Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            Bones and Cartilages 
Joints

Prof Dr Mohamed El-Badry Mohamed
Head of Human Anatomy and Embryology Department (Formerly)
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
BONES
 
- Forms most of adult skeleton.
- About 206 bones
- Solid living tissue.
- Vascularized dense connective tissue
TYPES OF BONES:
A- According to Structure of the Bone:
1. Compact Bone:
Outer layer of flat
Outer layer of short bones
Cylinders of long bones

2. Cancellous (Spongy) Bone:
- Diploe of flat bones (skull)
- Inner mass of short bones
- Terminal ends of long bone
B. According to Shape of the Bone:
1. Long Bones:
Ex: Clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, fibula, tibia
2. Short Bones:
Ex: Carpal and tarsal bones

3. Sesamoid Bones:
Ex: Patella; the largest sesamoid bone. 

4. Short Long Bones:
- Ex: Metacarpal, metatarsal and phalanges
 
5. Flat Bones:
Ex: Vault of the skull, ribs, scapula.

6. Irregular Bones:
- Ex: Vertebrae, hip bones
 7. Pneumatic Bones:
- Ex: Paranasal sinuses; found in some bones of the face and around the nose (contain small air cavities inside them).
They are:- 
1. Maxillary air sinuses                
2. Frontal air sinuses
  3. Sphenoid air sinus                   
  4. Ethmoid air sinuses




Functions of the Bones:
1. Give the body its form, contour, defines its width.
2. Support overlying soft tissue 
3. Protect important delicate and fragile internal organs; skull for brain,
4. Give areas for muscular attachment
5. Act as levers during movements. 
6. Essential in walking, running, jumping, playing, up stairs 
7. Help the body to assume different positions; standing up, seat down
8. Stores for calcium salt to time to need; pregnancy, aging.
9. Production of R.B.Cs. via bone marrow.
CARTILAGES
 
- Dense irregular connective tissue 
- No blood vessels or lymph or nerves (insensitive)
 
Types of cartilage: (According to intra-cellular matrix composition) 
 
I- Hyaline cartilage: Anterior part of most of ribs, articular cartilage of the synovial joints
 
II- Fibro-cartilage: Symphysis pubis, intervertebral discs
 
III- Elastic cartilage: Tip of nose, auditory tube and external ear.
JOINTS
Joining, or connection between different parts of skeleton either bones or cartilage. 
TYPES OF JOINTS:
 A. FIBROUS JOINTS: 
- 2 bones are connected together by fibrous tissue.
-No movement could be done ….fixed joints
-The least common among all types of joints
-Examples: 
1. Sutures of the skull (coronal, sagittal,.)
2. Gomphosis (dentoalveolar syndesmosis); between root of teeth and their sockets in gums.
3. Inferior tibio-fibular joint (Syndesmosis) 
B. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS:
- 2 bones are connected by hyaline cartilage (1ry) or fibro-cartilage (2ry) that extends between bony ends.
-Little or limited movement due to presence of a cartilaginous media. 
 
I. Primary Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses):
Hyaline cartilage is ossified later in life 
- No movement
-Examples:
Epiphyseal plate of long bones

2. Spheno-occipital joint, at base of the skull, ossified at

            Quiz: