润色如下段落Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) based mixed-potential gas sensor is a typical electrochemical gas sensor, exhibiting significant promise in applications related to automobile exhaust emission and environmental monitoring [9-12]. Illustrated in Figure 1(a), the device structure of this type sensor comprises a solid electrolyte, a sensitive electrode, and a reference electrode[13-16]. The sensitivity mechanism of this gas sensor operates as follows: as gas passes through the sensitive electrode material and reaches the three-phase boundary (denoted as the region where the sensitive electrode, electrolyte, and gas interact, TPB), a series of electrochemical reactions will occur. Once these electrochemical reactions reach dynamic equilibrium, the mixed potentials are generated at the sensitive and reference electrodes, respectively. Thus, the gas type or concentration can be determined by the potential difference between sensitive electrode and the reference electrode [17-20]. After analyzing the multi-physics filed coupling sensitivity mechanisms, it reveals that exploring novel sensitive electrode materials, constructing efficient three-phase boundary, and changing the polarization state of the sensor are effective solutions to improve the gas-sensitive performance of the sensor. Liu et al. conducted research on the detection of carbon monoxide (CO) and used Bi2Mn4O10- as sensitive electrode materials. Their innovative approach involved introducing moderate oxygen vacancies within the transition metal oxide sensing material to improve CO sensing capabilities [21]. Taro Ueda et al. developed a sensor for toluene detection using thin CeO2-added Au sensing electrode. Their results demonstrated a large response of 212 mV to 50 ppm toluene [22]. Lv et al. employed the electrospinning technique to construct efficient three-dimensional TPB. Their sensor exhibited a substantial response of 109 mV to 100 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) [23]. Zhang et al. improve the stability of mixed potential gas sensor by cathodic polarization for CO detection. Furthermore, the emerging technologies have also been applied to the study of YSZ-based mixed potential gas sensors [24]. Aman Bhardwaj et al. utilized the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis of impedance spectra to explain the mechanism of mixed potential gas sensor. And the result indicated that the overall polarization resistance was invariable of the mass-transport processes and solely governed by the extent of interfacial redox reactions proceeding at the TPB [25]. Thomas Ritter et al. established a one-dimensional finite element model of the mixed-potential gas sensor for simulating the multi-physics filed coupling processes. The polarization curves generated by the model closely matched actual measurements, contributing to a deeper understanding of mixed-potential theories [26,27]. Neal Ma et al. employed artificial neural network to accurately identify natural gas with accuracy exceeding 98% based on mixed-potential gas sensor array. In summary, effective enhancements in the performance of the mixed-potential gas sensor can be achieved through optimizing sensor device structures, manipulating sensor polarization states, and employing advanced pattern recognition algorithms. These developments hold great promise for enhancing the performance and capabilities of gas sensors in various technological applications.