Summarize the following speech in around 200 words. Call and third I was expected to take them understanding of American Immigration history be different if we listen to these millions of unnamed immigrants rather than looking front page of the papers and the headlines where we may see incredibly positive news of immigrant entrepreneurs and scientists and CEOs Macy some very troubling news about immigrants of commit crimes or terrorism way from the outline to make it to the front pages and instead just look at the records of the millions of unnamed humans so in order to do this we need to build big data we need to be able to follow immigant families upon a recent arrival in the US over many decades of their careers and into the second generation with their children and I will present to you some of the modern data but you really that surprised to know that it's possible in the modern world to put together these kinds of rest after all we're living in that era but what might be more surprise day is how is it possible to put together these records for the past and speaking here at Notre Dame good lucky to have a professor buckles somewhere in the there she is so perhaps you guys have had some experience in Professor Bob's class and no that it is indeed possible to put together such historical writers but Ron and I were really present from the very beginning of this revolution of using sense of data to create historical images this would be a manuscript page from the historical census that was handwritten and that was and now available in PDF form so it is very hard to understand how you can go from such a historical record to a modern data set with millions of languages I don't know if anyone here has searched for their own family on ancestry.com many of you are like in your early 20s the movie you haven't but I don't know if anyone in the back has searched for their family and genealogy on Ancestry so you may know if you've done that but it's possible to look up your own grandparents you're a great uncles are great grandparents on Campbell street and so Ron and I thought try to do that for a hundred families why not just why ours why not look up a couple hundred and then just look up a couple thousand families on Ancestry and then we got a little bit for me and he said program a script to Ping ancestry once a second to look up a different family and by doing so we can put together the records for let's say 20 or $30,000 do that 15 years ago until we received a cease and desist phone call from the ancestry lawyer saying I think this is a little bit beyond the term of service look we're not trying to steal your data we're just academics interested in however families are doing and since that time ancestry has developed research Partnerships with Scott so what they provide for us is the digitized version of the types of manuscripts that you see here and those records were digitized by volunteers around the country primarily from the church of Latter-day Saints from the Mormon church and so you can see here in this image they're about to get to their billionth record and that logo to have the data in digital form but then how do you link a family over multiple senses. we don't have a Social Security number so we don't know who too with a unique identifier and what we do is we link by first name last name age and state or country of birth with an automated linkage we are working right now I'll probably get to dinner about extensions to a consider things like spouse with me and parents maintenance and so on in this kind of an automated approach and so in doing so we've been able to put together records for millions of 

1910 and 20 census and he never moved up the economic level you always lived as a small-scale Cavalier and shopkeeper buying things and selling them for an extra Penny or two to try to support his kids and adopt all of his kids had to work after school to try to help with them but the second generation the children of immigrants my grandfather's generation did move up with the older kids and moving into low-level White Collar office jobs bookkeepers stenographers and then the second and last in The Descendants last and last in the birth order my grandfather and his younger brother moving into the profession going to City College and working as a doctor everywhere this is the story about a silent it's not a story of your extra riches it's a story of first generation very very smoothly moving up if at all and children achieving our mobility and that is the story of immigration today as well so the book is organized around reassessing and oftentimes busting some of these myths that we share about immigration and I won't have time to go over all of them with you today but let me and then I'm going to talk to of them is it really true that we are in the midst of an unprecedented flood of immigration today this is a big man to bus the answer is no you had just as much of abrasion as a share of the population during the Ellis Island period and for 50 years during Ellis Island period that we have to and this is not required going to fancy dictator this is something we can directly assess your sentences is it really true that the Ellis Island generation grows quickly from rags to riches and immigrants today are not a successful no the Ellis Island generation also was very slow to move up where I really want to focus our attention today is on the third minute is it the case that immigrant found these and their children are stuck in a permanent underclass today and the answer here is also no there's just as much Social Mobility today I don't like in the past and finally the immigrants not try these days to become American to culturally look amazing to learn English and to join American society in various ways and again we find as many of the memories of people together but the answer here is no as well so the upshot of the book is that the American dream is just as alive today as it was under a year ago but that the streams always taken time it always takes more than just the first generation today if I'm going to talk about the first minute because a little set the stage but how many immigrants do we have and how is that changed their time and then I'll spend time on the third one about the children of immigrants at the end I want to offer some thoughts about one of these facts mean for the immigration policies so let's dive in the first minute and like I said this is one that's very easy to bust with data that you can really download today from Advocate senses record are we in the midst of an unprecedented blood of immigration well all the way to the right hand side of this picture you might think that the answer is yes starting an 1850 which is the first year that the census asked about birthplace and going all the way forward to today so if you are looking only at the last date point you say wow 14% of the population that's one and seven people that I'll meet in this country that's 44 million people that's a lot of people and it's far more than 20 years ago or 40 years ago or 60 years ago so essentially everyone who's in this room today everyone who's alive in the country today lived during a childhood where the sheriff born with lower than it is now so perhaps it's not that surprising that people feel like against southern and eastern europeans. Reopens theborder, has global quota. Impacts the immigration policy today. people in the past immigrants were legal. Now there were undocumented. Zhildren of immigrants at the 25 percentile of the income distribution.  Modern:  based on our census Lincoln algorithms but for theFile your taxes and most of the people here haven't filed taxes yet but you've been filed four when you file yourself a child living at home use my child as a tax-dependent and you write down your child social security number and then God willing your child grows up goes into the labor market and file for own taxes under the same that's the linkage that we thought we can make for that opportunity insights can make between their parents okay so what we have on the next slide are aggregate but the IRS has provided for us we do not have any of the individual Micro Data for the modern period yet and so when we start to talk about mechanisms how is it that these kinds of patterns emerge we have a little bit less to say about the modern data than we do about the historical days so what we're going to see on the next slide is basically everything that the IRS provided to us let me talk you through it because it is a complicated graph with a lot of those dots and a lot of little names that you probably can't even read remember everyone in this image was raised at the 25th percentile of the income distribution now the x-axis down at the bottom is telling us we're on average disease kids sit in an even distribution when they grow up it ranges between the 25th and the 7th so none of these dots on average since 25th on average it's erasing at the bottom you do move up but what I want to focus on is the country of origin of parents so let's start with kids for being raised by someone who's born in the US that is going to be the magenta Dot all the way over here on the left hand bottom part of the picture can you guys see it even stack the deck further this is just the children and white dress if we included all Races then the dot would be so children of white dress for parents racist well for 42% countries that we have access to the IRS was able to release these to us for 42 sending countries those children are shifted to the right meaning that they achieve a higher position in adulthood than the children of what US born on average children of immigrants raise of the 25th achieve the 50 First person in adult and interestingly this is true even of children's parents come from very important countries countries that are very much in the policy discussion today because these are countries that are continuing to send my medicine so important so if you can see in the middle here we have Guatemala El Salvador and Nicaragua little further down Dominican Republic Mexico and so on and so even parents coming from poor countries with themselves are at the bottom of they can distribution have children who move up there are some interesting out by our countries on both ends we have some countries where the kids are basically the 25th and they do read Mark really well I'm reaching 60 of them more and countries Hong Kong China India Taiwan Pakistan Vietnam those are the countries in order from the right on down and then we also have three where the children are doing a little worse than white us born Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica quite notable for that because these are three majority black countries or plurality black in the case of turning down tobacco in Korean and so we wanted to understand is this really just a race story but there's two reasons why we think that's not the case one is little hyperlink inside powder is not true for daughters children but really this isn't about immigrant sons if you see the title at the top immigrant sons. Nigeria sons from nigeria are in the middle of the pack. 
LSI immigration

Political issue of immigration. Polarization of immigrant subjects. Immigrant incarceration