answer 5 questions: 

Which of the following were NOT included as one of the characteristics of "irreversible coma" or "brain death" by the 1968 Harvard Ad Hoc Committee on Brain Death?

 
Group of answer choices
unreceptivity and unresponsitivity
damage to the brain stem
no movements or breathing
no reflexes
 
Flag question: Question 2
Question 2 1 pts

In 1984, the US Supreme Court ruled in the case of Elizabeth Bouvia that medical practitioners are legally obligated to preserve the life of their patients using adequate and reasonable measures. 
Group of answer choices
True
False
 
Flag question: Question 3
Question 3 1 pts

Ms. Mia Garcia is a 72-year-old retired teacher who has been diagnosed with terminal cancer. She has been admitted to the hospital with severe pain and difficulty breathing. Ms. Garcia is still able to communicate and has decisional capacity. She has expressed to her healthcare team that she does not want any further healthcare interventions and prefers to focus on palliative care to manage her symptoms. Ms. Garcia has designated her daughter, Maria, as her healthcare proxy in case she loses decisional capacity. However, Maria disagrees with her mother’s decision and wants the healthcare team to do everything possible to prolong her life. What ethical principle is at play in this situation?
Group of answer choices
autonomy
beneficence
nonmaleficence
justice
 
Flag question: Question 4
Question 4 1 pts

Ms. Susan Jenkins is a 75-year-old retired teacher who was recently diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer. She has been receiving chemotherapy for several months, but her cancer has continued to progress. Ms. Jenkins has now lost decisional capacity, and her husband has been appointed as her surrogate decision-maker. The healthcare team is recommending a new treatment option that could potentially extend Ms. Jenkins’s life, but it also carries significant risks and could decrease her quality of life. What action should be taken?
Group of answer choices
The healthcare team should proceed with the new treatment option without discussing the risks with Ms. Jenkins’ husband, as it is the team’s duty to pursue treatment that may benefit the patient’s health.
Ms. Jenkins’ husband should refuse the new treatment option, as it carries significcant risks and could decrease her quality of life.
The healthcare team should discuss the risks and bene􀁿ts of the new treatment option with Ms. Jenkins’ husband, and they should make a joint decision based on what is in Ms. Jenkins’ best interests.
Ms. Jenkins’ husband should make the decision on his own, without input from the healthcare team, because he has been appointed as her surrogate decision-maker.
 
Flag question: Question 5
Question 5 1 pts

Mr. Michael Ward is a 68-year-old man with advanced Parkinson’s disease. He has been living in a nursing home for the past year and is frequently admitted to the hospital for treatment of infections. He has recently been admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and is having difficulty breathing. While in the hospital, he experiences respiratory failure and requires mechanical ventilation. Mr. Ward has decisional capacity and expresses to the healthcare team that he does not want to be on prolonged mechanical ventilation. However, his daughter, who is his designated surrogate, insists that he should receive all available treatment options to prolong his life, regardless of his wishes. What is the professional obligation of the healthcare team?
Group of answer choices
The healthcare team should honor the patient’s wishes and not provide prolonged mechanical ventilation, regardless of the surrogate’s wishes.
The healthcare team should provide all available treatment options, as requested by the surrogate.
The healthcare team should seek an ethics consultation to help resolve the con􀂀ict between the patient’s wishes and the surrogate’s wishes.
The healthcare team should make the decision on behalf of the patient, as the surrogate is making an emotionally driven decision.