make up a monologue on the topic of Juvenile delinquency: reasons and ways to deal with it. Should the same methods of punishment be applied to mature young criminals?
5 paragraphes:
1) intro
2) what are the offense that young ppl usually commit? and + some serious cases
3) why do they do that
4) how can government and society deal with that? how should juvenile delinquents be treated?
5) Should the same methods of punishment be applied to mature young criminals + short conclusion

up to 750 words. use as much of vocabulary below as possible:

to violate - нарушать
определение: To break a rule or law.
пример: When a driver exceeds speed limits established by law, they are violating those traffic regulations, potentially endangering themselves and others.


to do smth illegal - делать что-то противозаконное
определение: Engaging in activities prohibited by law. 
пример: Downloading copyrighted music, movies, or software without permission is a common illegal activity. This not only violates copyright laws but also harms creators and industries by depriving them of rightful earnings.


unlawful - незаконный
определение: Something not permitted by law. 
пример: Selling alcohol to minors is an example of unlawful behavior. This act is prohibited by law in many countries, aiming to protect young people from the potential harm caused by early alcohol consumption.

to commit a crime/a minor offense - совершить преступление
определение:  To engage in illegal activities, major or minor.
пример: Graffiti without the property owner’s consent is considered a minor offense in many places. While some see it as an art form, legally it is categorized as vandalism, which is a crime against property.

a severe punishment - суровое наказание
определение:A harsh penalty for a serious wrongdoing.
пример: A notable example of severe punishment is the death penalty, applied in certain jurisdictions for heinous crimes such as premeditated murder. It represents the most extreme form of legal sanction.


a sUspect - подозреваемый
определение: A person thought to be guilty of a crime.
пример: In many crime dramas, a typical suspect scenario involves being mistakenly identified in a lineup for a robbery.

to obey the law - подчиняться закону 
определение: Following the rules set by authorities
пример: Filing an income tax return before the deadline is a common way individuals obey the law. This not only fulfills a civic duty but also avoids penalties associated with late or non-submission.

law abiding - законопослушный
определение: Adhering to legal standards.
пример: A person who never drives under the influence of alcohol embodies a law-abiding citizen. Despite the social pressures and opportunities, making the choice to not drive intoxicated shows a commitment to follow the law.

abide law - подчиняться закону
определение: To comply with legal rules.
пример: Serving jury duty when summoned is a civic responsibility and a way to abide by the law. Participation is crucial to the legal system, ensuring that peers fairly judge individuals accused of crimes.

to break the law - нарушить закон
определение: To act against legal codes.
пример: Using a fake ID to enter a nightclub or purchase alcohol is a common example of breaking the law. Though often seen as a rite of passage, it constitutes criminal fraud and identity deception.

преступник/преступление
delinquency  - преступление
определение: Failing to adhere to legal or moral standards.
пример: Not paying taxes on time is a form of delinquency, affecting public services funding.

juvenile delinquency - несовершеннолетний преступник
определение: Illegal behavior by minors. 
пример: Teenagers vandalizing public property showcases juvenile delinquency, leading to community concerns.

a delinquent - преступник
определение: Someone who frequently violates laws or rules.
пример: A person repeatedly caught shoplifting small items from stores is considered a delinquent.

обвинения
to be convicted of a crime - быть обвиненным/осужденным
Определение: To be found guilty by a court of law.
Пример: A man was convicted of burglary after evidence showed he entered a home unlawfully to steal.

to be blamed - быть обвиненным 
Определение: To be held responsible for something bad.
Пример: The CEO was blamed for the company’s financial losses due to poor management and risky decisions.

to be charged with - быть обвиненным
Определение: To formally accuse someone of a crime.
Пример: She was charged with embezzlement after funds went missing from the company’s accounts.

to bring charges to smb -  выносить обвинения
Определение: To formally accuse someone of a crime through legal proceedings.
Пример: Prosecutors decided to bring charges against the politician for corruption and misuse of public funds.

to be acquitted - быть оправданным
Определение: To be formally declared not guilty of a charge.
Пример: After a lengthy trial, the jury acquitted the teacher of all charges, citing lack of convincing evidence.

to be sentenced - быть приговоренным
Определение: To receive a punishment assigned by a court after conviction.
Пример: The convicted fraudster was sentenced to five years in prison and ordered to pay back the stolen money.

to be rehabilitated - быть оправданным
Определение: To undergo a process aimed at reintegrating into society.
Пример: After serving his sentence, he was rehabilitated through a program that included job training and therapy.

про преступников
deviant - девиантный
Definition: Differing from the societal norm in a way that is often frowned upon.
Example: A deviant act could be repeatedly breaking curfew laws, which contradicts societal expectations for lawful behavior.

bizarre - странный
Definition: Extremely strange or unusual.
Example: Wearing a costume to a formal business meeting would be considered a bizarre choice of attire.

odd - странный
Definition: Different from what is usual or expected; strange.
Example: It’s odd to see someone using an umbrella on a sunny day without a cloud in sight.

weird - странный
Definition: Suggesting something supernatural; uncanny.
Example: The sudden cold spots in the room gave it a weird, haunted atmosphere.

outcast/outsider/dropout - аутсайдер
Definition: A person who has been rejected by society or a group.
Example: After dropping out of high school, he felt like an outcast from his peer group, who all continued their education.

to feel lonely/lost/disillusioned/depressed/isolated - быть одиноким, изолированным
Definition: Experiencing feelings of sadness and separation from others.
Example: Moving to a new city left her feeling lonely and isolated, without friends or familiar faces.

alienated - странный, ненормальный
Definition: Feeling estranged or isolated from a group or society.
Example: The company’s new policies alienated its employees, making them feel undervalued and disconnected.

distressed/stressed out - напряженный
Definition: Experiencing anxiety, sorrow, or pain.
Example: The mounting deadlines at work left him feeling seriously stressed out and overwhelmed.

humiliated - униженный
Definition: Made to feel ashamed or foolish.
Example: Being laughed at during the presentation was a humiliating experience for her.

lose hope - потерять надежду
Definition: To give up believing that something good might happen.
Example: After months of job searching with no success, he began to lose hope of finding his dream job.

feel alienation - чувствовать отчуждение
Definition: Experiencing feelings of being isolated and estranged.
Example: Many teenagers feel alienation when they believe their problems are misunderstood by adults.

live a quite & secluded life - жить тихую размеренную жизнь
Definition: Choosing a life away from societal noise and distractions.
Example: After years in the spotlight, the actress decided to live a quiet and secluded life in the countryside.

at odds with society - в противоречии с обществом
Definition: Being in conflict with societal norms or expectations.
Example: His progressive views often put him at odds with the conservative society he lived in.

отношение к таким людям

to be treated with contempt & hatred - относиться с презрением и ненавистью
Definition: To be regarded with deep disrespect and intense dislike.
Example: The whistleblower was treated with contempt and hatred by those who wanted to maintain the status quo.

to be looked down on - чтобы на тебя смотрели свысока
Definition: Considered inferior or inadequate by others.
Example: Highly skilled tradespeople are often unfairly looked down on in societies that prioritize academic achievement.

to be despised/insulted - быть презираемым/оскорбляемым
Definition: To be intensely disliked and disrespected, often openly.
Example: After making controversial remarks, the politician was publicly despised and insulted by many.
 
to be driven into despair - быть доведенным до отчаяния
Definition: Pushed into a state of hopelessness.
Example: Constant rejection from job applications drove him into despair about his future prospects.

to have compassion for - иметь сострадание к
Definition: To feel sympathy and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others.
Example: She had great compassion for the homeless, volunteering weekly to help at the shelter.

to condescend to smb - снисходить к кому-л.
Definition: To show feelings of superiority; to patronize.
Example: The manager condescended to her employees by explaining simple tasks they already knew, making them feel undervalued.

norms are accepted - нормы принимаются
Definition: Standard behaviors or rules that are widely recognized and followed within a society.
Example: In many cultures, saying “please” and “thank you” are norms that are accepted and taught from an early age.

time tested - проверенный временем
Definition: Proven to be reliable or satisfactory through a long period.
Example: These time-tested methods of cooking have been passed down for generations, preserving the family’s traditional recipes

to impose tough/tight mesures - применить жесткие меры
Definition: Enforcing strict rules or actions to control a situation.
Example: To combat the rising crime rate, the city decided to impose tough measures, including a curfew and increased police patrols.
to toughen/tighten

1. To cover one’s tracks
- Definition: To conceal one’s activities or whereabouts to avoid detection or blame.
- Russian equivalent: Заметать следы.
- Example: “After realizing he had accidentally sent an email with confidential information to the wrong person, Mark worked quickly to cover his tracks by recalling the email and informing IT to delete any traces of it.”

2. To get caught red-handed
- Definition: To be caught in the act of doing something wrong.
- Russian equivalent: Поймать с поличным.
- Example: “The thief was caught red-handed as he was trying to sneak out with the stolen jewels, leaving no doubt about his guilt.”

3. To have a run-in with the law
- Definition: To have a confrontation or an encounter with law enforcement.
- Russian equivalent: Иметь проблемы с законом.
- Example: “After his run-in with the law for speeding, Jason decided it was time to be more careful and respect traffic regulations.”

4. To keep one’s nose clean
- Definition: To behave properly and avoid trouble.
- Russian equivalent: Держать нос по ветру/не влезать в историю.
- Example: “Knowing that any further trouble could result in severe penalties, he resolved to keep his nose clean and steer clear of any activities that could be deemed illegal.”

5. To make off with smb
- Definition: To escape or run away with someone or something.
- Russian equivalent: Смываться / убежать с чем-либо.
- Example: “The robbers made off with the priceless painting before the police could apprehend them.”

6. To do smth by the book
- Definition: To do something according to the rules or the law.
- Russian equivalent: Действовать по правилам.
- Example: “Despite the urgency of the situation, the officer insisted on doing everything by the book to ensure that no procedures were overlooked.”

7. The long arm of the law
- Definition: The far-reaching power of the legal system to apprehend and punish criminals.
- Russian equivalent: Длинная рука закона.
- Example: “No matter where the fugitive tried to hide, he eventually learned that the long arm of the law was capable of reaching him even in the most distant hideout.”

8. To come clean/ to confess 
- Definition: To confess; to be honest and disclose the full truth.
- Russian equivalent: Признаться, выложить все как есть.
- Example: “Feeling the weight of guilt, Mark decided to come clean to his family about his mistakes in hopes of finding forgiveness.”

9. To fess up
- Definition: Informal version of coming clean; to admit to doing something wrong.
- Russian equivalent: Признаться.
- Example: “After breaking the neighbor’s window, the children knew they had to fess up to avoid getting in more trouble.”

10. To turn oneself in
- Definition: To surrender oneself to authorities voluntarily.
- Russian equivalent: Сдаться в руки правосудия.
- Example: “Realizing he could run no longer, he decided it was time to turn himself in and face the consequences of his actions.”

11. To take the rap for smth
- Definition: To accept blame or punishment for something, often to protect someone else.
- Russian equivalent: Взять вину на себя.
- Example: “Despite not being the one who made the mistake, Jenna took the rap for the team’s failure to prevent any further conflict.”

12. To switch on/ to rat on
- Definition: To betray someone by informing against them to the authorities.
- Russian equivalent: Сдать / доносить.
- Example: “Feeling cornered and desperate, he chose to switch on his partners in exchange for a lighter sentence.”

13. To get off Scott-free
- Definition: To escape punishment or the consequences of one’s actions entirely.
- Russian equivalent: Уйти сухим из воды.
- Example: “Despite the overwhelming evidence against him, the clever manipulations of the legal system allowed him to get off Scott-free.”

14. To get away with murder
- Definition: To do something very wrong or bad and not be punished for it.
- Russian equivalent: Уйти от наказания за серьезное преступление, делать все, что угодно, и оставаться безнаказанным.
- Example: “She’s so charming and persuasive that she seems to get away with murder in her interactions with the teachers.”

15. To get a slap on the wrist
- Definition: To receive a very mild punishment.
- Russian equivalent: Получить символическое наказание.
- Example: “For such a serious infraction, he only got a slap on the wrist, which many thought was far too mild.”

16. To throw the book at smb
- Definition: To punish someone as severely as possible.
- Russian equivalent: Наказать по всей строгости закона.
- Example: “The judge decided to throw the book at the offender to set an example and restrain future crimes.”

17. Eye for an eye/ tooth for a tooth
- Definition: A form of retributive justice where the punishment corresponds closely to the crime.
- Russian equivalent: Око за око, зуб за зуб.
- Example: “The community’s demand for justice after the brutal attack was an eye for an eye, seeking equivalent punishment for the perpetrator.”

18. To crack down on smb
- Definition: To start enforcing rules or laws more strictly.
- Russian equivalent: Принять жесткие меры.
- Example: “The authorities decided to crack down on illegal street racing, implementing stricter penalties and increased patrols.”

19. To turn a blind eye on smth
- Definition: To ignore something and pretend not to see it.
- Russian equivalent: Закрыть глаза на что-то.
- Example: “The manager turned a blind eye to the rule violations in the office, causing resentment among the staff who followed the rules.”

20. To do time
- Definition: To serve a prison sentence.
- Russian equivalent: Отбывать наказание.
- Example: “After being found guilty, he had no choice but to do time and contemplate on his actions.”

21. To be behind bars
- Definition: To be in prison.
- Russian equivalent: Быть за решеткой.
- Example: “The criminal’s reign of terror was over, and he was finally behind bars, where he could no longer pose a threat to society.”

22. Law-abiding
- Definition: Adhering to the law; not breaking any laws.
- Russian equivalent: Законопослушный.
- Example: “As a law-abiding citizen, Maria always makes sure to follow all the traffic regulations to avoid fines and contribute to road safety.”

23. Solicitor
- Definition: A type of lawyer in some jurisdiction who offers legal advice and representation to clients outside of court.
- Russian equivalent: Адвокат (в некоторых юрисдикциях, например, в Великобритании, имеет отличия от barrister).
- Example: “When John decided to buy a house, he hired a solicitor to handle the legal paperwork and ensure the process was carried out correctly.”

24. Defendant
- Definition: An individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.
- Russian equivalent: Ответчик / подсудимый.
- Example: “The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges and awaited the opportunity to present his case in court.”

25. Jury
- Definition: A group of people sworn to render a verdict in a trial, based on evidence presented to them in court.
- Russian equivalent: Присяжные.
- Example: “The jury listened carefully to both sides of the story, deliberated for hours, and finally reached a unanimous decision.”

26. Offender
- Definition: A person who commits an illegal act.
- Russian equivalent: Преступник / правонарушитель.
- Example: “The offender was captured by the police shortly after the robbery, bringing relief to the worried community.”

27. Victim
- Definition: A person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event or action.
- Russian equivalent: Жертва.
- Example: “The victims of the fraud scheme were promised full compensation after the perpetrator was brought to justice.”

28. Barrister
- Definition: A lawyer in some countries who is qualified to plead cases in higher courts.
- Russian equivalent: Адвокат, имеющий право выступать в высших судах.
- Example: “The barrister wore a wig and gown, as is the tradition in British courtrooms, and presented his client’s appeal with persuasive arguments.”

29. Judge
- Definition: An official appointed to decide cases in a court of law.
- Russian equivalent: Судья.
- Example: “The judge carefully considered all evidence before making a ruling that would change the course of the trial.”

30. Witness
- Definition: A person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place.
- Russian equivalent: Свидетель.
- Example: “As the only witness to the incident, her testimony was crucial in shedding light on the circumstances of the case.”

landing our own big fish - smth powerful or important in some way
revulsion - a sense of disgust and loathing.
on the go - very active or busy, in process
dead on my feet - very tired but still standing, working, etc
scuttle - a metal container with a handle, used to fetch and store coal for a domestic fire.OR the part of a car's bodywork between the windscreen and the bonnet.
slipped out - to leave a place without being noticed
en route - on the way to that place
click bait - content whose main purpose is to attract attention and encourage visitors to click on a link to a particular web page.
remains upbeat -  positive and cheerful : happy and hopeful.
screw up the shot - to make a mistake, or to spoil something

1. When the going gets tough, the tough get going. 
Meaning: This means that when a situation becomes difficult, strong people are able to step up and handle it.
Russian equivalent: Когда дело касается жизни, настоящие мужчины вступают в бой.

2. People in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones. 
Meaning: This saying advises against criticizing others when you have vulnerabilities that can be criticized as well.
Russian equivalent: В чужой глаз заметить соринку, а в своём бревна не замечать. (Literal: To notice a speck in someone else’s eye and not a log in your own.)

3. When in Rome,  do as the Romans do. 
Meaning: This implies that one should adapt to the customs of the places they visit or live in.
Russian equivalent: В чужой монастырь со своим уставом не ходят. (Literal: Don’t go to another monastery with your own charter.)

4. If you can’t beat them, join them. 
Meaning: If you can’t defeat your opponents or opposition, it might be better to align with them instead.
Russian equivalent: Если не можешь победить их, присоединяйся к ним. (Literal translation, the concept is understood similarly in Russian.)

5. It takes all sorts to make a world. 
Meaning: This saying highlights the diversity of people and their differing personalities, emphasizing the importance of each.
Russian equivalent: На вкус и цвет товарищей нет. (Literal: Everyone has different tastes.)

6. The early bird catches the worm. 
Meaning: This means that individuals who start something early or are proactive are more likely to succeed.
Russian equivalent: Кто рано встаёт, тому Бог подаёт. (Literal: He who wakes up early is given by God.)

7. Never look a gift horse in the mouth. 
Meaning: Don’t be ungrateful when you receive a gift; don’t overly scrutinize a gift or favor.
Russian equivalent: Дарёному коню в зубы не смотрят. (Literal translation, the saying is directly equivalent.)

8. If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it. 
Meaning: If something is functioning well, there’s no need to alter or meddle with it.
Russian equivalent: Что работает, то не трогай. (Literal: What works, don’t touch.)

9. Too many cooks spoil the broth. 
Meaning: This suggests that if too many people are involved in a task or project, it may not turn out well due to overcomplication or lack of coordination.
Russian equivalent: У семи нянек дитя без глазу. (Literal: A child of seven nannies is without an eye.)

10. Every cloud has a silver lining. 
Meaning: This is used to convey that even in bad situations, there can be something positive or hopeful.
Russian equivalent: Нет худа без добра. (Literal: There’s no bad without good.)

11. The grass is always greener on the other side. 
Meaning: People often envy the conditions of others, thinking they’re better off, without knowing the full details.
Russian equivalent: У соседа трава зеленее. (Literal: The neighbor’s grass is greener.)

12. Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.