Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            •
Obtain by hydrolysis of: 
o Sucrose, maltose & lactose, & 
o Starch & glycogen 
D-Glucose 
 
α-D-Glucose (Pyranose) 
Haworth formula 
open chain formula 
2) D-Fructose (Ketohexose, C6H12O6 ) 
Its name comes from the Latin word fructus = fruit 
Important monosaccharides 
D-Fructose 
• The sweetest of monosaccharides, 
• Present in honey & fruits 
• The main sugar of  semen that  used 
by  sperms as energy source. 
• Known as fruit sugar, fetal blood 
• Obtained by hydrolysis of sucrose & inulin 
& change to glucose in liver & intestine. 
α-D-Fructose (furanose) 
3) D-Galactose (C6H12O6 ): 
Its name comes from the Greek word galact = milk 
Important monosaccharides 
• Not found free in nature, 
• Found as a component of lactose in milk. 
• Obtained by hydrolysis of lactose & change to 
glucose in liver 
4) D-Ribose: 
• Found in the backbone structure of nucleic acid  
RNA & some coenzymes, e.g., FAD, 
NADH, ATP, & coenzyme A. 
  CHO 
H 
C 
OH  
HO 
C 
H 
HO 
C 
H 
H 
C 
OH  
CH2OH 
Galactose 
5) D-Mannose: 
A component of glycoproteins &  
changed to glucose in the body. 
Properties of monosaccharides 
1)
Water soluble, crystalline & unaffected by digestive enzymes. 
2)
Have one asymmetric C or more except dihydroxyacetone 
3)
All monosaccharides have optical activity except dihydroxyacetone. 
Different possible isomers of Glucose: 
1.
D & L forms of glucose (Enantiomers). 
2.
α & β forms of D-Glucose (Anomers). 
3.
Pyranose & Furanose forms of D-Glucose. (Functional group isomers) 
4.
Epimers of Glucose as mannose & galactose. 
5.
Aldo-Keto isomers as glucose & fructose. 
H 
C 
OH 
H 
C 
OH 
H 
C 
OH 
CH OH 
CHO 
HO 
C 
H 
H 
C 
OH 
H 
C 
OH 
CH OH 
CHO 
CHO 
H 
C 
OH 
HO 
C 
H  
H 
C 
OH 
CH OH 
2 
Xylose 
2 
Ribose 
2 
Arabinose 
CHO 
H 
C 
OH 
HO 
C 
H  
H 
C 
OH 
H 
C 
OH 
HO 
C 
H 
HO 
C 
H 
CHO 
CHO 
H 
C 
OH 
HO 
C 
H 
HO  
C  H 
H 
C 
OH  
CH2OH 
Galactose 
CH2OH 
Glucose 
H  
C  OH 
H 
C 
OH  
CH2OH 
Mannose 
Properties of monosaccharides 
5) Epimers: sterioisomers result from differ in the 
configuration  at a single C atom (differ in the position of 
OH group at only  one of their asymmetric C atom) other 
than before the last  (sub-terminal) C atom. e.g. 
• D-Glucose & D-Galactose are C4 epimers. 
• D-Glucose & D-Mannose are C2 epimers. 
• D-arabinose is an epimer of D-ribose at C2. 
• D-xylose is an epimer of D-ribose at C3. 
Properties of monosaccharides 
CHO 
HO 
C H  
H 
C O
H 
H 
C O
H 
CHO 
H 
C O
H  
HO 
C H 
H 
C OH  
CH
2OH 
Xylose 
CHO 
H 
C OH 
H 
C OH 
H 
C OH  
CH
2OH 
Ribose 
CH
2OH 
Arabinose 
CHO 
H 
C 
O
H 
HO 
C 
H  
H 
C 
O
H 
H 
C 
O
H 
CH OH 
HO 
C 
H 
HO 
C 
H 
CHO 
CHO 
H 
C 
O
H 
HO 
C 
H 
HO  
C  H 
H 
C 
O
H  
CH
2OH 
Galactose 
2 
Glucose 
H  C  OH 
H 
C 
O
H  
CH
2OH 
Mannose 
Properties of monosaccharides 
Monosacchrides derivatives 
   
1) Sugar alcohols 
carbonyl group → reduced to alcohol group. 
Glucose is reduced to sorbitol (glucitol): used as a sugar substitute  
for diabetics & prevent foods

            Quiz: