Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            gical age is thus a 
convenient marker but not necessary a good predictor of biological age. 
 
Special problems affecting assessment: 
Several factors complicate the assessment of the older patients include: 
1. Differentiating the effects of aging from those caused by disease,  
2. The coexistence of multiple diseases, 
3. The underreporting of the symptoms by patients, 
4. A typical and non-specific presentation of illnesses and increased 
estrogenic illnesses. 
When assessing older adults, it is often difficult to differentiate the effects 
of aging from those of disease. Physiological, normal aging involves the 
steady erosion of organ reserves and homeostatic mechanisms. So that, 
the presence of: 
• Multiple chronic diseases: complicates the assessment of older adults. 
Four out of five older adults have at least one chronic disease and 
community-dwelling and hospitalized older adults each have an 
average of three and a half six pathological conditions the patient with 
degenerative joint disease of the kneed or hips for example, may 
severely limit his/her physical activity, thereby masking the symptoms 
of coronary artery disease. 
• The individuals’ cultural or educational background, ageism, fear, 
depression & cognitive dysfunction. Older adults may believe that 
morbidity and disability are a normal consequence of aging and 
therefore dismiss symptoms as age related. 
• Illness may present with a typical and non-specific symptoms such 
as confusion, weakness and functional decline. 
• Estrogenic illnesses are common in the elderly and can also 
complicate assessment. Drugs can have paradoxical and bizarre side 
ﺩﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ﺍﺑﻮﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﺎﻥ
UG_31147493@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
UG_31147493@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
UG_31147493@i-nursing.tanta.edu.eg
2023/2024
2023/2024
2023/2024
 
25 
effects in the elderly. One should always suspect that medications 
might be the cause of a patients’ illness. Because symptoms of adverse 
drug reactions can be non-specific or can mimic those of other 
illnesses, these reactions may be ignored or unrecognized. 
I- Multidisciplinary Assessment: 
The complex health care needs of many older adults, particularly 
the frail elderly, can often best be met through a multidisciplinary 
approach to assessment and management. The composition of 
multidisciplinary teams varies widely, but the care team commonly 
consists of medical, nursing, and mental health professionals. Successful 
multidisciplinary assessment can lead to improved diagnostic accuracy, 
more appropriate placements, improved functional status, improved affect 
or cognition, fewer prescribed medications, decreased use of nursing 
homes, increase use of home health services, fewer acute care 
admissions, reduced health care costs and prolonged survival. 
II- Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment: 
 
Comprehensive assessment of the older adults should address 
biological, psychological, and social functioning such as: - 
1. Health history 
2. Health ri

            Quiz: