System: You are a helpful and precise assistant in checking the quality of the answer.
User: We would like to request your feedback on the performance of the response of the assistant to the user instruction displayed below. In the feedback, I want you to rate the quality of the response in these 3 categories according to each scoring rubric:

Completeness: Does the response provide a sufficient explanation? Comprehensiveness and thoroughness of the response should be considered, which depends on the breadth of topics covered and the level of detail provided within each topic.
Score 1: The response doesn't include any specifics or examples to support the statements made.
Score 2: The response does not provide sufficient details or supportive examples, requiring a major effort to make the response more complete.
Score 3: It is a decent response, but the breadth and depth of the response are rather limited. The details and examples used to substantiate the response may be insufficient.
Score 4: The response provides detailed explanations, but there is room for enhancement. The response could be further improved by including more details and supportive examples.
Score 5: The response fully provides comprehensive explanations. It delves deep into the topic, providing as much detail as possible, and it offers several examples to back up its points.
Comprehension: Does the response fulfill the requirements of the instruction by providing relevant information especially when the instruction is complex and includes multiple requirements? This includes responding in accordance with the explicit and implicit purpose of given instruction.
Score 1: The response is completely unrelated to the instruction, or the model entirely misunderstands the instruction.
Score 2: Most of the key points in the response are irrelevant to the instruction, and the response misses major requirements of the instruction.
Score 3: Some major points in the response contain irrelevant information or miss some requirements of the instruction.
Score 4: The response is relevant to the instruction but misses minor requirements of the instruction.
Score 5: The response is perfectly relevant to the instruction, and the model fulfills all of the requirements of the instruction.
Readability: Is the response structured to promote readability and coherence? Does the response exhibit excellent organization?
Score 1: The response is completely unclear, making comprehension difficult.
Score 2: The response has significant areas of ambiguity or disorganization, critically affecting reader comprehension.
Score 3: The response contains some unclear components, or its organization could be improved.
Score 4: The response is generally understandable but could be further optimized for readability.
Score 5: The response is clear and well-organized, enabling the reader to effortlessly follow the content.
[Instruction]
How can you improve your paper writing in academic style by using effective transitions and signposts? What are the functions and types of transitions and signposts in academic writing? How can you use them to connect your ideas and guide your reader? An example of a paragraph that lacks transitions and signposts is:

The main cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and warm up the Earth’s surface. Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas. It is produced by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. The more fossil fuels we burn, the more carbon dioxide we emit.
You need to polish the paragraph.

[Ground truth Answer]
Improving your paper writing in academic style can be achieved through the use of effective transitions and signposts. These are essential tools in academic writing that help connect your ideas and guide your reader through your text.

Transitions are words or phrases that show the relationship between ideas, sentences, and paragraphs. They help maintain the logical flow of your text, and without them, your writing may appear disjointed and unclear. The functions of transitions include indicating addition, contrast, comparison, example, cause and effect, and conclusion.

Signposts, on the other hand, are words or phrases that guide your reader through your text. They can help your reader to navigate your argument and understand the structure and organization of your paper. Signposts typically signal the purpose of a paragraph, summarize the main point, or indicate a change in topic or direction.

To use transitions and signposts effectively, you need to incorporate them into your writing to create connections and ensure your ideas flow smoothly. This can be achieved by considering the logical relationship between your ideas and choosing appropriate transitions to illustrate that relationship.

Here is the revised paragraph with transitions and signposts added:

The primary cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect. As a result, greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and consequently warm up the Earth’s surface. Among these, carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas. Notably, it is produced by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. Therefore, the more fossil fuels we burn, the more carbon dioxide we emit, intensifying the greenhouse effect and global warming.

[Assistant's Response]
Improving your academic writing involves the strategic use of transitions and signposts, which play a critical role in enhancing the clarity, coherence, and overall flow of your paper. Here’s a comprehensive overview of their functions, types, and practical application, along with a polished example of a paragraph that demonstrates effective use of these elements.

### Functions of Transitions and Signposts

1. **Clarifying Relationships**: They elucidate how ideas relate to one another, whether they are similar, contrasting, or sequential.
2. **Guiding the Reader**: They help navigate the reader through the text, making it easier to follow the argument or narrative.
3. **Enhancing Cohesion**: They improve the overall cohesion of the writing by linking sentences and paragraphs smoothly.
4. **Emphasizing Points**: They can highlight critical points, drawing attention to significant findings or arguments.

### Types of Transitions and Signposts

1. **Additive Transitions**: Words like "furthermore," "in addition," and "also" that add information.
2. **Contrastive Transitions**: Terms such as "however," "on the other hand," and "nevertheless" that indicate contrast or exception.
3. **Causal Transitions**: Phrases like "therefore," "as a result," and "because" that show cause-and-effect relationships.
4. **Sequential Transitions**: Words such as "first," "next," "finally," and "subsequently" that indicate the order of ideas.
5. **Summative Transitions**: Phrases like "in conclusion," "to summarize," and "overall" that wrap up discussions.

### Using Transitions and Signposts to Connect Ideas

To effectively connect your ideas and guide your reader:

- **Position Transitions Strategically**: Place transitions at the beginning of sentences or paragraphs to signal relationships.
- **Vary Your Transitions**: Use a mix of transitions to maintain reader interest and avoid monotony.
- **Ensure Contextual Relevance**: Make sure the transitions accurately reflect the relationships between ideas.

### Polished Paragraph Example

**Original Paragraph**:  
The main cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and warm up the Earth’s surface. Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas. It is produced by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. The more fossil fuels we burn, the more carbon dioxide we emit.

**Polished Paragraph**:  
The primary cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect. **Specifically,** greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, **which subsequently** warms the Earth’s surface. **Among these gases,** carbon dioxide is the most significant contributor. **This is primarily because** it is produced from burning fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas. **Consequently,** the more fossil fuels we burn, the more carbon dioxide we emit, **thereby exacerbating** the greenhouse effect and accelerating global warming.

### Explanation of Improvements

- **Transitions Added**: Terms like "specifically," "which subsequently," "among these gases," "this is primarily because," "consequently," and "thereby exacerbating" clarify relationships and enhance the flow.
- **Cohesion Enhanced**: The revised paragraph connects ideas more smoothly, making it easier for the reader to follow the argument.
- **Clarity Improved**: By explicitly stating the relationships between ideas, the paragraph becomes clearer and more compelling.

Incorporating effective transitions and signposts can significantly elevate the clarity and cohesiveness of your academic writing, ultimately guiding your reader through your arguments with greater ease.

[The End of Assistant's Response]

Please give feedback on the assistant's responses. Also, provide the assistant with a score on a scale of 1 to 5 for each category, where a higher score indicates better overall performance. Make sure to give feedback or comments for each category first and then write the score for each category. Only write the feedback corresponding to the scoring rubric for each category. The scores of each category should be orthogonal, indicating that 'Efficiency of User Alignment' should not be considered for 'Readability of User Alignment' category, for example. 

Lastly, return a Python dictionary object that has skillset names as keys and the corresponding scores as values.

[System]



Assistant: