2 Background of the Study
A strong illustration of political will is the establishment of the enabling statute in Zimbabwe, which supports the favorable environment in which a dedicated disaster management agency was established. The development of the institutional structure, appropriate policy, and legal requirements is informed by the corporate commitment. According to the National Policy for Civil Protection, every citizen of this country should do everything they can to prevent or mitigate the effects of disaster. The Zimbabwe Civil Protection Act of 1989 states that local administrations are responsible for overseeing the effectiveness of national government-launched hazard reduction efforts through the relevant sector Ministries. The Department of Civil Protection is a government organization that is housed inside the Ministry of Local Government, Public Works, and Governmental Housing. The Department was established to manage disasters on a large scale by coordinating all necessary stakeholders. The department is run by a Director and a Deputy Director, with the assistance of officers, secretaries, typists, and a driver. The current system makes use of the already-existing public, commercial, and non-profit organizations, whose everyday operations comprise elements for catastrophe risk reduction and community development. The lack of a national-level plan policy, the absence of a central, state, or district institutional framework, poor inter-sectoral coordination, the absence of an early warning system, the slow response from relief organizations, the dearth of trained and dedicated search and rescue teams, and poor community empowerment are factors that have hampered the response to disasters in the past.
The effects of climate change are being felt by societies everywhere in the world in previously unheard-of ways. Felbermayr and Gröschl (2014) assert that these effects can lead to a 6.8% decrease in per-person GDP in the year they occur, while Klomp and Valckx (2014) explain how climate change negatively affects economic growth per person using 750 empirical estimations. According to Munich Re (2018), tropical cyclones were responsible for more than half of all natural disaster losses globally, with damages from these storms exceeding USD 2111 billion between 1980 and 2018. On a global scale, they are among the worst natural disasters (Kunze 2021). Furthermore, no part of the African continent has escaped damage, particularly the area south of the Sahara. Because of their geographic location, most countries are, if anything, more vulnerable to natural disasters (Klomp and Valckx 2014). According to Arndt et al. (2012), Mozambique’s average annual rainfall totals have fallen while the country’s temperatures are estimated to have increased by 0.6 °C between 1960 and 2009 as a result of climate change. More than 1.7 million people were impacted by two powerful cyclones that hit Mozambique in quick succession in March and April 2019. These storms resulted in losses and damages of USD 3 billion, and it is anticipated that recovery and reconstruction will cost USD 3.4 billion overall (Mozambican Government, 2019).
Zimbabwe has not been exempt from the massive destruction and displacement brought on by cyclones, which frequently create natural disasters such as tropical cyclones, droughts, and floods. It is projected that these dangers would become more frequent and severe as a result of climate change. Over half of all fatalities from natural disasters are caused by cyclone-induced flooding, making it one of the most common and deadly occurrences (Rana and Routray 2018; Mhlanga et al. 2019). In 2000, floods brought on by Cyclone Eline killed more than 700 people, left over 500,000 homeless, and cost the infrastructure of Zimbabwe and Mozambique $1 billion in damage (Wamukonya and Rukato 2001).The two most recent tropical cyclones to hit Zimbabwe, storms Idai in 2019 and Dineo in 2017, both produced flooding and left a trail of destruction in villages, creating socioeconomic problems for the populace.

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