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Introduction
Music events form an increasingly significant component of the cultural and entertainment landscape in many cities worldwide, offering not only entertainment but also potential socio-economic benefits to their host communities (Gursoy et al., 2017). Lagos, a vibrant metropolis and the economic hub of Nigeria, has witnessed a surge in the hosting of various local and international music events in recent years, ranging from concerts and festivals to music awards ceremonies (Adeaga & Oladipo, 2020). These events have contributed to the popularity of Lagos as a cultural destination while providing opportunities for revenue generation, job creation, and local community development (Gibson & Connell, 2016).

Despite the perceived significance of music events within the city, existing literature has not sufficiently explored the diverse socio-economic impacts emanating from these events in the context of Lagos. This gap in research presents the need for a comprehensive investigation into the consequences of music events in relation to the city’s economic growth, social well-being, and cultural development. Therefore, this study aims to explore the socio-economic impacts of music events in Lagos, with a focus on identifying the various stakeholders involved and the potential opportunities and challenges faced by the city in leveraging music events for sustainable development. This research will contribute to an enhanced understanding of the role of music events in urban development and provide valuable insights for policymakers, event organizers, and the musical community in Lagos.

Research statement: This study seeks to investigate the socio-economic impacts of music events in Lagos, examining the relationship between these events and local community development while highlighting key implications for policy and practice.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the socio-economic impacts of music events in Lagos and understand their role in the city’s development. 
To achieve this aim, the associated objectives are:

1. To examine the different types of music events hosted in Lagos and their contribution to the local economy.
2. To identify key stakeholders involved in organizing and benefiting from music events.
3. To evaluate the social and cultural impacts of music events on local communities and the city’s identity
4. To provide recommendations to effectively capitalize on music events for promoting sustainable urban development in Lagos


Literature Review
The socio-economic impacts of music events have been the focus of numerous studies in the field of cultural and event tourism (Connell & Gibson, 2015; Gursoy et al., 2017). One key aspect of this research domain is the economic impact of music events, commonly measured through indicators such as direct expenditure, revenue generation, job creation, and multiplier effects (Gibson & Connell, 2016). Several scholars noted the positive economic contributions of music events, ranging from large-scale international festivals to smaller local concerts. For instance, Gursoy et al. (2017) found that music events significantly contribute to a city’s GDP, create job opportunities, and attract additional spending from visitors, thereby enhancing the local economy. In the context of Lagos, Adeaga & Oladipo (2020) reported that the hosting of music events has led to an increase in tourist arrivals and contributed to a growing cultural tourism market in the city.

Several studies have examined the multiple ways in which music events benefit local communities and contribute to cultural development (Smith, 2014; Waitt, 2018). For example, music events have been associated with fostering social cohesion and a sense of belonging among local residents (Connell & Gibson, 2015) and have served as vehicles for cultural exchange and the promotion of local cultures and identities (Chalip, 2017). Moreover, music events can act as catalysts for urban regeneration and the revitalization of public spaces, offering opportunities to enhance the quality of urban environments and improve the attractiveness of a city for residents and tourists alike (Frost & Laing, 2018). Yet, it is crucial to recognize that the socio-economic impacts of music events may not always be uniformly positive (Quinn, 2013). In some cases, these events can give rise to negative consequences, such as traffic congestion, noise pollution, and the displacement of local communities (Smith, 2014). Furthermore, the temporary nature of some events may limit their long-term benefits for host cities, while the high costs associated with organizing large-scale events may outweigh the potential economic gains (Connell & Gibson, 2015). Therefore, a balanced and comprehensive understanding is essential when examining the socio-economic impacts of music events (Gursoy et al., 2017).

In order to provide a holistic assessment of these impacts, studies have employed various research methodologies, including qualitative case studies, surveys, and interviews with stakeholders, as well as quantitative analyses of economic indicators (Connell & Gibson, 2015). Partnerships between researchers, event organizers, policymakers, and local communities have been emphasized in order to generate context-sensitive knowledge that can inform practical decision-making (Smith, 2014; Waitt, 2018). Although previous research has advanced our understanding of the socio-economic impacts of music events, much of this work has been conducted in Western countries, while the African context (and Lagos in particular) remains considerably underexplored (Adeaga & Oladipo, 2020). Given the unique characteristics of Lagos, including its status as a major cultural hub in Sub-Saharan Africa, the findings from Western-based studies may not be fully applicable to this context (Gibson & Connell, 2016).

Moreover, emerging research attests to the diversity and complexity of the impacts of music events, indicating the need for context-specific analyses that take into account the different types of events, their scope and scale, and the local socio-economic conditions (Connell & Gibson, 2015; Gursoy et al., 2017). As Lagos continues to expand its music events scene, there is a pressing need for research that guides the city’s efforts to capitalize on these events in a sustainable and inclusive manner (Adeaga & Oladipo, 2020).

Research Methodology
This study adopts a mixed-methods research design, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the socio-economic impacts of music events in Lagos (Creswell, 2018). The choice of a mixed-methods design is informed by literature that emphasizes the need for context-specific and multidimensional inquiries to investigate the diverse implications of music events (Connell & Gibson, 2015; Gursoy et al., 2017).

Research philosophy and approach:The research philosophy underpinning this study subscribes to pragmatism, acknowledging that both objective and subjective realities influence the socio-economic impacts of music events and the experiences of various stakeholders (Saunders et al., 2019). Consequently, the researcher adopts an abductive approach, moving back and forth between empirical data and theoretical insights to generate a more profound understanding of the subject (Nunkoo, 2018).

Sampling: The population of interest for this study includes event organizers, local venue owners, musicians, policymakers, and local community members in Lagos. A purposive sampling technique will be used to select participants who have experience with or knowledge of music events in Lagos (Flick, 2018). For the quantitative phase, a sample size of at least 200 respondents will be targeted for the survey, while for the qualitative phase, approximately 15-20 interviews and 3-5 focus group discussions will be conducted.

Data collection: Primary data will be collected through three main instruments: surveys, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. The survey will be administered online to event organizers, venue owners, musicians, and a random sample of the general population in Lagos using social media and professional networks as the sampling frame (Bryman, 2016). The survey will consist of closed-ended questions that assess participants’ perceptions of the economic, social, and cultural impacts of music events in Lagos.
Semi-structured interviews will be held with a purposive sample of policymakers and key stakeholders, including selected event organizers, venue owners, and musicians. These interviews will delve deeper into shared experiences and perspectives on music events and their implications for urban development (Braun & Clarke, 2013). Additionally, focus group discussions will be conducted with local community members who have experienced music events in their neighborhoods. These discussions will provide a platform for exploring the community-level experiences and impacts of music events in Lagos (Goodson & Phillimore, 2004).
Secondary data will also be collected from various sources, such as government reports, industry statistics, and event evaluations, to complement and triangulate the primary data (Saunders et al., 2019).

Data analysis: The quantitative data from the surveys will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis to draw relationships between music events and their perceived socio-economic impacts (Brace et al., 2016). The qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions will be transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed to identify emerging patterns and themes (Braun & Clarke, 2013).

Ethical considerations: This research will adhere to established ethical guidelines concerning anonymity, confidentiality, and voluntary participation (Sanders et al., 2019). Informed consent will be sought from all participants, and they will be informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without repercussions. The collected data will be securely stored and only used for the purposes of this research (Silver & Woolf, 2018). Approval for the study will be sought from the internal institutional review board (IRB) before data collection commences.


Conclusion
The findings of this research have the potential to offer practical recommendations for policymakers, event organizers, and the musical community in leveraging music events for sustainable urban development and enhancing the city’s position as an emerging cultural destination in Sub-Saharan Africa.