Ответь на вопросы на англиском уровне А2
1. Where did oil spills damage ecological system of our planet?
2. How can the quantity of spilled oil range?
3. Why are sea oil spills more dangerous and damaging?
4. What safety measures can prevent more serious aftermaths of oil spill 
on land?
5. Why is control of oil spill difficult?
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК В НЕФТЕГАЗОВОЙ ОТРАСЛИ
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6. What nitrogen heterocyclic compounds are reported as associated with 
crude oil?
7. Why these compounds tend to dissolve and move with water?
8. How can spilled oil be neutralized naturally?
9. Why underground tanks are also potentially dangerous?
10. In what circumstances can a bioremediation be used?

Student Professor, I would like to ask you a question – what is an oil spill?
Professor It is a form of environmental pollution, a human activity caused 
release (выбрасывать) of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, marine or land areas.
Student I have a very good reason to believe that the problem is serious.
Professor Yes, crude oil and refined fuel spills from tanker ship accidents 
have damaged natural ecosystems in Alaska, the Gulf of Mexico, the Galapagos Islands, France and many other places.
Student Do I understand you correctly that the ecological situation is 
very serious?
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК В НЕФТЕГАЗОВОЙ ОТРАСЛИ
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Professor The quantity of oil spilled during accidents has ranged from 
a few hundred tons to several hundred thousand tons, for example Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Atlantic Empress, Amoco Cadiz). Smaller spills have already proven to have a great impact 
on ecosystems, such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
Student Professor, I would like to know what kind of spill is more dangerous?
Professor Oil spills at sea are generally much more damaging than those on 
land, since they can spread for hundreds of nautical miles (морская миля) in a thin oil slick (нефтяное пятно) which can cover beaches with a thin coating of oil. This can kill sea birds, 
mammals (млекопитающие), shellfish (моллюски) and other 
organisms it coats (покрывать, обволакивать). Oil spills on 
land are more readily containable if a makeshift earth dam (самодельная нефтяная дамба) can be rapidly bulldozed around 
the spill site before most of the oil escapes (улетучиваться), and 
land animals can avoid the oil more easily.
Student I believe that there are measures that should be taken in order to 
prevent oil spills.
Professor Control of oil spills is difficult, requires ad hoc methods (оперативные методы, методы для данного случая), and often a 
large amount of manpower (рабочая сила). The dropping of 
bombs and incendiary (зажигательный) devices from aircraft 
on the Torrey Canyon wreck produced poor results; modern 
techniques would include pumping the oil from the wreck (развалины), like in the Prestige oil spill or the Erika oil spill.
Student I would like to ask you: are there any «natural» ways to reduce 
oil spills aftermaths (последствия)?
Professor Yes. Crude oil is predominantly (преимущественно) composed of various hydrocarbons. But certain nitrogen heterocylic (гетероциклический) compounds, such as pyridine
(пиридин), picoline (пиколин), and quinoline (хинолин) are 
reported as contaminants associated with crude oil, as well as 
facilities processing oil shale (нефтеносный сланец) or 
coal, and have also been found at legacy wood treatment
sites (место переработки древесины). These compounds 
have a very high water solubility, and thus tend to dissolve 
and move with water. Certain naturally occurring bacteria, 
such as Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, and Rhodococcus have 
been shown to degrade (выяснилось, что они разлагают) 
these contaminants.
Student That means nature can take care of itself. And would you tell us 
how should specialists act in case of underground tank degradation at gas stations?
UNIT 5. ECOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL PROBLEMS AND DАNGERS…
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Professor It may also occur unfortunately. This significantly affects soil 
and groundwater (грунтовые воды). In these instances of the 
biological degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, solutions 
such as bioremediation (биовосстановление) may be used.