На основе текста:
Text 1. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
It is well-known in computer science that the words “computer” and 
“processor” are used interchangeably. Speaking more precisely, “computer” 
refers to the central processing unit (CPU) together with an internal memory.
The internal memory, control and processing components make up the heart 
of the computer system. Manufactures design the CPU to control and carry 
out basic instructions for their particular computer.
The CPU coordinates all the activities of the various components of 
the computer. It determines which operations should be carried out and in 
what order. The CPU controls the operation of the entire system by issuing 
commands to other parts of the system and by acting on responses. When 
required, it reads information from the memory, interprets instructions, performs operations on the data according to the instructions, writes the results 
back into the memory, and moves information between memory levels or 
through the input-output ports.
In digital computers the CPU can be divided into two functional units 
called the control unit (CU) and the arithmetic-logic unit (ALU). These two 
units are made up of electronic circuits with millions of switches that can be 
in one of two states, either on or off.
The function of the CU within the central processor is to transmit coordinating control signals and commands. The control unit is that part of the computer that directs the sequence of step-by-step operations of the system, selects 
instructions and data from memory, interprets the program instructions, and 
controls the flow between main storage and the arithmetic-logic unit.
The ALU, on the other hand, is that part of the computer in which the 
actual arithmetic operations, namely, addition, subtraction, multiplication, 
division, and exponentiation, called for in the instructions are performed.
Programs and the data on which the CU and the ALU operate, must be 
in internal memory in order to be processed. Thus, if located in secondary 
memory devices, such as disks or tapes, programs and data are first loaded 
into internal memory.
Выполни задания:

Просмотрите текст еще раз. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.
1. What words in computer science are used interchangeably and why?
2. What components make up the heart of the computer system? 3. What is 
the function of the CPU? 4. In what way does the CPU control the operation
of the whole system? 5. What is the sequence of operations the CPU performs 
(use five verbs)? 6. What are the CPU functional units made of? 7. What is the 
function of the CU? 8. What operations are performed in the ALU? 9. Where 
are data processed? 10. Where are data to be processed loaded into?

Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний.
Хорошо известно; к компьютеру относятся; внутренняя память; 
составлять суть; выполнять; координировать деятельность; определяя, 
в каком порядке; управлять работой всей системы; при необходимости; в соответствии с командами; уровни памяти; порт ввода-вывода; 
переключатели; режим включения или выключения; передавать сигналы; указывать последовательность пошаговых операций; основная 
память; управлять ходом выполнения программы; с другой стороны; 
выполнять вычитание, сложение, возведение в степень, деление, умножение; для того чтобы.

Переведите предложения, содержащие независимый причастный 
оборот.
1. Data being accessed randomly, semiconductor memories are called 
random access memory (RAM). 2. The information capacity of a single bit being limited to two alternatives, codes are based on combination of bits. 3. Primагу storage having similarity to a function of the human brain, the storage 
is also called memory. 4. An electron leaving the surface, the metal becomes 
positively charged. 5. Computer system architecture being organized around
the primary storage unit, all instructions must pass through it. 6. Computer 
system architecture is organized around the primary storage unit, all instructions passing through it. 7. Electromechanical memories depend upon moving 
mechanical parts, their data access time being longer than is that of electronic
memories. 8. For this reason most computer systems use electronic memory 
for primary storage, electromechanical memory being used for secondary storage. 9. Large capacity tape devices are used with large data processing systems, cassettes and cartridges being applied with small systems. 10. The CPU 
controls the operation of the entire system, commands being issued to other
parts of the system.