Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            mperature will be damaged.  
2- Instruments must be lightly packaged in bags obtained from the sterilizer 
manufacturer.  
3- Towels and heavy cloth wrappings of surgical instruments may not be 
penetrated to provide sterilization. 
 
3-DRY HEAT STERILIZATION (hot air ovens) 
   It is the most widely used method of sterilization by dry heat. Dry heat sterilization 
is readily achieved at temperatures above 320° F (160° C) for 1-2 hours. The oven 
is electrically heated and is fitted with a fan to ensure adequate and even distribution 
of hat air in the chamber. It is also fitted with a thermostat that maintains the 
chamber air at a chosen temperature. 
Instruments which are sterilized by using hot air oven are : 
❏ Endodontic instruments 
❏ Condensers 
❏ Hand instruments 
❏ Orthodontic pliers 
❏ Surgical instruments 
❏ Burs 
 
Advantages of dry heat  
1- Carbon steel instruments and burs do not rust, corrode, or lose their temper or 
cutting edges if they are well dried before processing.  
2- Economical.  
3- Easily monitored.  
Disadvantages of dry heat  
1- High temperatures may damage more heat-sensitive items, such as rubber or 
plastic goods.   
2- Sterilization cycles are prolonged at the lower temperatures.   
3- Heavy loads of instruments, crowding of packs, and heavy wrapping easily defeat 
sterilization.   
4-Hot air is bad conductor of heat hence it has less penetrating power. 
4 -  Ethylene Oxide sterilization 
    Ethylene oxide sterilization is the best method for sterilizing complex, heat 
sensitive instruments and delicate materials like rotary handpiece. Ethylene oxide is 
a gas at a temperature below 100℃. It is highly explosive and inflammable. It is 
highly penetrative, non-corrosive agent with a bactericidal action. It is used for the 
sterilization of towels, metal and plastic instruments. 
 
LIQUID STERILANTS/HIGH-LEVEL DISINFECTANTS 
. Sterilants used for high-level disinfection of items for reuse are glutaraldehydes 
at 2% to 3% concentrations; it kills bactereial spores in 6-10 hours.  
∙ Greater dilutions are not encouraged for repeated use.  
∙ Placing wet items into disinfectant trays dilutes the solution.  
∙ Glutaraldehydes are irritating, sensitizing to skin and respiratory passages, and can 
be toxic as indicated in manufacturers' safety data sheets.Keep trays tightly covered 
in a  well-vented area.   
∙ Do not use 2% glutaraldehyde solutions to wipe counters or equipment (e.g., dental 
unit and chair).  
Infection control program in minimum dental office 
1.Sterilization of instruments 
2.Comprehensive medical history 
3.Hepatitis B vaccine to prevent any cross infection 
4.Antiseptic and mouthwash 
5.Disposal mask and gloves 
6.Protective eye glass 
7.Rubber dam 
8.Surface cleaning and cover tray  
9.Needle and sharp instrument safety 
DENTAL INSTRUMENTS CLASSIFICATION 
based on risk of transmission and need of sterilization  
-CRITICAL  
-SEMI-CRITICAL  
-NON-CRITICAL 
 
 
 
Stages for instrument sterilizati

            Quiz: