Summarize the following text to main points and sub-points and make detailed explain for them:

 
 
Lecture3,4:Barium Meal –Small bowel follow-through- 
+Enema      
 MSc. Hadeel Zaidan Almamoori          
 
Introduction 
A barium meal, also known as an upper gastrointestinal 
(GI) series, is a diagnostic imaging test used to examine 
the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of 
the small intestine). The procedure uses barium sulfate, 
a radiopaque contrast material, which highlights the 
structure of the upper GI tract on X-ray images.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) Upper GI tract – diagrammatic 
representation from AP view; (B) position 
of stomach – lateral view from left 
Erect (slight LPO) position to show fundus. Barium 
sits in the antrum and body; CO2 rises into the 
fundus 
 (A) Supine position for antrum, body 
and lesser curve – barium pools in the 
lowest point, which in the supine 
position is the fundus, allowing CO2 to 
rise into the body and antrum which 
are coated with barium; (B) supine 
stomach. 
(A) Right lateral position, head 
tilted up, to show fundus – 
barium pools in the antrum as 
it is now the lowest positioned 
part of the stomach and 
CO2 rises to the fundus; (B) 
right lateral, head tilted up 
LPO – antrum and duodenal 
loop. 
﮳ﻬﺎز
ﻀًﺎ 4﮳ﺎﺳﻢﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺤ
اﻟﻤﻌĖوǀіﺔ أ4﮵،ﻮم
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
وﺣ
ﴢ
﮲ +﮵
ﺮ 4﮴ﺸﺤ
﮲ﺘ+﮳ﺎر 4﮴ﺼʷ4﮵
اﺣѢ
˦ʙ ،اﻟﻌﻠʷيѢ
˥ɮاﻟﻬﻀ
﮲ﺪمﻟƾіﺤﺺ اﻟﻤĖيء واﻟﻤﻌﺪة واﻻ4﮶ﲏﻋﺸﺮ
4﮵ﺴﺘﺤ
﮳ﺮاء
﮲ﺪم اﻹﺣ
4﮵ﺴﺘﺤ .(﮳ﺰء اﻷولﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻌﺎء اﻟﺪǀѠ+﮵ƾѠﺔ
اﻟﺤ)
ﻣﺎدة 4﮴+﮳ﺎ4﮵ﻦﻋ﮲+﮵ﺮﻣﻨƾіﺬةѢ
˦ʙو،ﻮم
ﻛ+﮳Ė4﮵Qﺎت اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
واﻟﱵ 4﮴ﺴﻠﻂ اﻟﻀﻮءﻋﲆ 4﮳ﻨ+﮵ﺔ،ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴ+﮵ﻨ+﮵ﺔ
.ﺻʷر اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴ+﮵ﻨ+﮵ﺔѢ
˦іǁاﻟﻌﻠʷيѢ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
اﻟﺤ
- اﻟﻌﻠʷيѢ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
اﻟﺤ (أ)
﮲ﺮ
ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻄѢ
˥Ɖ﮲ﻄ+﮵
4﮴ﻤﺜ+﮵ﻞ 4﮴ﺤ
ﻣﻮﺿﻊ (ب) Ѣ ؛
اﻷﻣﺎɰ˦Ѣ
˦ɰاﻷﻣﺎ
﮳ﺎ6﮲ﱯﻣﻦ
﮲ﺮ اﻟﺤ
اﻟﻤﻨﻄ - اﻟﻤﻌﺪة
اﻟ+﮵ﺴﺎر
) وﺿﻊﻣﺴQƾѠ+﮵ﻢLPO4﮵ƾѠﻊ.ﻦ
﮲ﻬﺎر ǀѠﺎع اﻟﻌ+﮵
ﻹﻃ (ﻃƾі+﮵ﻒ
ﺪ
أﻛﺴ+﮵Ѣ
˦﮳ﺴﻢ؛ 4﮵Ė4﮴ƾіﻊ 4﮶ﺎ5﮲
﮲ﲇ واﻟﺤ
﮳ﺰء اﻟﺪاﺣ
اﻟﺤѢ
˦іǁﻮم
اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
ﻦ
اﻟﻜĖ4﮳ʷن إﻟﻰ ǀѠﺎع اﻟﻌ+﮵
LPO – ﻒ اﻟ+﮳ﻄﻦ وﺣﻠƾѠﺔ
﮳ ʷ4﮵
4﮴ﺤ
اﻻ4﮶ﲏﻋﺸﺮ.
﮳ﺰء اﻟﺴƾіﲇ
﮲ﻬﺮﻟﻠﺤ
وﺿﻊ اﻻﺳQﻠƾѠﺎءﻋﲆ اﻟﻄ (أ)
﮳ﺴﻢ
ﻣﻦ اﻟ+﮳ﻄﻦ واﻟﺤ
أد6﮲ﻰѢ
˦іǁﻮم
﮳ﻤﻊ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
Sﺘﺤ - واﻟﻤﻨﺤﲎ اﻷﺻﻌіﺮ
وﺿﻊ اﻻﺳQﻠƾѠﺎءﻋﲆѢ
˦іǁواﻟﱵ 4﮴ﻜʷن،4﮲ƾѠﻄﺔ
Ѣ
˦ﻣﻤﺎ 4﮵ﺴﻤﺢﻟbﺎ5﮲،ǀѠﺎع اﻟ+﮳ﻄﻦѢ
˦ʙ﮲ﻬﺮ
اﻟﻄ
﮳ﺴﻢ
أﻛﺴ+﮵ﺪ اﻟﻜĖ4﮳ʷن 4﮳ﺎﻻĒ4﮴ƾіﺎع إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤ
ﻦ
﮳ﺰء اﻟﺴƾіﲇﻣﻦ اﻟ+﮳ﻄﻦ اﻟﻤﻌіﻠƾі+﮵
واﻟﺤ
.﮲ﻬﺮ
وﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺪةﻋﲆ اﻟﻄ (ب) ﻮم؛
4﮳ﺎﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
اﻟﺮأسﻣﺎ4ٔﻞ،﮳ﺎ6﮲ﱯ اﻷ4﮵ﻤﻦ
اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺤ (أ)
﮳ﻤﻊ
Sﺘﺤ - ﮲ﻬﺎر ǀѠﺎع اﻟﻤﻌﺪة
ﻹﻃ،ﻷﻋﲆ
ﻒ اﻟ+﮳ﻄﲏﻷ4﮲ﻪ اﻵن
﮳ ʷ4﮵
اﻟﺘﺤѢ
˦іǁﻮم
اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
Ѣ
˦Ė4﮴ƾіﻊ 4﮶ﺎ5﮲
﮳ﺰء اﻷد6﮲ﻰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة ʳ4﮵
اﻟﺤ
(ب) أﻛﺴ+﮵ﺪ اﻟﻜĖ4﮳ʷن إﻟﻰ ǀѠﺎع اﻟﻤﻌﺪة؛
اﻟﺮأسﻣﺎ4ٔﻞﻷﻋﲆ،﮳ﺎ6﮲ﱯ اﻷ4﮵ﻤﻦ
اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺤ
 
 
Indications for Barium Meal  
 
The primary role of a barium 
meal is to investigate and 
diagnose a wide range of 
upper gastrointestinal 
conditions. The indications 
for this test remain largely 
consistent but continue to 
evolve with increasing 
availability of alternative 
diagnostic techniques such as 
endoscopy and advanced 
imaging. Key indications for 
a barium meal include: 
 
 
1. Dysphagia: 
Difficulty 
swallowing is a key 
indication. 
A 
barium 
meal can help detect 
structural abnormalities 
such 
as 
esophageal 
strictures, 
webs, 
or 
diverticula 
 
 
 
 
Case1:Malignant ulcer of lesser 
curvature: Single contrast barium meal 
spot image shows irregular gastric ulcers 
(arrow) of lesser curvature of stomach 
which is not extendingbeyond the gastric 
contour 
Case2:(Left) Upright film from an 
upper GI series shows a typicalgastric 
diverticulum   with an air-contrast 
level seen within an outpunching 
near the gastric cardia 
1
 
2
 
﮳ﻤﻮﻋﺔ
﮲ +﮵ﺺﻣﺤ
ﻮمﻫﻮ ǀіﺤﺺ ʳ4﮴ﺸﺤ
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
اﻟﺪʳر اﻷﺳﺎﳼﻟﻮﺣ
﮲ﻞﻣﺆﺷﺮات
4﮴ﻄ.اﻟﻌﻠʷيѢ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
واﺳﻌﺔﻣﻦ أﻣﺮاض اﻟﺤ
اﻟﺘﻄʷرѢ
˦іǁﺮ وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ 4﮴ﺴﺘﻤﺮ
﮲ﺘ+﮳ﺎرﻣﺘﺴƾѠﺔ إﻟﻰﺣﺪﻛ+﮳+﮵
ﻫﺬا اﻻﺣ
ﺮ
﮲ +﮵
ﻠﺔﻣbﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻄ
﮲ +﮵ﺺ اﻟ+﮳ﺪ4﮵
ﻣﻊ ĝ4﮵ﺎدة 4﮴ﻮاǀіﺮ 4﮴ƾѠﻨ+﮵ﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﺤ
4﮴ﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮات اﻟĖ4ٔ+﮵ﺴ+﮵ﺔ.ﺮ اﻟﻤQƾѠﺪم
﮲ﲇ واﻟﺘﺼʷ4﮵
اﻟﺪاﺣ
:ﲇ
ﻮمﻣﺎ 4﮵
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
ﻟﻮﺣ
ﻮم
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
Sﻨﺎول وﺣѢ
˦Ɵدوا
1
.4﮴ﻌﺘ+﮳ﺮﺻﻌʷ4﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﻠﻊﻣﺆﺷﺮًا Ē4ٔ+﮵ﺴ+﮵ًﺎ:ﺻﻌʷ4﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﻠﻊ .
اﻟﻜﺸﻒﻋﻦѢ
˦іǁ﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵ﻮم
ﻤﻜﻦ أن 4﮴ﺴﺎﻋﺪ وﺣ
4﮵
ﺔﻣbﻞ 4﮴ﻀ+﮵ƾѠﺎت اﻟﻤĖيء أو
اﻟﺘﺸﻮﻫﺎت اﻟ+﮳ﻨ+﮵ʷ4﮵
.ﺔ أو اﻟĖ4﮴ﻮج
اﻷﻋ﮲ﺸ+﮵
اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ2﮲ﻬﺮ اﻟƾі+﮵ﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺴQƾѠ+﮵ﻢﻣﻦ
ﻄ
4﮵()ﻋﲆ اﻟ+﮵ﺴﺎر:
ƾіًﺎﻣﻌﺪ4﮵ًﺎ
﮳ ʷ4﮵
اﻟﻌﻠʷي 4﮴ﺤѢ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺤ
﮲ﻞ
﮲ﻬﺮ داﺣ
ﻄ
ﻦ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺬي 4﮵
﮳ +﮵ًﺎ 4﮳ﻤﺴﺘʷى 4﮴+﮳ﺎ4﮵
4﮲ﻤﻮذﺣ
4﮶ƾѠﺐ 4﮳ﺎﻟƾѠﺮبﻣﻦ ǀіﺆاد اﻟﻤﻌﺪة
اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ1
:﮲ +﮳+﮵ﺜﺔ ذات ا4﮲ﺤﻨﺎء أﺻﻌіﺮ
ǀѠﺮﺣﺔﺣ:
ﻦ
ﻮم ذات اﻟﺘ+﮳ﺎ4﮵
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
﮲ﻬﺮﺻʷرة 4﮳ƾѠﻌﺔ وﺣ
4﮴ﻄ
(﮲ﻤﺔ )ﺳﻬﻢ
ﺔﻋ﮲+﮵ﺮﻣﻨﺘﻄ
اﻟƾіﺮدي ǀѠﺮﺣﺎتﻣﻌﺪ4﮵
ذات ا4﮲ﺤﻨﺎء أﺻﻌіﺮﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪةﻻ 4﮴ﻤﺘﺪ إﻟﻰﻣﺎ
4﮳ﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة
 
 
2. Gastroesophageal 
Reflux 
Disease 
(GERD): 
To 
assess 
complications such as esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, or hiatal 
hernia. 
1. Peptic Ulcer Disease: Suspected ulcers in the stomach or 
duodenum are often visualized with this procedure, although 
endoscopy has become the preferred method.(CASE1) 
2. Gastric Outlet Obstruction: 
Caused 
by 
malignancies, 
pyloric 
stenosis, 
or 
other 
conditions that  can block the 
passage of food from the 
stomach to the small intestine. 
 
 
  
3. Hiatal Hernia:  
The procedure can 
confirm the  
presence and 
severity of a hiatal 
hernia, where part of 
the stomach pushes 
up  through the 
diaphragm. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Case3:Barium meal X-ray showing 
GOO and Endoscopy showing GOO 
pyloric stenosis due to chronic DU. 
due to antral carcinoma 
3
 
Representative images of anatomy 
(Row A), barium swallow (Row 
B) features of Type I or sliding 
hiatal hernia, Bi: asterisk – 
sliding hiatal hernia. Bii: True 
paraesophageal 
hernia 
adjacent to GEJ Separation 
between GEJ and dia- phragm 
noted, consistent with a small 
adjacent hiatal hernia. (White 
arrow) Barium tablet present. 
(Black arrows) Widened hiatus 
 
2
)﮳ﺎع اﻟﻤﻌﺪي اﻟﻤĖ4﮵ﱩ
ﻣﺮض اﻻĒ4﮴ﺤ.
GERDﻟQƾѠ+﮵+﮵ﻢ اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋƾіﺎتﻣbﻞ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب:(
.﮳ﺰ
﮳ﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﺣ
أو ǀіﺘﻖ اﻟﺤﺤ،ﺖ
أوﻣĖيء 4﮳ﺎĒ4﮵،اﻟﻤĖيء
1﮲ﻼل
اﻟﻤﻌﺪة أو اﻻ4﮶ﲏﻋﺸﺮﻣﻦﺣѢ
˦іǁﻋ﮲ﺎﻟ+﮳ًﺎﻣﺎ 4﮵ﺘﻢ 4﮴ﺼʷر اﻟƾѠﺮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘ+﮳ﻪ 6﮳ﻬﺎ:ﻣﺮض ǀѠﺮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة.
)اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ.ƾѠﺔ اﻟﻤƾіﻀﻠﺔ
﮲ﲇ أﺻ.﮳ﺢ اﻟﻄĖ4﮵
﮲ +﮵ﺮ اﻟﺪاﺣ
ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻋ﮲ﻢﻣﻦ أن اﻟﺘﻨﻄ،﮳ﺮاء
ﻫﺬا اﻹﺣ1
(
ﺤﺪث 4﮳ﺴ+﮳ﺐ اﻷʳرام
4﮵:﮲ﺮج اﻟﻤﻌﺪة
ا4﮲ﺴﺪادﻣﺤ
ﻤﻜﻦ أن
﮲ Ėى 4﮵
أوﺣﺎﻻت أﺣ،أو 4﮴ﻀ+﮵ﻖ اﻟ+﮳ﻮاب،﮲ +﮳+﮵ﺜﺔ
اﻟﺤ
.4﮴ﻤﻨﻊﻣĖʳر اﻟﻄﻌﺎمﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة إﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﻌﺎء اﻟﺪǀѠ+﮵ƾѠﺔ
اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ3﮳ +﮳ﺔ
ﺔﻋﲆ وﺣ
أﺷﻌﺔﺳ+﮵ﻨ+﮵:
﮳ﻮدﻣﺎدة
﮲ﻬﺮ وﺣ
ﻮم 4﮴ﻄ
اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵GOO
ﻖ
﮲ﻬﺮ 4﮴ﻀ+﮵
﮲ﲇ 4﮵ﻄ
﮲ +﮵ﺮ اﻟﺪاﺣ
واﻟﺘﻨﻄ
﮳ﻮدﻣﺎدة
اﻟ+﮳ﻮاب 4﮳ﺴ+﮳ﺐ وﺣGOO
4﮳ﺴ+﮳ﺐDUاﻟﻤﺰﻣﻦ 4﮳ﺴ+﮳ﺐﺳﺮﻃﺎن
Ѣ
˥іƿ﮳ +﮵ﺐ اﻷ4﮲
اﻟﺤ
3
:﮳ﺰ
﮳ﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﺣ
ǀіﺘﻖ اﻟﺤﺤ.
﮳ﻮد
ﺪ وﺣ
﮳ﺮاء 4﮴ﺄﻛ+﮵
ﻤﻜﻦﻟﻬﺬا اﻹﺣ
4﮵
،﮳ﺰ
﮳ﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﺣ
وﺷﺪة ǀіﺘﻖ اﻟﺤﺤ
﮳ﺰءﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة إﻟﻰ
ﻨﺪǀіﻊﺣ
ﺣ+﮵ﺚ 4﮵
.﮳ﺰ
﮳ﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﺣ
اﻷﻋﲆﻋ+﮳ﺮ اﻟﺤﺤ
ﻣﻦѢ
˦﮳ﺎ5﮳
ﻣﻼﻣﺢ اﻟƾіﺘﻖ اﻟﺤﺤ(ﻮم )اﻟﺼﻒ ب
ا4﮳Qﻼع اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵،(ﺻʷر 4﮴ﻤﺜ+﮵ﻠ+﮵ﺔﻟﻠﺘﺸĖ6﮵ﺢ )اﻟﺼﻒ أ
، Ѣ
˦Ѡǁاﻟﻨʷع اﻷول أو اﻻ4﮲ﺰﻻBi
. Ѣ
˦Ѡǁ﮳ﺰ اﻻ4﮲ﺰﻻ
﮳ﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﺣ
ǀіﺘﻖ اﻟﺤﺤ - ﮳ﻤﺔ
ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﺤ:
Biiǀіﺘﻖ:
ﺔ
ﺔﻟﻮﺣﻆ اﻟƾіﺼﻞ 4﮳+﮵ﻦ اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪ4﮵
ﺔ اﻟﻤﻌʷ4﮵
﮳ﺎʳرﻟﻠﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪ4﮵
ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤĖيءﻣﺤѢ
˥ѠƿﺣƾѠ+﮵
)اﻟﺴﻬﻢ.﮳ﺎʳر
﮳ﺰ اﻟﺼﻌі+﮵ﺮ اﻟﻤﺤ
﮳ﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﺣ
Qƾіﻖﻣﻊ ǀіﺘﻖ اﻟﺤﺤ
4﮳ﻤﺎ 4﮵،﮳ﺰ
﮳ﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﺣ
ﺔ واﻟﺤﺤ
اﻟﻤﻌʷ4﮵
﮳ﺰﻣﺘﻮﺳﻌﺔ
﮳ﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﺣ
ǀіﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﺤﺤ()اﻷﺳﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﻮداء.﮳ﻮد
ﻮمﻣﻮﺣ
ǀѠﺮص اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵(اﻷ4﮳+﮵ﺾ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant weight loss, particularly 
when accompanied by upper GI symptoms, may necessitate a 
barium meal to exclude malignancies or significant gastrointestinal 
disease. 
5. Recurrent Vomiting or Upper Abdominal Pain: In patients 
where other diagnostic approaches (such as endoscopy or CT 
scans) are not available or contraindicated. 
 
6. Screening for Upper 
GI Cancers: While not 
a 
primary 
tool 
for 
cancer 
diagnosis, 
a 
barium meal may still 
be used in cases where 
endoscopy 
is 
unavailable. 
 
Biii: White Arrow: 
Gastroesophageal 
junction; Black arrows: 
Widened diaphragmatic 
hiatus. Pane Biv: 
Herniated, intrathoracic 
stomach with herniation 
of duodenum. This 
stomach is flipped in an 
organoaxial rotation 
B. Single contrast study from the same patient 
showing the apple core appearance of the 
stomach 
due 
to 
the 
invasive 
gastric 
adenocarcinoma 
Biii:ﺔ اﻟﻤĖ4﮵ﺌ+﮵ﺔ؛
اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪ4﮵:اﻟﺴﻬﻢ اﻷ4﮳+﮵ﺾ
﮳ﺰ
﮳ﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﺣ
﮳ﻮة اﻟﺤﺤ
ǀіﺤ:اﻷﺳﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﻮداء
اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ. Pane Biv:﮲ﻞ
ﻣﻌﺪةﻣﻨƾіQƾѠﺔ داﺣ
ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺪة.اﻻ4﮶ﲏﻋﺸﺮѢ
˦іǁاﻟﺼﺪرﻣﻊ ǀіﺘﻖ
دʳرانﻋﻀʷيﻣﺤʷĒيѢ
˦іǁﻣƾѠﻠʷ4﮳ﺔ
4﮲ﺎﺻﺔﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ
وﺣ،ﺘﻄﻠﺐ ǀіƾѠﺪان اﻟʷĝن اﻟﻜ+﮳+﮵ﺮ
ǀѠﺪ 4﮵:ǀіƾѠﺪان اﻟʷĝنﻋ﮲+﮵ﺮ اﻟﻤ+﮳Ėر.
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵ﻮم
Sﻨﺎول وﺣ،اﻟﻌﻠʷيѢ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
ﻜʷنﻣﺼﺤʷ4﮳ًﺎ 4﮳ﺄﻋﺮاض اﻟﺤ
4﮵
.﮲ﻄ+﮵ﺮة
اﻟﺤѢ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
﮲ +﮳+﮵ﺜﺔ أو أﻣﺮاض اﻟﺤ
ﻻﺳﺘ+﮳ﻌﺎد اﻷʳرام اﻟﺤ
5ﻦﻻ Sﺘﻮǀіﺮ
اﻟﻤﺮﴇ اﻟﺬ4﮵Ѣ
˦іǁ :﮳ﺰء اﻟﻌﻠʷيﻣﻦ اﻟ+﮳ﻄﻦ
Ѣ ء اﻟﻤﺘﻜĖر أو ﻻم اﻟﺤ
اﻟƿѠ˥.
Ѣ
˥Ɲ﮲ﲇ أو اﻟﺘﺼʷ4﮵ﺮ اﻟﻤƾѠﻄ
﮲ +﮵ﺮ اﻟﺪاﺣ
﮲ Ėى )ﻣbﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻄ
﮲ +﮵ﺼ+﮵ﺔ أﺣ
ﻟﺪ6﮵ﻬﻢﻃĖق 4﮴ﺸﺤ
.أوﺣ+﮵ﺚ 4﮴ﻜʷنﻣﻮا6﮲ﻊ اﻻﺳQﻌﻤﺎلﻋ﮲+﮵ﺮ واردة(اﻟﻤﺤﻮﺳﺐ
6
Ѣ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
ǀіﺤﺺﺳﺮﻃﺎ4﮲ﺎت اﻟﺤ.
﮳ +﮳ﺔ
ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻋ﮲ﻢﻣﻦ أن وﺣ:اﻟﻌﻠʷي
﮲ +﮵ﺺ
ﺔﻟﺘﺸﺤ
ﻮمﻟ+﮵ﺴﺖ أداة أﺳﺎﺳ+﮵
اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
ﺰالﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ
إﻻ أ4﮲ﻪﻻ 4﮵،اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن
ﺘﻮǀіﺮ
اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﱵﻻ 4﮵Ѣ
˦іǁ﮲ﺪاﻣﻬﺎ
اﺳﺘﺤ
.﮲ﲇ
﮲ +﮵ﺮ اﻟﺪاﺣ
ǀі.﮵ﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻨﻄ
دراﺳﺔ 4﮴+﮳ﺎ4﮵ﻦ واﺣﺪةﻣﻦ 4﮲ƾіﺲ.ب
﮲ﻬﺮ ǀѠﻠﺐ
﮲ﻬﺮﻣﻄ
ﺾ 4﮴ﻄ
اﻟﻤĖ4﮵
اﻟﻤﻌﺪة 4﮳ﺴ+﮳ﺐѢ
˦іǁاﻟQƾіﺎﺣﺔ
ﺔ اﻟﻌіﺎĝي
ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻌіﺪة اﻟﻤﻌﺪ4﮵
 
 
2. Contraindications for Barium Meal  
The utility of a barium meal must be balanced against its risks in certain 
populations. The following are key contraindications: 
1. Suspected or Confirmed Perforation of the GI Tract: If there is 
any suspicion of GI perforation, the use of barium can lead to 
severe complications such as peritonitis. In these cases, a water-
soluble contrast like Gastrografin is used instead. 
2. Severe Constipa

Summary :