Summarize the following text to main points and sub-points and make detailed explain for them:

 Mood Disorder 
 
  
  
   
Supervised by 
Dr.  Marwa Nady 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 AmanyMansour 
- Amanymohamed 
- Amal MohamedAbu  
 Saree 
- AmalMohamed  
 Abdullah 
- Omnia Abu Al-Hassan 
- Omnia Abd Al-Basit 
- Omnia Fathi 
- Omnia Mohamed 
- Amir Hamdi 
- Amir Abdul Tawab 
- AmiraHamed 
- Amira Shaban 
- Amira Abdullah 
- Amira Mostafa 
- Amira Youssef 
- EngyMounir 
- AyatMaher 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Outline: 
 1)Goals 
 2)Objectives 
 3)Introduction 
 4) Define Mood, mood disorder 
 5)List types of mood disorder 
6) Define of depression 
7) Mention causes of depression 
8) List signs and symptoms of depression 
9) Enumerate types of depression 
 10)Apply nursing management of depression 
 11)Definition of mania 
 12)Enumerate causes of mania 
 13)Mention sign and symptoms of mania 
 14)Apply nursing management 
 15)Reference 
 1) Goals: 
A)Provide a clear understanding of what mood disorders are and their impact on  
individuals' lives  
B) Establish a foundational understanding of mood and differentiate between normal  
mood fluctuations and mood disorders 
C) Familiarize the audience with the spectrum of mood disorders, including major  
depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and others 
D) Ensure a comprehensive understanding of depression as a clinical condition that  
affects emotional well-being 
E) Aid in recognizing the clinical manifestations of depression for better identification 
and  intervention 
F) Equip nursing professionals with practical strategies to support individuals 
experiencing  depression 
G) Understand the biological, psychological, and situational factors that can lead to 
mania 
 2) Objectives: 
A) Define "mood" and explain what constitutes a mood disorder 
B) Identify and categorize the various types of mood disorders 
C) Explore the various factors contributing to depression 
D) Discuss effective nursing interventions for managing depression 
E) Identify potential causes and triggers for manic episodes 
F) the characteristic signs and symptoms associated with mania 
G) Outline nursing management strategies for individuals experiencing mania 
  
 3)Introduction : 
Mood disorders, also known as affective disorders, are a category of 
mental health conditions that primarily involve disturbances in a  
 person's emotional state or mood. 
* These disorders can lead to significant distress and impair a  person's 
ability to function in daily life.  
*Mood disorders encompass a range of conditions, including major  
depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, dysthymia, and others. 
  
 4) Define Mood, mood disorder: 
Mood: Mood is an internal cognitive process of considering one's feelings and 
thoughts.  
 Moods can be random at times and are less intense than emotions. 
*Mood disorder: a type of mental health condition where there is a disconnect  
between actual life circumstances and the person's state of mind or feeling . 
• Dysphoria: is a state of feeling very unhappy, uneasy, or dissatisfied. It's often  
characterized by feelings of depression, anxiety, or discontent . 
*Euphoric mood: is a state of intense happiness and excitement. It's characterized by  
feelings of well- being, elation, and a sense of exhilaration. 
  
 5) List types of mood disorder: 
A)Unipolar : refers to something that has only one pole or extremity. In the context of 
mood disorders, a unipolar disorder, such as major depressive disorder, is 
characterized by persistent feelings of sadness or low mood without experiencing 
periods of mania or hypomania. 
B) 
Bipolar disorder: involves episodes of mania/hypomania (elevated or irritable 
mood,  increased activity or energy) alternating with episodes of depression. 
*Bipolar I Disorder: At least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by  
hypomanic or major depressive episodes. 
*Bipolar II Disorder: At least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive 
episode,  without a full manic  episode. 
C) 
Cyclothymia: A chronic mood disturbance involving numerous episodes of 
hypomania  and depressed mood,  of insufficient severity or duration to meet the 
criteria for bipolar disorder. 
 
 
 
  
 6) Define of depression: 
• An alteration in mood that is expressed by feelings of sadness, despair, and 
pessimism.  
▪ There is a loss of interest in usual activities, and somatic symptoms may be evident.  
●Changes in appetite and sleep patterns are common. 
  
 7) Mention causes of depression: 
 1. Biological Factors: 
• Genetics: Family history can increase the risk. 
• Brain Chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters (like serotonin and dopamine) can  
contribute. 
• Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations due to puberty, pregnancy, or menopause. 
 2. Psychological Factors: 
 • Personality Traits: Low self-esteem or a tendency toward negative thinking. 
 3. Environmental Factors: 
 • Isolation: Lack of social support or feeling disconnected from others. 
  
 4. Medical Conditions: 
 • Certain medications may have side effects that contribute to depression. 
 5. Substance Abuse: 
 • Alcohol and drug use can exacerbate or trigger depressive symptoms. 
 6. Cognitive Factors: 
• Negative thought patterns and cognitive distortions can perpetuate feelings of sadness. 
 7.streesful life event: 
• Loss of a loved one: The death of a close friend or family member can be a significant  source 
of grief and sadness, which can sometimes lead to depression . 
•  8)Disturbance of neurotransmitter  
  
 8)List signs and symptoms of depression: 
  
1. Physical Symptoms: 
 ▪Fatigue: Feeling excessively tired or lacking energy. 
 ▪Changes in appetite: Either overeating or loss of appetite.   
▪Sleep disturbances: Insomnia (difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep or hypersomnia  )  
(sleeping excessively). 
 ▪Weight changes: Gaining or losing weight unintentionally.   
 ▪Physical pain: Aches and pains without a clear physical cause.   
2. Emotional Symptoms: 
 ▪Sadness: Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness.  
 ▪Irritability: Increased anger or frustration.  
 ▪Loss of interest: A lack of interest in activities that were once enjoyable.   
 ▪Hopelessness: A sense of hopelessness or pessimism about the future.   
 ▪Guilt: Feelings of guilt or worthlessness.   
 ▪Difficulty concentrating: Trouble focusing or making decisions.  
  3. Thought Symptoms: 
 ▪Negative thoughts: Frequent negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future  
 ▪Pessimism: Expecting negative outcomes.   
 ▪Suicidal thoughts: Thoughts of harming oneself or ending one's life.      
  
  9) Enumerate types of depression: 
1. Major depression: 
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by depressed mood or loss of 
interest or pleasure in usu- al activities. Evidence will show impaired social and 
occupational functioning that has existed for at least 2 weeks, no history of manic 
behavior, and symptoms that cannot be attributed to use of substances or a general 
medical  
 Condition. 
2. persistent depression: 
Persistent Depressive Disorder, formerly known as dysthymia, is a chronic form of 
depression that lasts for at least two years in adults (one year in children and 
adolescents). It is characterized by a consistently low mood and various depressive  
 symptoms: 
A) Persistent sadness or low mood 
B) Loss of interest or pleasure in activities 
C) Feelings of hopelessness or low self-esteem 
 .D) Social withdrawal  
3.seasonaldepressio: 
Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of depression that occurs at certain times of 
the  year, most commonly in the fall and winter when daylight hours are shorter  
Symptoms: 
 A)Low energy and fatigue  
 B)Changes in sleep patterns  
 C)Increased appetite 
D)Difficultyconcentrating   
4.premenstrualdepressi: 
PMDD is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) characterized by significant 
mood disturbances that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and resolve  
 shortly after menstruation begins  
Symptoms: 
 A)Severe mood swings, irritability, or anger 
 B)Depression or feelings of hopelessness 
 C)Anxiety or tension 
 D).Physical symptoms such as bloating, breast tenderness, and headaches  
 5. postpartum depression: 
Postpartum depression occurs in some women after giving birth and is characterized 
by intense feelings of sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion that can interfere with daily  
 Functioning 
symptoms :      
 A)Persistent sadness or low mood  
 B)Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed  
 C)Difficulty bonding with the baby  
 D)Changes in appetite or sleep patterns  
 E).Thoughts of harming oneself or the baby  
  
 10)Apply nursing management of depression: 
1. Hospitalizations for Depression: 
When and Why Hospitalization for depression is often considered a last resort, but it 
can be a necessary step for individuals experiencing severe symptoms that pose a  
 significant risk to themselves or others.  
While most people with depression can manage their symptoms effectively with  
therapy and medication, there are instan

Summary :