Use the following pieces of context to answer the question at the end. 
If you don't know the answer, just say that you don't know, don't try to make up an answer.

Context:
manifestation of culture’’. (p. 118) Like any other commu-
nity, Deaf (with capital D to represent Deaf culture) people
have their own culture, and sign language is the essence of
their culture. sign language is different from one country to
another, just like spoken languages, even if the commonly
spoken language in two countries is the same [21]. For
example, although the commonly spoken language in the
United States and the United Kingdom is English, American
Sign Language and British sign language have significant
visual-manual modality differences as each is based on the
culture in each country. This remark applies also to Arabian
countries. Sign language is the first and native language of
Deaf people, while the spoken language in whatever coun-
try they live in is their second language (L2). As a matter
of fact, Bilingual/ Bicultural philosophy emerged from the
previous point. The bilingual-bicultural approach is based on

manifestation of culture’’. (p. 118) Like any other commu-
nity, Deaf (with capital D to represent Deaf culture) people
have their own culture, and sign language is the essence of
their culture. sign language is different from one country to
another, just like spoken languages, even if the commonly
spoken language in two countries is the same [21]. For
example, although the commonly spoken language in the
United States and the United Kingdom is English, American
Sign Language and British sign language have significant
visual-manual modality differences as each is based on the
culture in each country. This remark applies also to Arabian
countries. Sign language is the first and native language of
Deaf people, while the spoken language in whatever coun-
try they live in is their second language (L2). As a matter
of fact, Bilingual/ Bicultural philosophy emerged from the
previous point. The bilingual-bicultural approach is based on

manifestation of culture’’. (p. 118) Like any other commu-
nity, Deaf (with capital D to represent Deaf culture) people
have their own culture, and sign language is the essence of
their culture. sign language is different from one country to
another, just like spoken languages, even if the commonly
spoken language in two countries is the same [21]. For
example, although the commonly spoken language in the
United States and the United Kingdom is English, American
Sign Language and British sign language have significant
visual-manual modality differences as each is based on the
culture in each country. This remark applies also to Arabian
countries. Sign language is the first and native language of
Deaf people, while the spoken language in whatever coun-
try they live in is their second language (L2). As a matter
of fact, Bilingual/ Bicultural philosophy emerged from the
previous point. The bilingual-bicultural approach is based on

manifestation of culture’’. (p. 118) Like any other commu-
nity, Deaf (with capital D to represent Deaf culture) people
have their own culture, and sign language is the essence of
their culture. sign language is different from one country to
another, just like spoken languages, even if the commonly
spoken language in two countries is the same [21]. For
example, although the commonly spoken language in the
United States and the United Kingdom is English, American
Sign Language and British sign language have significant
visual-manual modality differences as each is based on the
culture in each country. This remark applies also to Arabian
countries. Sign language is the first and native language of
Deaf people, while the spoken language in whatever coun-
try they live in is their second language (L2). As a matter
of fact, Bilingual/ Bicultural philosophy emerged from the
previous point. The bilingual-bicultural approach is based on

Question: what is the common topic of both

Answer: