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M. Faisal et al.: Enabling Two-Way Communication of Deaf Using Saudi Sign Language FIGURE 7. Communication between modules. FIGURE 8. Start speech recognition button. FIGURE 9. Avatar sample signs

M. Faisal et al.: Enabling Two-Way Communication of Deaf Using Saudi Sign Language also on the project team and agreed to use their speaking style in the system. The trained model produced good quality speech for any text including the words of the 293 signs. C. AVATAR MODULE (AM) We developed the AM to transform the text from a normal individual into sign language, which is then executed through an Avatar. This enables individuals with hearing impairments to comprehend the spoken communication of those who can hear. To develop a Saudi sign language avatar application, it is required to make or draw a personage with local clothes, from both genders, at a medium age, as shown inFig. 5

. In general, deaf individuals use sign language or text to interact or communicate with others. While these methods are effective within the deaf community, they face significant limitations when trying to communicate with the hearing community. This can lead to isolation, frustration, and dis- crimination. The proposed system aims to address these gaps by providing a two-way communication solution between deaf individuals and the rest of society. The use of avatars to perform Saudi sign language (SSL) can have a significant impact on involving deaf individuals in education, healthcare, and society

. This system involves a speech recognition module that processes the speech of a non-deaf individual, which is then fed into text and avatar sign generation modules to generate and perform the corresponding sign of the original speech. The main contribution of this study is to develop and build the deaf companion System (SDCS) to enable two-way communication between non-deaf and normal people in Saudi sign language. To do that; first, we built and devel- oped a Saudi sign language database (KSU-SSL) that con- tains videos of 293 Saudi signs that are recommended by SAHI from 10 domains (healthcare, common, alphabets, verbs, pronouns, and adverbs, numbers, days, kings, fam- ily, and regions)

M. Faisal et al.: Enabling Two-Way Communication of Deaf Using Saudi Sign Language [46] S. M. Halawani and A. Zaitun, ‘‘An avatar based translation system from Arabic speech to Arabic sign language for deaf people,’’ Int. J. Inf. Sci. Educ., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 13–20, 2012. [47] M. M. El-Gayyar, A. S. Ibrahim, and M. E. Wahed, ‘‘Translation from Arabic speech to Arabic sign language based on cloud computing,’’ Egyp- tian Informat. J., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 295–303, Nov. 2016. [48] M. Brour and A. Benabbou, ‘‘ATLASLang MTS 1: Arabic text language into Arabic sign language machine translation system,’’ Proc. Comput. Sci., vol. 148, pp. 236–245, Jan. 2019. [49] Y . Regragui, L. Abouenour, F

. The proposed system aims to address these gaps by providing a two-way communication solution between deaf individuals and the rest of society. The use of avatars to perform Saudi sign language (SSL) can have a significant impact on involving deaf individuals in education, healthcare, and society. The proposed SDCS can empower deaf students with real-time sign language interpretation, facilitating their active participation and comprehension of academic materi- als. In healthcare, the system bridges communication gaps between deaf patients and healthcare providers, enhancing the quality of medical consultations and ensuring accurate information exchange

. This enables individuals with hearing impairments to comprehend the spoken communication of those who can hear. To develop a Saudi sign language avatar application, it is required to make or draw a personage with local clothes, from both genders, at a medium age, as shown inFig. 5. The design of the sign language Avatar passed through many steps: Firstly, we took a men and women character from IClone software [56] character creator and changed their physiques to match the Saudi men and women. The physiques include facial characteristics, such as skin, nose, eyes colors, general face shape, body size etc

M. Faisal et al.: Enabling Two-Way Communication of Deaf Using Saudi Sign Language [4] G. P. Berent and R. R. Kelly, ‘‘The efficacy of visual input enhancement in teaching deaf learners of L2 English,’’ in Understanding Second Language Process, vol. 25. U.K.: Multilingual Matters, 2007, p. 80. [5] World Health Organization. (Jan. 15, 2017). Deafness and Hearing Loss. [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/ [6] A. Al-Nafjan, B. Al-Arifi, and A. Al-Wabil, ‘‘Design and development of an educational Arabic sign language mobile application: Collective impact with Tawasol,’’ in Proc. Int. Conf. Universal Access Human-Comput. Interact., 2015, pp. 319–326

Question: what software did they use for the avatar sign language " Enabling Two-Way Communication of
 Deaf Using Saudi Sign Language"

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