You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


Photo: Zenith International Films

This article is regularly updated as films leave and enter the Criterion Channel.

To the relief of cinephiles still suffering from withdrawal after FilmStruck’s untimely demise last year, the Criterion Channel is alive and well, meaning the majority of the Criterion Collection’s catalogue of classic art-house cinema (over 1,000 films) is now available for streaming. But where should you start? In the interest of relative brevity, we chose one masterpiece each from 50 illustrious directors. And then, to encourage completists, we listed all the other films by each director that are also on the channel. Consider these as starting points, cinematic gateway drugs to the work of the most important filmmakers of all time. You could get lost for days.

The 400 Blows (François Truffaut)

With Truffaut, why not start at the beginning? This 1959 drama is the French New Wave master’s feature debut and arguably his most personal film, based as it is on his childhood. One of the most interesting things about the Criterion version is the archival material included: excerpts from interviews with Truffaut from the ‘60s, newsreel footage of a screening of the film, and audition footage of its stars.

More Truffaut on the Criterion Channel: Antoine and Colette, Bed and Board, Confidentially Yours, Day for Night, Jules and Jim, The Last Metro, Les mistons, Love on the Run, Mississippi Mermaid, Shoot the Piano Player, The Soft Skin, Stolen Kisses, Two English Girls, Une histoire d’eau, The Woman Next Door.

Ali: Fear Eats the Soul (Rainer Werner Fassbinder)

In remaking Douglas Sirk’s All That Heaven Allows (available on Criterion Blu-ray, but not on the channel; no Sirk movie is on the service yet), Fassbinder came up with something entirely his own. His most accessible film, Ali is a moving masterpiece about a widow (Brigitte Mira) who falls in love with a young Arab man (El Hedi ben Salem). Fassbinder takes the structure of Sirk’s melodrama and expands on it to comment on the racism simmering under the surface of West Germany in the ‘70s. His delicate framing and work with character are on perfect display here in a film that doesn’t subvert the emotion of the source material so much as repurpose it with more anger and poignancy.

More Fassbinder on the Criterion Channel: The American Soldier, Berlin Alexanderplatz, Beware of a Holy Whore, The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant, Effi Briest, Chinese Roulette, Eight Hours Don’t Make a Day, Fear of Fear, Fox and His Friends, Gods of the Plague, Katzelmacher, Lola, Love Is Colder Than Death, The Marriage of Maria Braun, The Merchant of Four Seasons, Mother Kusters Goes to Heaven, Querelle, Satan’s Brew, Veronika Voss, World on a Wire.

The Apu Trilogy (Satyajit Ray)

There was a time when it seemed possible that three of the most important films of all time would never be seen in a quality format again. The original negatives were burned in an infamous 1993 fire in the Henderson’s film lab in South London. Criterion sought for years to reconstruct the films and eventually released their 4K restorations in 2015. This is a trilogy in which each film more than stands on its own, and yet they become something transcendent when viewed together. Panther Panchali, Aparajito, and Apur Sansar are perfect examples of Roger Ebert’s belief that great films are empathy machines, ways to experience lives and perspectives we otherwise could not.

More Ray on the Criterion Channel: The Big City, Charulata, The Coward, Devi, The Elephant God, An Enemy of the People, The Hero, The Holy Man, The Home and the World, The Music Room, Rabindranath Tagore, The Stranger, Three Daughters.

Bicycle Thieves (Vittorio de Sica)

Watch

Show us someone who has taken a film-theory class and we’ll show you someone who has probably seen Bicycle Thieves. It’s been de rigueur for decades for a reason, serving as a portal to discussions of framing, perspective, and tone for generations. One of the most beloved films of all time, De Sica’s 1948 Oscar winner tells the simple story of a hardworking man whose bicycle is stolen, but it does so in such a simple, effective way that it effectively rewrote the rules of film grammar.

More De Sica on the Criterion Channel: The Children Are Watching Us, Umberto D.

Belle de Jour (Luis Buñuel)

There are several films starring Catherine Deneuve in the Criterion Collection, but this is one of her most iconic roles, and a good starting point for investigating the career of a filmmaker who can be a little daunting. Deneuve plays an ordinary French housewife who ends up working in a bordello in this stylish commentary on class and sexuality, one of Buñuel’s biggest hits upon its release in 1967.

More Buñuel on the Criterion Channel: L’age d’or, Death in the Garden, Diary of a Chambermaid, The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie, The Exterminating Angel, The Milky Way, That Obscure Object of Desire, The Phantom of Liberty, Robinson Crusoe, Simon of the Desert, Tristana, Viridiana.

Breaking the Waves (Lars von Trier)

Cinema’s enfant terrible broke through on an international level with this 1996 stunner about a newlywed in a Scottish village whose life is upended after her husband is paralyzed. Watching it now, after all the stories of Von Trier’s aggressive on-set behavior and after absorbing all the seeming misogyny in many of his subsequent films, is different from first seeing it in 1996, but his films remain worthy of dissection and discussion. And no one can deny the power of Emily Watson’s work here, which netted her an Oscar nomination for Best Actress. (She should have won.)

More Von Trier on the Criterion Channel: Antichrist, The Element of Crime, Europa.

Breathless (Jean-Luc Godard)

It’s difficult to top the opening sentence of Criterion’s own description: “There was before Breathless, and there was after Breathless.” Indeed, the DNA of Godard’s 1960 international smash hit is in not only the French New Wave that would follow but so many of the critically beloved films of the ‘60s and ‘70s as well. The narrative doesn’t really matter here; it’s the tone that Godard strikes, one that’s constantly aware of itself as an object of art, fashion, and sexuality. Godard injected art cinema with a playfulness it hadn’t really seen before, opening the eyes of hundreds of filmmakers.

More Godard on the Criterion Channel: All the Boys Are Called Patrick, Alphaville, Band of Outsiders, Charlotte et son Jules, La chinoise, Contempt, Every Man for Himself, Film socialisme, Goodbye to Language, Hail Mary, The Image Book, Le petit soldat, Letter to Jane, Made in U.S.A., A Married Woman, Masculin féminin, Pierrot le fou, Tout va bien, Une histoire d’eau, Vivre sa vie, Weekend, A Woman is a Woman.

Brief Encounter (David Lean)

Sir David Lean will always have a bust in the film hall of fame for the way he redefined epic filmmaking in works like Doctor Zhivago and Lawrence of Arabia in the ‘60s. Long before that, however, he made several more intimate films with Noël Coward, the best of which is the heartbreaking Brief Encounter from 1945. Based on Coward’s play Still Life, it recounts the story of a chance meeting in a train station of two strangers stuck in miserable marriages that they can’t leave. It would be hard to count how many films Brief Encounter has influenced over the years. See where so much of the romantic-drama foundation was poured.

More Lean on the Criterion Channel: Blithe Spirit, Great Expectations, Hobson’s Choice, In Which We Serve, Madeleine, Oliver Twist, The Passionate Friends, Summertime, This Happy Breed.

Certified Copy (Abbas Kiarostami)

Criterion is often accused of skewing a bit too much toward European and American cinema, but it has embraced one of Asia’s most essential modern filmmakers, Iran’s Abbas Kiarostami, with a nice sampler of his remarkable career. You can watch films spanning the entire breadth of his career, from an early work of the ‘80s all the way up to his last film, 2018’s 24 Frames. Certified Copy plays with perspective and form while never losing track of the two fascinating performers at its center. Juliette Binoche and William Shimell star as two people who at first seem to be getting to know each other, but then the movie turns in a way that makes us think they’ve known each other for quite some time. It’s a film that comments on the way relationships are presented onscreen without ever coming across as pretentious. It’s both intellectually and emotionally stimulating, and it’s one of the best films of the decade.

More Kiarostami on the Criterion Channel: 24 Frames, And Life Goes On, Close-up, Homework, Taste of Cherry, Through the Olive Trees, The Traveler, Where Is My Friend’s House?

Chimes at Midnight (Orson Welles)

Where does one start with Orson Welles? If you have access to his entire oeuvre, Citizen Kane is the logical opening salvo, but that – as well as some of the other more widely known classics – is not on the Criterion Channel. Instead, we have Chimes at Midnight, Welles’s 1965 riff on Sir John Falstaff. Largely dismissed upon its release, Chimes has developed a following over the years and was restored by Janus and Criterion in 2015 for a new generation to discover.

More Welles on the Criterion Channel: The Complete Mr. Arkadin, Confidential Report, F for Fake, The Immortal Story, Othello.

Cléo From 5 to 7 (Agnès Varda)

Watch

Varda recently passed away at 90, leaving even hard-core cinephiles wondering if they had seen enough of her influential work. How important is Varda to film history? Roger Ebert put it perfectly when he wrote about her relationship to the French New Wave in 2012: “Varda is its very soul, and only the fact that she is a woman, I fear, prevented her from being routinely included with Godard, Truffaut, Resnais, Chabrol, Rivette, Rohmer, and for that matter her husband Jacques Demy.” Cléo is probably her most popular and accessible film, blending documentary and fiction techniques as the director captures the texture of life for a woman in the Paris of the ’60s in a way that only she could.

More Varda on the Criterion Channel: Black Panthers, Le bonheur, Documenteur, Du cote de la cote, L’Opera mouffe, Les fiances du Pont Macdonald, La Pointe Courte, Lions Love (… and Lies), Murs murs, One Sings the Other Doesn’t, La pointe courte, Uncle Yanco, Vagabond, The World of Jacques Demy, The Young Girls Turn 25.

Clouds of Sils Maria (Olivier Assayas)

Hardly anyone would argue that Clouds of Sils Maria is Olivier Assayas’s best film, but it’s incredibly accessible, which makes it an easier place to start than, say, the 6.5-hour Carlos. Sils Maria stars Juliette Binoche as a famous actress being asked to reprise a role in the play that made her a star. However, whereas she was once in the ingénue role, she now must take the part of the older woman. As she rehearses with her assistant, wonderfully played by Kristen Stewart, who won the French equivalent of an Oscar for her work here, reality and fiction intertwine. Despite some third-act problems, this is a fascinating, haunting film, and a great way to sample how narratively daring Assayas can be.

More Assayas on the Criterion Channel: Carlos, Cold Water, Irma Vep, Summer Hours.

Cronos (Guillermo del Toro)

The only one of the three films from Criterion’s Blu-ray Del Toro box set available on the Criterion Channel – The Devil’s Backbone and Pan’s Labyrinth being the others – Cronos is the Oscar-winning director’s 1993 debut, a vampire film like only he could make. Federico Luppi plays an antiques dealer who finds a scarab that leads him into a nightmare. Del Toro’s brilliance in creating marvelous worlds with unforgettable effects is already on full display here.

Don’t Look Back (D.A. Pennebaker)

D.A. Pennebaker changed the way we look at music documentaries. Often cited as one of the best docs of all time, this particular Pennebaker movie from 1967 chronicles Bob Dylan’s concert tour from 1965, and really pulled back the curtain on the public image of a famous young man to reveal the true person underneath. It’s about access and Pennebaker finds a way in his films to be revealing without ever being manipulative. It also serves as a document of an incredibly important era in film and pop culture, capturing how Dylan tried to balance fame with his artistic side. How do we understand artists like Dylan, who was so important to an entire generation, while not losing sight of the kid trying to play his guitar? Pennebaker’s film somehow illuminates both his human side and what it was about him that made him so extraordinary.

More Pennebaker on the Criterion Channel: Baby, Daybreak Express, Monterey Pop, The War Room

The Double Life of Veronique (Krzysztof Kieslowski)

If you know the work of Krzysztof Kieslowski, it’s probably because you’ve seen his Three Colours Trilogy (Blue, White, and Red) and/or might have experienced his transcendent Dekalog, but it’s entirely possible this 1991 masterpiece slid under your radar. Correct that oversight. Irène Jacob stars both as a Polish singer and as her “double,” a French music teacher. Kieslowski’s use of lyrical, haunting visual imagery is breathtaking.

More Kieslowski on the Criterion Channel: Blind Chance, Camera Buff, Factory, Hospital, No End, Railway Station, The Scar, Seven Women of Different Ages, A Short Film About Killing, A Short Film About Love, Talking Heads, The Tram, The Three Colours Trilogy.

Eraserhead (David Lynch)

One of the most polarizing filmmakers of all time made an impact from his debut film, this surreal nightmare that was released in arthouses back in 1977 and was an instant hit in major cities. Directed, produced, and edited by Lynch, it stars Jack Nance as a man taking care of a deformed child in a nightmarish alternate reality. Lynch’s blend of mundane details heightened by dream logic was there from the very beginning. And it’s easy how Eraserhead influenced not just future Lynch projects like Twin Peaks and Blue Velvet but works of other independent filmmakers in the ‘80s and ‘90s. It’s as captivating now as when it was released because its unique style doesn’t marry it to the ‘70s. It would still be powerful if it came out today.

More David Lynch on The Criterion Channel: Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me and the short films The Alphabet, The Amputee, The Grandmother, Premonitions Following an Evil Deed, Six Men Getting Sick.

Faces (John Cassavetes)

There is a great Criterion box set of films by John Cassavetes that includes five of his masterpieces, including The Killing of a Chinese Bookie and his best, A Woman Under the Influence, but neither of those are available on The Criterion Channel as of this writing, so we’ll have to take what we can get. And Faces is a pretty great movie to ‘get.’ One of the filmmaker’s most successful films, Faces earned Cassavetes an Oscar nomination for Best Screenplay, and his stars Lynn Carlin and Seymour Cassel were nominated as well. Like so many of his films, it’s a character study, the story of a married couple (John Marley and Carlin) in the final days of their union. Smart, empathetic, and unforgettable – it may lead you to want to go and buy that box set while you still can.

More Cassavetes on the Criterion Channel: Shadows

Fish Tank (Andrea Arnold)

Andrea Arnold is one of the best female directors working today, and her success early in her career led to raves for American Honey and her being tapped to direct the second season of Big Little Lies. If you’re wondering what all the fuss is about, start here with a stunning coming-of-age drama about a young woman figuring out her identity and sexuality in a working class community and under the gaze of her mother’s new boyfriend, played unforgettably by Michael Fassbender. Arnold’s early films are gritty and genuine in ways that films rarely are, and this was her major breakthrough, earning her a Jury Prize at Cannes and rave reviews.

More Arnold on the Criterion Channel: Red Road, Wuthering Heights, and the short films Wasp, Milk, and Dog.

The Gold Rush (Charles Chaplin)

Anyone who says they don’t like silent films hasn’t watched enough Charlie Chaplin. Silent comedies are often parodied as mere exercises in physical humor – and that element is certainly a part of their charm – but Chaplin’s work transcended pratfalls and knowing looks to the camera. His best movies had more humanism and relatable emotion than the vast majority of the “talkies” that would follow. Perhaps the toughest part of being a Chaplin fan is picking one for newbies. No matter, they generally end up watching them all.

More Chaplin on the Criterion Channel: The Circus, City Lights, A Day’s Pleasure, A Dog’s Life, The Great Dictator, The Idle Class, The Immigrant, The Kid, A King in New York, Limelight, Modern Times, Monsieur Verdoux, Nice and Friendly, A Night in the Show, Pay Day, The Pilgrim, The Rink, Shoulder Arms, Sunnyside, A Woman of Paris.

Grey Gardens (Albert & David Maysles)

When David and Albert Maysles were filming the Beales, did they know they had a cult classic in the making? For years, this cinematic portrait of two unforgettable women – Big Edie and Little Edie Beale, cousins of Jackie Onassis – was a cult hit, but it’s gained prominence over the past decade or so and is now regarded as an all-time-great documentary. The Maysles (and co-directors Ellen Hovde and Muffie Meyer) capture the decline of opulence in a way that turns their realistic approach into a commentary on the end of an era. This is what Camelot becomes: co-dependent former socialites stuck in their routines in a crumbling mansion.

More Maysles on the Criterion Channel: Christo in Paris, Christo’s Valley Curtain, Gimme Shelter, Islands, Running Fence, Salesman

Hiroshima Mon Amour (Alain Resnais)

If you’re going to try to comprehend why the French New Wave mattered and gauge the impact it had on the filmmaking of other cultures, you need to know your Resnais, and this is his best film. Also his first, it stars Emmanuelle Riva and Eiji Okada as a French actress and a Japanese architect who have an affair amidst the ruins of Hiroshima. It earned an Oscar nomination for Best Screenplay.

More Resnais on the Criterion Channel: Le chant du styrène, Mon oncle d’Amérique, Muriel or the Time of the Return, Night and Fog.

Ikiru (Akira Kurosawa)

Watch

Even if Criterion had only a handful of Kurosawa films, it would still be difficult to choose between The Seven Samurai, Rashomon, and Ran, to name a few. So why Ikiru? Well, it’s an unqualified masterpiece, about a man with stomach cancer coming to terms with the end of his life. It’s hard to believe Kurosawa made it when he was just over 40.

More Kurosawa on the Criterion Channel: Too many to list.

In the Mood for Love (Wong Kar-wai)

Movies don’t get more hypnotic than this, a story of love and longing set in Hong Kong in 1962. Gorgeously shot by cinematographers Christopher Doyle and Mark Lee Ping-bin, In the Mood for Love also features career-defining performances by Tony Leung Chiu-wai and Maggie Cheung Man-yuk. The two play neighbors who develop an attraction to one another in a way that feels both deeply cinematic and completely human.

More Wong on the Criterion Channel: Chungking Express, Fallen Angels, Happy Together, Hua yang de nian hua.

Jeanne Dielman, 23, quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (Chantal Akerman)

Chantal Akerman’s work still hasn’t quite ascended to cinema’s Valhalla, but cinephiles know better. This 1975 examination of the gradual breakdown of the routines of an ordinary life turns everyday detail into something unforgettable, even transcendent. The Village Voice named it one of the 20 best films of the 20th century.

More Akerman on the Criterion Channel: Hotel Monterey, Je tu il elle, La chambre, Le rendez-vous d’Anna, News From Home, Saute ma ville.

L’Avventura (Michelangelo Antonioni)

There are only a few films that one can point to and say that they literally changed the language of filmmaking. One such is Antonioni’s L’Avventura from 1960, a movie that heralded the challenging, elliptical art-house works of the ‘60s and ‘70s. What if someone could just disappear off the face of the Earth? That’s what happens to a young woman on a yachting trip, but L’Avventura is no mere mystery movie. It’s more about disillusionment and disenchantment with society, themes he would continue to explore.

More Antonioni on the Criterion Channel: Le Amiche, Blow-up, Gente del Po, Identification of a Woman, L’Eclisse, La Notte, N.U., The Passenger, Red Desert.

La Promesse (Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne)

Though Criterion has released several great films by the Dardennes, only one is on the channel as of this writing. In 1996’s La promesse, a young man realizes that his father has been making money on the backs of undocumented workers. The Dardennes’ blend of realism and fancy is a marvel to behold.

More Dardenne on the Criterion Channel: The Kid with a Bike

La Strada (Federico Fellini)

As with several filmmakers on this list, picking a single Fellini feels almost cruel, but a good place to start is with the unforgettable visage of Giulietta Masina. She plays Gelsomina, a woman sold to a circus strongman, played by Anthony Quinn. La Strada marks Fellini’s transition from neorealism to a more lyrical style.

More Fellini on the Criterion Channel: 8½, Amarcord, And the Ship Sails On, I Vitelloni, Il Bidone, Juliet of the Spirits, Nights of Cabiria, Spirits of the Dead.

The Lady Vanishes (Alfred Hitchcock)

Hitch’s acknowledged classics – Psycho, Vertigo, Rear Window, etc. – are widely known and loved, but Criterion offers a nice selection of his earlier films. Why not start with 1938’s The Lady Vanishes, in which a spinster literally disappears into thin air? A wonderful genre blend, it nimbly incorporates elements of comedy into the mystery. An underrated great.

More Hitchcock on the Criterion Channel: The 39 Steps, Blackmail, Downhill, Foreign Correspondent, The Lodger, The Man Who Knew Too Much, Sabotage, Young and Innocent.

The Long Day Closes (Terence Davies)

Terence Davies is often cited as Britain’s greatest living filmmaker, and this 1992 autobiographical work is his best film. Rather than simply chronicle what life was like in ‘50s Liverpool, Davies delivers a movie that plays out like a dreamlike memory. Moments from childhood rise to the surface and then fade back again, often with perfectly chosen music to accompany them. A beautiful, lyrical, deeply poetic piece of filmmaking.

More Davies on the Criterion Channel: Of Time and the City

M (Fritz Lang)

A perfectly calibrated suspense film about a serial killer, unforgettably played by Peter Lorre. Lang’s style and framing revolutionized cinematic language and influenced a century’s worth of films.

More Lang on the Criterion Channel: The Big Heat, Destiny, Dr. Mabuse the Gambler, Human Desire, Metropolis, Scarlet Street, The Testament of Dr. Mabuse.

Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (Paul Schrader)

Writer-director Paul Schrader is known for his films about men on the fringes of society (see: Taxi Driver and First Reformed), but this is arguably his most visually striking work, about a man who merged his life and art. Ken Ogata plays Yukio Mishima, who committed public seppuku in 1970 to protest what he saw as the decadence of Japanese postwar culture. Challenging traditional forms of cinematic storytelling, Mishima is a modern classic.

More Schrader on the Criterion Channel: Adam Resurrected, The Comfort of Strangers

Naked (Mike Leigh)

One of the best British filmmakers of all time, Mike Leigh makes films that feel real. They are windows into lives that seem genuine and three-dimensional. One of the reasons for this is the unique way he works, collaborating with actors in an improvisational workshop way to get a final product. The resulting career is one of the most acclaimed of his generation, including multiple award winners. One of his best is this David Thewlis drama from 1993, which landed Leigh a director prize at Cannes (and an acting one for Thewlis, who has never been better than he is here). It’s the story of Johnny, a tough-talking, verbose young man who careens his way through life, telling anyone who will listen his theories on life and the inequities of man. It’s a scathing, searing piece of work, and a great starting point to appreciate how smart Leigh’s films can be. Watch them all.

More Leigh on the Criterion Channel: Career Girls, High Hopes, Life is Sweet, Meantime, Naked, Secrets & Lies, The Short and Curlies

Odd Man Out (Carol Reed)

Carol Reed is one of cinema’s kings of light and shadow. He knew how to use them to enhance the mood of masterpieces like The Third Man and this 1947 thriller, in which James Mason plays a political conspirator on the run, hunted by police throughout Belfast. Soon the whole world starts to feel dangerous and unsettling.

More Reed on the Criterion Channel: Kid for Two Farthings.

The Other Side of Hope (Aki Kaurismäki)

Most of the films in this feature are debuts or early projects designed to get you into the work of their creator, but this is a late project from the Finnish master of the deadpan wit that works as a perfect entryway into a phenomenal career. Aki Kaurismäki has won awards around the world and regularly premieres his films at Cannes or Berlin, where this wonderful little dramedy debuted in 2017. It’s a story of a small town in which a Finnish businessman crosses paths with a Syrian refugee and it contains the director’s notable humanism and detail with character, as well as his bone-dry sense of humor. He has claimed this will be his last film. Let’s hope not.

More Aki Kaurismaki on The Criterion Channel: Ariel, La vie de boheme, Leningrad Cowboys Go America, Leningrad Cowboys Meet Moses, The Match Factory Girl, Shadows in Paradise

The Passion of Joan of Arc (Carl Th. Dreyer)

Carl Theodor Dreyer is one of the most important and influential filmmakers of all time. When people first make their way into the catalog of silent film history, they often start with the most accessible films of the comedians like Chaplin and Keaton, but they eventually find their way to Dreyer, a man who defined the visual medium of film in movies like Vampyr and this 1928 masterpiece about the trial of Joan of Arc. Renee Jeanne Falconetti gives one of the most iconic performances of all time, conveying more with her eyes than most actresses can do with an entire script of dialogue. Most importantly, you should watch this classic to see how much it influenced the next century of filmmaking. It really changed everything. The New York Times wrote on its release, “It fills one with such intense admiration that other pictures appear but trivial in comparison.” For cinephiles, it’s a sacred text.

More Dreyer on the Criterion Channel: Day of Wrath, Gertrud, Master of the House, Ordet, Vampyr

The Piano Teacher (Michael Haneke)

Years before he won an Oscar for Amour, Michael Haneke was a controversial voice on the international scene with several challenging flicks. This Grand Prix winner at Cannes in 2001 was one of his major turning points. Isabelle Huppert stars as Erika, the titular piano teacher, who starts up an affair with one of her students and then watches her life turn upside down. It’s not as abrasive as some of Haneke’s other work – Funny Games, for example – but definitely challenges traditional expectations and illustrates his skill with form. (As for special features, Huppert does commentary on selected scenes, and there’s a 30-minute interview with Haneke.)

More Haneke on the Criterion Channel: 71 Fragments of a Chronology of a Chance, Benny’s Video, The Castle, Code Unknown, Funny Games, The Seventh Continent.

The Player (Robert Altman)

A lot of the best of Altman on Criterion is not yet on the channel, but you will find what many call his comeback movie, this scathing 1992 comedy/thriller about the movie industry. Tim Robbins stars as a studio executive who gets caught up in a web of paranoia and greed in a way that could only happen in Hollywood. Often cited for its famous unbroken shot and plentiful cameos, The Player is underrated as an example of tonal balance: Watch as Altman slides smoothly from dark comedy to noir elements to industry commentary and back to satire. It’s seamless.

More Altman on the Criterion Channel: Secret Honor, Tanner ‘88.

The Red Shoes (Michael Powell & Emeric Pressburger)

This sumptuous, gorgeous 1948 film stars Moira Shearer as a ballerina caught between love and career, but it’s more about visual flair. Shot in Technicolor, it won Oscars for Best Art Direction and Best Music and was voted one of the ten best British films of all time by the British Film Institute at the end of the century. When people like Scorsese, Spielberg, and Coppola are asked about their favorite films of all time, The Red Shoes regularly comes up.

More Powell & Pressburger on the Criterion Channel: Black Narcissus, A Canterbury Tale, I Know Where I’m Going!, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, The Small Back Room, The Volunteer.

The Rules of the Game (Jean Renoir)

Watch

One of the most revered films of all time, this is a scathing examination of class in French society and a roller coaster in terms of tone and style.

More Renoir on the Criterion Channel: La bête humaine, Boudu Saved From Drowning, La chienne, A Day in the Country, Elena and Her Men, French Cancan, The Golden Coach, The Lower Depths, On Purge Bébé, The River, Toni.

The Seventh Seal (Ingmar Bergman)

There’s enough Ingmar Bergman on the Criterion Channel to tide you over for weeks. But where to start? There are character pieces like Winter Light and Fanny and Alexander and more challenging films like Persona and The Virgin Spring. But it was his 1957 surreal masterpiece, in which a knight of the Crusades (Max von Sydow) meets Death on a beach and the two play a game of chess, that defined him as an international cinematic presence.

More Bergman on the Criterion Channel: So much. Watch it all.

Stagecoach (John Ford)

Watch

Some of the best Ford films in the Criterion Collection – My Darling Clementine, Young Mr. Lincoln – aren’t included on the channel yet, but you can still find one of the Western master’s most influential works, a film that established so many of the tropes of the genre that directors still play with today. Before 1939’s Stagecoach, the Western was an unheralded genre; Stagecoach not only revolutionized the form but introduced the world to a young man named John Wayne.

More Ford on the Criterion Channel: The Long Voyage Home, The Plough and the Stars, The Whole Town’s Talking.

Stalker (Andrei Tarkovsky)

Russian master Andrei Tarkovsky’s films often present a challenge for budding cinephiles, who might blanch at the prospect of 160 minutes’ worth of Russian sci-fi. Trust us, it’s worth it. Solaris may be more widely known, but Stalker is his masterpiece, a film nearly impossible to describe in a single paragraph. Suffice it to say it’s a visual and tonal experience that simply mesmerizes the viewer. You won’t feel the length, and you won’t feel the same after you see it.

More Tarkovsky on the Criterion Channel: Andrei Rublev, Ivan’s Childhood, The Mirror, Nostlaghia, The Sacrifice, Solaris, The Steamroller and the Violin.

Stranger Than Paradise (Jim Jarmusch)

As people drool over the supercool trailer for Jim Jarmusch’s upcoming zombie film, The Dead Don’t Die, take the chance to acquaint yourself with his early work, starting with this 1984 breakthrough, starring John Lurie and Richard Edson. Jarmusch redefined independent cinema in the ‘80s with his spare style, filled with long takes and deliberate, unhurried plotting. His films are more about creating a mood than conveying a traditional narrative, and this is where that brand really began.

More Jarmusch on the Criterion Channel: Dead Man, Down by Law, Mystery Train, Night on Earth, Permanent Vacation.

The Thin Blue Line (Errol Morris)

There aren’t enough good documentaries on the Criterion Channel, but you can sample three nonfiction films from one of the form’s masters, Errol Morris. Arguably his best film remains this 1988 masterpiece that defined true-crime documentaries for decades to come. Morris uses his camera to document the indictment of Randall Dale Adams, who was accused of murdering a cop in Dallas. With his unmatched skills as an interviewer and an unforgettable Philip Glass score, The Thin Blue Line remains a riveting piece of filmmaking.

More Morris on the Criterion Channel: A Brief History of Time, Gates of Heaven, Vernon Florida.

This is Not a Film (Jafar Panahi)

After battling with his government over the content of his films for most of his career, the incredible Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi was arrested in 2010 and sentenced to six years in prison, during which he was, of course, told he couldn’t direct films. He did anyway, making this incredible documentary while awaiting his appeal and smuggling it out of the country to be shown at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, and he has continued to make subversive films even while under house arrest. Panahi is a deeply nuanced, character-driven filmmaker whose work has only gotten better since his country told him to stop doing it.

More Jafar Panahi on The Criterion Channel: 3 Faces, Taxi

Tokyo Story (Yasujiro Ozu)

Like so many of Ozu’s films, Tokyo Story is both specifically Japanese and possessed of a universal emotional resonance. Ozu regulars Chishu Ryu and Setsuko Hara star in a story of generational differences amid societal change. It’s a deftly simple story of an old couple going to visit their grown children in Tokyo, but there’s so much buried in the framing and pacing. It becomes the kind of film that can be paused and analyzed scene by glorious scene.

More Ozu on the Criterion Channel: More than two dozen other titles.

The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (Jacques Demy)

Why do people still watch Jacques Demy? Well, The Umbrellas of Cherbourg has a cinematic energy that’s unlike any other film. The only musical on this list, it features a luminous performance from Catherine Deneuve as the daughter of an umbrella-shop owner who falls in love with a mechanic (Nino Castelnuovo) who gets sent to fight in Algeria. Utterly unique.

More Demy on the Criterion Channel: Ars, Bay of Angels, Donkey Skin, La luxure, La sabotier du Val Loire, Lola, , Les horizons morts, A Slightly Pregnant Man, Une chambre en ville, The Young Girls of Rochefort

The Wages of Fear (Henri-Georges Clouzot)

Henri-Georges Clouzot is one of the best suspense directors of all time, and his two most famous films are Criterion Channel must-sees. The terrifying Diabolique is just as good a starting place, but if you’re in the mood for something different, try The Wages of Fear, a movie that has lost none of its power to thrill. The premise alone is perfectly thrilling: Four men take a job driving explosive nitroglycerin over a mountain pass. Every bump could be their last moment on Earth. It’s a model of how to produce tension through narrative and pacing.

More Clouzot on the Criterion Channel: L’assassin habite au 21, Le Corbeau, Diabolique.

Wings of Desire (Wim Wenders)

One of the best movies of the ‘80s, Wings of Desire is about longing and what it means to be human. Bruno Ganz, in an unforgettable performance, plays an angel who can hear the thoughts of the denizens of Berlin and decides to give up his immortality to join them. One of the most poetic, lyrical films ever made.

More Wenders on the Criterion Channel: Alice in the Cities, The American Friend, Kings of the Road, Palermo Shooting, Paris, Texas, Pina, Tokyo-ga, Until the End of the World, Wrong Move.

Yi Yi (Edward Yang)

How do you pick between Yi Yi and A Brighter Summer Day? They’re both modern masterpieces by Taiwanese director Edward Yang. Yi Yi is his final film, a nearly three-hour epic about a middle-class family in Taipei. It’s a film that balances detailed realism with Yang’s gorgeous sense of framing. Both beautiful and genuine, it’s a perfect place to start exploring modern East Asian cinema.

More Yang on the Criterion Channel: A Brighter Summer Day, Taipei Story.