Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            
 
drought can occur in areas that normally enjoy adequate rainfall and moisture levels. In 
the broadest sense, any lack of water for the normal needs of agriculture, livestock, 
industry, or human population may be termed a drought.  
(The cause may be lack of supply, contamination of supply, inadequate storage or 
conveyance facilities, or abnormal demand). 
Natural Preconditions for Drought Disasters 
 
. The following are conditions that lead to drought: 
 
• Widespread and persistent atmospheric calm areas known as subsidence. 
• Localized subsidence induced by mountain barriers or other physiographic 
features. 
• 
Absence of rainmaking disturbances causes dry 
weather even in areas of moist air. 
• 
Absence of humid airstreams.  
 
 
57 
 
 
 
 
Impact of Droughts on Built and Natural 
Environments 
Primary (Immediate) Effects 
• Water supplies are overtaxed and finally dry up 
• Loss of crops 
• Loss of livestock and other animals, and 
• Loss of water for hygienic use and drinking. 
 
Secondary (Resulting) Effects of Drought 
• Migration in search of better grazing lands 
• Famine 
• Permanent changes of settlement, social, and living 
patterns. 
• Major ecological changes (scrub growth, flash 
flooding and 
increased wind erosion of soils) 
• Desertification. 
 
Epidemic 
Definition: 
An epidemic is the occurrence of a number of cases of a disease in excess of the 
usual occurrence for a given place and time. 
A threatened (or potential) epidemic is said to exist when the circumstances are 
such that the epidemic occurrence of a specific disease may reasonably be 
anticipated. 
The spread of infectious disease depends upon  
58 
 
 
 
• preexisting levels of the disease, 
• ecological changes resulting from disaster, 
• population displacement, 
• changes in the density of population,  
• disruption of 
public utilities,  
• interruption of basic public health services,  
• compromising the sanitation and hygiene 
Impact: 
Displaced populations suffer high rate of disease due to stress of migration, 
crowding, and unsanitary conditions of relocation sites. Morbidity and mortality 
can result from diarrheal diseases, respiratory diseases, and malnutrition. Mortality 
exceeding a baseline of one death per 10,000 people per day is the index of 
concern. 
An epidemic or threatened epidemic can become an emergency when the following 
characteristics of the events are present 
❖ Risk of introduction to and spread of the disease in the 
population; 
❖ Large number of cases may reasonably be expected to 
 
 
 
occur  
❖ Disease involved is of such severity as to lead to serious disability or death 
❖ Risk of social or economic disruption resulting from the presence of the disease; 
❖ Authorities are unable to cope adequately with the situation due to insufficient 
technical or professional, organizational experiences, and necessary supplies or 
equipment (eg. Drugs, vaccines, laboratory diagnostic materials, vector control 
materials, etc.); 


            Quiz: