Below are summarizations of research articles made by my classmates. Take note of these works and answer the questions at the last part.

Title of the Article:
Why Are Ethics Important in Engineering?
By Esther Han
Date Published: February 16, 2023


Source: https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/ethics-in-engineering

The article "Why Are Ethics Important in Engineering?" gives a compelling overview of the importance of ethics in the engineering sector. The author deftly discusses the moral dilemmas that engineers may face and emphasizes the significance of incorporating moral considerations into engineering processes.

One aspect that stands out in this article is its emphasis on the societal impact of engineering decisions. The author emphasizes that engineers must put the general public's health and safety first and should actively think about any potential repercussions of their job. The idea that engineers should be guardians of the public interest aligns with its emphasis on the broader societal effects of engineering projects. It focuses on how crucial engineering organizations are to promote an ethical culture and emphasizes the importance of leadership in encouraging moral conduct and developing an atmosphere that promotes open conversations on ethical dillemas. Organizations can foster an environment where ethical issues are incorporated into decision-making by encouraging engineers to cooperate and participate in ethical discussions.

This article provides insightful information about engineering's ethical considerations. It emphasizes how crucial it is to incorporate moral issues into engineering methods and motivates engineers to approach their profession with a strong sense of social responsibility and morality. The article is a vital resource for engineers hoping to positively impact their field and career by examining the ethical issues raised by technical breakthroughs and encouraging ethical leadership for their success.

Title of the Article: Engineering Ethics [what is it and why is it important]
By: Aimal Khan
Jan 25, 2022

Source: https://www.engineeringpassion.com/what-is-engineering-ethics-why-is-it-important/

According to engineering ethics, engineers should not further their own agendas at the expense of the honor and integrity of their profession. It's about upholding other people's wellbeing and doing what is morally appropriate.

In order to regulate the behavior of their members, professional engineering organizations like the NSPE (National Society of Professional Engineers), IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) have long-standing rules, standards, and policies.

The Engineering Codes of Ethics are a set of principles, guidelines, and regulations that describe ethical conduct.

The engineering code of ethics…

A set of moral and professional standards that professional engineers are required to abide by is known as an engineering code of ethics (or engineering code of professional ethics). According to these principles, engineers must always act honestly and ethically, prioritize the needs of their clients and employers, and preserve the public's safety. The public's trust in the engineering profession is bolstered by engineering codes of ethics, which frees engineers to innovate and create new technologies that will benefit our contemporary society.

The article has provided its readers a clear introduction to what Engineering ethics is all about. We are all quite familiar with what Engineering means as well as ethics. So in this article, we are to learn how both of the terms shall go hand-in-hand. Engineering ethics main purpose is to basically ensure that all engineering professions must practice discipline in order to promote a well-organized environment and produce quality service for clients. Engineering ethics wants people to realize that an engineer should not only be a job should also hold paramount of safety, honor, and welfare to the public.

Title of the Article: 
Engineering Ethics and Its Impact on Society
By: Dr. William Marcy & Jane Rathbun
Date Published: August 18, 2017
Source: https://ethicalengineer.ttu.edu/articles/engineering-ethics-and-its-impact-on-society
The article talks about engineering ethics that engineers should oblige in their work that affects that society. Engineers play the role of creating, innovating, and implementing technologies that have an effect on individuals, communities, and the environment. Some said technologies could face ethical issues and challenges that require engineers to balance their technical expertise, and decision-making process with moral responsibility. 
Ethical codes and frameworks are guides for engineers in making ethical decisions, prioritizing values, public safety, resource allocation, and future generations’ well-being. This article also provides pieces of information on the potential harm that unethical engineering cause to individuals, the environment, and social injustices toward workers. This puts stress on the significance of engineering ethics for future engineers that should be put into research and practice.

Title of the Article: Why Ethics Are So Important For Engineers?
By Adrian Mansfield
Date Published:
September 10, 2019

Source:
https://blog.v-hr.com/blog/why-ethics-are-so-important-for-engineers

The article talks about how at least the ancient Greeks were interested in ethics, but it is possible that ethics has been a fundamental aspect of human nature ever before the invention of language. It centers on morality, or the idea of good and evil. How to live a good life, the nature of evil, and whether good and evil can exist in a universe without God have traditionally been the main topics of study in ethics. Engineers are held to a higher standard of quality in their work than most other professions. However, they should also be held to a high standard of ethics to make sure that none of their activities endangers people or undermines public confidence in our institutions.

Today, engineers play a crucial role in the daily operations of the world. They construct the computers that house the information about our governments, hospitals, and schools. They create the security to protect that information from hackers. They create the systems that direct our aircraft, schedule our trains, and protect us from harm.
This is a significant undertaking that should be undertaken ethically due to the significant impact it has on human society.

Title of the Article: Engineering Ethics in the Built Environment by Steven G. Liescheidt
Date Published: March 17, 2022
Source: https://www.esmagazine.com/articles/102200-engineering-ethics-in-the-built-environment

Many different types of people work in the construction sector, including engineers, architects, consultants, facility owners, contractors, suppliers, manufacturers, code officials, and other stakeholders who collaborate to bring building projects to fruition. A multitude of decisions are made throughout the various stages of a building's development, including conceptualization, design, plan review, bidding, construction, inspection, and commissioning. As the number of individuals and commercial organizations involved increases, the likelihood of emerging ethical dilemmas escalates.

With that being said, the most crucial key takeaway from this article is that while generating profit is a fundamental and indispensable business objective, there are instances where pursuing profit at any cost may lure individuals and organizations into undertaking risky ventures. The potential for experiencing awkward or humiliating circumstances is a distinct matter. However, the possibility of transgressing into illicit (deceitful) behaviors can have devastating consequences on both individuals and organizations.

Overall, the article highlighted the significance of ethics in engineering and marketing projects. It also proposed measures for individuals and organizations to incorporate into their routine work. It presented instances of ethical predicaments that may have been encountered already by those involved in businesses and projects. The article also promoted taking accountability for decisions, emphasizing the need to prioritize safety, sustainability, and societal impact.

Title of the article: Turning the tide of engineering ethics By: Engineers Without Borders UK Date Published: November 30, 2020
 
Source: https://www.ewb-uk.org/turning-the-tide-of-engineering-ethics/
 
According to the article, after a string of tragic events, including the Quebec Bridge collapse, the Tay Bridge disaster, and the Ashtabula River Railroad disaster, engineering ethics was developed. These incidents brought to light the reality of an engineer's contribution to public safety and inspired new engineers to make ethical commitments to the public good. 
 
In today’s day and age, engineering ethics now encompass a far broader range of issues; in addition to persistent dangers like structure collapse and the resulting human casualties, there are also less evident instances of ethical obligation.
 
With the ever-changing landscape and the increase in complexity in engineering ethics, it begs the question, what can be improved? There are undoubtedly many things the engineering community could do to improve engineering ethics, but one thing is certain: in order for engineering to serve everyone and the planet more effectively than ever before, we must ensure that engineering ethics are not only upheld but also at the center of that practice.

𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐄𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐬

Engineers face moral conundrums in the rapidly changing world of technology, which necessitate careful thought. In her insightful article titled "Ethical Dilemmas in Engineering," Prachi Patel looks into these issues and illuminates the difficulties engineers face as they balance innovation with social obligation. Patel emphasizes the importance of addressing ethical issues in order to ensure the responsible and safe development and application of technology.

The article covers a number of important topics, including the development of autonomous systems and artificial intelligence (AI). Engineers engaged in these fields face moral conundrums relating to the dangers and ramifications of their discoveries. Self-driving automobiles, for instance, pose difficulties like the requirement to make split-second decisions in life-threatening circumstances. Engineers must ensure that the safety of human life remains the first priority by including ethical considerations into AI systems, according to Patel.

The responsibility of engineers towards sustainable development is another noteworthy topic Patel looked at. Engineers must think about how their projects and designs will affect the environment in the long run given the increased focus on environmental sustainability and tackling climate change. The article explores the moral duty to develop sustainable alternatives, including energy-efficient infrastructure and environmentally friendly production techniques. Engineers play a crucial part in reducing the environmental impact of various businesses, and their decisions may have an impact on coming generations.

Patel concludes by addressing the crucial issues of data security and privacy. Engineers are confronted with ethical issues related to the collecting, storage, and use of personal data as technology becomes more linked. The essay emphasizes how crucial it is for engineers to give privacy and security precautions top priority in order to protect people's sensitive information. To maintain consumers' trust and maintain the integrity of technical systems, engineers must make sure that their designs include strong safeguards against data breaches and unauthorized access.

Overall, engineers frequently face complex moral choices in the fast-paced realm of technology, which calls for serious thought. In the author’s insightful piece "Ethical Dilemmas in Engineering," Prachi Patel reveals the difficulties engineers have as they strike a delicate balance between moral obligation and creativity. Patel places a strong emphasis on the value of resolving ethical issues in order to ensure the ethical and secure development and application of technology. The essay highlights important areas where engineers must traverse ethical complexity, from the development of autonomous systems and artificial intelligence to the obligation towards sustainable development and the vital issue of privacy and data security. Engineers may create a more secure, ethically conscious, and sustainable technology environment for both the current and future generations by incorporating ethical considerations into their designs and placing a higher priority on human safety.

Source: 
IEEE Spectrum - "Ethical Dilemmas in Engineering" by Prachi Patel
Citation: <PRESIDIO_ANONYMIZED_PERSON>. (2023). Ethical Dilemmas in Engineering. IEEE Spectrum.

Title of the Article: Why we need engineers who study ethics as much as maths by S. Travis Waller, Kourosh Kayvani, Lucy Marshall and Robert F. Care AM
Date Published: July 15, 2021
Source: https://theconversation.com/why-we-need-engineers-who-study-ethics-as-much-as-maths-161356

The article "Why we need engineers who study ethics as much as maths" makes a case for integrating ethics education into engineering programs. The authors draw attention to the moral ramifications of engineering choices and the need for engineers to put society's safety and welfare first. They say that a need for ethics instruction in engineering school leaves many engineers ill-prepared to address the ethical problems of their line of work.

The writing focuses on the need for engineers to have a broader viewpoint that incorporates ethical issues in order to build engineering projects that are more environmentally and socially conscious. Engineering curricula that include moral education may produce engineers who are better at explaining the ethical consequences of their job and encouraging moral decision-making. Such ethical education may draw students with broader interests, creating a more inclusive and varied engineering workforce.

In summary, the essay emphasizes the significance of including ethics in engineering courses to produce more moral and socially conscious engineers who put the welfare of society first in their work.

Engineering Ethics And Values: A Comprehensive Guide To Upholding Professional Standards
Author: BGI Bhopal
Date Published: May 12, 2023
The author emphasizes how crucial it is for engineers to uphold moral standards in order to protect the public's safety, well-being, and welfare. The article emphasizes that engineers have a special obligation since their choices and deeds directly affect society and can have far-reaching effects.

The article also highlights the different ethical issues engineers face during the course of their employment. It talks about possible conflicts of interest that can occur and how engineers should put the benefit of the whole above personal gain. Additionally, the article also emphasizes the rising significance of environmental issues and how engineers have an ethical obligation to address sustainability and minimize any unfavorable environmental effects that may result from their projects. Lastly, the article further explains how standards of conduct and professional associations affect engineers' ethical behavior. The importance of these professional frameworks in giving direction, establishing standards, and promoting a quality and integrity-driven culture within the engineering profession is emphasized. Engineers may sustain high professional standards and help the engineering sector as a whole maintain a strong reputation by abiding by these norms of conduct.

In conclusion, the article reminds engineers of the crucial role ethics and values play in their job. It highlights the duty engineers have to put society's welfare first and choose their actions with ethics in mind. Engineers may promote technology and innovation while safeguarding the welfare and safety of the people they serve by respecting professional standards, acting with honesty, and thinking about the bigger picture.

Source: Bhopal, B. (2023, May 15). Engineering Ethics And Values: A Comprehensive Guide To Upholding Professional Standards. BGI Bhopal. https://bgibhopal.com/blog/engineering-ethics-and-values-upholding-professional-standards/

Title of the journal article: Engineering Ethics: What? Why? How? And When?
By: Charles Edwin Harris Jr., Michael Davis, Michael S. Pritchard, Michael J. Rabins
Date Published: April 1996
Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2168-9830.1996.tb00216.x

Engineering ethics, distinct from personal morality, encompasses the professional code of conduct within the field. It establishes the benchmarks for professional practice and is typically acquired through formal education or practical experience. In the realm of professional education, engineering ethics holds significant importance as it equips students to address the challenges they may encounter during their careers. To effectively teach engineering ethics, it is crucial to utilize a case-based approach, focusing not only on high-profile disasters that make headlines but also on scenarios that engineers are more likely to confront. There is a wide range of cases available, along with analytical methods to evaluate them.

While engineering ethics can be taught as a standalone course, there are compelling arguments for integrating ethical considerations into technical courses as well. Given that engineering involves actions and decisions that can have profound impacts on others, it becomes evident that engineering ethics is an inherent aspect of the field itself. Therefore, education in professional responsibilities should form an integral part of engineering education, similar to its inclusion in disciplines like law and medicine. Most engineering educators would likely agree with these assertions; however, the practical implementation of these principles in engineering education presents its own challenges.

This article explores the introduction of engineering ethics into engineering education by addressing four key questions: What exactly is engineering ethics? Why should it receive significant emphasis in engineering education? How should it be taught effectively? And at what stage should it be incorporated into a student's educational journey?

Now, answer these questions:

1.What are the legal basis of Engineering ethics? 
2.Definition of Terms.
3.Briefly explain the Engineering Principles? 
4.Discuss issues or controversy? 
5.Identify the importance of the topics shared. 
6.Relate the Engineering Research made to the topics we already discuss.  
7.Indicate the sources the name of your classmates and the sources of context which already indicated in their topics.