Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
              
O H  
-Galactose 
O H  
Glucose 
1 
4 
O  
 Lactose (milk 
sugar) 
Produced during starch digestion by α-amylase. 
Not found free in nature (Produced during starch digestion by α-amylase) 
• Consist of 2 molecules of α-D-glucose linked together by α-  
(1→4) glycosidic bond. 
It has a free anomeric C in glucose residue, so it 
has the  following properties: 
1)
Present in α & β forms. 
2)
Undregoes mutarotation. 
3)
It’s reducing sugar 
4)
It can form characteristic osazone crystal (Rosette shape) 
2) Maltose (malt 
sugar) 
. 
Maltose (malt 
sugar) 
3) Sucrose (cane sugar, beet sugar or table 
sugar) 
• The most abundant disaccharides in nature. 
• The French word sucre 
= sugar. 
• Found in sugar cane & beet sugar & some fruits. 
• Consist of α-D-glucose & β-D-fructose linked together by α-  
(1→2) glycosidic bond. 
It doesn’t has a free anomeric C because the anomeric C of  
both the α-D-glucose (C # 1) & β-D-fructose (C # 2) units  are 
involved in formation of the α-(1→2) glycosidic bond,  so that, 
sucrose has the following properties: 
4) 
lactulose 

It’s a synthetic disaccharide & produced from lactose by  
isomerization of glucose to fructose. 

It consist of β-D-galactose & β-D-fructose linked together by β-  (1→4) 
glycosidic bond. 

It can't 
be digested by human or animal enzymes. 

It’s used in the treatment of constipation (due to the laxative &  osmotic 
action of lactulose) treatment of hepatic encephalopathy  (elimination of 
NH3) & acts as a prebiotic. 

Formed by 2 molecules of α-D-glucose linked together by 

α-(1→1) glycosidic bond, so it’s non-reducing sugar. 

It’s synthesized by fungi & plants & some animals. 

Used in organ protection solution for organ transplants. 
5) 
Trehalose 
Polysaccharides 
They are polymers of ˃10 units of monosaccharides. 
They’re classified into homo & hetero polysaccharides. 
 
a) Homopolysaccharides: 
They are the polysaccharides that consist of 1 type of 
monosaccharide units  
(Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Inulin). 
1) Starch 
• It’s the most important food source of CHO for human. 
• Produced by all green plants (Potatoes, wheat & rice). 
• It consist of 2 polysaccharides amylose & amylopectin. 
1) Starch 
a.
Amylose: about 15-20% of starch & composed of long 
tight  helices, unbranched chains of D-glucose residues 
that are  linked to each other by α-(1→4) gly bond. 
b.
Amylopectin: about 80-85 % of starch, it’s a branched 
polymer of D-glucose residues containing both α-(1→4) & α-
(1→6) gly bonds 
(α-(1→6) branch points occur every 20-25 glucose residues & 
prevent helix formation) 
 
Properties of starch 
1.
It’s a white, tasteless & odorless powder. 
2.
Insoluble in cold water. 
3.
Gives blue color with iodine test. 
O  
H  
H  
H  
O H  
H  
C H 2 O H  
H   
O H  
O  
H  
H  
O H  
H  
C H 2 O H  
H  
O H  
O  
A m y l o p e c t i n  
1  
4  
O  
1  4  
O  
H  
H  
H  
O H  
H  
2  
C H  O H  
H   
O H  
O  
H  
H  
O H  
H  
C H 2 O H  
H  
O H  
O  
1  
4  
O  


            Quiz: