Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            d sense of smell: Reduced with age due to few nerve cells in the 
nasal lining. 
 Changes in touch sensation. Their ability to sense pressure and pain is 
reduced and they have greater difficulty differentiating temperature. 
 Decreased pain awareness. 
Nursing intervention:  
Adapting to vision: 
 Make sure older adult has a baseline eye assessment early in older adulthood 
and follow up eye exams yearly. 
 Ensure adequate lighting. 
 Install handrails & Keep objects in same position. 
 Keep walkways clear. 
 Identify stairs with tape. 
 Allow time for eyes to adjust; dark to light. 
 Install nightlights. 
 Wear and clean lenses and eye glass. 
Adapting to hearing: 
 Sit at face level. 
 Don’t cover your mouth. 
 Reduce background noise. 
 Speak slowly; use simple words with short sentences. 
 Encourage hearing checks. 
 Encourage hearing aid /check batteries. 
Adapting to touch: 
 Test water temperature. 
 Label hot and cold taps. 
 Encourage closed-toed shoes. 
 
Content 
 
~ 23 ~ 
 Check for injuries. 
Adapting to smell / taste: 
 Use spices to flavor food. 
 Maintain good oral hygiene & denture care. 
 Advise to stop smoke. 
XII. Psychological changes in elderly: 
Most elderly people seem to be most vulnerable to psychological 
dysfunction 
when they experience change. 
 Affective function refers to the mood, emotions (such as happiness, sadness, 
fear, pain, anger, and confusion). 
 Cognitive function refers to memory, learning, and intelligence. Cognitive 
and affective functioning affects the person’s self-esteem. 
A. Affective functioning: 
 It is influenced by the way an individual views the world and self.  
A positive 
view of self and surrounding environment promotes positive expression of 
mood and emotions. 
1) Self-esteem: It is positive view of self-promotes health and enables the 
person to cope better with the changes and challenges of growing older. 
2) Personality: The basic personality does not change as a result of aging 
process. The personality will be consistent with that of earlier years. 
3) Depression: Depression occurs 16-65% of elders living in the 
community. 
Depression including: sleep disturbance, lake of interest, feelings of guilt, lack 
of energy, decreased concentration and, loss of appetite. Losses can lead to 
depression. 
B. Cognitive functioning: 
Intelligence, learning, attention and memory are all related to cognitive 
functioning. 
1- Intelligence: Intelligence is a mental alertness and includes the ability to learn 
new material, make wise decisions, and deal with stressful situation. 
Intelligence does not become less with age. IQ test performance of older 
adults may be hindered because of sensory deficits or the stress of being 
tested. These factors must be considered when assessing. 
2- Memory: Recent memory is defined as a recall of items learned more than a 
few minutes earlier, e.g. the day's new events, what was eaten for breakfast, 
the date. Remote memory is defin

            Quiz: