Neil
Welcome to 6 Minute English, the programme where we explore an interesting topic and bring you six bits of useful vocabulary. I’m Neil.

Rob
And I’m Rob. Today we’re talking about first impressions – and how they’re often wrong.

Neil
So let’s start with the term first impression – it’s the idea or opinion you have about someone after meeting them for only a short time.

Rob
It’s very natural to make a quick judgement about someone based on their appearance or facial expression.

Neil
We’re going to be hearing about the research of Professor Alexander Todorov from Princeton University in the US. First, a question: how long does he say it takes to form an impression about someone’s face? Is it…

a) under one second

b) one second

c) six seconds

Rob
I’ll go for b) one second.

Neil
Well, we’ll find out if you’re right or not at the end of the programme.

Rob
So – Alexander Todorov has been researching our impressions. His tests asked people to decide whether they thought faces were dominant, competent, trustworthy or extroverted.

Neil
Let’s just look at those words for a second. Dominant means being strongest or most important. Competent means being able to do things.

Rob
While if you’re trustworthy it means people trust you – you are worth their trust. And being extroverted means you are energetic and enjoy spending time with others.

Neil
So what did he find out? Faces that look happy and feminine – like a woman - were rated as more trustworthy.

Rob
While faces that were more masculine – like a man – were seen as more dominant.

Neil
Wider faces with big eyes were seen as more extroverted.

Rob
Now the important thing that Todorov says is that these judgements aren’t accurate. Someone who looks competent isn’t necessarily competent!

Neil
So, what does this mean in practice? Here’s Professor Todorov:

Professor Alexander Todorov, Princeton University
Trustworthiness, dominance and attractiveness are the three big things that we form impressions of people. But interestingly we have done some work predicting the electoral success of politicians, and the judgement that is most predictive of who is going to win the election is perceived competence. And this is not random at all, because if you ask voters what is the most important attribute of a politician, competence is the one on the top.

Neil
OK, so this is actually quite significant. People say that the most important attribute – or quality – for a politician is competence – the ability to do things.

Rob
That sounds fair enough. But because we make judgements based on appearance – this can actually affect how people vote.

Neil
If voters believe – or perceive someone to be competent – they’re more likely to vote for him or her.

Rob
He says this applies especially to people who are less educated about politics – they are more likely to be influenced by appearance.

Neil
He says this applies to around 25% of voters – so the number of people who go with their gut is large enough to influence the outcomes of elections!

Rob
Wow. To go with your gut. That means to make a decision which isn’t based on rational thought – it’s based on instinct, on a feeling, on your gut.

Neil
Yes – your gut is your stomach and the organs in your belly. So, can we tell nothing from a person’s face?

Rob
Todorov says faces carry useful information about things like a person’s mental state, and whether they’re tired or sick. But they don’t tell you about a person’s character.

Neil
Indeed. It’s not only elections where this counts, we also judge during job interviews and meetings.

Rob
So what can we do to minimise the chances of being affected – should we just close our eyes when we meet people?

Neil
Well, it’s not such a bad idea! There’s the example of the Boston Symphony Orchestra – back in the 1950s it was entirely made up of male musicians. They then introduced ‘blind auditions’ in other words they listened to new musicians without looking at them.

Rob
And what happened – I guess many more women were selected?

Neil
Exactly – around 50%. Of course, gender and race are also huge factors in how we perceive faces. Todorov says we tend to react most positively to faces that look like our own.

Rob
Right, well – I guess we just need to take a deep breath and try not to judge too much.

Neil
Easier said than done, I’m afraid. Especially when we judge so quickly! But do we do it in under a second, one second or six seconds?

Rob
I said one second.

Neil
According to Todorov it takes under one second.

Rob
I think it’s safe to say it’s very fast. So shall we quickly go through today’s vocabulary?

Neil
Ok – first up: first impression – the first judgement you make about something. What was your first impression of me, Rob?

Rob
Well I thought you were very trustworthy and extroverted.

Neil
Well isn’t that convenient, (and accurate?!), because those were exactly the two adjectives I wanted to look at next. Being trustworthy is important in life – it means people trust you…

Rob
And being extroverted is more of a character type – extroverts like to be with people, and are often seen as confident – whereas the opposite – introverts, usually need to spend time on their own, and aren’t as loud.

Neil
Both of these are interesting attributes – or qualities. You could say that mathematical ability is an essential attribute for an engineer.

Rob
And competence is the number one attribute for a politician. Although people don’t always vote depending on actual competence, they base it on their perception.

Neil
What they see, or perceive, as competence. ‘Perceived competence’ might be different from actual competence!

Rob
Yes, in many situations we tend to go with our guts. We make decisions based on deep feelings. Do you do that, Neil?

Neil
Yes, some things you can think about too much. When I left my last job, I really just went with my gut – it felt like the right thing to do.

Rob
Of course – because it meant coming to work here with me!

Neil
Naturally. So – that’s it for our chat about first impressions – for more do visit our Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube pages, and of course our website!

Rob
Bye for now.

Both.
Bye! Из этого текста найди ответы на вопросы ниже, напиши ответы на Английском а затем подкрепи их цитатами из текста 1. You will never have a second chance to make the first impression. What does it
mean?
2. Why is it very natural to make a quick judgement about someone based on
their appearance or facial expression?
3. How long does he say it takes to form an impression about someone’s face?
a) under one second b) one second c) six seconds
4. Professor Alexander Todorov from Princeton University in the US held
research on first impressions. What faces were rated as
a) more trustworthy?
b) more dominant?
c) more extroverted?
5. What is the most important attribute of a politician according to the voters?
6. Why are people who are less educated about politics more likely to be
influenced by appearance?
7. What is the number of people who go with their gut and influence the
outcomes of elections?
8. In Todorov’s opinion, what useful information do faces carry?
9. What was the case of the Boston Symphony Orchestra in the 1950s?
10. What faces do we tend to react most positively to?