You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical transmitting apparatus, an optical receiving apparatus, and an optical communication system comprising them, and more specifically to an optical transmitting apparatus for transmitting an optical signal using PSK modulation, an optical receiving apparatus for receiving an optical signal from the optical transmitting apparatus, and an optical communication system comprising those apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Development of a practical implementation of an optical transmitting apparatus aiming to establish a high capacity and long distance optical transmission system has been awaited in recent years. Particularly, expectations for implementation of an optical transmitting apparatus, which employs an optical modulation technique adequate for high capacity and long-distance, to an actual system are growing high. In order to meet with expectations, optical transmission systems using phase shift keying such as DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying) and DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) are envisioned.
NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero) modulation techniques and RZ (Return-to-Zero) modulation techniques, actually operated on land and under the sea, are known as actual optical modulation techniques. In an optical transmission system using such modulation techniques, technology for stabilizing operation of components in a transmitter for optical transmission signal has great importance. An example is an ABC (Automated Bias Control) circuit in the NRZ modulation for preventing transmission signal degradation caused by drift of the operating point of a LN (Lithium Niobate) modulator. (See Patent Document 1: Japanese laid-open unexamined patent publication No. 03-251815)
There is also a bias control method for an optical SSB (Single Side-Band) modulator with a plurality of optical modulation units, in which appropriate correction of direct-current bias for each optical modulation unit is performed during normal operation of the modulator. (See Patent Document 2: Japanese laid-open unexamined patent publication No. 2004-318052)
An example of an optical receiving apparatus for receiving a DQPSK signal is described in Patent Document 3 (Japanese publication of translated version No. 2004-516743). In the optical receiving apparatus in the Patent Document 3, a phase of an optical signal is shifted by π/4 in one of a pair of waveguides constituting a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram describing a configuration of an optical transmitting apparatus employing a conventional NRZ modulation technique with an ABC circuit for NRZ. In FIG. 1, the optical transmitting apparatus employing a conventional NRZ modulation comprises a laser diode 111, a phase modulator 221, comprising a MZ (Mach-Zehnder) modulator etc., which carries out phase modulation by inputting an NRZ data signal DATA to a modulating electrode, and an ABC circuit for NRZ 550, which, by monitoring a part of the optical output of the phase modulator 221, detects a low frequency signal superposed on the data signal DATA, applies a control signal to bias tees (not shown in figures) of the phase modulator 221, and compensates for a deviation of an operating point.
The ABC circuit in the conventional optical transmitting apparatus employing the NRZ modulation, however, only performs bias control, which compensates for the deviation of an operating point of the MZ modulator, and it does not comprise means for monitoring the amount of phase shift of a phase shift unit necessary for phase shift keying such as DQPSK, which is receiving attention for its anticipated potential. For that reason, the conventional technology shown in FIG. 1 could not be applied to phase shift keying such as DQPSK. There was a problem that the concept of total control of phase shifting and DC drift with regard to an entire optical transmitting apparatus employing phase shift keying such as DQPSK did not exist.
Additionally, in an optical receiving apparatus described in the Patent Document 3, it is required to shift the phase of an optical signal by π/4; however, no measures have been taken to prevent loss of accuracy of an optical device due to age deterioration.