translate into arabic but be accurate and don't skip any word. "Pre-Columbian distribution of Na-Dene
languages in North America
The interior of British Columbia was home to the
Salishan language groups such as the Shuswap
(Secwepenic), Okanagan and southern
Athabaskan language groups, primarily the
Dakelh (Carrier) and the Tsilliciotini[27] The
inlets and valleys of the British Columbia Coast
sheltered large, distinctive populations, such as
the Haida, Kwakwakalwakw and Nuu-chah-nulth,
sustained by the region's abundant salmon and
shellfish.[27]These peoples developed complex
cultures dependent on the western red cedar
that included wooden houses, seagoing whaling
and war canoes and elaborately carved potlatch
items and totem poles1271
In the Arctic archipelago, the distinctive Paleo-
Eskimos known as Dorset peoples, whose
culture has been traced back to around 500 BCE,
were replaced by the ancestors of today's Inuit
by 1500 CE1281 This transition is supported by
archaeological records and Inuit mythology that
tells of having driven off the Tuniit or 'first
inhabitants1291 Inuit traditional laws are
anthropologically different from Western law.
Customary law was non-existent in Inuit society
before the introduction of the Canadian legal
systern.[30]

vre-uoiumman OISTIIDUI1011 of Algonquian
languages in North America.
Speakers of eastern Algonquian languages
included the Mrkmaq and Abenaki of the
Maritime region of Canada and likely the extinct
Beothuk of Newfoundland.[18][19] The Ojibwa
and other Anishinaabe speakers of the central
Algonquian languages retain an oral tradition of
having moved to their lands around the western
and central Great Lakes from the sea, likely the
east coast.[20] According to oral tradition, the
Ojibwa formed the Council of Three Fires in 796
CE with the Odawa and the Potawatomij211
The Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) were centred
from at least 1000 CE in northern New York, but
their influence extended into what is now
southern Ontario and the Montreal area of
modern Quebec.[22] The Iroquois Confederacy,
according to oral tradition, was formed in 1142
CE.[23][24] On the Great Plains the Cree or
Nehilawe who spoke a closely related Central
Algonquian language, the plains Cree language)
depended on the vast herds of bison to supply
food and many of their other reeds.[25] To the
northwest were the peoples of the Na-Dene
languages, which include the Athapaskan-
speaking peoples and the Tlingit, who lived or
the islands of southern Alaska and northern
British Columbia. The Na-Dena language group
is believed to be linked to the Yeniseian
languages of Siberia126] The Rene of the
western Arctic may represent a distinct wave of
•	it ME	lks	• awri...

Great Lakes area of the Hopewell Interaction
Area
The Woodland cultural period dates from about
2000 BCE to 1000 CE and includes the Ontario,
Quebec, and Maritime regions.[12] The
introduction of pottery distinguishes the
Woodland culture from the previous Archaic-
stage inhabitants. The Laurentian-related people
of Ontario manufactured the oldest pottery
excavated to date in Canada,[13]
The Hopewell tradition is an Aboriginal culture
that flourished along American rivers from 300
BCE to 500 CE. At its greatest extent, the
Hopewell Exchange System connected cultures
and societies to the peoples on the Canadian
shores of Lake Onlario.[14] Canadian
expression of the Hopewellian peoples
encompasses the Point Peninsula, Saugeen, and
Laurel complexesi[15]
The eastern woodland areas of what became
Canada were home to the Algonquian and
Iroquoian peoples. The Algonquian language is
believed to have originated in the western
plateau of Idaho or the plains of Montana and
moved eastwardll 6] eventually extending all the
way from Hudson Bay to what is today Nova
Scotia in the east and as far south as the
Tidewater region of Virginia.[17]

The North American climate stabilized around 8000 BCE (10,000 years ago), Climatic conditions were similar to modern patterns; however, the receding glacial ice sheets still covered large portions of the land, creating lakes of meltwater.[10] Most population groups during the Archaic periods were still highly mobile huntergatherersjil However, it groups started to focus on resources available to them locally; thus with the passage of time, there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization (i.e.: Paleo-Arctic, Plano and
Maritime Archaic traditionsM111
A northerly section focusing on the Saugeen, Laurel and Point Peninsula complexes of the map showing south eastern United States and the Great Lakes area of Canada showing the Hopewell Interaction Sphere and in different colours the various local expressions of the Hopewell cultures, including the LaureC Complex, Saugeen Complex, Point Peninsula Complex, Mark ill culture, Copena culture, Kansas City Hopewell, Swift Creek Culture, Goodall Focus, Crab Orchard culture and Havana Hopewell culture.

The Great Lakes are estimated to have been
formed at the end of the last glacial period
(about 10,000 years ago), when the Laurentide
ice sheet receded.
Archeological and Aboriginal genetic evidence
indicate that North and South America were the
last continents into which humans migratedIll
During the Wisconsin glaciation, 50,000 —
17,000 years ago, falling sea levels allowed
people to move across the Bering land bridge
(Beringia), from Siberia into northwest North
America.[2] At that point, they were blocked by
the Laurentide ice sheet that covered most of
Canada, confining them to Alaska and the Yukon
for thousands of years.[3] The exact dates and
routes of the peopling of the Americas are the
subject of an ongoing debate.[4][51 By 16,000
years ago the glacial melt allowed people to
move by land south and east out of Beringia,
and into Canada.[6] The Queen Charlotte
Islands, Old Crow Flats, and Bluefish Caves
contain some of the earliest Paleo-Indian
archaeological sites in Canada.[7][8][9] Ice Age
hunter-gatherers of this period left lithic flake
fluted stone tools and the remains of large
butchered mammals.     "