validate and output only the wrong ones.
[{"question":"A 55-year-old patient presents with a unilateral loss of vision and a lesion is detected in the optic chiasm. Which of the following structures is most likely to be involved in this case?","options":["Optic nerve","Optic tract","Lateral geniculate body","Optic radiation"],"answer":"Optic tract"},{"question":"A 32-year-old woman presents with a history of difficulty swallowing and hoarseness. Examination reveals a lesion at the level of the cricothyroid joint. Which structure is most likely affected?","options":["Vagus nerve","Recurrent laryngeal nerve","Glossopharyngeal nerve","External laryngeal nerve"],"answer":"External laryngeal nerve"},{"question":"A 60-year-old man presents with difficulty walking, uncoordinated movements, and a positive Romberg test. MRI reveals a lesion in the posterior columns of the spinal cord. Which part of the spinal cord is primarily responsible for proprioception and fine touch?","options":["Dorsal horn","Lateral corticospinal tract","Fasciculus gracilis","Fasciculus cuneatus"],"answer":"Fasciculus gracilis"},{"question":"A 25-year-old man suffers a stab wound in the upper thorax near the sternal angle. Which structure is most likely to be injured first in this region?","options":["Left brachiocephalic vein","Aortic arch","Right mainstem bronchus","Pulmonary trunk"],"answer":"Aortic arch"},{"question":"A patient presents with pain and weakness in the forearm and difficulty making a fist. This is associated with the loss of flexion at the second and third fingers. Which structure is most likely to be damaged?","options":["Median nerve","Radial nerve","Ulnar nerve","Musculocutaneous nerve"],"answer":"Median nerve"},{"question":"A 45-year-old male presents with a swollen, painful mass in the anterior neck and difficulty swallowing. CT scan reveals a lesion at the level of the thyroid cartilage. Which anatomical structure is most likely to be implicated in this case?","options":["Thyroid gland","Laryngeal cartilages","Cervical vertebrae","Trachea"],"answer":"Thyroid gland"},{"question":"A 30-year-old woman with a history of chronic neck pain presents with an inability to elevate her left shoulder. On examination, there is wasting of the left trapezius muscle. Which nerve is most likely involved?","options":["Accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)","Dorsal scapular nerve","Suprascapular nerve","Long thoracic nerve"],"answer":"Accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)"},{"question":"A 40-year-old male presents with difficulty with fine motor movements of his right hand. MRI reveals a lesion in the region of the precentral gyrus. Which part of the body is most likely to be affected by this lesion?","options":["Right leg","Right face","Left leg","Left hand"],"answer":"Left hand"},{"question":"A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with sudden onset of right-sided weakness. MRI reveals a lesion in the internal capsule. Which of the following functions is most likely impaired?","options":["Speech","Sensation in the face","Motor control of the left leg","Motor control of the right arm"],"answer":"Motor control of the right arm"},{"question":"A patient presents with loss of sensation and motor function in the lower extremities after a traumatic injury. MRI shows damage to the conus medullaris. Which segment of the spinal cord is most affected in this condition?","options":["Thoracic","Lumbar","Cervical","Sacral"],"answer":"Sacral"},{"question":"A 25-year-old male presents with an inability to abduct his arm above 90 degrees. The patient also has weakness in shoulder external rotation. Which muscle is most likely to be affected?","options":["Supraspinatus","Infraspinatus","Teres minor","Subscapularis"],"answer":"Supraspinatus"},{"question":"A 70-year-old male complains of loss of sensation on the anterior surface of his thigh. He also experiences difficulty extending his knee. Which nerve is most likely injured in this case?","options":["Femoral nerve","Obturator nerve","Sciatic nerve","Common peroneal nerve"],"answer":"Femoral nerve"},{"question":"A 45-year-old woman presents with a persistent headache and bilateral visual disturbances. MRI reveals a tumor at the pituitary gland. Which of the following anatomical structures is most likely compressed?","options":["Optic chiasm","Cranial nerve III","Lateral geniculate body","Hypothalamus"],"answer":"Optic chiasm"},{"question":"A 30-year-old male presents with pain in the medial aspect of the elbow after repetitive throwing motions. Which structure is most likely to be damaged?","options":["Medial collateral ligament","Radial collateral ligament","Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon","Brachioradialis muscle"],"answer":"Medial collateral ligament"},{"question":"A 40-year-old woman with a history of severe lower back pain presents with bilateral leg weakness and urinary retention. MRI reveals a lesion at the L2-L3 level. Which of the following is most likely to be affected by the lesion?","options":["Lower limb motor function","Lumbosacral plexus","Autonomic control of the bladder","Sensation in the lower abdomen"],"answer":"Lower limb motor function"},{"question":"A patient with a history of chest trauma presents with difficulty breathing and decreased breath sounds on the left side. X-ray shows a collapsed left lung. Which anatomical structure is most likely to be damaged in this case?","options":["Left lung","Left pleura","Left mainstem bronchus","Diaphragm"],"answer":"Left lung"},{"question":"A 55-year-old woman presents with a swelling in the lateral aspect of the neck and difficulty swallowing. CT imaging reveals a tumor involving the parotid gland. Which cranial nerve is most likely involved in this pathology?","options":["Facial nerve (Cranial nerve VII)","Glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial nerve IX)","Vagus nerve (Cranial nerve X)","Accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)"],"answer":"Facial nerve (Cranial nerve VII)"},{"question":"A 30-year-old man presents with weakness and atrophy of the muscles of the hand. Physical examination reveals a claw hand deformity. Which nerve is most likely involved in this case?","options":["Ulnar nerve","Median nerve","Radial nerve","Musculocutaneous nerve"],"answer":"Ulnar nerve"},{"question":"A 40-year-old woman presents with loss of sensation in the lateral aspect of her forearm and difficulty with wrist flexion. Which nerve is most likely affected?","options":["Radial nerve","Median nerve","Ulnar nerve","Musculocutaneous nerve"],"answer":"Musculocutaneous nerve"},{"question":"A 28-year-old man presents with sudden, severe pain in the groin following a fall. On examination, there is weakness in hip flexion and adduction. Which of the following muscles is most likely affected?","options":["Iliopsoas muscle","Adductor longus","Rectus femoris","Gracilis"],"answer":"Iliopsoas muscle"},{"question":"A patient presents with loss of sensation in the medial side of the leg, foot drop, and difficulty with dorsiflexion. Which nerve is most likely to be compressed or damaged in this case?","options":["Common peroneal nerve","Tibial nerve","Femoral nerve","Obturator nerve"],"answer":"Common peroneal nerve"},{"question":"A 62-year-old male presents with pain and weakness in the right shoulder. On physical examination, there is a positive drop arm test. Which of the following muscles is most likely to be injured?","options":["Supraspinatus","Infraspinatus","Teres minor","Subscapularis"],"answer":"Supraspinatus"},{"question":"A 40-year-old woman presents with difficulty extending her fingers after a traumatic injury to the forearm. Which nerve is most likely injured in this case?","options":["Radial nerve","Median nerve","Ulnar nerve","Musculocutaneous nerve"],"answer":"Radial nerve"},{"question":"A 48-year-old man presents with pain and swelling in the popliteal fossa. On examination, there is a palpable mass. Which structure is most likely to be involved in this clinical presentation?","options":["Popliteal artery","Tibial nerve","Baker's cyst","Femoral vein"],"answer":"Baker's cyst"},{"question":"A 70-year-old woman presents with a history of progressive difficulty in climbing stairs and walking, with wasting of the thigh muscles. A physical exam reveals a positive Trendelenburg sign. Which nerve is most likely involved?","options":["Superior gluteal nerve","Inferior gluteal nerve","Femoral nerve","Sciatic nerve"],"answer":"Superior gluteal nerve"},{"question":"A 22-year-old male presents with difficulty in speaking, swallowing, and maintaining his posture. MRI reveals a lesion at the level of the foramen magnum. Which cranial nerve is most likely involved?","options":["Glossopharyngeal nerve","Vagus nerve","Accessory nerve","Hypoglossal nerve"],"answer":"Accessory nerve"},{"question":"A 50-year-old male complains of difficulty in chewing and loss of sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. On examination, the masseter and temporalis muscles are weakened. Which nerve is most likely affected?","options":["Trigeminal nerve (CN V)","Facial nerve (CN VII)","Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)","Vagus nerve (CN X)"],"answer":"Trigeminal nerve (CN V)"},{"question":"A 30-year-old woman presents with diminished sensation over the lateral aspect of the thigh. On examination, the area of numbness corresponds to the distribution of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh. Which anatomical structure is most likely compressed in this case?","options":["Inguinal ligament","Femoral nerve","Sciatic nerve","Obturator nerve"],"answer":"Inguinal ligament"},{"question":"A 28-year-old woman presents with loss of sensation on the dorsum of the foot and difficulty dorsiflexing the ankle. Which nerve is most likely injured in this case?","options":["Common peroneal nerve","Tibial nerve","Saphenous nerve","Femoral nerve"],"answer":"Common peroneal nerve"},{"question":"A 45-year-old male presents with a swelling in the neck and difficulty swallowing. On examination, there is a pulsatile mass in the midline of the neck. Which structure is most likely involved?","options":["Thyroid gland","Carotid artery","Jugular vein","Trachea"],"answer":"Thyroid gland"},{"question":"A 30-year-old man presents with difficulty walking, weakness, and a foot drop following a hip dislocation. Which nerve is most likely to be damaged in this case?","options":["Sciatic nerve","Femoral nerve","Obturator nerve","Common peroneal nerve"],"answer":"Sciatic nerve"},{"question":"A 60-year-old man presents with severe pain in the lower back radiating to the posterior thigh and calf. MRI shows a herniated disc at the L4-L5 level. Which nerve root is most likely affected in this case?","options":["L4","L5","S1","S2"],"answer":"L5"},{"question":"A 25-year-old male presents with difficulty in abducting the shoulder. Physical examination reveals weakness in shoulder abduction. Which muscle is most likely to be affected?","options":["Deltoid muscle","Supraspinatus","Infraspinatus","Teres minor"],"answer":"Deltoid muscle"},{"question":"A 65-year-old male presents with difficulty swallowing and hoarseness after a traumatic neck injury. Physical exam reveals paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle. Which nerve is most likely involved?","options":["External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve","Recurrent laryngeal nerve","Vagus nerve","Glossopharyngeal nerve"],"answer":"External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve"},{"question":"A 30-year-old male presents with a painful swollen wrist after falling onto an outstretched hand. X-ray reveals a fracture of the distal radius. Which nerve may be injured due to this injury?","options":["Median nerve","Radial nerve","Ulnar nerve","Musculocutaneous nerve"],"answer":"Median nerve"},{"question":"A 50-year-old male presents with progressive weakness of the lower limbs and loss of coordination. MRI reveals a lesion involving the spinocerebellar tract. Which part of the spinal cord is most affected in this case?","options":["Anterior horn","Posterior column","Lateral corticospinal tract","Lateral spinocerebellar tract"],"answer":"Lateral spinocerebellar tract"},{"question":"A 28-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus presents with numbness in the feet and difficulty with toe-walking. Electromyography (EMG) reveals a loss of proprioception. Which nerve is most likely affected?","options":["Tibial nerve","Peroneal nerve","Femoral nerve","Obturator nerve"],"answer":"Tibial nerve"},{"question":"A 55-year-old male presents with symptoms of claudication and absent pulses in the popliteal artery. Which of the following is most likely to be the cause of his symptoms?","options":["Atherosclerosis of the femoral artery","Deep vein thrombosis","Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome","Peripheral neuropathy"],"answer":"Atherosclerosis of the femoral artery"},{"question":"A 70-year-old female presents with dysphagia, hoarseness, and weakness in the left side of the face. CT scan reveals a tumor at the junction of the jugular foramen. Which cranial nerve is most likely involved?","options":["Vagus nerve (CN X)","Facial nerve (CN VII)","Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)","Accessory nerve (CN XI)"],"answer":"Vagus nerve (CN X)"},{"question":"A 25-year-old male presents with difficulty extending his knee and loss of sensation over the anterior thigh. On examination, his patellar reflex is absent. Which nerve is most likely affected?","options":["Femoral nerve","Obturator nerve","Sciatic nerve","Tibial nerve"],"answer":"Femoral nerve"},{"question":"A 42-year-old male presents with difficulty with flexion of the forearm and is unable to perform a biceps reflex. Which nerve root is most likely involved in this case?","options":["C5","C6","C7","C8"],"answer":"C6"},{"question":"A 60-year-old man presents with acute pain and swelling in the knee after a fall. On examination, there is a positive Lachman test. Which structure is most likely injured?","options":["Anterior cruciate ligament","Posterior cruciate ligament","Medial collateral ligament","Lateral meniscus"],"answer":"Anterior cruciate ligament"},{"question":"A 35-year-old female presents with decreased sensation in the lateral aspect of her thigh and difficulty with hip flexion. Which nerve is most likely affected in this case?","options":["Femoral nerve","Obturator nerve","Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh","Sciatic nerve"],"answer":"Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh"},{"question":"A 50-year-old man presents with progressive difficulty breathing. Chest X-ray reveals an enlarged right atrium and right ventricle. Which structure is most likely compressed by this enlargement?","options":["Right mainstem bronchus","Left mainstem bronchus","Trachea","Esophagus"],"answer":"Right mainstem bronchus"},{"question":"A 28-year-old woman presents with pain and swelling over the medial aspect of the knee after a sporting injury. MRI reveals damage to the medial collateral ligament. Which muscle group is most likely weakened as a result?","options":["Quadriceps","Hamstrings","Gastrocnemius","Tibialis anterior"],"answer":"Quadriceps"},{"question":"A 55-year-old male with a history of heart disease presents with chest pain radiating to the left arm. His ECG is normal, but he has tenderness over the left clavicle. Which structure is most likely involved in this clinical presentation?","options":["Subclavian artery","Brachial plexus","Thoracic duct","Internal thoracic artery"],"answer":"Subclavian artery"}]