[19:00, 11/11/2023] Es Chamara: Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the most suitable verb given in the list. (10 Marks)

We live in the information era where electronic devices have taken over our lives. The information which has been 
 
 on electronic devices has 
 
  an important source of evidence in criminal and civil cases. Many institutions 
 
 online platforms or digital devices in their daily activities. Even simple things such as phone calls can 
 
 data which is recorded and stored with little human effort. At times people 
 
  things with the intention of using them as evidence in court, but sometimes recordings are made without any legal purpose in mind. 

Although the information is valuable, information stored on digital devices can 
 
  many evidential problems…
[19:06, 11/11/2023] Es Chamara: Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the most suitable word given in the list. (20 Marks)

The General Law of Sri Lanka is applicable to 
 
 majority of Sri Lankans. It is a combination of principles of Roman-Dutch Law 
 
 statutory provisions based on English Law. 
 
 from the General Law, Sri Lanka 
 
  three Special Laws: Kandyan Law, Muslim Law and Thesawalamai Law. 
 
 to the Article 16 (1) of the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka, 
 
 existing written and unwritten laws can operate even 
 
  the enactment of the Constitution. Kandyan Law and Muslim law are purely personal 
 
 nature. The Thesawalamai Law is 
 
 personal and territorial in nature. The General Law is applicable to all 
 
  those who are governed by the Special Laws. 

The instit…
[19:18, 11/11/2023] Es Chamara: Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

1. Only a small proportion of acts of abuse and violence against children are either reported or investigated though reporting has been better during the first half of 2013 with better systems in place to encourage this. Children are often unable to articulate offences committed against them by adults whom they may trust and love, or who are in positions of authority over them. The stigma attached to sexual abuse is also a barrier to reporting such incidents. Moreover, in the current law enforcement and legal system, very few adult perpetrators are called to account for their crimes against a child. Physical abuse, particularly corporal punishment, still occurs and is generally accepted as a form of discipline in homes, schools, and childcare institutions, though prohibited. It is not easy to draw a distinction between acts of an abusive nature which are undertaken in the name of discipline and acts that are not in any way related to discipline. Therefore, the ban on corporal punishment in schools and childcare institutions must be strictly enforced. It is also important to promote nonabusive, alternative forms of discipline.

2. The criminal justice system must place high penalties on the victimization of children. The majority of Sri Lankan communities still do not view crimes against children as very serious. Unless perpetrators are made to know that their actions will have severe consequences and that they cannot get away with impunity even if they are related to the child victim, such incidents will continue.

3. General international human rights treaties and other international agreements provide protection to children. However, it is the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) which sets out well-defined legally binding standards. Sri Lanka was among the first countries to ratify the UNCRC, and it must take steps to abide effectively by its framework of legal principles, standards, policies, and practices. This includes the twin need to promote preventive aspects as well as the implementation of relevant responses when a child is victimized.



Questions

1. Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE based on the information given in the passage. (06 Marks)



a. Acts of abuse and violence against children have increased in 2013 at a considerable rate.

Select one:
True
False
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b. Reporting of child abuse and violence can be strengthened with better systems and encouragement.

Select one:
True
False
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c. An abusive act carried out with the intention to discipline a child is not considered an offence.

Select one:
True
False
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d. The schools in general do not employ corporal punishment.

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True
False
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e. There are no alternatives to assaulting a child in order to manage them.

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True
False
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f. Only a few Sri Lankans consider child abuse to be an offence.

Select one:
True
False
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Select the most suitable answer. (14 Marks)

2. According to paragraph 1, the parties that are most likely to commit crimes against children are ……………


a.
Parents, neighbours and teachers


b.
Parents, teachers, and caregivers


c.
Relatives, neighbours, and teachers


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3. Which statements of the following mention why offences against children are not reported in Sri Lanka?



I. Children are often unable to speak about offences committed against them by adults whom they may trust and love.

II. Very few adults who commit child abuse are called to account for their crimes.

III. There is a sense of shame attached to sexual abuse.


a.
I and II


b.
I, II and III


c.
I and III


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4. Which of the following could be called a nonabusive, alternative form of discipline?


a.
Punishing verbally by scolding and threatening


b.
Instilling fear through physical punishment


c.
Rewarding good behaviour of the child


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5. ‘Victimization’ in paragraph 2 is similar in meaning to …………


a.
protection


b.
ill-treatment


c.
rehabilitation


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6. ‘Impunity’ in paragraph 2 is similar in meaning to ………………


a.
no remuneration


b.
no compensation


c.
no punishment


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7. Which of the following is not a possible future action that should be taken regarding child abuse as mentioned in paragraph 3?


a.
taking precautionary measures against abuse


b.
implementing relevant responses when a child is victimized


c.
revising the legally binding standards


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8. Select the best title for the above passage.


a.
Barriers that prevent reporting cases of child abuse in Sri Lanka


b.
Parental responsibility towards the protection of children in Sri Lanka


c.
Legal framework for the protection of children in Sri Lanka