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Web context: Create Calculator app in Python with Flet | FletSkip to main content⭐️ If you like Flet, give it a star onGitHuband join the discussion onDiscord.FletDocsGalleryRoadmapBlogSearchFletIntroductionGetting startedPublishing Flet appExtending FletControlsCookbookTutorialsTo-Do appCalculator appTrello cloneSolitaire gameChat appReferenceTutorialsCalculator appOn this pageCreate Calculator app in Python with FletIn this tutorial we will show you, step-by-step, how to create a Calculator app in Python using Flet framework and publish it as a desktop, mobile or web app. The app isa simple console program, yet it is a multi-platform application with similar to iPhone calculator app UI:You can find the live demohere.In this tutorial, we will cover all of the basic concepts for creating a Flet app: building a page layout, adding controls, making reusable UI components, handling events, and publishing options.The tutorial consists of the following steps:Getting started with FletAdding page controlsBuilding page layoutReusable UI componentsHandling eventsPublishing your appSummaryGetting started with Flet​To create a multi-platform app in Python with Flet, you don't need to know HTML, CSS or JavaScript, but you do need a basic knowledge of Python and object-oriented programming.Before you can create your first Flet app, you need tosetup your development environment, which requires Python 3.8 or above andfletpackage.Once you have Flet installed, let'screatea simple hello-world app.Createhello.pywith the following contents:importfletasftdefmain(page:ft.Page):page.add(ft.Text(value="Hello, world!"))ft.app(main)Run this app and you will see a new window with a greeting:Adding page controls​Now you are ready to create a calculator app.To start, you'll need aTextcontrol for showing the result of calculation, and a fewElevatedButtonswith all the numbers and actions on them.Createcalc.pywith the following contents:importfletasftdefmain(page:ft.Page):page.title="Calc App"result=ft.Text(value="0")page.add(result,ft.ElevatedButton(text="AC"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="+/-"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="%"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="/"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="7"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="8"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="9"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="*"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="4"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="5"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="6"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="-"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="1"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="2"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="3"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="+"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="0"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="."),ft.ElevatedButton(text="="),)ft.app(main)Run the app and you should see a page like this:Building page layout​Now let's arrange the text and buttons in 6 horizontalrows.Replacecalc.pycontents with the following:importfletasftdefmain(page:ft.Page):page.title="Calc App"result=ft.Text(value="0")page.add(ft.Row(controls=[result]),ft.Row(controls=[ft.ElevatedButton(text="AC"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="+/-"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="%"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="/"),]),ft.Row(controls=[ft.ElevatedButton(text="7"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="8"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="9"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="*"),]),ft.Row(controls=[ft.ElevatedButton(text="4"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="5"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="6"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="-"),]),ft.Row(controls=[ft.ElevatedButton(text="1"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="2"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="3"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="+"),]),ft.Row(controls=[ft.ElevatedButton(text="0"),ft.ElevatedButton(text="."),ft.ElevatedButton(text="="),]),)ft.app(main)Run the app and you should see a page like this:Using Container for decoration​To add a black background with rounded border around the calculator, we will be usingContainercontrol. Container may decorate only one control, so we will need to wrap all the 6 rows into a single verticalColumnthat will be used as the container'scontent:Here is the code for adding the container to the page:page.add(ft.Container(width=350,bgcolor=ft.colors.BLACK,border_radius=ft.border_radius.all(20),padding=20,content=ft.Column(controls=[]# Controls will the six rows with the text# and the calculator buttons.)))Styled Controls​To complete the UI portion of the program, we need to update style for result text and buttons to look similar to iPhone calculator app.For the result text, let's specify itscolorandsizeproperties:result=ft.Text(value="0",color=ft.colors.WHITE,size=20)For the buttons, if we look again at the UI we are aiming to achieve, there are 3 types of buttons:Digit Buttons. They have dark grey background color and white text, size is the same for all.Action Buttons.  They have orange background color and white text, size is the same for all except0button which is twice as large.Extra action buttons. They have light grey background color and dark text, size is the same for all.The buttons will be used multiple time in the program, so we will be creating
customStyled Controlsto reuse the code.Since all those types should inherit fromElevatedButtonclass and have commontextandexpandproperties, let's create a parentCalcButtonclass:classCalcButton(ft.ElevatedButton):def__init__(self,text,expand=1):super().__init__()self.text=textself.expand=expandNow let's create child classes for all three types of buttons:classDigitButton(CalcButton):def__init__(self,text,expand=1):CalcButton.__init__(self,text,expand)self.bgcolor=ft.colors.WHITE24self.color=ft.colors.WHITEclassActionButton(CalcButton):def__init__(self,text):CalcButton.__init__(self,text)self.bgcolor=ft.colors.ORANGEself.color=ft.colors.WHITEclassExtraActionButton(CalcButton):def__init__(self,text):CalcButton.__init__(self,text)self.bgcolor=ft.colors.BLUE_GREY_100self.color=ft.colors.BLACKWe will be using these new classes now to create rows of buttons in the Container:content=ft.Column(controls=[ft.Row(controls=[result],alignment="end"),ft.Row(controls=[ExtraActionButton(text="AC"),ExtraActionButton(text="+/-"),ExtraActionButton(text="%"),ActionButton(text="/"),]),ft.Row(controls=[DigitButton(text="7"),DigitButton(text="8"),DigitButton(text="9"),ActionButton(text="*"),]),ft.Row(controls=[DigitButton(text="4"),DigitButton(text="5"),DigitButton(text="6"),ActionButton(text="-"),]),ft.Row(controls=[DigitButton(text="1"),DigitButton(text="2"),DigitButton(text="3"),ActionButton(text="+"),]),ft.Row(controls=[DigitButton(text="0",expand=2),DigitButton(text="."),ActionButton(text="="),]),]),Since the program is too long now to be fully included in this tutorial, copy the entire code for this step fromhere. Run the app and you should see a page like this:Just what we wanted!Reusable UI components​While you can continue writing your app in themainfunction, the best practice would be to create areusable UI component.Imagine you are working on an app header, a side menu, or UI that will be a part of a larger project (for example, at Flet we will be using this Calculator app in a bigger "Gallery" app that will show all the examples for Flet framework).Even if you can't think of such uses right now, we still recommend creating all your Flet apps with composability and reusability in mind.To make a reusable Calc app component, we are going to encapsulate its state and presentation logic in a separateCalculatorAppclass. Copy the entire code for this step fromhere.Try somethingTry adding twoCalculatorAppcomponents to the page:# create application instancecalc1=CalculatorApp()calc2=CalculatorApp()# add application's root control to the pagepage.add(calc1,calc2)Handling events​Now let's make the calculator do its job. We will be using the same event handler for all the buttons and usedataproperty to differentiate between the actions depending on the button clicked. ForCalcButtonclass, let's specifyon_click=button_clickedevent and setdataproperty equal to button's text:classCalcButton(ft.ElevatedButton):def__init__(self,text,button_clicked,expand=1):super().__init__()self.text=textself.expand=expandself.on_click=button_clickedself.data=textWe will definebutton_clickmethod inCalculatorClassand pass it to each button. Below ison_clickevent handler that will reset the Text value when "AC" button is clicked:defbutton_clicked(self,e):ife.control.data=="AC":self.result.value="0"With similar approach,button_clickmethod will handle different calculator actions depending ondataproperty for each button. Copy the entire code for this step fromhere.Run the app and see it in the action:Publishing your app​Congratulations! You have created your Calculator app with Flet, and it looks awesome! Now it's time to share your app with the world!Flet Python app and all its dependencies can be packaged into a standalone executable a package for distribution usingflet buildcommand.Follow these instructionsto package your Calculator app into a desktop executable, mobile app bundle or web app.Summary​In this tutorial you have learned how to:Createa simple Flet app;Work withReusable UI components;Design UI layout usingColumn,RowandContainercontrols;Handle events;Publishyour Flet app to multiple platforms;For further reading you can explorecontrolsandexamples repository.We would love to hear your feedback! Please drop us anemail, join the discussion onDiscord.Edit this pagePreviousTo-Do appNextTrello cloneGetting started with FletAdding page controlsBuilding page layoutUsing Container for decorationStyled ControlsReusable UI componentsHandling eventsPublishing your appSummaryDocsIntroductionControls referenceCommunityDiscordStack OverflowMoreBlogGitHubSupportLegalPrivacy policyCopyright © 2024 Appveyor Systems Inc. Built with Docusaurus.
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