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HUNTINHGTON’S DISEASE IN A FAMILY OF FIVE GENERATIONS: A CASE REPORT WITH A LITERATURE REVIEW
[ABSTRACT] Objective  To deepen the understanding of the inheritance pattern and clinical features of Huntington’s disease. Methods  Thirteen patients in a family of five generations were investigated. The clinical features of patients from each generation were analyzed retrospectively, and two of the generations were analyzed for their genes. Results  There were significantly more males with this disease than females, with the age of onset decreasing with generations. The main clinical signs were involuntary movements, scissoring gait,  intellectual disability, and abnormal personality. Conclusion  Genetic transmission in this family helps increase the understanding of the inheritance patterns and clinical features of Huntington’s disease. 
THE VALUE OF SEROTONIN AND LEPTIN IN PROGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
[ABSTRACT] Objective  To explore the value of serotonin and leptin in the prognostic evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods  A total of 103 patients with TBI who were admitted to Haian People’s Hospital from June 2020 to June 2022 were selected as study subjects. According to the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), they were divided into 3 groups: mild group (49 cases), moderate group (31 cases ), and severe group (23 cases). The patients were divided into favorable group (79 cases) and unfavorable group (24 cases) at discharge according to the Glasgow Prognostic Score. The serotonin and leptin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The value of serotonin and leptin levels in determining the prognosis of patients with TBI was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The factors influencing the prognoses of patients with TBI were analyzed using the multivariate logistic regression model analysis. Results  The serotonin and leptin levels decreased sequentially in the severe group, moderate group, and mild group (F = 43.373, 119.620, P <0.05). The serotonin and leptin levels in the favorable group were significantly lower than those in the unfavorable group (t = 10.860, 12.974, P <0.05). The AUCs of serotonin and leptin levels were 0.873 and 0.852, respectively, in predicting the outcomes of patients with TBI, with specificities of 70.89% and 60.76%, respectively, and sensitivities of 91.67% and 91.67%, respectively, at cut-off values of 0.39 μmol/L and 1.93 nmol/L. The AUC of a combined measurement of the two was 0.914, with a specificity of 86.08% and a sensitivity of 87.50%. The favorable group had significant differences in pupil reactions, GCS on admission, concomitant intracranial infection, concomitant subdural hematoma, concomitant subarachnoid hemorrhage, and C-reactive protein content compared with the unfavorable group (χ2 = 4.525-9.619, t = 6.526, P <0.05). A GCS on admission of <8, concomitant subarachnoid hemorrhage, serotonin level of ≥0.39 μmol/L, and leptin level of ≥1.93 nmol/L were risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with TBI, with significant differences between the two groups (OR = 2.492-3.554, 95%CI =[1.550-2.147] to [3.435-5.881], P <0.05). Conclusion  The serotonin and leptin levels increase significantly in patients with TBI and are significantly correlated with the severity of the disease, which are valuable in evaluating the prognoses of patients with TBI.