Write an academic essay on the topic “Lack of freedom of labor and its symbolic interpretation in ancient society” for 2000 words, based on the text: "In ancient times, it was not labor power that was sold on the labor market, but a person. Speaking of a slave as a commodity, a slave is considered as a certain tool.A slave is a tool of a special kind.This tool required reproduction.The status of a slave is determined by the specifics of his life.Slaves had rights, there was a hierarchy among them.The slave owner was responsible for the slave.The content of the slaves was quite expensive, because the slave was not interested in work. Aristotle “Politics”. The need for procreation encourages a man and a woman to marry. In the same way, for the purpose of self-preservation, a being by nature ruling and a being by nature subject to it should be united. That is, the same thing is useful to the slave and the master. Man is more of a social being than some social animals (bees), since it has speech and is capable of perceiving such concepts as good and evil, justice and injustice, etc., and the totality of all this is the basis of the family and states. Primary in nature is the state in comparison with the family and every person, since it is necessary that the whole precede the particular. In all people, nature has instilled a desire for state communication, which, according to Aristotle, is the greatest good. The concept of justice is associated with the idea of the state, since law, which serves as a measure of justice, is the regulatory norm of political communication. The organization of the family as a separate unit of the state. There are 2 elements in a perfect family: slaves and free. 3 types of relationships: master, marriage and paternal. Ownership is part of the home, and acquisition is part of the family organization. For a householder, property is an instrument of existence. A slave is a kind of animate property. Tools as such are intended for productive activity, while property is an instrument for active activity. A slave by nature is a person who belongs to another person. A person belongs to another if, while remaining a person, he becomes property. Not all slavery is contrary to nature. The dominance of the soul over the body is beneficial. Similarly, the subordination of some people to others is useful. The benefits of domestic animals are not much different from the benefits of slaves. Both of them, by their physical strength, help to meet our needs. Nature wants the physical organization of the free to be different from the physical organization of the slaves. According to Aristotle, it is obvious that some people are by nature free, others are slaves, and it is fair and beneficial for the latter to be slaves. But not for everyone. There are slaves who do not deserve slavery (captured warriors). Slave and master benefit from friendly relations, since their relationship rests on natural principles. It follows from the above that the power of the master is the power over the slaves. The power of the statesman is power over the free and equal. The science of the economy assumes the presence of 3 elements of power: the power of the master over the slaves, the relationship of the father to the children, the relationship of the husband to the wife. The power of a husband over his wife can be compared with the power of a politician, the power of a father over children with the power of a king. After all, a man by nature is more called to leadership than a woman, and an older person can lead better than a young one. According to Aristotle, the household should take more care of people. Rather than the acquisition of soulless property, more about the virtues of the former than about the abundance of the latter, more about free people than about slaves. 3 groups of slaves: 1. ordinary slaves - lived in barracks, near the territories they cultivated. Crops: wheat, oats, barley (harvest twice a year). There were no scientific forms of organizing the labor of slaves, but there were attempts. 2. shackled slaves - guilty in any situations, they were forced to carry out their work under supervision. 3. overseers are slaves over whom free overseers stood. The extreme form of the existence of a slave was a prison (work not for a specific master, but for the state). Slavery was widespread in the cities, where their labor, as a rule, was realized in crafts. Slaves were required to have certain qualifications. Within the craft workshop, there were certain forms of division of labor. For many slaves, it was not profitable to receive freedom, because. The master gave him everything he needed.