Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            ers: Filter paper is a common filter medium since it offers
controlled porosity, limited absorption characteristic, and low cost.
3- Membrane filters: These are basic tools for micro-filtration, useful in the
preparation of sterile solutions. These filters are made by casting of various
esters of cellulose, or from nylon, Teflon, polyvinyl chloride. The filter is a thin
membrane with millions of pores per square centimeter of filter surface.
4-Porous plates: These include perforated metal or rubber plates, natural
porous materials such as stone, porcelain or ceramics, and sintered glass.
FIL
TER AID 
FIL
TER AID
Usually, the resistance to flow due to the filter medium itself is very low, but will
increase as a layer of solids builds up , blocking the pores of the medium and
forming a solid cake.
The object of the filter aid is to prevent the medium from becoming blocked and
to form an open, porous cake, so reducing the resistance to flow of the filtrate.
The particles must be inert, insoluble, incompressible, and irregular shaped.
Filter aids may be used in either or both two ways:
1-Pre- coating technique: by forming a pre-coat over the filter medium by
filtering a suspension of the filter aid .
2-Body- mix technique: A small proportion of the filter aid (0.1-0.5 %) is added to
the slurry to be filtered. This slurry is recirculated through the filter until a clear
filtrate is obtained, filtration then proceeds to completion.
The following filter aids may be used:
aluminum silicate.
Cellulose and Asbestos.
INDUSTRIAL FIL
TERS 
INDUSTRIAL FIL
TERS
 Four groups may be listed:
A- Gravity filters.
B- Vacuum filters
C- Pressure filters.
D-Centrifugal filters.
LABORATORY SCALE FIL
TRATION 
LABORATORY SCALE FIL
TRATION





Filter paper and funnel
Buchner funnel and filter paper
Sintered glass filter
Seitz filter
Membrane filter
Buchner funnel filtration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrt8hjXoJD0
membrane filtration technique
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2UJzVxlIFM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esm6qMSoQ3Q
A-Gravity filters
Employing thick granular beds are widely used in water filtration e.g. Sand
Filter
B- Vacuum filters
Vacuum filters operate practically at higher pressure differentials than
gravity filters.
Rotary vacuum filter and the leaf filter are most extensively used.
1. The leaf filter:
The leaf filter is consisting of a frame enclosing a drainage screen or
grooved plate , the whole unit being covered with filter cloth.
The outlet for the filtrate connects to the inside of the frame, The frame
may be circular, square or rectangular shapes.
The operation: The leaf filter is immersed in the slurry and a receiver
and a vacuum system connected to the filtrate outlet.
Leaf filter
leaf filter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Rosnw0bwvw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwnqNEbbieQ
 Advantages:
1- The slurry can be filtered from any vessel.
2-The cake can be washed simply by immersing the filter in a vessel
of water.
3- Remo

            Quiz: