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 In one of my earlier videos I have talked
about amor fati.
Amor fati means ‘love of fate’, and is
a concept in Stoic philosophy but also in
the works of Nietzsche.
The idea is to love and embrace whatever the
outcome is; no matter how hard we work towards
a certain goal.
This way, we detach ourselves from possible
results which enhances the ability to focus
on the task at hand, and take away the anxiety
that we may have concerning the future.
The next question is of course: how can we
do this?
In this video I explore 4 ways to practise
amor fati.
First of all: thank you Judith and thank you
Neil for your generous PayPal donation!
I appreciate it very much.
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supporters: thank you Martin, Joshua, Hari,
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Now, let’s dive in.
Love of fate.
The concept is simple; implementing it is
more difficult because most minds drift off
to the future very easily, and begin to fantasize
about things that might happen.
When we are restless because of the future,
we either desire or averse a certain outcome.
When we desire a certain outcome, the idea
of not getting it makes us anxious.
When we averse a certain outcome, the idea
of incurring it makes us anxious.
Thus, it’s the attachment to outcomes that
creates the turmoil in our minds.
To solve this, Epictetus argues that we should
remove desire and aversion in regards to things
that are not in our control.
I quote:
If you desire any of the things which are
not in your own control, you must necessarily
be disappointed; and of those which are, and
which it would be laudable to desire, nothing
is yet in your possession.
Use only the appropriate actions of pursuit
and avoidance; and even these lightly, and
with gentleness and reservation.
End quote.
Now this is easier said than done.
The Stoics believe that humans are naturally
inclined to look for things that enhance their
lives and avoid things that don't.
For example: we naturally look for wealth,
healthy food, friendship, companionship, et cetera.
The Stoics called these things ‘indifferents’,
that consist of preferred and dispreferred
indifferents.
So, it’s understandable that the prospect
of losing or not obtaining certain preferred
indifferents creates anxiety.
The Stoics say, however, that these external
factors are not necessary to be happy.
Which is great news, because they are not
in our control, so they would be very unreliable
sources of happiness.
Nevertheless, many people worry endlessly
about the future.
In order to reduce this maelstrom of anxious
thoughts, trying to control the outcome is
pointless, because we can’t.
What we can control however, is the position
we take towards the outcome, which the following
4 ways will be about.
1) Purposefully expose yourself to the thing
you averse.
Oftentimes, the things we averse are not as
bad as we imagine them.
Many people dread the idea of poverty for
example, which isn’t so strange because
in current society we are constantly told
that being poor is a terrible thing.
Someone fearing poverty might ask oneself:
how can I possibly live without a 4-bedroom
house, a car of a certain brand, two vacations
a year, eating in a restaurant at least once
a week, and so on?
The key to reduce the fear of certain outcomes,
it to actually expose ourselves to them so
we experience that a perceived negative outcome
is not so bad.
This way, we become familiar with hardship
and, thus, prepared for it.
Stoic philosopher Seneca had a nice quote
about this:
It is precisely in times of immunity from
care that the soul should toughen itself beforehand
for occasions of greater stress, and it is
while Fortune is kind that it should fortify
itself against her violence.
End quote.
The Stoics figured out that we do not need
all these external things to be happy; happiness
comes down to your own actions.
So, when you fear poverty: how about living
like a poor person for a number of days, in
order to discover that being poor isn’t
so bad as we think?
Another common fear is the fear of being single
and alone.
When you’re afraid of this, how about saying
‘no’ to relationships for a while, and
try to rely on yourself for happiness?
Once we find out that being single actually
can be great thing; we stop the fear of being
alone once we are in a relationship.
This also prevents us from staying in abusive
relationships, so we can take steps into the
direction we want without fearing the consequences.
(2) See change as an opportunity.
When I look back at life, I have seen that
many things I feared actually came true.
I have lost jobs, I have been kicked out of
school a few times, I have lost relationships,
friends and many opportunities.
At the same time, I also got other things
in return; as if life always tries to balance
itself out.
After I finished college I was not able find
a job because of the financial crisis.
The worst case scenario happened: I had to
work several simple jobs that were not what
I wanted to do.
When I look back, the experiences I had during
these years were absolutely life changing.
I was able to do things and develop myself
in certain ways, that I would never have done
if my life turned out as I had previously
hoped, and I’m happy things happened as
they happened.
Here is a quote by Epictetus:
Don't demand that things happen as you wish,
but wish that they happen as they do happen,
and you will go on well.
End quote.
Yes, we fear losing our jobs, losing our marriage,
losing our money.
But new situations, no matter how dreadful,
always have new opportunities hidden in them.
In his meditations, Marcus Aurelius states
the we should look for, and I quote:
..constant awareness that everything is born
from change.
The knowledge that there is nothing nature
loves more than to alter what exists and make
new things like it.
All that exists is the seed of what will emerge
from it.
End quote.
3) Realize that happiness is relative.
In one of my earliest videos I have discussed
how happiness is adaptive.
In 1978 there was a study by Brickman, Coates
and Janoff-Bulman, who wanted to find out
if happiness is relative.
In order to find that out, they studied a
group of lottery winners, a group of paralyzed
accident victims and a control group.
Of course, we would expect that a lottery
winner is much happier than someone who ended
up paralyzed by an accident.
And we also would expect that lottery winners
are much happier than the control group, that
didn’t win the lottery but weren’t paralyzed
either.
In the first weeks or so, this was indeed
the case.
But one year later, the controls and the lottery
winners were equally happy, and only slightly
happier than the paralyzed accident victims.
So if happiness is relative: why should we
fear the future?
The time and energy we spend on fearing the
future is most likely worse than the future itself.
Last year, my uncle was diagnosed with cancer.
At this moment he has been given up by the
doctors which means that he might not see
the new year.
When I visited him recently, he told me that
he feels fantastic.
He enjoys life to the fullest and is grateful
for every day that is given to him.
So, whatever tragedy happens: we know that
the new circumstances never exclude a sense
of happiness and wellbeing.
Moreover, we might unexpectedly feel even
better than before in the face of hardship.
4) Be present
Now, the ways I have listed so far all have
one thing in common: they point out that whatever
happens: we will cope with the new circumstances.
That we need the external things associated
with our current life situation to be happy
is an illusion; happiness is relative, as
well as unhappiness.
The future is just another path: not good,
not bad; only if the mind makes it so.
Change is the very essence of life; resisting
change is like resisting life.
As soon as we resist change, we’re already
in the future.
Because instead of accepting the present moment
we try to preserve it for the days to come.
Furthermore, we can say that there’s no
future nor is there a past.
There’s only now.
When fate comes, it comes in the present.
That’s why embracing fate can only be done
in the present moment.
So, when the future hasn’t arrived yet,
why worry about it?
But when it comes, love it as it’s here.
Love it before it’s gone, because if you
don’t, you might regret that you didn’t
enjoy the moment when it was right before
you.
Amor fati is the art of embracing whatever
happens and not needing a single day beyond
the present.
As Seneca wrote about Epicurus, who was tortured
by painful diseases and said: “To-day and
one other day have been the happiest of all!”
Thank you for watching.