Answer the five following questions using any of the two texts below:

    What is muriatic acid?
    What does “muriatic” refer to?
    What is Nordhausen acid?
    What is battery acid?
    What are two common names for carbonic acid?

Texts:

Text 1-

Muriatic acid is one of the names for hydrochloric acid, a corrosive strong acid. It is also known as spirits of salt or acidum salis. "Muriatic" means "pertaining to brine or salt". The chemical formula for muriatic acid is HCl. The acid is widely available at home supply stores.
Uses of Muriatic Acid

Muriatic acid has many commercial and home uses, including the following:

    Industrial synthesis of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
    Food additive
    Gelatin production
    Descaling
    Leather processing
    Household cleaning (when diluted)
    Pickling of steel
    Production of inorganic chemical compounds
    pH control of water, food, and drugs
    Regenerating ion exchange resins
    Purification of table salt
    Building construction
    To dissolve rock in oil production
    Occurs naturally in gastric acid to digest food

A Note About Concentration

Muriatic acid isn't pure hydrochloric acid, nor is there a standard concentration. It's important to check the product label to know the concentration. Some industrial suppliers offer muriatic acid that is 31.5 percent HCl by mass (20 Baumé). However, other common dilutions include 29 percent and 14.5 percent. 
Muriatic Acid Production

Muriatic acid is prepared from hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen chloride from any of a number of processes is dissolved in water to yield hydrochloric or muriatic acid.
Muriatic Acid Safety

It's important to read and follow safety advice given on the acid container because the chemical is highly corrosive and also reactive. Protective gloves (e.g. latex), eye goggles, shoes, and chemical-resistant clothing should be worn. The acid should be used under a fume hood or else in a well-ventilated area. Direct contact can cause chemical burns and damage surfaces. Exposure can damage the eyes, skin, and respiratory organs irreversibly. Reaction with oxidizers, such as chlorine bleach (NaClO) or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) will produce toxic chlorine gas. The acid can be neutralized with a base, such as sodium bicarbonate, and then rinsed away using a copious volume of water.

Text 2 -


Here is a list of ten common acids with chemical structures. Acids are compounds that dissociate in water to donate hydrogen ions/protons or to accept electrons.
01
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Acetic Acid
Acetic acid is also known as ethanoic acid.
Acetic acid is also known as ethanoic acid. LAGUNA DESIGN / Getty Images

Acetic Acid: HC2H3O2
Also known as: ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, AcOH.
Acetic acid is found in vinegar. Vinegar contains between 5 and 20 percent acetic acid. This weak acid is most often found in liquid form. Pure acetic acid (glacial) crystallizes just below room temperature.
02
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Boric Acid
Boric Acid
This is the chemical structure of boric acid: boron (pink), hydrogen (white) and oxygen (red). LAGUNA DESIGN / Getty Images

Boric Acid: H3BO3
Also known as: acidum boricum, hydrogen orthoborate

Boric acid may be used as a disinfectant or pesticide. It's usually found as a white crystalline powder. Borax (sodium tetraborate) is a familiar related compound.
03
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Carbonic Acid
This is the chemical structure of carbonic acid.
This is the chemical structure of carbonic acid. LAGUNA DESIGN / Getty Images

Carbonic Acid: CH2O3
Also known as: aerial acid, acid of air, dihydrogen carbonate, kihydroxyketone.

Solutions of carbon dioxide in water (carbonated water) may be called carbonic acid. This is the only acid excreted by the lungs as a gas. Carbonic acid is a weak acid. It is responsible for dissolving limestone to produce geological features such as stalagmites and stalactites.
04
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Citric Acid
Citric acid
Citric acid is a weak acid found in citrus fruits and used as a natural preservative and to impart a sour flavoring. Atoms are represented as spheres and are colour-coded: carbon (grey), hydrogen (white) and oxygen (red). LAGUNA DESIGN / Getty Images

Citric Acid: H3C6H5O7

Also known as: 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid.

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that gets its name because it is a natural acid in citrus fruits. The chemical is an intermediate species in the citric acid cycle, which is key for aerobic metabolism. The acid is widely used as a flavoring and acidifier in food. Pure citric acid has a tangy, tart flavor.
05
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Hydrochloric Acid
hydrochloric acid
This is the chemical structure of hydrochloric acid: chlorine (green) and hydrogen (white). LAGUNA DESIGN / Getty Images

Hydrochloric acid: HCl

Also known as marine acid, chloronium, spirit of salt.

Hydrochloric acid is a clear, highly corrosive strong acid. It's found in diluted form as muriatic acid. The chemical has many industrial and lab uses. Muriatic acid for industrial purposes typically is 20 to 35 percent hydrochloric acid, while muriatic acid for household purposes ranges between 10 and 12 percent hydrochloric acid. HCl is the acid found in gastric juice.
06
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Hydrofluoric Acid
hydrofluoric acid
This is the chemical structure of hydrofluoric acid: fluorine (cyan) and hydrogen (white). LAGUNA DESIGN / Getty Images

Hydrofluoric Acid: HF
Also known as: hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoride, hydrogen monofluoride, fluorhydric acid.

Although it is highly corrosive, hydrofluoric acid is considered a weak acid because it doesn't usually dissociate completely. The acid will eat glass and metals, so HF is stored in plastic containers. If spilled on skin, hydrofluoric acid passes through soft tissue to attack bone. HF is used to make fluorine compounds, including Teflon and Prozac.
07
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Nitric Acid
Nitric acid
This is the chemical structure of nitric acid: hydrogen (white), nitrogen (blue) and oxygen (red). LAGUNA DESIGN / Getty Images

Nitric Acid: HNO3
Also known as: aqua fortis, azotic acid, engraver's acid, nitroalcohol.

Nitric acid is a strong mineral acid. In pure form, it is a colorless liquid. Over time, it develops a yellow color from decomposition into nitrogen oxides and water. Nitric acid is used to make explosives and inks and as a strong oxidizer for industrial and lab use.
08
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Oxalic Acid
oxalic acid
This is the chemical structure of oxalic acid. Todd Helmenstine

Oxalic Acid: H2C2O4

Also known as: ethanedioic acid, hydrogen oxalate, ethanedionate, acidum oxalicum, HOOCCOOH, oxiric acid.

Oxalic acid gets its name because it was first isolated as a salt from sorrel (Oxalis sp.). The acid is relatively abundant in green, leafy foods. It's also found in metal cleaners, anti-rust products, and some types of bleach. Oxalic acid is a weak acid.
09
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Phosphoric Acid
Phosphoric acid is also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid.
Phosphoric acid is also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid. Ben Mills

Phosphoric Acid: H3PO4
Also known as: orthophosphoric acid, trihydrogen phosphate, acidum phosphoricum.

Phosphoric acid is a mineral acid used in home cleaning products, as a chemical reagent, as a rust inhibitor, and as a dental etchant. Phosphoric acid is also an important acid in biochemistry. It is a strong acid.
10
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Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric acid
This is the chemical structure of sulfuric acid.

Sulfuric acid: H2SO4
Also known as: battery acid, dipping acid, mattling acid, Terra Alba, oil of vitriol.

Sulfuric acid is a corrosive mineral strong acid. Although normally clear to slightly yellow, it may be dyed dark brown to alert people to its composition. Sulfuric acid causes serious chemical burns, as well as thermal burns from the exothermic dehydration reaction. The acid is used in lead batteries, drain cleaners, and chemical synthesis.
11
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Key Points

    Acids are common in daily life. They are found within cells and digestive systems, occur naturally in foods, and are used for many common chemical reactions.
    Common strong acids include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and nitric acid.
    Common weak acids include acetic acid, boric acid, hydrofluoric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and carbonic acid.