Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            The quiz must be in the same language as the input text. Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            sis and 
Replication
 
DNA synthesis (Replication) 
Definition:- Replication is the synthesis of DNA. It occurs 
during the S phase of cell cycle.  
Reverse transcriptase:- 
It is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, capable of 
synthesizing a DNA strand from an RNA template. 
the newly synthesized DNA strand, synthesizes a 
complementary DNA strand to make a double strand DNA.  
The original RNA strand is degraded by specific RNase H. 
 reverse transcriptase is present in some animal viruses 
called retroviruses. 
 
 
 
 Enzymes repair damaged DNA:
 
Causes of DNA damage:-
 
o Environmental: - e.g ionizing radiation.
 
o Physical: - e.g x-ray and ultraviolet rays.
 
o Chemical:- e.g alkylating agents.
 
  Types of Damage DNA:
 
 1- Single-base alteration.
 
 2- Two-base alteration.
 
 3- Chain breaks.
 
 4- Cross-linkage.
 
 
 
 
 
 Repair Mechanisms:
 
 
 1- Mismatch repair.
 
 2- Base excision repair. 
 3- Nucleotide excision repair. 
 4- Double-strand break repair 
. The defective region in one strand can be repaired 
relying on the complementary information stored in the 
unaffected strand. 
 
 RNA Synthesis, 
Processing and   
Modification
 
 
   Transcription
 
The process of DNA and RNA synthesis are similar in 
that:
  1- The general steps of initiation, elongation and 
termination with 5` to 3` polarity.
  2- Large and multicomponent initiation complexes.
  3- Adherence to base-pairing rules.
 
 These processes differ in several ways:
 
 
 1- Ribonucleotides are used in RNA synthesis rather than 
deoxyribonucleotides.
 
 
 2- U replaces T as the complementary base pair for A in 
RNA.
 
 
 3- A primer is not involved in RNA synthesis.
 
 4- Only a very small portion of the genome is transcribed 
or copied into RNA , whereas 
 
 
 
 
 
   the entire genome must be copied during DNA 
replication.
 
 
  5- There is no proofreading function during RNA 
transcription.
 
 
 
 
 Protein Synthesis and 
the Genetic Code
 
 
Protein synthesis and the genetic code 
The cell must have the machinery to translate accurately the 
nucleotide sequence of mRNA into specific amino acids 
The translation process requires an intermediate adaptor 
molecule to recognize a specific nucleotide sequence on the 
mRNA as well as a specific amino acid 
With such adaptor molecule, the cell can direct a specific 
amino acid  into the proper position of a protein during its 
synthesis 
 
The genetic code :-
 
-
There are 20 amino acids required for protein synthesis, thus 
their must be at least 20 codons (one for each amino acid) that 
make the genetic code
 
-
Codon :- is the sequence of 3 nucleotide bases on mRNA that 
determines the type and position of amino acid on a protein .
 
-
The genetic code :- is the collection of the genetic codons.
 
-
There are 4 different nucleotides in the mRNA and the genetic 
codon is triplet thus there are (4)3= 64 codons e.g. AUG codes 
for methionine.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
T              C 
A              G 
 
Mutation 
•Defi

            Quiz: