You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


import contextlib
import getpass
from typing import Optional

import sqlalchemy as sa

import ibis.sql.alchemy as alch
from ibis.sql.postgres import udf
from ibis.sql.postgres.compiler import PostgreSQLDialect

import psycopg2  # NOQA fail early if the driver is missing


class PostgreSQLTable(alch.AlchemyTable):
    pass


class PostgreSQLSchema(alch.AlchemyDatabaseSchema):
    pass


class PostgreSQLDatabase(alch.AlchemyDatabase):
    schema_class = PostgreSQLSchema


class PostgreSQLClient(alch.AlchemyClient):

    """The Ibis PostgreSQL client class

    Attributes
    ----------
    con : sqlalchemy.engine.Engine
    """

    dialect = PostgreSQLDialect
    database_class = PostgreSQLDatabase
    table_class = PostgreSQLTable

    def __init__(
        self,
        host: str = 'localhost',
        user: str = getpass.getuser(),
        password: Optional[str] = None,
        port: int = 5432,
        database: str = 'public',
        url: Optional[str] = None,
        driver: str = 'psycopg2',
    ):
        if url is None:
            if driver != 'psycopg2':
                raise NotImplementedError(
                    'psycopg2 is currently the only supported driver'
                )
            sa_url = sa.engine.url.URL(
                'postgresql+psycopg2',
                host=host,
                port=port,
                username=user,
                password=password,
                database=database,
            )
        else:
            sa_url = sa.engine.url.make_url(url)

        super().__init__(sa.create_engine(sa_url))
        self.database_name = sa_url.database

    @contextlib.contextmanager
    def begin(self):
        with super().begin() as bind:
            previous_timezone = bind.execute('SHOW TIMEZONE').scalar()
            bind.execute('SET TIMEZONE = UTC')
            try:
                yield bind
            finally:
                bind.execute("SET TIMEZONE = '{}'".format(previous_timezone))

    def database(self, name=None):
        """Connect to a database called `name`.

        Parameters
        ----------
        name : str, optional
            The name of the database to connect to. If ``None``, return
            the database named ``self.current_database``.

        Returns
        -------
        db : PostgreSQLDatabase
            An :class:`ibis.sql.postgres.client.PostgreSQLDatabase` instance.

        Notes
        -----
        This creates a new connection if `name` is both not ``None`` and not
        equal to the current database.
        """
        if name == self.current_database or (
            name is None and name != self.current_database
        ):
            return self.database_class(self.current_database, self)
        else:
            url = self.con.url
            client_class = type(self)
            new_client = client_class(
                host=url.host,
                user=url.username,
                port=url.port,
                password=url.password,
                database=name,
            )
            return self.database_class(name, new_client)

    def schema(self, name):
        """Get a schema object from the current database for the schema named `name`.

        Parameters
        ----------
        name : str

        Returns
        -------
        schema : PostgreSQLSchema
            An :class:`ibis.sql.postgres.client.PostgreSQLSchema` instance.

        """
        return self.database().schema(name)

    @property
    def current_database(self):
        """The name of the current database this client is connected to."""
        return self.database_name

    def list_databases(self):
        # http://dba.stackexchange.com/a/1304/58517
        return [
            row.datname
            for row in self.con.execute(
                'SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE NOT datistemplate'
            )
        ]

    def list_schemas(self):
        """List all the schemas in the current database."""
        return self.inspector.get_schema_names()

    def set_database(self, name):
        raise NotImplementedError(
            'Cannot set database with PostgreSQL client. To use a different'
            ' database, use client.database({!r})'.format(name)
        )

    @property
    def client(self):
        return self

    def table(self, name, database=None, schema=None):
        """Create a table expression that references a particular a table
        called `name` in a PostgreSQL database called `database`.

        Parameters
        ----------
        name : str
            The name of the table to retrieve.
        database : str, optional
            The database in which the table referred to by `name` resides. If
            ``None`` then the ``current_database`` is used.
        schema : str, optional
            The schema in which the table resides.  If ``None`` then the
            `public` schema is assumed.

        Returns
        -------
        table : TableExpr
            A table expression.
        """
        if database is not None and database != self.current_database:
            return self.database(name=database).table(name=name, schema=schema)
        else:
            alch_table = self._get_sqla_table(name, schema=schema)
            node = self.table_class(alch_table, self, self._schemas.get(name))
            return self.table_expr_class(node)

    def list_tables(self, like=None, database=None, schema=None):
        if database is not None and database != self.current_database:
            return self.database(name=database).list_tables(
                like=like, schema=schema
            )
        else:
            parent = super(PostgreSQLClient, self)
            return parent.list_tables(like=like, schema=schema)

    def udf(
        self, pyfunc, in_types, out_type, schema=None, replace=False, name=None
    ):
        """Decorator that defines a PL/Python UDF in-database based on the
        wrapped function and turns it into an ibis function expression.

        Parameters
        ----------
        pyfunc : function
        in_types : List[ibis.expr.datatypes.DataType]
        out_type : ibis.expr.datatypes.DataType
        schema : str
            optionally specify the schema in which to define the UDF
        replace : bool
            replace UDF in database if already exists
        name: str
            name for the UDF to be defined in database

        Returns
        -------
        Callable

        Function that takes in ColumnExpr arguments and returns an instance
        inheriting from PostgresUDFNode
        """

        return udf(
            client=self,
            python_func=pyfunc,
            in_types=in_types,
            out_type=out_type,
            schema=schema,
            replace=replace,
            name=name,
        )