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People who carry two copies of the APOE4 gene are at a higher risk of getting Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease affects millions of people worldwideAPOE4 is known as the biggest genetic risk factor for this type of Alzheimer's For the first time, researchers have identified a genetic form of Alzheimer's disease, in people who inherit two copies of a gene. Scientists have known that a gene called APOE4 is one of the many things that can increase people's risk of Alzheimer's, including getting old after 65. However, a research paper published in the journal Nature Medicine found that people who carry not one but two copies of the gene are at a higher risk of getting this disease. They also found that symptoms of Alzheimer's can begin 7 to 10 years earlier in such people. The disease is marked by changes in the brain due to deposits of certain proteins. It is a type of dementia that causes gradual memory decline, and affects thinking, behaviour and social skills. The study stated that about 15% of people who have Alzheimer's carry two copies of the APOE4 gene, meaning those cases "can be tracked back to a cause and the cause is in the genes," said Dr Juan Fortea, who led the study at the Sant Pau Research Institute in Barcelona, Spain. Until recently, people believed that genetic forms of Alzheimer's only affected younger people and made up less than 1% of all cases. Scientists are saying it's really important to develop treatments that target a specific gene called APOE4, which is linked to Alzheimer's. Some doctors are cautious about prescribing the only drug known to slightly slow the disease, called Leqembi, to people with this gene because they're more likely to have harmful side effects. Dr Reisa Sperling, the study's co-author, who works at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, is studying ways to prevent Alzheimer's. She thinks it's crucial to focus on people with the APOE4 gene before they show symptoms. However, this doesn't mean everyone should rush to get a gene test. Having a family history of Alzheimer's doesn't necessarily mean you have this gene, and most Alzheimer's cases are not caused by it. Alzheimer's affects millions of people worldwide. While some cases are caused by rare genetic mutations, most occur after the age of 65. The APOE gene, which affects how the body handles fats, plays a role in late-onset Alzheimer's. APOE4 is known as the biggest genetic risk factor for this type of Alzheimer's. The research suggests that people with two copies of the APOE4 gene are more likely to develop Alzheimer's symptoms earlier in life and have more brain plaque associated with the disease. While a drug called Leqembi can help clear away some of this plaque, it's unclear if it's safe for people with two copies of the APOE4 gene due to the risk of dangerous side effects. Other research is looking into gene therapy or drugs specifically targeting APOE4. For now, gene tests are mainly used to determine if someone is eligible for certain treatments or research studies. People with a family history of early-onset Alzheimer's are most likely to carry two copies of the APOE4 gene. Published By: Daphne ClarancePublished On: May 7, 2024