summarise these  paragraph :In the present study, 18 specimens of RPW were collected from three governorates in the Makkah region, namely Jeddah, Makkah, and Taif. Insects were morphologically characterized based on exoskeleton structure according  to  the Wattanapongsiri  (1966). We claim that all collected samples phenotypically belong to Rhyn- chophorus ferrugineus as species identification using bold system showed 100% sequence similarity. Then, we approached to investi- gate RPW at a molecular level as recently described (Mujahid et al., 2018). Based on the quality of isolated DNA, the number of samples was narrowed to nine. These samples were given codes W1, W2, and W3 for those collected from Jeddah  governorate,  W5,  W7, and W9 for those collected from Makkah governorate, while W12, W13, and W14 for samples collected from Taif governorate (Fig. 1 and Table 1). PCR to amplify the COI gene successfully generated the correct amplicon size (619 nt) (Fig. 2). Amplicons were shipped for sequencing as previously indicated and the generated molecular data (Fig. S1) was submitted to NCBI to receive accession numbers. Results of the multiple DNA sequence alignment indicated that the nine RPW samples fall within two haplotypes (Fig. 3). One of these haplotypes (e.g., W7) exists in Makkah, while the other hap- lotype exists in the three governorates of Makkah region referring to the other eight samples (W1, W2, W3, W5, W9, W12, W13, and W14). Therefore, we decided to use the term W2 in further analysis referring to the second haplotype. Through the recent study con- ducted by Sukirno group, DNA barcodes of the RPW haplotypes in Saudi Arabia were generated (Sukirno  et  al., 2018a,b; 2020), but the authors did not cover Makkah region. Bioinformatics anal- ysis of Sukirno’s haplotypes indicated that the submitted sequenc- ing data to the gene bank was not processed, which explains the existence of large variations in the generated haplotypes. There- fore, we decided to use a consensus COI gene sequence detected in the present study (namely S1, Fig. S2) for studying haplotypes growing in Saudi Arabia (Fig. 1). Then, we had to search COI gene sequences of other earlier studies in the region that complement those recovered from the present study. We recognized one suc- cessful study in generating RPW haplotypes in Saudi Arabia as well as in other African and Asian countries. This study was done by El- Mergawy’s group (El-Mergawy et al. 2011) who detected COI gene sequences for a number of several haplotypes (namely H1, H3-H6, and H8) existing in the MENA region (Fig. S2). Of which, the H8 haplotype was collected from Al-Ahsa  (The  eastern  region  of KSA) and described by El-Mergawy et al. (2011) as the interna-
tional COI haplotype of RPW.
Barcodes (Fig. 4) and multiple DNA sequence alignment (Fig. 5) of the COI gene fragment of the RPW haplotypes collected from Makkah region (e.g., W2 and W7), as well as those of Sukirno        et al. (2020) (e.g., S1) and El-Mergawy et al. (2011) (e.g., H1, H3- H6, and H8), indicated that fragment sizes are  619, 618 and 545  nt, respectively. Trimming of non-common DNA sequences of these haplotypes resulted in the recovery of a common DNA sequence of 399 nt. This common region of COI gene fragment in the nine hap- lotypes was used in generating the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 6). The results indicated the occurrence of two main clusters. The first clus- ter involves haplotypes W2, W7, S1, and H8, while the second main cluster involves the rest of the haplotypes. The first main cluster also indicates a close relationship between W2 and S1 haplotypes, on one hand, and W7 and H8, on the other hand. The second main cluster indicates that H7 is the most genetically distant among all the nine haplotypes. Also, haplotypes H2 and H6 fell in a separate subcluster (Fig. 6). Overall, we concluded that the international