what is the good and academic result and discus for my MA thesis of this questioner of about this top of fake news can write a good result ?   
The first in-person interview was done with Adnan Mufti, I will provide him (A.M) for my thesis interview.  who was born in 1947. He speaks six languages: Kurdish, Arabic, Turkish, Persian, English, and French. He has played a significant role in foreign relations with political, Arab, and international forces in Paris, London, Washington, Damascus, Cairo, Sweden, and several other cities. He participated in dozens of regional and international seminars and conferences. He has dozens of articles in newspapers and magazines in Kurdish and Arabic languages, including Mufti. He has published two books entitled "Kurdish-Arabic Dialogue) and (Kurdish-Arabic Relations. On June 4, 2005, he was elected as the Speaker of the Kurdistan Parliament until June 4, 2009. I asked him 15 questions in about 60 minutes for my thesis interview on July 23rd in Lausanne, Switzerland. (Kurdistan Parliament, 2009)

Question 1. How would you define fake news?
(A.M): Fake news is not a new phenomenon, but after people started using social media, the term became a phenomenon in the world. Fake news is something that is not true and is presented to people as real news, not only on social media platforms but even between people and social gathering families.
 
Question 2. When did this phenomenon first emerge in the Kurdistan region?
(A.M): Propaganda has a long history in Kurdistan. I remember in the 1960s and 1970s, there were rumors about something that our parents and relatives wanted us to not believe. These were all propaganda, and they increased during the Saddam Hussein regime in the 1970s and 1980s. After the Kurdish uprising in 1991, there was a civil and local war between two parties between 1994 and 1998. Propaganda and false information played a huge role as part of warfare, but fake news and the term are new in Kurdistan after the wave of social media since 2009 came, and no, as we see fake news as a trend between people, journalists, and academics.

Question 3. What role does it play in influencing public opinion on social media?
 
(A.M): Let me tell you a story about influencing the public by fake news. During my speaker of the Kurdistan parliament period in August 2008, two Kurdish local fake websites located in Europe published a news story against me in which it was said: Adnan Mufti, the speaker of parliament, has stolen and deposited 450 million US dollars in an Italian bank account by bank number (2345.00) in Rome BS Bank. It is people’s money, and people should ask him where he got this money. He must be judged. Two days later, relatives, members of my party, and people on the street—even journalists—asked me why you did this. You were a good man. We are so sad we trusted you. Two days late, a press conference was called and the government and the Supreme Court were called to make a committee to follow this news because it is not true and fake news. After one month, the result of the committee published a report and said: We investigated and we found nothing, not only money, even though there was no bank titled BS, no account number like this, not in Rome, not even in the whole of Italy. The news was totally fake, but we do not know who supports this website because it is located outside the Kurdistan region. We cannot do anything. Now, is it clear, and do you understand? how fake news plays in influencing public opinion!
 
Question 4. Why does fake news continue to increase through social media in the Kurdistan region of Iraq?
 
(A.M): There are some reasons why fake news continues to increase on social media in the Kurdistan Region. The first is that political conflicts play a huge role, and the second is the lack of a social media law because we do not have any specific law in the region. The third is a lack of understanding of the principles of freedom and democracy, and the last but not least is the large number of users without government oversight. I can say fake news has become a mental illness and a part of life that has to be attacked by the government every day because you see it because of algorithms. I think this is true for many countries around the world.
 
 
 
 
Question 5. Why there no laws or rules for social media in the region while you were the speaker of the Kurdistan parliament?
 
(A.M): After 2003، due to internal conflicts، governance problems، and political conflicts، a law could not be issued، because the parties have always played a role in the projects that come out of parliament، especially after 2005، the coming of this strong wave of social media and the continuation of changes could not be organized because day after day new platforms and new styles are entering our lives, I think there should be a law that can both protect privacy and freedom in the region, There are boundless and often misused as conflicts and attacks، but it is too bad that there is no such law، there is only one law against the specific use of social media، and that is an Iraqi law،  which is 1969 draft law, but this law is very harsh and its penalties are very severe. Therefore, there should be a law and a limit to social media. That’s true; I served as speaker of parament for four years, 2005–2009. We passed and prepared a good law for media, which is “The Law of Journalism in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, No. 35 (2007)." Most journalists say that this is the best law for journalism because it protects freedom of expression and freedom of the press. According to the law, journalists should work as professionals, so it is part of avoiding fake news. However, if at that time during my presidency there were a huge number of social media users, we could pass and prepare the law about social media, but we always say every law in the region should protect freedom of all types.

Question 6. Do you think that politicians secretly have a huge role in supporting fake news in the Kurdistan region?
 
(A.M): Absolutely yes, but not only in the Kurdistan region but even everywhere, because fake news is not something new and has a long story.
 
Question 7. Do you believe that the spread of fake news on social media has significant consequences for political discourse?
 
(A.M): Of course, it had a negative effect، and there is clearly fake news in the speeches of the politicians and parties، and the recipients are sent through their media، even the prominent media often publish fake news under the name of special and secret sources. Moreover, there is an example. I was in the meetings many times. After the meeting, the local media or social media pages wrote that this subject was discussed “according to a special source,” ، and people believed But I was in the meeting and a part of the meeting. To be honest, it was not discussed in any way; it was just fake news and opposition, or maybe other parties propaganda or false information about the political meeting.

Question 8. How has fake news on social media platforms affected trust?
 
(A.M): Sure, it has and will have a significant impact, not only on trust but also on people's beliefs. As you know, beliefs are mental representations of how individuals expect things in their environment to behave, whether positively or negatively. However, fake news is always negative. It often leads to a situation where, even if something is true and in the interest of the people, they may not believe it fully. This is particularly evident in the Kurdistan region, where cases of corruption, money laundering, and illegal work are frequently published on social media. Unfortunately, due to a significant amount of misinformation, disinformation, and fake news, the truth is often lost, and the cases are closed without any resolution. That’s too hopeless and dangerous for society.
Question 9. Do you think fake news is published on Kurdistan social media for the main purpose or for political purposes?"
 
(A.M): Yes, politicians have a role, but not all of them. Some play a part in fighting against corruption, while others contribute to injustice and misleading purposes. Additionally, the presence of social media provides an opportunity for certain politicians to promote their goals through the dissemination of fake news."
 
Question 10. Do you think that fake news is a big issue for politicians, governments, and parties nowadays?
 
(A.M): yes, it is, fake news made serious problems for them they cannot how they should deal with it, because everyone has a reaction about any steps of governments parties especially about salary, taxes governments decisions, many times fake news on social media in the region manipulated public opinion, ministries, MPs, politicians about a decision that government made, until the government offices would have published an statement that was fake news and the real decision is this not that news where published on social media, then they realized that this is fake news and false information, but people believed it would be so difficult to tell the truth people, because fake news did what it wanted it is going to be too late for the officials
 
 
Question 11. Why do people believe fake news so easily in the region?
 
(A.M): In my point of view, there are several reasons: the huge number of fake accounts and pages on social media, repetition of the same news by many sources, so it makes echo chamber, and people, even people who have high education, such as teachers, doctors, accountants, nurses, etc., believe it, unfortunately due to a lack of information, media literacy, confirmation bias, and information literacy. However, people always hate their government because they believe anything they hear, especially on social media.
 
Question 12. Does fake news in the region target a specific group of people by plan or is it something random?
(A.M): It can be both, but mainly it always comes from a professional team that came up with local or regional political, economic, and political parties’ conflict. They have a target and goal, they start publishing other local pages, websites, and accounts, or private accounts will be shared, so it will have consequences for others, and then they start answering with fake news. Between them, the people or the social media user will pay the price of this, and the truth will be lost.
 
 
Question 13. How does fake news impact the plans or goals of politicians in the Kurdistan region?
 
(A.M). When I used to be speaker of the Kurdistan parliament, social media was not strong and wide like in the past 10 years, so at that time we could do something like amend rules, make laws, or make new laws. We weren’t under huge pressure from misinformation or fake news on social media, but now that it has been 10 years, it is absolutely difficult for both of them to make rules or make decisions because of fake news and social media campaigns against them.
 
Question 14. What steps can be taken to mitigate its impact?
(A.M): First of all, we need a special law and rule for social media to control, ban, block, and remove fake pages. Through campaigns, conferences, seminars, education literacy, and providing people with awareness, the government should have a plan for its teachers in school to teach and tell students about fake news. to avoid and recognize news, which means there should be education in promoting media literacy.
 
Question 15. Have you and your party faced any fake news campaigns on social media?
 
(A.M): Woo, many times, but we are politicians and deal with it as we did before, but we are always sacrifices of this.
 
Question 16. What advice would you give to individuals to critically evaluate information they encounter on social media and avoid falling victim to fake news?
(A.M): In fact, I believe they should expand their work through various plans and ideas in order to diminish the influence of fake news. The government and parliament must also provide material and financial support because fake news poses a significant threat not only to individuals but to all members of society."