You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-24-03710}
===============

Black chokeberry (*Aronia melanocarpa* L.) is a perennial shrub of the *Rosaceae* family. The chokeberry plant is native to eastern parts of North America, but it was introduced in Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century. The usable parts of chokeberry are mainly fruits \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\]. There are many cultivated chokeberry varieties: 'Viking', 'Nero', 'Galicjanka', 'Hugin', 'N', 'Rubin', 'Aron' and others \[[@B2-molecules-24-03710],[@B3-molecules-24-03710],[@B4-molecules-24-03710],[@B5-molecules-24-03710]\]. Fresh, unprocessed chokeberry fruits are rarely consumed due to their astringent taste, but they are used in the food industry for the production of juices, nectars, syrups, jams, preserves, wines, tinctures, fruit desserts, jellies, fruit teas and dietary supplements \[[@B6-molecules-24-03710]\]. Chokeberry anthocyanins can be added to foods as natural dyes \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710],[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\]. The following paper provides a synthetic and systematic review of the current literature on the subject of selected antioxidative and bioactive compounds found in black chokeberry. The study involved a comparative analysis of the concentration of selected compounds in black chokeberry *Aronia melanocarpa* L. fruits, products and isolated compounds. The study involved a comparison of phenolics composition, e.g., anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of chokeberry fruits and products by mean of various assays had been reviewed. The latest findings in the subject have not been studied so far. The review's findings may be crucial in future research concerning chokeberry based functional food products, a promising component of designed food with enhanced antioxidant potential.

2. Botanical and Chemical Characteristics {#sec2-molecules-24-03710}
=========================================

Chokeberry is a shrub which may grow as high as three meters. Young bushes are compact, whereas mature ones resemble a sprawling tree. Leaves covering branches are oval. They are green in the spring and summer, but in the autumn they become reddish brown. Fruits in clusters reach maturity in late August and September. Mature chokeberry fruits are black and blue from the outside and on the cross section. Fruits are spherical. Depending on the variety, their diameter ranges from 6.1 to 17.8 mm, whereas the weight of 100 fruits ranges from 32 to 111.7 g, sometimes even to about 280 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\].

The composition and health value of chokeberry fruit depends on many factors, e.g., variety, maturity, environmental and climatic conditions \[[@B9-molecules-24-03710],[@B10-molecules-24-03710]\]. The dry weight of chokeberry fruit, juice and pomace analysed by Mayer-Miebach, Adamiuk, and Behsnilian \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\] was respectively 17.9--26%, 11.1--17.4% and 44.6--50%. Ochmian et al. \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710],[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\] found that chokeberry fruits contained 15.3--19.5% of dry matter, including 14.2--18.7% of soluble substances. Skupień and Oszmiański \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\] found high content of dry matter in fruit, i.e., 26.67--30.76%. The amount of protein in the fruit was low and amounted to 3.7 g/100 g DM (dry matter) of fruit \[[@B14-molecules-24-03710]\]. Arginine, tyrosine, histidine, lysine, cysteine, α-alanine, asparagine, serine, glutamic acid and threonine are some of the amino acids in chokeberry. Most amino acids, including essential ones, were found in pomace. Their total weight amounted to 28.9 g/kg DM \[[@B15-molecules-24-03710],[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\]. The total lipid content in fresh chokeberry fruit was 0.09--0.17% \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710],[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\]. The largest amounts were found in stones and skin fractions, i.e., 13.9% and 2.9--9.8%, respectively \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\]. The content of lipids in chokeberry pomace amounted to 5.5 g/100 g, including 65.0% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The pomace chiefly contained linoleic and oleic acids. Chokeberry seed oil contains sterols and phospholipids \[[@B20-molecules-24-03710],[@B21-molecules-24-03710]\]. Sugars and dietary fibre are chokeberry carbohydrates. Studies have shown that the total content of carbohydrates in fresh fruits ranges from 6.21 to 20.92 g/100, total reducing sugars from 5.71 to 19.36 g/100 g, including fructose 1.38--4.71 g/100 g and glucose 1.09--5.70 g/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710],[@B11-molecules-24-03710],[@B13-molecules-24-03710],[@B22-molecules-24-03710],[@B23-molecules-24-03710],[@B24-molecules-24-03710]\]. The content of sucrose ranges from 0 to 1.53 g/100 g of fruit. Chokeberry products and fruit contain relatively large amounts of sorbitol, i.e., 8.56 g/100 g of fruit. Chokeberry pomace, which consists of peels, stones and internal fruit cell structures, is a rich source of dietary fibre, which amounts to about 70% of dry matter.

More than 60% of chokeberry dietary fibre is composed of insoluble fraction (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) \[[@B25-molecules-24-03710],[@B26-molecules-24-03710],[@B27-molecules-24-03710]\]. Chokeberries also contain vitamin B, carotenoids, tocopherols, vitamin C and vitamin K \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710],[@B21-molecules-24-03710],[@B28-molecules-24-03710]\]. Ash amounts to 6.8 g/100 g DM in chokeberry fruit. Chokeberries also contain macroelements (K, Ca, P, Mg and Na), essential trace elements (Zn, Fe, Se, Cu, Mo, Cr), trace elements that are probably essential (Mn, Si, Ni, B, V) and toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Hg, As). Chokeberry fruit and products are potentially rich sources of K, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe and Zn \[[@B14-molecules-24-03710],[@B25-molecules-24-03710],[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]. [Table 1](#molecules-24-03710-t001){ref-type="table"} shows detailed data on the composition of chokeberry fruit and products.

3. Polyphenol Components {#sec3-molecules-24-03710}
========================

Polyphenols are biofactors that determine the high bioactivity of black chokeberries. Chokeberry fruits are some of the richest sources of polyphenols, which include anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710],[@B50-molecules-24-03710],[@B51-molecules-24-03710],[@B52-molecules-24-03710]\]. Various authors found the following content of polyphenols in chokeberry fruit: 7849 mg/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\]; 6351,38 mg/100 g DM \[[@B54-molecules-24-03710]\]; 37,600 mg/kg DM \[[@B55-molecules-24-03710]\]; 1079--2996 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents/100 g fresh mass \[[@B56-molecules-24-03710]\]; 819--1330 mg GAE/100 g FW (fresh weight) \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\]; 778--1285 g GAE/kg FW \[[@B3-molecules-24-03710]\]. Chokeberry products and waste are also rich in polyphenols \[[@B5-molecules-24-03710],[@B7-molecules-24-03710],[@B11-molecules-24-03710],[@B34-molecules-24-03710],[@B57-molecules-24-03710],[@B58-molecules-24-03710]\]. The dark blue colour of chokeberry fruit is caused by the high concentration of anthocyanins, which include cyanidine 3-glucoside, 3-galactoside, 3-xyloside and 3-arabinoside. A small proportion of anthocyanins is attributed to pelargonidine-3-galactoside and pelargonidine-3-arabinoside \[[@B46-molecules-24-03710],[@B59-molecules-24-03710],[@B60-molecules-24-03710]\]. Chokeberry flavonols are a diverse group of compounds, which mainly consist of quercetin derivatives. The main quercetin derivatives in chokeberries are: quercetin-3-glucoside, 3-galactoside, 3-rutinoside, 3-robinobioside and 3-vicianoside. Chokeberry fruit also contain flavonols in the form of isorhamnetin 3-galactoside, 3-glucoside, 3-neohesperidoside and 3-rutinoside; myricetin and kaempherol 3-galactoside and 3-glucoside \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710],[@B62-molecules-24-03710],[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\]. The degree of proanthocyanidin polymerisation is a characteristic feature of chokeberries. Proanthocyanidins are composed of (−)-epicatechin and trace amounts of (+)-catechin, which may occur only at the end of a molecular chain of proanthocyanidins. Individual subunits are linked by C4 → C6 and C4 → C8 bonds \[[@B64-molecules-24-03710],[@B65-molecules-24-03710],[@B66-molecules-24-03710]\].

The degree of proanthocyanidin polymerisation is DP \> 10, which translates to the mean procyanidin polymerisation degree (mDP). The mDP of proanthocyanidin in fruits was 19--59; in juice it was 12--52 and in pomace it was 18--34 \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710],[@B13-molecules-24-03710],[@B40-molecules-24-03710],[@B45-molecules-24-03710],[@B53-molecules-24-03710],[@B65-molecules-24-03710]\]. Hellström et al. \[[@B66-molecules-24-03710]\] observed an exceptionally high degree of proanthocyanidin polymerisation in chokeberry juice and extract (mDP \> 100). In chemical terms, proanthocyanidins are oligomers and polymers of flavan-3-ol, linked by B-type and A-type bonds. Therefore, the results of many studies have confirmed that the biological and chemical properties of proanthocyanidins depend on their structure, and in particular the molecular weight also expressed as the degree of polymerisation (DP). Part of (−)-epicatechin in chokeberry fruit has the form of monomers \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710],[@B59-molecules-24-03710],[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], while powders and chokeberry juice epicatechin can be found in combination with cyanidin glycosides \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\].

Chokeberries mostly contain chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids. Other phenolic acids are cryptochlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid and its derivatives, caffeic acid and its derivatives, protocatechuic, vanillic, ferulic, salicylic, syringic, 4-hydroxybenzoic and ellagic acids. Dried juice also contains methyl esters of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and phenylacetic acid derivatives \[[@B68-molecules-24-03710]\]. Gentizinic and synapic acids were identified in chokeberry honey \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\]. There were also reports on the content of eriodictyol 7-glucuronide; 3,7-diglycuronide, 7-xylose and naringenin-7-*O*-glucopyranoside and 7-*O*-β-[d]{.smallcaps}-glucopyranoside-5,7,3′,5′-tetrahydroxyflavanone, as flavanones found in chokeberry fruit and products \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710],[@B39-molecules-24-03710],[@B68-molecules-24-03710],[@B70-molecules-24-03710],[@B71-molecules-24-03710],[@B72-molecules-24-03710]\]. [Table 2](#molecules-24-03710-t002){ref-type="table"} shows the polyphenol composition of chokeberry fruit and products.

4. Antioxidative Activity {#sec4-molecules-24-03710}
=========================

Chokeberry fruits have high antioxidative potential, usually higher than other plant materials tested. The antioxidative activity of chokeberries was confirmed in various radical scavenging assays, the effects of transition metals on changes in the state of oxidation, and the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation in a variety of model systems ([Table 3](#molecules-24-03710-t003){ref-type="table"}). Tarko et al. \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\] studied chokeberries, apples, plums, pears, bananas and melons. They found that chokeberry fruit components were the most active scavengers of the ABTS radical cation. The analysis of blackberry, blackcurrant, chokeberry, raspberry and redcurrant antioxidants (DPPH^•^) indicated a relatively high potential of chokeberries and selected blackcurrant varieties \[[@B120-molecules-24-03710]\]. Nakajima, Tanaka, Seo, Yamazaki, and Saito \[[@B121-molecules-24-03710]\] confirmed the DPPH radical scavenging ability using ethanol extracts of five berries, which were rich in anthocyanins: blackberries, black chokeberries, blackcurrants, bilberries and elderberries. The antioxidative activity of the chokeberry extract at the highest concentration (2 mg/mL) was lower than that of the other extracts, except the elderberry extract. Other studies tested the potential of 26 fruits to scavenge superoxide radicals (ROO^•^) in the ORAC assay. Chokeberry fruits were less active than elderberries and wild roses---their values amounted to 160.8, 205.4 and 201.1 µmol TE/g FW, respectively. The antiradical activity of the other fruits ranged from 2.3 to 98.9 µmol TE/g FW \[[@B36-molecules-24-03710]\]. Wu et al. \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\] evaluated the antioxidative potential of different fruits using ORAC for hydrophilic (H-ORAC) and lipophilic compounds (L-ORAC). Among 15 fruit samples, chokeberries and blackberries exhibited the highest antiradical activity. The H-ORAC values noted for chokeberries were many times greater than the L-ORAC values, i.e., 158.2 and 2.42 µmol TE/g FW, respectively.

The high antioxidative potential of chokeberry fruit was confirmed using ORAC, TRAP, hydroxyl radical (HO^•^) and nitric oxide (NO) assay. The ability of chokeberry extract to scavenge radicals (ROO^•^) in the ORAC assay amounted to 5165 µmol TE/g of the extract and it was only 10.7% lower than that of the elderberry extract. The TRAP assay showed that the ROO^•^ radical was more effectively scavenged by the chokeberry extract (4051 μmol TE/g extract) than the elderberry fruit extract (3230 μmol TE/g extract). The antiradical activity of the chokeberry, black elderberry and bilberry extracts against the hydroxyl radical HO^•^ did not differ significantly (1264--1293 μmol GAE/g extract). The chokeberry extract exhibited high nitrogen oxide (NO) scavenging capacity and inhibited the oxidation of α-linolenic acid \[[@B36-molecules-24-03710]\]. The chokeberry fruits also inhibited liposomal oxidation effectively, exhibiting superior antioxidative properties to blackcurrants, rosehips and hawthorns \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\].

Najda and Łabuda \[[@B73-molecules-24-03710]\] investigated the antioxidative activity of different fruits and found that chokeberry fruits exhibited higher antioxidative activity than the other eight fruits. The activity was measured by determining the ability to reduce Fe in the FRAP assay and to scavenge the DPPH radical. The ABTS cation was effectively scavenged only by the ingredients of 'Titania' blackcurrants. The chokeberry fruit extracts exhibited antioxidative activity in DPPH, hydroxyl (HO•), superoxide anion (O~2~•^−^), and nitric oxide (NO) assay, and inhibited lipid oxidation. The 'Viking' and 'Nero' varieties had the greatest antioxidative potential, whereas the 'Fertödi' and 'Aron' cultivars exhibited the lowest potential \[[@B3-molecules-24-03710]\]. Viskelis et al. \[[@B129-molecules-24-03710]\] compared the antioxidative activity of different fruit varieties of chokeberries, raspberries and elderberries. The chokeberry extracts showed the highest antioxidative potential, where the 'Viking', 'Aron' and 'Cleata' varieties scavenged the DPPH radical comparably.

Apart from chokeberry fruit, fruit products and post-production waste also exhibit the antioxidative potential. The analysis of the antiradical activity of chokeberry fruit, juice and pomace against ABTS^•+^ and DPPH^•^ indicated the highest activity of the pomace, followed by the fruit and juice. The antiradical activity was correlated with the polyphenol content in the analysed material \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\]. The antioxidative potential of fruit juices was tested. The chokeberry juice had the greatest ability to scavenge the DPPH radical (72.44 µmol TE/mL). The elderberry fruit juice exhibited high activity (62.14 µmol TE/mL), while the activity of other juices was at least 50% lower (4--30 µmol TE/mL) \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\]. The ORAC assay confirmed the high antiradical activity of chokeberry juice, which was greater than the activity of 14 other juices \[[@B126-molecules-24-03710]\]. The chokeberry juice concentrate also exhibited the highest antiradical activity, as it scavenged the radicals more effectively than the other fruit juice concentrates \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\].

The chokeberry pomace scavenged DPPH radicals and reduced Fe in the FRAP assay much more than the honeysuckle, Japanese quince, blackcurrant and strawberry pomaces. In comparison with the other pomaces the chokeberry pomace exhibited moderate activity in the ABTS^•+^ assay \[[@B119-molecules-24-03710]\]. According to Pieszka et al. \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\] dried chokeberry pomace exhibited better antioxidative properties (TRAP) than apple, blackcurrant, strawberry and carrot pomaces. Chokeberry groups differ in their antioxidative activity considerably \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\]. Sosnowska et al. \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\] studied the antioxidative activity of juices and observed that the results differed about 5 times in ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays, while chokeberry teas differed 1.1, 1.3, 6.6 and 36.1 times in FRAP, DPPH, reducing power and ABTS assays \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\]. There were also differences in the antioxidative activity of dried chokeberry fruits, powders, capsules, and jams \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710],[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\].

The analysis of the results of studies on chokeberry juice shows that the antioxidative potential of chokeberry products depends on the period and the year of raw material harvesting \[[@B5-molecules-24-03710],[@B41-molecules-24-03710]\]. However, the main factor affecting the antioxidative properties of the products that needs to be considered is the technological production processes. The antioxidative activity is influenced by crushed raw material used for the production of juices and chokeberry powders \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], the method and drying parameters during the production of dried fruit and powder extracts \[[@B58-molecules-24-03710],[@B88-molecules-24-03710]\], as well as the extraction solvent and temperature \[[@B89-molecules-24-03710],[@B125-molecules-24-03710]\]. The antioxidative potential of chokeberry fruit and products is mainly attributed to polyphenols. The activity of individual chokeberry polyphenols: anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids and flavonols was also determined. The major contributor to DPPH radical scavenging values was the anthocyanin fraction (66.7%), followed by the proanthocyanidin fractions (25.1%), flavonols and phenolic acids (8.2% of the total activity) \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710],[@B114-molecules-24-03710]\]. Zheng and Wang \[[@B130-molecules-24-03710]\] assessed the antioxidative activity of chokeberry in the ORAC assay and found that it resulted from anthocyanins (53.1%), phenolic acids (38.2%) and flavonols (8.7%). Proanthocyanidin was not included in the study.

5. Conclusions {#sec5-molecules-24-03710}
==============

Black chokeberry (*Aronia melnocarpa*) is a source of many bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of antioxidant and health-promoting properties. Like other berries, chokeberry is a source of polyphenols, which exhibit the antioxidant potential, demonstrated in numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments. Black chokeberry has the potential to inhibit the activity of various types of radicals, through different mechanisms of action. Fresh, unprocessed black chokeberry fruits are used in the food production, e.g., juices, syrups, wines, preserves, various dietary supplements, and natural dyes. However, they are rarely consumed due to their bitter taste, resulting from the presence of polyphenols. Black chokeberry fruits and flowers are used as traditional remedies based on the health-promoting actions against influenza and immunity enhancer. Numerous studies confirmed the beneficial effects of *Aronia melanocarpa* L. varieties consumption on hypertension, glucose metabolism disorders, dyslipidaemia, proinflammatory conditions, and reducing the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Results also showed the probable potential of black chokeberry to inhibit the development of some types of cancers.

Further research is necessary to understand the interactions with other compounds which may affect the activity of chokeberry components. The antioxidant potential of chokeberry fruit and its products indicates that all fractions could be utilized as a source of antioxidants and valuable nutrients with potential applications in food industry. So far the literature has not provided clear answers to questions concerning the mechanism of interaction between chokeberry components and their stability in complex systems, e.g., in food. Studies conducted to date have indicated numerous benefits resulting from chokeberry and its polyphenolic compounds inclusion in a daily diet. Like other plants and medicinal products of natural origin, chokeberry requires extensive studies on humans to determine its efficacy, safety and mechanisms of action.

A.S., conceptualization, writing and editing and A.G.-M., conceptualization, writing, editing, supervision and funding acquisition.

This research was supported by statutory funds of the Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods of Poznań University of Life Sciences, grant number 506.751.03.00.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

molecules-24-03710-t001_Table 1

###### 

The qualitative composition of fruits, juice and other black chokeberry products.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Components              Fruits                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Juice                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Other Black Chokeberry Products
  ----------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Dry matter              15.30--19.50% \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 17.9--26% \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 26.67--30.76% \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.7% \[[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\], 22.14--23.45% \[[@B24-molecules-24-03710]\], 21.0--26.0% \[[@B30-molecules-24-03710]\], 18.3--23.5 g/100 g FW \[[@B31-molecules-24-03710]\], 18.92--20.14% \[[@B32-molecules-24-03710]\]                     19.22--26.94% \[[@B5-molecules-24-03710]\], 11.1--17.4% \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\],\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          44.6--50% \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 90.21% dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 93.6--94.9% dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 96.86% fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 97.63--98.30% pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 90.44--94.797% powder \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 93.60--93.96% capsules \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 88.32--96.01% fruit tea \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 82.00--84.61% dried berries \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.7% extract \[[@B36-molecules-24-03710]\], 90.8% pomace \[[@B37-molecules-24-03710]\], 108 g/kg nectar \[[@B38-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              15.46--16.87% \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.42--21.54% \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 18.1% \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  Solube solids (ºBrix)   14.20--18.70 \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 16.0 \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 21.7--24.1 \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.9--11.2 \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.2--22.9 \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.5--18.2 g/100 g FW \[[@B39-molecules-24-03710]\], 14.4--15.6 \[[@B32-molecules-24-03710]\],                                                                          18.15--25.61 \[[@B5-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.30--20.99 \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.50--20.10 \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.8--14.3 \[[@B41-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                       26.75--37.53 powder, 31.91--83.71 capsules, 12.17--38.22 fruit tea, 20.93--25.49 dried berries \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Protein                 3.71 g/100 g DM \[[@B14-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.60--0.81 g/100g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.7 g/100g FW \[[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         0.2 g/100 g \[[@B42-molecules-24-03710],[@B43-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              10.77% dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.9--24.1% DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Formol number\          10.0--19.9 (ml 0.1 M NaOH/100 g) \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-
  (total amino acid)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  Fat                     0.09--0.17 g/100g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.14% \[[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \< 0.1 g/100g \[[@B42-molecules-24-03710],[@B43-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            5.15% dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.9--13.9% DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 19.3 g/kg seeds \[[@B21-molecules-24-03710]\]

  SFA                     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               9.51% TFA dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\]

  UFA                     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               90.49% TFA dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\]

  PUFA *n-6*              \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               43.60% TFA dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\]

  PUFA *n-3*              \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               29.97% TFA dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Sterols                 \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1.2 g/kg seed oil \[[@B21-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Phospholipids           \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               2.8 g/kg seed oil \[[@B21-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Carbohydrates           13.73--15.06 g/100g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   17.9 g/100g \[[@B42-molecules-24-03710],[@B43-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \-

  Total dietary fibre     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0.3 g/100g \[[@B42-molecules-24-03710],[@B43-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               21.79% dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 63.5--77.9% DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 72.0% DM fibre \[[@B27-molecules-24-03710]\], 95.8 g/100 g DM pomace \[[@B37-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Soluble fibre           0.81--1.03 g/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               5.4% DM fibre \[[@B27-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Insoluble fibre         4.01--5.25 g/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               66.6% DM fibre \[[@B27-molecules-24-03710]\]

  NDF                     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               34.65% dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 41.9--48.5% fibre \[[@B25-molecules-24-03710]\], 87.48 g/100 g DM pomace \[[@B26-molecules-24-03710]\]

  ADF                     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               35.59% dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 34.6--45.6% fibre \[[@B25-molecules-24-03710]\], 57.24 g/100 g DM pomace \[[@B26-molecules-24-03710]\]

  ADL                     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               17.58% dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Lignin                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               15.0--26.8% fibre \[[@B25-molecules-24-03710]\], 22.68 g/100 g DM pomace \[[@B26-molecules-24-03710]\], 23.03 g/100 g DM pomace \[[@B37-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Cellulose               \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               18.5--25.1% fibre \[[@B25-molecules-24-03710]\], 34.56 g/100 g DM pomace \[[@B26-molecules-24-03710]\], 33.14 g/100 g DM pomace \[[@B37-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Hemicellulose           \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0.81--7.72% fibre \[[@B25-molecules-24-03710]\], 30.24 g/100 g DM pomace \[[@B26-molecules-24-03710]\], 32.08 g/100 g DM pomace \[[@B37-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Total pectins           \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               10.7--14.0% fibre \[[@B25-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.52 g/100 g DM pomace \[[@B37-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Water soluble pectins   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1.00--2.86% fibre \[[@B25-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Total sugars            9.16--13.79 g/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 68--158 g/kg \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 19.32--20.92 g/100 g \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 83.0--111.6 g/kg \[[@B24-molecules-24-03710]\], 44.596--125.851 g/L \[[@B44-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.21--6.91 g/100 g \[[@B32-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                               110--143 g/L \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 85.24--87.31 g/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.0--19.6 g/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 89.49--162.37 g/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 14.84% \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                      46.15 g/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 25.05--31.83 g/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 84 g/kg pomace ^11^, 38.2 g/kg nectar \[[@B38-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Solube sugars           \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0.35% dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Reducing sugars         8.83--12.48 g/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 18.21--19.36 g/100 g \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 23.00 g/100 g DM \[[@B14-molecules-24-03710]\],\                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-
                          71.5--102.4 g/kg \[[@B24-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.8--9.0 mg/100 g \[[@B30-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.71--6.58 g/100 g \[[@B32-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  Sucrose                 ND-1.53 g/100 g \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], ND-0.7 g/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.22--0.48 g/100 g \[[@B32-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5.4--6.8 g/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], ND-3.03 g/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B43-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     0.03--0.43% DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.16 g/L extract \[[@B36-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Glucose                 10.9--40.1 g/kg \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 36.3--57.0 g/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 9.794--18.429 g/L \[[@B44-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       31.7--40.4 g/L \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\],\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   22.8 g/kg pomace \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.39--0.80% DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 14.64 g/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.08--12.55 g/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.29 g/L extract \[[@B36-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              26.15--26.91 g/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.5--3.3 g/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 26.29--42.86 g/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 22.0--34.0 g/kg \[[@B41-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.25 g/100 g \[[@B42-molecules-24-03710],[@B43-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.69% \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                 

  Fructose                13.8--41.6 g/kg \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 26.0--47.1 g/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.828--40.080 g/L \[[@B44-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      30.2--39.1 g/L \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 19.04--19.18 g/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.5--3.3 g/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 27.44--41.18 g/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 22.0--32.0 g/kg \[[@B41-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.87 g/100 g \[[@B42-molecules-24-03710],[@B43-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.15% \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\]   23.6 g/kg pomace \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.48--0.58% DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 10.43 g/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.64--6.73 g/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 9.58 g/L extract \[[@B36-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Sorbitol                43.6--76.1 g/kg \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 46.3--85.6 g/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 20.974--67.342 g/L \[[@B44-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      47.8--63.8 g/L \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 39.29--41.99 g/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.6--6.3 g/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\],\                                                                                                                                                                                                           37.6 g/kg pomace \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.06--2.32% DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\],21.08 g/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.55--13.33 g/100g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 20.1 g/L extract \[[@B36-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              35.77--77.30 g/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 27.4--48.1 g/kg \[[@B41-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.39 g/100 g \[[@B42-molecules-24-03710],[@B43-molecules-24-03710]\], 9.00% \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                         

  pH                      3.36--3.79 \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.3--3.7 \[[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.23--3.57 \[[@B31-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3.77--3.96 \[[@B5-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.54--3.92 \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.5 \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.42--3.72 \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.15--3.45 \[[@B41-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.5 \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                      4.02--4.13 powder \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.31--4.10 capsules \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.01--4.13 fruit tea \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.01--4.28 dried berries \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.3 nectar \[[@B38-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Titratable acidity\     0.75--1.05 g/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.42 g/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.493--0.548 g/100 g \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.7--11.9 g/kg (eq malic acid) \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.9--2.6 g/kg \[[@B24-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.03--1.44 g/100 g FW (eq malic acid) \[[@B31-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.24--1.31 g/100 g \[[@B32-molecules-24-03710]\]   0.89--1.06% \[[@B5-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.29--1.32% \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.85--1.22% \[[@B41-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.89% \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                              0.52--0.58% DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.67--2.30% powder \[[@B46-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.10--4.66% capsules \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.08--1.60% fruit tea \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.13--1.37% dried berries \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.2 g/L extract \[[@B36-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.9 g/kg nectar \[[@B38-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (citric acid eq)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  Organic acids total     8.21--16.812 g/L \[[@B44-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      12.27--21.87 g/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \-

  Citric acid             0.18--0.25 g/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.7--1.3 g/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.584--2.399 g/L \[[@B44-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       0.72--2.55 g/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     48.9--94.2 mg/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 10.5 g/L extract \[[@B36-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Isocitric acid          17.2--37.3 g/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Malic acid              0.56--1.63 g/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.5--12.8 g/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.112--11.695 g/L \[[@B44-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     9.32--13.33 g/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    124.5--301.0 mg/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Oxalic acid             \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0.17--0.79 g/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     \-

  Tartaric acid           0.321--2.068 g/L \[[@B44-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4.66--5.20 g/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     \-

  Quinic acid             4.1--6.8 g/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Succinic acid           0.478--0.977 g/L \[[@B44-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Fumaric acid            0.051--0.107 g/L \[[@B44-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Galacturonic acid       \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               535.4--1561.2 mg/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Ash                     6.83 g/100 g DM \[[@B14-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.37--0.49 g/100g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.2--11.8 g/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0.5 g/100g \[[@B42-molecules-24-03710],[@B43-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1.95% dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.4--3.9% DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Na                      2.0--3.7 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.6% \[[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.5--16.8 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 19.6--56.3 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\], 19 ppm \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             0.037 g/kg dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 52.5--89.0 mg/kg DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 9.4--40.8 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  K                       164--265 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 218 mg% \[[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\], 1356.3--3659.7 mg/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 2707--4977 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                          848--3204 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\], 1242 ppm \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2.78 g/kg dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 1814.3--3075.9 mg/kg DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 385--2792 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Ca                      22.8--43.9 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 32.2 mg% \[[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\], 119.0--552.3 mg/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 601--1167 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                          138--1225 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\], 151 ppm \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2.75 g/kg dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 2186.8--4080.4 mg/kg DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 469--1395 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Mg                      15.5--17.4 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 16.2 mg% \[[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\], 83.3--314.2 mg/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 164--578 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                            209--589 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\], 85 ppm \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0.88 g/kg dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 370.8--2501.0 mg/kg DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 99--338 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  P                       15.9--21.7 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 257.0--417.5 mg/kg \[[@B23-molecules-24-03710]\], 239--956 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   167--1037 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2.39 g/kg dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 282--526 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Zn                      0.090--0.220 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.09--8.40 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0.89--3.45 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   15.7 mg/kg dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.6--36.9 mg/kg DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.41--8.27 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Fe                      0.33--1.68 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.93 mg% \[[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\], 9.4--14.2 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            7.2--25.2 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    197 mg/kg dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 68.9--86.2 mg/kg DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 22.8--58.1 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Se                      0.21--0.28 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ND-1.73 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0.26--0.56 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Cu                      0.035--0.056 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.82--2.11 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0.68--4.51 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1.95 mg/kg dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.0--12.4 mg/kg DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.76--4.00 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Mo                      0.016--0.021 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ND-0.064 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     0.050--0.290 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Mn                      0.132--0.263 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.49--17.89 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2.98--11.77 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  31.5 mg/kg dried pomace \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.63--52.2 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Ni                      0.143--0.740 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0.130--0.860 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0.204--0.568 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  V                       0.40--1.58 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0.47--1.43 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   0.31--0.96 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Si                      2.37--6.37 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ND-7.4 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       2.18--6.30 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Cr                      0.49--0.53 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0.55--0.74 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   0.44--0.85 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Li                      ND-6.75 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ND-0.072 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ND-0.075 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Sr                      1.57--7.05 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0.34--3.67 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1.01--9.10 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Al                      2.88--4.40 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1.64--9.70 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   3.60--25.47 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Sn                      0.62--0.72 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0.86--1.09 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   0.58--0.89 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  As                      0.20--0.36 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0.37--0.79 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   0.30--0.98 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Cd                      0.016--0.041 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0.050--0.064 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0.035--0.059 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Ba                      1.48--6.66 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0.77--2.06 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1.48--9.62 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Pb                      0.048--0.091 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ND-0.143 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     0.053--0.205 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Sb                      ND-0.29 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ND-0.54 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ND-0.66 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Co                      0.019--0.043 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ND-0.092 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ND-0.144 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  B                       2.88--14.22 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ND-9.32 mg/kg \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2.60--4.96 mg/kg fruit tea \[[@B29-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Vitamin C               31 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.9--8.4 mg/100 g \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.0--19.3 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.7 mg/100 g \[[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.3--13.7 mg/100 g \[[@B30-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.911--1.552 g/L \[[@B44-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.5--7.2 mg/100 g FW \[[@B31-molecules-24-03710]\]                                     29 g/L \[[@B47-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1100 mg/kg nectar \[[@B38-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Vitamin B1              0.017--0.019 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Vitamin B2              0.016--0.027 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Niacin                  0.27--0.34 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Panthotenic acid        0.225--0.382 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Vitamin B6              0.024--0.029 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Folate                  0.002--0.004 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 20.4--20.6 µg/100 g FW \[[@B48-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Vitamin A               0.77 mg/100 g \[[@B18-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Carotenoids total       48.6 mg/kg \[[@B49-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            97.8 µg/L \[[@B47-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \-

  Lycopene                ND ^31^, 0.6 mg/kg \[[@B49-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ND nectar \[[@B38-molecules-24-03710]\]

  α-Carotene              6.4--10.6 µg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  β-Carotene              495--887 µg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], 46.4 µg/g DW \[[@B28-molecules-24-03710]\], 16.7 mg/kg \[[@B49-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ND nectar \[[@B38-molecules-24-03710]\]

  ζ-Carotene              0.3 mg/kg \[[@B49-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  β-Cryptoxanthin         234--649 µg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B28-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.2 mg/kg \[[@B49-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Lutein                  9.1 µg/g DW \[[@B28-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.4 mg/kg \[[@B49-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  5,6-Epoxylutein         0.4 mg/kg \[[@B49-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  *trans*-Violaxanthin    4.5 mg/kg \[[@B49-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  *cis*-Violaxanthin      8.5 mg/kg \[[@B49-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Neoxanthin              2.0 mg/kg \[[@B49-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Xanthophyll             2.7 µg/g DW \[[@B28-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Vitamin E                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               55.5 mg/kg seed oil \[[@B21-molecules-24-03710]\]

  α-Tocopherol            1.35--1.47 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               70.6 mg/kg seed oil \[[@B21-molecules-24-03710]\]

  β-Tocopherol            0.10--0.16 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               28.2 mg/kg seed oil \[[@B21-molecules-24-03710]\]

  γ-Tocopherol            0.08--0.10 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0.2 mg/kg seed oil \[[@B21-molecules-24-03710]\]

  γ-Tocotrienol           \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0.8 mg/kg seed oil \[[@B21-molecules-24-03710]\]

  δ-Tocopherol            0.05--0.07 mg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0.2 mg/kg seed oil \[[@B21-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Vitamin K               17.8--28.8 µg/100 g \[[@B17-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Chloride                \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  13 ppm \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \-

  Nitrate                 45.20--98.50 mg/kg \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 62.7--64.7 mg/kg \[[@B32-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     9 ppm \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \-

  Nitrite                 0.62--1.87 mg/kg \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.90--1.24 mg/kg \[[@B32-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-

  Phosphate               \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  184 ppm \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \-

  Sulfate                 \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1368 ppm \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \-
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ADF: acid dietary fibre, ADL: acid detergent lignin, DM: dry matter, FW: fresh weight, NDF: neutral dietary fibre, PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids, SFA: saturated fatty acids, TFA: total fatty acids, UFA: unsaturated fatty acids.

molecules-24-03710-t002_Table 2

###### 

The qualitative composition of selected polyphenols present in black chokeberry fruits, juices and other products.

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Compound                                                     Fruit                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Juice                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Other Products (e.g., Dried Fruits, Extracts, Pomaces, Juice Concentrates, Teas)
  ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Polyphenols total\                                           1845--2340 mg GAE/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.78--12.85 g GAE/kg FW \[[@B3-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.3 g GAE/kg \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.0--17.9 g CE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 603 mg GAE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 1079--1921 mg GAE/100 g FW \[[@B56-molecules-24-03710]\], 8008 mg GAE/100 g DM \[[@B58-molecules-24-03710]\], 20.1 mg GAE/g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 127--197 mg GAE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 1540.01 mg GAE/100 g FW \[[@B73-molecules-24-03710]\], 10637.20 mg GAE/kg \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\], 8563.8--12055.7 mg GAE/kg FW \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     8834--11093 mg GAE/L \[[@B5-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.3--6.6 g GAE/kg \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.7--9.0 g CE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 3002--6639 mg GAE/L DM \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 675--755 mg GAE/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.73--10.35 g GAE/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 4772.2 mg GAE/L \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\],\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     39.9--50.1 g GAE/kg dried fruits \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 29.6 g GAE/kg concentrate \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 63.1 g GAE/kg pomace \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.9--12 g GAE/kg jam \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.7 g GAE/kg compote \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.6 g GAE/kg syrup \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 31--63 g CE/kg FW pomace \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\],\
  (spectrophotometric method)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4.00 g GAE/L \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.7 mg GAE/100 g \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 6484 mg GAE/L \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 386 mg GAE/100 g \[[@B80-molecules-24-03710]\], 373.5 µg GAE/mL \[[@B81-molecules-24-03710]\], 386 mg GAE/100 g \[[@B82-molecules-24-03710]\], 709.3 mg GAE/100 mL \[[@B83-molecules-24-03710]\], 6652 mg GAE/L \[[@B84-molecules-24-03710]\], 5461 mg GAE/L \[[@B85-molecules-24-03710]\], 3172--7340 mg GAE/L \[[@B86-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         19.64--27.82 mg GAE/g DM extract \[[@B57-molecules-24-03710]\], 4954--7265 mg GAE/100 g DM dried fruits \[[@B58-molecules-24-03710]\], 4233--4951 mg GAE/100 g DM powder \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 1494--3436 mg GAE/100 g DM fruit tea \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 1954--2466 mg GAE/100 g DM dried berries \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 4511--5292 mg GAE/100 g DM capsules \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 46.8 g GAE/L juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 27.63--34.28 mg GAE/100 mg DM powder \[[@B88-molecules-24-03710]\], 44.87 mg GAE/g extract \[[@B89-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.38--3.77 g GAE/L juice concentrate \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.68--3.87 g GAE/L juice concentrate \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 30.9 mg GAE/100 g dried fruit \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.7 mg GAE/100 g compote \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 792.3--919.7 mg GAE/g DM dried fruits \[[@B90-molecules-24-03710]\], 712 mg GAE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 612.4 mg GA-E/g extract \[[@B92-molecules-24-03710]\], 483 mg CE/g DM extract \[[@B93-molecules-24-03710]\], 757--910 mg GAE/g extract \[[@B94-molecules-24-03710]\], 85.55 mg GAE/100 mL fruit tea (decoction) \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 88.77 mg GAE/100 mL fruit tea (infusion) \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 745 mg GAE/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], 477.72 mg GAE/g extract \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\], 714 mg SAE/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\], 2995.20 mg GAE/100 g DM dried fruits \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Polyphenols total/sum\                                       819.2--1329.5 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 672.4 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 2574.47--2773.41 mg/100 g FW \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 7849.21 mg/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 6351.38 mg/100 g DM \[[@B54-molecules-24-03710]\], 2477.0--6930.5 mg/kg FW \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4521.18--6686.69 g/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 3729.07 mg/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 996.33--1450 mg/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 1277.09 mg/L \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.95 g/L \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 1296.8--3545.6 µg/mL \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        8044--15058 mg/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 24723.67 g/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 15607.48--24447.77 g/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 10583.27 mg/100 g DM pomace \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 63.58 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\],\
  (chromatographic method)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        27.0 g/L juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 1043.89--1162.77 mg/L juice concentrate \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 1003.37--1188.62 juice concentrate \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.88 g/L wine \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.29--6.51 g/L juice microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.05--2.41 g/L wine microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 42.9--233.9 mg/100 mL liqueur \[[@B102-molecules-24-03710]\], 309.6 mg/g extract \[[@B103-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Nonflavonoids total\                                         \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1383--1840 mg GAE/L \[[@B5-molecules-24-03710]\], 808--1527 mg GAE/L DM \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1602--1906 mg GAE/100 g DM powder \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 2051--2300 mg GAE/100 g DM capsules \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 479--1557 mg GAE/100 g DM fruit tea \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 1072--1086 mg GAE/100 g DM dried berries \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (spectrophotometric method)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  Phenolic acids total/sum                                     121.9 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 63.9 mg/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 669.03 mg/100 g DM \[[@B54-molecules-24-03710]\], 183 ng/g DM ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 32.43 mg/100 g DM \[[@B105-molecules-24-03710]\], 77--96 mg/100 g FW ^Y^ \[[@B106-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       110.92 mg ChAE/g extract \[[@B92-molecules-24-03710]\], 34.5--49.0 mg ChAE/100 mL liqueur \[[@B102-molecules-24-03710]\], 158 ng/g DM compote ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 74--109 ng/g DM jam ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 149.2 mg ChAE/g extract \[[@B103-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Hydroxycinnamic acids total/sum                              1.4--1.5 g ChAE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 116.4 mg ChAE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 127.0 mg ChAE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.38--9.85 mg/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 739.3--1670.3 mg ChAE/kg FW \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0.45--0.59 g ChAE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 48.9--77.9 mg ChAE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     0.72--0.82 g ChAE/kg FW pomace \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 89.7--231.6 mg ChAE/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 43.7 mg ChAE/100 g FW presscake ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.078 g ChAE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 271 mg ChAE/100 g juice concentrate \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 56.7 mg ChAE/g DM extract \[[@B93-molecules-24-03710]\], 135.14 mg ChAE/g extract \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Caffeic acid\                                                0.13 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.96 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B105-molecules-24-03710]\], 60--75 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B106-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       1.2--1.8 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], Tr \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       118.9 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.067--1.26 mg/g tea infusion ^Z^ \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.35 g/L wine \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.6 mg/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.41--0.48 g/L wine microcapsules \[[@B92-molecules-24-03710]\], 53.85 mg/L extract ^Z^ \[[@B109-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.736 mg/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], ND dried fruits ^Y^ \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  Protocatechuic acid\                                         0.77 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\], 11 ng/g DM ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.3--13.0 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B106-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         24.93--57.35 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 14.3--103.6 µg/mL ^Z^ \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ND-0.176 mg/g tea infusion ^Z^ \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\],0.08 g/L wine \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.56--0.70 g/L wine microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.4 mg/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 14 ng/g DM ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 2--9 ng/g DM ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.94 mg/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  Chlorogenic acid\                                            72.0--96.6 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 1131.15--1960.72 mg/kg FW \[[@B3-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.69--0.74 g/kg FW ^Z^ \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 65.42 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 83.97--110.62 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 20.4 mg NChaE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 301.85 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 164.42 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 70.2 mg/100 g FW frozen ^Z^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 80.2 mg/100 g FW blanched ^Z^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.32--6.42 mg/g DM ^Z^ \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 218 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\], 61 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B72-molecules-24-03710]\], 416.9--1000.6 mg/kg FW ^Z^ \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0.42--0.50 g/kg FW pomace ^Z^ \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\],33.2--84.5 mg/100 g DM dried pomace fractions ^Z^ \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 769.25 mg/100 g DM fruit powder ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 848.17--1192.69 mg/100 g DM dried pomace powder ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 204.35 mg/100 g DM pomace ^Z^ \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.60--4.60 mg/g DM dried fruits \[[@B54-molecules-24-03710]\],\
  (3-Caffeoylquinic acid)\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        28.8 mg/100 g FW presscake ^Z\ X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.7 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.24 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], 43.95 mg NChAE/g DM extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.0377 g/L juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 603.1 mg/kg extract ^Z^ \[[@B114-molecules-24-03710]\], 310.59--354.07 mg/L juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 318.19--352.34 mg/L juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.33 mg/g dried fruit ^Z^ \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.37 mg/g compote ^Z^ \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 20.6 μg/mg extract ^Z^ \[[@B115-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.94--0.99 g/L juice microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 63.8 mg/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 68.32 mg/g extract ^Z^ \[[@B92-molecules-24-03710]\], 2181.05 mg/L extract \[[@B109-molecules-24-03710]\], 79.0 mg/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.90 mg/g extract ^Z^ \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\], 63.5 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\], 58.23 mg/100 g DM dried fruits ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i001.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       0.2--0.3 g/kg FW ^Z^ \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 470.51--642.74 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 415.86 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\] 30.4--47.7 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 58.9--67.8 mg/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\],\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         463.31--642.28 mg NChAE/l \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\],\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         390.5 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\], 10.3--36.3 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B111-molecules-24-03710]\] 370.06 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.51 mg/g ^Z^ \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 1389 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.97 g/L \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 32 mg/100 g \[[@B82-molecules-24-03710]\], 691 mg/L \[[@B84-molecules-24-03710]\], 858 mg/L \[[@B85-molecules-24-03710]\], 453.3--628.1 µg/mL ^Z^ \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\], 45.50 mg/100 mL ^Z^ \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  Neochlorogenic acid\                                         59.3--79.1 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 883.31--1156.59 mg/kg FW \[[@B3-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.71--0.72 g ChAE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 56.51 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 74.60--99.76 mg ChAE/100 g FW \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 37.5 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 290.81 mg ChAE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 79.88 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 46.2 mg ChAE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 46.8 mg ChAE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.16--6.54 mg ChAE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 123 mg ChAE/100 g FW \[[@B72-molecules-24-03710]\], 189 mg ChAE/100 g FW \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\], 322.4--669.7 mg ChAE/kg FW \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             0.21--0.29 g ChAE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 891.56--1048.49 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 393.10 mg ChAE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 18.4--30.1 mg ChAE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 65.5--80.6 mg/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 323.67--442.33 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 415.7 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\], 21.8--57.3 mg/L \[[@B111-molecules-24-03710]\], 426.57 mg ChAE/l \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.47 mg ChAE/g \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 1057 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.18 g/L \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 28 mg/100 g \[[@B82-molecules-24-03710]\], 840 mg/L \[[@B84-molecules-24-03710]\], 830 mg/L \[[@B85-molecules-24-03710]\], 361.3--449.0 µg ChAE/mL \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\], 49.21 mg ChAE/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    25.5--68.1 mg ChAE/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 728.81 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 1161.53--1174.35 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 169.20 mg ChAE/100 g DM pomace \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 14.9 mg ChAE/100 g FW presscake ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.03 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.13 mg/g DM extract ^Z^ \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.0401 g ChAE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 257.2 mg/kg extract ^Z^ \[[@B114-molecules-24-03710]\], 355.51--402.08 mg ChAE/l juice concentrate \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 334.52--422.32 mg ChAE/l juice concentrate \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.82 mg ChAE/g dried fruit \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.26 mg ChAE/g compote \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.25--1.28 g/L juice microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 7 mg/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 21.6 mg/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.31--0.32 g ChAE/kg FW pomace \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], 24.05 mg ChAE/g extract \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\], 41.7 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (5-Caffeoylquinic acid)\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i002.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Cryptochlorogenic acid\                                      2.22 mg NChAE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    28.21--32.66 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 34.56--86.51 mg NChAE/l \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.13 mg ChAE/g \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              19.91 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 41.57--53.60 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], \], ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.17 mg ChAE/g dried fruit \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.03 mg ChAE/g compote \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (4-Caffeoylquinic acid)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  Gallic acid\                                                 ND \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], ND ^Y^ \[[@B106-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   0.04 g/L \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.9 mg/L \[[@B84-molecules-24-03710]\], ND-197.8 µg/mL ^Z^ \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       111.3 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\], ND-0.596 mg/g tea infusion ^Z^ \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.15 mg/100 g DM dried fruits ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  Vanillic acid\                                               0.37 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B105-molecules-24-03710]\], ND-1.31 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B106-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       0.07--0.09 mg/g DM dried fruits \[[@B90-molecules-24-03710]\], ND dried fruits ^Y^ \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  *p*-Coumaric acid\                                           ND \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.02 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 27 ng/g DM ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.05 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B105-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.5--7.61 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B106-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       446.4 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\], ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.3 μg/mg extract ^Z^ \[[@B115-molecules-24-03710]\], 24 ng/g DM compote ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 12--25 ng/g DM jam ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.33 mg/100 g DM dried fruits ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (4-hydroxycinnamic acid)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  Cinnamic acid                                                ND-0.90 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B106-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       7.5 μg/mg extract ^Z^ \[[@B115-molecules-24-03710]\]

  *p*-Coumaric acid derivatives                                \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0.4 mg ChAE/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-

  Coumaric acid glucoside                                      1.29 mg CoAE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Caffeoylquinic acid derivative                               \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        19.3--128.3 µg ChAE/mL \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \-

  Caffeic acid glucoside                                       0.04 mg CaE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  *p*-Coumaroylquinic acid\                                    \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        8.31--9.32 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.72--3.66 mg CoAE/l \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 6.81 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 10.96--12.70 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\]
  3-*O*-*p*-Coumaroylquinic acid                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  dicaffeoylquinic acid                                        3.74 mg/100 g FW \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       0.26 mg NChAE/g DM extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\]

  di-Caffeic quinic acid                                       \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1.00--1.33 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     4.88 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.09--5.35 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Ferulic acid\                                                0.01 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.9--2.8 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B106-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            19.9 mg/L \[[@B84-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  41.4 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.09 mg/L extract \[[@B109-molecules-24-03710]\], ND dried fruits ^Y^ \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Depside                                                      \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2.15--6.30 PCAE mg/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Gentisic acid\                                               \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       229.2 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  Sinapic acid\                                                ND ^Y^ \[[@B106-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       44.6 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  Salicylic acid\                                              15.60 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-
  (*o*-Hydroxybenzoic acid)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  Syringic acid\                                               65 ng/g DM ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\],\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       7.8 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\], 53 ng/g DM compote ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 34--45 ng/g DM jam ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid)                        4.16 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B105-molecules-24-03710]\], ND ^Y^ \[[@B106-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  4-Hydroxybenzoic acid                                        ND \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 38 ng/g DM ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.29 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B105-molecules-24-03710]\], ND ^Y^ \[[@B106-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       35 ng/g DM compote ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 9--26 ng/g DM jam ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 13 ng/g DM dried homogenate prepared from fresh fruit ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Ellagic acid                                                 1.57 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 42 ng/g DM ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ND extract \[[@B71-molecules-24-03710]\], ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 32 ng/g DM compote ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], 11--15 ng/g DM jam ^Y^ \[[@B104-molecules-24-03710]\], ND dried fruits ^Y^ \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Flavonoids total (spectrophotometric method)                 5.3 g CE/kg \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 18.31 mg QE/100 g FW \[[@B73-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              6994--9710 mg GAE/L \[[@B5-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.7--2.9 g CE/kg \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 2180--5271 mg GAE/L DM \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.50 g CE/l \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 189.4 mg CE/100 mL \[[@B83-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             12.5--19.9 g CE/kg dried fruits \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.1 g CE/kg concentrate \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 9.3 g CE/kg pomace \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.9--6.4 g CE/kg jam \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.3 g CE/kg compote \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 1 g CE/kg syrup \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 2327--3317 mg GAE/100 g DM powder \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 2459--2992 mg GAE/100 g DM capsules \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 878--2322 mg GAE/100 g DM fruit tea \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 867--1394 mg GAE/100 g DM dried berries \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.45--5.22 mg QE/100 mg DM powder \[[@B88-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.65 mg CE/g extract \[[@B89-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.01--2.27 g CE/l juice concentrate \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.91--2.27 g CE/l juice concentrate \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 52.0--66.1 mg CE/g DM dried fruits \[[@B90-molecules-24-03710]\], 21.94 mg/g extract \[[@B92-molecules-24-03710]\], 62.0--90.1 mg CE/g extract \[[@B94-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Flavonoids total (chromatographic method)                    556.0 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 71 mg QRE/100 g FW \[[@B72-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       49.7 mg QRE/g extract \[[@B103-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Anthocyanins total (spectrophotometric method)               4.5 g CGlE/kg \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 488.8 mg CGlE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 3917 mg CGlE/100 g DM \[[@B58-molecules-24-03710]\], 498.98 mg/100 g FW \[[@B73-molecules-24-03710]\], 4341.06 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1829--2768 mg CGlE/l \[[@B5-molecules-24-03710]\], 130.5--210.3 mg CGlE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 150--1228 mg CGlE/l DM \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.10--0.67 g CGlE/l \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.4--0.7 g CGlE/kg \[[@B41-molecules-24-03710]\], 456.2 CGlE/l \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\], 369.47 mg CGlE/l \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.6 CGlE mg/100 g \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 106.8 mg CGlE/100 mL \[[@B83-molecules-24-03710]\], 508--1087 mg CGaE/l \[[@B86-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1.4--3.1 g CGlE/kg dried fruits \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.6 g CGlE/kg concentrate \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 10 g CGlE/kg pomace \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.2--0.4 g CGlE/kg jam \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.2 g CGlE/kg compote \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.1 g CGlE/kg syrup \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 515.6--652.9 mg CGlE/100 g FW of mash \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 1581.7--2495.2 mg CGlE/100 g FW of pomace \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 238.5--383.6 mg CGlE/100 g FW of pomace ^X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\],\
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  781--2227 mg CGlE/100 g DM dried fruits \[[@B58-molecules-24-03710]\], 1165--1641 mg CGlE/100 g DM powder \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 1997--2468 mg CGlE/100 g DM capsules \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 282--675 mg CGlE/100 g DM fruit tea \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 141--147 mg CGlE/100 g DM dried berries \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.93--4.80 mg CGlE/100 mg DM powder \[[@B88-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.203--0.273 CGlE% DM extract \[[@B111-molecules-24-03710]\], 271.35--330.32 g CGlE/l juice concentrate \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 270.10--352.30 g CGlE/l juice concentrate \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.1 CGlE mg/100 g dried fruit \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.8 CGlE mg/100 g compote \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 1146--3715 mg CGlE/g DM dried fruits \[[@B90-molecules-24-03710]\], 202.28 mg/g extract \[[@B92-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.07--0.14 mg CGlE/100 g extract \[[@B94-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.12 mg CGlE/100 mL fruit tea (decoction) \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.63 mg CGlE/100 mL fruit tea (infusion) \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Anthocyanins total/sum\                                      256.4 mg/100 g FW frozen \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.2--6.7 g CGlE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 529.3 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 357 mg CGlE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 1265.48 mg CRE/100 g DM \[[@B54-molecules-24-03710]\], 249--447 mg CGaE/100 g FW \[[@B56-molecules-24-03710]\], 1480.0 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 619.2 mg CGlE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 281.2 mg CGlE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.37--14.87 mg CGaE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 4056.22 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\], 1500.9--5486.2 mg CGlE/kg FW \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           63.9--98.7 mg/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 58--473 g CGlE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.2--104.8 mg CGlE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.8--45.2 mg CGaE/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 373.06 mg/L \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.76 g/L \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 59.3--1118 mg CGlE/l \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 221.4 mg/L \[[@B85-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.0--855.5 µg CGlE/mL \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\], 19.10 mg/100 mL \[[@B117-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    274.5--310.6 mg/100 g FW mash \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 738.7--1221.1 mg/100 g FW pomace \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 114.4--186.0 mg/100 g FW pomace ^X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 11.9--19.5 g CGlE/kg FW pomace \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 616.2--1239.0 mg CGlE/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 138.3 mg CGlE/100 g FW presscake ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.0 g CRE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 8384 mg CGlE/kg extract \[[@B114-molecules-24-03710]\], 957.2 mg/100 g juice concentrate \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 238.35--317.02 mg/L juice concentrate \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 258.84--316.50 mg/L juice concentrate \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.45 g/L wine \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.07--4.27 g/L juice microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.02--1.30 g/L wine microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 147 mg CGlE/g DM extract \[[@B93-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.9 mg CGlE/g extract capsule \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 188 mg CGlE/l syrup \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.2--170.7 mg CGlE/100 mL liqueur \[[@B102-molecules-24-03710]\], 93.75 mg CGlE/g extract \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\], 110.7 mg CGaE/g extract \[[@B103-molecules-24-03710]\], 23.6--192.1 mg/L dried fruits infusions \[[@B118-molecules-24-03710]\], 272.2--342.1 mg/L dried pomace infusions \[[@B118-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (chromatographic method)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  Cyanidin-3-*O*-arabinoside\                                  128.0--299.4 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 941.82--1553.29 mg/kg FW \[[@B3-molecules-24-03710]\], 1359.4 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 74.3 mg/100 g FW frozen ^Z^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.9--2.1 g CGlE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 116.39 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 220.27--249.46 mg CGaE/100 g FW \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 112 mg CGlE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 581.50 mg CGaE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 52--149 mg CGaE/100 g FW \[[@B56-molecules-24-03710]\], 399.3 mg CGlE/100 g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 1243.2 mg CyE/kg FW \[[@B60-molecules-24-03710]\], 159.21 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 154.7 mg CGlE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 57.5 mg CGlE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.18--4.06 mg CGaE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 146 mg CGaE/100 g FW \[[@B72-molecules-24-03710]\], 544 mg CGlE/100 g FW \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\], 993.77 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\], 367.2--1532.4 mg CGlE/kg FW \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]           117.8--172.6 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 16.9--27.7 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 14--108 g CGlE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 248.72--554.90 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 324.37 mg CGaE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.0--20.4 mg CGlE/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.7--10.7 mg CGaE/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 11.47--32.59 CGlE mg/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\],\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      186--477.7 mg CGlE/kg dried fruits \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 1447.6 mg CGlE/kg concentrate \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 1651.1 mg CGlE/kg pomace \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 22--85.2 mg CGlE/kg jam \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 41 mg CGlE/kg compote \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 27.2 mg CGlE/kg syrup \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 84.2--93.4 mg/100 g FW mash ^Z^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 217.5--366.7 mg/100 g FW pomace ^Z^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 36.0--55.8 mg/100 g FW pomace ^Z\ X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.7--5.7 g CGlE/kg FW pomace \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 23.38 mg CGlE/g extract \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 191.7--389.9 mg CGlE/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 3328.79 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 1835.62--3116.02 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 532.64 mg CGaE/100 g DM pomace \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\],\
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i003.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       28.8--48.5 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B111-molecules-24-03710]\], 78.47 mg/L \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 101 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.44 g/L \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 36.2 mg CGaE/100 g \[[@B80-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.93 mg/100 mL ^Z^ \[[@B81-molecules-24-03710]\], 11.3--249.9 mg CGlE/l \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 36.2 mg/100 g \[[@B82-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.2 mg/L \[[@B84-molecules-24-03710]\], 61.7 mg/L \[[@B85-molecules-24-03710]\], Tr-190.2 µg CGlE/mL \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.18 mg/100 mL ^Z^ \[[@B117-molecules-24-03710]\], 110.1--178.7 mg CGaE/l \[[@B86-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.12 mg CGaE/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     0.14--0.32 mg/g DM extract ^Z^ \[[@B57-molecules-24-03710]\], 29.3 mg CGlE/100 g FW presscake ^Z^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.17 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], 77.08 mg CGlE/g DM extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.0274 g CRE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\],1.9--17.7 mg/g tea infusion ^Z^ \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\], 2143.0 mg CGlE/kg extract \[[@B114-molecules-24-03710]\], 187.9 mg/100 g juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 45.19--64.55 mg/L juice concentrate \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 49.76--67.77 mg/L juice concentrate \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 51.6--370.9 mg/g DM dried fruits \[[@B90-molecules-24-03710]\], 159.6 μg CGlE/mg extract \[[@B115-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.25 g/L wine \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.03--1.26 g/L juice microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.46--0.59 g/L wine microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 23.58 mg/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 33.21 mg/g extract ^Z^ \[[@B92-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.42 mg CGlE/g extract capsule \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 36.3 mg CGlE/l syrup \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.43 mg/100 mL fruit tea (decoction) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.32 mg/100 mL fruit tea (infusion) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 36.7 mg CGaE/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], 81.8 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.9--54.6 mg/L dried fruits infusions \[[@B118-molecules-24-03710]\], 77.3--98.7 mg/L dried pomace infusions \[[@B118-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Cyanidin-3-*O*-galactoside\                                  417.3--636.0 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 1010.80--1203.56 mg/kg FW \[[@B3-molecules-24-03710]\], 2917.2 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 157.1 mg/100 g FW frozen ^Z^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.1--4.4 g CGlE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 379.36 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 473.54--515.22 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 229 mg CGlE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 1282.41 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\],168--282 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B56-molecules-24-03710]\], 989.7 mg CGlE/100 g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 2482.4 mg/kg FW ^Z^ \[[@B60-molecules-24-03710]\], 222.11 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 424.7 mg CGlE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 205.5 mg CGlE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.21--14.50 mg/g DM ^Z^ \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 315 mg CGaE/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B72-molecules-24-03710]\], 1243 mg CGlE/100 g FW \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\], 2794.74 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\], 1055.3--3621.0 mg CGlE/kg FW \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]   286.6--441.4 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 40.1--60.3 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 43--341 g CGlE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 702.15--1451.55 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 787.00 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.5--77.1 mg CGlE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.7--29.5 mg/100 mL ^Z^ \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 46.58--96.88 CGlE mg/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 82.1--133.0 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B111-molecules-24-03710]\], 278.43 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 301 mg CArE/l \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.16 g/L \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 107.6 mg/100 g ^Z^ \[[@B80-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.48 mg/100 mL ^Z^ \[[@B81-molecules-24-03710]\], 44.0--822.1 mg CGlE/l \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 107.6 mg/100 g \[[@B82-molecules-24-03710]\], 20.0 mg/L \[[@B84-molecules-24-03710]\], 143.7 mg/L \[[@B85-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.9--616.0 µg CGlE/mL \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.60 mg/100 mL ^Z^ \[[@B117-molecules-24-03710]\], 319.4--506.1 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B86-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.49 mg/100 mL ^Z^ \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]   475.7--928 mg CGlE/kg dried fruits \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 3349.7 mg CGlE/kg concentrate \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 4600.5 mg CGlE/kg pomace \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 81.2--237.4 mg CGlE/kg jam \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 120.4 mg CGlE/kg compote \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 81.6 mg CGlE/kg syrup \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 162.0--187.4 mg/100 g FW mash ^Z^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 437.2--754.6 mg/100 g FW pomace ^Z^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 68.4--114.9 mg/100 g FW pomace ^Z\ X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.6--12.5 g CGlE/kg FW pomace \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 376.5--749.4 mg CGlE/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 8286.4 mg/100 g DM fruit powder ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 4521.34--7961.70 mg/100 g DM pomace powder ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 1119.70 mg/100 g DM pomace ^Z^ \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.40--0.85 mg/g DM extract ^Z^ \[[@B57-molecules-24-03710]\], 99.8 mg CGlE/100 g FW presscake ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.53 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], 181.01 mg CGlE/g DM extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.0432 g CRE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.8--37.6 mg/g tea infusion ^Z^ \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\], 5456.0 mg CGlE/kg extract \[[@B114-molecules-24-03710]\], 733.3 mg/100 g juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 182.32--238.69 mg/L juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 196.63--240.36 mg/L juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 119.6--798.1 mg/g DM dried fruits \[[@B90-molecules-24-03710]\], 314.0 μg CGlE/mg extract \[[@B115-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.20 g/L wine \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.99--2.81 g/L juice microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.56--0.71 g/L wine microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 80.07 mg/g extract ^Z^ \[[@B92-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.03 mg CGlE/g extract capsule \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 144.1 mg CGlE/l syrup \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.66 mg/100 mL fruit tea (decoction) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.04 mg/100 mL fruit tea (infusion) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 84.5 mg/g extract ^Z^ \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], 64.04 mg CGlE/g extract \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\], 270.2 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\], 16.0--126.2 mg/L dried fruits infusions \[[@B118-molecules-24-03710]\], 178.2--222.7 mg/L dried pomace infusions \[[@B118-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (Idaein)\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i004.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Cyanidin 3-*O*-glucoside\                                    7.8--27.2 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 127 mg/kg ^Z^ \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 11.1 mg/100 g FW frozen ^Z^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.08--0.09 g/kg FW ^Z^ \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.11 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 18.15--21.51 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.66 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 42.14 mg CGaE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], Tr-4.7 mg CGaE/100 g FW \[[@B56-molecules-24-03710]\], 37.6 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 200.0 mg/kg FW ^Z^ \[[@B60-molecules-24-03710]\], 10.87 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 19.8 mg/100 g FW frozen ^Z^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 10.9 mg/100 g FW blanched ^Z^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.049--0.469 mg CGaE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 10 mg CGaE/100 g FW \[[@B72-molecules-24-03710]\], 46.2 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\], 121.69 mg/kg ^Z^ \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\], 34.1--113.5 mg/kg FW ^Z^ \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                         15.2--19.9 mg/kg ^Z^ \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.9--4.8 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.5--9.9 g/kg FW ^Z^ \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\],\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        19.3--60.6 mg/kg dried fruits ^Z^ \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 214.7 mg/kg concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 237.7 mg/kg pomace ^Z^ \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.3--10 mg/kg jam ^Z^ \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 4 mg/kg compote ^Z^ \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.6 mg/kg syrup ^Z^ \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\],12.2--13.3 mg/100 g FW mash ^Z^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 33.9--52.0 mg/100 g FW pomace ^Z^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.1--7.9 mg/100 g FW pomace ^Z\ X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.24--0.44 g/kg FW pomace ^Z^ \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 21.0--43.7 mg/100 g DM dried pomace fractions ^Z^ \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\],\
  (Chrysanthemin)\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       19.71--39.99 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 28.15 mg CGaE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.4--4.6 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.3--2.0 mg CGaE/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.01--4.37 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.7--5.7 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B111-molecules-24-03710]\], 9.28 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 21 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.16 g/L \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.72 mg/100 mL ^Z^ \[[@B81-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.4--41.9 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.9 mg/100 g \[[@B82-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.4 mg/L \[[@B84-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.4 mg/L \[[@B85-molecules-24-03710]\], Tr-25.1 µg/mL ^Z^ \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.73 mg/100 mL ^Z^ \[[@B117-molecules-24-03710]\], 24.0--43.7 mg CGaE/l \[[@B86-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.71 CGaE/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                5.4 mg/100 g FW presscake ^Z\ X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 225.80 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 125.91--220.06 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 79.44 mg CGaE/100 g DM pomace \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.07--0.14 mg/g DM extract ^Z^ \[[@B57-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.79 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.09 mg/g DM extract ^Z^ \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.0055 g CRE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.52--5.6 mg/g tea infusion ^Z^ \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.84--21.10 mg/100 mg DM powder ^Z^ \[[@B88-molecules-24-03710]\], 415.0 mg/kg extract ^Z^ \[[@B114-molecules-24-03710]\], 34.1 mg/100 g juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.52--7.52 mg/L juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.87--8.15 mg/L juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.1--49.1 mg/g DM dried fruits \[[@B90-molecules-24-03710]\], 14.5 μg/mg extract ^Z^ \[[@B115-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.05--0.20 g/L juice microcapsules \[[@B100-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.68 mg/g extract ^Z^ \[[@B92-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.196 mg/g extract capsule ^Z^ \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.5 mg/L syrup ^Z^ \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.29 mg/100 mL fruit tea (decoction) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.85 mg/100 mL fruit tea (infusion) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.79 mg CGaE/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.14 mg/g extract ^Z^ \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.5 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.7--4.3 mg/L dried fruits infusions \[[@B118-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.9--8.0 mg/L dried pomace infusions \[[@B118-molecules-24-03710]\]
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i005.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Cyanidin-3-*O*-xyloside\                                     29.0--38.2 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 165.8 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.7 mg CGlE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.13--0.14 g CGlE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 26.40 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 30.27--33.39 mg CGaE/100 g FW \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.12 mg CGlE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], Tr-12 mg CGaE/100 g FW \[[@B56-molecules-24-03710]\], 52.71 mg CGaE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 51.5 mg CGlE/100 g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 38.7 mg CyE/kg FW \[[@B60-molecules-24-03710]\], 9.92 mg/100 g FW \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 20.1 mg CGlE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.3 mg CGlE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], ND-0.391 mg CGaE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 10 mg CGaE/100 g FW \[[@B72-molecules-24-03710]\], 73 mg CGlE/100 g FW \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\], 146.02 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\], 44.3--233.1 mg CGlE/kg FW \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                        14.7--19.3 mg CGlE/kg \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.7--5.8 mg CGlE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 1--13 g CGlE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 17.32--48.35 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 33.63 mg CGaE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.21--2.7 mg CGlE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.24--4.74 CGlE mg/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.2--2.1 mg CGaE/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.2--5.2 mg/L \[[@B111-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.88 mg/L \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 13 mg CArE/l \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.2 mg CGaE/100 g \[[@B80-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.8--3.8 mg CGlE/l \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.2 mg/100 g \[[@B82-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.6 mg/L \[[@B84-molecules-24-03710]\], 11.6 mg/L \[[@B85-molecules-24-03710]\], Tr-24.3 µg CGlE/mL \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.59 mg/100 mL ^Z^ \[[@B117-molecules-24-03710]\], 19.8--29.4 mg CGaE/l \[[@B86-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.59 CGaE/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                         21.8--62.5 mg CGlE/kg dried fruits \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 201.1 mg CGlE/kg concentrate \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 223.4 mg CGlE/kg pomace \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 3--8.7 mg CGlE/kg jam \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], ND mg CGlE/kg compote \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.8 mg CGlE/kg syrup \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.8--17.2 mg CGlE/100 g FW mash \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 36.7--63.3 mg CGlE/100 g FW pomace \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.7--7.3 mg CGlE/100 g FW pomace ^X^ \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.3--0.6 g CGlE/kg FW pomace \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.19 mg CGlE/g extract \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 27.0--57.1 mg CGlE/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 294.14 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 166.86--275.41 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 105.06 mg CGaE/100 g DM pomace \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.7 mg CGlE/100 g FW presscake ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.03 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.17 mg CGlE/g DM extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.0031 g CRE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.77--4.4 mg CGlE/g tea infusion \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\], 334.0 mg CGlE/kg extract \[[@B114-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.32--6.43 mg/L juice concentrate \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.70--6.55 mg/L juice concentrate \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.2--71.2 mg/g DM dried fruits \[[@B90-molecules-24-03710]\], 16.6 μg CGlE/mg extract \[[@B115-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.52 mg/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.255 mg CGlE/g extract capsule \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.45 mg CGlE/l syrup \[[@B116-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.96 mg CGlE/100 mL fruit tea (decoction) \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.99 mg CGlE/100 mL fruit tea (infusion) \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.05 mg CGaE/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], 40.0 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.7--7.0 mg/L dried fruits infusions \[[@B118-molecules-24-03710]\], 10.1--12.7 mg/L dried pomace infusions \[[@B118-molecules-24-03710]\]
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i006.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Cyanidin-3-*O*-galactoside + Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside          \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       65.04 mg/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Cyanidin-3,5-hexoside-(epi)catechin                          \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9.16--9.87 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     12.04 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 14.33--20.43 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Cyanidin-3-pentoside-(epi)catechin                           \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.95--4.24 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     5.76 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.26--10.30 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Cyanidin-3-hexoside-(epi)cat-(epi)cat                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        6.77--7.74 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     10.98 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.61--20.23 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Cyanidin                                                     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0.22 mg CGaE/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       387.43 mg CyE/100 g DM dried fruits ^Y^ \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Pelargonidin-3-arabinoside                                   2.3 mg CGlE/100 g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 50.4 mg PE/kg FW \[[@B60-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       7.6 mg/100 g juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Pelargonidin-3-arabinoside + Pelargonidin-3-galactoside      \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       0.473 mg CGaE/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Pelargonidin-3-galactoside                                   Tr \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B60-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Flavanones                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  Eriodictyol-7-glucuronide\                                   22.11--26.43 mg/100 g FW \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    19.24--28.97 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 24.31--64.88 NE mg/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               81.36 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 57.61--84.40 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]
  Eriodictyol-glucuronide                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  Eriodictyol-3,7-*O*-diglucuronide                            \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        7.86 mg/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1.86 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Eriodictyol                                                  51.4 mg/100 g FW \[[@B119-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Flavonols total\                                             21.2 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 273.96 mg/100 g DM \[[@B54-molecules-24-03710]\], 34.7 mg/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 35.0 mg/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 71 mg QRE/100 g FW \[[@B72-molecules-24-03710]\], 76.43 mg/kg \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\], 192.4--408.4 mg/kg FW \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           16.5--21.3 mg/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 57.0--126.8 mg/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 16.7 mg/100 g FW presscake ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.021 g QRE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 308.9 mg QRE/100 g juice concentrate \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.3--16.4 mg QE/100 mL liqueur \[[@B102-molecules-24-03710]\], 23.93 mg QE/g extract \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (chromatographic method)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  Kaempferol-3-*O*-galactoside                                 0.54 mg KE/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Isorhamnetin-3-*O*-galactoside                               ND ^1^, 1.5 mg IE/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Isorhamnetin-3-*O*-glucoside                                 ND ^1^, 1.2 mg IE/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Isorhamnetin-3-*O*-rhamnosylhexoside                         \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0.81--4.80 IGaE mg/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Isorhamnetin pentosylhexoside                                \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0.30--0.81 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     4.33 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.81--12.20 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Isorhamnetin pentoside hexoside                              1.12 mg/100 g FW \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Isorhamnetin rhamnosylhexosideisomer sum                     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0.74--1.85 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     18.41 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.95--14.27 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Isorhamnetin 3-*O*-neohesperidoside                          1.16 mg/100 g FW \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Isorhamnetin 3-*O*-rutinoside                                ND \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.83 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Myricetin-3-*O*-galactoside                                  0.55 mg ME/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Myricetin-3-*O*-glucoside                                    0.20 mg ME/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Myricetin-glucoside/galactoside                              0.03 mg ME/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Quercetin-3-*O*-arabinopyranoside\                           ND \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.0 mg QGaE/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.1 mg/100 g FW \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ND extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\]
  Quercetin 3-arabinoside                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  Morin (3,5,7,2′,4′-Pentahydroxyflavonol)                     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ND-0.501 mg/g tea infusion ^Z^ \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Kaempferol                                                   ND \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.30 mg/kg ^Z^ \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       14.5 µg/100 g herb honey ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.12 mg/100 g DM dried fruits ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Kaempferol-3-*O*-glucoside (Astragalin)                      ND \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.38 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ND extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Kaempferol-glucoside/galactoside                             0.40 mg KE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Quercetin-3-*O*-galactoside\                                 6.6--9.9 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.31 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 9.91--14.57 mg QRE/100 g FW \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.90 mg QE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 36.98 mg QRE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 65.6 mg/kg ^Z^ \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], 19.09 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 10.6 mg QRE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 10.2 mg QRE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.320--0.558 mg/g DM ^Z^ \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 28.3 mg QGlE/100 g FW \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   6.77--16.46 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 49.76 mg QRE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.1--5.7 mg QRE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.0--10.3 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B111-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.05 mg QGlE/g \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 97 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 9.8 mg/100 g \[[@B82-molecules-24-03710]\], 76.0--94.8 µg/mL ^Z^ \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.83 mg QRE/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   28.1--62.5 mg QRE/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 104.11 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 48.97--102.43 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 47.44 mg QRE/100 g DM pomace \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.17--0.27 mg/g DM extract ^Z^ \[[@B57-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.2 mg QRE/100 g FW presscake ^Z^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.83 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.68 mg QRE/g DM extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.00032 g QRE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.06 mg QGlE/g compote \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.31 mg QGlE/g dried fruit \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.2 mg/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.43 mg/100 mL fruit tea (decoction) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.27 mg/100 mL fruit tea (infusion) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.64 mg/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.9 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (Hyperoside)\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i007.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Quercetin-3-*O*-glucoside\                                   4.4--11.3 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.03 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.07--8.87 mg QRE/100 g FW \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.27 mg QE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 21.64 mg QRE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 43.8 mg QGaE/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.73 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.6 mg QRE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.2 mg QRE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.239--0.424 mg/g DM ^Z^ \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 20.8 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    7.08--13.54 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 31.24 mg QRE/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.2--4.2 mg QRE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 21.4 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.8--5.8 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B111-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.03 mg/g ^Z^ \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 53 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.8 mg/100 g \[[@B82-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.25 mg QRE/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             63.27 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 32.75--67.14 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 26.50 mg QRE/100 g DM pomace \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.10--0.15 mg/g DM extract ^Z^ \[[@B57-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.6 mg QRE/100 g FW presscake ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.25 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.00050 g QRE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.22 mg/g dried fruit ^Z^ \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.03 mg/g compote ^Z^ \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.8 mg/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.28 mg/100 mL fruit tea (decoction) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.22 mg/100 mL fruit tea (infusion) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.02 mg/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], 21.5 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (Isoquercitrin)\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i008.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Quercetin-3-*O*-glucoside +\                                 \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       16.7--37.4 mg QRE/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\]
  Quercetin-3-*O*-rutinoside                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  Quercetin-dihexoside                                         33.3 mg QGaE/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.67 mg/100 g FW \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.4 mg QRE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.2 mg QRE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       2.89--6.36 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.3--3.3 mg QRE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.00--29.39 mg QGlE/l \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    43.58 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 21.99--43.15 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.3 mg QRE/100 g FW presscake ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Quercetin-3-*O*-rutinoside\                                  3.9--6.1 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.51 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.50--6.27 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 14.1 mg QE/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.10 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 42.4 mg QGaE/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.13 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.9 mg QRE/100 g FW frozen ^Z^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.1 mg QRE/100 g FW blanched ^Z^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.158--0.189 mg/g DM ^Z^ \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.6 mg QGlE/100 g FW \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\], 192.1--403.0 mg/kg FW ^Z^ \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 4.29--8.98 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 27.53 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.3--2.8 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.33--53.42 QGlE mg/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 70.9 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.9--6.9 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B111-molecules-24-03710]\], 107.13 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 194 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.4 mg/100 g \[[@B82-molecules-24-03710]\], 93.6--141.7 µg/mL ^Z^ \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.68 mg/100 mL ^Z^ \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      44.31 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 22.74--43.68 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 13.55 mg/100 g DM pomace ^Z^ \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.31--0.42 mg/g DM extract ^Z^ \[[@B57-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.7 mg/100 g FW presscake ^Z\ X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.68 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], 16.77 mg/g DM extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.00091 g/L juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.032--0.738 mg/g tea infusion ^Z^ \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\], 153.8 mg/kg extract ^Z^ \[[@B114-molecules-24-03710]\], 79.95--100.21 mg/L juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710]\], 86.37--97.69 mg/L juice concentrate ^Z^ \[[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.08--0.10 mg/g DM dried fruits \[[@B90-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.2 mg/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.94 mg/100 mL fruit tea (decoction) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.58 mg/100 mL fruit tea (infusion) ^Z^ \[[@B95-molecules-24-03710]\], 498.80 mg/L extract ^Z^ \[[@B109-molecules-24-03710]\], 18.3 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (Rutin)\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i009.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Quercetin-3-*O*-glucuronide\                                 5.6 mg QGaE/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (Miquelianin)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  Quercetin-3-*O*-vicianoside\                                 2.6--4.3 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.36 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.84--5.41 mg QRE/100 g FW \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 36.4 mg QGaE/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.0 mg QRE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 4.5 mg QRE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.5 mg QGlE/100 g FW \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1.95--5.50 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.5--3.1 mg QRE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 8.80--43.48 QGlE mg/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.8--2.0 mg/L \[[@B111-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.15 mg QRE/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   45.32 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 20.41--43.20 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.9 mg QRE/100 g FW presscake ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.15 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.78 mg QRE/g DM extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (Peltatoside)\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i010.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Quercetin-3-*O*-xyloside                                     0.40 mg QE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.5 mg QGaE/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ND extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Quercetin-3-*O*-robinobioside\                               1.1--11.3 mg/100 g \[[@B1-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.03 mg/100 g \[[@B12-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.42--5.76 mg QRE/100 g FW \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 29.6 mg QGaE/kg \[[@B61-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.5 mg QRE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 3.1 mg QRE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 11.1 mg QGlE/100 g FW \[[@B110-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         4.94--10.75 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.6--2.1 mg QRE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 23.59--118.89 QGlE mg/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.17 mg QRE/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              47.45 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 25.60--50.52 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.4 mg QRE/100 g FW presscake ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.17 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\]
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i011.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Quercetin-*O*-dihexoside                                     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0.19--0.58 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1.96 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.31--3.04 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Quercetin-*O*-deoxyhexoside-hexoside                         3.64 mg/100 g FW \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Quercetin hexoside pentoside                                 \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       0.24 g QRE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Quercetin-arabinoglucoside\                                  6.63 mg/100 g FW \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0.22 mg QGlE/g \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             0.13 mg QGlE/g dried fruit \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.02 mg QGlE/g compote \[[@B78-molecules-24-03710]\]
  Quercetin 3-*O*-arabinoglucoside                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Quercetin 3-*O-*(6"-malonyl)-glucoside                       1.52 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Quercetin                                                    0.21 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.74 mg/100 g FW frozen ^Z^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.66 mg/100 g FW blanched ^Z^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 71.13 mg/kg ^Z^ \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.3--17.4 mg QRE/kg FW \[[@B75-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         0.19--0.40 mg/100 g FW ^Z\ X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.75--22.73 mg/L \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 64.4 mg/L ^Z^ \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.27 mg QRE/l \[[@B76-molecules-24-03710],[@B77-molecules-24-03710]\], 11.8 mg/100 mL \[[@B83-molecules-24-03710]\], ND-26.9 µg/mL ^Z^ \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ND \[[@B8-molecules-24-03710],[@B9-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.7--16.4 mg/100 g DM dried pomace fractions ^Z^ \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.66 mg/100 g FW presscake ^Z\ X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 11.6 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.00006 g QRE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], ND-0.243 mg/g tea infusion ^Z^ \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.9 mg/kg extract ^Z^ \[[@B114-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.6 mg/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 117.60 mg/L extract ^Z^ \[[@B109-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.56 mg/g extract \[[@B96-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.8 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\], 42.28 mg/100 g DM dried fruits ^Z\ Y^ \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Quercetin-diglucoside                                        9.24 mg QE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Chrysin\                                                     \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       3.5 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (5,7-Dihydroxyflavone)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  Hesperetin                                                   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       10.5 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Naringenin                                                   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       31.3 µg/100 g herbhoney ^Z^ \[[@B69-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Flavan-3-ols total/sum                                       \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       7281--13504 mg/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 6.6 g CE/l juice concentrate \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\], 3940.1 µg CE/g extract \[[@B89-molecules-24-03710]\], 93.90 mg/g extract \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\]

  (-)-Epicatechin\                                             467.35--862.50 mg/kg FW \[[@B3-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.76--32.18 mg/100 g FW \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.12 mg/100 g FW ^Z^ \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.04 mg/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], ND \[[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       12.71 mg/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 213.58--235.28 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 40.2 mg CE/l \[[@B35-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.48 mg/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 6.6--12.0 mg/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 174.53 mg/100 g DM fruit powder ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 236.19--260.13 mg/100 g DM pomace powder ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 11.41 mg/100 g DM pomace \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.95 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.77 mg/g extract ^Z^ \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\], 7.6 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\]
  ![](molecules-24-03710-i012.jpg)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  (+)-Catechin                                                 ND \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710],[@B62-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                87.66--107.18 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              122.70 mg/100 g DM fruit powder ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 142.81--180.27 mg/100 g DM pomace powder ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], ND extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], ND extract \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\], 19.93 mg/g extract ^Z^ \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Proanthocyanidins total\                                     8--178 g CE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 2.46--3.74 g PCB2E/100 g FW \[[@B56-molecules-24-03710]\], 845.2 mg CE/100 g FW frozen \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 868.6 mg CE/100 g FW blanched \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 9.25--13.5 mg CE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   4.6--15 g CE/kg FW \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 392.6--464.8 mg CE/100 g FW ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 60--72 CyE mg/100 mL \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 3529.1 mg CE/l \[[@B47-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.64--4.17 g CyE/l \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\], 240 mg CE/l \[[@B79-molecules-24-03710]\], 34.2 mg CE/100 mL \[[@B81-molecules-24-03710]\], 442 mg CE/100 g \[[@B82-molecules-24-03710]\], 3122.5 mg/L \[[@B85-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                524.2 mg CE/100 g FW presscake ^X^ \[[@B63-molecules-24-03710]\], 30.87--59.22 mg CE/100 mg DM powder \[[@B88-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.6 mg CE/g extract \[[@B89-molecules-24-03710]\], 83.8 mg CE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 129.87 mg/g extract \[[@B92-molecules-24-03710]\], 305 mg CE/g DM extract \[[@B93-molecules-24-03710]\], 39.2 mg CE/g extract \[[@B93-molecules-24-03710]\], 24--129 g CE/kg FW pomace \[[@B93-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (spectrophotometric method)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  Proanthocyanidins total/sum\                                 1426.66--1645.64 mg/100 g FW \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 80.50 mg ECE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 5181.60 mg/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 663.7 mg/100 g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 1564--3259μg CE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1472.27--2371.07 mg/100 g DM \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 1578.79 mg/100 g DM \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 3926.2 mg/L \[[@B84-molecules-24-03710]\], 293.38 mg/100 mL \[[@B112-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                7274--13492 mg/100 g DM dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 9977.84 mg/100 g DM fruit powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 6201.73--9714.57 mg/100 g DM pomace powder \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 8191.58 mg/100 g DM pomace \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 390.0 mg CGlE/kg extract \[[@B114-molecules-24-03710]\], 532.8 mg/100 g juice concentrate \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.14 mg CE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\], 146.4 mg/g extract \[[@B98-molecules-24-03710]\]
  (chromatographic method)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  Mean degree of polymerisation (mDP) polymeric procyanidins   19 \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 42--59 \[[@B13-molecules-24-03710]\], 23 \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  24 \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 23 \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\], 41 \[[@B45-molecules-24-03710]\], 12--52 \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               18 pomace \[[@B11-molecules-24-03710]\], 15.5--37.5 dried pomace fractions \[[@B19-molecules-24-03710]\], 34 pomace \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Mono-, di-, oligomeric flavan-3-ols                          326.55 mg/100 g DM \[[@B54-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Polymeric proanthocyanidins                                  3816.36 mg/100 g DM \[[@B54-molecules-24-03710]\], 1562--3258 µg CE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       14.9 g/kg extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Procyanidin B1                                               \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       10.27 mg/g extract ^Z^ \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Procyanidin B2                                               \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        21.90--28.19 mg/100 g DM ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               24.86 mg/100 g DM fruit powder ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], 36.40--42.13 mg/100 g DM pomace powder ^Z^ \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\], ND extract \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\], ND extract \[[@B97-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Monomers                                                     5.89 mg ECE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 5.17 mg/100 g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.01--0.02 µg CE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       60.0 mg/100 g juice concentrate \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.0088 mg CE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Dimers                                                       0.57 mg ECE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 12.48 mg/100 g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.10--0.39 µg CE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ND-423 µg/mL \[[@B101-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              101.5 mg/100 g juice concentrate \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.36 mg CE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Trimers                                                      0.79 mg ECE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 10.29 mg/100 g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.22--0.86 µg CE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       69.6 mg/100 g juice concentrate \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.66 mg CE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\]

  4˗6-mers                                                     40.32 mg/100 g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.48--1.75 µg CE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Tetramers                                                    0.70 mg ECE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       83.4 mg/100 g juice concentrate \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 1.24 mg CE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Pentamers                                                    0.75 mg ECE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       68.8 mg/100 g juice concentrate \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.76 mg CE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Hexamers                                                     1.04 mg ECE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       129.9 mg/100 g juice concentrate \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.34 mg CE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\]

  7˗10-mers                                                    52.87 mg/100 g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.10--0.36 µg CE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  Heptamers                                                    0.56 mg ECE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       60.7 mg/100 g juice concentrate \[[@B107-molecules-24-03710]\], 0.16 mg CE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Oktamers                                                     0.51 mg ECE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       0.064 mg CE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\]

  ≥Nonamers                                                    \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       0.54 mg CE/g extract \[[@B91-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Decamers                                                     0.16 mg ECE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-

  \>10-mers                                                    69.0 mg ECE/100 g FW \[[@B51-molecules-24-03710]\], 542.6 mg/100 g FW \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\], 1562--3258 µg CE/g DM \[[@B67-molecules-24-03710]\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \-
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DM: dry matter, FW: fresh weight, ND: not detected, Tr: trace, ^Z^: value calculated from the curve for the standard corresponding to the determined compound, ^X^: concentration on original berry weight basis, ^Y^: after hydrolysis. Equivalents: CaE: caffeic acid, CArE: cyanidin 3-*O*-arabinoside, CE: catechin, CGaE: cyanidin 3-*O*-galactoside, CGlE: cyanidin 3-*O*-glucoside, ChAE: chlorogenic acid, CoAE: *p*-coumaric acid, CRE: cyanidin 3-*O*-rutinoside, CyE: cyanidine, ECE: epicatechin, GAE: gallic acid, IE: isorhamnetin, IGaE: isorhamnetin 3-*O*-galactoside, KE: kaempferol, ME: myricetin, NChAE: neochlorogenic acid, NE: naringenin, PCAE: protocatechuic acid, PCB2E: procyanidin B2, PE: pelargonidin, QE: quercetin, QGaE: quercetin 3-*O*-galactoside, QGlE: quercetin 3-*O*-glucoside, QRE: quercetin 3-*O*-rutinoside, SAE: sinapic acid.

molecules-24-03710-t003_Table 3

###### 

Antioxidant activity of chokeberry fruits and products.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Product                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Experimental model                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Method                                                                                Result                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Reference
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Chokeberry juices from different growing seasons                                                                                                                                                                            Chokeberries (200 g) were mixed in a house blender. Juice was separated from the mash by subsequent\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               DPPH\                                                                                 juice~2012~ 14.6, juice~2013~ 13.4, juice~2014~ 12.9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Tolić et al. \[[@B5-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              pressing, bottled and stored at 4 °C.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \[mmol TE/l\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       juice~2013~ 179.5, juice~2012~ 166.7, juice~2014~ 128.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
  \[mmol Fe^2+^/l\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  Chokeberry products                                                                                                                                                                                                         Powdered fruits and pomace (2 g) were extracted with 50 mL of MeOH acidified with 2.0% formic acid. The extraction was performed twice by incubation for 20 min under sonication. Next, the slurry was centrifuged and the supernatant was filtered.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ABTS\                                                                                 powder from dried fruit 81.66, powder from pomace of uncrushed fruit 81.63, powder from pomace of crushed fruit 59.94, juice from crushed fruit 32.73, juice from uncrushed fruit 20.11                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Oszmiański and Lachowicz \[[@B33-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[mmol TE/100 g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       powder from dried fruit 53.78, powder from pomace of uncrushed fruit 52.22, powder from pomace of crushed fruit 32.61, juice from crushed fruit 20.20, juice from uncrushed fruit 9.81                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  \[mmol TE/100 g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  Dried chokeberry fruits by freeze drying (FD), vacuum-microwave drying (VMD), vacuum drying (VD), convection drying (CD), convection-vacuum-microwave drying (CVM)                                                          Chokeberry powder (5 g) was weighed into a test tube, 25 mL of 80% MeOH with 1% HCl was added, and the suspension was stirred slightly. Tubes were sonicated for 15 min twice and left at 4 °C for 24 h. Afterward, the extract was centrifuged and supernatants were collected.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ABTS\                                                                                 fresh 234.9, FD 114.7, CVM~2h+360/240~ 83.0, CVM~6h+360/120~ 82.7, CVM~6h+360/240~ 80.5, VMD~120W~ 78.4, CVM~2h+360/120~ 77.9, VMD~240W~ 77.2, VMD~480/120W~ 76.3, VMD~480/240W~ 76.2, VMD~360/240W~ 75.9, VD 75.3, CD~70\ °C~ 75.0, VMD~240/120W~ 73.2, VMD~360/120W~ 72.3, CD~60\ °C~ 52.4, CD~50\ °C~ 41.9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Samoticha et al. \[[@B58-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[mmol TE/100 g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Fresh 39.0, FD 26.3, CVM~2h+360/240~ 23.8, CVM~6h+360/240~ 22.1, CVM~6h+360/120~ 21.5, VMD~360/240W~ 20.7, VMD~480/240W~ 19.7, VD 19.5, CVM~2h+360/120~ 19.3, VMD~480/120W~ 19.3, VMD~240W~ 19.1, VMD~120W~ 18.5, VMD~240/120W~ 17.8g, CD~70\ °C~ 17.7, VMD~360/120W~ 17.5, CD~60\ °C~ 16.1, CD~50\ °C~ 15.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  \[mmol TE/100 g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  Commercial chokeberry juices                                                                                                                                                                                                Not specified.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ABTS\                                                                                 20.39--91.21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Sosnowska et al. \[[@B40-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[mmol TE/1\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       19.02--106.13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  \[mmol TE/1\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       12.19--61.09                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  \[mmol TE/1\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Fruit extracts                                                                                                                                                                                                              Freeze-dried fruits were disintegrated with mill and were triplicate extracted with 70% EtOH. Samples were dried, then dissolved in distilled water and percolated through an Amberlite XAD4 column to adsorb polyphenols. Polyphenols were obtained after washing the column with 70% ethanol. The collected fraction was evaporated in a vacuum evaporator until dry mass.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposome oxidation inhibition \[IC~50~ μg/mL\]               chokeberry 24.6, blackcurrant 30.9, rosehip 33.5, hawthorn 45.9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Strugała et al. \[[@B113-molecules-24-03710]\]

  Dried pomaces                                                                                                                                                                                                               Dried, milled and sieved fruits pomace (6--10 g) were extracted in two steps with 100 mL of eluent (50 + 50) deionized H~2~O (temp. 100 °C) and left for 5 min. Mixture was shaken for 15 min and then filtered through a 45 μm filter. The extracts were collected and evaporated on a rotary evaporator at 40 °C.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                DPPH\                                                                                 blackcurrant 68.2, chokeberry 67.0, apple 47.3, strawberry 39.3, carrot 37.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Pieszka et al. \[[@B16-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[%\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  TRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry 179, apple 96, black currant 82, strawberry 61, carrot 50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
  \[μg TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  Selected edible fruits and their leaves                                                                                                                                                                                     Fruits (0.5 g) and leaves (0.2 g) were freeze dried and extracted by 10 mL of mixture containing MeOH (30 mL/100 mL), ascorbic acid (2.0 g/100 mL) and acetic acid (1.0 mL/100 mL) of reagent. The extracts were sonicated for 15 min, left for 24 h at 4 °C in darkness, sonicated again for 15 min and centrifuged.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ABTS\                                                                                 quince~leaves~ 116.49, cranberry~leaves~ 96.02, bilberry~leaves~ 79.30, Japanese quince~leaves~ 60.30, chokeberry~fruits~ 52.31, chokeberry~leaves~ 50.01, apple~leaves~ 35.94, bilberry~fruits~ 35.34, blackcurrant~leaves~ 32.91, Japanese quince~fruits~ 32.88, blackcurrant~fruits~ 22.47, cranberry~fruits~ 14.61, apple~fruits~ 8.72, quince~fruits~7.85                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Teleszko and Wojdyło \[[@B54-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[mM TE/100 g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       quince~leaves~ 65.25, bilberry~leaves~ 59.58, cranberry~leaves~ 43.17, chokeberry~leaves~ 40.55, Japanese quince~leaves~ 40.09, chokeberry~fruits~ 36.64, bilberry~fruits~ 26.81, Japanese quince~fruits~ 19.51, blackcurrant~leaves~ 19.16, apple~leaves~ 15.30, blackcurrant~fruits~ 11.82, cranberry~fruits~ 8.40, quince~fruits~ 5.43, apple~fruits~ 3.44                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  \[mM TE/100 g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  Chokeberry products: (juices (J), powders (P), capsules (C), fruit teas (FT), dried berries (DB))                                                                                                                           Samples (6 g) were mixed with 20 mL of MeOH/2% HCl (95:5 *v*/*v*). After 60 min the solution was filtered under vacuum in a 50 mL. Extraction of the residue was repeated using the same conditions. The filtrates were combined and adjusted to 50 mL with MeOH/2% HCl (95:5 *v*/*v*).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DPPH\                                                                                 DB~2~ 191.31, DB~1~ 183.52, FT~3~ 163.33, FT~4~ 153.96, FT~1~ 149.44, P~3~ 131.06, FT~2~ 111.43, P~2~ 105.68, P~1~ 95.00, C~2~ 80.93, C~1~ 58.49, J~10~ 40.19, J~8~ 34.22, J~1~ 33.37, J1~1~ 28.12, J~9~ 26.25, J~2~ 23.03, J~6~ 20.66, J~4~ 19.47, J~5~ 18.29, J~7~ 16.51, J~2~ 12.09                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Tolić et al. \[[@B34-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[mmol TE/l juice or mmol TE/100 g DM powder, capsules, fruit teas, dried berries\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       J~6~ 79.86, J~1~ 76.14, J~4~ 72.43, J~8~ 71.50, P~2~ 68.60, C~1~ 65.82, J~10~ 62.92, P~1~ 60.66, C~2~ 60.35, J~11~ 60.13, J~2~ 51.50, J~2~ 48.76, J~5~ 48.64, P~3~ 47.38, FT~2~ 43.12, J~7~ 38.98, J~9~ 38.71, FT~1~ 32.74, DB~1~ 21.51, DB~2~ 17.40, FT~4~ 15.94, FT~3~ 13.50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  \[mmol of Fe^2+^/l juice or mmol of Fe^2+^/100 g DM powder, capsules, fruit teas, dried berries\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  Different fruits extracts                                                                                                                                                                                                   Powdered, freeze dried fruits (5 g) were extracted with 100 mL 80% acetone in 0.2% formic acid at room temperature for 1 h. After that, the samples were centrifuged and concentrated via rotary evaporation to a volume of 15 mL in order to fully remove the acetone. Then the volume was adjusted to 50 mL with ultra clean H~2~O and the extracts were centrifuged.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ORAC\                                                                                 rosehip 93677.6; hawthorn 73804.6; blueberry 72487.2; chokeberry 55505.7; blackcurrant 46421.7; rowanberry 23689.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Denev et al. \[[@B122-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μmol TE/l\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  TRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       rosehip 87109.4; hawthorn 51125.1; blueberry 43433.6; chokeberry 43217.1; rowanberry 34612.0; blackcurrant 33510.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
  \[μmol TE/l\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  H-ORAC\                                                                                                                                                                                                                     rosehip 76069.4; hawthorn 31328.5; blueberry 26339.0; chokeberry 22506.0; blackcurrant 20019.3; rowanberry 15373.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
  \[μmol GAE/L\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  Lipid peroxidation\                                                                                                                                                                                                         blackcurrant\> rowanberry\> blueberry \> chokeberry \> rosehip \> hawthorn\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
  \[% of control\]                                                                                                                                                                                                            \                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              autoxidation of linoleic acid was effectively inhibited by blueberry, rowanberry and blackcurrant extracts at the end of the first day of storage.\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The inhibition of hydroperoxide formation by these fruits and, in addition by chokeberry, was observed also after the third day of linoleic acid autoxidation (less than 50% of control). Finally, hydroperoxide formation was inhibited to more than 50% of the control value by all extracts analysed after 6 days of linoleic acid autoxidation. Extract from blueberry was the most effective as it diminished the hydroperoxides to 8% of control value.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  Dried (D) and candied (C) fruits                                                                                                                                                                                            Dried and homogenized whole edible parts of fruits (15 g) were dispersed in 20 mL of 62.5% aqueous methanol containing 2 g/L of TBHQ. To this extract 5 mL of 6M HCl was added, the hydrolysis was carried out in a shaking water bath at 85 °C for 2 h. Then the sample was filtered, made up to 50 mL with methanol, and sonicated (5 min.).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ABTS\                                                                                 chokeberries~D~ 21.378, bilberries~D~ 17.996, cherries~C~ 3.038, plums~D~ 2.913, grapes (amber light) ~D~ 2.188, apricots~D~ 1.377, cranberries~C~ 0.835, grapes (amber dark)~D~ 0.648, dates~C~ 0.621f, figs~D~ 0.388                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Miletić et al. \[[@B99-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[mmol/100 g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       bilberries~D~ 2130.23, chokeberries~D~ 1815.08, plums~D~ 503.65, dates~C~ 388.98, apricots~D~ 317.56, grapes (amber light) ~D~ 264.56, cherries~C~ 254.64, grapes (amber dark) ~D~ 152.53, cranberries~C~ 139.80, figs~D~ 129.55                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
  \[μmol/100 g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  Wild and cultivated small fruits                                                                                                                                                                                            Frozen fruits (6 g) were homogenized and mixed with 10 mL of ethyl acetate. The procedure was repeated four times. Extract (20 mL) was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in 4 mL of MeOH.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        DPPH\                                                                                 blackberry 0.2125, chokeberry 0.1065, cherry 0.1030, blackthorn 0.0785, raspberry 0.0725                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mitic et al. \[[@B123-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μmol TE/mg DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  ABTS\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       blackberry 0.3616, cherry 0.2552, chokeberry 0.1808, blackthorn 0.1704, raspberry 0.1576                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  \[μmol TE/mg DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  total reducing power\                                                                                                                                                                                                       blackberry 0.1920, cherry 0.1720, aronia 0.1540, blackthorn 0.1440, raspberry 0.1180                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
  \[μmol AAE/mg DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       blackberry 1.0900, aronia 0.6120, cherry 0.5660, blackthorn 0.4100, raspberry 0.3780                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
  \[μmol Fe/mg DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  Different fruits                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fruits (20 g) were extracted with 70% acetone (200 mL) at room temperature for 60 min with stirring. After centrifugation, and filtration, the supernatants were concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporator. The aqueous phase was diluted to 25 mL with H~2~O.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ABTS\                                                                                 chokeberry 124.66, bilberry 54.17, blue honeysuckle 51.54, blackcurrant 35.75, lingonberry 34.82, blackberry 28.91, blueberry 27.09, red gooseberry 24.39, red currant 23.45, cranberry 20.43, raspberry 20.36, green gooseberry 18.56, strawberry 16.56, pomegranate 14.02, sour cherry 10.70, grape pink 10.38, apple 8.77, sweet cherry 6.00, orange 4.80, pineapple 4.02, red grapefruit 3.69, mandarine 3.54, pomelo 3.25, plum 'Węgierka Zwykła' 2.03, kiwi 1.97, banana 1.83, pear 'Nashi' 1.65, peach 1.59, pear 'Lukasówka' 1.46, plum 'Renkloda' 0.84                                                                         Podsędek et al. \[[@B124-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μmol TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry 94.24, blue honeysuckle 49.52, bilberry 41.70, blackcurrant 29.93, blackberry 23.36, lingonberry 22.28, red gooseberry 16.99, blueberry 16.86, raspberry 16.81, red currant 16.68, cranberry 12.74, green gooseberry 12.28, strawberry 9.95, sour cherry 9.12, pomegranate 7.62, grape pink 6.10, apple 4.98, sweet cherry 4.34, pineapple 4.01, orange 3.50, red grapefruit 3.08, pomelo 2.22, mandarine 1.66, plum 'Węgierka Zwykła' 1.49, kiwi 1.46, banana 1.15, pear 'Lukasówka' 0.81, peach 0.79, pear 'Nashi' 0.76, plum 'Renkloda' 0.66                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
  \[μmol TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Commercially available *Aronia melanocarpa* tea infusions (TI)                                                                                                                                                              Tea sample (2 g) were infused with 200 mL deionized H~2~O heated to 95 °C for 10 min. The solutions were filtered and washed with deionized H~2~O, cooled to room temperature and diluted to 250 mL with deionized H~2~O.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          DPPH\                                                                                 TI~2~ 0.074, TI~3~ 0.068, TI~1~ 0.067, TI~5~ 0.058, TI~4~ 0.055                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Veljković et al. \[[@B108-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[mmol TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  ABTS\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       TI~2~ 2.744, TI~3~ 2.731, TI~1~ 2.715, TI~5~ 0.089, TI~4~ 0.076                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
  \[mmol TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       TI~4~ 0.153, TI~1~ 0.147, TI~3~ 0.147, TI~5~ 0.144, TI~2~ 0.136                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
  \[mmol Fe/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  reducing power\                                                                                                                                                                                                             TI~4~ 3.48, TI~5~ 2.14, TI~1~ 1.36, TI~3~ 0.88, TI~2~ 0.53                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
  \[mmol AAE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  Different fruits                                                                                                                                                                                                            Homogenized fruits (2 g) were mixed with 20 mL of 0.2% formic acid in 80% acetone solution. Extraction was conducted at room temperature for 1 h. After that, the samples were centrifuged and supernatants were removed. The solid residues were subjected to the second extraction under the same conditions. Both supernatants were combined.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ORAC\                                                                                 elderberry 205.4, brier 201.1, chokeberry 160.8, hawthorn 153.6, blueberry 98.8, blackcurrant 96.0, rowanberry 80.9, blackthorn 79.1, blackberry 74.2, cranberry 70.0, sour cherry 58.6, cornel cherry 49.0, strawberry 47.2, raspberry 38.9, red grapes 26.8, cherry 25.8, pomegranate 19.7, apple 13.8, fig 13.6, plum 10.8, apricot 7.2, white grapes 6.3, peach 6.2, pumpkin 4.9, watermelon 3.8, honeydew melon 2.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                Denev et al. \[[@B50-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μmol TE/g FW\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  Black chokeberry (*Aronia melanocarpa*) powders from commercial pure clack chokeberry juice (Rabenhorst, Germany), obtained by different drying processes: freeze drying (FD), spray drying (SD), oven vacuum drying (OV)   Juice (5 l) was centrifuged (15 min, 5950× g). The supernatant was loaded into XAD-16 column, sugars were removed by H~2~O, phenolic compounds were removed by EtOH. The remaining solvent was evaporated at 40 °C up to the final volume of aqueous extract 2 l. Extracts was subjected to different drying processes. Dry powders was resolubilized with 5 mL of 20% MeOH (*v*/*v*) by 60 sec sonication followed 60 sec of vortexing. The procedure was repeated (3 ×). In case of PCL assay extraction of the hydrophilic antioxidants required about 10 mg of the powders followed by the addition of 10 mL of deionized H~2~O treated in an ultrasonic bath for 2 min, vortexed for 1 min (3 ×) and centrifuged. The same procedure was applied to extraction of lipophilic compounds with MeOH. All extracts obtained were filtered (0.45μm PTFE filter).   ABTS\                                                                                 SD 251.34, FD 180.45, OV~40\ °C~ 175.85, OV~60\ °C~ 165.47, OV~80\ °C~ 158.08                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Horszwald et al. \[[@B88-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μmol TE/100 mg DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       SD 26.49, FD 24.68, OV~40\ °C~ 22.81, OV~60\ °C~ 20.20, OV~80\ °C~ 15.80                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  \[μmol TE/100 mg DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       SD 248.56, FD 193.69, OV~60\ °C~ 179.91, OV~80\ °C~ 171.38, OV~40\ °C~ 165.27                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  \[μmol TE/100 mg DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  PCL ACW\                                                                                                                                                                                                                    OV~40\ °C~ 291.94, OV~60\ °C~ 289.79, FD 282.34, SD 279.33, OV~80\ °C~ 238.72                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  \[μmol TE/100 mg DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  PCL ACL\                                                                                                                                                                                                                    FD 476.15, OV~40\ °C~ 447.06, OV~60\ °C~ 436.79, OV~80\ °C~ 427.36, SD 411.73                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  \[μmol TE/100 mg DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  Black chokeberry fruits and products                                                                                                                                                                                        Sample (2 g) was extracted in a cooled ultrasonic bath for 15 min using 5 mL of 75% MeOH containing 0.1% (*v*/*v*) formic acid. Samples were then centrifuged for 10 min at 83 Hz and the supernatant was collected. This procedure was repeated four times until the total volume reached 20 mL.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ABTS\                                                                                 dried fruit~1~ 74.0, dried fruit~2~ 54.4, pomace 49.6 concentrate 22.0, fruit 11.0, juice~2~ 10.8, juice~3~ 10.8, juice~1~ 9.8, jam~2~ 9.8, compote 9.4, jam~1~ 9.0, syrup 3.7, sour cherry-chokeberry syrup 2.0, raspberry-chokeberry syrup 1.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Kapci et al. \[[@B7-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[g TE/kg FW\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       dried fruit~1~ 36.3, dried fruit~2~ 30.5, pomace 25.2, fruit 11.3, concentrate 10.8, jam~2~ 8.7, juice~2~ 6.2, juice~3~ 5.8, juice~1~ 5.7, jam~1~ 5.0, compote 4.8, syrup 2.2, sour cherry-chokeberry syrup 2.0, raspberry-chokeberry syrup 0.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
  \[g TE/kg FW\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  CUPRAC\                                                                                                                                                                                                                     dried fruit~1~ 257.2, dried fruit~2~ 233.2, pomace 192.4, concentrate 74.5, fruit 67.7, jam~2~ 57.4, juice~2~ 35.1, juice~1~ 33.8, jam~1~ 33.6, compote 33.2, juice~3~ 30.7, syrup 13.4, sour cherry-chokeberry syrup 5.2, raspberry-chokeberry syrup 3.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
  \[g TE/kg FW\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  Berry fruit ethanol extracts                                                                                                                                                                                                Not specified.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ABTS\                                                                                 blackcurrant 'Titania' 56.8, chokeberry 'Nero' 53.2, blackberry 'Polar' 51.7, raspberry 'Polana' 28.5, highbush blueberry 'Bluecrop' 27.3, red chokeberry 'Brilliant' 23.8, red currant 'Heros' 22.1, white currants 'Blanca' 7.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Najda and Łabuda \[[@B73-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[µM TE/g FW\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry 'Nero' 199.4, blackcurrant 'Titania'138.90, blackberry 'Polar' 129.3, red chokeberry 'Brilliant' 63.2, raspberry 'Polana' 59.4, red currant 'Heros' 48.3, highbush blueberry 'Bluecrop' 40.4, white currants 'Blanca' 19.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
  \[µM TE/g FW\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry 'Nero' 112.5, blackcurrant 'Titania' 108.4, blackberry 'Polar' 97.1, highbush blueberry 'Bluecrop' 34.5, red chokeberry 'Brilliant' 34.1, red currant 'Heros' 31.7, raspberry 'Polana' 27.5, white currants 'Blanca' 12.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
  \[µM Fe/g FW\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  Berry extracts: aqueous (W), 100% acetone (Ac) and 100% hexane (He)                                                                                                                                                         Lyophilized berries were extracted with water, 100% of acetone and 100% of hexane (concentration 25 mg/mL) at room temperature twice during 3 h.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ABTS\                                                                                 murtilla non-ripe 620.7, murtilla ripe 446.6, blueberries Poland 254.8, chokeberry 219.3, murteola ripe 200.6, blueberries Chile 197.7, murteola non-ripe 144.4, raspberries 82.5, murtilla non-ripe 56.42, murtilla ripe 29.89, blueberries Poland 26.59, murteola non-ripe 19.79, chokeberry 15.14, murteola ripe 10.08, blueberries Chile 9.79, raspberries 7.61, raspberries 3.25, chokeberry 2.80, murtilla non-ripe 2.30, murteola non-ripe 1.54, blueberries Chile 1.11, murtilla ripe 1.10, blueberries Poland 0.98, murteola ripe 0.60                                                                                         Arancibia-Avila et al. \[[@B125-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μM TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       murtilla non-ripe 334.7, murtilla ripe 208.9, murteola ripe 102.4, blueberries Chile 94.5, chokeberry 87.2, blueberries Poland 75.1, murteola non-ripe 64.6, raspberries 27.7, murtilla non-ripe 23.76, murtilla ripe 16.43, blueberries Poland 15.01, murteola non-ripe 9.32, murteola ripe 4.00, chokeberry 3.55, raspberries 3.29, blueberries Chile 3.01, raspberries 2.14, chokeberry 1.19, murtilla non-ripe 1.15, murteola non-ripe 0.98, blueberries Poland 0.44, blueberries Chile 0.37, murtilla ripe 0.35, murteola ripe 0.18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  \[μM TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       murtilla non-ripe 327.3, murtilla ripe 208.9, blueberries Poland 177.3, murteola ripe 76.0, blueberries Chile 73.3, chokeberry 57.4, murteola non-ripe 43.0, murtilla non-ripe 41.46, raspberries 27.7, murtilla ripe 20.87, blueberries Poland 11.59, murteola non-ripe 8.38, blueberries Chile 5.59, murteola ripe 2.94, chokeberry 2.84, raspberries 2.80, raspberries 1.99, chokeberry 0.89, murtilla non-ripe 0.89, blueberries Chile 0.58, murteola non-ripe 0.52, blueberries Poland 0.31, murtilla ripe 0.30, murteola ripe 0.16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  \[μM TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  CUPRAC\                                                                                                                                                                                                                     murtilla non-ripe 600.5, murtilla ripe 428.5, blueberries Poland 250.9, chokeberry 212.9, blueberries Chile 154.0, murteola ripe 116.8, murteola non-ripe 82.9, murtilla non-ripe 38.79, blueberries Poland 33.27, raspberries 30.4, murtilla ripe 28.65, murteola non-ripe 14.11, blueberries Chile 13.45, murteola ripe 7.72, chokeberry 7.16, raspberries 6.09, raspberries 4.56, murtilla non-ripe 3.18, chokeberry 3.12, murteola non-ripe 2.86, blueberries Poland 2.78, blueberries Chile 2.68, murtilla ripe 0.77, murteola ripe 0.12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  \[μM TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  Different fruits                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fruits were extracted with H~2~O containing 200 ppm of SO~2~ (ratio of solvent to fruits 3:10). Then the extract was adsorbed on Purolite AP 400 resin for further purification. The polyphenols were then eluted out with 80% EtOH, concentrated and freeze dried.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ABTS\                                                                                 apple 5.65, strawberry 4.80, chokeberry 4.15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Bonarska-Kujawa et al. \[[@B70-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[µmol TE/mg DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  Linoleic acid oxidation\                                                                                                                                                                                                    apple 47.1, chokeberry 44.4, strawberry 43.1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  \[antioxidant activity index min/(µg DM/mL)\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Erythrocyte membranes UV oxidation\                                                                                                                                                                                         Trolox 0.0146, apple 0.0286, chokeberry 0.0520, strawberry 0.0529                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
  \[I~50~ mg/mL DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  Erythrocyte membranes AAPH oxidation \[I~50~ mg/mL DM\]                                                                                                                                                                     Trolox 0.00390, apple 0.00794, chokeberry 0.00955, strawberry 0.02423                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  Wild chokeberry and cultivars                                                                                                                                                                                               Homogenized berries (15 g) were extracted (3 × 15mL) in the EtOH solution containing 1% hydrochloric acid. Combined extracts were shaken for 30 min and left to stand 24 h. Than the extracts were evaporated using a rotary evaporator.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           DPPH\                                                                                 wild 0.46, 'Nero' 0.91, 'Viking' 0.94, 'Galicianka' 2.46                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Jakobek et al. \[[@B2-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[EC~50~ g fruit/g DPPH\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  Fruit juices                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fresh juice (1 mL) was diluted up to the volume of 25 mL. Part of solution was centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 20 min at 4 °C. Supernatant solution was used for analysis. Additionally, non-centrifuged juices were analysed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ORAC\                                                                                 non-centrifuged samples: black chokeberry 1086.60, blackcurrant 500.80, red currant 422.60, apple 389.40, cranberry 379.70, pomegranate 340.50, blueberry 297.80, lime 285.10, lemon 223.10, grapefruit 105.04, aloe vera 81.35, red orange 71.72, black grapes 58.60, kumquat 38.16, white grapes 30.82\                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Keskin-Šašić et al. \[[@B126-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μmol TE/100 mL\]                                                                    Centrifuged samples: blackcurrant 1271.80, black chokeberry 666.60, red currant 540.50, cranberry 336.60, blueberry 206.80, grapefruit 200.30, apple 196.40, pomegranate 151.40, kumquat 133.50, lemon 125.90, lime 111.90, black grapes 94.30, red orange 35.68, white grapes 31.10, aloe vera 27.07                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  Different berry extracts                                                                                                                                                                                                    Lyophilized berries were extracted with MeOH (concentration 25 mg/mL) at room temperature twice during 3 h.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ABTS\                                                                                 murtilla non-ripe 878.18, murtilla ripe 405.76, blueberries Poland 265.92, murtilla-like berries non-ripe 244.22, chokeberry 152.63, blueberries Chile 150.45, raspberries 80.04, murtilla-like berries ripe 65.35                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Arancibia-Avila et al. \[[@B89-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μM TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       murtilla non-ripe 486.92, murtilla ripe 204.21, blueberries Poland 149.04, chokeberry 100.81, murtilla-like berries non-ripe 81.32, blueberries Chile 67.12, murtilla-like berries ripe 34.12, raspberries 33.98                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
  \[μM TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  CUPRAC\                                                                                                                                                                                                                     murtilla non-ripe 1012.42, murtilla ripe 507.89, blueberries Poland 265.76, chokeberry 215.85, murtilla-like berries non-ripe 203.83, blueberries Chile 141.36, murtilla-like berries ripe 92.36, raspberries 69.91                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
  \[μM TE/g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  Fruit and vegetable snacks extracts (chips and puffings)                                                                                                                                                                    Chips and puffings (100 g) were freeze dried, minced and macerated with 80% EtOH (500 mL) for 24 h at room temperature (repeated 3 times). Collected extracts were filtered, centrifuged, then the EtOH was evaporated. Powdered extracts were kept frozen until further use (−18 °C).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ABTS\                                                                                 chokeberry~puffing~ 37.44, blackcurrant~puffing~ 18.61, strawberry~puffing~ 16.16, apple-banana~chips~ 13.16, apple~chips~ 11.76, apple-blackcurrant~chips~ 10.74, apple-orange~chips~ 10.59, carrot~puffing~ 2.23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Gramza-Michałowska and Człapka-Matyasik \[[@B127-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[mg TE/g DM extract\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

  ABTS\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry~puffing~ 20.11, blackcurrant~puffing~ 38.92, strawberry~puffing~ 46.28, apple-banana~chips~ 55.62, apple~chips~ 64.79, apple-orange~chips~ 69.95, apple-blackcurrant~chips~ 71.92, carrot~puffing~ 437.12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
  \[EC~50~ mg/mL\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry~puffing~ 6.82, strawberry~puffing~ 6.40, apple-orange~chips~ 5.38, apple-blackcurrant~chips~ 5.31, apple-banana~chips~ 5.29, blackcurrant~puffing~ 5.28, apple~chips~ 5.02, carrot~puffing~ 3.47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
  \[mg TE/g DM extract\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry~puffing~ 10.04, strawberry~puffing~ 11.23, apple-orange~chips~ 12.67, blackcurrant~puffing~ 12.71, apple-banana~chips~ 13.11, apple-blackcurrant~chips~ 14.28, apple~chips~ 14.72, carrot~puffing~ 23.19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
  \[EC~50~ mg/ml\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  Berry fruits                                                                                                                                                                                                                Homogenized fruits (50 g) were mixed with 150 mL 1% citric acid in H~2~O and extracted on an orbital shaker at 60ºC for 1 h.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ORAC\                                                                                 elderberry 5783, blueberry 5646, chokeberry 5165, blackberry 4042, blackcurrant 3949                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Denev et al. \[[@B36-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μmol TE/g DM extract\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  TRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry 4051, elderberry 3230, blueberry 2860, blackberry 2771, blackcurrant 2132                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
  \[μmol TE/g DM extract\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  H-ORAC\                                                                                                                                                                                                                     blueberry 1293, chokeberry 1265, elderberry 1264, blackcurrant 874, blackberry 834                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
  \[μmol GAE/g DM extract\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  TBARS\                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Chokeberry \> elderberry \> blackcurrant \> blueberry \> blackberry \> control                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  \[inhibition of induced lipid peroxidation\] \[nmol/mL\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  NO scavenging activity time \[sec\]                                                                                                                                                                                         blueberry 183, chokeberry 215, blackcurrant 280, elderberry 290, blackberry 363, control 947                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  Fruit products: purees, concentrates, juices                                                                                                                                                                                Puree (1.5 g) was mixed with 5 mL H~2~O, and vortexed for 1 min. Afterwards, the solution was centrifuged at 3800 g for 5 min. The supernatants were collected in 20 mL volumetric flasks (procedure was repeated 3 times). After the last extraction, the flasks were filled up to the mark and aliquots of 1.5 mL were centrifuged.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              FRAP\                                                                                 acerola 17.23, chokeberry 9.79, elderberry 9.33, boysenberry 5.90, blackcurrant 5.24, blackberry 4.53, açai-lime 4.09, lingonberry 3.90, strawberry 2.93, grape 2.91, cranberry 2.28, pomegranate 1.66, apple 1.33, orange 0.48                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Müller et al. \[[@B128-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[mmol Fe^2+^/100 g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

  ABTS\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       acerola 10.57, chokeberry 9.73, elderberry 9.66, grape 5.92, blackcurrant 5.50, boysenberry 4.38, açai-lime 4.00, lingonberry 3.94, blackberry 3.08, cranberry 2.21, strawberry 2.08, pomegranate 1.75, apple 1.10, orange 0.40                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
  \[mmol TE/100 g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  ORAC\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry 11.45, elderberry 10.27, acerola 9.42, açai-lime 7.68, blackcurrant 6.99, boysenberry 5.31, strawberry 3.83, lingonberry 3.74, grape 3.49, blackberry 3.44, cranberry 2.57, pomegranate 2.50, apple 1.66, orange 1.07                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
  \[mmol TE/100 g\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  Chokeberry fruits- different cultivars                                                                                                                                                                                      Fresh samples (10 g) were homogenized for 10 s in 100 mL of MeOH. The resulting paste was placed into Erlenmeyer flasks (120 mL) for 24 h at 25 °C, and the residue was then extracted with two additional portions of MeOH. The combined MeOH extracts were evaporated at 40 °C and redissolved in MeOH at a concentration of 100 mg/mL.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          DPPH\                                                                                 'Viking' 15.96, 'Nero' 15.32, 'Hugin' 11.15, 'Aron' 9.02, 'Fertödi' 8.89                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Rop et al. \[[@B3-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[g AAE/kg\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  hydroxyl radical (OH^•^) scavenging activity\                                                                                                                                                                               'Viking' 34.15, 'Nero' 33.51, 'Hugin' 31.12, 'Aron' 25.01, 'Fertödi' 22.08                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
  \[% inhibition\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  nitric oxide (NO^•^) scavenging activity\                                                                                                                                                                                   'Viking' 41.46, 'Nero' 37.30, 'Hugin' 33.10, 'Aron' 28.42, 'Fertödi' 27.59                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
  \[% inhibition\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  superoxide anion (O~2~^•−^) scavenging activity\                                                                                                                                                                            'Viking' 36.92, 'Nero' 35.96, 'Hugin' 30.48, 'Aron' 22.22, 'Fertödi' 21.24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
  \[% inhibition\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  lipid peroxidation (TBARS)\                                                                                                                                                                                                 'Viking' 19.81, 'Nero' 19.22, 'Hugin' 16.19, 'Aron' 12.57, 'Fertödi' 12.05                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
  \[inhibition activity%\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  Berry fruits                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ground berries (5 g) with 25 mL of MeOH at ambient temperature for 2 h with constant shaking. The solution was filtered, and the residue was repeatedly extracted with 20 mL of MeOH for 2 h. Finally, extracts were combined.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     DPPH\                                                                                 chokeberry var. 'cleata'≥ chokeberry 'Viking'≥ chokeberry 'Aron' \> raspberry 'Bristol'\> raspberry 'Meeker'\> elderberry 'Lacimiata'\> raspberry 'Poranna Rosa'\> elderberry 'Aurea'                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Viskelis et al. \[[@B129-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[inhibition%\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  Different berries                                                                                                                                                                                                           Berries (20 g) were grinded in MeOH (20 mL) acidified with HCl (0.1%). After 60 min the solution was filtered. The residue was extracted again, and the extracts were combined and diluted to volume of 50 mL with MeOH acidified with HCl (0.1%).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 DPPH\                                                                                 chokeberry \> blackberry\> red raspberry\> strawberry                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Jakobek et al. \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[inhibition %\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  Fruit juices                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fruits (500 g) were thawed at room temperature, then processed in juice extractor natural fruit juice was centrifuged.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             DPPH\                                                                                 chokeberry 72.44, elderberry 62.14, blackcurrant 30.15, sour cherry 12.52, blackberry 8.75, red raspberry 8.20, strawberry 4.39, sweet cherry 4.07                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Jakobek et al. \[[@B74-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μmol TE/mL\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  Fruit pomaces                                                                                                                                                                                                               The pomace was thawed and dried in the air dryer (50 °C, 2 h) before the analysis. Subsequently dried pomaces were ground and subjected to extraction in 80% EtOH.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ABTS\                                                                                 honeysuckle 62.24, blackcurrant 56.88, chokeberry 53.2, strawberry 23.32, Japanese quince 13.97                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Nawirska et al. \[[@B119-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[µM TE/g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry 199.4, blackcurrant 138.81, honeysuckle 65.27, strawberry 58.67, Japanese quince 18.21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
  \[µM TE/g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

  FRAP\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry 12.53, honeysuckle 11.13, Japanese quince 6.12, blackcurrant 5.24, strawberry 2.75                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
  \[µM Fe^3+^/g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  Black chokeberry fruits, juice and pomace                                                                                                                                                                                   Freeze-dried sample (1 g) was homogenized in 20 mL of MeOH. The slurry was filtered and filtrate was diluted in MeOH.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ABTS\                                                                                 pomace 779.58, fruits 439.49, juice 314.05                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Oszmiański and Wojdyło \[[@B53-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μM TE/100 g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       pomace 301.89, fruits 279.38, juice 127.45                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
  \[μM TE/100 g DM\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  Berry fruits                                                                                                                                                                                                                20 mL of MeOH/HCl 2% (95:5 *v*/*v*) were added to 20 g frozen berries. After 60 min, the berries were homogenized and centrifuged for 15 min at 3000 rpm. The supernatant solution was filtered under vacuum, and the residue was extracted again the same way. The solution was diluted to volume with MeOH/HCl 2%.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               DPPH\                                                                                 black currant 'Tsema' 1.0, black chokeberry 'Nero' 1.8, blackcurrant 'Ben Lomond' 1.8, blackcurrant 'Silvergieters' 2.5, blackcurrant 'Burga' 2.7, blackcurrant 'Baldwin' 2.9, blackcurrant 'Tenah' 3.4, blackcurrant 'Noir De Bourgogne' 3.6, blackcurrant 'Black Down' 4.2, redcurrant 'Rotet' 4.3, blackberry 'Smoothstem' 4.6, blackberry 'Thornless Boy Sembes' 5.2, raspberry 'Sumner' 5.5, blackberry 'Black Diamond' 5.7, blackberry 'Darrow' 5.7, red currant 'Rosetta' 5.7, red currant 'Red Lake' 5.9, blackberry 'Hull Thornless' 6.2, blackberry 'Chester' 7.6, blackberry 'Black Satin' 9.5, raspberry 'September' 10.9   Benvenuti et al. \[[@B120-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[EC~50~ mg fruit\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  Juice concentrates                                                                                                                                                                                                          Not specified.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ABTS\                                                                                 blackcurrant 104.3, chokeberry 103.2, elderberry 98.7, redcurrant 36.0, strawberry 30.0, raspberry 24.7, red grape 23.1, cherry 18.7, plum 8.8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Bermúdez-Soto and Tomás-Barberán \[[@B87-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[mg TE/mL\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

  DPPH\                                                                                                                                                                                                                       chokeberry 60.0, blackcurrant 55.3, elderberry 43.3, redcurrant 23.1, strawberry 16.6, raspberry 13.4, red grape 10.4, cherry 10.0, plum 4.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  \[mg TE/mL\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  Berry fruits                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sample (1 g) was mixed with 5 g of sea sand, transferred to a 22 mL extraction cell, and extracted with hexane/dichloromethane (1:1*v*/*v*) followed by acetone/water/acetic acid (70:29.5:0.5 *v*/*v*) extraction (ASE200). The extracts from hexane/dichloromethane were used to measure lipophilic ORAC~FL~, acetone/water/acetic acid extracts were used to measure the hydrophilic ORAC~FL~.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  L-ORAC\                                                                               chokeberry 2.42, elderberry 1.97, red currant 1.27, blackcurrant 'Titania' 1.15, blackcurrant 'Ben Alder' 0.84, blackcurrant 'Ben Nevis' 0.75, blackcurrant 'Ban Tirran' 0.75, blackcurrant 'Ben Lomond' 0.68, blackcurrant 'Ukarine' 0.68, gooseberry 'Marigold' 0.45, gooseberry 'Leveller' 0.43, gooseberry 'Careless' 0.35, gooseberry 'Dan's Mistake' 0.28, gooseberry 'Whinham' 0.15, gooseberry 'Lancashine' 0.15                                                                                                                                                                                                                Wu et al. \[[@B59-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μmol TE/g FW\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

  H-ORAC\                                                                                                                                                                                                                     chokeberry 158.2, elderberry 145.0, blackcurrant 'Ben Alder' 100.6, blackcurrant 'Ben Lomond' 92.3, blackcurrant 'Ben Nevis' 90.6, blackcurrant 'Ban Tirran' 86.6, blackcurrant 'Ukarine' 53.7, blackcurrant 'Titania' 49.0, gooseberry 'Lancashine' 41.3, gooseberry 'Whinham' 39.2, gooseberry 'Dan's Mistake' 37.1, gooseberry 'Marigold' 33.7, red currant 32.6, gooseberry 'Leveller' 26.4, gooseberry 'Careless' 20.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
  \[μmol TE/g FW\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

  Berry fruits                                                                                                                                                                                                                Berries (3--5 g) were extracted twice with 10 mL of 80% acetone containing 0.2% formic acid using a Polytron for 2 min and then centrifuged. The supernatants were combined.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ORAC\                                                                                 chokeberry 160.2, lingonberry 'Amberland' 38.1, blueberry 'Serra' 28.9, cranberry 'Ben Lear' 18.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Zheng and Wang \[[@B130-molecules-24-03710]\]
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \[μmol TE/g FW\]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AAE: ascorbic acid equivalents, ACL: antioxidant capacity of lipid soluble compounds, ACW: antioxidant capacity of water soluble compounds, CUPRAC: cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, DM: dry matter, EC~50~: half maximum effective concentration, EtOH: ethanol, FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant power, FW: fresh weight, GAE: gallic acid equivalents, H-ORAC: hydroxyl radical averting capacity, I~50~: extract concentrations which cause 50% inhibition, MeOH: methanol, ORAC: oxygen radical absorbance capacity, PCL: photochemiluminescence, TE: Trolox equivalents, TRAP: total peroxyl radical trapping parameter.