Align each tag to a section from the College Physics 6th Edition
by Bo Lou (Author), Jerry D. Wilson (Author), Anthony J. Buffa (Author)
table of contents:
Content:
9.2.A Describe the properties of an ideal gas. 9.2.A.1 The classical model of an ideal gas assumes that the instantaneous velocities of atoms are random, the volumes of the atoms are negligible compared to the total volume occupied by the gas, the atoms collide elastically, and the only appreciable forces on the atoms are those that occur during collisions. 9.2.A.2 An ideal gas is one in which the relationships between pressure, volume, the number of moles or number of atoms, and temperature of a gas can be modeled using the equation PV = = nRT Nk TB . 9.2.A.3 Graphs modeling the pressure, temperature, and volume of gases can be used to describe or determine properties of that gas. 9.2.A.4 Atemperatureatwhichanidealgashaszero pressure can be extrapolated from a graph of pressure as a function of temperature.
CONTENTS:
Preface XV
1 MEASUREMENT AND PROBLEM SOLVING 1
INSIGHT: 1.1 Why Study Physics? 2
1.1 Why and How We Measure 2
1.2 SI Units of Length, Mass, and Time
INSIGHT: 1.2 What Is Time? 6
13 More about the Metric System
1.4 Unit Analysis
1.5 Unit Conversions 12
10

INSIGHT: 1.3 Is Unit Conversion Important? 16
1.6 Significant Figures 17
1.7 Problem Solving 20
Chapter Review 24 Exercises 25
7
3

4 FORCE AND MOTION 103
4.1 The Concepts of Force and Net Force 104
4.2 Inertia and Newton's First Law of Motion 105
4.3 Newton's Second Law of Motion 106
INSIGHT: 4.1 g's of Force and Effects on the Human
Body 108
4.4 Newton's Third Law of Motion 112
INSIGHT: 4.2 Sailing into the WindTacking 115
4.5 More on Newton's Laws: Free-Body Diagrams
and Translational Equilibrium 116
LEARNBYDRAWING: Forces on an Object on an Inclined
Plane and Free-body Diagrams

4.6 Friction 121
Chapter Review 130 Exercises 131
5 WORK AND ENERGY 140
5.1 Work Done by a Constant Force 141
LEARNBYDRAWING: Work: Area under the F-versus-x

Curve 142

LEARNBYDRAWING: Determining the Sign of Work 143
5.2 Work Done by a Variable Force 145
5.3 The Work-Energy Theorem: Kinetic Energy 148
5.4 Potential Energy 152
5.5 Conservation of Energy 155
INSIGHT: 5.1 People Power: Using Body Energy
LEARNBYDRAWING: Energy Exchanges: A Falling Ball
156
161

5.6 Power 164
INSIGHT: 5.2 Hybrid Energy Conversion 164
Chapter Review 168 Exercises 169
6 LINEAR MOMENTUM AND COLLISIONS
6.1 Linear Momentum 178
6.2 Impulse 182
6.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum 185
INSIGHT: 6.1 The Automobile Air Bag and Martian
Air Bags 186
6.4 Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 191

177
116

2 KINEMATICS: DESCRIPTION
OF MOTION 32
2.1 Distance and Speed: Scalar Quantities 33
2.2 One-Dimensional Displacement and Velocity:
Vector Quantities 35

LEARNBYDRAWING: Cartesian Coordinates and One-
Dimensional Displacement 35

2.3 Acceleration 40
LEARNBYDRAWING: Signs of Velocity
and Acceleration 42
2.4 Kinematic Equations (Constant Acceleration)
2.5 Free Fall 49
INSIGHT: 2.1 Galileo Galilei and the Leaning Tower
of Pisa 51
Chapter Revie 56 Exercises 57
3 MOTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS
3.1 Components of Motion 68
3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction 73
LEARN BY DRA Make a Sketch and Add
3.3Projectile ioze
3.4 Relativc Ve:ociy
Chapter Rev: S4

Them Up 80
81
90
Exercises 95
67
45

VI Contents
6.5 Cen:er of Mass 198
6.6 ePropulsion and Rockets 204
C9r Revie 207 Exercisns 207
7 CIRCUL::R MOTION
AND GRAVITATION 216
7.1 Angılar Measure 217
7.2 Anguiar Speed and Veiccis
LEARNBY

219
NC:TheSmali-Aoigic
Approxita 2
7.3 UriformCircularMurior. 20Ceee
Acceleration 223
INSIGHT:7.1 The Centrifuge:Susarutiny Ssieins

Components 225
7.4 Angular Acceleration 228
7.5 Newton's Law of Gravitation, 231
INSICHT 7.2 Space Exploration Gravity Assists 238
7.6 Kepler's Laws and Earth Sateilites 238
INSIGHT: 7.3 "Weightlessness": Effects on the Human
Body 245
Chapter Review 247 Exercises
8 ROTATIONAL MOTION
AND EQUILIBRIUM 256
8.1 Rigid Bodies, Translations, and Rotations 257
8.2 Torque, Equilibrium, and Stability 259
8.3 Rotational Dynamics 270
INSIGHT: 8.1 Stability in Action 271t
8.4 Rotational Work and Kinetic Energy 277
8.5 Angular Momentum 280
INSIGHT: 8.2 Slide or Roll to a Stop? Antilock Brakes 281
Chapter Review 287 Exercises 288
248

9.4 Fluid Dyna.nics and Bernoulli's Equation 319
*9.5 Surface Tension, Viscosity, and Poiseuille's
Law 324
osT. S.4 The Lungs and Baby's First Breath 325
Dhnr FReview 329 Exercises 330
EPERATIJRE ANDKINETICTHEORY
Terperature andHeat 339
2he CeisiusandFahrenheitTemperature
Scaies 340
SNS 20.i uman Body Temperature 343
13.3 Gas Laws, Absolute Temperature, and the Kelvin
Ienperature Scale 343
10.2 Warm-BloodedversusCold-Blooded
10.4 Thermal Expansion 350
LEARN BY DRAWING: Thermal Area Expansion 351
10.5 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 354
INSIGHT: 10.3 Physiological Diffusion in Life
Processes 357
*10.6 Kinetic Theory, Diatomic Gases, and the
Chapter Review 360
Equipartition Theorem 357
Exercises 361

11 HEAT 367
11.1 Definition and Units of Heat
11.2 Specific Heat arnd Calorimetry
368
370
11.3 Phase Changes and Latent Heat 374
LEARNBYDRAWING: From Cold Ice to Hot Steam
11.4 Heat Transfer 379
INSIGHT: 11.1 Physiological Regulation of Body
Temperature 380
INSIGHT: 11.2 Physics, the Construction Industry,
Energy Conservation 384
INSIGHT: 11.3 The Greenhouse Effect
Chapter Review 390 Exercises 391
388
377
344
338
13

and

IN

9 SOLIDS AND FLUIDS 297
9.1 Solids and Elastic Moduli 298
9.2 Fluids: Pressure and Pascal's Principle 302
INSIGHT: 9.1 Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Density
(BMD) 304
INSIGHT: 9.2 An Atmospheric Effect: Possible Earaches 311
INSIGHT: 9.3 Blood Pressure and Its Measurement 312
9.3 Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle 313

12 THERMODYNAMICS 397
12.1 Thermodynamic Systems, States,
and Processes 398
12.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics 399
12.3 Thermodynamic Processes for an Ideal Gas 403
LEARNBYDRAWING: Leaning on Isotherms 409
12.4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
and Entropy 410

C

Contents VII

INSIGHT: 12.1 Life, Order, and the Second Law
414
414

12.5 Heat Engines and Thermal Pumps
LEARNBYDRAWING: Representing Work in Thermal

Cycles 415

INSIGHT: 12.2 Thermodynamics and the Human Body 420
12.6 The Carnot Cycle and Ideal Heat Engines
Chapter Review 425

422

Exercises 426
13 VIBRATIONS AND WAVES 433
13.1 Simple Harmonic Motion 434
LEARNBY DRAWING: Oscillating in a Parabolic Potential

Well 437
13.2 Equations of Motion 439
13.3 Wave Motion 446
13.4 Wave Properties 449
INSIGHT: 13.1 Earthquakes, Seismic Waves,
and Seismology 450
13.5 Standing Waves and Resonance 454
INSIGHT: 13.2 Desirable and Undesirable Resonances 458
Chapter Review 459 Exercises 460

15.3 Electric Force 512
15.4 Electric Field 517
LEARNBYDRAWING: Using the Superposition Principle to
Determine the Electric Field
Direction 518
LEARNBYDRAWING: Sketching Electric Lines
of Force 521

INSIGHT: 15.2 Electric Fields in Law Enforcement and
INSIGHT: 15.1 Lightning and Lightning Rods 523
Nature: Stun Guns and Electric Fish 524
15.5 Conductors and Electric Fields 526
*15.6 Gauss's Law for Electric Fields: A Qualitative
Approach 528
Chapter Review 529 Exercises 530
16 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL, ENERGY,
AND CAPACITANCE 536
16.1 Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential
Difference 537
LEARNBYDRAWING: AV Is Independent of Reference

Point 538

16.2 Equipotential Surfaces and the Electric Field
LEARNBYDRAWING: Graphical Relationship between
543

Electric Field Lines andf
Equipotentials 547
16.3Capacitance549 rs
INSIGHT: 16.1 Electric Potential and Nerve Signal
Transmission 552
16.4 Dielectrics 552
16.5 Capacitors inSeriesand in Parallel557
Chapter Review 561 Exercises 562
17 ELECTRIC CURRENT irtr
AND RESISTANCE 568
17.1 Batteries and Direct Current 569
LEARN BY DRAWING: Sketching Circuits 571
17.2 Current and Drift Velocity 571
17.3 Resistance and Ohm's Law 573
INSIGHT: 17.1 The "Bio-Generation" of High Voltage
INSIGHT: 17.2 Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) 578
17.4 Electric Power 580

575

Chapter Review 585 Exercises 586
18 BASIC ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 591
18.1 Resistances in Series, Parallel, and Series-Parallel
Combinations 592
18.2 Multiloop Circuits and Kirchhoff's Rules 599
LEARNBYDRAWING: Kirchhoff Plots: A Graphical
Interpretation of Kirchhoff's Loop
Theorem 602
18.3 RC Circuits 604
18.4 Ammeters and Voltmeters 607
INSIGHT: 18.1 Applications of RC Circuits to Cardiac
Medicine 608
18.5 Household Circuits and Electrical Safety. 611

14 SOUND 467
14.1 Sound Waves 468
INSIGHT: 14.1 Ultrasound in Medicine 470
14.2 The Speed of Sound 471
14.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Intensity
Level 474
INSIGHT: 14.2 The Physiology and Physics of the Ear
and Hearing 475
14.4 Sound Phencrnena 481
14.5 The Doppler Effect 484
INSIGHT: 14.3 Doppler Applications: Blood Cells
and Raindrops 490
14.6 Musica! Instruments and Sound
Charactristics 491
Chapte: Re 496 Exercises 498
15 ELECTRI< CHARGE, FORCES,
ANDIE 5 505
15.1 Electric Charge 506
15.2 Electrostatic Charging 508

VIlI Contents
INSIGHT: 18.2 Electricity and Personal Safety
Chapter Review 615 Exercises 616

614 22 REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT

22.1 Wave Fronts and Rays 706
22.2 Reflection 707
22.3 Refraction 708
LEARN BY DRAWING: Tracing the Reflected Rays 708
INSIGHT: 22.1 A Dark, Rainy Night 709
INSIGHT: 22.2 Negative Index of Refraction and
the "Perfect" Lens 715
22.4 Total Internal Reflection and Fiber Optics 717
INSIGHT: 22.3 Fiber Optics: Medical Applications 720
22.5 Dispersion 721
INSIGHT: 22.4 The Rainbow 722
Chapter Review 723 Exercises 724

70-

19 MAGNETISM 623
19.1 Magnets, Magnetic Poles, and Magnetic Field
Direction 624
19.2 Magnetic Field Strength and Magnetic Force 626
19.3 Applications: Charged Particles in Magnetic
Fields 629
19.4 Magnetic Forces on Current-Carrying Wires 632
19.5 Applications: Current-Carrying Wires in
19.6 Electromagnetism: The Source of Magnetic
Magnetic Fields 635

19.7 Magnetic Materials 641
Fields 637

*19.8 Geomagnetism: The Earth's Magnetic Field
INSIGHT: 19.1 The Magnetic Force in Future Medicine 642
644

INSIGHT: 19.2 Magnetism in Nature 645
Chapter Review 647 Exercises 648
20ELECTROMAGNETICINDUCTION
AND WAVES 656
20.1 Induced emf. Farzday's law and Lenz's Law
20.2 Electric Gererators zuvi Ba k emf 663
NIGH: 20.1Electrornagneiicln tution atWork:
Flashlights and An:itarrorisn 664 ' i1. 259.2Electromagneticind:, tn atPlay:
Hobbies ard Trarsporfaio:. 6U
20.3 Transformers and Pow.er L:ansmission 358
20.4 Eiectrormagnetic Waves 672
Chaker Review 679
21 AC CIRCUITS 686
21.1 Resistance in an AC Circuit 687
21.2 Capacitive Reactance 689
21.3 Inductive Reactance 691
21.4 Impedance: RLC Circuits 693
21.5 Circuit Resonance 697
S1HT: 21.1OscillatorCircuits:Broadcastersof
Electronmagnetic Radiation 699
Chapler Review 700 Exercises 701
Ekercises 679

657
23 MIRRORS AND LENSES 729
23.1 Plane Mirrors 730
23.2 Spherical Mirrors 732
INSIGHT: 23.1 It's All Done with Mirrors 733
LEARNBYDRAWING:A Mirror Ray Diagram
(see Example 23.2) 734

23.3 Lenses 740
LEARNBYDRAWING: A Lens Ray Diagram
(see Example 23.5) 743
INSIGHT: 23.2 Fresnel Lenses 748
23.4 The Lens Maker's Equation 750
*23.5 Lens Aberrations 752
Chapter Review 753 Exercises 754

24 PHYSICAL OPTIC: THE WAVE NATURE
OF LIGHT 760
24.1 Young's Double-Slit Experiment 761
24.2 Thin-Film Interference 764
INSIGHT: 24.1 Nonreflecting Lenses 768

Contents IX

24.3 Diffraction 768
24.4 Polarization 775
LEARNBY DRAWING: Three Polarizers (see Integrated
Example 24.6.) 778
"24.5 Atmospheric Scattering of Light 782
INSIGHT: 24.2 LCDS and Polarized Light 783
INSIGHT: 24.3 Optical Biopsy 785
Chapter Review 785 Exercises 786
25 VISION AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS 792
25.1 The Human Eye 793
INSIGHT: 25.1 Cornea "Orthodontics"
25.2 Microscopes 799
25.3 Telescopes 803

and Surgery 797

25.4 Diffraction and Resolution 807
INSIGHT: 25.2 Telescopes Using Nonvisible Radiation
808
*25.5 Color 810
Chapter Review 813
26 RELATIVITY 819
26.1 Classical Relativity and the Michelson-Morley
Experiment 820
26.2 The Postulates of Special Relativity and the
26.3 The Relativity of Length and Time: Time Dilation
Relativity of Simultaneity 822
and Length Contraction 825
26.4 Relativistic Kinetic Energy, Momentum, Total
26.5 The General Theory of Relativity
*26.6 Relativistic Velocity Addition 841
Energy, and Mass-Energy Equivalence 833
837
INSIGHT: 26.1 Relativity in Everyday Living 838
INSIGHT: 26.2 Black Holes, Gravitational Waves,
and LIGO 842
Chapter Review 844 Exercises
27 QUANTUM PHYSICS 851
27.1 Quantization: Planck's Hypothesis 852
27.2 Quanta of Light: Photons and the Photoelectric
Effect 354
LEARNBY ENNG: The Photoelectric Effect and Energy

Conservation 856
27.3 Quantum "Particles": The Compton
Effet 858
27.4 The Bohr Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
27.5 A Quantum Success: The Laser 866
860
INSIGH: 27.1 CD and DVD Systems 869
INSIGET: 27.2 Lasers in Modern Medicine 870
Chaptar Feview 871 Exercises 873
28 QUANTUM MECHANICS AND ATOMIC
PHYSICS 877
28.1 Matter Waves: The de Broglie Hypothesis
28.2 The Schrödinger Wave Equation 881
INSIGHT: 28.1 The Electron Microscope 883
878

845
Exercises 814

INSIGHT: 28.2 The Scanning Tunneling
Microscope (STM) 884
28.3 Atomic Quantum Numbers and
the Periodic Table 885
INSIGHT: 28.3 Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI) 888
28.4 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
28.5 Particles and Antiparticles 896

894
Chapter Review 897 Exercises 898

29 THE NUCLEUS 902
29.1 Nuclear Structure and the Nuclear Force 903
29.2 Radioactivity 906
29.3 Decay Rate and Half-Life 911
29.4 Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy 917
29.5 Radiation Detection, Dosage,
and Applications 922
INSIGHT: 29.1 Biological and Medical Applications of
Chapter Review 929
Radiation 927

Exercises 930st ov
30 NUCLEAR REACTIONS AND ELEMENTARY
PARTICLES 935
30.1 Nuclear Reactions 936
30.2 Nuclear Fission 939
30.3 Nuclear Fusion 944
30.4 Beta Decay and the Neutrino
30.5 Fundamental Forces and Exchange
946

Particles 948
30.6 Elementary Particles 951
30.7 The Quark Model 953
30.8 Force Unification Theories, the Standard Model,
and the Early Universe 954
Chapter Review 956 Exercises 957