请对论文第二章进行综合性评价：Chapter 2 Cultural Hegemony
 The hegemonic position of a social group is manifested in two aspects: "political dominance" 
and "cultural leadership," with cultural leadership playing a more fundamental role than political 
dominance.
2.1 The Concept of Cultural Hegemony
The theory of cultural hegemony was proposed by the ideological school scholar Gramsci in his 
"Prison Notes". Gramsci regards "hegemony" as the ability of the ruling class to exercise social and 
cultural dominance in order to maintain its own interests during a certain historical period. The means 
of achieving "hegemony" are not high-pressure policies of "coercive devices", but rely on ideological 
"hegemonic devices" to make the dominated class aware of the existing structure and social relationships and subordinate consciousness .The mass media based on private ownership is one of 
the most important hegemonic devices, depicting the special interests of the ruling class as common 
interests through daily news, advertising, public relations, etc., that is, social consensus.
Gramsci believes that the task of studying communication studies is to reveal the "false 
consensus" that conceals dominant relationships, awakens audience awareness, and calls for social 
change. Gramsci believes that at a certain historical stage, the dominant class, in order to ensure their 
social and cultural leadership, used hegemony as a means to persuade the ruled class to accept his 
moral, political, and cultural values.(Luo Hong and Xu Hui 5) He pointed out that the cultural 
mechanisms in the Western world, through the dissemination of a large number of white cultural 
symbols and their significance, unified people of different classes, races, and gender into the 
understanding of "white superiority."
2.2 The Export of White Culture Under Cultural Hegemony
In the United States, there is essentially an inequality in the racial oppression of blacks by the 
white ruling class through political power. White Americans claim that the native language of blacks 
is rough, incoherent, laborious to speak, and inarticulate. In contrast, as a white language, English is 
an elegant and refined language, and white people claim that English can enable people from non 
English speaking countries to surpass their ignorant compatriots and give them civilized dignity. (Li 
Quan wen 3)At the same time, the American educational system regards the mainstream culture of 
whites as the only orthodox and advanced culture, gradually forcing blacks to accept the values, 
outlook on life, and aesthetic values of whites, thereby abandoning their own culture. (Li Li li 5)
2.3 Manifestation of Cultural Hegemony
 The influence of white people on black people has penetrated into their daily lives. To overcome 
this spiritual dilemma, black people need to start changing from small things in their daily lives.2.3.1 Set Standard of Beauty
The white class mainly promoted white skin beauty, black skin ugliness, and blond hair and 
blue eyes as symbols of beauty through mass media, school education, and other means to influence 
the ideological consciousness of black people. In movies, they vigorously promoted Christmas dolls 
with blonde hair and blue eyes, calling them the most precious gifts. At that time, in American society, 
every billboard, magazine, and newspaper would display the most beautiful white skin, blue eyes, 
and black skin ugliness, By influencing the thoughts of black people in this way, they become 
disgusted with themselves and their black companions.
2.3.2 White Idealized Family
Americans do not emphasize the core values of the family and children, but rather pay more 
attention to the balance between family values and parents' own values. In the past, families 
emphasized that parents' values should be realized through dedication to the family and taking care 
of children. However, soon after, middle-class white women began to deny that the family is the full 
meaning of women, and women should have the right to receive a complete education. The idealized 
family exhibited by white people is the harmonious coexistence among family members, happiness 
and contentment in life, clean and tidy houses, and people living happily in this family environment.