the studies based on table of my data for systematic literature review PLEASE SHOW ME PREVALANCE OF COMORBIDITY: Objective Kind of study Data Collection Method Age Range Source Sample Size Gender Level of Injury Duration of Injury Cause of Injury Type Treatment Conclusion
The presence of depression descriptive and comparative study Beck depression inventory (BDI) 13-63 Imam Khomeini hospital and Red
Crescent Center of Tehran 51 36 male and 15 females Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar Not reported Not reported Not reported - SCI were at risk for different degrees of depression and the distribution of the individuals showed that the severity of depression increases with age increase, but it was not different in terms of gender and level of SCI
The relationship between religion, spirituality, and mental health Cross-sectional study The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); The Brief Religious Coping Questionnaire (RCOPE); The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) 19-63 Imam Khomeini hospital 213 165 male and 45 females Not reported 0.08–33.0 Not reported 99 incomplete and 114 complete - depression and anxiety are two psychologically important side effects after SCI
The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and sexual distress Cross-sectional study FSFI; Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS); Female sexual distress scale-revised (FSDS-R) 30-51 Imam Khomeini hospital 105 female 37 Cervical, 45 thoracic, and 23 lumbar-sacral longer than 6 months 9 Fall
12 Impact of object on the body
84 Car accident 60 A; 15 B; 10 C; 15 D; 5 E - Sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent among Iranian women with SCI
Evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and serum vitamin D levels Cross-sectional study Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 36–54 female
14–73
male Imam Khomeini hospital 60 116 male and 32 females Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported - reduction of BMD was more
severe in femoral bone sites and higher reduction of
lumbar BMD was shown when the level of injury is
above T6. We detected a significantly higher vitamin
D deficiency in individuals with SCI
Monitor Iranian veterans with spinal cord injuries (SCI) over a period of three years Prospective study General physicians’ monthly visits and self-reported complaints from telephone calls 39-53 Not reported 1984 1950 male and 34 females 219 Cervical, 1256 thoracic, and 472 lumbar
37 sacral Not reported Bullets and shrapnel, road traffic accidents, and city bombardments during the Iraq-Iran war 174 incomplete and 1810 complete - pressure area ulcers, reactions to severe stress and
adjustment disorders, diabetes mellitus and kidney and/or urologic disorders are
common
Evaluate passive knee stiffness and viscosity cross-sectional Passive pendulum test of Wattenberg 25-44 An outpatient physical therapy clinic, University of social welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Iran. 15 8 male and 7 females T4–L1 Not reported 9 Motor vehicle accident; 2 Fall; 1
Gunshot; 1 Lifting heavy objects; 2 Myelin viruses Not reported - passive knee stiffness is significantly higher in individuals with paraplegic SCI
Evaluate the effects of type and level of injury on respiratory function Cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study Review of medical records 43-56 Khatam Alanbia Hospital 368 male 32 Cervical, 240 thoracic, and 96 lumbar Not reported Bullets and shrapnel, road traffic accidents, and city bombardments during the Iraq-Iran war 248 incomplete and 120 complete - respiratory status in the screening was appropriate, indicating proper regular visits of veterans at home
Evaluate fatigue, depressive mood, and pain Cross-sectional Modified Fatigue Impairment Scale (MFIS-SCI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) 21-49 Imam Khomeini hospital 30 24 male and 6 females 2 Cervical, 8 thoracic, and 20 lumbar longer than one year Not reported Not reported - 53.3% of patients were fatigued, and higher scores in BDI were significantly associated with higher scores of MFIS-SCI in all domains of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial. Injury level significantly influenced the MFIS-SCI scores, while no correlation was observed between the injury level and the BDI score. Pain severity did not show a significant association with the BDI score or the MFIS-SCI score in all three domains.
Investigating the prevalence of obesity and overweight Cross-sectional - analytical Body mass index Age over 20 Khatam Alanbia Hospital 850 833 male and 17 females Not reported longer than one year Not reported Not reported - 42% of patients were overweight or obese, which is lower than the prevalence in the general Iranian population. There was a significant correlation between age and body mass index (BMI), with older patients having higher BMIs. However, there was no significant difference in BMI between patients with different levels of spinal cord injury.
investigate the prevalence of adjustment disorders (AJD) and psychological defense mechanisms Observational cross-sectional DSM-V criteria for AJD diagnosis and Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) 20-40 Imam Khomeini hospital 23 18 male and 5 females 13 Cervical, 10 thoracic, and 10 lumbar 5-13 Road accidents - 17
Falling - 4
Crash under heavy objects - 2 9 A; 8 B; 5 C; 1 D - 28% of the participants were diagnosed with AJD according to DSM-V criteria. The dominant defense style used by individuals with SCI with adjustment disorder was neurotic style, with idealization being the most commonly used defense mechanism.
estimate the prevalence of biochemical androgen deficiency Retrospective cross-sectional Androgen and testosterone levels 24–77 Khatam Al-Anbia hospital 319 male Cervical 45;
Thoracic 204; Lumbosacral 69 2–33 Not reported ASIA score A (complete) 169; ASIA score B–D (incomplete) 137 - 32.6% had total testosterone deficiency and 29.1% had biochemical androgen deficiency. Of those with biochemical androgen deficiency, 93.5% and 85.7% had luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) within or below the normal ranges, respectively.
the medical records of veterans descriptive cross-sectional drug interactions 41-74 Khatam Al-Anbia hospital 404 male Not reported 29-35 Not reported 262 incomplete and 142 complete - almost all veterans
with spinal cord injury had drug interaction
evaluates the prevalence and different types of pain Cross-sectional study demographic questionnaires and the short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2) 18 - 75 Imam Khomeini hospital 89 18 male and 5 females Cervical 17;
Thoracic 60; Lumbosacral 12 1-5 Accident 58;
Falling 19;
Heavy object falling on the patient 6; Violence 4; Diving 2 71 paraplegics;
18 quadriplegics - 62% of the SCI patients suffered from pain for more than a month
investigate calcium and vitamin D plasma concentration and nutritional intake status Cross-sectional study Serum calcium
and phosphorus were analyzed using Pars Azmoon kits
(Pars Azmoon Co., Iran) by the enzymatic colorimetric
estimation with o‑cresolphthalein complexone method 18 - 62 Imam Khomeini hospital 160 131 males and 29 females Not reported 2-40 Not reported Complete 48
Incomplete 112 - the amount of calcium intake was similar between two genders and similarly no difference in the amount of phosphor intake could be detected among men and women
Evaluate and report sleep quality Cross-sectional study Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 19-47 Imam Khomeini hospital 100 74 male and 26 females Cervical 29;
Thoracic 65; Lumbosacral 6 Not reported Not reported Not reported - decreased sleep quality