Summarize the following text to main points and sub-points and make detailed explain for them:

nalysis (CUA)
⬜️
 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)
⬜️
 Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
⬜️
 Cost-Minimization Analysis (CMA)
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🟩 Answer:
Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA)
08:48
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08:50
#Health_Policy_Management_and_Economics
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🔸 A city government is considering implementing a new public health program aimed at reducing air pollution.
The program is estimated to cost $1 million to implement but is expected to result in various health benefits,
such as reduced hospital admissions and fewer cases of respiratory diseases. The total estimated monetary value
of these health benefits is $2 million over the next five years. Which economic evaluation approach should the
city government use to determine whether the program is economically justified?
⬜️
 Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA)
⬜️
 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)
⬜️
 Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
⬜️
 Cost-Minimization Analysis (CMA)
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🟩 Answer:
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
08:51
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08:58
#Health_Policy_Management_and_Economics
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🔸 In Saudi Arabia, two private hospitals have disseminated بنشر a patient's data without obtaining his
consent. The patient wishes to file a complaint regarding this breach of privacy االنتهاك للخصوصية. To whom
should the patient address his complaint?
⬜️
 Saudi Health Council
⬜️
 Local Police Department
⬜️
 The Hospitals' Management
⬜️
 Public Health Authority
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🟩 Answer:
The Hospitals' Management
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🟦 Explanation:
"السؤال ذا غريب، كل اإلجابات صحيحة. بس غالًبا إذا صارت مشكلة زي كذا، أول شيء راح تتوجه له هو إدارة المستشفيات."
اذا موجودة وزارة الصحة اشوفها اقرب
09:00
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?
09:44
🟪 تجميعات SPHLE 🟪
#Health_Policy_Management_and_Economics
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🔸 In a healthcare system, it is observed that certain groups of patients consistently face disparities in access to
medical services and quality of care. This inequality in healthcare outcomes based on demographic factors is a
concern. What term is commonly used to describe the principle of treating all patients the same, regardless of
their background, in healthcare services?
⬜️
 Health Privilege
⬜️
 Health Disparities
⬜️
 Health Equality
⬜️
 Health Elitism
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🟩 Answer:
Health Equality
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🟦 Explanation:
Health Equality: This concept focuses on providing everyone with the same access to healthcare services. In an
ideal scenario of health equality, everyone would receive the same level of care, regardless of their
background.
🗞
Health Equity: This concept goes beyond just access and emphasizes fairness in healthcare outcomes. It
acknowledges that people might have different needs and social determinants of health that influence their
health. Health Equity aims to provide the necessary support and resources to ensure everyone has a fair
chance to achieve the best possible health outcomes, even if it means some people might need different levels
or types of care.
09:45
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09:50
#Health_Policy_Management_and_Economics
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🔸 What are the sequential steps involved in the planning process?
⬜️
 Setting Objectives ➡️
 Analyzing the Situation ➡️
 Developing Strategies ➡️
 Implementing the Plan ➡️
Evaluating the Results.
⬜️
 Analyzing the Situation ➡️
 Developing Strategies ➡️
 Setting Objectives ➡️
 Implementing the Plan ➡️
Evaluating the Results.
⬜️
 Developing Strategies ➡️
 Setting Objectives ➡️
 Analyzing the Situation ➡️
 Implementing the Plan ➡️
Evaluating the Results.
⬜️
 Implementing the Plan ➡️
 Evaluating the Results ➡️
 Analyzing the Situation ➡️
 Setting Objectives ➡️
Developing Strategies.
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🟩 Answer:
Analyzing the Situation ➡️
 Developing Strategies ➡️
 Setting Objectives ➡️
 Implementing the Plan ➡️
Evaluating the Results.
09:51
In reply to this message
👆
09:51
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10:05
#Epidemiology
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🔸 In a public health system, which of the following activities is considered a form of passive surveillance?
⬜️
 Conducting active case-finding in the community
⬜️
 Proactively seeking out cases through regular screening
⬜️
 Monitoring and reporting infectious diseases (notifiable diseases)
⬜️
 Implementing vaccination campaigns
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🟩 Answer:
Monitoring and reporting infectious diseases (notifiable diseases)
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🟦 Explanation:
Active Health Surveillance:
Directly gathering health information.
Example: Conducting health screenings to collect data.
Passive Health Surveillance:
Observing health data.
Example: Tracking disease cases.
10:14
In reply to this message
👆
10:14
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?
10:40
🟪 تجميعات SPHLE 🟪
#Health_Policy_Management_and_Economics
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🔸 A healthcare professional is discussing future health goals for a region. They mention that there are numerous
projects on the horizon, potentially around 20 in number. When asked about the most important focus areas for
these projects, which of the following is considered the most important priority when planning and implementing
future health projects in this region?
⬜️
 Implementing global health insurance for all residents.
⬜️
 Providing the best possible healthcare services.
⬜️
 Paying close attention to the quality of healthcare delivery.
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🟩 Answer:
Paying close attention to the quality of healthcare delivery.
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🟦 Explanation:
- Quality of healthcare delivery is the foundation for achieving positive health outcomes. Even with
universal healthcare or access to the best services (other options), if the quality of care is poor, residents won't
benefit fully.
⏬
❌ Implementing global health insurance: This can improve access to care, but it doesn't guarantee quality.
❌ Providing the best possible healthcare services: This is aspirational طموح, and defining "best" can be
subjective. Focusing on quality ensures a baseline level of good care for everyone.
these are ultimately means to an end (improving population health).
10:40
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10:42
#Health_Policy_Management_and_Economics
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🔸 In public health centers, where do they primarily rely on evidence for information?
⬜️
 Personal opinions
⬜️
 Scientific research
⬜️
 Social media
⬜️
 Urban legends
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🟩 Answer:
Scientific research
10:42
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?
11:17
🟪 تجميعات SPHLE 🟪
#Social_BehavioralSciences_HealthCommunication_HealthPromotion
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🔸 Implementation and evaluation in the PRECEDE and PROCEED model is carried in:
⬜️
 The 2nd Phase
⬜️
 The 3rd Phase
⬜️
 The 4th Phase
⬜️
 The 5th Phase
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🟩 Answer:
The 5th Phase
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🟦 Explanation:
PRECEDE (Phases 1-4)
🎯 Phase 1: Identify the goal
What do you want to achieve?
Example: Reduce obesity in a community.
🤔 Phase 2: Identify the problems
What's stopping you from achieving the goal?
Example: Lack of exercise, unhealthy eating habits.
🍔 Phase 3: Identify the influencers
What factors influence the problems?
Example: Peer pressure, lack of access to healthy food.
📝 Phase 4: Identify the enablers
What policies or resources can help?
Example: Building bike lanes, providing healthy food options.
PROCEED (Phases 5-8)
✅ Phase 5: Implement the plan
Put the plan into action!
Example: Build bike lanes, offer healthy food options.
📊 Phase 6: Evaluate the process
Is the plan being implemented correctly?
Example: Are bike lanes being used, are healthy food options being taken up?
📈 Phase 7: Evaluate the impact
Is the plan making a difference?
Example: Are people exercising more, eating healthier?
🎉 Phase 8: Evaluate the outcome
Did you achieve the goal?
Example: Has obesity rates decreased in the community?
11:31
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?
12:20
🟪 تجميعات SPHLE 🟪
#Health_Policy_Management_and_Economics
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🔸 What potential issue do you see in the given scenario with three hospitals, each having a specialized
department for cancer that includes a surgical unit, chemotherapy unit, and specialist unit?
⬜️
 Lack of universal coverage
⬜️
 Inadequate universal access
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🟩 Answer:
Inadequate universal access
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🟦 Explanation:
السؤال ناقص ف ممكن يكون الجواب غلط
بس مو Universal Healthcare Coverage
Universal Healthcare Coverage (UHC) means that all people have access to the full range of quality health
services they need, without financial hardship.
12:20
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?
12:47
🟪 تجميعات SPHLE 🟪
#Health_Policy_Management_and_Economics
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🔸 In 2017, Saudi Arabia amended the insurance policy. What is the name of the change?
⬜️
 ?
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🟩 Answer:
The change in Saudi Arabia's health insurance policy in 2017 is called the "Saudi Arabian Mandatory Health
Insurance" or "Dhamani" in Arabic.
12:47
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12:48
#Health_Policy_Management_and_Economics
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🔸 In 2017, Saudi Arabia amended the insurance policy with a change known as the "Compulsory Vehicle
Insurance" or "Motor Vehicle Insurance" policy. What were the changes made to this policy?
⬜️
 ?
➖➖➖
🟩 Answer:
High quality health care with low price.
12:49
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13:00
#Health_Policy_Management_and_Economics
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🔸 Some people developed a promotional program plan that included a problem definition, statements, content,
and advertising strategies, but the manager rejected it because it lacked a crucial component. What was the
missing element in the plan?
⬜️
 Monitoring and Evaluation
⬜️
 Resources and Budget
➖➖➖
🟩 Answer:
Resources and Budget
13:00
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13:02
#Health_Policy_Management_and_Economics
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🔸A group of employees s

Summary :