating with hardware engineers and system architects.

---

### **Industries & Applications**

- Automotive (ECUs, autonomous driving components)  
- Consumer electronics and appliances  
- Telecommunications and networking devices  
- Aerospace and defense  
- Medical devices and instrumentation  
- Industrial automation and robotics (embedded systems often control robots!)

---

### **Pros of a Career in Embedded Systems**

- Combines software skills with deep understanding of hardware.  
- Strong demand in many growing sectors (automotive electronics, IoT, smart devices).  
- Often offers challenging optimization and problem-solving work.  
- Opportunity to work on real-world, safety-critical systems.  
- Typically stable and well-paid roles.

---

### **Cons**

- Requires knowledge of hardware concepts and low-level programming.  
- Can involve strict deadlines and bug-fixing in critical systems.  
- Sometimes requires working with legacy systems or less “glamorous” environments.  
- Debugging can be challenging due to limited visibility inside devices.

---

### **How Embedded Systems Compare to Robotics and Applied Mathematics**

| Aspect                    | Embedded Systems                   | Robotics                        | Applied Mathematics            |
|---------------------------|-----------------------------------|--------------------------------|------------------------------|
| Focus                     | Hardware-software integration     | Physical robots and AI systems | Mathematical modeling & analysis |
| Hardware Interaction       | Very high                        | High                          | Low                           |
| Programming Languages     | C, C++, Assembly                  | Python, C++, ROS, MATLAB       | Python, R, MATLAB, C++        |
| Real-Time/Low-Level Work  | Critical                         | Sometimes                      | Rarely                       |
| Industry Flexibility       | Broad (IoT, automotive, consumer) | Specialized but growing         | Very broad                   |
| Work Environment          | Labs, manufacturing, corporate   | Research labs, startup, industry | Office, academia, research    |
| Suitability for CS Background| Excellent (especially systems programming) | Excellent (software+AI skills) | Excellent (algorithmic and analytical skills) |

---

### **Summary**

- If you enjoy **working close to hardware** and writing **efficient, low-level code**, embedded systems is a fantastic fit.  
- It offers **strong job security** and **diverse industry options**, especially as IoT and smart devices continue to grow.  
- Embedded systems also often overlap with robotics (many robotic components rely on embedded controllers), so you could even combine these interests.

---

### Would you like help with:

- Learning paths and key skills to enter embedded systems?  
- Recommended master’s programs focusing on embedded systems?  
- Resources to start hands-on projects or build a portfolio?  
- Job market outlook or companies hiring embedded systems engineers?

Feel free to
User: and cybersecurity
Assistant: ! **Cybersecurity** is another excellent and rapidly growing field that complements a computer science background very well. While it’s somewhat different from traditional mechatronics, robotics, or physics-related fields, it can overlap with embedded systems and cyber-physical systems, especially when securing IoT devices, industrial control systems, or robotic platforms.

Here’s a detailed overview of cybersecurity and how it compares to robotics, applied mathematics, and embedded systems:

---

### **What is Cybersecurity?**

Cybersecurity involves protecting computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, attacks, damage, or theft. It covers a wide range of practices, including network security, application security, cryptography, threat analysis, and incident response.

---

### **Typical Roles in Cybersecurity**

- Security Analyst  
- Security Engineer  
- Penetration Tester (Ethical Hacker)  
- Incident Responder  
- Cryptographer  
- Security Architect  
- Malware Analyst  
- IoT/Embedded Systems Security Specialist

---

### **Daily Work in Cybersecurity**

- Monitoring networks and systems for security breaches or vulnerabilities.  
- Designing and implementing security measures (firewalls, encryption, access controls).  
- Conducting penetration tests or vulnerability assessments.  
- Analyzing and responding to security incidents or malware attacks.  
- Developing policies and best practices for information security.  
- Collaborating with software/hardware teams to ensure secure design (e.g., embedded devices).

---

### **Industries & Applications**

- Finance and banking  
- Government and defense  
- Healthcare  
- Telecommunications  
- Technology and software companies  
- Critical infrastructure (energy grids, water systems)  
- Industrial IoT and manufacturing (securing cyber-physical systems and embedded devices)

---

### **Pros of a Career in Cybersecurity**

- High demand and strong job security worldwide.  
- Opportunities across virtually every industry sector.  
- Often high salaries, especially with certifications and experience.  
- Constantly evolving field with exciting, challenging problems.  
- Can work remotely or in security operations centers.  
- Chance to protect important assets and make a real impact.

---

### **Cons**

- Can involve stressful incident response situations.  
- Needs continuous learning to keep up with evolving threats.  
- Sometimes requires odd hours or on-call duties depending on role.  
- For some roles, requires deep understanding of complex systems and attack methodologies.

---

### **How Cybersecurity Compares with Robotics, Applied Mathematics, and Embedded Systems**

| Aspect                     | Cybersecurity                    | Robotics                        | Applied Mathematics            | Embedded Systems             |
|----------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------|------------------------------|------------------------------|
| Nature of Work            | Protecting digital/physical systems | Designing intelligent machines  | Analyzing/modeling systems     | Hardware-software integration |
| Interaction with Hardware  | Medium to High (IoT, embedded device security) | High                         | Low                          | Very High                   |
| Programming Focus         | Security tools, scripting, C/C++, Python | C++, Python, ROS, MATLAB      | Python, MATLAB, R, C++          | C, C++, Assembly             |
| Industry Flexibility       | Very broad                     | Specialized but growing          | Very broad                   | Broad                       |
| Work Environment          | Office, SOCs, sometimes remote  | Labs, industry                  | Office, labs                  | Labs, industry              |
| Demand & Growth           | Very high and growing           | Very high                      | Moderate to growing           | Strong                     |
| Stress Level              | Can be high (incident-driven)  | Moderate                      | Moderate                     | Moderate                   |

---

### **Additional Notes**

- **Overlap with Embedded Systems and Robotics:** Cybersecurity is becoming critical for embedded and IoT systems and robotic platforms. Securing these connected devices is a growing niche.
- **Leverage Your CS Background:** Your programming and systems knowledge will be very valuable.
- **Certifications Help:** Industry-recognized certifications (CISSP, CEH, CompTIA Security+, OSCP) can boost your credibility.

---

### **Summary**

- Cybersecurity offers **strong job stability, high demand**, and **good salary potential** across numerous industries.  
- It involves **defensive and offensive techniques** to protect systems, often requiring up-to-date knowledge of threats and technologies.  
- If you enjoy **problem solving, systems thinking, and security challenges**, it’s an excellent field to pursue alongside or instead of robotics/applied math/embedded systems.  
- It can also be a strategic complement if you want to work in the **security of robotic systems or embedded devices**.

---

### Would you like help with:

- Entry paths and skills for cybersecurity beginners with a CS background?  
- Certifications and courses that employers value?  
- Career trajectories and salary expectations?  
- How to combine cybersecurity with robotics/embedded systems?

Feel free to ask!
User: of all these, which is likely to have the most high paying jobs with the most flexbile working conditions
Assistant: Great question! When balancing **high-paying jobs** with **flexible working conditions** across **robotics, applied mathematics, embedded systems, and cybersecurity**, here’s an informed comparison based on current industry trends, salaries, and work culture (as of 2024):

---

### **1. Cybersecurity**  
- **Salary:** Generally very high, especially for experienced professionals and those with certifications (e.g., CISSP, OSCP). Mid to senior roles often exceed six figures in USD.  
- **Work Flexibility:** Very flexible. Many cybersecurity jobs offer remote work, flexible hours, and contract/freelance opportunities. Security analysts, penetration testers, and consultants frequently work remotely or on flexible schedules.  
- **Job Market:** Massive and growing due to expanding cyber threats worldwide. High demand across sectors (finance, tech, healthcare, government).  
- **Summary:** Cybersecurity leads in high pay + flexibility ratio. It’s often considered one of the best fields for remote and contract work with lucrative compensation.

---

### **2. Applied Mathematics (including Data Science/Quant Roles)**  
- **Salary:** Very competitive, especially in finance, tech, and consulting. Quant analysts in finance and data scientists in tech companies often earn six-figure salaries.  
- **Work Flexibility:** Generally flexible office hours with increasing remote work options. Many roles allow freelance/consulting, though less so than cybersecurity.  
- **Job Market:** Strongly growing due to demand in analytics, AI, and quantitative finance. Very broad applicability.  
- **Summary:** Applied math-based professions offer very good pay and often flexible work, especially in tech and finance sectors.

---

### **3. Robotics**  
- **Salary:** Good, but slightly lower on average compared to cybersecurity and quant roles, although senior robotics engineers and managers can earn high incomes.  
- **Work Flexibility:** More limited. Robotics often requires lab or on-site presence to work with hardware, testing, and integration, though software-heavy roles and AI-related positions can offer remote options.  
- **Job Market:** Growing rapidly with automation, autonomous vehicles, drones, healthcare robotics, but somewhat niche and usually tied to major industrial/tech hubs.  
- **Summary:** Strong growth and innovation, but less flexible due to hardware involvement — good pay but moderate flexibility.

---

### **4. Embedded Systems**  
- **Salary:** Competitive, similar to robotics, often slightly less than cybersecurity and quantitative fields but well-compensated in automotive, aerospace, and IoT sectors.  
- **Work Flexibility:** Moderate. Typically requires hardware lab access and collaboration, which reduces remote options, but hybrid roles are emerging.  
- **Job Market:** Steady demand due to IoT, automotive electronics, consumer devices, industrial automation.  
- **Summary:** Stable and well-paid but generally less flexible due to hardware constraints.

---

### **Overall Ranking (High Pay + Flexible Work)**

| Rank | Field             | Pay Potential | Flexibility | Notes                                |
|-------|-------------------|---------------|-------------|------------------------------------|
| 1     | Cybersecurity     | Very High     | Very High   | Best for remote and freelance work |
| 2     | Applied Mathematics (Data Science/Quant) | High          | High        | Strong in finance & tech           |
| 3     | Robotics          | Good          | Moderate    | More on-site/hardware involvement |
| 4     | Embedded Systems  | Good          | Moderate-Low| Requires lab/hardware access       |

---

### Additional Considerations

- **Career Growth**: Cybersecurity and data-related applied math roles are expanding fastest and often have clearer paths to senior/executive levels with very high salaries.  
- **Work-Life Balance**: Cybersecurity can sometimes be stressful during incident responses, but many roles have standard hours. Applied math/data science roles usually have good balance. Robotics/embedded systems sometimes involve strict deadlines and hands-on work.  
- **Combining Fields**: Cybersecurity in embedded systems or robotics (secure IoT, secure autonomous vehicles) can be a niche with very strong demand and salary potential.

---

### Final Thought  
**If your top priorities are the highest pay combined with the most flexible working conditions, cybersecurity is likely your best bet, followed closely by applied mathematics roles (especially data science or quant finance).** Robotics and embedded systems remain strong technical fields but less flexible due to hardware dependencies.

---

If you'd like, I can also suggest learning paths, certifications, or specific job titles and companies to target in these fields!
User: which is the hardest to be competitive in
Assistant: Great question! The **competitiveness** of a field depends on factors such as the number of applicants, the skill level required, how niche the field is, and the availability of jobs. Here's a comparative look at the four fields — **cybersecurity, applied mathematics, robotics, and embedded systems** — from a competitiveness perspective:

---

### 1. **Cybersecurity**

- **Competitiveness:** Moderately high  
- **Why?**  
  - Cybersecurity is booming, so demand is high, but so is interest, leading to increased competition at entry and mid-level roles.  
  - Employers increasingly seek candidates with hands-on experience, certifications (CISSP, CEH, OSCP), and deep understanding of complex attack/defense techniques.  
  - Career changers and bootcamp grads add to applicant volume, making competition tough for top roles.  
- **Barrier to Entry:** Requires ongoing learning and practical experience; certifications can help but often experience is key.  
- **Summary:** Competitive but with many entry points; very active job market keeps opportunities plentiful.

---

### 2. **Applied Mathematics**

- **Competitiveness:** High to very high (especially in certain sectors)  
- **Why?**  
  - Roles in quantitative finance, data science, and advanced analytics often attract highly qualified candidates with strong math, CS, and domain knowledge.  
  - Many applicants have advanced degrees (Master’s or PhD) and strong programming skills.  
  - Employers often look for demonstrated abilities in problem-solving, algorithm design, and domain knowledge.  
- **Barrier to Entry:** High education often required; strong portfolio and hands-on experience needed.  
- **Summary:** Highly competitive, especially in finance and tech hubs, due to high salaries and prestige.

---

### 3. **Robotics**

- **Competitiveness:** High  
- **Why?**  
  - Robotics combines diverse skill sets (mechanical, electrical, CS), which can limit the size of the qualified candidate pool but also raises the bar for skills.  
  - Jobs in robotics are fewer and more specialized compared to software roles, creating intense competition for quality positions.  
  - Hands-on experience, internships, project work, and multidisciplinary knowledge are critical.  
- **Barrier to Entry:** High due to multidisciplinary skill requirements and fewer job openings.  
- **Summary:** Competitive and niche; work experience and projects are vital to stand out.

---

### 4. **Embedded Systems**

- **Competitiveness:** Moderate to high  
- **Why?**  
  - Requires proficiency in low-level programming, understanding hardware-software interaction, which limits the candidate pool.  
  - Many roles may prefer candidates with relevant engineering background or experience on specific platforms.  
  - Demand is steady, but the candidate pool includes many from both CS and EE disciplines.  
- **Barrier to Entry:** Moderate; building a strong portfolio on projects or internships helps significantly.  
- **Summary:** Competitive but less saturated than software-only roles; niche skills create moderate barriers.

---

### **Overall Ranking (Hardest to Most Competitive)**

| Rank | Field               | Competitiveness Notes                                 |
|-------|---------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
| 1     | Applied Mathematics  | Highest barrier due to education, skill depth, & prestige jobs |
| 2     | Robotics            | High due to multidisciplinary skillset and limited jobs |
| 3     | Cybersecurity       | Moderate to high; many newcomers but growing market  |
| 4     | Embedded Systems    | Moderate; niche skills limit candidate volume        |

---

### Additional Tips to Stay Competitive

- **Cybersecurity:** Gain certifications, build practical labs, contribute to open-source security projects, and consider internships or bug bounties.  
- **Applied Math:** Pursue advanced degrees, develop a portfolio of modeling/data projects, and acquire strong programming and domain-specific knowledge.  
- **Robotics:** Focus on hands-on projects, internships, and interdisciplinary coursework. Show experience with relevant frameworks (ROS, MATLAB, CAD).  
- **Embedded Systems:** Build projects with microcontrollers, contribute to firmware development, understand hardware well; internships are key.

---

### Summary

- **Applied Mathematics** and **Robotics** are generally the most competitive due to education levels and niche expertise.  
- **Cybersecurity** is competitive but has varied entry paths and many rapidly growing opportunities.  
- **Embedded Systems** is moderately competitive with specialized skills but somewhat smaller applicant pools.

If you want, I can help you create a targeted strategy to build skills and credentials to be highly competitive in any of these fields!
User: I would leave school with at least a masters for context
Assistant: