Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            negative charge the electron is strongly bound with the nucleus.  
Polarization: means separation between positive and negative charge (dual charge), the material in this case called polarized. 
Polarizations can takes place in insulators as paper or wood .
Materials in which electrons are not free to move are called insulators. 
Electrostatic forces and electric  fields
Types of materials according to electrical activity are: 
insulators: no free electrons as wood and paper 
conductors: large number of free electrons as metals  
Semiconductors: limited number of free electrons as silicon and germanium. 
Coulombs law:
The magnitude of the electrostatic force (attraction or repulsion) between charges (q1 & q2) is given by:  





If the distance between charges increases the force between them decrease.
If the distance between charges increase to double value, the force between them decrease to quarter value. 
where εo is the permittivity of free space, εo≈ 9×10-12 C²/(N.m²). 
Electric field:
Electric field:  is the space around any charge 
  Or:  is the force per charge at a given location.
   N/C
The direction of the electric field is the direction of a positive test charge.
Positive charge                    outward (repulsion) 
Negative charge                  inward (attraction)
Some applications of electric field:
- Capacitance techniques for heating deep tissue.
- Water purification or electro dialysis 
relation between electric field and potential: 
E=V / d      Unit: volt /m 
Where: V is a potential, d: is a distance.
Equipotential surface (lines):
Definition: is a line or surface connecting between all points have the same electric potential.
Note: Electric field lines are always perpendicular to an equipotential line (surface).


Capacitors and dielectric:
Name: Capacitors get its name because it has a capacitance to store both electric charge and energy.
Function: store both electric charge and energy. 
Capacitors can store (charge- energy- both of them).
Consist of: two plates separated by a finite distance (dielectric Martials).
The capacitance C of the capacitor: 
(first general law of capacitor):


Where:
Q: is the magnitude of charge on either plate.
V: the voltage (potential difference) between the plates.
The units of capacitance are …………………….. and ……………………….
The SI unit of capacitance is …………………………………


Unit: C/volt   or Farad (SI unit)
Capacitors and dielectric:

Capacitors and dielectric:
Example: 1 
A parallel-plate capacitor is constructed with plates of area 0.0280 m2 and separation 0.550 mm. Find the magnitude of the charge on each plate of this capacitor when the potential difference between the plate is 20.1 V. 






Solution:  A= 0.028 m2, d= 0.550 mm, V=20.1 V, ξ= 8.85X10-12 C2/N.m2
C=ξ. A/d = (8.85X10-12)( 0.028) /( 0.550x10-3)= 4.51x10-10 F
C=Q/V  ………….. Q= CV= (4.51x10-10) (20.1) = 9.06x10-9 C
Lecture 5: bioelectricity within the body
Peripheral Nervous System
The peripheral nervous system is divided into two 

            Quiz: