2010 Scheme 
                     Q.P. Code: 201001                                                             Reg. No.: ………………… 
                           Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations  
                                                                       March 2024         
                                                             Pharmacology - Paper I 
                     Time: 2 Hours                                                                                     Max Marks: 40 
                             Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly  •  Do not leave any blank pages between 
                              answers   •    Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space 
                             Answer all parts of a single question together  • Leave sufficient space between answers    
                             Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary 
                     Essays:                                                                                                   (2x6=12) 
                     1.  Classify Antihypertensive drugs. Describe the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses 
                          and adverse effects of Amlodipine.                                                                       (3+3)  
                     2.  A 22-year-old farmer was brought to the casualty with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, 
                          severe abdominal pain, lacrimation, salivation, blurring of vision, muscular twitches and 
                          weakness. He was suspected to have consumed Organo-phosphorous compound.  
                              a)  Outline the management of this poisoning 
                              b)  Discuss the mechanism of action and rationale for using the specific antidotes 
                                                                                                                                   (2+4)  
                     Short Notes:                                                                                              (5x3=15) 
                     3.  Name two Atypical antipsychotics. What are the advantages of Atypical antipsychotics 
                          over Typical antipsychotics  
                     4.  Sumatriptan   
                     5.  Sodium valproate  
                     6.  Heparin  
                     7.  Advantages and disadvantages of intravenous route of drug administration  
                     Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                                             (3x1=3)  
                     8.  Misoprostol in the treatment of Aspirin induced gastritis  
                     9.  Levodopa and Carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinsonism  
                     10. Morphine in Acute myocardial infarction  
                     Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                                              (3x1=3) 
                     11. Propranolol 
                     12. Furosemide 
                     13. Diazepam  
                     Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                                                    (2x1=2) 
                     14. Salbutamol / Sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of acute attack of Bronchial asthma  
                     15. Phenobarbitone / Carbamazepine in treatment of Trigeminal neuralgia   
                     Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                                 (5x1=5) 
                     16. Mucolytics  
                     17. Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)  
                     18. Pre anaesthetic medications  
                     19. Anti anginal agents  
                     20. Hypolipidaemic drugs  
                                                                       ***************** 
                Q.P. Code: 201001                                         Reg. no.: ………………… 
                    Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations 
                                                      July 2018  
                                                Pharmacology- Paper I 
                Time: 2 Hours                                                            Total Marks: 40 
                                          Answer all questions
                                          Draw diagrams wherever necessary
                Essays:                                                                         (2x6=12) 
                1. Define a receptor. Discuss the various transducer mechanisms by which the receptors
                   act.                                                                             (1+5) 
                2. What should be the line of management of hypertension in this patient
                                                                                                   (2+2+2)      
                Short notes:                                                                    (5x3=15) 
                3. Prophylaxis of migraine
                4. Spironolactone
                5. Losartan
                6. Pre anesthetic medication
                7. Uses of prostaglandins
                Answer briefly:                                                                   (5x1=5) 
                8. Rationale for use of dantrolene sodium in malignant hypertension
                9. Rationale for use of pilocarpine in glaucoma
                10. Rationale for use of prazosin in benign prostatic hyperplasia
                11. Rationale for use of methadone in morphine dependence therapy
                12. Inodilators
                Name two drugs:                                                                   (8x1=8) 
                13. Oral anticoagulants
                14. Calcium channel blockers
                15. COMT inhibitors
                16. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
                17. Competitive neuromuscular blockers
                18. Uricosuric agent
                19. Mucolytics
                20. Beta 2 sympathomimetic drugs
                                                   ***************** 
             Q.P. Code: 201001                                                        Reg. no.: ………………… 
                  Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations, 
                                                          October 2016 
                                                     Pharmacology- Paper I 
             Time: 2 Hours                                                                              Total Marks: 40 
                                           •   Answer all questions 
                                           •   Draw diagrams wherever necessary 
             Essays:                                                                                             (2x6=12) 
             1.  Classify NSAIDs. Mention the therapeutic uses and adverse effects of salicylates.               (2+2+2=6) 
             2.  Read the case history and answer the following questions.  A 25 years old man had a gradual 
                 onset of delusions   and auditory   hallucinations.  He was taken to a psychiatrist who started 
                 him on tab. haloperidol 2mg twice   daily.  A few weeks later although he improved clinically he 
                 developed stiffness and rigidity of upper and   lower limbs. 
                 •    Comment on the response of the patient to haloperidol. 
                 •    Outline the further line of management. 
                 •    Name two atypical antipsychotics.                                                          (2+2+2=6) 
             Short notes:                                                                                        (5x3=15) 
             3.  Carvedilol 
             4.  COMT inhibitors. 
             5.  Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of atropine. 
             6.  Furosemide. 
             7.  First pass metabolism. 
             Answer briefly:                                                                                       (5x1=5) 
             8.  Rationale for the use of   glycopyrrolate   in pre-anesthetic medication. 
             9.  Mechanism of action of pancuronium. 
             10. New drug delivery systems. 
             11. Two uses and two adverse effects of morphine. 
             12. Young’s formula. 
              
             Name two drugs:                                                                                       (8x1=8) 
             13. Status epilepticus. 
             14. Febrile convulsions in a child aged six years. 
             15. Drugs used in myasthenia gravis. 
             16. Acute myocardial infarction. 
             17. Congestive cardiac failure. 
             18. Iron deficiency anemia. 
             19. Motion sickness. 
             20. Acute severe asthma.  
                                                          ******************* 
             Q.P. Code: 201001                                                 Reg. no.: ………………… 
                      Second Professional MBBS Degree Examinations, February 2016 
                                                     Pharmacology- Paper I 
             Time: 2 Hours                                                                              Total Marks: 40 
                                           •   Answer all questions 
                                           •   Draw diagrams wherever necessary 
             Essays:                                                                                             (2x6=12) 
             1.  Enumerate four groups of antiepileptic drugs with examples of each. Mention four newer anti 
                 epileptics. Describe the pharmacological actions, adverse effects and therapeutic uses of any 
                 one of them.                                                                                (2 + 2+ 2 = 6)                 
             2.  Read the clinical problem and answer the following question:    Master. Vijay, 12 years had 
                 severe fever for the past 3 days and he was under treatment with antibiotics and analgesics. 
                 He developed severe pain in the stomach after taking the analgesics and he was admitted to 
                 the Hospital for severe gastritis  
                 •    List four groups of analgesics and antipyretics that produces gastritis ,  
                 •    Mention the mechanism of action and advantages of propionic acid derivatives   
                 •    Name two selective COX-2 inhibitors and its advantages                                  (2+ 2+ 2 = 6)  
             Short notes:                                                                                        (5x3=15) 
             3.  Therapeutic  uses of adrenergic drugs. 
             4.  Dopamine in cardiogenic shock. 
             5.  Bioavailability. 
             6.  Mechanism of action of loop diuretics. 
             7.  Rationale of ethanol in methanol poisoning. 
                       
             Answer briefly:                                                                                       (5x1=5) 
             8.  Explain why morphine is contraindicated in patients with head injury. 
             9.  Two uses and two adverse effect of nifedipine. 
             10. Mechanism of action of diazepam. 
             11. Plasma half life and its clinical relevance. 
             12. Nitrates in acute attack of angina. 
                       
             Name two drugs:                                                                                       (8x1=8) 
             13. Fibrinolytics. 
             14. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 
             15. Hyperlipidemia. 
             16. Hypertensive emergencies. 
             17. Parkinson’s disease  
             18. Causing teratogenicity 
             19. Management of organophosphorus poisoning. 
             20. Migraine. 
                                                         *********************                                   
           Q.P. Code: 201001                                         Reg. no.: ………………… 
                 Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary  Examinations, 
                                             September 2015 
                                           Pharmacology- Paper I 
           Time: 2 Hours                                                            Total Marks: 40 
                                  •   Answer all questions
                                  •   Draw diagrams wherever necessary
           Essays:                                                                         (2x6=12) 
           1. Enumerate four groups of drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Describe the
              pharmacological actions and adverse effects of levodopa. What is the advantage of combining
              levodopa with the peripheral  decarboxylase inhibitor.                      (2+3+1= 6) 
           2. Read the clinical problem and answer the following questions:  30 years old man was admitted
              in emergency ward with acute abdominal pain. After diagnosed with acute appendicitis, he was
              taken for surgery. On the operation table, after administration of a skeletal muscle relaxant,
              patient developed difficulty in breathing and went in for apnoea.
                    •  Which skeletal muscle relaxant is responsible for this reaction.
                    •  What is the reason for the apnoea.
                    •  How will you manage the patient.                                   (1+3+2=6) 
           Short notes:                                                                    (5x3=15) 
           3. Trans dermal therapeutic system
           4. Amphetamine
           5. Second generation antihistamines
           6. Tramadol
           7. Ramipril
           Answer briefly:                                                                  (5x1=5) 
           8. Rationale for use of calcium channel blockers in angina
           9. Rationale for use of ethanol in methanol poisoning
           10. Rationale for use of prostaglandin in acid peptic disease
           11. Rationale for use of physostigmine in atropine poisoning
           12. Pharmacovigilance
           Name two drugs:                                                                  (8x1=8) 
           13. Cholinesterase reactivators
           14. Intravenous general anesthetics
           15. Inhalational steroids
           16. Centrally acting muscle relaxants
           17. Nasal decongestants
           18. Pure opioid  antagonists
           19.
              Low molecular weight heparins
           20. Cardio selective beta blockers
                                               ****************** 
            Q.P. Code: 201001                                                 Reg. no.: ………………… 
                    Second Professional MBBS Degree Examinations, February 2015 
                                                 Pharmacology- Paper I 
            Time: 2 Hours                                                                      Total Marks: 40 
                                       •   Answer all questions
                                       •   Draw diagrams wherever necessary
            Essays:                                                                                    (2x6=12) 
            1. Enumerate four groups of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with the example each.
                Describe the pharmacological actions, adverse effects and therapeutic uses of any one of
                them.                                                                               (2+2+1+1=6) 
            2. Read the clinical problem and answer the following question: Mr.Shankar, 54 years suddenly
                developed severe chest pain. He was a diabetic and admitted in the ICCU with the diagnosis of
                acute myocardial infarction,
                    •  List the drug to be started immediately after acute myocardial infarction.
                    •
                       Write the mechanism of action and two adverse effects of fibrinolytics
                    •  Name the analgesics used to relieve pain and its rationale for the same      (2+ 2+ 2 = 6) 
            Short notes:                                                                               (5x3=15) 
            3. Atropine
            4. Drug antagonism.
            5. Halothane
            6. Diazepam
            7. Heparin.
            Answer briefly:                                                                              (5x1=5) 
            8. Two uses and two adverse effects of propranolol.
            9. Explain briefly why physostigmine is preferred over neostigmine for the treatment of glaucoma.
            10. Rationale of using terazosin in benign prostatic hypertrophy
            11. Mechanism of action of lignocaine.
            12. Teratogenecity with one example.
            Name two drugs:                                                                              (8x1=8) 
            13. Angiotensin converting  enzyme inhibitor
            14. The treatment of migraine.
            15. Nasal decongestants.
            16. The treatment of cardiac failure.
            17. Ototoxic diuretics.
            18. Short acting agents for insomnia.
            19. Treatment of methanol poisoning.
            20. Opioid antagonist.
                                                    ******************** 
             Q.P. Code: 201001                                                        Reg. no.: ………………… 
                     Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations, 
                                                        September 2014 
                                                     Pharmacology- Paper I 
             Time: 2 Hours                                                                              Total Marks: 40 
                                           •   Answer all questions 
                                           •   Draw diagrams wherever necessary 
             Essays:                                                                                             (2x6=12) 
             1.  Classify beta blockers with one example for each. Mention the therapeutic uses and adverse 
                 effects of propranolol                                                                                                    (2+2+2=6) 
             2.  Read the case history   and answer the following  questions.  Mr.George   aged  45 years  was 
                 on maintenance dose of  warfarin  5 mg /day  for his  ischaemic  heart  disease.  Subsequently   
                 he  developed  joint pains  for which   he was administered  tab. aspirin 300mg thrice daily after 
                 food.    One  week  later  he  was  brought  to  casualty      in  a  state  of  shock  due  to  severe   
                 haemetemesis. 
                 •    How will you explain haemetemesis in this patient. 
                 •    How it could have been prevented. 
                 •    How will you treat the present emergency                                               (2+2+2=6) 
             Short notes:                                                                                        (5x3=15) 
             3.  Propofol 
             4.  Dopamine 
             5.  Ramipril 
             6.  Treatment of organophosphorous poisoning 
             7.  Mention SSRI and its advantages. 
             Answer briefly:                                                                                       (5x1=5) 
             8.  Rationale for the use of adrenaline along with local anesthetics. 
             9.  Two uses and two adverse effects of calcium channel blockers. 
             10. Mechanism of action of dantrolene sodium. 
             11. Rationale for the use of nitrates in angina pectoris. 
             12. Chemical antagonism with one example. 
             Name two drugs:                                                                                       (8x1=8) 
             13. Drugs administered by inhalation route. 
             14. Anaphylactic shock. 
             15. Hypertensive emergencies. 
             16. Pre-anesthetic medication 
             17. Treatment of migraine. 
             18. Supra ventricular tachycardia. 
             19. Benign prostatic hypertrophy. 
             20. Cerebral edema. 
                                                      ************************** 
                                               
                     Q.P. Code: 201001                                                             Reg. No.: ………………… 
                           Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations 
                                                                     February 2021   
                                                             Pharmacology - Paper I 
                     Time: 2 Hours                                                                                     Max Marks: 40 
                             Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly  •  Do not leave any blank pages between 
                              answers   •    Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space 
                             Answer all parts of a single question together  • Leave sufficient space between answers    
                             Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary 
                     Essays:                                                                                                   (2x6=12) 
                     1.  Classify anticholinergic drugs. Describe the pharmacological actions, therapeutic  
                          uses and contraindications of atropine.                                                              (2+2+1+1) 
                     2.  A 50 years old male patient came to hospital with a complaint of breathlessness,   
                          Orthopnoea and swelling of both feet since 10 days. He is a known ischemic heart   
                          disease patient, using aspirin only and not taking the other drugs as prescribed. His  
                          heart rate is 128/mt and his blood pressure is 160/100 mm of Hg. Echocardiogram  
                          shows dilated cardiac chambers. 
                          • Classify drugs used in congestive heart failure 
                          • Explain the mechanism and pharmacological action of digoxin 
                          • Describe the adverse effects of beta blockers                                                        (2+2+2)  
                     Short Notes:                                                                                              (5x3=15) 
                     3.  Pharmacogenetics 
                     4.  Prazosin 
                     5.  Diazepam 
                     6.  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 
                     7.  Prophylaxis of migraine 
                     Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                                             (3x1=3) 
                     8.  Adrenaline in anaphylactic shock 
                     9.  Fomepizole in methanol poisoning 
                     10. Tramadol as analgesic 
                     Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                                              (3x1=3) 
                     11. Lignocaine 
                     12. Carbamazepine 
                     13. Isosorbidedinitrate  
                     Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                                                    (2x1=2) 
                     14. Naloxone/Methadone in morphine addiction 
                     15. Frusemide/Hydrochlorothiazide as antihypertensive 
                     Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                                 (5x1=5) 
                     16. Oral direct factor Xa inhibitors 
                     17. Mast cell stabilizers 
                     18. Antitussives 
                     19. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activators 
                     20. Aldosterone antagonists   
                                               
                                                                     ***************** 
                 Q.P. Code: 201001                                              Reg. No.: ………………… 
                      Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations 
                                                       December 2021     
                                                  Pharmacology - Paper I 
                 Time: 2 Hours                                                                  Max Marks: 40 
                       Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly  •  Do not leave any blank pages between
                        answers   •    Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
                       Answer all parts of a single question together  • Leave sufficient space between answers
                       Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
                 Essays:                                                                               (2x6=12) 
                 1. Classify antiepileptic drugs. Explain the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects
                     of phenytoin and sodium valproate. List four drugs used in status epilepticus.
                                                                                                        (2+3+1) 
                 2. A 30 years old pregnant woman attended to hospital with a complaint of sudden onset
                     of swelling of right leg and tenderness over calf. Venous Doppler of right leg suggestive
                     of presence of a large thrombus in leg veins.
                     • Classify anticoagulants
                     • Choose the ideal drug for this patient, write its mechanism of action and adverse
                       effects.
                     • What are advantages of low molecular weight heparins                              (2+2+2) 
                 Short Notes:                                                                          (5x3=15) 
                 3. Plasma half life
                 4. Metoprolol
                 5. Neostigmine
                 6. Potassium sparing diuretics
                 7. Clinical uses of prostaglandins
                 Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                         (3x1=3) 
                 8. Pralidoxime in organophosphate compound poisoning
                 9. Carbidopa in combination with Levodopa.
                 10. Verapamil in paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
                 Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                          (3x1=3) 
                 11. Clonidine
                 12. Morphine
                 13. Ketamine
                 Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                                (2x1=2) 
                 14. Enalapril/amlodipine in hypertension with renal failure
                 15. Dopamine/Dobutamine in congestive heart failure
                 Name the following (Two examples for each):                                             (5x1=5) 
                 16. Topical nasal decongestants
                 17. Atypical neuroleptics
                 18. Selective cyclooxygenase – 2 (COX-2) inhibitors
                 19. Potassium channel openers
                 20. Anticholinergic bronchodilators
                                                        ***************** 
                Q.P. Code: 201001                                         Reg. No.: ………………… 
                        Second Professional MBBS Degree Regular/Supplementary 
                                           Examinations February 2020  
                                              Pharmacology - Paper I 
                Time: 2 Hours                                                           Max Marks: 40 
                     Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly  •  Do not leave any blank pages between
                      answers   •    Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space 
                     Answer all parts of a single question together  • Leave sufficient space between answers
                     Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
                Essays:                                                                        (2x6=12) 
                1. Enumerate the newer drugs used in the treatment of epilepsy. Write the mechanism of
                   action of any two agents. Discuss the line of management of Status Epilepticus.
                                                                                               (2+2+2) 
                2. A middle aged man posted for Appendisectomy was given an injection by the ward
                   nurse before being shifted to the operation theatre. Patient developed dryness of 
                   mouth, difficulty in swallowing and severe thirst. 
                         What is the drug that was injected
                         Why the drug was given pre-operatively
                         What are the other drugs which are given pre-operatively              (1+2+3) 
                Short Notes:                                                                   (5x3=15) 
                3. G-protein coupled receptors
                4. Treatment of Status Asthmaticus
                5. Drug therapy of migraine prophylaxis
                6. Atracurium
                7. Levodopa
                Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                  (3x1=3) 
                8. Modafinil in night shift workers
                9. Spironolactone in cirrhosis of liver.
                10. Beta blockers in angina
                Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                   (3x1=3) 
                11. Human erythropoietin (Epoietin)
                12. Prazosin
                13. Amitriptyline
                Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                         (2x1=2) 
                14. Disulfiram / Fomepizole in methyl alcohol poisoning
                15. Physostigmine / Neostigmine in glaucoma management
                Name the following (Two examples for each):                                      (5x1=5) 
                16. Low molecular weight heparin
                17. Mucolytics
                18. Vesico-selective anticholinergics
                19. Orphan drugs
                20. Drugs used for PSVT
                                                   ***************** 
                    Q.P. Code: 201001                                                        Reg. No.: ………………… 
                         Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations  
                                                                    July 2019 
                                                         Pharmacology - Paper I 
                    Time: 2 Hours                                                                              Max Marks: 40 
                                                        Answer all questions 
                                                        Draw diagrams wherever necessary 
                    Essays:                                                                                            (2x6=12) 
                    1.  Classify antiepileptic drugs. Describe the mechanism of action and adverse effects of 
                        phenytoin                                                                                      (2+2+2) 
                    2.  Read the clinical problem and answer the following question:  
                        An elderly male aged 70 years was brought to the outpatient department with 
                        complaints of difficulty in passing urine, poor stream & post void dribbling. Examination 
                        revealed that he had benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and his BP was 160/ 100 mm 
                        of Hg. (2+2+2). 
                           What drug will you prescribe to take care of both BPH & hypertension 
                           Explain the mechanism of action of the drug in this patient 
                           What do you understand by ‘first dose effect’ of Prazosin  
                    Short Notes:                                                                                       (5x3=15) 
                    3.  First pass metabolism                 
                    4.  Furosemide 
                    5.  Fibrinolytic drugs 
                    6.  Calcium channel blockers 
                    7.  Atypical antipsychotic agents 
                    Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                                      (3x1=3) 
                    8.  Levodopa and carbidopa combination in Parkinson’s disease 
                    9.  Fomepizole in methanol poisoning 
                    10. Combination of adrenaline with lignocaine in infiltration local anesthesia 
                    Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                                       (3x1=3) 
                    11. Clonidine 
                    12. Allopurinol 
                    13. Diazepam  
                    Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                                             (2x1=2) 
                    14. Montelukast / Salbutamol in acute bronchial asthma 
                    15. Thiazides / Spironolactone in patients using Lisinopril 
                    Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                          (5x1=5) 
                    16. Transdermal patch 
                    17. Microsomal enzyme inducers 
                    18. Drugs for open angle glaucoma 
                    19. Cardio selective beta blocker 
                    20. Plasma expanders   
                                             
                                                                 ***************** 
                    Q.P. Code: 201001                                                        Reg. No.: ………………… 
                          Second Professional MBBS Degree Examinations February 2019 
                                                         Pharmacology - Paper I 
                    Time: 2 Hours                                                                              Max Marks: 40 
                                                        Answer all questions 
                                                        Draw diagrams wherever necessary 
                    Essays:                                                                                            (2x6=12) 
                    1.  Enumerate the topical group of agents used in the treatment of open angle glaucoma. 
                        Give examples and explain the mechanism of action of each group of drugs.     (2+2+2)          
                    2.  19 yrs old Saravanan was admitted to the emergency ward with the history of 
                        consumption of poison after love failure. On admission, he had profuse sweating, 
                        excess salivation, laboured breathing & pinpoint pupil.  He had thrown convulsion once. 
                        His pulse rate was 45-50/mt.   
                                What is your probable diagnosis 
                                What is the line of management 
                                What are the specific antidotes. How they are useful.                                  (1+2+1+2)  
                    Short Notes:                                                                                       (5x3=15) 
                    3.  Apparent volume of distribution 
                    4.  Treatment of smoking cessation 
                    5.  Cetirizine 
                    6.  Valproic acid 
                    7.  Furosemide 
                    Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                                      (3x1=3) 
                    8.  Atropine as antisecretory agent 
                    9.  Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in congestive cardiac failure 
                    10. Dantrolene in malignant hyperthermia 
                    Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                                       (3x1=3) 
                    11. Tenecteplase 
                    12. Allopurinol 
                    13. Haloperidol  
                    Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                                             (2x1=2) 
                    14. Naloxone / Nalbuphine in morphine poisoning 
                    15. Lidocaine / Propranolol to treat arrhythmia following myocardial infarction 
                    Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                          (5x1=5) 
                    16. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor 
                    17. Antiplatelet agent 
                    18. COMT inhibitor 
                    19. Leukotriene antagonist 
                    20. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor   
                                             
                                                                 ***************** 
                                                                            
                                                                            
                    Q.P. Code: 201001                                                        Reg. no.: ………………… 
                          Second Professional MBBS Degree Examinations February 2018 
                                                            Pharmacology- Paper I 
                    Time: 2 Hours                                                                               Total Marks: 40 
                                                     Answer all questions 
                                                     Draw diagrams wherever necessary 
                    Essays:                                                                                              (2x6=12) 
                    1.  Classify antihypertensive drugs. Describe the mechanism of action, uses and adverse 
                        effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.                               (2+2+1+1) 
                    2.  Sarala,  28  years  old  lady  was  suffering  from  depression.  The  physician  prescribed 
                        tablet fluoxetine 20mg/day for her. Answer the following: 
                           What is the mechanism of action of fluoxetine.                                                            
                           What is the advantage of this drug compared to tricyclic antidepressants. 
                           What can happen if this patient is administered pethidine concurrently                         (2+2+2) 
                    Short notes:                                                                                         (5x3=15) 
                    3.  Plasma half life  
                    4.  Edrophonium 
                    5.  Sumatriptan 
                    6.  Propofol 
                    7.  Clopidogrel 
                    Answer briefly:                                                                                        (5x1=5) 
                    8.  Tachyphylaxis. Give examples 
                    9.  Why is benzhexol used in the treatment of drug induced Parkinsonism. 
                    10. Explain the use of propranolol in thyrotoxicosis. 
                    11. Rationale of using low dose aspirin in post myocardial infarction. 
                    12. Atracurium 
                    Name two drugs:                                                                                        (8x1=8) 
                    13. Available as transdermal patch 
                    14. Used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation 
                    15. Potassium sparing diuretics 
                    16. Used in treatment of acute congestive glaucoma 
                    17. Histamine releasers 
                    18. In treatment of absence seizures 
                    19. Fibrinolytic agents 
                    20. Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs 
                                                                 ***************** 
                                                                 2010 Scheme 
                     Q.P. Code: 201001                                                             Reg. No.: ………………… 
                           Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations  
                                                                       March 2023        
                                                             Pharmacology - Paper I 
                     Time: 2 Hours                                                                                     Max Marks: 40 
                             Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly  •  Do not leave any blank pages between 
                              answers   •    Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space 
                             Answer all parts of a single question together  • Leave sufficient space between answers    
                             Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary 
                     Essays:                                                                                                   (2x6=12) 
                     1.  List the various routes of drug administration with suitable examples. Write the merits 
                          and demerits of Intravenous route of drug administration.                                       (3+3) 
                     2.  A farmer was brought to the emergency department of the hospital presenting with 
                          lacrimation, salivation, sweating and breathlessness. O/E he is having miosis, blurring 
                          of vision, bronchospasm with copious trachea-bronchial secretions with BP- 
                          100/60mmHg and PR-60/min. He gives history of spraying a strong insecticide in his 
                          agricultural field.  
                          (a) What is the likely diagnosis 
                          (b) Briefly outline the general measures of management 
                          (c) Discuss in detail the drugs used to manage this condition with its rationale for use
                                                                                                                               (1+2+3)  
                     Short Notes:                                                                                              (5x3=15) 
                     3.  Amlodipine 
                     4.  Frusemide 
                     5.  Phenytoin  
                     6.  Salbutamol 
                     7.  Paracetamol 
                     Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                                             (3x1=3) 
                     8.  Low dose Aspirin in prophylaxis of myocardial infarction 
                     9.  Dantrolene sodium in malignant hyperthermia 
                     10. Morphine in Acute left ventricular failure  
                     Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                                              (3x1=3) 
                     11. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors 
                     12. Diazepam 
                     13. Low molecular weight heparin 
                     Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                                                    (2x1=2) 
                     14. Dextromethorphan/Ambroxol for suppressing dry cough  
                     15. Timolol/Propranolol in glaucoma 
                     Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                                 (5x1=5) 
                     16. Parenteral preparations of Iron 
                     17. Nasal decongestants 
                     18. Triptans 
                     19. DMARD’S 
                     20. Drugs acting through nuclear receptors   
                                                                       ***************** 
                                                                 2010 Scheme 
                     Q.P. Code: 201001                                                             Reg. No.: ………………… 
                           Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations  
                                                                         July 2023         
                                                             Pharmacology - Paper I 
                     Time: 2 Hours                                                                                     Max Marks: 40 
                             Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly  •  Do not leave any blank pages between 
                              answers   •    Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space 
                             Answer all parts of a single question together  • Leave sufficient space between answers    
                             Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary 
                     Essays:                                                                                                   (2x6=12) 
                     1.  Classify antihypertensive. Explain the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects 
                          of ACE inhibitors.                                                                                         (3+3) 
                     2.  A 25-year-old male with symptom of excessive fatigue and lack of sleep was brought to 
                          the clinic. His relatives say that he is socially withdrawn and has made two attempts of 
                          suicide. He was prescribed tab fluoxetine. 
                                 Explain the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of fluoxetine. 
                                 Classify other drugs useful in the above condition.                                                (3+3)  
                     Short Notes:                                                                                              (5x3=15) 
                     3.  Ezetimibe 
                     4.  Special drug delivery systems 
                     5.  Mannitol 
                     6.  Carbamazepine 
                     7.  Drug Antagonism 
                     Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                                             (3x1=3) 
                     8.  Adrenaline with lignocaine for tooth extraction 
                     9.  Levodopa and carbidopa in parkinsonism 
                     10. Amlodipine and metoprolol in angina  
                     Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                                              (3x1=3) 
                     11. Cinnarizine 
                     12. Risperidone 
                     13. Heparin 
                     Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                                                    (2x1=2) 
                     14. Furosemide/Spironolactone in cirrhosis liver 
                     15. Verapamil/Nifedipine in supra ventricular arrhythmias 
                     Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                                 (5x1=5) 
                     16. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor 
                     17. Mucolytics 
                     18. Fibrinolytics 
                     19. Plasma expanders 
                     20. Mast cell stabilizers   
                                                                       ***************** 
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
                                                2010 Scheme
                Q.P. Code: 201001                                        Reg. No.: ………………… 
                    Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations 
                                                   October 2022       
                                             Pharmacology - Paper I 
                Time: 2 Hours                                                          Max Marks: 40 
                     Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly  •  Do not leave any blank pages between
                      answers   •    Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
                     Answer all parts of a single question together  • Leave sufficient space between answers
                     Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
                Essays:                                                                      (2x6=12) 
                1. (a) Classify the drugs used in treatment of hypertension – any four groups with two
                   examples each.
                   (b) Describe in detail any one group with its mechanism of action, uses and adverse
                   effects.
                   (d) Name two drugs given for pregnancy induced hypertension.                (2+3+1) 
                2. A one-year-old boy with febrile seizures was brought to the emergency department.
                   (a) Which is the drug administered and mention the route of administration with its
                      rationale. 
                   (b) Write the mechanism of action and other uses of the above drug. 
                   (c) Add a note on sodium valproate.                                         (2+2+2) 
                Short Notes:                                                                 (5x3=15) 
                3. Morphine
                4. Adrenaline
                5. Cardioselective beta blockers
                6. Plasma half life
                7. Pre-anaesthetic medication
                Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                (3x1=3) 
                8. Ethyl alcohol in methyl alcohol poisoning
                9. Adrenaline with lignocaine in local anaesthesia
                10. Prazosin in Benign hypertrophy of prostate.
                Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                 (3x1=3) 
                11. Frusemide
                12. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
                13. Potassium channel openers
                Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                       (2x1=2) 
                14. Physostigmine/Neostigmine for Atropine poisoning
                15. Colchicine/Allopurinol in Acute Gout
                Name the following (Two examples for each):                                    (5x1=5) 
                16. Prostaglandin analogues
                17. Second generation antihistaminics
                18. Prodrugs
                19. Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents
                20. HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors
                                                    ***************** 
                                                                 2010 Scheme 
                     Q.P. Code: 201001                                                             Reg. No.: ………………… 
                           Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations  
                                                                         May 2022    
                                                             Pharmacology - Paper I 
                     Time: 2 Hours                                                                                     Max Marks: 40 
                             Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly  •  Do not leave any blank pages between 
                              answers   •    Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space 
                             Answer all parts of a single question together  • Leave sufficient space between answers    
                             Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary 
                     Essays:                                                                                                   (2x6=12) 
                     1.  Classify atropine substitutes, explain their uses and adverse effects                                  (3+2+1) 
                     2.  A 60-year-old man gives history of chest pain, sweating and breathlessness on brisk 
                          walking, which is relieved on taking rest. 
                                 Classify drugs that are useful in this condition. 
                                 Explain the mechanism and pharmacological actions, uses and adverse effects 
                                  of nitrates                                                                                        (2+4)  
                     Short Notes:                                                                                              (5x3=15) 
                     3.  Second generation H1 antihistaminic drugs 
                     4.  Sodium valproate 
                     5.  Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of morphine and its congeners 
                     6.  Halothane  
                     7.  Propranolol 
                     Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                                             (3x1=3) 
                     8.  Adrenaline in anaphylactic shock 
                     9.  Sublingual administration of drugs  
                     10. Vitamin K in warfarin toxicity 
                     Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                                              (3x1=3) 
                     11. Verapamil 
                     12. Salbutamol 
                     13. Dextran  
                     Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                                                    (2x1=2) 
                     14. Physostigmine/Neostigmine in atropine poisoning 
                     15. Spironolactone/ Amiloride in lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 
                     Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                                 (5x1=5) 
                     16. Peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor 
                     17. Fibrates 
                     18. Atypical anti psychotics 
                     19. Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants 
                     20. Mucolytics   
                                                                         *************** 
                     Q.P. Code: 201001                                                             Reg. No.: ………………… 
                                Second Professional MBBS Degree Regular/Supplementary 
                                                             Examinations May 2021  
                                                             Pharmacology - Paper I 
                     Time: 2 Hours                                                                                     Max Marks: 40 
                             Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly  •  Do not leave any blank pages between 
                              answers   •    Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space 
                             Answer all parts of a single question together  • Leave sufficient space between answers    
                             Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary 
                     Essays:                                                                                                   (2x6=12) 
                     1.  Name two selective and two nonselective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors. 
                          Enumerate four uses of aspirin along with the dose required. Describe the adverse 
                          effects and drug interactions of aspirin.                                                            (2+2+2) 
                     2.  Read the clinical problem and answer the following questions: A 50 years old man was 
                          administered succinylcholine for endotracheal intubation. The patient developed 
                          prolonged muscle paralysis and apnea.                                                                    (2+2+2) 
                                What could be the cause of apnea in this patient  
                                How will you treat the apnea  
                                Name two muscle relaxants that you can use in this patient in future  
                     Short Notes:                                                                                              (5x3=15) 
                     3.  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors                    
                     4.  Drug antagonism  
                     5.  Telmisartan  
                     6.  Low molecular weight heparins 
                     7.  Second generation antihistaminic agents 
                     Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                                             (3x1=3) 
                     8.  Beta blockers in angina  
                     9.  Trihexyphenidyl in drug induced extrapyramidal syndrome  
                     10. Furosemide in acute pulmonary edema 
                     Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                                              (3x1=3) 
                     11. d-Tubocurarine  
                     12. Morphine  
                     13. Acetazolamide  
                     Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                                                    (2x1=2) 
                     14. Nifedipine / Verapamil in hypertension  
                     15. Salbutamol / Salmeterol in acute attack of bronchial asthma 
                     Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                                 (5x1=5) 
                     16. Antiplatelet drugs 
                     17. Mucolytic agents   
                     18. Drugs for absence seizures  
                     19. Drugs for Paroxysmal Supra Ventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) 
                     20. Potassium channel openers   
                                                                       ***************** 
                                                                                    
                                                                 2010 Scheme 
                     Q.P. Code: 201001                                                             Reg. No.: ………………… 
                           Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations  
                                                                       March 2024         
                                                             Pharmacology - Paper I 
                     Time: 2 Hours                                                                                     Max Marks: 40 
                             Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly  •  Do not leave any blank pages between 
                              answers   •    Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space 
                             Answer all parts of a single question together  • Leave sufficient space between answers    
                             Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary 
                     Essays:                                                                                                   (2x6=12) 
                     1.  Classify Antihypertensive drugs. Describe the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses 
                          and adverse effects of Amlodipine.                                                                       (3+3)  
                     2.  A 22-year-old farmer was brought to the casualty with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, 
                          severe abdominal pain, lacrimation, salivation, blurring of vision, muscular twitches and 
                          weakness. He was suspected to have consumed Organo-phosphorous compound.  
                              a)  Outline the management of this poisoning 
                              b)  Discuss the mechanism of action and rationale for using the specific antidotes 
                                                                                                                                   (2+4)  
                     Short Notes:                                                                                              (5x3=15) 
                     3.  Name two Atypical antipsychotics. What are the advantages of Atypical antipsychotics 
                          over Typical antipsychotics  
                     4.  Sumatriptan   
                     5.  Sodium valproate  
                     6.  Heparin  
                     7.  Advantages and disadvantages of intravenous route of drug administration  
                     Write the Pharmacological basis for the use of:                                                             (3x1=3)  
                     8.  Misoprostol in the treatment of Aspirin induced gastritis  
                     9.  Levodopa and Carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinsonism  
                     10. Morphine in Acute myocardial infarction  
                     Write two uses and two adverse effects of the following drugs:                                              (3x1=3) 
                     11. Propranolol 
                     12. Furosemide 
                     13. Diazepam  
                     Choose the appropriate drug and Justify:                                                                    (2x1=2) 
                     14. Salbutamol / Sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of acute attack of Bronchial asthma  
                     15. Phenobarbitone / Carbamazepine in treatment of Trigeminal neuralgia   
                     Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                                 (5x1=5) 
                     16. Mucolytics  
                     17. Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)  
                     18. Pre anaesthetic medications  
                     19. Anti anginal agents  
                     20. Hypolipidaemic drugs  
                                                                       ***************** 
                                                                                    2019 Scheme 
                           Q.P. Code: 211001                                                                                     Reg. no.: ………………… 
                                   Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations 
                                                                                              July 2023 
                                                                               Pharmacology - Paper I 
                             (General Pharmacology, ANS, CNS, CVS, Blood, Diuretics, Autacoids, Respiratory System) 
                           Time: 3 Hours                                                                                                               Total Marks: 100 
                                   Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers 
                                    •   Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
                                   Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers
                                   Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
                           Long Essays                                                                                                                             (2x15=30) 
                           1. A 52-year-old man presented with complaints of tightness and discomfort in middle part
                                 of  chest,  particularly  after  brisk  walking.  This  is relived  within  10  minutes  of rest.  A
                                 diagnosis of Angina pectoris was made by physician after appropriate investigations.
                                      (a) Mention four different drug groups used in treatment of Angina with two examples 
                                            each. 
                                      (b) Write the mechanism of action and adverse effects of Nitrates.   
                                      (c) Outline the management of Acute pulmonary edema, with rationale for use of 
                                            each drug. 
                                      (d) Briefly describe Antiplatelet drugs.                                                                                  (4+3+4+4) 
                           2. A  29-year  employee  gradually  stopped  going  out,  withdrew  socially.  He  felt  guilty,
                                 worthless and tired all time, lost interest in pleasure and sex and had disturbed sleep.
                                 Physician diagnosed him a case of Major depression.
                                      (a) Enumerate three drug groups with two examples each to treat major depression. 
                                      (b) Write the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of Fluoxetine. 
                                      (c) Briefly describe Atypical Antipsychotics                                                                                  (5+5+5) 
                           Short essays                                                                                                                              (5x8=40) 
                           3. Briefly describe drug biotransformation. Describe microsomal enzyme induction.  (4+4)
                           4. Aspirin.
                           5. Classify Diuretics. Briefly describe Frusemide.                                                                                           (4+4) 
                           6. (a) Outline the management of Organophospherous poisoning.
                                (b) Write the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of
                                 Pancuronium.                                                                                                                           (4+4) 
                           7. Briefly  describe  Adrenaline.  Advantage  of  combining  Adrenaline  with  Lignocaine.
                                 Mention the sites where this combination is contraindicated.                                                                       (4+3+1) 
                           Short answers                                                                                                                             (5x4=20) 
                           8. Pharmacological management of Bronchial Asthma.
                           9. Streptokinase.
                           10. Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol dependence.
                           11. What is the rationale of using Beta-blockers in Glaucoma.
                           12. Therapeutic uses of Anti-histamines.
                           Choose the Appropriate Drug and Justify:                                                                                                    (2x1=2) 
                           13. Codein / Bromhexine in dry cough.
                           14. Alpha Methyl Dopa / Losartan in pregnancy induced hypertension.
                           Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                                                                 (8x1=8) 
                           15. Drugs used in Absence seizures.
                           16. Prodrugs.
                           17. Drugs used to treat Bipolar illness.
                           18. Drugs administered transdermally.
                           19. Drugs used to treat Morphine poisoning.
                           20. Uricosuric agents.
                           21. Prostaglandin analogues.
                           22. Aldosterone antagonist.
                                                                                       *********************** 
                                                                                    2019 Scheme 
                           Q.P. Code: 211001                                                                                    Reg. no.: ………………… 
                                         Second Professional MBBS Degree Regular/Supplementary 
                                                                           Examinations January 2023 
                                                                               Pharmacology - Paper I 
                             (General Pharmacology, ANS, CNS, CVS, Blood, Diuretics, Autacoids, Respiratory System) 
                           Time: 3 Hours                                                                                                               Total Marks: 100 
                                   Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers 
                                    •   Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
                                   Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers
                                   Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
                           Long Essays                                                                                                                             (2x15=30) 
                           1. (a) Classify drugs used for treatment of epilepsy with two examples each.
                                 (b) Write the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of sodium valproate.
                                 (c) Outline the management of status epilepticus.                                                                                  (6+4+5) 
                           2. A 65-year-old woman presents with swelling over ankle and feet and over the face in
                                 morning. Weakness, fatigue, cough at night. A diagnosis of moderate heart failure is
                                 made by physician
                                      (a) Enumerate four drug groups with two examples each to treat heart failure. 
                                      (b) Describe the rationale for using each drug group. 
                                      (c) Mention the other uses and adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors.                                                             (6+4+5) 
                           Short essays                                                                                                                              (5x8=40) 
                           3. (a) Classify peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants.
                                 (b) Mention one centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant with its mechanism of action
                                 and indications for use.                                                                                                               (4+4)
                           4. Briefly describe kinetics of elimination. Add a note on factors modifying drug action.
                                                                                                                                                                        (4+4) 
                           5. (a) Signs and symptoms of Atropine toxicity. Briefly outline the management.
                                 (b) Uses of Prostaglandins                                                                                                             (4+4) 
                           6. (a) Frusemide.
                                 (b) Write the pharmacological management of Stage II Hypertension.                                                                     (4+4) 
                           7. Heparin.                                                                                                                              (2+3+3) 
                           Short answers                                                                                                                             (5x4=20) 
                           8. Pharmacological management of Opium (Morphine) dependence.
                           9. Enumerate  four  therapeutic  uses  of  Adrenaline,  with  its  rationale  for  use  in  each
                                 condition.
                           10. Propofol.
                           11. Pharmacotherapy of Rheumatoid arthritis.
                           12. Anxiety disorders.
                           Choose the Appropriate Drug and Justify:                                                                                                    (2x1=2) 
                           13. Adrenaline/Noradrenaline in Anaphylactic shock
                           14. Levodopa/Benzhexol in chlorpromazine induced Parkinsonism
                           Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                                                                 (8x1=8) 
                           15. Drugs used in productive cough
                           16. Centrally acting alpha-2 receptor agonists.
                           17. Microsomal enzyme inhibitors
                           18. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors
                           19. Vasicoselective anticholinergics.
                           20. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in glaucoma
                           21. Drugs causing tachyphylaxis
                           22. Drugs used to treat Acute Mania.
                                                                                       *********************** 
                                                                                    2019 Scheme 
                           Q.P. Code: 211001                                                                                    Reg. no.: ………………… 
                                   Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations 
                                                                                              July 2022 
                                                                               Pharmacology - Paper I 
                             (General Pharmacology, ANS, CNS, CVS, Blood, Diuretics, Autacoids, Respiratory System) 
                           Time: 3 Hours                                                                                                               Total Marks: 100 
                                   Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers 
                                    •   Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
                                   Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers
                                   Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
                           Long Essays                                                                                                                           (2x15=30) 
                           1. (a) Classify drugs used to treat Angina. Describe the mechanism of action, therapeutic
                                 uses and adverse effects of Nitrates. Add a note on Prinzmetal Angina.
                                 (b) Describe the management of Acute left ventricular failure.                         (4+5+2+4)
                           2. A  male  labourer  aged  27  years  was  brought  to  the  emergency  department
                                 with  signs  and  symptoms  of  rapid  and  shallow  breathing,  headache,  vertigo,  severe
                                 abdominal pain, dyspnea, motor incoordination, and slurred speech. He had a history of
                                 consuming illicit liquor 8 hours before he was brought to the emergency department. He
                                 was conscious and complained of blurred vision, fatigue and palpitation. On examination,
                                 he  was  found  to  have  moderate  retinal  edema  and  blurring  of  the  disc  without  any 
                                 change                           in                      the                        fields                        of                      vision.
                                 (a)       What           could           the        features            of       the        patient           be        suggestive               of.
                                 (b)  Drugs  to  be  given  for  this  patient  with  rationale  for  use  for  each  one.
                                 (c)  Describe  drug  dependence  and  outline  the  management  of  Alcohol  dependence.
                                                                                                                                                                (2+5+4+4) 
                                 (d) Describe general measures in poisoning.
                           Short essays                                                                                                                             (5x8=40) 
                           3. (a) Explain the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of Aspirin.
                                 (b) Briefly describe Low molecular weight Heparin.                                                                                     (4+4) 
                           4. Factors modifying drug action.
                           5. Classify drugs used in treatment of chronic simple glaucoma. Write the mechanism of
                                 action and adverse effects of Beta blockers.                                                                                           (4+4) 
                           6. (a) Enumerate four Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Write four uses and four
                                 adverse effects.
                                 (b) Briefly describe Lignocaine                                                                                                        (4+4) 
                           7. Classify drugs used in Bronchial asthma. Discuss the management of Status
                                 Asthmaticus.                                                                                                                           (4+4) 
                                                                                                                                                                       (PTO) 
               Short answers                                                             (5x4=20) 
               8. Selective COX-2 inhibitors (merits and demerits).
               9. Pharmacological management of Myasthenia gravis.
               10. Pharmacotherapy of Parkinsonism.
               11. Treatment of Acute attack of gout
               12. Pharmacotherapy of Organophosphorous poisoning
               Choose the Appropriate Drug and Justify:                                   (2x1=2) 
               13. Loratadine/Chlorpheniramine maleate for Acute Rhinitis in a driver
               14. Prazosin/Tamsulosin in Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy.
               Name the following (Two examples for each):                               (8x1=8) 
               15. Prostaglandin analogues.
               16. Skeletal muscle relaxants
               17. Drugs used in Alzheimer’s disease
               18. Antipsychotic agents
               19. Antiepileptic drugs
               20. General anaesthetics used for induction
               21. Fibrinolytic drugs.
               22. Drugs for Insomnia
                                               *********************** 
                                                                                    2019 Scheme 
                           Q.P. Code: 211001                                                                                    Reg. no.: ………………… 
                            Second Professional MBBS Degree Regular Examinations February 2022 
                                                                               Pharmacology - Paper I 
                             (General Pharmacology, ANS, CNS, CVS, Blood, Diuretics, Autacoids, Respiratory System) 
                           Time: 3 Hours                                                                                                               Total Marks: 100 
                                   Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers 
                                    •   Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
                                   Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers
                                   Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
                           Long Essays                                                                                                                           (2x15=30) 
                           1. Mr.  X,  a  65-year-old  retired  teacher  had  severe  retrosternal  chest  pain  radiating  to
                                 shoulder and left arm. He was profusely sweating and his ECG revealed ST elevation
                                 and a diagnosis of Acute Myocardial infarction was made.
                                      (a) Write the management of Acute Myocardial infarction with rationale for use of 
                                            each drug. 
                                      (b) Enumerate the drugs to be prescribed at the time of discharge. 
                                      (c) Mention the lifestyle modifications to be advised to this patient.                                                         (8+4+3) 
                           2. Classify Opioid analgesics. Write the pharmacological effects, therapeutic uses, adverse
                                 effects and contraindications of Morphine.                                                                                  (4+3+3+3+2) 
                           Short essays                                                                                                                             (5x8=40) 
                           3. Define plasma half-life and give two examples of drugs with very short half
                                 life. Define therapeutic index and give two examples each for drugs with high and low
                                 therapeutic index". (4+4)
                           4. Classify drugs used to treat Parkinsonism with one example from each group 
                           5. Describe the uses, adverse effects and contraindications of atropine and atropine
                                 substitutes.                                                                                                                        (4+2+2)     
                           6. Enumerate four drug groups used in treatment of Bronchial asthma with its rationale for
                                 use. Enumerate two drug groups used to treat cough.                                                                                    (6+2)
                           7. (a) Four drugs used to treat Chronic glaucoma with rationale for use of each drug.
                                 (b) Describe the Management of Status epilepticus                                                                                      (4+4) 
                           Short answers                                                                                                                            (5x4=20) 
                           8. Spinal anaesthesia - complications and treatment
                           9. Pharmacological basis of drugs used in treatment of Acute Migraine
                           10. Enumerate Alpha blockers and explain their therapeutic uses.                                                                             (1+3) 
                           11. Pharmacological basis of drugs used in Congestive Cardiac failure
                           12. Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Neostigmine
                           Choose the Appropriate Drug and Justify:                                                                                                   (2x1=2) 
                           13. Edrophonium /Pyridostigmine for the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis.
                           14. Scopolamine/Cetirizine for motion sickness
                           Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                                                               (8x1=8) 
                           15. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
                           16. Drugs used in Rheumatoid arthritis
                           17. Drugs used to treat Vertigo
                           18. Drugs used to treat Insomnia
                           19. Drugs used to treat Schizophrenia
                           20. Drugs used to treat Organophosphorus poisoning
                           21. Antiplatelet agents
                           22. Drugs used for Alcohol deaddiction
                                                                                       *********************** 
                                                                           2019 Scheme 
                  Q.P. Code: 211001                                                                                    Reg. no.: ………………… 
                           Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations 
                                                                                    June 2024 
                                                                      Pharmacology - Paper I 
                    (General Pharmacology, ANS, CNS, CVS, Blood, Diuretics, Autacoids, Respiratory System) 
                  Time: 3 Hours                                                                                                               Total Marks: 100 
                          Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers
                           •   Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
                          Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers
                          Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
                  Long Essays                                                                                                                             (2x15=30) 
                  1. Classify general anaesthetics. Write the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects
                        of  Halothane.  Enumerate  four  drugs  used  as  pre-anaesthetic  medication  with  its
                        rationale for use. Discuss the management of Morphine poisoning.                                                                (4+3+6+2)
                  2. Ms. X, 50 year attended outpatient’s department with H/o giddiness and headache. Her
                        blood pressure recording was 160/96 mm Hg. Diagnosis was essential hypertension
                              (a) Name four drug groups with two examples which can be given for this patient. 
                              (b) Write the mechanism of action, two uses and two adverse effects of any two of 
                                   the above drug groups. 
                              (c) Enumerate four drugs which can be given for hypertension in pregnancy. 
                              (d) Briefly describe management of hypertensive emergency.                                                                (4+6+2+3) 
                  Short essays                                                                                                                              (5x8=40) 
                  3. Discuss the factors modifying drug action. Describe the clinical importance of plasma
                        protein binding of drugs.                                                                                                                (4+4)
                  4. Discuss the management of drug induced Parkinsonism. Discuss the management of
                        megaloblastic anaemia.                                                                                                                   (4+4)
                  5. (a) Discuss the management of cardiogenic shock.
                        (b) Discuss the treatment of status asthmaticus.                                                                                         (4+4) 
                  6. (a) Alpha blockers      (b) Enumerate the uses of prostaglandins                                                                            (4+4) 
                  7. (a) Diazepam                         (b) Describe the management of Acute Myocardial Infarction. (4+4) 
                  Short answers                                                                                                                             (5x4=20) 
                  8. Pharmacological basis of Adrenaline in Anaphylactic shock.
                  9. Pharmacological basis for the use of Protamine sulphate in heparin overdosage.
                  10. Pharmacological basis for the use of Timolol in glaucoma.
                  11. Treatment of organophosphorous poisoning.
                  12. Drugs used in migraine prophylaxis.
                  Choose the Appropriate Drug and Justify:                                                                                                    (2x1=2) 
                  13. Atropine / Phenylephrine for refraction testing.
                  14. Promethazine / Levocetirizine for a machine operator.
                  Name the following (Two examples for each):                                                                                                 (8x1=8) 
                  15. Nasal decongestants.
                  16. Mucolytics.
                  17. Drugs used to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
                  18. Osmotic diuretics.
                  19. Parenteral iron preparation.
                  20. Drugs with low therapeutic index.
                  21. Antipsychotics.
                  22. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
                                                                              *********************** 
             Q.P. Code: 201001                                                        Reg. no.: ………………… 
                       Second Professional MBBS Degree Supplementary Examinations,     
                                                          September 2013 
                                                       Pharmacology- Paper I 
             Time: 2 Hours                                                                              Total Marks: 40 
                                           •   Answer all questions 
                                           •   Draw diagrams wherever necessary 
                                                
             Essays:                                                                                             (2x6=12) 
                 1.  Classify non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs. List the uses of NSAIDs. Mention four 
                      differences between aspirin and celicoxib.                                                (2+2+2=6) 
                 2.  A 50 year old man develops pedal edema and also has difficulty in breathing. 
                      Echocardiography confirms mild congestive cardiac failure. Answer the following: 
                      •   What are the first line drugs in congestive cardiac failure. 
                      •   What is the rationale for use of each of them in congestive cardiac failure 
                      •   Mention the life style modification that you would advise to this patient 
                      •   Add a note on treatment of digoxin over dosage                                   (1+2+1+2=6) 
             Short notes:                                                                                        (5x3=15) 
                 3.  Microsomal enzyme induction 
                 4.  Carbamazepine 
                 5.  Nasal decongestants 
                 6.  Treatment of organophosphorus poisoning 
                 7.  Diazepam 
             Answer briefly:                                                                                       (5x1=5) 
                 8.  Mention two uses and two adverse effects of chlorpromazine 
                 9.  Discuss the rationale for the use of adrenaline in anaphylactic shock 
                 10. Mechanism of action of lignocaine 
                 11. What is a pro drug and mention two examples 
                 12. List two advantages of low molecular weight heparin over standard heparin 
              
             Name two drugs for:                                                                                   (8x1=8) 
                 13. Bronchodilators (of two different groups) 
                 14. Non sedative antihistamines 
                 15. Angina pectoris 
                 16. Cardio selective beta blockers 
                 17. Two intravenous and two  inhalational anaesthetics 
                 18. Anti hypertensives used in emergencies 
                 19. Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants 
                 20. Name the antidote in poisoning due to paracetamol   and  methanol 
              
                                                          ********************** 
                                               
                                                     Code: 201001                                                                                                                                                                Reg. no.: ………………… 
                                
                                                                     Second Professional MBBS Degree Examinations, April 2013 
                                
                                                                                                                                                Pharmacology- Paper I 
                                
                                  Time: 3 Hours                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Total Marks: 40 
                                                                                                               •  Answer all questions 
                                                                                                               •  Draw diagrams wherever necessary 
                                  Essays:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               (2x6=12) 
                                  1.  A 24year old man is brought to the hospital with complaints of unconsciousness  , sustained 
                                             contractions (tonic) of all the body muscles followed by periods of muscle contraction alternating 
                                             with periods of relaxations(clonic)  lasting  1 to 2 minutes .  Answer the following: 
                                                        •  What are the drugs that can be prescribed to this patient. 
                                                        •  Describe the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of any one such drug. 
                                                        •  What is the treatment of status epilepticus.                                                                                                                                                                                                (2+3+1=6) 
                                
                                
                                  2.  Classify diuretic agents. Describe the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of 
                                             furosemide.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       (2+2+1+1=6) 
                                
                                  Short notes:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          (5x3=15) 
                                
                                  3.  Calcium channel blockers 
                                  4.  Drug treatment of anti cholinesterase poisoning 
                                  5.  Kinetics of elimination 
                                  6.  Halothane 
                                  7.  Nicorandil 
                                  Answer briefly:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           (5x1=5) 
                                
                                  8.           Rationale of combining beta blockers with long acting nitrates 
                                  9.           Clinical uses of prostaglandins 
                                  10.  Mechanism of action of disulfiram 
                                  11.  Flumazenil 
                                  12.  Hofmann elimination 
                                  Name two drugs for:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       (8x1=8) 
                                
                                  13. Drugs used in Myasthenia gravis 
                                  14. Uterine relaxants 
                                  15. Mast cell stabilizers 
                                  16. Mucolytics 
                                  17. Low molecular weight heparins 
                                  18. Anti platelet drugs 
                                  19. Drug induced parkinsonism 
                                  20. 5HT antagonists 
                                
                                
                                
                                                                                                                                                               ****************** 
             Q.P. Code: 201001                                                        Reg. no.: ………………… 
                         Second Professional MBBS Degree Examinations, March 2014 
                                                       Pharmacology- Paper I 
             Time: 2 Hours                                                                              Total Marks: 40 
                                           •   Answer all questions 
                                           •   Draw diagrams wherever necessary 
             Essays:                                                                                             (2x6=12) 
                 1.  A 28 years old man, while working on his computer in an IT company, suddenly went 
                      blank, fell down and appeared to be unconscious.  He regains consciousness in the 
                      next 5 minutes  but was confused and could not remember what happened. When he 
                      consulted a neurologist, he was diagnosed to have absence seizures. Answer the 
                      following: 
                      •  Name two drugs useful in absence seizures 
                      •  Explain the mechanism of action of phenytoin 
                      •  List four uses of carbamazepine 
                      •  Mention two drugs used in status epilepticus                                     (1+2+2+1=6) 
                 2.  Enumerate  blockers. Explain any six uses and two contraindications of   blockers
                                                                                                              (2+3+1=6) 
             Short notes:                                                                                        (5x3=15) 
                 3.  Sodium nitroprusside  
                 4.  Sevoflurane 
                 5.  Bronchodilators 
                 6.  Plasma half-life 
                 7.  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 
             Answer briefly:                                                                                       (5x1=5) 
                 8.  Two uses and two adverse effects of atropine 
                 9.  Rationale for use of frusemide in acute pulmonary edema 
                 10. Mechanism of action of diazepam 
                 11. Two differences between heparin and warfarin 
                 12. Mention  the antidote in over dosage of  morphine  
             Name two drugs:                                                                                       (8x1=8) 
                 13. Supraventricular arrhythmias 
                 14. Non sedative antihistamines 
                 15. Idiopathic parkinsonism 
                 16. Enzyme inducers 
                 17. Mucolytics 
                 18. Drugs for the  prophylaxis of angina pectoris 
                 19. Relief of somatic pain 
                 20. Hyperlipidemia 
              
              
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I have pharmacology paper 1 exam tommorrow. I have not studied anything. I want you to critically go through all the previous year question papers shared above and create an IMPORTANT TOPIC LIST that will surely help me pass the exam. The important topic list should be made in the order of decreasing frequency with most repeated topic being kept first. Mention also number of times a topic has been repeated. If I study that list, it would ensure that I will defintely pass the exam. Please be meticulous and ensure high accuracy. Craft in such a manner that it is HIGH yield. Present the important topics as a question paper format, with 2 10 marks question, 6 8 marks and 5 marks questions. It should be like a predicted question paper,inwhich most probable questions are listed (dont list as questions, list as topic, and then what are the questions asked inside it- specific subquestions. ) Use / and you may include 2 or more topics in one question itself. For example, For essay, if there are 5 topics that are important 
1. Topic A / Topic B