51. Which number system was used by ENIAC for processing?
 a. Binary b. Octal c. Decimal d. Hexadecimal
52. Which computer first implemented the stored-program concept?
 a. ENIAC b. EDVAC c. UNIVAC d. Mark I
53. In which year was the Integrated Circuit (IC) invented?
 a. 1951 b. 1958 c. 1965 d. 1971
54. Which generation used only machine language?
 a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth
55. Who invented the punched card tabulating machine?
 a. Zuse b. Hollerith c. Pascal d. Turing
56. Large Scale Integration (LSI) chips were introduced in which generation?
 a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth
57. What was the main purpose of the Mark I computer?
 a. Weather forecasting b. Gaming c. War calculations d. Education
58. BIOS is typically stored in which memory?
 a. RAM b. ROM c. Cache d. Hard Disk
59. Who developed the Analytical Engine?
 a. Ada Lovelace b. John Neumann c. Charles Babbage d. Alan Turing
60. What is the name of India's first supercomputer?
 a. Shakti b. Agni c. Param 8000 d. EKA
61. Which component of the OS handles process scheduling?
 a. Kernel b. Shell c. Loader d. BIOS
 62. What is dynamic linking in software?
 a. Linking during compile-time b. Linking at load-time c. Linking at run-time d. Linking via BIOS
 63. Which of these file systems is used by Linux?
 a. FAT32 b. NTFS c. HFS+ d. ext4
 64. In C, which storage class keeps variable value between function calls?
 a. auto b. extern c. static d. register
 65. Which software translates entire code before execution?
 a. Interpreter b. Assembler c. Compiler d. Debugger
 66. Which of the following manages memory allocation in an OS?
 a. BIOS b. Shell c. Kernel d. Terminal
 67. Which data structure is used for recursion in programming?
 a. Queue b. Stack c. Linked List d. Heap
 68. What is the main function of an assembler?
 a. Convert high-level to machine code b. Link object files c. Convert assembly to machine code d. Debug program
 69. Which of the following is not part of software development life cycle (SDLC)?
 a. Testing b. Analysis c. Compilation d. Design
 70. What does ‘chmod 755 file’ do in Linux?
 a. No permission b. Full to all c. Execute to owner only d. rwx for owner, rx for others
71. Which part of the computer interprets and executes instructions?
 a. ALU b. Control Unit c. RAM d. ROM
72. Which multimedia element combines text, graphics, sound, and animation?
 a. Presentation software b. Hypermedia c. Multimedia authoring tool d. Database
73. Which compression technique is commonly used for video files?
 a. JPEG b. MPEG c. GIF d. PNG
74. Which of the following is NOT an example of a database management system (DBMS)?
 a. MySQL b. Oracle c. Microsoft Excel d. PostgreSQL
75. What feature in spreadsheet software allows automatic recalculation when data changes?
 a. Macro b. Formula c. Pivot Table d. Chart
76. Which software package is primarily used for desktop publishing?
 a. Adobe Photoshop b. Microsoft Publisher c. AutoCAD d. Visual Studio
77. What protocol is primarily used to transfer web pages on the internet?
 a. FTP b. SMTP c. HTTP d. POP3
78. Which technology enables the Internet of Things (IoT) by connecting devices?
 a. Bluetooth b. IPv6 c. VPN d. DNS
79. What does DNS stand for and what is its function?
 a. Domain Name System, translates domain names to IP addresses b. Digital Network Service, manages internet speed c. Data Network Server, stores web pages d. Domain Number Server, controls internet domains
80. Which protocol is commonly used to retrieve email from a server?
 a. SMTP b. FTP c. POP3 d. HTTP
81. What is a major privacy concern related to social networks?
 a. Bandwidth issues b. Data mining and profiling c. Software updates d. Network latency
82. E-Governance primarily aims to:
 a. Provide online gaming platforms b. Automate government services and improve transparency c. Increase social media usage d. Develop private sector websites
83. Which technology underpins most cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin?
 a. Cloud computing b. Blockchain c. Artificial Intelligence d. Big Data
84. What does UPI stand for in digital payments?
 a. Unified Payments Interface b. Universal Payment Integration c. User Payment Initiative d. Unified Protocol Interface
85. Which of the following is NOT a digital wallet?
 a. PayPal b. Google Pay c. Stripe d. Apple Pay
86. Which phase of SDLC involves collecting what users want?
 a. Design b. Testing c. Requirement gathering d. Coding
87. In which phase do programmers write the code?
 a. Testing b. Deployment c. Coding d. Analysis
88. What is the correct way to declare a pointer to an integer in C?
 a. int ptr; b. ptr int; c. int ptr*; d. pointer int;
89. Which of the following is used to terminate a statement in C?
 a. . b. : c. ; d. ,
90. What does SQL stand for?
 a. Structured Query Language b. Simple Query Language c. Standard Query List d. Sequential Query Language
91. Which key uniquely identifies a record in a database table?
 a. Foreign Key b. Primary Key c. Candidate Key d. Composite Key
92. Which logic gate outputs true only when all inputs are true?
 a. OR b. AND c. NOT d. NAND
93. What is the output of a NOT gate if the input is 0?
 a. 0 b. 1 c. Depends d. Undefined
94. Which attribute in the <a> tag specifies where to open the linked document?
 a. href b. target c. src d. link
95. Which HTML5 element is used to define navigation links?
 a. <nav> b. <section> c. <header> d. <footer>
96. Which protocol is responsible for resolving IP addresses to MAC addresses?
 a. DNS b. ARP c. TCP d. FTP
97. What type of network topology connects each node to a central hub?
 a. Bus b. Ring c. Star d. Mesh
98. Which software translates source code into machine code line-by-line at runtime?
 a. Compiler b. Interpreter c. Assembler d. Linker
99. What is the decimal equivalent of binary 1011?
 a. 10 b. 11 c. 12 d. 13
100. Which hardware component temporarily holds data and instructions currently being processed?
 a. Hard Drive b. CPU Cache c. RAM d. ROM