Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            nature of the  
present CHO residue(s):
1)
Cerebrosides: simple glycolipids, contain one galactose molecule 
(galactosides) or glucose (glucocerebroside).
2)
Sulfatides: are cerebrosides with sulfate on the sugar  
(sulfated cerebrosides).
3)
Gangliosides: Complex glycolipids, contain several sugar  & 
sugaramine residues.
2-Glycolipids/ Glycosphingolipids
2-Complex lipids
17 
O H
S p h in g o s in e
C
R 1
C H 3
( C H 2 ) 1 2
C H
C H
C H
C H
N H
C H 2
O
F a t t y a c i d
O
C e r a m id e
O
H
H
H
H
O H
P s y c h o s i n
C e r e b r o s i d e
O H
C H 2 O H
O H H
G a l a c t o s e
Any FA
•
Definition: simple glycolipids, contain one sugar molecule.
•
Occurrence:
in cellular membranes & myelin sheath of nerves &
white matter of the brain tissues “Important for nerve conductance”.
•
Structure:
composed of
a) Ceramide (sphingosine & FA)
b) Sugar, usually -galactose or glucose & may be lactose.
•
If gal → galactocerebroside (predominate in nervous tissues)
•
If glc → glucocerebroside (predominate in extranerval tissues)
Different from sphyngomylins in:
•
Lack P-group →non ionic  
(nonpolar), but some ionic  
cerebrosides has sulfate group
(SO4‾ ‾) at C3 of sugar
1- Cerebrosides:
2-Complex lipids
18 
•
The sulfate group is usually attached to the OH-group of C3  
or C6 of gal.
•
Usually present in the brain, liver, muscles & testes.
2- Sulfatides:
C H 2
C H
C H
C H
N H
C H 2
C H 3
( C H 2 )1 2
O H
O
C
R 1
O
O
O H
H
H
C H 2 O H
H
O S O 3 H
H
FA usually, lignoceric,  
ceredronic or nervonic  
acid (C22-26)
H
O H
S u l f a t i d e s  ( s u l f a t e d c e r e b r o s i d e )
(Galactocerebroside-3-sulphate)
2-Complex lipids
19 
• The more complex glycolipids.
• Sources: the gray matter of the brain, ganglion cells, & RBCs.
• Functions: transfer biogenic amines across the membrane &  
act as a cell membrane receptor.
• Structures: ceramide (sphingosine + FA (C18-24) usually,  
stearic acid, contain sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid)  
“NANA”, > one CHO molecules.
•
The most simple type of it the monosialoganglioside (GM1), has 3
sugar molecules (1 glu+2 gal) & hexosamine (N-actyl-galacose amine).
•
It works as a receptor for cholera toxin in the human intestine.
3- Gangliosides:
Ceramide-Glucose-Galactose-N-acetylgalactosamine-
Galactose Sialic acid  
Monosialoganglioside
2-Complex lipids
20 
1) GM3: Found in human tissues, in brain as hormone,…
• Composition:
1) Sphingosine + FA (C18-24) usually, stearic acid
2) Glucose
3) Galactose-sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) “NANA”
(Cer-Glu-Gal-NANA)
2)GM2: contains, (GM3 + N-acetyl-galactose amine)  (Cer-
Glu-Gal-(NANA)-Gal-(NAc))
1)GM1: contains, (GM2 + Gal)
(Cer-Glu-Gal-(NANA)-Gal-(NAc)-Gal)
•
A receptor for cholera toxin in the human intestineXX
3- Gangliosides
Types
2-Complex lipids
21 
Definition:
• Are a vehicles for lipid transport in plasma among tissues.
• Composition:
a) Same of lipid constituents: TG, CHL, CHL ester & PL
(micelle-
like particle)
b) Proteins (apo-lipoproteins)
3-Lipoproteins
2-Co

            Quiz: