kindly make codes, themes, subthemes, categories of the following interview.Prof: Rukhsana Majeed QIMS Balochistan
Let me start with you. I appreciate your willingness to participate in this research titled conflict management attitude of basic sciences medical teachers. My name is <PRESIDIO_ANONYMIZED_PERSON>. And I am conducting this interview as a part of my research on the attitudes of basic sciences medical teacher towards conflict management. The interview will be recorded for analysis purposes and I assure you that all your responses will remain confidential. 
Okay, first of all, tell me your name, experience and designation in medical education.

Speaker 2  0:41  
Well, my name is <PRESIDIO_ANONYMIZED_PERSON>. I'm professor of community medicine and head of the department and I have been teaching this subject for the last 30 years.

Speaker 1  0:55  
Okay. What kind of technology and innovative teaching strategies have you incorporated in your teaching practices

Speaker 2  1:07  
innovative technologies that we have adopted in our teaching methodology. Number one, we do conduct small group discussions in different forms. Sometimes we do see, sometimes we do TBLS and sometimes flipped classroom method. And the other method since COVID-19 We have been practicing is Google Classroom. This is an innovative strategy and we upload our lectures, either before the class or after the class so that the reading material is available to the students all the time, sometimes before the class, if you want to conduct Flipped Classroom methodology, then we upload before the class but flipped classroom technology is not fully in, you know, working way. Because for that purpose, we have to have a small group and space for that special group. And the biggest constraint for these methodologies and technologies is the availability of the space Like when we do tbls and CBS so it is very difficult for us to manage the space for these things

Speaker 1  2:52  
In your view, how the integration of technology and innovative teaching strategies influenced the field of medical education, I mean that can you tell me the benefit and challenges Yes, you have encountered after these changes?

Speaker 2  3:06  
Yes. The positive effect on the students is that they understand the subject or the topic in a better way, okay. And it also adds to their confidence. And it also adds to their communication skills, when they discuss the topic with the teacher. And there is two way interaction between the teacher and the students. Even our lecture is interactive lecture. It's not a pure lecture, or traditional lecture, it's an internet interactive lecture negative effect or you can say the constraints of challenges. I have already mentioned that it's just the variability of the space because all the medical colleges were built way back in you know 70s 60s Some are so old like  Nishter, Dow Medical Colleges. So old century old Institute, there the space for small group discussions is not at all available, okay. Arrange for these spaces, it requires a lot of resources, some colleges have arranged and some are in the process of arranging and some are trying to, you know, modify or trying to use the available space by arranging or by changing the timetable so that the bigger areas are available for the small group discussion. This is the biggest challenge availability of the space.


I am in  Baluchistan  in balochistan you know there are two types of colleges, in public sector  we have four medical colleges, and in  private sector there is only one private medical college that is under the administration of Army Medical Corps. Right. Okay,  right now i am serving in the private medical college the one which is under army control. So in this college there is no problem of resources and its newly made so everything is available accessibility to net and accessibility to all these innovative technologies audio visual aids PowerPoint and all that is easy but as for as the public sector medical colleges are concerned their all these resources are not available. if any individual wants to integrate technology so they have their personal equipment as i have served in BMC, there in BMC there was even nonavailability of overhead projectors some times the projector is not working, the person in charge was not available or was absent, even internet is not available over there, there were many problems related to use of technology.

Speaker 1  7:11  
Can you describe any instances of conflict or tension that have arisen from the implementation of new technologies or teaching strategies? Could you share your feelings and attitudes when these conflicts arose? 

Speaker 2  8:08  
no, i have not faced any problem, I'm equally comfortable with chalk and Blackboard as well as audio-visual aids but personally what I feel is that the old traditional use of chalk & board was better.in this audio-visual aids system I have not faced any problem however it is better for us in this regard that the points are written in our presentation, so at the end we are sure that everything is discussed & taught. but from the student's point of view, even some students raised this complaint that when you used chalk & board it is easy for us to understand & grasp the concept easily. while in a PowerPoint presentation, we are confused about what to see & what to listen.
  
How effective do you believe your conflict management strategies have been in resolving these conflicts? 
  
 Are there specific strategies that have worked better than others? If so, could you explain? 

student are comfortable with both audio-visual aids & chalk & board. only few students have complained about audio-visual aids other wise rest of them comfortable with it. by using this PowerPoint presentation there is negative point in my opinion is this that students only note the few points which are written on the slides of our presentation and then other points are neglected by them which are also important. because in the presentation we only write a few points, other details we explain verbally, which are skipped by the students. on the side of students, the standard is getting low day by day. due to this problem. the level of students is also a contributing factor.
In PowerPoint presentation students are conscious about the presentation and sometime after the lecture they ask the teacher to give them their presentation but in this way they actually miss the main concept the slides are only having few key points the main thing is thought in the class verbally which they miss in this thing even when some students start writing during the class they are writing and actually missing the main points which are taught verbally to them Due to this the standard of the students learning is getting down day by day in my opinion This may also be a contributing factor

Have you sought or received any formal training or resources such as use of google classroom or generating zoom link  to help manage these conflicts? 
How effective do you believe your conflict management strategies have been in resolving these conflicts? 
Could you explain further? 
Are there specific strategies that have worked better than others? If so, could you explain?


We have learned Google Classroom from COVID-19. Similarly the use of zoom and how to create its link was also learned by us due to online classes. Which we have taken in COVID-19 era. As for as this small group and other teaching strategies are concerned thses are learned by teacing staff due to certificate coarse in medical education. Which is done by approximately every staff member of our medical college. In public medical colleges, there is no such learning as they are always complaining of unavailability of funds.  Now it is also compulsory for promotion of faculty members. When pmdc was working so they have made mandatory for each and every faculty member to do certification health professionals education I have done this in 2005 but now many faculty members are doing and every University is conducting their own certificate course for health professionals education due to which these learning and teaching strategies are getting common in among the faculty members

based on your experiences what recommendation would you give for improving the conflict management in the context of technology use and innovative teaching strategies in medical education?
 it's important recommendation for giving a proper training teachers up to a professor level I have done this certificate course in 2005 and when I used to tell these in my college all faculty members start fighting with me that what are you telling about and do you think that our professors and teachers were wrong and you are telling these new Strategies and new styles and which are very different thing Only physical abuse was not done otherwise they for they used to fight with me on every aspect As far as my personal development is concerned this course benefited me a lot but I in my suggestion this course should be done by every person every faculty member because  professors of my age group they are they are moving through transition phase Because whole life they have done transition traditional method and now the medical education has changed the all of these teaching strategies like small group discussions interactive lecturing and different ways of assessment blueprints  all those faculty members are convinced but they are confused in their own mind
In our setup there is a big problem of ego in Bolan Medical College there was one professor who was near retirement so he said that what is this joke medical education We have spent our own life in medical education and now this medical education will teach us that how to teach and what to do This was said by professor of medicine who has only one year left for retirement and he said that medical education is just for maintaining the attendance of the students they should not tell us that how to teach and what to teach This is a bad mentality but now there are few examples of these type majority of people are now convinced but with convincing they are also confused that what to do So there is lack of proper training and this certificate course should be done by the faculty members and it is the responsibility of Medical College in every government or public sector Medical College there is a special budget which is given to them for the staff development So it is a duty of the college to arrange this certificate course for their faculty member so in this way they will learn medical education and all the new technology advancement and teaching strategies will be taught to them in this 
I have heard that bolan medical college has purchased curriculum modular system curriculum from the khyber Medical University so I think that public sector medical colleges will also improve now
 yes I have also heard that they have purchase but there is a lot of difference between implementation and purchasing curriculum can be bought but implement is something else. even Medical University has given them a certificate course in her professionals education which was the third less program because Era students were in a class and their having only 4 days face to face session two times and 6 month When we were having our contact session of chpe which was held by KMU so the faculty get frustrated because they start at 8 and that 5, although there were tea brakes lunch, breaks it was so much comprehensive session but as I have seen in Bolan Medical College that they were only having four hours classes for chpe so in 4 hours I think there is very less quality of this certificate course. Our college has just started the modular system and it is their first year of this modular system and integrated system
 yes I have seen that there is a lot of difference in your medical college from my prior interviews there is no resistance to change in your medical college.
  I think that your faculty is very much Cooperative in this technology and advancement and you are currently working I guess
 
 no I think that you are wrong there is very much resistance in our faculty I don't know if they have told you this thing in your in their interviews or not even in Bolan Medical College when I was there we started the modular system in late 90’s there was so much resistance over there that after implementation of the modular system one year later Dave switch again to conventional system and the year of the student was wasted.

Thank you for your time and contribution to this research. Your experiences and insights will significantly enhance our understanding of conflict management attitudes among Basic Sciences Medical Teachers.