Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            A (C18-24) usually, stearic acid
2) Glucose
3) Galactose-sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) “NANA”
(Cer-Glu-Gal-NANA)
2)GM2: contains, (GM3 + N-acetyl-galactose amine)  (Cer-
Glu-Gal-(NANA)-Gal-(NAc))
1)GM1: contains, (GM2 + Gal)
(Cer-Glu-Gal-(NANA)-Gal-(NAc)-Gal)
•
A receptor for cholera toxin in the human intestineXX
3- Gangliosides
Types
2-Complex lipids
21 
Definition:
• Are a vehicles for lipid transport in plasma among tissues.
• Composition:
a) Same of lipid constituents: TG, CHL, CHL ester & PL
(micelle-
like particle)
b) Proteins (apo-lipoproteins)
3-Lipoproteins
2-Complex lipids
22 
Triacylglycerols
Lipoproteins
Functions:
a.
Transporting lipids through the bloodstream from tissues to others,
b.
Used for energy, or to make hormones.
Water-soluble form of lipids  
(soluble in blood)
Spherical particles
Polar surface & nonpolar inner
Structures: There is 2 regions
1) A core region: contains non-polar lipids (TG & esterifiedCHL)
2) A region surrounding the core region: PL, proteins & freeCHL
2-Complex lipids
23 
Types of Lipoproteins
Chylomicrons
Liver
Fat storage  
cells
Heart and
muscles
LDL
VLDL
HDL
Energy
Intestine
&
elimination
TG & CHL
CHL
CHL
TG & CHL
VLDL: very-low-density lipoprotein
LDL: low-density lipoprotein
IDL: intermediate-density lipoprotein
HDL: high-density lipoprotein
TG & CHL
2-Complex lipids
24 
Specific Function of each Lipoproteins:
a)
Chylomicrons:

Transport the exogenous TG (dietary TG) & CHL (free &  esterified) from 
the small intestine into the adipose tissues &  liver respectively.
b)
VLDL, IDL & LDL: They have almost the same function.

Transport the endogenous TG & CHL from the adipose  tissues & 
liver into the extra-hepatic tissues respectively.
c)
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) 

Transport the endogenous CHL from the extra-hepatic tissues to 
the liver (good CHL).

N.B: ↑ CHL level which is due to LDL (bad CHL) can lead to
atherosclerosis. (↑ LDL caused by smoking, stress, obesity, ….)
– HDL: is a carrier of good CHL since, it remove CHL from the  blood & 
transport it to the liver where it’s used in the formation of  bile. (it ↑ by 
exercise, lose weight & alcohol in moderation)
2-Complex lipids
25 
Atherosclerosis
The most common form of arteriosclerosis (thickening of the
arterial walls)
• LDL’s lodge in arteries, oxidized, WBC try to consume
oxidized
products,
enlarged
WBC
accumulate,
causes
plaque that narrows arteries.
• Most serious consequence: heart attack
At artery clogged by  CHL
plaque
2-Complex lipids
26 
1) Fatty acids
are Hydrocarbon of aliphatic monocarboxylicacids  that 
obtained from hydrolysis of natural fats & oils.
The general formula R-(CH2)n-COOH
•
“R“: alkyl hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic).
•
“CooH“: carboxyl group (hydrophilic)
•
"n“: carbon atoms (mostly even (2-34) with a few exceptions 
odd number).
3. Derived Lipid
27 
Saturated fatty acids may be envisaged as  based on acetic acid 
(CH3 —COOH) as the  first member of the series in which —CH2 
— is progressive

            Quiz: