what in the c++ program below could lead to segmentation fault

#include "component.h"
#include "cimage.h"
#include "bmplib.h"
#include <deque>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
// You shouldn't need other #include's - Ask permission before adding

using namespace std;

// TO DO: Complete this function
CImage::CImage(const char* bmp_filename)
{
    //  Note: readRGBBMP dynamically allocates a 3D array
    //    (i.e. array of pointers to pointers (1 per row/height) where each
    //    point to an array of pointers (1 per col/width) where each
    //    point to an array of 3 unsigned char (uint8_t) pixels [R,G,B values])
    
    img_ = nullptr;

    img_ = readRGBBMP(bmp_filename, h_, w_);
    // ================================================
    // TO DO: call readRGBBMP to initialize img_, h_, and w_;

    // Leave this check
    if(img_ == NULL) {
        throw std::logic_error("Could not read input file");
    }

    // Set the background RGB color using the upper-left pixel
    for(int i=0; i < 3; i++) {
        bgColor_[i] = img_[0][0][i];
    }

    // ======== This value should work - do not alter it =======
    // RGB "distance" threshold to continue a BFS from neighboring pixels
    bfsBgrdThresh_ = 60;

    // ================================================
    // TO DO: Initialize the vector of vectors of labels to -1
    vector<int> row(w_ , -1);
    labels_.resize(h_, row);

    // ================================================
    // TO DO: Initialize any other data members

}

// TO DO: Complete this function
CImage::~CImage()
{
    for (int i=0; i < h_;i++){
        if (img_[i] != nullptr){
            for (int j=0; j < w_;j++){
                delete[] img_[i][j];
            }
            delete [] img_[i];
        }
    }
    delete [] img_;
    img_ = nullptr;
}

// Complete - Do not alter
bool CImage::isCloseToBground(uint8_t p1[3], double within) {
    // Computes "RGB" (3D Cartesian distance)
    double dist = sqrt( pow(p1[0]-bgColor_[0],2) +
                        pow(p1[1]-bgColor_[1],2) +
                        pow(p1[2]-bgColor_[2],2) );
    return dist <= within;
}

// TO DO: Complete this function
size_t CImage::findComponents()
{
  size_t count = 0;

  for (int i=0; i < h_; i++){
    for (int j=0; j < w_;j++){
      if (!isCloseToBground(img_[i][j], bfsBgrdThresh_) && labels_[i][j] == -1){
          Component newcomp = bfsComponent(i, j, count);
          components_.push_back(newcomp);
          count++;
      }
    }
  }
  return count;
}

// Complete - Do not alter
void CImage::printComponents() const
{
    cout << "Height and width of image: " << h_ << "," << w_ << endl;
    cout << setw(4) << "Ord" << setw(4) << "Lbl" << setw(6) << "ULRow" << setw(6) << "ULCol" << setw(4) << "Ht." << setw(4) << "Wi." << endl;
    for(size_t i = 0; i < components_.size(); i++) {
        const Component& c = components_[i];
        cout << setw(4) << i << setw(4) << c.label << setw(6) << c.ulNew.row << setw(6) << c.ulNew.col
             << setw(4) << c.height << setw(4) << c.width << endl;
    }
}


// TODO: Complete this function
int CImage::getComponentIndex(int mylabel) const
{
  for (size_t i=0; i< components_.size();i++){
    if (components_[i].label == mylabel){
      return i;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}


// Nearly complete - TO DO:
//   Add checks to ensure the new location still keeps
//   the entire component in the legal image boundaries
void CImage::translate(int mylabel, int nr, int nc)
{
    // Get the index of specified component
    int cid = getComponentIndex(mylabel);
    if(cid < 0) {
        return;
    }
    int h = components_[cid].height;
    int w = components_[cid].width;

    // ==========================================================
    // ADD CODE TO CHECK IF THE COMPONENT WILL STILL BE IN BOUNDS
    // IF NOT:  JUST RETURN.

    if (h < 0 || h >= h_ || w < 0 || w >= w_){
      return;
    }

    // ==========================================================

    // If we reach here we assume the component will still be in bounds
    // so we update its location.
    Location nl(nr, nc);
    components_[cid].ulNew = nl;
}

// TO DO: Complete this function
void CImage::forward(int mylabel, int delta)
{
    int cid = getComponentIndex(mylabel);
    if(cid < 0 || delta <= 0) {
        return;
    }
    
    int finalindex = max(0,(cid-delta));
    while (cid > finalindex){
      swap(components_[cid], components_[cid-1]);
      cid--;
    }
}

// TO DO: Complete this function
void CImage::backward(int mylabel, int delta)
{
    int cid = getComponentIndex(mylabel);
    if(cid < 0 || delta <= 0) {
        return;
    }
    
    int finalindex = min(static_cast<int>(numComponents()), (cid + delta));
    while(cid < finalindex){
    swap(components_[cid], components_[cid+1]);
    cid++;
  }
}

// TODO: complete this function
void CImage::save(const char* filename)
{
    // Create another image filled in with the background color
    uint8_t*** out = newImage(bgColor_);

    // Add your code here
    for (size_t i=0; i < numComponents(); i++){
      Component& c = components_[i];
      for (int j=0; j < h_;j++){
        for (int k=0;k < w_; k++){
          out[(c.ulNew.row)+j][(c.ulNew.col)+k][0] = img_[c.ulOrig.row+j][c.ulOrig.col+k][0];
          out[(c.ulNew.row)+j][(c.ulNew.col)+k][1] = img_[c.ulOrig.row+j][c.ulOrig.col+k][1];
          out[(c.ulNew.row)+j][(c.ulNew.col)+k][2] = img_[c.ulOrig.row+j][c.ulOrig.col+k][2];
        }
      }
    }



    writeRGBBMP(filename, out, h_, w_);
    // Add any other code you need after this
    deallocateImage(out);
}

// Complete - Do not alter - Creates a blank image with the background color
uint8_t*** CImage::newImage(uint8_t bground[3]) const
{
    uint8_t*** img = new uint8_t**[h_];
    for(int r=0; r < h_; r++) {
        img[r] = new uint8_t*[w_];
        for(int c = 0; c < w_; c++) {
            img[r][c] = new uint8_t[3];
            img[r][c][0] = bground[0];
            img[r][c][1] = bground[1];
            img[r][c][2] = bground[2];
        }
    }
    return img;
}

// To be completed
void CImage::deallocateImage(uint8_t*** img) const
{
    for (int i=0; i < h_;i++){
        if (img[i] != nullptr){
            for (int j=0; j < w_; j++){
                delete[] img[i][j];
            }
            delete [] img[i];
        }
    }
    delete [] img;
    img = nullptr;
}

// TODO: Complete the following function or delete this if
//       you do not wish to use it.
Component CImage::bfsComponent(int pr, int pc, int mylabel)
{
    // Arrays to help produce neighbors easily in a loop
    // by encoding the **change** to the current location.
    // Goes in order N, NW, W, SW, S, SE, E, NE
    int neighbor_row[8] = {-1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1};
    int neighbor_col[8] = {0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1};

    deque<Location> curr;
    curr.push_back(Location(pr,pc));

    int minrow = pr, maxrow = pr, mincol = pc, maxcol = pc;
    labels_[pr][pc] = mylabel;

    while (! curr.empty()){ 
      Location current = curr.front(); // extract item in front of q
      curr.pop_front();

      int x = current.row;
      int y = current.col;

      //update bounding box
      minrow = min(minrow, x);
      maxrow = max(maxrow, x);
      mincol = min(mincol, y);
      maxcol = max(maxcol, y);

      for (int i=0; i<8;i++){
        // loc of neighbors
        int nx = x + neighbor_row[i];
        int ny = y + neighbor_col[i];
        if (nx >= 0 && nx < h_ && ny >= 0 && ny < w_){ //check if valid
          if (!isCloseToBground(img_[nx][ny], bfsBgrdThresh_) && labels_[nx][ny] == -1){
            labels_[nx][ny] = mylabel;
            curr.push_back(Location(nx,ny));
          }
        }
      }
    }

    int height = maxrow - minrow + 1;
    int width = maxcol - mincol +1;
    Component component(Location(minrow,mincol), height, width, mylabel);
    return component;
}

// Complete - Debugging function to save a new image
void CImage::labelToRGB(const char* filename)
{
    //multiple ways to do this -- this is one way
    vector<uint8_t[3]> colors(components_.size());
    for(unsigned int i=0; i<components_.size(); i++) {
        colors[i][0] = rand() % 256;
        colors[i][1] = rand() % 256;
        colors[i][2] = rand() % 256;
    }

    for(int i=0; i<h_; i++) {
        for(int j=0; j<w_; j++) {
            int mylabel = labels_[i][j];
            if(mylabel >= 0) {
                img_[i][j][0] =  colors[mylabel][0];
                img_[i][j][1] =  colors[mylabel][1];
                img_[i][j][2] =  colors[mylabel][2];
            } else {
                img_[i][j][0] = 0;
                img_[i][j][1] = 0;
                img_[i][j][2] = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    writeRGBBMP(filename, img_, h_, w_);
}

// Complete - Do not alter
const Component& CImage::getComponent(size_t i) const
{
    if(i >= components_.size()) {
        throw std::out_of_range("Index to getComponent is out of range");
    }
    return components_[i];
}

// Complete - Do not alter
size_t CImage::numComponents() const
{
    return components_.size();
}

// Complete - Do not alter
void CImage::drawBoundingBoxesAndSave(const char* filename)
{
    for(size_t i=0; i < components_.size(); i++){
        Location ul = components_[i].ulOrig;
        int h = components_[i].height;
        int w = components_[i].width;
        for(int i = ul.row; i < ul.row + h; i++){
            for(int k = 0; k < 3; k++){
                img_[i][ul.col][k] = 255-bgColor_[k];
                img_[i][ul.col+w-1][k] = 255-bgColor_[k];

            }
            // cout << "bb " << i << " " << ul.col << " and " << i << " " << ul.col+w-1 << endl; 
        }
        for(int j = ul.col; j < ul.col + w ; j++){
            for(int k = 0; k < 3; k++){
                img_[ul.row][j][k] = 255-bgColor_[k];
                img_[ul.row+h-1][j][k] = 255-bgColor_[k];

            }
            // cout << "bb2 " << ul.row << " " << j << " and " << ul.row+h-1 << " " << j << endl; 
        }
    }
    writeRGBBMP(filename, img_, h_, w_);
}