Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            s also 
important to consider demographic factors (e.g., country of origin, age, ethnic or racial group, 
occupation) that may increase the patient’s risk for exposure to TB or to drug-resistant TB. Also, 
clinicians should determine whether the patient has medical conditions, especially HIV infections, 
which increase the risk of latent TB infection progressing to TB disease. 
2. Physical Examination 
A physical exam can provide valuable information about the patient’s overall condition and other 
factors that may affect how TB is treated, such as HIV infection or other illnesses. 
8 
 
 
 
3. Test for TB Infection 
The Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) or the TB blood test can be used to test for M. 
tuberculosis infection. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is performed by injecting a small amount 
of fluid called tuberculin into the skin in the lower part of the arm. The test is read within 48 to 72 
hours by a trained health care worker, who looks for a reaction (induration) on the arm. 
The TB blood test measures the patient’s immune system reaction to M. tuberculosis. 
4. Chest Radiograph (Chest X-ray) 
A posterior-anterior chest radiograph is used to detect chest abnormalities. Lesions may appear 
anywhere in the lungs and may differ in size, shape, density, and cavitations. These abnormalities 
may suggest TB, but cannot be used to definitively diagnose TB. However, a chest radiograph may 
be used to rule out the possibility of pulmonary TB in a person who has had a positive reaction to a 
TST or TB blood test and no symptoms of disease. 
 
5. Diagnostic Microbiology 
The presence of acid-fast-bacilli (AFB) on a sputum smear or other specimen often indicates TB 
disease. Acid-fast microscopy is easy and quick, but it does not confirm a diagnosis of TB because 
some acid-fast-bacilli are not M. tuberculosis. 
A positive culture for M. tuberculosis confirms the diagnosis of TB disease. Culture examinations 
should be completed on all specimens, regardless of AFB smear results. 
6. Drug Resistance 
Drug susceptibility patterns should be repeated for patients who do not respond adequately to 
treatment or who have positive culture results despite 3 months of therapy. Susceptibility results 
from laboratories should be promptly reported to the primary health care provider and local TB 
control program. 
 
9 
 
 
 
How is active TB treated? 
If you have an active TB disease you will probably be treated with a combination of antibacterial 
medications for a period of six to 12 months. The most common treatment for active TB is 
isoniazid INH in combination with three other drugs—rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. 
How is latent TB treated? 
If you have become infected with TB, but do not have the active TB disease you should 
get preventive therapy. This treatment kills germs that could cause problems if the disease 
becomes active. The most common preventive therapy is a daily dose of the antibiotic isoniazid 
(INH) taken as a single daily 

            Quiz: