Section A: Multiple choices

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.

Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.

21. __________ health experts’ belief that giving people access to their health data will inspire them to eat better and exercise more, there’s evidence __________ their promise isn’t quite paying off.

A. Despite of; / B. Despite; that             C. Though; that             D. In spite of; for

22. When humans develop machines that are smarter than they are and machines begin to improve themselves, they risk __________ the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”.

A. what B. that what                  C. even if                     D. whatever

23. His technique has developed to the point __________ he can help kill the latest computer virus going round the city.

A. which B. that                         C. when                       D. where

24. Only when the war, with all its unexpected consequences, is over __________.

A. that any political impacts will begin B. will any political impacts begin

C. and any political impacts will begin D. any political impacts will begin

25. Addicted to shopping, I found that the items I bought lost their appeal right around __________ a new item caught my eye.

A. the second when B. a second when          C. the second                D. a second

26. The collectors dreamed of __________ a place to show off the collection in Latin America as a way to spark dialogue among artists across the diverse regions.

A. there to be B. there being               C. there having             D. there would be

27. Researching findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we __________ during the day.

A. would have done B. should have done      C. may have done          D. must have done

28. The invention of telegram __________ the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds

A. made possible B. made it possible        C. made possibly          D. made it possibly

29. With the meeting __________ in just a couple of hours, I didn’t have the time to worry about those unimportant things.

A. beginning B. begun                      C. to begin                   D. would begin

30. Yesterday, the storm delayed us. __________ the storm we would have been here in time.

A. If it were not for B. But for                     C. Unless                     D. But that

31. In our discussion of instincts, we saw that there was reason to believe __________ we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior.

A. how B. when                       C. whatever                  D. since

32. The dress proved such a hit __________ the London company who made the original for Diana turned it into an off-the-peg line.

A. whenever B. as                            C. since                       D. that

33. __________ your phone is a worthy assistant, there’s no substitute for a real camera when it comes to __________ the perfect picture.

A. As; taking B. Whether; take           C. Though; take            D. While; taking

34. The economist argues that no society can surely be flourishing and happy, __________ of the members are poor and miserable.

A. of which the far greater part  B. of which far greater part

C. of whom the far greater part D. of whom far greater part

35. It is likely that we may __________ great benefits from such releases of genetically engineered organisms into the environment — providing they do what we expect them to.

A. invalidate B. derive                      C. prohibit                   D. reserve

36. His election campaigns were infamous for their cruelty — he often made sure that those who did not vote for him would never vote again — but the __________ of his involvement has never been clear.

A. vision B. vulnerability            C. depth                       D. misconception

37. In contrast to Barbie’s fantasy figure and fashionable high heels, these dolls are __________ on girls from historical eras and come with storybooks about themselves.

A. modeled B. synthesized              C. popularized              D. imposed

Section B: Vocabulary

Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. competence      B. repetitive       C. dramatically         D. pace              E.  routinely                            AB.  beating

AC. blowing          AD. worthy        AE. shallowly           BC. ease            BD.  readiness

How to prevent and fight anxiety?

Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you easily annoyed, weaken your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite. And the constant state of 38   generated by anxiety --- adrenaline (肾上腺素) pumping, heart racing, palms sweating--may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.

How to prevent anxiety then?

Meditate. Maybe you’re just nervous. If so, meditation is   39   of a try. It cultivates a calmness that will   40   anxious feelings and offer a sense of control. A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8-week meditation course, were considerably less anxious afterward. People who are nervous find that they are   41   calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner.

Jog, walk, swim, or cycle. If you can’t make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise. Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it’s something   42   like running or swimming laps.

Treatment?

Remember to breathe. When you’re anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too 43  . That makes you feel more anxious. Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect.

Let’s say you are anxious about your 44   on the job. Ask yourself “What, in particular, am I afraid that I’ll mess up?” Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines. Or maybe you’re worried that you’re   45  . It whenever you present your ideas in meetings. Are your worries reasonable? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions   46   rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless. If there is a real problem, work on a solution:   47   yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A: Cloze

Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green construction design strives to 48   others of its effectiveness and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a   49   level.

Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a (n)50  way, that doesn’t translate into a booming green construction industry. Likewise, the fact that plenty of architectural firms have experience in green design is not enough to make green construction   51  . The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact   52   the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be   53   into the design.

The commissioning(委任) process plays a key role in   54   the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. Owners who   55   the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often run into trouble once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately.   56  , in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.

In some cases, an owner may be 57   of the latest trends in green building design, which, however, does not necessarily lead to an interpretation that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and   58   the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives.  In this way,  he may turn a project originally not             59  green design into a potential candidate.

Typically, when condiering  whether or not  to adopt  a green   60 ,  an  owner  will  ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects,  mechanical and electrical engineers are not involved until a much later stage. However,  in green design,  they have a role to play from they outset,  since green design demands  61  between these  disciplines,   which requires additional cost. However,  there are examples of green design which have demonstrated  62  costs for long-term operation,  ownership and even construnction.

48. A.  preserve     B. convince       C. exploit            D. accuse    

49. A.  pracical      B. measured       C. tremendous            D. theoretial    

50. A.  professional  B. groundbreaking C. innovative             D. sustainable    

51. A.  tap into experience     B. live up to its name

C.  rise  to  fame     D. come into being    

52. A. refers to       B.  lies with     C. races  against       D.  calls  on   

53. A. knocked        B. loaded         C. factored                D. stuffed    

54. A. concluding    B. stressing        C. ensuring               D.  acknowledging   

55. A. skip              B. transport       C. isolate                 D. cover    

56. A. As a result     B. On the contrary C. What's  more        D. However    

57. A. ignorant        B. aware          C. critical                 D. capable    

58. A. promote        B. perceive       C. attribute               D. impose    

59. A. applited  to   B. anxious for     C. destined  for       D. specific about    

60. A. gesture          B. approach       C. origin                  D. patent    

61. A. competition      B. calculation     C. cooperation          D. distinction    

62. A. increased       B. extra            C. fixed                    D. lower

Section B:  Reading  comprehension

Directions: Read  the  following  three passages. Each passages  is  followed by several questions or  unfinished statements. For each of  them there are four choices marked A,  B,  C  and  D.  Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in  the passage you have just read.

(A)

St  Kilda is  a tiny archipelage (群岛) of the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands are among  the most spectacular,  but the greatest fascination is that,  for over a thousand years,  people lived there and possessed a sense of community. Cut off from the mainland,  the islanders had a distinct way of living their lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks.

Isolation also had a big effect upon St Kildans’ attitudes and ideas. The people sacrificed themselves year in and year out, in a constant battle to secure a livelihood. In such harsh conditions, life was only possible because the whole community worked together.

In the 19th century St Kilda was subject to pressures from the outside world. Education, religion and tourism all attempted to throw the St Kildans’ way of life into doubt. In the early 20th century, the strength of the community became weakened as contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult to get adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for assistance.

In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed to abandon their homes. They settled on the Scottish mainland, not realizing it meant throwing themselves into the 20 century. As adults, they had to accept those values most Scots believe in. For instance, the islanders found difficult to base their existence upon money. They had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other.

The islanders showed themselves indifferent to the jobs they were given on the mainland. The labours asked of them were unskilled compared with the spectacular skills they had once performed in order to kill seabirds. Moreover, killing birds had once provided the community with food to survive. On the mainland, however, the tasks they were asked to perform did not provide them immediately with what was needed to keep them fed and warm.

The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation (撤离), of their inability and lack of resolution to fit into urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St Kildans were forced to live in a society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of them. For many, the move was a tragedy.

63. According to Paragraph 3, the following factors lead to St Kildans seeking help from outside EXCEPT _____.

A. unbearable wind B. insufficient food supply

C. contact with Britain D. worsening health

64. After the St Kildans inhabited Scotland, they ________.

A. soon learned how to buy goods and services from others

B. had trouble adapting to the value of dominant society

C. exhibited willingness to carry out their given jobs

D. had the opportunity to show their skills of killing seabirds

65. Which of the following is NOT about how people used to live on St Kilda?

A. The major source of food was found locally.

B. It was essential for people to help each other.

C. Very few people had visited mainland Scotland.

D. Money played an insignificant role in life.

66. What is the passage mainly concerned with?

A. The role of money in modern communities.

B. How a community adapted to a different form of life.

C. The destruction of an old-fashioned community.

D. How a small community fight against opposite conditions.

(B)

Depression hurts, Prozac can help

Depression  isn’t just feeling down. It’s a real illness with real causes. Depression can  be triggered by stressful life events, like divorce or a death in the family.  Or it can appear suddenly, for no apparent reason.

Some  people think you can just will yourself out of a depression. That’s not true.  Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance  of serotonin — a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble  sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to  concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling  pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to  depression—especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if  normal, everyday life feels like too much to handle.

To  help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe (开处方) most often is Prozac. Prozac isn’t a “happy pill.” It’s not a  tranquilizer (镇静剂) . It won’t turn you into a different person.

Some  people do experience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches,  difficulty sleeping, sleepiness, anxiety and nervousness. These tend to go  away. within a few weeks of starting treatment, and usually aren’t serious  enough to make most people stop taking it. However, if you are concerned about  a side effect, or if you develop a rash (皮疹) ,  tell your doctor right away. And don’t forget to tell your doctor any other  medicines you are taking. Some people should not take Prozac, especially  people on MAO inhibitors (单胺抑制剂) .

As you  start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help  you ● through your depression. Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly  10 years. But remember, Prozac is a prescription medicine, and it isn’t right  for everyone. Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you— or for  someone you love. Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans.  Chances are someone you know is feeling sunny again because of it.

67. All the following are true EXCEPT __________.

A. Tremendous determination is essential to getting rid of depression.

B. Sleep disorder is one of the signs characteristic of depression.

C. Depression can be caused by a combination of factors.

D. Depression is a psychological state taking the form of low mood.

68. What can we learn about Prozac from this piece of information?

A. Prozac infuses depression patients with energy at the cost of modest side effects.

B. Taking Prozac together with other prescriptions may give you a rash.

C. A medical prescription must be acquired if you intend to take Prozac.

D. Over 17 million Americans have been involved in studies of Prozac so far.

69. This piece of information is most probably __________.

A. an introduction to a scientific project

B. a part of prescription drug instructions

C. a part of a research report in a medical journal

D. an advertisement of a medicine for depression

(C)

Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.

Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they plug each day’s events. in other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.

There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard patterns” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.

Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.

Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite (精英) , so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.

This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of conferences and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

70. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The objectives and findings of a journalism credibility project.

B. The personnel structure of the declining newspaper industry.

C. The causes of the public disappointment in newspapers.

D. The indefinite needs of newspaper readers in America.

71. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be __________.

A. somewhat conflicting                                    B. rather trustworthy

C. quite superficial                                    D. very enlightening

72. According to the author, the fundamental problem of journalists lies in their __________.

A. conventional lifestyle in upscale communities

B. inflexible approach to handling news stories

C. contradictory ways of making sense of the world

D. shared values disconnected from general readers

73. Which one of the following statements is TRUE about the newspaper industry?

A. It fails to satisfy its readers due to annoying reporters.

B. It hasn’t realized the real problem despite its efforts.

C. It’s urgent that it focus on accurate and skillful reporting.

D. It should be aware of underlying prejudice in race and gender.

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.

Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. Some experts think that the wealth gained from  trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts.

B. Experts believe that a king and mostly a  female priest ruled the government and controlled trade.

C. In ancient Greek myths, Minoan society was  quite prosperous and highly civilized.

D. The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago  was the first proof of Minoan culture.

E. Minoan culture didn’t exist before until  Arthur Evans discovered the palace under the earth.

AB. Although not yet decoded, written scrip on  clay tablets appears to list trade accounts.

The Minoans: A Forgotten People

The first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19 century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths.

74   With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.

From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 75   These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.

Expert analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. 76   Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.

An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decorations. 77  .

The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.

IV: Grammar

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in 1   scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole.

The hole has reached record dimensions, but is not expected to pose any danger to humans2  it moves further south.   3   it extends further south to overpopulated areas, such as southern Greenland, people will be at increased risk of sunburn. However, on current trends the hole is expected to disappear altogether in a few weeks.

Low temperatures in the northern polar regions led to an unusual stable polar vortex (极地漩涡), and the presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine (氯) in the atmosphere - from human activities-caused the hole   4   (form) .

It is now too early to say 5   the unusually stable Arctic polar vortex conditions are linked with the climate crisis, or part of normal stratospheric weather variability. Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis. Temperatures in the region are already increasing.   6   (slow) the destruction of ozone.

7   a hole over the Arctic is a rare event, the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades. The production of ozone-destroying chemicals   8   (reduce) dramatically, under the 1987 Montreal Protocol (蒙特利尔协议) , but some sources appear still to be functioning.

New sources of ozone-destroying chemicals were not a factor in the hole 9   (observe) in the Arctic, said Peuch. “However, this is a reminder that one should not take the Montreal Protocol measures for granted, and that observations from the ground and from satellites are central to avoiding a situation   10   the ozone-destroying chemical level in the stratosphere could increase again.”

V. Translation

Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1. 我从未想到, 这支管弦乐队会将其人气归功于互联网的兴起. (occur)

2. 这首代代相传的歌曲起到了呼吁人们共迎挑战的作用. (serve)

3. 受访时, 他谈及那座纪念百年前惨剧的纪念碑, 称其提醒了人们战争之残酷. (refer)

4. 直到那时我才意识到, 设立自然保护区可能是保护濒危物种不致灭绝的最佳途径之一. (Not)