Summarize the following text to main points and sub-points and make detailed explain for them:

s (such as endoscopy or CT 
scans) are not available or contraindicated. 
 
6. Screening for Upper 
GI Cancers: While not 
a 
primary 
tool 
for 
cancer 
diagnosis, 
a 
barium meal may still 
be used in cases where 
endoscopy 
is 
unavailable. 
 
Biii: White Arrow: 
Gastroesophageal 
junction; Black arrows: 
Widened diaphragmatic 
hiatus. Pane Biv: 
Herniated, intrathoracic 
stomach with herniation 
of duodenum. This 
stomach is flipped in an 
organoaxial rotation 
B. Single contrast study from the same patient 
showing the apple core appearance of the 
stomach 
due 
to 
the 
invasive 
gastric 
adenocarcinoma 
Biii:ﺔ اﻟﻤĖ4﮵ﺌ+﮵ﺔ؛
اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪ4﮵:اﻟﺴﻬﻢ اﻷ4﮳+﮵ﺾ
﮳ﺰ
﮳ﺎب اﻟﺤﺎﺣ
﮳ﻮة اﻟﺤﺤ
ǀіﺤ:اﻷﺳﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﻮداء
اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ. Pane Biv:﮲ﻞ
ﻣﻌﺪةﻣﻨƾіQƾѠﺔ داﺣ
ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺪة.اﻻ4﮶ﲏﻋﺸﺮѢ
˦іǁاﻟﺼﺪرﻣﻊ ǀіﺘﻖ
دʳرانﻋﻀʷيﻣﺤʷĒيѢ
˦іǁﻣƾѠﻠʷ4﮳ﺔ
4﮲ﺎﺻﺔﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ
وﺣ،ﺘﻄﻠﺐ ǀіƾѠﺪان اﻟʷĝن اﻟﻜ+﮳+﮵ﺮ
ǀѠﺪ 4﮵:ǀіƾѠﺪان اﻟʷĝنﻋ﮲+﮵ﺮ اﻟﻤ+﮳Ėر.
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵ﻮم
Sﻨﺎول وﺣ،اﻟﻌﻠʷيѢ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
ﻜʷنﻣﺼﺤʷ4﮳ًﺎ 4﮳ﺄﻋﺮاض اﻟﺤ
4﮵
.﮲ﻄ+﮵ﺮة
اﻟﺤѢ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
﮲ +﮳+﮵ﺜﺔ أو أﻣﺮاض اﻟﺤ
ﻻﺳﺘ+﮳ﻌﺎد اﻷʳرام اﻟﺤ
5ﻦﻻ Sﺘﻮǀіﺮ
اﻟﻤﺮﴇ اﻟﺬ4﮵Ѣ
˦іǁ :﮳ﺰء اﻟﻌﻠʷيﻣﻦ اﻟ+﮳ﻄﻦ
Ѣ ء اﻟﻤﺘﻜĖر أو ﻻم اﻟﺤ
اﻟƿѠ˥.
Ѣ
˥Ɲ﮲ﲇ أو اﻟﺘﺼʷ4﮵ﺮ اﻟﻤƾѠﻄ
﮲ +﮵ﺮ اﻟﺪاﺣ
﮲ Ėى )ﻣbﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻄ
﮲ +﮵ﺼ+﮵ﺔ أﺣ
ﻟﺪ6﮵ﻬﻢﻃĖق 4﮴ﺸﺤ
.أوﺣ+﮵ﺚ 4﮴ﻜʷنﻣﻮا6﮲ﻊ اﻻﺳQﻌﻤﺎلﻋ﮲+﮵ﺮ واردة(اﻟﻤﺤﻮﺳﺐ
6
Ѣ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
ǀіﺤﺺﺳﺮﻃﺎ4﮲ﺎت اﻟﺤ.
﮳ +﮳ﺔ
ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻋ﮲ﻢﻣﻦ أن وﺣ:اﻟﻌﻠʷي
﮲ +﮵ﺺ
ﺔﻟﺘﺸﺤ
ﻮمﻟ+﮵ﺴﺖ أداة أﺳﺎﺳ+﮵
اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
ﺰالﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ
إﻻ أ4﮲ﻪﻻ 4﮵،اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن
ﺘﻮǀіﺮ
اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﱵﻻ 4﮵Ѣ
˦іǁ﮲ﺪاﻣﻬﺎ
اﺳﺘﺤ
.﮲ﲇ
﮲ +﮵ﺮ اﻟﺪاﺣ
ǀі.﮵ﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻨﻄ
دراﺳﺔ 4﮴+﮳ﺎ4﮵ﻦ واﺣﺪةﻣﻦ 4﮲ƾіﺲ.ب
﮲ﻬﺮ ǀѠﻠﺐ
﮲ﻬﺮﻣﻄ
ﺾ 4﮴ﻄ
اﻟﻤĖ4﮵
اﻟﻤﻌﺪة 4﮳ﺴ+﮳ﺐѢ
˦іǁاﻟQƾіﺎﺣﺔ
ﺔ اﻟﻌіﺎĝي
ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻌіﺪة اﻟﻤﻌﺪ4﮵
 
 
2. Contraindications for Barium Meal  
The utility of a barium meal must be balanced against its risks in certain 
populations. The following are key contraindications: 
1. Suspected or Confirmed Perforation of the GI Tract: If there is 
any suspicion of GI perforation, the use of barium can lead to 
severe complications such as peritonitis. In these cases, a water-
soluble contrast like Gastrografin is used instead. 
2. Severe Constipation or Bowel Obstruction: Barium impaction is 
a risk in these cases, leading to intestinal blockage. 
3. Pregnancy: Radiation exposure during a barium meal can be 
harmful to a developing fetus, making this test contraindicated 
unless absolutely necessary. 
4. High Risk of Aspiration: In patients with severe dysphagia or 
neuromuscular disorders, there is a significant risk of aspirating 
barium into the lungs, leading to barium pneumonia. 
5. Acute Abdominal Conditions: When a patient presents with an 
acute abdomen, such as in cases of suspected perforated peptic 
ulcers or acute appendicitis, the use of barium could worsen the 
situation. 
6. Severe Allergic Reactions to Barium: Though rare, allergic 
reactions to the barium suspension have been reported. Alternative 
diagnostic modalities should be considered for these patients. 
7. Recent Upper GI Surgery: This may also be a contraindication 
due to the risk of complications related to postoperative healing. 
3. Procedure for Barium Meal  
The procedure for a barium meal remains largely unchanged in its 
methodology, though refinements in radiologic technology have 
enhanced diagnostic accuracy. 
3.1. Preparation 
 The patient is required to fast for 6-8 hours before the test to 
ensure that the stomach and upper small intestine are empty, 
allowing for optimal visualization. 
 Some medications may need to be adjusted or stopped temporarily, 
based on the physician’s guidance. 
 
 
2
:ﻮم
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
ﻣﻮا6﮲ﻊ Sﻨﺎول وﺣ.
4﮳ﻌﺾ اﻟƾіﺌﺎتѢ
˦іǁ﮲ﺎﻃﺮﻫﺎ
ﻮم وﻣﺤ
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
ﻦ ǀіﺎ4ٔﺪة وﺣ
﮳ﺐ اﻟﻤﻮاĝ4﮲ﺔ 4﮳+﮵
4﮵ﺤ
:ﺔ
ﲇﻣﻮا6﮲ﻊ Ē4ٔ+﮵ﺴ+﮵
وǀі+﮵ﻤﺎ 4﮵.ﺔ
اﻟﺴﲀ4﮲+﮵
1﮳ﻮد
اﻻﺷﺘ+﮳ﺎه أو اﻟﺘﺄﻛ+﮵ﺪ 4﮳ﻮﺣ.
إذا:Ѣ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
اﻟﺤѢ
˦іǁ4﮶ƾѠﺐ
﮳ﻮد
ﰷنﻫﻨﺎك أي اﺷﺘ+﮳ﺎه 4﮳ﻮﺣ
ǀіﺈن،Ѣ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
اﻟﺤѢ
˦іǁ4﮶ƾѠﺐ
ﺆدي إﻟﻰ
ﻮم ǀѠﺪ 4﮵
﮲ﺪام اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
اﺳﺘﺤ
﮲ﻄ+﮵ﺮةﻣbﻞ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب
ﻣﻀﺎﻋƾіﺎتﺣ
4﮵ﺘﻢ،ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻻتѢ
˦іǁ .اﻟﺼƾіﺎق
ﻦ ǀѠﺎ4﮳ﻠﺔ
﮲ﺪامﻣﺎدة 4﮴+﮳ﺎ4﮵
اﺳﺘﺤ
اﻟﻤﺎءﻣbﻞѢ
˦іǁﻟﻠﺬʳ4﮳ﺎن
Gastrograﬁn
.ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚً4﮳ﺪﻻ
2ﺪ أو
اﻹﻣﺴﺎك اﻟﺸﺪ4﮵.
ﺸǻﻞ
4﮵:ا4﮲ﺴﺪاد اﻷﻣﻌﺎء
ً﮲ﻄﺮ
ﻮمﺣ
ا4﮲ﺴﺪاد اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
ﻣﻤﺎ،ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻻتѢ
˦іǁ
ﺆدي إﻟﻰ ا4﮲ﺴﺪاد
4﮵
.اﻷﻣﻌﺎء3اﻟQﻌﺮضﻟﻺﺷﻌﺎع:اﻟﺤﻤﻞ.
ﻮم
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
أdﻨﺎء Sﻨﺎول وﺣ
﮳ﻨ+﮵ﻦ
ﻜʷنﺿﺎرًاﻟﻠﺤ
4﮵ﻤﻜﻦ أن 4﮵
﮳ﻌﻞﻫﺬا
ﺤ
ﻣﻤﺎ 4﮵،Ѣ
˦ɰاﻟﻨﺎ
﮲ﺘ+﮳ﺎرﻋ﮲+﮵ﺮﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ إﻻ إذاﰷن
اﻻﺣ
.ﺔ
ﺿĖʳĒ4﮵ًﺎﻟﻠﻌіﺎ4﮵
4﮲ﻄﺮ
اĒ4﮴ƾіﺎعﺣ.
اﻟﻤﺮﴇѢ
˦іǁ :اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق
ﻌﺎ4﮲ʷنﻣﻦﻋﺴﺮ
اﻟﺬ4﮵ﻦ 4﮵
ﺪ أو
اﻟ+﮳ﻠﻊ اﻟﺸﺪ4﮵
اﻻﺿﻄﺮا4﮳ﺎت اﻟﻌﺼ+﮳+﮵ﺔ
﮲ﻄﺮ
ﻫﻨﺎكﺣ،اﻟﻌﻀﻠ+﮵ﺔ
ﻛ+﮳+﮵ﺮﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق
،ﻮم إﻟﻰ اﻟĖ˼ﺘ+﮵ﻦ
اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
ﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎب
ﻣﻤﺎ 4﮵
.ﻮم
اﻟĖ4ٔʷي 4﮳ﺎﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
5
:ﺔ اﻟﺤﺎدة
اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟ+﮳ﻄﻨ+﮵.
ﺾﻣﻦ
اﻟﻤĖ4﮵Ѣ
˦ﻌﺎ5﮲
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ 4﮵
ﻛﻤﺎﻫﻮ،ﺣﺎﻻت 4﮳ﻄﻦﺣﺎدة
ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟƾѠﺮﺣﺔѢ
˦іǁاﻟﺤﺎل
ﺔ اﻟﻤbƾѠʷ4﮳ﺔ أو
اﻟﻬﻀﻤ+﮵
ﺔ
اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﺰا4ٔﺪة اﻟﺪود4﮵
﮲ﺪام
ǀіﺈن اﺳﺘﺤ،اﻟﺤﺎد
ﺆدي إﻟﻰ
ﻮم ǀѠﺪ 4﮵
اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
.4﮴ƾіﺎǀѠﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ
6ردود اﻟƾіﻌﻞ.
ﺔ
اﻟﺘﺤﺴﺴ+﮵
:ﻮم
اﻟﺸﺪ4﮵ﺪةﻟﻠ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻋ﮲ﻢﻣﻦ 4﮲ﺪرة
ﺣﺪوث ردود اﻟƾіﻌﻞ
ﺔﻟﻤﻌﻠﻖ
اﻟﺘﺤﺴﺴ+﮵
ǀіƾѠﺪ 4﮴ﻢ،ﻮم
اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
.اﻹ4﮳ﻼغﻋﻦﺣﺪʳ6﮶ﻬﺎ
Ѣ
˦іǁ﮲ﺮ
اﻟﻨﻄѢ
˥іƝ4﮵ﻨ+﮳
ﺔ
﮲ +﮵ﺼ+﮵
ﻃĖق 4﮴ﺸﺤ
ﻠﺔﻟﻬﺆﻻء
4﮳ﺪ4﮵
.اﻟﻤﺮﴇ
7
.﮳ﺮاﺣﺔ
﮲ﻄﺮﺣﺪوثﻣﻀﺎﻋƾіﺎتﻣĖ4﮴+﮳ﻄﺔ 4﮳ﺎﻟﺸƾіﺎء 4﮳ﻌﺪ اﻟﺤ
ǀѠﺪ 4﮵ﻜʷنﻫﺬا أ4﮵ﻀًﺎﻣﻮا4﮲ﻌًﺎ 4﮳ﺴ+﮳ﺐﺣ:اﻟﻌﻠʷي اﻟﺤﺪ4﮵ﺜﺔѢ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
﮳ﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﺤ
ﺣ.
3
:ﻮم
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
﮳ﺮاءات Sﻨﺎول وﺣ
إﺣ.
ﻋﲆ،﮳ +﮵ﺘﻬﺎ
ﻣﻨﻬﺤѢ
˦іǁﻮم دʳن 4﮴ﻌі +﮵+﮵ﺮ إﻟﻰﺣﺪﻛ+﮳+﮵ﺮ
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
﮳ﺮاءات Sﻨﺎول وﺣ
ﻻ 4﮴ﺰال إﺣ
.﮲ +﮵ﺺ
ﺰ دǀѠﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺤ
﮳ +﮵ﺎ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﱵ أدت إﻟﻰ 4﮴ﻌě4﮵
4﮴ﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺣѢ
˦іǁاﻟﺮﻋ﮲ﻢﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﺴ+﮵ﻨﺎت
3׭1اﻟﺘﺤﻀ+﮵ﺮ.
ﺾ أن 4﮵ﺼﻮمﻟﻤﺪة
﮳ﺐﻋﲆ اﻟﻤĖ4﮵
4﮵ﺤ•
6
-
8﮲ﺘ+﮳ﺎرﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪﻣﻦ أن
ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ǀѠ+﮳ﻞ اﻻﺣ
.Ѣ
˦ɔﻣﻤﺎ 4﮵ﺴﻤﺢ 4﮳ﺘﺼʷرﻣbﺎ،ﺔ ǀіﺎرﻋ﮲ﺔ
اﻟﻤﻌﺪة واﻷﻣﻌﺎء اﻟﺪǀѠ+﮵ƾѠﺔ اﻟﻌﻠʷ4﮵
.ﻋﲆ إرﺷﺎدات اﻟﻄ+﮳+﮵ﺐً4﮳ﻨﺎء،ƾѠﺎǀіﻬﺎﻣﺆǀѠQًﺎ
ﺔ أو إ4﮵
ﻞ 4﮳ﻌﺾ اﻷدʳ4﮵
ﻠﺰم 4﮴ﻌﺪ4﮵
ǀѠﺪ 4﮵•
 
 
3.2. Administration of Barium 
 Barium sulfate is given to the patient in liquid form, usually 
flavored to make it more palatable. This dense liquid coats the 
inner lining of the upper GI tract, making it visible on X-ray. 
 Effervescent granules may also be administered to create gas in 
the stomach, distending it and providing better visualization of the 
stomach walls and folds. 
3.3. Imaging and Fluoroscopy 
 A series of X-ray images are taken as the patient drinks the barium 
mixture. The radiologist uses fluoroscopy (real-time X-ray 
imaging) to observe the movement of the contrast through the 
esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. 
 The patient may be asked to change positions—lying on their back, 
side, or standing—to get comprehensive images from multiple 
angles. 
 Spot images of areas that appear abnormal may be taken for 
further study. 
3.4. Post-Procedure Care 
 Patients are encouraged to drink plenty of fluids after the 
procedure to help clear the barium from their system and prevent 
constipation. 
 A mild laxative may be prescribed to avoid barium impaction, 
especially in older adults or those with a history of constipation. 
3.5. Risks and Complications 
 Though the procedure is generally safe, complications can occur, 
such as barium aspiration, leading to aspiration pneumonia, or 
barium impaction, which can result in bowel obstruction. 
 Radiation exposure remains a concern, especially for patients 
requiring 
multiple 
imaging 
tests 
over 
time. 
However, 
advancements in imaging technology have reduced this risk. 
4. Recent Developments in Barium Meal Studies  
Recent studies highlight the following trends and updates in the field of 
radiology concerning barium meal procedures: 
3׭2
:ﻮم
إﻋﻄﺎء اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵.
وﻋﺎدة،ﺻʷرةﺳﺎ4ٔﻠﺔѢ
˦іǁﺾ
ﻮمﻟﻠﻤĖ4﮵
Qﺎت اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
4﮵ﺘﻢ إﻋﻄﺎءﻛ+﮳Ė4﮵•
ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﺎ4ٔﻞ اﻟﻜb+﮵ﻒѢ
˥Ɖ іﻌ
4﮵.﮳ﻌﻠﻬﺎ أﻛbﺮﻣﺬاǀѠًﺎ
ﻣﺎ 4﮵ﺘﻢ 4﮲ﻜﻬﺘﻬﺎﻟﺤ
﮳ﻌﻠﻪﻣĖ4ٔ+﮵ًﺎ
ﻣﻤﺎ 4﮵ﺤ،اﻟﻌﻠʷيѢ
˥ɮ﮳ﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀ
ﺔﻟﻠﺤ
﮲ﻠ+﮵
اﻟ+﮳ﻄﺎ4﮲ﺔ اﻟﺪاﺣ
.ﺔ
ﻋﲆ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴ+﮵ﻨ+﮵
،اﻟﻤﻌﺪةѢ
˦іǁﻦﻋ﮲ﺎز
4﮵ﻤﻜﻦ أ4﮵ﻀًﺎ إﻋﻄﺎءﺣ+﮳+﮵+﮳ﺎت ǀіﻮارةﻟﺘﻜʷ4﮵•
.﮳ﺪران اﻟﻤﻌﺪة وﻃ+﮵ﺎ6﮴ﻬﺎ
ﻌﻬﺎ ʳ4﮴ﻮǀі+﮵ﺮ 4﮴ﺼʷر أǀіﻀﻞﻟﺤ
ʳ4﮴ﻮﺳ+﮵
3׭3ﺮ
ﺮ واﻟﺘﺼʷ4﮵
اﻟﺘﺼʷ4﮵.
:اﻟƾіﻠʷĒي
ﺘﻢ اﻟQƾѠﺎطﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔﻣﻦﺻʷر
4﮵•
ﺔ أdﻨﺎءﺷﺮب
اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴ+﮵ﻨ+﮵
.ﻮم
ﺾﻟﻤě6﮵ﺞ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
اﻟﻤĖ4﮵
اﻷﺷﻌﺔѢ
˦ٔ5﮲ﺼﺎ
﮲ﺪم أﺣ
ﺴﺘﺤ
4﮵
ﺮ
ﺮ اﻟƾіﻠʷĒي )اﻟﺘﺼʷ4﮵
اﻟﺘﺼʷ4﮵
اﻟﻮǀѠﺖѢ
˦іǁﺔ
4﮳ﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴ+﮵ﻨ+﮵
ﻦ
ﻟﻤﺮاǀѠ+﮳ﺔﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘ+﮳ﺎ4﮵(اﻟƾіﻌﲇ
ﻋ+﮳ﺮ اﻟﻤĖيء واﻟﻤﻌﺪة واﻻ4﮶ﲏ
.ﻋﺸﺮ
ﺮ
ﺾ 4﮴ﻌі+﮵+﮵
ǀѠﺪ 4﮵ُﻄﻠﺐﻣﻦ اﻟﻤĖ4﮵•
ﻣﺴQﻠƾѠ+﮵ًﺎﻋﲆ - اﻟﻮﺿﻌ+﮵ﺎت
- ﮳ﺎ4﮲+﮳ﻪ أو واǀѠƾіًﺎ
﮲ﻬﺮه أوﺣ
ﻃ
ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮلﻋﲆﺻʷرﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔﻣﻦ
.ĝوا4﮵ﺎﻣQﻌﺪدة
ﺔ
ﺘﻢ اﻟQƾѠﺎطﺻʷر 4﮲ƾѠﻄ+﮵
ǀѠﺪ 4﮵•
ﺔ
ﻌ+﮵
ﺮﻃ+﮳+﮵
ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﱵ 4﮴+﮳ﺪوﻋ﮲+﮵
.ﺪﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ
ﻟﻤě4﮵
3׭4
:ﺔ
ﺔﻣﺎ 4﮳ﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻠ+﮵
رﻋﺎ4﮵.
ﺔ
4﮵ُﻨﺼﺢ اﻟﻤﺮﴇ 4﮳ﺸﺮب اﻟﻜb+﮵ﺮﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻮا4ٔﻞ 4﮳ﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻠ+﮵•
.﮳ﺴﺎﻣﻬﻢ وﻣﻨﻊ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك
ﻮمﻣﻦ أﺣ
إزاﻟﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵Ѣ
˦іǁﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة
ً﮲ﺎﺻﺔ
وﺣ،ﻮم
﮳ﻨﺐ ا4﮲ﺴﺪاد اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
﮲ ƾі+﮵ƾіًﺎﻟﺘﺤ
ǀѠﺪ 4﮵ﺼﻒ اﻟﻄ+﮳+﮵ﺐﻣﻠ+﮵ﻨًﺎﺣ•
.ﻦﻟﺪ6﮵ﻬﻢ 4﮴ﺎĒ6﮵ﺦﻣﻦ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك
ﻋﻨﺪﻛ+﮳ﺎر اﻟﺴﻦ أو أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬ4﮵
3׭5﮲ﺎﻃﺮ
اﻟﻤﺤ.
:واﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋƾіﺎت
ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻋ﮲ﻢﻣﻦ أن•
﮳ﺮاء آﻣﻦ 4﮳ﺸǻﻞ
اﻹﺣ
إﻻ أن،ﻋﺎم
اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋƾіﺎت ǀѠﺪ
ﻣbﻞﺷƾіﻂ،4﮴ﺤﺪث
ﺆدي
ﻣﻤﺎ 4﮵،ﻮم
اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
إﻟﻰ اﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟĖ4ٔʷي
أو ا4﮲ﺴﺪاد، Ѣ
˥Ɖіƾاﻟﺸ
اﻷﻣﻌﺎء 4﮳ﺴ+﮳ﺐ
.ﻮم
اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
﮲ﻞ اﻟQﻌﺮض
4﮵ﻄ•
،ﻟﻺﺷﻌﺎعﻣﺼﺪر ǀѠﻠﻖ
﮲ﺎﺻﺔ 4﮳ﺎﻟﻨﺴ+﮳ﺔ
وﺣ
ﻦ
ﻟﻠﻤﺮﴇ اﻟﺬ4﮵
﮳ ʷن إﻟﻰ
4﮵ﺤQﺎﺣ
ﺮ
﮲ﺘ+﮳ﺎرات 4﮴ﺼʷ4﮵
اﺣ
.ﻣQﻌﺪدة 4﮳ﻤĖʳر اﻟﻮǀѠﺖ
ǀіƾѠﺪ أدى،وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ
﮳ +﮵ﺎ
4﮴ﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺣѢ
˦іǁاﻟQƾѠﺪم
ﻞ
ﺮ إﻟﻰ 4﮴ƾѠﻠ+﮵
اﻟﺘﺼʷ4﮵
.﮲ﻄﺮ
ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤ
4ﻮم
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
دراﺳﺎت وﺣѢ
˦іǁاﻟﺘﻄʷرات اﻟﺤﺪ4﮵ﺜﺔ.
bﺎت
﮳ﺎﻫﺎت واﻟﺘﺤﺪ4﮵
4﮴ﺴﻠﻂ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺤﺪ4﮵ﺜﺔ اﻟﻀﻮءﻋﲆ اﻻ4﮴ﺤ
:ﻮم
﮳ +﮳ﺔ اﻟ+﮳ﺎĒ4﮵
﮳ﺮاءات وﺣ
Qﻌﻠﻖ 6﮳ﺈﺣ
﮳ﺎل اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ǀі+﮵ﻤﺎ 4﮵
ﻣﺤѢ
˦іǁﺔ
اﻟQﺎﻟ+﮵
 
 
1. Evolving Role of Barium Studies: With increasing use of 
endoscopy and CT scans, barium meals are less commonly used 
but remain valuable in settings whe

Summary :