Name: Muhammad Ahmed
Student ID: ST20201383
Module Title: Dissertation Project
Module Code: CIS6035
Module Leader Email: <PRESIDIO_ANONYMIZED_EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Title: The Interplay of Video Games and Human Psychology: An Insight into Motivations, Effects, and Therapeutic Potentials









 
Table of Contents
Certificate of Originality	3
Abstract	4
Objectives	5
Preface	6
1. Introduction	7
1.1 Background	8
1.2 Purpose of The Project	9
1.3 Project Structure and Objectives in Context	9
2. Methodology	10
2.1 Research Preparation	10
2.2 Sources of Information	11
2.3 Ethical Considerations	11

 
Certificate of Originality
Cardiff School of Technology

Statement of Originality of Submitted Work

The Interplay of Video Games and Human Psychology: An Insight into Motivations, Effects, and Therapeutic Potentials

Submitted by Muhammad Ahmed, to Cardiff Metropolitan University as a dissertation for the degree of BSc (Hons) in Computer Science, May, 2024.

This dissertation is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the dissertation may be published without proper acknowledgement.
I certify that all material in this dissertation which is not my own work has been identified and that any material that has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University has been acknowledged.

Signature: Muhammad Ahmed

Date: 03/05/2024
 
Abstract
The complex relationship between video games and human psychology is a well-studied area that has gained significant interest in both academic and practical contexts. This dissertation explores the intricate connections between player’s reasons for participating in video games, the psychological impacts of these engagements, and the resulting therapeutic possibilities that arise. The importance of this research lies not only in its contribution to understanding the nuanced impacts of video games on psychological conditions, but also in its capacity to enlighten the creation of games that can beneficially impact mental health and overall well-being.
The widespread presence of video games in modern society raises significant inquiries regarding their influence on the human mind. Although personal experiences and initial studies indicate a variety of psychological impacts, both positive and negative, there is a significant lack of knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms involved. We have not thoroughly investigated the intricate relationship between individuals' gaming goals, the resulting psychological effects, and the potential therapeutic applications of these interactions. This divide represents not only a fascinating academic challenge but also a vital practical one, considering the potential of video games as tools for psychological treatment.
This research aims to examine the complex interplay between gaming objectives, psychological impacts, and the possibility of therapeutic intervention. The objective is to explore how various incentives for playing games impact psychological states and determine the circumstances in which video games can have therapeutic advantages. We situate the analysis within a broader examination of how digital entertainment affects mental health, specifically focusing on the psychological mechanisms that video games influence.
In order to navigate the intricate landscape, the dissertation utilises a multi-method research design, which includes a comprehensive examination of existing literature, quantitative analysis of primary data obtained through surveys and experimental studies, and qualitative interviews with gamers and experts in gaming psychology. This technique enables a thorough analysis of the connections between gaming emotions, psychological impacts, and therapy possibilities, guaranteeing an advanced understanding of the subject.
The results show a complex relationship between playing video games and psychological effects, which players' underlying motivations greatly influence. Specific motives, such as the desire to escape from reality and the need for social engagement, can have both beneficial and detrimental impacts on one's mental state. These effects depend on elements such as the type of game, the length of play, and variation among individuals. The research highlights particular situations in which video games serve as effective therapeutic aids, offering valuable insights into their potential as supplementary treatments for conditions such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD.
This research has consequences that go beyond the academic realm, providing useful information for game designers, psychologists, and lawmakers. This dissertation enhances the understanding of the complex relationship between video games and human psychology, contributing to a more knowledgeable discussion on the impact of digital entertainment in modern society. It promotes an academic perspective on video gaming, emphasising the importance of considering people's motivations and the psychological circumstances surrounding their involvement in games. This study essentially envisions a future where people not only view video games as sources of entertainment, but also as potential tools for promoting positive psychological transformation and growth.
 
Objectives
•	To explore and comprehend the various factors that drive individuals to engage with video games: The objective of this study is to explore the psychological factors that drive individuals to engage in video game play, including amusement, escapism, social interaction, and achievement. This statement emphasises the need for thoroughly comprehending the fundamental subjects involved, encouraging critical thinking, and creating unique perspectives on the motivations behind people's engagement in video gaming.
 
•	To investigate the psychological impacts of video gaming from several perspectives: This entails examining the influence of video games on emotional well-being, cognitive capabilities, social abilities, and behavioural tendencies. The goal is to provide a well-supported evaluation and analysis of facts about the psychological impact of gaming on humans, while questioning assumptions and acknowledging the complexities of scholarly discourse on this subject.
 
•	To evaluate the therapeutic benefits of video games in mental health interventions: This objective aims to investigate the effectiveness of video games as therapeutic tools using current research and advanced scholarship. The goal is to use academic evaluations and original sources effectively to understand how video games can help treat mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, and PTSD. This demonstrates a profound understanding of both the possibilities and constraints of such implementations.
 
•	To analyse the influence of psychological resilience in moderating the effects of video games on mental well-being: This objective aims to examine the impact of video games on mental health outcomes, specifically by investigating the role of individual characteristics, such as psychological resilience. The task entails assessing the extent to which resilient qualities can mitigate the negative consequences of gaming or enhance its beneficial outcomes. This study seeks to enhance the evaluation criteria's requirement for independent thinking and creative discoveries by offering a detailed perspective on how individual psychological characteristics influence the connection between video game involvement and psychological well-being.
 
•	To establish a set of recommendations for incorporating video games into educational and therapeutic environments: Instead of providing general suggestions, this purpose narrows its focus to developing precise, research-backed guidelines for effectively integrating video games into educational curriculum and therapeutic procedures. The goal is to use the research findings to develop effective ways for educators and therapists to actively involve learners and clients, respectively. This objective showcases the utilisation of knowledge, understanding of current research, and the ability to effectively convey findings, with a significant focus on practical implementation and future advancement in real-life situations.

 
Preface
Engaging in academic research to explore the complex connections between video games and human psychology has been a demanding yet rewarding endeavour. This dissertation, titled "The Interplay of Video Games and Human Psychology: An Insight into Motivations, Effects, and Therapeutic Potentials," is not only an academic endeavour but a personal examination of a subject that is both well-known and mysterious in its complexities. The motivation for this endeavour stems from an ongoing fascination with the digital realms portrayed in video games, as well as a strong desire to comprehend the intricate intersection between these virtual domains and the intricate field of human psychology.
The rationale for choosing this specific issue included two main aspects. Firstly, the purpose was to clarify and explain the frequently disputed discussion on video games and their influence on individuals and society. Within the realm of opinions regarding video games, there are extreme viewpoints that either discredit them as causes of adverse social and psychological effects or excessively praise them as solutions for various educational and therapeutic requirements. However, it is important to recognise that there is a complex range of effects and potential benefits that necessitate a thorough investigation. Furthermore, the increasing significance of video games in modern society and their potential as effective tools for promoting beneficial psychological therapies motivated this initiative. This dissertation aims to bridge the gap between empirical research and practical applications by investigating the conscious development and use of video games to enhance psychological well-being.
A set of goals drove the creation of this dissertation, aiming to not only contribute to academic discussions but also provide practical insights with real-world implications. This undertaking required exploring a diverse range of research approaches, including literature reviews, quantitative analysis, and qualitative interviews. Every strategy introduced novel perspectives and brought out unique difficulties and insights.
This procedure led to a crucial realisation that individual differences significantly influence the psychological effects of video game involvement. Exploring the diverse range of factors that drive gamers and how these factors interact with the psychological impact of gaming highlighted the intricate nature of reaching broad conclusions in this area. Furthermore, the investigation into the therapeutic capabilities of video games has uncovered a potentially beneficial but largely unexplored domain for mental health treatments, underscoring the necessity for additional research and inventive ideas.
As I compose this prelude, I contemplate the intellectual path that has been both challenging and fulfilling. This dissertation aims to make a valuable contribution to the continuing discourse on the societal impact of video games and stimulate additional research on this rapidly evolving topic. In addition to its scholarly contributions, this work can also serve as a valuable resource for game designers, educators, therapists, and policymakers who are interested in using the good potential of video games to improve human lives.
This dissertation ultimately dedicates itself to individuals who believe in the profound impact of video games, both in bringing happiness and serving as tools for constructive development. This is intended for those who play, those who create, and those who are interested in understanding the deep interaction between video games and human psychology.
 
1. Introduction
The relationship between human psychology and video games is intricate and occurs at the intersection of gaming studies, applied psychology, and human-computer interaction. This developing field of study explores the impact of video games on psychological states and processes, including cognitive, emotional, and social aspects. The increasing use of video games in contemporary society, not just as a form of entertainment but also as educational tools, skill enhancers, and therapeutic aids, highlights the significance of this type of research.
As video gaming gains popularity, researchers are increasingly focusing on understanding its psychological effects. Nevertheless, research results have varied greatly, encompassing issues related to potential adverse consequences such as addiction and violence as well as beneficial impacts such as improved cognitive abilities, emotional strength, and social connectedness. The core of these discussions revolves around an essential, but not thoroughly examined, area—the interactive relationship between individual gaming motives and the resulting psychological impacts. Moreover, while clinical environments have acknowledged the therapeutic benefits of video games, a comprehensive framework explaining the reasons for this therapeutic effectiveness remains absent. This study gap highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive investigation that not only integrates various research streams but also propels them forward, offering fresh perspectives on the deliberate development and application of video games for psychological enhancement.
Foundational studies conducted by influential scholars such as Griffiths (2019) and Kühn et al. (2018) have established the basis for comprehending the psychological aspects of video gaming. However, these studies generally concentrate on examining individual effects or particular genres of games. This incremental method has produced useful observations, but it falls short of comprehending the intricacy of gamers' encounters and the comprehensive influence of gaming on psychological well-being. This dissertation aims to overcome these constraints by adopting a more comprehensive perspective. By including a wider range of psychological theories and gaming research, the objective is to construct a more cohesive narrative about the intricate psychological aspects of video gaming. This study investigates the interaction between several motives for playing video games, such as escapism, social connection, skill mastery, and narrative discovery, as well as the psychological impacts of gaming by exploring unexplored areas.
This dissertation aims to fill significant knowledge gaps. "How does the interaction between motivations for engaging in video games and the gaming experience impact psychological outcomes, and how can this knowledge inform the therapeutic potential of video games?" is the central research question. This study focuses on exploring the complex interaction between gaming intentions and outcomes. Additionally, it seeks to explore situations where video games can serve as therapeutic tools. This dissertation examines the specific psychological mechanisms triggered by gaming, explores the factors that moderate these effects, and evaluates the therapeutic implications and their applicability in both clinical and daily contexts.
This research is relevant and up-to-date, highlighting the need to comprehend the impact of video games in contemporary culture. They are not only simple forms of entertainment but rather interactive encounters that can profoundly shape psychological growth and overall welfare. This research enhances the discussion on video gaming by taking into account both the potential risks and advantages, therefore promoting a more balanced and nuanced perspective. The aim is to explore the intricate relationship between video games and human psychology, as well as identify strategies to use video games to improve mental health. It seeks to provide vital knowledge for psychologists, game designers, educators, and policymakers, promoting a more knowledgeable and productive approach to incorporating video games into our lives and society.

1.1 Background
The convergence of video games and human psychology presents a vast array of narratives, empirical research, and theoretical investigation that has extended over several decades. This dissertation, titled "The Interplay of Video Games and Human Psychology: An Insight into Motivations, Effects, and Therapeutic Potentials," explores the dynamic relationship between video games and human psychology. It seeks to understand how digital gaming environments influence cognitive processes, emotional experiences, and social behaviours.
Throughout history, video games have transformed from basic forms of amusement into intricate, immersive encounters that capture millions of people across the globe. Not only has this evolution transformed the presentation of entertainment, but it has also opened new avenues for exploring the psychological effects of interacting with virtual environments. Video games have consistently pushed the limits of what is achievable, both in terms of technology and creativity, from early arcade classics to modern virtual reality experiences. A growing body of scholarly writing has emerged to understand the intricate relationships between video gaming and psychological dynamics.
The initial discussion regarding the intersection of video games and psychology primarily revolved around the possible adverse consequences, such as addiction, aggressiveness, and social isolation. There has been tremendous public and scientific debate regarding the potential negative effects of extended gaming on mental health and behaviour. However, with the advancement of study methodology and a deeper understanding of human psychology, a more detailed and subtle portrayal started to surface. Research has shown a diverse range of impacts, both beneficial and detrimental, that vary based on several elements such as the game's content, the setting in which it is played, and the players' particular characteristics.
Recognising the potential of video games as therapeutic aids marked a significant turning point in this path. Through technological advancements and psychological research, games specifically developed to achieve therapeutic goals have demonstrated potential in treating various psychiatric disorders. The shift in perspective toward seeing video games as potential therapies for improving mental health highlights the necessity for thorough investigation into the mechanisms by which games exert their impact.
Concurrently, there was a notable increase in studies focused on comprehending the underlying reasons for engaging in video game activities. Richard Ryan and Edward Deci, prominent scholars, utilised self-determination theory to analyse the impact of video games. They believed that video games fulfil fundamental psychological demands, including competence, autonomy, and relatedness. This line of investigation emphasised the significance of internal motives in stimulating involvement with games and proposed that the satisfaction of these desires could explain both the attractiveness of video games and their potential influence on well-being.
This dissertation aims to enhance our comprehension of the interaction between video games and human psychology by building upon a comprehensive historical and theoretical foundation. The statement recognises the broad range of psychological impacts associated with video gaming, including improvements in cognitive abilities and emotional control, as well as potential dangers and difficulties. Moreover, it delves into the various incentives that drive individuals to engage in video games, aiming to decipher the correlation between these incentives and the psychological effects of gaming. Lastly, it delves into the therapeutic potential of video games, analysing the implementation of game design principles to facilitate psychological therapies.
This background seeks to examine the connections between video games and psychology in wider conversations, emphasising their significance beyond just enjoyment. The aim is to enhance ongoing discussions by providing analytical viewpoints, promoting a thorough and unbiased understanding of the importance of video games in both personal and social contexts.
1.2 Purpose of The Project
The main objective of this study is to clarify the intricate connections between video game involvement and its diverse psychological effects. In the face of quickly changing digital environments, this study seeks to enhance our comprehension of the reasons why people participate in video games and how these interactions impact their mental well-being. The study aims to explore the relationship between different motives for gaming, such as escapism, social connection, achievement, and skill development, and their impact on emotional, cognitive, and social consequences. Additionally, the study seeks to explore the potential of video games as therapeutic tools, offering a valuable insight into the development and application of games to support mental health treatments. The main objective of this project is to enhance the detailed discussion on the relationship between video games and psychology. It aims to promote well-informed talks among researchers, practitioners, designers, and policymakers about the positive and negative effects of video gaming in modern society.
1.3 Project Structure and Objectives in Context
This project is organised around five primary objectives. These objectives together seek to investigate the complex interaction between video games and psychological results. The study commences by examining the psychological factors that motivate individuals to participate in video games, such as entertainment, escape, social connection, and achievement. This primary objective establishes the foundation for comprehending the intricate motivations underlying video gaming, promoting a complete and analytical approach to the topic.
After the initial investigation, the research proceeds to analyse the psychological effects of video gaming, specifically focusing on its impact on emotional well-being, cognitive capacities, social skills, and behavioural tendencies. The purpose of this analysis is to offer a detailed assessment of the impacts of gaming, question existing beliefs, and actively participate in the varied scholarly discussion surrounding this subject.
The third objective examines the possibility of video games as therapeutic tools, assessing their efficacy in treating mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD. This entails an in-depth examination of existing research and literature to evaluate the therapeutic advantages and constraints of video games.
The study then examines how psychological resilience impacts the effects of video gaming on mental health. This entails assessing variations among individuals and examining how resilient characteristics may impact the psychological consequences of gaming, thereby deepening our understanding of the human elements that moderate these results.
The dissertation's objective is to develop a collection of evidence-based suggestions for integrating video games into educational and therapeutic environments. This goal is to use the study's findings to provide practical assistance to educators and therapists. It emphasizes the practical implications of the research and lays the groundwork for future progress in incorporating video games into real-life situations.
 
2. Methodology
2.1 Research Preparation
A thorough and complex study preparation method is essential before starting a complete dissertation exploring the relationship between video games and human psychology, specifically focusing on motivations, effects, and therapeutic potentials. The initial phase is crucial in order to guarantee a comprehensive examination of the intricate connection between video gaming and its psychological consequences. In order to achieve the various objectives of this dissertation, my research preparation involves conducting a comprehensive examination of current literature, creating a strong methodological framework, and designing a research plan that allows for both quantitative and qualitative analyses.
Gaining a comprehensive understanding of extensive and wide-ranging contemporary research and advanced scholarship is of utmost importance. My intention is to thoroughly examine a wide range of important and current publications in the domains of gaming studies, applied psychology, and human-computer interaction. Engaging in this activity would not only enhance my knowledge and comprehension of the subject matter but also facilitate the recognition of gaps in the existing research landscape. By integrating insights from academic reviews and primary sources, I aim to place my work in a broader context. I will acknowledge the limitations of current knowledge while also providing novel insights from my research.
We will establish the method to ensure a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between video games and human psychology, which includes data assessment and theoretical framework investigation. The study will employ quantitative approaches, such as surveys and experiments, to scientifically quantify the psychological consequences of gaming. We will also use qualitative methods like interviews and case studies to delve into the personal experiences and motivations behind gaming. This combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies allows for a detailed comprehension of the topic, allowing for the correct and thoughtful analysis of data that captures the intricate nature of the connection between gaming and psychological effects.
Moreover, I will investigate problem-solving methodologies that clarify the correlation between theoretical ideas and practical observations. This entails not only examining the motivations and results of gaming, but also assessing the therapeutic possibilities of video games in real-life situations. The focus will be on fostering new thinking and cultivating novel ideas that challenge the limits of existing studies.
My objective is to extract practical implications from my research and provide specific recommendations for incorporating video games into educational and therapeutic environments. I also intend to successfully communicate these findings to a wider audience. This will require an in-depth investigation of the intricacies of academic discourse, a questioning of existing assumptions, and a contemplation of my research methodology, all while upholding a rigorous standard of presentation and logical structure.
This dissertation aims to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between video games and human psychology by conducting thorough research that is based on a comprehensive grasp of both the theoretical principles and recent developments in the field.




2.2 Sources of Information
In order to thoroughly examine the dissertation project title, it is crucial to gather a wide variety of materials that cover all aspects of the subject. The sources of information encompass scholarly journals and books that specifically address applied psychology, gaming studies, and human-computer interaction. Additionally, the gaming community conducts surveys, interviews, and experimental studies to gather personal data. Experts rigorously evaluate academic articles published in reputable journals such as "Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds," "Computers in Human Behaviour," and "The International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction," offering a fundamental understanding of gaming motivations, psychological impacts, and potential therapeutic applications.
The primary sources will consist of qualitative interviews conducted with gamers to gain insight into their particular motivations and experiences. Quantitative surveys will complement these interviews to assess the broader psychological impacts and potential therapeutic benefits. Conducting experimental investigations to observe the behavioural and cognitive reactions of individuals during gaming sessions will provide important primary data, allowing for a direct understanding of the psychological dynamics involved.
The dissertation will examine recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews that assess the effectiveness of game-based interventions in mental health care. This will provide an understanding of the newest advancements in using gaming for therapeutic purposes. This technique will facilitate a confident and thorough examination of existing knowledge, emphasise any constraints, and employ autonomous reasoning to provide innovative perspectives on the intricate relationship between video games and human psychology.
2.3 Ethical Considerations
When studying the correlation between video games and human psychology, it is essential to examine ethical concerns, especially with the games' past, influence, and potential therapeutic advantages. It is imperative that all individuals participating in the research strictly adhere to the principles of informed consent, which entails providing them with comprehensive information regarding the study's objectives, methodology, and any potential implications for their privacy and mental well-being. This project must take into account the potential for specific video game content to exacerbate psychological disorders or induce pain.
Furthermore, it is crucial to maintain the confidentiality of participant data by taking measures to protect and de-identify personal information, thus ensuring the anonymity of participants and safeguarding any sensitive data supplied throughout the research. For research examining psychological matters, it is crucial to consider that disclosing personal information about emotions or experiences may put the participants at risk.
An accurate representation of video games is essential for conducting research in this sector, taking into account the risks associated with excessive or unbalanced usage as well as the potential therapeutic benefits. In order to accurately evaluate the psychological effects of video gaming and prevent the spread of negative stereotypes or biases towards gamers, it is essential to maintain neutrality. Ultimately, the provision of knowledge that can establish ethical guidelines for game production and therapeutic applications is expected to have a beneficial influence on the discourse around video games and mental well-being.
 
2.4 Use of Bibliographic Resources
Following this marking criteria: 
1.	Knowledge and understanding full and detailed
Can apply such knowledge
Awareness of limitations of knowledge
Confident discussion of basic topics
Independent thinking 
Original insights 

2.	Presentation, evaluation and interpretation of data
Arguments/judgements are substantiated,  well-defined and clearly articulated
Presentation standard high 
Logically organised 

3.	Evaluation of problem-solving approaches
Highly successful in presenting and commenting on outcomes
Insight on the relationship between theory and practice 

4.	Awareness of current research/advanced scholarship
The use of scholarly reviews/primary sources is confident
Referencing accurate and reading/investigation beyond sources provided 
Basic knowledge and understanding of research processes/techniques/methods and ability to apply them

5.	Results communicated accurately and reliably
Arguments structured, coherent, well developed, sustained and substantiated
Assumptions challenged
Recognition of the complexities of academic debate
Appropriate solutions to problems are offered and reviewed 
Strong evidence of effective reflection on the student’s practice and consideration for future development

As well as following this dissertation project, Can you write 150 words for the use of bibliographic resources