You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


#!/usr/bin/env python3
# encoding: utf-8
"""
bgp

Created by Thomas Mangin
Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Exa Networks. All rights reserved.
License: 3-clause BSD. (See the COPYRIGHT file)
"""

import os
import pwd
import sys
import time
import errno
import socket
import threading
import signal
import asyncore
import subprocess
from struct import unpack

SIGNAL = dict([(name, getattr(signal, name)) for name in dir(signal) if name.startswith('SIG')])


def flushed(*output):
    print(' '.join(str(_) for _ in output))
    sys.stdout.flush()


def bytestream(value):
    return ''.join(['%02X' % _ for _ in value])


def dump(value):
    def spaced(value):
        even = None
        for v in value:
            if even is False:
                yield ' '
            yield '%02X' % v
            even = not even

    return ''.join(spaced(value))


def cdr_to_length(cidr):
    if cidr > 24:
        return 4
    if cidr > 16:
        return 3
    if cidr > 8:
        return 2
    if cidr > 0:
        return 1
    return 0


class BGPHandler(asyncore.dispatcher_with_send):
    counter = 0

    keepalive = bytearray([0xFF,] * 16 + [0x0, 0x13, 0x4])

    _name = {
        b'\x01': 'OPEN',
        b'\x02': 'UPDATE',
        b'\x03': 'NOTIFICATION',
        b'\x04': 'KEEPALIVE',
    }

    def signal(self, myself, signal_name='SIGUSR1'):
        signal_number = SIGNAL.get(signal_name, '')
        if not signal_number:
            self.announce('invalid signal name in configuration : %s' % signal_name)
            self.announce('options are: %s' % ','.join(SIGNAL.keys()))
            sys.exit(1)

        conf_name = sys.argv[1].split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]

        processes = []

        for line in os.popen("/bin/ps x"):
            low = line.strip().lower()
            if not low:
                continue
            if 'python' not in low and 'pypy' not in low:
                continue

            cmdline = line.strip().split()[4:]
            pid = line.strip().split()[0]

            if len(cmdline) > 1 and not cmdline[1].endswith('/main.py'):
                continue

            if conf_name not in cmdline[-1]:
                continue

            if not cmdline[-1].endswith('.conf'):
                continue

            processes.append(pid)

        if len(processes) == 0:
            self.announce('no running process found, this should not happend, quitting')
            sys.exit(1)

        if len(processes) > 1:
            self.announce('more than one process running, this should not happend, quitting')
            sys.exit(1)

        try:
            self.announce('sending signal %s to ExaBGP (pid %s)\n' % (signal_name, processes[0]))
            os.kill(int(processes[0]), signal_number)
        except Exception as exc:
            self.announce('\n     failed: %s' % str(exc))

    def kind(self, header):
        return header[18]

    def isupdate(self, header):
        return header[18] == 2

    def isnotification(self, header):
        return header[18] == 4

    def name(self, header):
        return self._name.get(header[18], 'SOME WEIRD RFC PACKET')

    def routes(self, header, body):
        len_w = unpack('!H', body[0:2])[0]
        withdrawn = bytearray([_ for _ in body[2 : 2 + len_w]])
        len_a = unpack('!H', body[2 + len_w : 2 + len_w + 2])[0]
        announced = bytearray([_ for _ in body[2 + len_w + 2 + len_a :]])

        if not withdrawn and not announced:
            if len(body) == 4:
                yield 'eor:1:1'
            elif len(body) == 11:
                yield 'eor:%d:%d' % (body[-2], body[-1])
            else:  # undecoded MP route
                yield 'mp:'
            return

        while withdrawn:
            cdr, withdrawn = withdrawn[0], withdrawn[1:]
            size = cdr_to_length(cdr)
            r = [0, 0, 0, 0]
            for index in range(size):
                r[index], withdrawn = withdrawn[0], withdrawn[1:]
            yield 'withdraw:%s' % '.'.join(str(_) for _ in r) + '/' + str(cdr)

        while announced:
            cdr, announced = announced[0], announced[1:]
            size = cdr_to_length(cdr)
            r = [0, 0, 0, 0]
            for index in range(size):
                r[index], announced = announced[0], announced[1:]
            yield 'announce:%s' % '.'.join(str(_) for _ in r) + '/' + str(cdr)

    def notification(self, header, body):
        yield 'notification:%d,%d' % (body[0], body[1]), bytestream(body)

    def announce(self, *args):
        flushed('    ', self.ip, self.port, ' '.join(str(_) for _ in args) if len(args) > 1 else args[0])

    def check_signal(self):
        if self.messages and self.messages[0].startswith('signal:'):
            name = self.messages.pop(0).split(':')[-1]
            self.signal(os.getppid(), name)

    def setup(self, ip, port, messages, options):
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port
        self.options = options
        self.handle_read = self.handle_open
        self.sequence = {}
        self.raw = False
        for rule in messages:
            sequence, announcement = rule.split(':', 1)
            if announcement.startswith('raw:'):
                self.raw = True
                announcement = ''.join(announcement[4:].replace(':', ''))
            self.sequence.setdefault(sequence, []).append(announcement)
        self.update_sequence()
        return self

    def update_sequence(self):
        if self.options['sink'] or self.options['echo']:
            self.messages = []
            return True
        keys = sorted(list(self.sequence))
        if keys:
            key = keys[0]
            self.messages = self.sequence[key]
            self.step = key
            del self.sequence[key]

            self.check_signal()
            # we had a list with only one signal
            if not self.messages:
                return self.update_sequence()
            return True
        return False

    def read_message(self):
        header = b''
        while len(header) != 19:
            try:
                left = 19 - len(header)
                header += self.recv(left)
                if left == 19 - len(header):  # ugly
                    # the TCP session is gone.
                    return None, None
            except socket.error as exc:
                if exc.args[0] in (errno.EWOULDBLOCK, errno.EAGAIN):
                    continue
                raise exc

        length = unpack('!H', header[16:18])[0] - 19

        body = b''
        while len(body) != length:
            try:
                left = length - len(body)
                body += self.recv(left)
            except socket.error as exc:
                if exc.args[0] in (errno.EWOULDBLOCK, errno.EAGAIN):
                    continue
                raise exc

        return bytearray(header), bytearray(body)

    def handle_open(self):
        # reply with a IBGP response with the same capability (just changing routerID)
        header, body = self.read_message()
        routerid = bytearray([body[8] + 1 & 0xFF])
        o = header + body[:8] + routerid + body[9:]

        if self.options['send-unknown-capability']:
            # hack capability 66 into the message

            content = b'loremipsum'
            cap66 = bytearray([66, len(content)]) + content
            param = bytearray([2, len(cap66)]) + cap66
            o = o[:17] + bytearray([o[17] + len(param)]) + o[18:28] + bytearray([o[28] + len(param)]) + o[29:] + param

        self.send(o)
        self.send(self.keepalive)

        if self.options['send-default-route']:
            self.send(
                bytearray(
                    [0xFF,] * 16
                    + [0x00, 0x31]
                    + [0x02,]
                    + [0x00, 0x00]
                    + [0x00, 0x15]
                    + []
                    + [0x40, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00]
                    + []
                    + [0x40, 0x02, 0x00]
                    + []
                    + [0x40, 0x03, 0x04, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01]
                    + []
                    + [0x40, 0x05, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64]
                    + [0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
                )
            )
            self.announce('sending default-route\n')

        self.handle_read = self.handle_keepalive

    def handle_keepalive(self):
        header, body = self.read_message()

        if header is None:
            self.announce('connection closed')
            self.close()
            if self.options['send-notification']:
                self.announce('successful')
                sys.exit(0)
            return

        if self.raw:

            def parser(self, header, body):
                if body:
                    yield bytestream(header + body)

        else:
            parser = self._decoder.get(self.kind(header), None)

        if self.options['sink']:
            self.announce(
                'received %d: %s'
                % (
                    self.counter,
                    '%s:%s:%s:%s'
                    % (bytestream(header[:16]), bytestream(header[16:18]), bytestream(header[18:]), bytestream(body)),
                )
            )
            self.send(self.keepalive)
            return

        if self.options['echo']:
            self.announce(
                'received %d: %s'
                % (
                    self.counter,
                    '%s:%s:%s:%s'
                    % (bytestream(header[:16]), bytestream(header[16:18]), bytestream(header[18:]), bytestream(body)),
                )
            )
            self.send(header + body)
            self.announce(
                'sent     %d: %s'
                % (
                    self.counter,
                    '%s:%s:%s:%s'
                    % (bytestream(header[:16]), bytestream(header[16:18]), bytestream(header[18:]), bytestream(body)),
                )
            )
            return

        if parser:
            for announcement in parser(self, header, body):
                self.send(self.keepalive)
                if announcement.startswith('eor:'):  # skip EOR
                    self.announce('skipping eor', announcement)
                    continue

                if announcement.startswith('mp:'):  # skip unparsed MP
                    self.announce('skipping multiprotocol :', dump(body))
                    continue

                self.counter += 1

                if announcement in self.messages:
                    self.messages.remove(announcement)
                    if self.raw:
                        self.announce(
                            'received %d (%1s%s):' % (self.counter, self.options['letter'], self.step),
                            '%s:%s:%s:%s'
                            % (announcement[:32], announcement[32:36], announcement[36:38], announcement[38:]),
                        )
                    else:
                        self.announce(
                            'received %d (%1s%s):' % (self.counter, self.options['letter'], self.step), announcement
                        )
                    self.check_signal()
                else:
                    if self.raw:
                        self.announce(
                            'received %d (%1s%s):' % (self.counter, self.options['letter'], self.step),
                            '%s:%s:%s:%s'
                            % (
                                bytestream(header[:16]),
                                bytestream(header[16:18]),
                                bytestream(header[18:]),
                                bytestream(body),
                            ),
                        )
                    else:
                        self.announce('received %d     :' % self.counter, announcement)

                    if len(self.messages) > 1:
                        self.announce('expected one of the following :')
                        for message in self.messages:
                            if message.startswith('F' * 32):
                                self.announce(
                                    '                 %s:%s:%s:%s'
                                    % (message[:32], message[32:36], message[36:38], message[38:])
                                )
                            else:
                                self.announce('                 %s' % message)
                    elif self.messages:
                        message = self.messages[0].upper()
                        if message.startswith('F' * 32):
                            self.announce('expected       : %s:%s:%s' % (message[:32], message[32:38], message[38:]))
                        else:
                            self.announce('expected       : %s' % message)
                    else:
                        # can happen when the thread is still running
                        self.announce('extra data')
                        sys.exit(1)

                    sys.exit(1)

                if not self.messages:
                    if self.options['single-shot']:
                        self.announce('successful (partial test)')
                        sys.exit(0)

                    if not self.update_sequence():
                        if self.options['exit']:
                            self.announce('successful')
                            sys.exit(0)
        else:
            self.send(self.keepalive)

        if self.options['send-notification']:
            notification = b'closing session because we can'
            self.send(
                bytearray([0xFF,] * 16 + [0x00, 19 + 2 + len(notification)] + [0x03] + [0x06] + [0x00]) + notification
            )

    _decoder = {
        2: routes,
        3: notification,
    }


class BGPServer(asyncore.dispatcher):
    def announce(self, *args):
        flushed('    ' + ' '.join(str(_) for _ in args) if len(args) > 1 else args[0])

    def __init__(self, host, options):
        asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self)

        if ':' in host:
            self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        else:
            self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.set_reuse_addr()
        self.bind((host, options['port']))
        self.listen(5)

        self.messages = {}

        self.options = {
            'send-unknown-capability': False,  # add an unknown capability to the open message
            'send-default-route': False,  # send a default route to the peer
            'send-notification': False,  # send notification messages to the backend
            'signal-SIGUSR1': 0,  # send SIGUSR1 after X seconds
            'single-shot': False,  # we can not test signal on python 2.6
            'sink': False,  # just accept whatever is sent
            'echo': False,  # just accept whatever is sent
        }
        self.options.update(options)

        for message in options['messages']:
            if message.strip() == 'option:open:send-unknown-capability':
                self.options['send-unknown-capability'] = True
                continue
            if message.strip() == 'option:update:send-default-route':
                self.options['send-default-route'] = True
                continue
            if message.strip() == 'option:notification:send-notification':
                self.options['send-notification'] = True
                continue
            if message.strip().startswith('option:SIGUSR1:'):
                delay = int(message.split(':')[-1])
                myself = os.getpid()

                def notify(delay, myself):
                    time.sleep(delay)
                    self.signal(myself)
                    time.sleep(10)

                # Python 2.6 can not perform this test as it misses the function
                if 'check_output' in dir(subprocess):
                    # thread.start_new_thread(notify,(int(message.split(':')[-1]),os.getpid()))
                    threading.Thread(target=notify, args=(delay, myself))
                else:
                    self.options['single-shot'] = True
                continue

            if message[0].isalpha():
                index, content = message[:1].upper(), message[1:]
            else:
                index, content = 'A', message
            self.messages.setdefault(index, []).append(content)

    def handle_accept(self):
        messages = None
        for number in range(ord('A'), ord('Z') + 1):
            letter = chr(number)
            if letter in self.messages:
                messages = self.messages[letter]
                del self.messages[letter]
                break

        if self.options['sink']:
            flushed('\nsink mode - send us whatever, we can take it ! :p\n')
            messages = []
        elif self.options['echo']:
            flushed('\necho mode - send us whatever, we can parrot it ! :p\n')
            messages = []
        elif not messages:
            self.announce('we used all the test data available, can not handle this new connection')
            sys.exit(1)
        else:
            flushed('using :\n   ', '\n    '.join(messages), '\n\nconversation:\n')

        self.options['exit'] = not len(self.messages.keys())
        self.options['letter'] = letter

        pair = self.accept()
        if pair is not None:
            sock, addr = pair
            handler = BGPHandler(sock).setup(*addr[:2], messages=messages, options=self.options)


def drop():
    uid = os.getuid()
    gid = os.getgid()

    if uid and gid:
        return

    for name in [
        'nobody',
    ]:
        try:
            user = pwd.getpwnam(name)
            nuid = int(user.pw_uid)
            ngid = int(user.pw_uid)
        except KeyError:
            pass

    if not gid:
        os.setgid(ngid)
    if not uid:
        os.setuid(nuid)


import argparse


def main():
    port = os.environ.get('exabgp.tcp.port', os.environ.get('exabgp_tcp_port', '179'))

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
    parser.add_argument('--help', help='this help :-)')
    parser.add_argument('--echo', help='accept any BGP messages send it back to the emiter', action='store_true')
    parser.add_argument('--sink', help='accept any BGP messages and reply with a keepalive', action='store_true')
    parser.add_argument('--port', help='port to bind to', type=int, default=port)
    parser.add_argument('checks', help='a list of expected route announcement/withdrawl', nargs='?', type=open)

    cmdarg = parser.parse_args()

    if cmdarg.port <= 0 and port > 65535 or cmdarg.help:
        parser.print_help()
        flushed('a list of expected route announcement/withdrawl in the format:')
        flushed(
            '<number>:announce:<ipv4-route> <number>:withdraw:<ipv4-route> <number>:raw:<exabgp hex dump : separated>'
        )
        flushed('for example:', sys.argv[0], '1:announce:10.0.0.0/8 1:announce:192.0.2.0/24 2:withdraw:10.0.0.0/8')
        flushed('routes with the same <number> can arrive in any order')
        sys.exit(1)

    # fmt: off
    options = {
        'sink': cmdarg.sink,
        'echo': cmdarg.echo,
        'port': cmdarg.port,
        'messages': []
    }
    # fmt: on

    if cmdarg.checks:
        options['messages'] = [_.strip() for _ in cmdarg.checks.readlines() if _.strip() and '#' not in _]

    try:
        BGPServer('127.0.0.1', options)
        try:
            BGPServer('::1', options)
        except:
            # does not work on travis-ci
            pass
        drop()
        asyncore.loop()
    except socket.error as exc:
        if exc.errno == errno.EACCES:
            flushed('failure: could not bind to port %s - most likely not run as root' % port)
        elif exc.errno == errno.EADDRINUSE:
            flushed('failure: could not bind to port %s - port already in use' % port)
        else:
            flushed('failure', str(exc))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()