You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


Q:

prOGraMMIng PuZZleS & cOde ____

Input
A non-empty encoded string consisting of printable ASCII characters (in the range 32-126), where some missing letters have been replaced with _.
Output
A decoded string of the same length with all letters in lowercase, including the missing ones.
How?
Edit: As mentioned by @Deusovi in the comments, this is a variant of Bacon's cipher.

Gather all letters in the original string and group them by 5. Additional letters that do not fit in a full group of 5 are ignored.
Convert each group into binary: lowercase = 0, uppercase = 1. This leads to a list of integers.
Use each value N in this list to replace each _ in the original string with the N-th letter of the alphabet (0-indexed), in order of appearance.

Example: prOGraMMIng PuZZleS & cOde ____
prOGr --> 00110 -->  6 -->  7th letter = 'g'
aMMIn --> 01110 --> 14 --> 15th letter = 'o'
gPuZZ --> 01011 --> 11 --> 12th letter = 'l'
leScO --> 00101 -->  5 -->  6th letter = 'f'

By replacing the missing letters and converting everything back to lowercase, the original string is unveiled:
programming puzzles & code golf

This is the expected output.
Clarifications and rules

The missing letters are guaranteed to appear at the end of the string. More formally: there will never be any letter after the first _ in the input string. However, there may be other printable ASCII characters such as spaces and punctuation marks.
The input is guaranteed not to contain any useless capital letter: all capital letters are bits set to 1 which are required to decode the missing letters. Everything else is in lowercase.
The input string is guaranteed to be valid. Especially:

It will always contain enough full groups of 5 letters to decode the underscores.
The binary-encoded integers are guaranteed to be in the range [0-25].

There may be no _ at all in the input string, in which case you just have to return the input.
This is code-golf, so the shortest answer in bytes wins!

Test cases
Input : hello!
Output: hello!

Input : helLO, worl_!
Output: hello, world!

Input : i aM yoUr faTh__.
Output: i am your father.

Input : prOGraMMIng PuZZleS & cOde ____
Output: programming puzzles & code golf

Input : Can YOu gUesS tHE ENd oF This ____?
Output: can you guess the end of this text?

Input : THe qUICk brown FOx JUMps oVEr the la__ ___.
Output: the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Input : RoadS? wHERe we're goinG WE doN't need _____.
Output: roads? where we're going we don't need roads.

Input : thE greatESt Trick thE DeVIl EVer PUllEd wAs CONvInciNg tHe WorLD h_ ____'_ _____.
Output: the greatest trick the devil ever pulled was convincing the world he didn't exist.

Some extra test-cases:
Input : BInar_
Output: binary

Input : 12 MonKey_
Output: 12 monkeys

Input : hyPerbolIZ__
Output: hyperbolized

Input : {[One Last Test ca__]}
Output: {[one last test case]}

A:

05AB1E, 18 bytes
Code:
áS.u5ôJC>.bv'_y.;l

Uses the 05AB1E encoding. Try it online!
Explanation:
á                       # Remove non-letters from the input string.
 S                      # Split the result into individual characters.
  .u                    # Check if is uppercase for each character.
    5ôJ                 # Split into binary numbers of length 5.
       C                # Convert from binary to decimal.
        >               # Add one.
         .b             # Map 1 → A, 2 → B, 3 → C, ..., 25 → Y, 26 → Z.
           v            # For each letter:
            '_y.;       #   Replace the first occurrence of '_' with the current letter.
                 l      #   Convert the string to lowercase.

A:

Perl 5 -pF -MList::Util=sum, 75 bytes
@a=grep!/\W|\d/,@F;s!_!(a..z)[sum map{a gt shift@a&&16/2**$_}0..4]!eg;$_=lc

Try it online!
Explanation:

-pF reads a line of input into the variable $_ and, split into characters, into the array @F.
@a=grep!/\W|\d/,@F sets the array @a equal to those members of @F that don't satisfy the regex \W|\d. \W is anything but letters, numbers, and _; \d is numbers. So \W|\d is anything but letters and _, and @a has all the letters and _ characters. We will wind up never examining the _ characters in @a. (Note that this only works because the input is guaranteed ASCII.)
map{a gt shift@a&&16/2**$_}0..4 does the following for 0 through 4: It shifts the next element off of @a, shortening it, and evaluates whether a is asciibetically greater than that element (i.e. whether that element is uppercase). If so, && isn't short-circuited, so we get 16 divided by 2 to rhe power of the input value (0 through 4). Otherwise && is short-circuited and we get 0. map returns the list of five numbers to sum, which adds them.
That's the element we want from the list a..z, and that's what we get from (a..z)[…].
s!_!…!eg converts each _ in $_, in turn, to the appropriate letter.
$_=lc converts $_ to the lowercase version of itself, and -p prints it.

A:

Python 2, 113 bytes
s=input()
i=k=0
for c in s:
 if c.isalpha():k+=k+(c<'a');i+=1;s=s.replace('_',chr(k%32+97),i%5<1)
print s.lower()

Try it online!