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User: Спикер 1
Unit three, going public, listening comprehension. When a company obtains a stock exchange quotation, it offers shares for sale to investors. Listen now to a member of the London Stock Exchange. He explains how an offer of shares is made to the public.
Спикер 2
Let me say first that a company usually obtains a quotation because it needs to obtain more capital. That's the main reason anyway. About 100 firms apply for quotations each year. Most of them do this by offering shares to the public at a fixed price. When the directors of a company decide to offer shares, they probably get in touch with an issuing house or merchant bank.
These are financial organisations. They specialise in new issues of shares. They act for the company, make the arrangements for the issue and give a lot of useful advice. Before an issuing house agrees to act for a company, it investigates that company thoroughly. It examines their profit record for the last ten years and studies their finances closely. The issuing house will also want to know about the management of the company.
If the company depends too much on one man, it will not be pleased. You see, the issuing house will be looking for a business which has a strong management team. Good department heads, reliable assistants, and so on. If it's satisfied, the issuing house or merchant bank helps the company prepare a prospectus. It's an important document, the prospectus. It's really a detailed report on the company's financial affairs, including its history and future prospects.
Some information must be put in it. In all prospectuses, there's an auditor's report. That's a report prepared by accountants. Generally, it shows the company's profit or loss for the last five years. A lot more information is put in the prospectus. The names of the directors, details about the company's property, the amount of capital and so on.
Actually, this document should contain every important fact about the company. Next comes the pricing of shares. The issuing house gets advice about this from a firm of stockbrokers. Stockbrokers buy and sell shares on the stock exchange. Before deciding on a price, the stockbrokers will look at the share prices of similar companies.
They're very experienced, so they'll know what the share price should be. Finally, it's possible that the public will not buy all the shares. A company can insure against this risk by using an underwriter. The underwriting firm agrees to buy unwanted shares. Let me give you an example. If an issue of £100,000 is underwritten and the public only buys £70,000 worth of shares, then the underwriters take the other £30,000.
Of course, they don't do this for nothing. The company pays them a commission for taking the risk.
Assistant: It sounds like you're summarizing a listening comprehension exercise about how companies go public and offer shares to investors. The speaker explains the process, starting with the need for capital, and how companies typically work with issuing houses or merchant banks to facilitate the share offering. 

Key points include:

1. **Need for Capital**: Companies seek stock exchange quotations primarily to raise more capital.
2. **Role of Issuing Houses**: These financial organizations help companies prepare for the share issue, providing advice and conducting thorough investigations into the company's financial health and management.
3. **Prospectus Preparation**: A crucial document that includes detailed financial information, an auditor's report, and other important facts about the company.
4. **Pricing of Shares**: Stockbrokers assist in determining the share price based on the performance of similar companies.
5. **Underwriting**: To mitigate the risk of unsold shares, companies can use underwriters who agree to purchase any shares that the public does not buy.

If you have any specific questions or need further clarification on any part of this process, feel free to ask!
User: Comprehension first, listen to the tape. then listen again, and complete the sentences using information from the tape. 1. most companies obtain a quotation because . . . 2. the usual method of obtaining a quotation is to . . . 3. firm decides to offer shares to the public, it usually contacts an . . . or a.. . these organizations will act for . . . 4. before helping a company, an issuing house collects information about it. for example, . . 5. a prospectus is . . . . . in all prospectuses, there is an auditors' report. this is a… 6. the prospectus is an important document because . . . 7. stockbrokers are very experienced, so they . . . 8. most companies use an underwriter because . . . 9. in the example, the figures £70,000 and £30,000 refer to . . . 10. for their work, the underwriters are paid a . . .
Assistant: