Please grade the following essay with this marking criteria. MARKING CRITERIA CONTENT MARKS:
Title Page (2) 
•	All required information included (1)
•	Clear title that captures important elements of study (1) 
Abstract (6) 
•	Clear description of aims and key variables (2) 
•	Clear description of participants and procedures (2) 
•	Clear description of results and implications (2) 
Introduction (18)
•	Excellent introduction, aims, and rationale provided for study (3)
•	Clear definition for 1st variable + excellent explanation linking it to TikTok consumption (3) 
•	Clear definition for 2nd variable + excellent explanation linking it to TikTok consumption (3) 
•	Excellent coverage of existing evidence or other relevant literature for 1st variable (2) 
•	Excellent coverage of existing evidence or other relevant literature for 2nd variable (2) 
•	Aim of study clearly restated (1)
•	Clear overview of methodology for current study (2) 
•	Clear hypotheses stated for each chosen variable (2)
Method (11) 
•	Clear, precise, and complete description of participants (3) 
•	Clear, precise, and complete description of procedure (2) 
•	Clear, precise, and complete description of measures for all three variables (6)
Results (11) 
•	Reader directed to table with clear description of table contents (1) 
•	Power analysis reported clearly and interpreted correctly (1) 
•	Statistics reported clearly and interpreted correctly for both focal relationships (4) 
•	Perfectly APA formatted table correctly presenting descriptive statistics + correlations (5) 
Discussion (16) 
•	Aims and hypotheses of study clearly restated (1) 
•	1st variable findings clearly described, related back to hypotheses + past literature (2)
•	2nd variable findings clearly described, related back to hypotheses + past literature (2) 
•	Excellent critical interpretation of results for 1st variable (2) 
•	Excellent critical interpretation of results for 2nd variable (2) 
•	Excellent discussion of practical implications of results (2) 
•	Major limitation identified and clearly explained (2) 
•	Clear and appropriate future research direction suggested to account for limitation (2) 
•	Excellent conclusion that summarises the paper (1) 
References (6) 
•	Perfectly APA formatted reference list (2) 
•	Comprehensive reference list that includes references for all in-text citations (2) 
•	References cited consistently in-text throughout report where appropriate (2) 
General (10) 
•	Excellent overall writing quality (expression, structure, spelling, punctuation) (5) 
•	Perfect APA formatting for overall report (5) 
TOTAL (80)

Title: The Relationship between Narcissism, Fear of Missing Out, and TikTok Consumption
Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between narcissism, fear of missing out (FOMO), and TikTok consumption, as these variables are well-known in other social media platforms but have not been extensively studied in the context of TikTok. A sample of 381 participants completed a survey measuring their levels of narcissism, FOMO, and TikTok consumption. Results revealed that narcissism and FOMO were both positively correlated with TikTok consumption, supporting the proposed hypotheses. These findings contribute to the existing knowledge of psychological factors associated with TikTok consumption and have practical implications for understanding the target audience of this increasingly popular platform.

Introduction

TikTok is a rapidly growing social media platform that allows users to create and share short videos, including dance challenges, comedy skits, educational content, and glimpses into their lives. Despite its recent popularity, limited research has been conducted examining the psychological variables related to TikTok consumption. This study examined the relationship between narcissism, fear of missing out (FOMO), and TikTok consumption to contribute to the existing literature on this topic.

Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a strong need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Previous research has shown that narcissistic individuals tend to be more active on social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram, as these sites allow them to showcase their achievements and seek validation from others (Bergman, Fearrington, Davenport, & Bergman, 2011). Based on this past literature, it is hypothesized that narcissism will be positively correlated with TikTok consumption.

Fear of missing out (FOMO) refers to the uneasy feeling of being left out or missing out on important social experiences (Przybylski, Murayama, DeHaan, & Gladwell, 2013). FOMO has been linked to increased social media use, as it fuels the desire to be constantly connected and informed about others’ activities (Beyens, Frison, & Eggermont, 2016). It is hypothesized that FOMO will be positively correlated with TikTok consumption, as individuals with higher levels of FOMO are more likely to consume content on the platform to stay connected and informed about popular trends.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between narcissism, FOMO, and TikTok consumption by measuring these variables in a large sample of participants.

Method

Participants

A total of 381 participants (age M = 29.0, SD = 14.0, range = 17-78) were recruited for this study, including 217 females, 152 males, 10 non-binary individuals, and 2 other-identifying individuals.

Procedure

Participants were recruited through convenience sampling and completed an online survey measuring their levels of narcissism, FOMO, and TikTok consumption. The survey was disseminated through social media and took approximately 15 minutes to complete.

Measures

Narcissism: Narcissism was assessed using the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16), a 16-item self-report scale (Ames, Rose, & Anderson, 2013). Participants responded to statements such as “I like to be the center of attention” on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). A higher total score indicated greater narcissism.

Fear of Missing Out: FOMO was measured using the 10-item Fear of Missing Out scale (Przybylski et al., 2013). Participants responded to statements such as “I fear others have more rewarding experiences than me” on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all true of me, 5 = extremely true of me). A higher total score indicated greater FOMO.

TikTok Consumption: Participants were asked to estimate the amount of time they spent daily watching TikTok videos. Responses were recorded on a 1 to 7 scale, with 1 indicating 10 minutes or less per day, and 7 indicating 4 hours or more per day.

Results

A sensitivity power analysis conducted on the sample of 381 participants revealed that the study was powered to detect a correlation coefficient of 0.16. Results showed that narcissism (r = .21, p < .001) and FOMO (r = .33, p < .001) were both positively correlated with TikTok consumption, thus supporting the hypotheses. Table 1 presents the descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients for these variables.

Discussion

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between narcissism, FOMO, and TikTok consumption in a large sample of participants. As hypothesized, both narcissism and FOMO were positively correlated with TikTok consumption, adding to the literature on the psychological factors associated with this emerging social media platform.

Our findings are consistent with previous research showing that narcissistic individuals tend to be more active on social media platforms (Bergman et al., 2011). This suggests that, similar to other social media platforms, TikTok may provide an environment where narcissistic individuals can showcase their achievements and seek admiration from others.

Similarly, our results support previous research linking FOMO to increased social media use (Beyens et al., 2016). TikTok, with its continual stream of new and popular content, may exacerbate feelings of FOMO in users who fear missing out on trends and social experiences.

The present study has several limitations. First, the use of self-report measures may introduce biases, such as social desirability and response biases. Additionally, the cross-sectional design of the study does not allow for causal inferences to be made. Future research should consider using longitudinal designs or experimental manipulation to further explore the relationship between these variables and TikTok consumption.

In conclusion, the present study contributes to the literature on TikTok consumption by demonstrating that narcissism and FOMO are positively correlated with TikTok use. These findings have practical implications for understanding the target audience of this increasingly popular platform and may inform future interventions and marketing strategies.