Cultural consequences of globalization. Essay based on:
Abstract
Globalization is the most important factor in driving indicators of the rate of change of
a country. If a country has good indicators of globalization, this is a positive point for that
country. However, the rate of globalization is not accompanied by appropriate norms in
society, causing an imbalance in the nation and state, which clearly influences norms in life.
This research was written to learn how globalization affects culture, information technology,
and education. The research method used is a qualitative method with interview techniques
to 20 student of UNISRI`s Civic Education Program, who aged 18-20 years. The results
showed that on average, a total of 80% of students saw and felt the effects of globalization.
Then it must be provided with supervision by parents and increase information about the
impact of globalization on culture, information technology, and education which is also very
influential on learning so that it can provide great motivation for people to read and learn
information from various sources and can protect themselves from carried by the very strong
currents of globalization.
Keywords: Globalization, Culture, Information Technology, and Education.
1. Introduction
The progress of civilization is not a new phenomenon because things that
generally run in the process of globalization actually exist side by side. Through
various activities since centuries. At the end of this development, humans increased
the quality of life in the 19th and early 20th centuries, constructed a globalization
system that was increasingly developing and assessed life and eventually formed
various countries when a civilization was discovered. In the era of the 21st century,
information technology, and now the development of transportation. The leap of
technology that human civilization has reached increasingly sophisticated in the
middle of the century is a condition characterized by the 20th century, namely the
internet and nowadays the existence of increasingly intensive interaki has
mushroomed, mobile phones (telephones) between humans in general with all its
facilities.
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2. Literature Review
2.1. Definition of Globalization
The word globalization comes from the word “global” in the Indonesian General
Dictionary which means “as a whole”. As stated by Wuryan and Syaifullah (2009, p.
141) that:
“Etymologically, globalization comes from the word “globe” which means globe,
while the suffix sasi means a “process” or a state that is currently running or
happening. So etymologically, globalization implies a global process that is
currently taking place involving various fields and aspects of the lives of people,
nations and countries in the world”.
The term globalization is often given a different meaning from one another, so
that it needs confirmation first. Ahmed and Doman (Azizy, 2004: 19) define that
‘Globalization in principle refers to rapid developments in communication technology,
transportation, which can bring distant parts of the world (into things) that can be
reached by easy’. The term that is currently known is electronic proximity, which
means electronic proximity, where distance is no longer a significant obstacle to
establishing communication between residents in this part of the world. This has
implications for the openness between countries to access various information that is
channeled continuously through information and communication technology
(information technology), such as the internet, television or other electronic media. As
stated by Martono (2012, p. 97) that "society in the world, from a cultural aspect, shows
progress in uniformity. The mass media, especially television, has turned the world
into a global village. Information and pictures of events taking place far away can be
watched by millions of people at the same time ”.
As stated by Martono (2011, p. 96) that Globalization can be defined as the
spread of global customs, the expansion of relations across continents, the
organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a shared global
consciousness. Meanwhile, according to Azazy (2004, p. 20) argues that In this era of
globalization, there is a meeting and friction of cultural and religious values around the
world that take advantage of communication, transportation, and information services
resulting from the modernization of technology. This encounter and friction will
produce wild competition which means being influenced (annexed) and influencing
(annexing); conflicting and colliding different values which will result in either losing or
winning; or mutual cooperation (eclectic).
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From the above understanding, it can be concluded that globalization is a process of
spreading worldwide habits, which in principle refers to the rapid development in
communication and information technology that can connect distant places to be close
and can have an effect on value friction or cultural exchange, whether intentional or
not, which can influence human attitudes and behavior in a nation.
2.2 Globalization Theory
The following are various kinds of theories according to globalization theories,
including:
1. Tiryakian (Ritzer and Goodman, 2010: 587) argues that
“the theory of globalization arises as a result of a series of internal developments
in social theory, particularly a reaction to previous perspectives such as
modernization theory”.
2. Ritzer and Goodman (2010: 588) argue that
“Cultural globalization can be seen as a transnational expansion of shared codes
and practices (homogeneity), or as a process in which many local and global
cultural inputs interact to create a kind of integration leading to culture grafting
(heterogeneity). Trends towards homogeneity are often associated with cultural
imperialism. or in other words, increasing international influence on a particular
culture.”
3. Robertson (Martono, 2012: 96) states that
“Globalization is defined as a process that produces a single world, people around
the world become interdependent in all aspects of life, politics, economics and
culture”.
4. Kellner (Ritzer and Goodman, 2010: 590) argues that
“Globalization shows the capitalist market and a set of social relations and the
flow of commodities, capital, technology, ideas, cultural forms, and people that
cross national boundaries via a network of global societies. The transmutation of
technology and capital work together to create a new, globalized and
interconnected world. The technological revolution that produces computer
communication networks, transportation, and exchange is a presupposition of the
global economy, together with the expansion of the world capitalist market system
which is drawing more areas of the world and the space of production, trade and
communication into its orbit”.
5. Ritzer (Martono 2012: 97) argues that
“Globalization has become a major concern for business people, especially with
the emergence of global markets and the various technologies that accompany
them”.
6. Scott (Martono, 2012: 97) argues that:
“Human power increases with increasingly complex relationships with material
objects that are rarely inculcated in a single society. There is a miniaturization of
technology connected to humans (laptops, iPods, cellphones); biological
transformation to codes of genetic information, increasing the scale and reach of
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waste products and some viruses, changing road, rail and airplane technology
that facilitate rapid mobility; and the flow of information and the flow of information
and communication that suppress the differences in space and time”.
7. Meyer (Ritzer and Goodman, 2010: 589) argues that
“The spread of the nation-stage model around the world, and the emergence of
isomorphic forms of governance around the world, or in other words, the growth
of models in governance around the world that are more or less similar”.
8. Giddens (Ritzer and Goodman, 2010: 589) argues that
“We will never be able to be the rulers of our own history, but we can and must find
ways to make this uncontrolled world become controlled”.
Based on the above theory, it can be disciplined that globalization can lead to
value friction or cultural exchange between countries through increasingly
sophisticated technology, information and telecommunications. There may even be
the growth of similar models of governance around the world. But all of that can be
overcome by creating a world that is
under control.
4. Research Methods
This article uses descriptive analytical methods, data collection, and data
analysis. Data collection was carried out online by creating a google form link which
was sent to respondents, totaling 20 students of Pancasila and Citizenship Education
Semester I and III, consisting of 10 male students and 10 female students aged 18-20
years, all of whom are domiciled in the city of Surakarta in November 2020. A total of
5 questions were given to respondents in the form of:
a. Do you know what globalization is?
b. Do you think globalization is important?
c. Do you feel the changes with globalization?
d. If so, what change do you think you felt the most about?
e. In your opinion, what areas are most affected by globalization?
5. Result and Discussion
From the results of data collection, 18 respondents know about globalization,
15 respondents choose that globalization is important, 20 respondents feel the
changes due to globalization, 11 respondents feel the most positive changes, and 16
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respondents choose the social sector as the area most affected by globalization.
Globalization of information can be defined as global information which contains
general or universal notification content which is conveyed through a general mass
communication process. Thus globalization of information and communication is the
process of presenting information to society as a whole without paying attention to the
heterogeneity of the recipients of the information in the process of communicating.
Variable Information globalization is then observed and measured through several
indicators as follows: Type of information technology, type of technology used by users
in accessing information; Information media, in the form of electronic or printed media
used in accessing information; Information content, information enjoyed by users of
information media; The communication process, the method used by users of
information media in order to exchange information. Socio-cultural life is everything
that is created by humans with their thoughts and conscience for and in social life. Or
in short, humans make something based on their minds and thoughts which are
designated in social life.
An era like this is often called the “era of globalization”. Globalization itself is a
term that emerged about twenty years ago, and started to become so popular as a
new ideology in the last five or ten years. As a term, globalization is so easily accepted
or known to people around the world. The discourse of globalization as a process is
marked by the rapid development of science and technology so as to fundamentally
change the world. Globalization is a special phenomenon in human civilization that
continues in global society and is part of the global human process. The presence of
information technology and communication technology has accelerated the
acceleration of this globalization process.
Globalization touches all the important aspects of life. Advances in science and
technology in the field of communication have streamlined the flow of information to
all directions without recognizing the boundaries of the geographic, political or cultural
environment, including Indonesia. The development of technology in the field of
communication does not only make it easier for people to connect remotely and spread
information quickly and easily, but also stimulates various changes in people’s lives.
Today there is no one who is not touched by the mass communication network, except
for those who are still living with a culture that has not been able to support it. The
development of science and technology in the field of communication can be said to
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have spurred Indonesian society. At this time, the Indonesian people are on their way
to leave the traditional agricultural community culture towards Industry and trade
culture, which in time they must try to answer the challenges faced to them, which is
something that will sooner or later but will change according to the quality of the
challenges called transformation.
Transformation is a process of total transfer from an old form or order to a new
form or order that will be established. Transformation will change the form or order of
traditional agrarian values into a modern - industrial value order or form. This will have
a major impact on the traditional value system and the socio-cultural conditions of the
supporting communities, and even change the nature of morality and personality,
especially for the younger generation. Based on the research results, it shows that
first, students or the younger generation are the users and connoisseurs of information
media at the most. Second, the number of crimes, crimes, alcohol and promiscuity that
occur among the younger generation today is also because they imitate the foreign
culture they see in various information media. Third, the flow of globalization is so fast
penetrating and affecting young people. The influence of globalization has made many
young people lose their personalities. This is indicated by the symptoms that appear
in the daily lives of young people today.
From the way they dress, many teenagers dress up like celebrities who tend to
Western culture. They wear clothing that is minimal in material that shows body parts
that should not be visible. Even though the way of dressing is clearly not in accordance
with the existing culture. Not to forget their hairstyles were painted in various colors.
Fourth, internet technology is a technology that provides unlimited information and can
be accessed by anyone. What’s more for young people the internet has become their
daily meal. If used properly, it will certainly get useful benefits. But if not, it will incur
losses. And nowadays, many students are using it improperly. For example, to open
porn sites. Fifth, in terms of attitudes, many young people whose behavior are not
polite and tend to be ignorant and do not care about the environment. Because
globalization embraces freedom and openness that they do what they want. If the
above influences are allowed, the morale of the younger generation will be damaged.
Encouraged by this, it is deemed necessary to conduct research on the influence of
globalization of information on the socio-cultural life of the younger generation.
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5.1Globalization and Local Culture
The modern era began when entering the millennium era which was marked by
the emergence of innovations in the telecommunications sector which had an impact
on the fast pace of the times. Developments in the field of telecommunications and
technology are ranked first in order to bring about changes in the social conditions of
people in the world. With the development of telocommunication technology, it can be
interpreted as the increasing loss of the distance that separates one individual from
another, so that technology transfer and knowledge transfer will occur more quickly.
The phenomenon of online shopping places (ollshop) or online motorcycle taxis has
changed our paradigm towards the traditional market or ojek where the difference
between the two is very clear.
The development of smartphones with a myriad of features and applications
has changed the system of purchasing or transacting manually to fully electronic with
the lure of convenience and speed, so many people have started to switch from a
traditional buying and selling system to an online system. Modernization appears
marked by the spread of the globalization system in which countries or individuals
begin to cooperate with each other and the elimination of barriers or boundaries
between countries. Most of the Indonesian people welcomed the development of
technology in this era of globalization, although not a few had difficulty with the
development of sophisticated technology today. The good response to the
development of this globalization era is evidenced by the behavior of people who really
like to use high-tech equipment.
(Harara 2016) In addition to the positive impacts that have occurred on the
development of communication technology, in fact globalization also has a negative
impact, namely the occurrence of social changes in society due to the influx of foreign
countries and eliminating the original culture of a country. Every human society during
its life is bound to undergo changes, whether fast changes or slow changes, limited
changes or broad changes. Changes in society can be about social values, social
norms, organizational behavior patterns, the composition of social institutions, power
and authority, social interaction and so on. This change occurs as a result because
society experiences a deep change process in the community. (Soekanto 2001, 259)
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One of the factors that underlie social change is new discoveries that can be
differentiated in terms of discovery and invention. Discovery is the discovery of new
cultural elements, either in the form of tools, or in the form of ideas created by an
individual. Discovery will only become invention if the public has acknowledged,
accepted and applied this new discovery. Like social media applications that have
been applied and applied by the community. this is the relationship between
modernization and globalization in the process of social change in society. (Harara
2016) If we look at the cases that have occurred in Indonesia, many of our young
people always imitate foreign cultures such as the “harajuku” culture, namely the
Japanese-looking culture or the drinking-drinking culture which is western culture or
culture. Therefore, in accordance with the above background, it is very interesting if
we discuss the effect of modernization on the moral degradation of the nation’s
generation and examine how a new generation is formed.
Local culture that lives in the community is usually born from the spiritual
encouragement of the community and local rites that are spiritually and materially very
important for the social life of a village community environment. Local culture has a
very close relationship with the community in an environment with all natural conditions
in that environment. He is shown in various traditional ceremonies of a village, cleaning
the village, for example, to honor the spirits of the ancestors as guardians of the village.
The purpose of the ceremony is for the village to be blessed with welfare by the
watchman. Regardless of this belief, ceremonies carried out by cleaning the village
produce good environmental impacts. If the village is clean from any waste, the flow
which functions to flow the rice fields will run smoothly. The village environment will be
clean and healthy so that the harvest will be good.
The local culture displayed in these traditional ceremonies has a very important
function. To encourage solidarity to the community in order to unite their intentions,
wishes and feelings in carrying out the ceremony. Local culture as well as other art
has historically always had a contextual atmosphere, where art cannot be seen without
a certain function for some people of each culture. It seems that the traditional
ceremonies and local cultures which are integrated into the environmental culture are
not only an expression of spirituality but also contain a culture in order to direct the
community to care, care for and preserve the natural environment. In fact, it is very
likely that the spiritual foundation instilled by the ancestors was intended as an effort
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to preserve the natural environment that would maintain stability, health, the
environment, and encourage human behavior in responding to life and the
environment. This cultural attitude becomes intact when efforts to improve the quality
of life in economic and technological systems do not disturb the harmony between
human life and the life of the universe.
5.2Globalization and Information Technology
The use of technology is no longer a strange thing in the era of globalization.
Including in the world of education, as the birthplace of technology, it is only natural
that education also uses technology to facilitate the implementation of learning. From
here, came the term educational technology. Educational technology is a systemic
method for planning, using, and assessing all teaching and learning activities by
paying attention to both technical and human resources and the interaction between
the two, so as to obtain a more effective form of education (Big Indonesian Dictionary).
Meanwhile, according to Yusuf (2012) educational technology is a systemic process
in helping solve learning problems. This opinion is in line with Muffoletto’s opinion (in
Selwyn, 2011) which states that educational technology is not about devices,
machines, computers or other artifacts, but rather is about systems and processes that
lead to the desired results. From some of the opinions above, it can be said that
educational technology is a system that is used to support learning so that the desired
results are achieved.
1) Technology Implementation in Education in the Globalization Era
Based on the definition of educational technology above, it can be said that
technology is used to support the success of learning. Here are some examples of
technology implementation in education. a. Learning Media The word media is the
plural form of the word medium. Medium can be defined as an intermediary or
introduction to communication from sender to receiver (Heinich et.al, 2002).
Meanwhile, learning media is something that can be used to transmit messages
(learning materials), so that it can stimulate students’ attention, interests, thoughts,
and feelings in learning activities to achieve learning goals (Santyasa, 2007).
The use of technology as a medium of learning is familiar, ranging from very
simple technology to sophisticated technology. Technology can be used to attract
students’ interest in learning so that learning becomes more effective and efficient.
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The development of science has brought technology into the digital world. According
to Selwyn (2011), the use of digital technology has a role in supporting and improving
learners’ cognitive processes and thinking skills. One example of digital technology is
the internet. The internet can allow teachers to present lessons to be more attractive
to students. Currently internet-based learning, such as web-learning, e-learning or
online learning (distance learning) has been widely practiced. These lessons use the
internet as a medium. In addition to learning being more flexible in terms of time, place
and age, students can also freely access the information needed in learning. Because
learning becomes more individual, it can improve the cognitive processes of students
and their thinking skills.
Other examples of the use of technology as learning media are radio, television,
video which can be used to facilitate the different learning styles of students and also
attract students to be more motivated in learning. The use of interactive presentation
devices such as electronic whiteboards can make learning materials more attractive
to students. b. Administrative tools Technology can also be used as an administrative
tool. As said by Selwyn (2011), one of the benefits of digital technology is as an
improvement in the organizational effectiveness of educational institutions. By using
computers, as a product of digital technology, educational institutions can more easily
manage administrative data, including student data, teacher data, and school data
itself. c. Learning Resources Selwyn (2011) said digital technology can help teachers
to produce learning materials and allow them to spend time with students. With the
availability of computers, teachers can compile learning plans and materials needed
by students to learn. In addition, the availability of the internet also allows students to
access information easily from different sources.
Currently, by using digital technology, many students find it easy to learn. the
availability of e-books is one of these conveniences. Students do not need to buy
books in stores to get learning resources. Students only need to download e-books
that are widely available on the internet.
2) Issues in Educational Technology
Technology in its development, of course, brings changes in everyday life,
including changes in education. There are several debates related to the use of
technology in education. First, technology can enhance learning. One of the uses of
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technology in learning is as a learning medium, such as interactive multimedia.
According to Heinich et al (2002) interactive multimedia is a medium consisting of
images, sounds, and video materials that are presented under computer control for
students, so that students not only see pictures and hear sounds but also make active
responses. This response affects the speed and order of presentation of learning
material. Several studies such as that conducted by Rahayuningrum (tt) and Izzudin
(2013) state that the use of interactive multimedia can improve learning which is
marked by increasing student learning outcomes.
However, on the other hand, if the use of technology is not in accordance with
what is needed in learning, or there is no teacher control over the use of technology
during learning, the technology can backfire. A number of separate quasi-experimental
studies in Israeli, German, Dutch and Columbia high schools all reported no or even
negative influence between levels of computer use and eventual learning outcomes
(Angrist and Lavy, 2002, Lauven et al. 2003, Fuchs and Woessmann, 2004, BarreraOsorio and Linden, 2009 in Selwyn, 2011). The second issue is technology can make
education better. As stated earlier, if technology can improve learning, technology will
also make education better. However, technology such as computers can also make
social inequalities more visible. For students who already understand and are
accustomed to operating computers, they can easily use them to support learning so
as to get maximum learning outcomes.
Meanwhile, for students who are not familiar with computers and cannot
operate them, their learning will focus on how to operate computers, not on the
material they should be learning. This can reduce learning outcomes. The third issue
is technology can replace teachers. With digital technology, learning can be done
anywhere, anytime and at any age. The Internet provides a lot of information from
various sources that can be easily accessed by students to expand their knowledge
of a learning material. Some teachers who implement web-based learning also ask
their students to find information needed for learning on the internet independently.
This opinion is what strengthens the statement that technology can replace teachers.
It is true that the internet provides all the information needed by students about a
material, but not all information presented on the internet can replace the learning
experience of students with teachers.
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There are several learning materials that directly involve the teacher’s role as a
role model or as a guide, such as ethics and speech materials, which the internet
cannot do. The fourth issue is that technology can replace schools. The existence of
internet technology can be used for distance learning, namely learning through
telecommunications (Heinich et al, 2002). In this distance learning, it does not require
students to sit in regular classes. Students can take part in learning anywhere and
anytime, so learning becomes more flexible. Distance learning is a solution if students
and teachers cannot meet face to face directly due to limited time and space. However,
on the other hand distance learning can cause students to become more
individualistic. In addition, speaking and social skills will not be obtained from distance
learning. Therefore, the use of technology in education can indeed facilitate the course
of an education, but technology may not necessarily solve all problems related to
education such as social learning.
3) Impact of Technology in Education in Indonesia
The development of increasingly sophisticated technology is certainly followed
by several impacts, both positive and negative impacts. There are many opinions
regarding the use of technology in education. Nicholas Gane (in Selwyn, 2011) argues
that internet technology is directly related to changing patterns of everyday life,
including how to work, access and exchange information, shop, meet people, and
maintain and regulate existing social relationships. The internet makes it easy for a
person to communicate without being limited by time and space. With the internet, one
can also study or take distance education easily. However, it cannot be denied that
this can change the social order in society, such as changing a person to become
more individualistic and apathetic to their surroundings. Selwyn (2011) says that
technology has done more than simply ‘add to’ existing social arrangements;
technology has radically changed the three main areas of social life, the sphere of
production, consumption and communication. In the world of education, one of the
skills learned is speaking and communication skills.
If learning is done via the internet or interactive media, then the students’ skills
in communicating will be reduced, because they only interact with machines. Clark (in
Selwyn, 2011) says that technology is only a vehicle for delivering teaching and
therefore is no more likely to influence student learning or achievement than as a truck
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that presents all the needs to improve nutrition. Thus, technology in education is only
in the position of the media or intermediaries to achieve the learning objectives
expected by an educational institution. Students who can make good use of
technology to increase their knowledge and skills will get good achievements.
Conversely, if students do not know how to use technology to increase their knowledge
and skills, then they will not get good achievements, even technology can negatively
affect these students. But on the other hand, Clark (in Selwyn, 2011) acknowledges
that there are significant economic benefits that can be obtained from using technology
to convey learning, namely the benefits of time, cost, logistics and other institutional
problems.
One example of the positive impact of technology in education is the
implementation of distance education. Distance education overcomes differences in
time, geography and cost. So that students who have geographic limitations, such as
a place to live far from educational institutions so that it requires a large amount of
money and a long time to visit them, will still receive education like education which is
carried out regularly. Regulations regarding distance education are also regulated in
article 31 of Law No.20 of 2003 concerning the national education system.
5.3Globalization and Education
Education is a conscious and planned effort to create an atmosphere of learning
and the learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have
religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and
skills needed by themselves, society, nation and state (UU No.20 of 2003 article 1: 1).
The government provides education aimed at educating the nation’s life. Intelligence
is needed by everyone to face the times that have entered the era of globalization.
According to Grew (in Nikolopoulou 2010: 28) globalization is broadly understood as
stretching social, political and economic activities across borders so that events,
decisions and activities that take place in a place or region have an important meaning
for society as a whole.
Then the broad understanding of globalization is the process of growth of
developed countries (America, Europe and Japan) carrying out massive expansion,
then trying to dominate the world with the strength of technology, science, politics,
culture, military and economy. In the economic field, economic globalization means
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the integration of the national economy into the world or global economy. When linked
in the field of education, globalization of education means the integration of national
education into world education. When studied further, globalization has had an impact
on developing countries that have just been released from the shackles of colonialism,
both positive and negative. The positive effect of globalization is to help / encourage
new developing countries to advance technically and become more prosperous
materially.
Meanwhile, the negative effect was the emergence of a very powerful
technocracy, supported by modern technical tools and sophisticated weapons. A
systems approach needs to be used in explaining education, because in the current
global era the world of education has developed in such a way as to become a matter
of concern. Toffler (1992: 4) states that schools or educational institutions in the future
must direct their students to learn how to learn (learn how to learn). Blindness in the
global era is the inability to learn. The main characteristic of the future Indonesian
people is a human being who educates himself throughout life and an open learning
society but has a solid outlook on life. So students must be provided with background
information that has a multiplier impact on their learning so that it can provide great
motivation to read and learn information from various sources.
Educational Challenges in the Globalization Era
Nowadays globalization has started to become an actual problem in education.
Some of the challenges of education in the first era of globalization are the quality of
education. The problems of globalization in the field of education are mainly related to
educational output. As is known, in the current era of globalization there has been a
paradigm shift about the advantages of a country, from comparative advantage
(comperative adventage) to competitive advantage (competitive advantage).
Comparative excellence rests on the wealth of natural resources, while competitive
advantage rests on the possession of quality human resources (HR) which means that
in the context of this paradigm shift of excellence, national education will face a very
high competitive situation, because it has to deal with the power of global education.
Second, professionalism of education personnel. One of the important
components in educational activities and the learning process is the educator or
teacher. Even though technological advances have provided various kinds of tools to
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increase the effectiveness of the learning process, the teacher’s position cannot be
completely replaced. This means that teachers are an important variable for the
success of education. Third, culture or acculturation. A cultural development in today’s
modern era cannot avoid the influence of the culture of other nations. This condition
causes the emergence of the process of acculturation, namely the exchange and
mingling of one culture with another. From here there is a challenge for education,
namely the existence of this acculturation, it will easily enter negative influences on
children’s culture, morals and morals. Therefore, this is a challenge for education to
filter incoming cultures so that they are not negatively affected by the entry of foreign
cultures.
Fourth, learning strategies. The era of globalization today has a very significant
influence on learning patterns that are able to empower students. Global demands
have changed the learning paradigm from the traditional learning paradigm to the
modern learning paradigm, but in fact it shows the practice of learning applies more
traditional learning strategies than new learning. This seems to be closely related to
the low level of teacher professionalism. Fifth, management improvement. The
improvement of education management and school management is directed towards
empowering educational institutions and schools as the leading implementation units
in teaching and learning activities in schools.
Sixth, access to education. One of the government policies in the field of
education is the implementation of compulsory 9-year basic education which is now
leading to the 12-year compulsory education. The successful implementation of this
policy has a strategic impact as an effort to improve the quality of Indonesia’s human
resources. Seventh, progress in science and technology. As we have all realized that
the positive impact of technological advances up to now is facilitative. Technology
offers an increasingly diverse range of relaxation and serenity.
6. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
1) Local culture that lives in the community is usually born from the spiritual
encouragement of the community and local rites which are spiritually and materially
very important for the social life of a village community. Local culture has a very close
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relationship with the community in an environment with all natural conditions in that
environment.
2) Education in the era of globalization means the integration of national education
into world education. Students must be equipped with adequate competencies so that
students exist in a highly competitive global era. There are several problems and
challenges facing the world of education in the era of globalization, including the
quality of education, professionalism of education personnel, culture (acculturation),
learning strategies, challenges of management improvement, and challenges of
advancing science and technology.
3) Technology in the world of education is a system that is used to support learning so
that the desired results are achieved. The implementation of technology in education
in Indonesia means that technology can be used as a learning medium, administrative
tool, and learning resource.
4) The impact of technology on education in Indonesia, apart from having a positive
impact, also has a negative impact. The positive impact is to be more efficient in terms
of time, cost, logistics and other institutional issues. Meanwhile, the negative impact is
that technology can change social life.
5.2 Suggestion
Discussions in previous chapters, we will become more aware of how
globalization affects culture, information technology, and education, but in fact there
are bad effects that accompany it. To be able to ward off the bad effects of
globalization is to first provide direction to young people to use technology wisely,
especially the internet. Second, the filter based on the oriental culture filter and the
religious filter. Third, provide additional lessons on Indonesian diversity and culture to
schools. By giving these three suggestions, we will date the cultures that enter
Indonesia such as the culture of hedonism as much as possible. All the efforts that we
have carried out, in fact, we cannot stem the flow of globalization, but certainly we can
fight the bad effects of globalization for a better generation of national moral