You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]



333 F.Supp.2d 40 (2004)
Obdulio SANDOVAL, Plaintiff,
v.
DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES STATE OF NEW YORK, Defendant.
No. CV-04-717 (TCP)(ETB).
United States District Court, E.D. New York.
July 27, 2004.
*41 George Nager, Hempstead, NY, for Plaintiff.
Ralph Pernick, New York State Attorney General, Mineola, NY, for Defendant.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
PLATT, District Judge.
Before this Court is a motion for judgment on the pleadings pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(c) brought by the Department of Motor Vehicles ("DMV" or "Defendant") to dismiss Obdulio Sandoval's ("Sandoval" or "Plaintiff") 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981, 1983, and 1985 lawsuit alleging violations of his constitutional rights to due process, equal protection, and representation of counsel. For the following reasons, Defendant's motion is GRANTED.

BACKGROUND
Plaintiff was pulled over while operating his motor vehicle on January 11, 2004, for having allegedly failed to come to a complete stop at a stop sign in Wyandanch, New York. (Pl.Compl.¶ 4) According to the police officer on the scene, "[P]laintiff ... was covered with vomit, and appeared to *42 have a `strong odor of alcohol beverage on his breath, was unsteady on his feet, [had] red bloodshot eyes, [and] slurred speech.'" Id. Plaintiff was arrested and transported to the 1st Precinct, Suffolk County Police Department, where he allegedly refused to submit to a breathalyser test. Id. The police officer swore out a misdemeanor information against Plaintiff, for operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs in violation of Section 1192 of the New York Vehicle & Traffic Law ("VTL"). Id. Plaintiff was subsequently sent a notice to appear before the Safety and Business Hearings Bureau of the DMV to determine whether his license should be revoked for refusing to take said breathalyser test. Id.
On January 20, 2004, Plaintiff, along with his attorney, appeared for a hearing and requested the assistance of a Spanish-speaking interpreter as Plaintiff allegedly has little or no ability to speak or understand English. Id. The Administrative Judge advised Plaintiff that the State would not provide an interpreter because pursuant to Section 301(6) of the New York State Administrative Procedure Act ("SAPA"), an interpreter is only required to "[be made] available to deaf persons." Id.; N.Y. Admin. Proc. Act § 301(6). The Judge informed Plaintiff that he could have a friend interpret for him, or could hire an interpreter. (Pl.Compl.¶ 4) It then developed, for unrelated reasons, that the hearing could not be held as scheduled and Plaintiff was advised that a new date would be scheduled. Id.
On February 20, 2004, Plaintiff brought this federal action seeking a declaratory judgement and injunctive relief to prevent Defendant from proceeding with the administrative hearing without providing for a Spanish speaking interpreter.

DISCUSSION
The standard for motions brought pursuant to Rule 12(c) is the same as that applied to Rule 12(b)(6) motions. W.J.F. Realty Corp. v. Town of Southampton 220 F.Supp.2d 140, 145 (E.D.N.Y.2002) (citing Patel v. Contemporary Classics of Beverly Hills, 259 F.3d 123, 126 (2d Cir.2001)). A Court must "accept the allegations contained in the complaint as true, and draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the non-movant." Sheppard v. Beerman, 18 F.3d 147, 150 (2d Cir.1994). The Plaintiff's complaint must not be dismissed unless "it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief." Ad-Hoc. Comm. of Baruch Black and Hispanic Alumni Ass'n v. Bernard M. Baruch College, 835 F.2d 980, 982 (2d Cir.1987) (quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46, 78 S.Ct. 99, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957)).
A. 42 U.S.C. § 1983
A State is immune from suits brought in federal courts by citizens of another State as well as by its own citizens. U.S. Const. amend. XI. See Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1, 15, 10 S.Ct. 504, 33 L.Ed. 842 (1890); Seminole Tribe of Fla. v. Florida, 517 U.S. 44, 54, 116 S.Ct. 1114, 134 L.Ed.2d 252 (1996) (citing Blatchford v. Native Vill. of Noatak, 501 U.S. 775, 779, 111 S.Ct. 2578, 115 L.Ed.2d 686 (1991)); Tenn. Student Assist. Corp. v. Hood, ___ U.S. ___, ___, 124 S.Ct. 1905, 1909, 158 L.Ed.2d 764 (2004). Such immunity extends to agencies and departments acting on behalf of the State and applies regardless of the nature of the relief sought. Pennhurst State Sch. and Hosp. v. Halderman, 465 U.S. 89, 100, 104 S.Ct. 900, 79 L.Ed.2d 67 (1984); See also Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Auth. v. Metcalf & Eddy, 506 U.S. 139, 144-147, 113 S.Ct. 684, 121 L.Ed.2d 605 (1993); Fed. Mar. *43 Comm'n v. S. Carolina State Ports Auth., 535 U.S. 743, 765, 122 S.Ct. 1864, 152 L.Ed.2d 962 (2002). There are, however, two exceptions to a State's sovereign immunity. First, a State may waive its sovereign immunity by consenting to suit. Coll. Sav. Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Educ. Expense Bd., 527 U.S. 666, 670, 119 S.Ct. 2219, 144 L.Ed.2d 605 (1999) (citing Clark v. Barnard, 108 U.S. 436, 447-448, 2 S.Ct. 878, 27 L.Ed. 780 (1883)). Second, Congress may abrogate the sovereign immunity of the States by acting pursuant to its enforcement powers under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment. Kimel v. Florida Bd. of Regents, 528 U.S. 62, 80, 120 S.Ct. 631, 145 L.Ed.2d 522 (2000) (citing Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, 427 U.S. 445, 449, 96 S.Ct. 2666, 49 L.Ed.2d 614 (1976)).
Here, the DMV is an agency acting on behalf of the State of New York and is entitled to sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment in the § 1983 claim. See Feingold v. State of New York, 366 F.3d 138, 149 (2d Cir.2004) ("[W]e find that [Plaintiff's] § 1983 claim is clearly barred by the Eleventh Amendment because the DMV is a state agency"). Further, the claim does not fall within one of the two exceptions to sovereign immunity because 1) Defendant has not consented to suit, and 2) the Supreme Court has held that 42 U.S.C. § 1983 does not abrogate the Eleventh Amendment immunity of the States. See Quern v. Jordan, 440 U.S. 332, 345, 99 S.Ct. 1139, 59 L.Ed.2d 358 (1979) (" § 1983 does not explicitly and by clear language indicate on its face an intent to sweep away the immunity of the States; nor does it have a history ... which shows that Congress considered and firmly decided to abrogate the Eleventh Amendment immunity of the States"); see also Lipofsky v. Steingut, 86 F.3d 15, 18 (2d Cir.1996) (stating that there is no abrogation of the Eleventh Amendment immunity of the States under § 1983). Finally, although Plaintiff is requesting prospective injunctive relief, this action does not fall within the confines of the Ex Parte Young doctrine, because Plaintiff has not named a state official as a defendant. Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123, 28 S.Ct. 441, 52 L.Ed. 714 (1908); See also Henrietta D. v. Bloomberg, 331 F.3d 261, 287 (2d Cir.2003) ("The Eleventh Amendment ... does not preclude suits against state officers in their official capacity for prospective injunctive relief to prevent a continuing violation of federal law"). Accordingly, Plaintiff's § 1983 claim is barred by sovereign immunity.
B. 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1985
In addition, Plaintiff's §§ 1981 and 1985 claims are also barred. First, "[the Second Circuit] Court of Appeals has acknowledged that sovereign immunity also extends to claims under a 1981." Bland v. State of New York, 263 F.Supp.2d 526, 534 (E.D.N.Y.2003) (citing Pikulin v. City Univ. of New York, 176 F.3d 598, 600-601 (2d Cir.1999) (stating that court would have affirmed dismissal of a 1981 claims against CUNY on Eleventh Amendment grounds if there were sufficient factual basis in record in which to find that CUNY was an arm of the state)); see also Chadha v. Connecticut Med. Examining Bd., No. 99-874, 1999 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18939, at *6 (D.Conn. Oct. 28, 1999) (stating that state agencies are entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity under §§ 1981 ...) (citing Santiago v. New York State Dep't of Corr. Services, 945 F.2d 25, 28 (2d Cir.1991)). Second, "it is well settled that a State and its agencies are not `persons' under a 1985." O'Diah v. New York City, No. 02-274, 2002 WL 1941179, *6, 2002 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15507, at *27 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 21, 2002); Santiago v. New York State Dep't of Corr. Services, 725 *44 F.Supp. 780, 783 (S.D.N.Y.1989) (dismissing Plaintiff's a 1985 claim because a state agency cannot be used to satisfy the a 1985(3) predicate of "two or more persons"), rev'd on other grounds, 945 F.2d 25 (2d cir.1991). Accordingly, Plaintiff's action against Defendant must be dismissed.

CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Defendant's motion is hereby GRANTED.
SO ORDERED.