Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            13.08.2024 
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7Homeostasis
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Homeostasis

Homeostasis literally means “same state” and it refers to the process of keeping the internal 
body environment in a steady state, when the external environment is changed. 
Dr: Asma’a Al-Hnhna
2

Much of the hormone system and autonomic nervous systems is dedicated to homeostasis, 
and their action is coordinated by the hypothalamus.
13.08.2024 
2 
Homeostasis
• Internal environment in the body is the extracellular fluid (ECF) in which the cells live. It 
is the fluid outside the cell and it constantly moves throughout the body. 
•
It includes blood, which circulates in the vascular system and fluid present in between the 
cells called interstitial fluid. 
•
ECF contains nutrients, ions and all other substances necessary for the survival of the cells.
•
Therefore, the ultimate goal of an organism is to have a normal healthy living, which is 
achieved by the maintenance of internal environment within set limits.
•
For example, increased body temperature beyond normal range as in the case of fever, 
indicates that something is wrong in the heat production-heat loss mechanism in the body.
Dr: Asma’a Al-Hnhna
3
13.08.2024 
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Homeostasis
ROLE OF VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF THE BODY IN HOMEOSTASIS
One or more systems are involved in homeostatic mechanism of each function. Some of the 
functions in which the homeostatic mechanism is well established are given below:
1.
The pH of the ECF has to be maintained at the critical value of 7.4. The tissues cannot 
survive if it is altered.
2.
Body temperature must be maintained at 37.5°C. Increase or decrease in temperature 
alters the metabolic activities of the cells.
3.
Adequate amount of nutrients must be supplied to the cells. Nutrients are essential for 
various activities of the cell and growth of the tissues.
4.
Adequate amount of oxygen should be made available to the cells for the metabolism of 
the nutrients. Simultaneously, the carbon dioxide and other metabolic end products must 
be removed.
Dr: Asma’a Al-Hnhna
4
13.08.2024 
4 
Homeostasis
5.
Many hormones are essential for the metabolism of nutrients and other substances 
necessary for the cells.
6.
Water and electrolyte balance should be maintained optimally.
7.
For all these functions, the blood, which forms the major part of internal environment, 
must be normal. It should contain required number of normal red blood cells and 
adequate amount of plasma with normal composition.
8.
Skeletal muscles are also involved in homeostasis. This system helps the organism to move 
around in search of food.
9.
Central nervous system, which includes brain and spinal cord also, plays an important role 
in homeostasis. Sensory system detects the state of the body or surroundings. Motor 
system so that, the body can avoid the damage.
10. Autonomic nervous system regulates all the vegetative functions of the body essential for 
homeostasis.
Dr: Asma’a Al-Hnhna
5
13.08.2024 ROLE OF VARIOUS SYSTEMS O

            Quiz: