help me to translate these questions  in  French .134. Which ethical principle in engineering work promotes fair treatment and equal opportunities for all individuals?
A. Transparency
B. Diversity and inclusion
C. Social responsibility
D. Environmental sustainability
Answer: B. Diversity and inclusion

135. How does ethical behavior contribute to the reputation of the engineering profession?
A. It does not impact the profession’s reputation
B. It builds trust with clients and the public
C. It encourages competition among engineers
D. It leads to faster project completion
Answer: B. It builds trust with clients and the public
136. What is the main advantage of using hydrogels as biomaterials?
a) High mechanical strength
b) Low water absorption
c) Biodegradability
d) High biocompatibility
Answer: d) High biocompatibility

137. Which of the following is a ceramic biomaterial commonly used for bone implants?
a) Polyethylene
b) Hydroxyapatite
c) Polylactic acid
d) Collagen
Answer: b) Hydroxyapatite
138. What is the term used to describe the process by which a biomaterial is broken down and absorbed by the body?
a) Degradation
b) Corrosion
c) Erosion
d) Hydrolysis

Answer: a) Degradation

139. Which is the following is not the role of  signal processing in biomedical engineering?
A. To analyze and interpret data collected from biological signals
B. To enhance the quality of medical images
C. To develop new medical devices
D. interconnection of medical devices 
Answer: . interconnection of medical devices
140. What is the sampling frequency of a signal?
A. The number of samples per second
B. The amplitude of the signal per second 
C. The frequency response of the signal per minute 
D. The signal-to-noise ratio
Answer: A. The number of samples per second
141. Which of the following techniques is commonly used in signal denoising?
A. Fourier transform
B. Wavelet transform
C. Kalman filter
D. Markov model
Answer: B. Wavelet transform
142. What is the purpose of impedance spectroscopy in biomedical engineering applications?
A. To measure the electrical activity of the brain
B. To analyze the electrical properties of biological tissues
C. To regulate the flow of blood in the circulatory system
D. To map the genetic code of an individual
Answer: B. To analyze the electrical properties of biological tissues

143. How do electroencephalography (EEG) devices function in the measurement of brain activity?
A. By detecting and amplifying the electrical signals generated by the brain
B. By emitting electromagnetic radiation to stimulate brain neurons
C. By analyzing metabolic processes in brain cells
D. By measuring the temperature of the brain tissue
Answer: A. By detecting and amplifying the electrical signals generated by the brain
144. Which type of electrical circuit is commonly employed in medical devices to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC)?
A. Transistor circuit
B. Rectifier circuit
C. Capacitor circuit
D. Resistor circuit

Answer: B. Rectifier circuit
145. How does a commitment to continuous learning and professional development benefit engineers?
A. It hinders career advancement
B. It ensures outdated practices are maintained
C. It enhances skills and knowledge in the field
D. It  increases  job satisfaction
Answer: C. It enhances skills and knowledge in the field
146. Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of honesty and truthfulness in engineering work?
A. Collaboration and teamwork
B. Accountability and responsibility
C. Innovation and creativity
D. Communication and transparency
Answer: B. Accountability and responsibility
147. Which of the following is not a common method of modifying the surface properties of biomaterials?
a) Coating
b) Plasma treatment
c) Ion implantation
d) Injection molding
Answer: d) Injection molding
148. Which of the following is not a type of biomaterial degradation mechanism?
a) Chemical degradation
b) Physical degradation
c) Thermal degradation
d) Biological degradation
Answer: c) Thermal degradation
149. Which of the following is not a common application of biomaterials in tissue engineering?
a) Scaffold for cell growth
b) Tissue growing media
c) Artificial organs
d) Orthopedic implants
Answer: b) tissue  growing media 
150. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ideal scaffold for tissue engineering?
a) Biodegradability
b) Mechanical strength
c) Porosity
d) Non-porous surface

Answer: d) Non-porous surface

151. What is the purpose of filtering in signal processing?
A. To remove noise from the signal
B. To amplify the signal
C. To compress the signal
D. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio
Answer: A. To remove noise from the signal
152. Which of the following is NOT an example of a digital filter?
A. Butterworth filter
B. FIR filter
C. Kalman filter
D. Chebyshev filter
Answer: C. Kalman filter
153. What is the main advantage of using adaptive filters in signal processing?
A. They are computationally efficient
B. They can automatically adjust their parameters based on the input signal
C. They are robust to noise
D. They have a high passband ripple
Answer: B. They can automatically adjust their parameters based on the input signal
154. What role do sensors play in the feedback loop of an electromechanical device used in prosthetics?
A. Monitoring and relaying information about the device’s performance and external environment
B. Generating electrical signals to stimulate muscle contractions
C. Regulating the temperature of the artificial limb
D. Enhancing the aesthetic appeal of the prosthetic device
Answer: A. Monitoring and relaying information about the device’s performance and external environment

155. What is the purpose of the ISO 13485 standard in medical device manufacturing?
A. Ensure patient safety
B. Reduce manufacturing costs
C. Improve marketing strategies
D. Increase device complexity
Answer: A. Ensure patient safety
154. Which document outlines the essential requirements for medical devices ?
A. Medical Device Directive (MDD)
B. In Vitro Diagnostic Directive (IVDD)
C. Medical Device Regulation (MDR)
D. Technical Documentation Report (TDR)
Answer: A. Medical Device Directive (MDD)
155. Which of the following is not a commonly used method for evaluating the mechanical properties of biomaterials?
a) Tensile testing
b) Compression testing
c) Hardness testing
d) Spectroscopic analysis
Answer: d) Spectroscopic analysis
156. Which of the following is a commonly used method for measuring the degradation rate of a biomaterial?
a) Weight loss analysis
b) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
c) Scanning electron microscopy
d) X-ray diffraction analysis

Answer: a) Weight loss analysis

157. What is the purpose of feature extraction in biomedical signal processing?
A. To reduce the dimensionality of the signal
B. To enhance the contrast of the signal
C. To remove noise from the signal
D. To increase the sampling frequency of the signal
Answer: A. To reduce the dimensionality of the signal
160. Which of the following is NOT a common application of signal processing in biomedical engineering?
A. Automated diagnosis
B. Biofeedback
C. Text recognition
D. Prosthetics control
Answer: C. Text recognition
161. What is the purpose of using differential equations in modeling physiological systems in biomedical engineering?
A. To determine the concentration of chemicals in a reaction
B. To analyze the flow of blood in the circulatory system
C. To describe the relationship between variables and their rates of change
D. To calculate the volume of a geometric shape
Answer: C. To describe the relationship between variables and their rates of change
162. What is the role of a Notified Body in the medical device regulatory process?
A. Conduct clinical trials
B. Review technical documentation
C. Market the device
D. Perform surgical procedures
Answer: B. Review technical documentation
163. What does the QMS stand for in the context of medical device manufacturing?
A. Quality Monitoring System
B. Quantitative Measurement System
C. Quality Management System
D. Quantitative Monitoring Standard
Answer: C. Quality Management System
164. Which standard sets requirements for risk management in medical devices?
A. ISO 13485
B. ISO 14971
C. ISO 9001
D. ISO 14001
Answer: B. ISO 14971

165. What is the role of numerical methods in solving complex equations in biomedical engineering?
A. To approximate solutions for equations that do not have analytical solutions
B. To analyze DNA sequencing data
C. To process biomedical images with low resolution
D. To model linear systems in biomechanics
Answer: A. To approximate solutions for equations that do not have analytical solutions
166. What mathematical concept is essential for understanding the behavior of dynamic systems in response to external stimuli in biomedical engineering?
A. Integration
B. Differentiation
C. Convolution
D. Linear algebra

Answer: C. Convolution