i well give you my lecture and 2 summary , i want you to rate each one of them from 10 and then tell me witch one is better .
the lecture :

Motor system
Nervous system block
Learning objectives:
• Discuss the concept of upper motor neurons.
• Differentiate between medial and lateral motor system
• List the names of descending motor tracts and their effect on muscle
tone.
• Describe the descending motor tracts (corticospinal, rubrospinal,
reticulospinal, vestibuospinal, tectospinal) and discuss their possible
functions.
• Compare and contrast UMNL and LMNL.
Upper motor neurons
Upper motor neurons
Function of Corticospinal
(Pyramidal) Tract
• Initiation of fine, discrete, skilled
voluntary movements
• Lateral corticospinal tract >> control
Distal limbs eg. fingers for skill
movement
• Anterior corticospinal tract >> control
posture and axial and proximal muscle
for limbs
• Effect on stretch reflex: facilitate
muscle tone through gamma motor
neuron.

Corticobulbar tract
• terminates on LMNs ( cranial nerve
motor nuclei of opposite side)
• decussating just before they reach
their target nuclei
• Function : control face, neck muscles,
facilitate their ton , and involved in
facial, mastication, swallowing
Extrapyramidal Tract
• Rubrospinal tract : accessory route for transmission of
relatively discrete signals from the motor cortex to the spinal
cord (Lateral )
• Vestibulospinal tract: Controls Postural & righting reflexes
• Reticulospinal tract: Influence motor functions as voluntary
and reflex movement and Excitatory or inhibitory to muscle
tone.
• Tectospinal tract: Mediate/facilitate turning of the head in
response to visual or auditory stimuli.
• Olivospinal tract
THE RED NUCLEUS SERVES AS AN ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY FOR
TRANSMITTING CORTICAL SIGNALS TO THE SPINAL CORD
Excitatory-Inhibitory Antagonism Between
Pontine and Medullary Reticular Nuclei
• when the pontine reticular
excitatory system is unopposed
by the medullary reticular
system, it causes powerful
excitation of antigravity muscles
throughout the body, so much
so that four-legged animals can
be placed in a standing position,
supporting the body against
gravity without any signals from
higher levels of the brain
Functions of Extrapyramidal Tract
• Sets the postural background needed for performance of skilled
movements
• Controls subconscious gross movements



Comparison between upper and lower motor
neuron lesions
LMNL ( Damage of alpha motor
neurons or their motor axons)
• Partial damage cause paresis
(weakness).
• Paralysis, a loss of movement of
the affected muscles
• Areflexia, an absence of their
spinal reflexes.
• No muscle tone or resting tension;
they are flaccid and soft.
• No trophic influence on muscle
fibers >> atrophy with time
UMNL ( Damagae to Upper motor
neurons)
• period of spinal shock (reduced
muscle tone / hypotonia, Areflexia,
and paralysis hemiplegia)
• reflexive functions mysteriously
reappear
• Spasticity is characterized by a
dramatic /painful increase of
muscle tone (hypertonia) and
spinal reflexes (hyperreflexia),
Pyramidal
system.
summary 1:
Here’s a comprehensive summary of the **Motor System** content, covering all key points relevant for exam preparation.

---

# Motor System

## Learning Objectives
1. Understand the **concept of upper motor neurons (UMNs)**.
2. Differentiate between **medial and lateral motor systems**.
3. List the **descending motor tracts** and their effects on muscle tone.
4. Describe the **descending motor tracts** (e.g., corticospinal, rubrospinal) and their functions.
5. Compare **upper motor neuron lesions (UMNL)** and **lower motor neuron lesions (LMNL)**.

---

## Motor Neuron Hierarchy

- **Upper Motor Neurons (UMNs)**: Located in the brain, they send signals to lower motor neurons to control voluntary movements.
- **Lower Motor Neurons (LMNs)**: Connect the CNS to muscles and initiate contractions.

### Key Areas Involved:
- **Primary Motor Cortex**: Initiates movement.
- **Premotor and Supplementary Motor Areas**: Involved in planning and coordinating movements.

---

## Descending Motor Tracts

Motor tracts are pathways through which motor signals travel from the brain to the spinal cord and muscles. They are divided into **pyramidal** and **extrapyramidal** systems.

### Pyramidal Tracts

1. **Corticospinal Tract** (Pyramidal Tract)
   - **Lateral corticospinal tract**: Controls **distal limb movements** for fine motor skills (e.g., fingers).
   - **Anterior corticospinal tract**: Controls **axial and proximal muscles** for posture.
   - **Function**: Initiates voluntary movements and facilitates muscle tone via **gamma motor neurons**.

2. **Corticobulbar Tract**
   - Targets **cranial nerve nuclei** in the brainstem.
   - **Function**: Controls muscles of the face, neck, and head involved in facial expressions, mastication, and swallowing.

### Extrapyramidal Tracts

1. **Rubrospinal Tract**
   - **Function**: Assists fine control of distal limbs, providing an alternative pathway for movement signals.

2. **Vestibulospinal Tract**
   - **Function**: Maintains **posture** and balance by controlling righting reflexes.

3. **Reticulospinal Tract**
   - **Function**: Influences both **voluntary and reflex movements**; can excite or inhibit muscle tone.

4. **Tectospinal Tract**
   - **Function**: Directs **head movement** in response to visual and auditory stimuli.

5. **Olivospinal Tract**
   - Less is known about its specific role, but it contributes to motor control.

### Functions of Extrapyramidal Tracts:
- Control **postural adjustments** and gross motor movements.
- Set the **background for skilled movements** and manage subconscious movements.

---

## Medial vs. Lateral Motor Systems

- **Lateral pathways** (e.g., corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts): Control **distal limb movements** for fine motor skills.
- **Ventromedial pathways** (e.g., vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, and tectospinal tracts): Control **posture** and **proximal muscles** for balance and gross motor movements.

---

## Upper Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL) vs. Lower Motor Neuron Lesions (LMNL)

| Feature                    | UMNL                               | LMNL                                  |
|----------------------------|------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|
| **Location of Damage**     | UMNs (brain or spinal cord)       | LMNs (spinal cord to muscle)          |
| **Initial Response**       | Spinal shock (hypotonia)          | Flaccid paralysis                     |
| **Long-Term Effects**      | Spasticity, hypertonia, hyperreflexia | Areflexia, flaccidity, muscle atrophy |
| **Specific Symptoms**      | Increased muscle tone (spasticity), exaggerated reflexes | Decreased muscle tone, atrophy, no reflexes |
| **Example Condition**      | Stroke, traumatic brain injury    | Polio, peripheral nerve injury        |

---

## Functional Importance

- **Pyramidal System**: Primarily involved in **voluntary fine movements**.
- **Extrapyramidal System**: Maintains **posture** and **gross motor movements** necessary for the performance of skilled movements.

---

summary 2:
### Motor System Summary for Exam Review

#### **1. Overview of Motor System**
   - **Upper Motor Neurons (UMN)**: Located in the brain, responsible for initiating and directing voluntary movements. Involvement leads to organized movement patterns.
   - **Lower Motor Neurons (LMN)**: Found in the spinal cord and brainstem, directly responsible for muscle contractions. They receive input from UMN to generate movement.

#### **2. Motor Tract Pathways**
   - **Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Tract**:
     - **Function**: Controls fine, skilled voluntary movements.
     - **Divisions**:
       - *Lateral Corticospinal*: Governs distal limb movements for precise actions (e.g., fingers).
       - *Anterior Corticospinal*: Manages posture and proximal limb control.
     - **Effect on Muscle Tone**: Facilitates tone via gamma motor neurons.
   
   - **Extrapyramidal Tracts**:
     - *Rubrospinal*: Supports fine motor control in arms.
     - *Vestibulospinal*: Maintains posture and balance.
     - *Reticulospinal*: Influences voluntary and reflex muscle actions.
     - *Tectospinal*: Assists head movement in response to visual and auditory stimuli.

#### **3. Motor Cortex and Functional Areas**
   - *Primary Motor Cortex*: Initiates specific muscle movements.
   - *Premotor & Supplementary Areas*: Prepares and organizes movements.
   - *Broca's Area*: Essential for speech and language-related movements.

#### **4. UMN vs. LMN Lesions**
   - **Upper Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL)**:
     - Initial phase shows decreased tone and reflexes, followed by increased tone (spasticity) and reflexes.
   - **Lower Motor Neuron Lesions (LMNL)**:
     - Causes weakness, muscle atrophy, absent reflexes, and flaccid tone.

#### **5. Functional Implications**
   - **Pyramidal System**: Essential for voluntary, fine-tuned movements.
   - **Extrapyramidal System**: Provides a background for posture, balance, and gross motor control, crucial for performing refined movements on a stable base.

#### **Key Takeaways**
   - **Hierarchy**: Upper motor neurons in the brain provide overarching control, with specific pathways fine-tuning limb movement, balance, and postural adjustments.
   - **Clinical Relevance**: Understanding the specific signs of UMN and LMN lesions aids in diagnosing conditions like stroke or spinal cord injury, allowing targeted treatment.