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Title: The Influence and Specific Role of Oracle Bone Script on Religious Thoughts and Religious Culture in the Shang Dynasty

Abstract: The Shang Dynasty (circa 1600-1046 BCE) is a significant period in the development of Chinese civilization, particularly in the realm of religious thought and culture. The discovery of oracle bone script, the oldest known form of Chinese writing, offers critical insights into the religious beliefs and practices of this ancient society. This paper aims to analyze the influence and specific role of oracle bone script on the religious thoughts and religious culture of the Shang Dynasty based on the erroneous chronology found in Sima Qian’s “Historical Records of the Yin Dynasty, Volume III” and the corrected order from oracle bone inscriptions.

Introduction: The significance of oracle bone script in Shang Dynasty history and culture, including brief background information on the discovery of oracle bones, the development and use of oracle bone script, and Sima Qian’s chronicles of the Shang Dynasty.

I. Role of oracle bone script in Shang religious thought
A. Oracle bone script as a medium for communication with ancestral spirits and deities
1. The role of divination and prophecy in Shang religious beliefs and practices
2. Questions posed to the spirits and deities preserved in script
B. The influence of oracle bone script on the priesthood and state authority
1. The close relationship between the ruling elite and the priesthood
2. Prophecies used to legitimize the rule of Shang kings and leaders

II. Oracle bone script’s influence on Shang religious culture
A. The development of ritual practices based on oracle bone inscriptions
1. Types of sacrifices and ceremonies recorded in the inscriptions
2. Evidence of calendar-based rituals in the Shang Dynasty
B. The impact on Shang artistic and iconographic representations
1. The emergence of symbolic motifs in Shang religious art
2. The relationship between oracle bone script and the shaping of Shang religious iconography

III. The significance of correcting the Shang successional order from the literature
A. Reassessing historical narratives and kingship in the Shang Dynasty
1. Analyzing the corrected order of Shang leaders from oracle bone inscriptions
2. Understanding the implications of the corrected order on historical narratives

Conclusion: The pivotal role of oracle bone script in understanding and reevaluating the religious thoughts and culture of the Shang Dynasty, emphasizing its importance as a primary source for reconstructing the religious beliefs, practices, and ideologies of this ancient society.

In summary, this paper will argue that oracle bone script played a vital role in shaping the religious thoughts and religious culture of the Shang Dynasty, serving as a medium for communication with ancestral spirits and deities, influencing priesthood and state authority, and impacting ritual practices and artistic representations. By correcting the errors in historical literature based on the oracle bone inscriptions, this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of Shang religious beliefs and practices and provide new insights into the connections between Shang kingship, religion, and cultural expression.