1_ Translate the following legal text into colloquial Farsi 2_ Place the Persian and English text side by side in the table 3_ From the beginning to the end of the text, there should be an English sentence on the left side and a Persian sentence on the right side.  Side.
         4- The use of legal language for Persian translation 5_ Continue to the end of the text

            .Lesson Thirty-Five

Word Study
aim/eim / a purpose; an intention; something intended or desired to attain.
The aim is to increase sales in Europe.
The aim is to improve the factory's efficiency.
The company has failed to achieve its aim.
award/ə'wo:d / a prize, certificate, or amount of money given to someone.
The plaintiff received an award of $50,000 as compensation.
It is clear that both order of performance and award of damages may be made together.
The contract law adopts the traditional rule that an award of damages is available for all breaches of contract.
claimant / 'klermənt / one who makes a claim; plaintiff.
The claimant is an Iranian distributor who sues the Canadian seller.
The Chamber ordered claimant to deposit $25,000 with the Tribunal as an advance payment for the costs of expert advice.
A product liability claimant may ignore any contractual attempts by a defendant to limit or deny its liability.
constitute / 'konstitju:t / to form; to make up; to be the component of something.
His absence constitutes only part of the problem.
Women constitute more than sixty percent of the company's workforce.
It is thought that in some cases the reported crimes may constitute less than 10 percent of those actually committed.
estimate / 'estimət / a rough calculation or valuation; a judgement not necessarily detailed or accurate.
I can only give you a rough estimate of damages caused as a result of breach.  
Liquidated damages are a genuinc pre-estimate of damages.
To claim damages, one must provide an estimate of the damages with some degrce of certainty.
exact/ Ig'zækt / accurate; precise; absolutely right in every detail.
The exact cause of the accident is still in dispute.
It is impossible to assign an exact date for the performance.
Sometimes, it is impossible to show the exact amount of damages suffered by the aggrieved party.
profit / 'profit / benefit; money earned in business.
The distributor makes a profit of 10% on every sale.
The company's accounts show a profit of $9,000.
A valuable consideration, in the sense of the law, may consist in some right,interest, profit, or benefit accruing to one party.
proof/pru:f/evidence that shows or proves something; the establishment of a fact by evidence.
A written contract may be more effective as proof.
The cheque will be cashed on proof of identity.
Generally the burden of proof lies on the claimant.
properly / 'propəli / appropriately; correctly; in a proper and genuine manner.
The washing machine I bought is not working properly.
A team dispatched to London to check whether the machines ordered were functioning properly.
Before buying a car, make sure you have the ownership documents properly checked.
specify / 'spesifar / to state or mention clearly and definitely.
The contract may fail to specify which party is to perform first.
The parties should specify in the contract the applicable law.
Contracting parties may specify the exact conditions which will suffice to excuse performance.

Right to Recover Damages (1)

The party in breach of contract can be ordered to compensate the innocent party for any losses suffered, that is, the guilty party can be ordered to pay  
damages. The party claiming damagcs will usually have to establish that the losses claimed were really caused by the failure to perform the contract.Although the innocent party cannot necessarily recover the damages for every loss caused by the other party's breach, the gencral aim of an award of damages is to put the innocent party in the same position as he would have been in if the contract had becn properly performed. Thus, the guilty party will often be ordered to pay compensation for money the claimant has had to pay as a result of the breach and for profits that would have been made if the contract had been properly performed.
The damages recoverable depend in the first instance on whether the parties have made any provision in their contract for the amount payable following a breach. Often the parties will agree on an amount to be paid on breach of the contract by one to other, especially where proof of the exact amount of damages could be difficult. These provisions are decisive, unless the court considers that the provision is really a penalty for breach of contract. The penalty in contract law is a sum specified in a contract as payable on its breach but not constituting a genuine estimate of the probable losses.