Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            ged contact needed for transmission
6 
 
 
 
 
Sites of TB Disease 
• Pulmonary TB occurs in the lungs ,85% of all TB cases are pulmonary 
• Extra pulmonary TB occurs in places other than the lungs, which include: 
– Larynx - Lymph nodes -Brain and spine -Kidneys -Bones and joints 
 
 
Not Everyone Exposed Becomes Infected 
 Probability of transmission depends on: 
- Infectiousness 
- Type of environment 
- Length of exposure 
Symptoms 
 
Although our body may harbor the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB), our immune system usually can 
prevent us from becoming sick. For this reason, doctors make a distinction between: 
 
 
Latent TB. 
 
In this condition, we have a TB infection, but the bacteria remain in our body in an inactive state and 
cause no symptoms. Latent TB, also called inactive TB or TB infection, isn't contagious. It can turn 
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into active TB, so treatment is important for the person with latent TB and to help control the spread 
of TB. 
 
Active TB. This condition makes us sick and in most cases can spread to others. It can occur in the 
first few weeks after infection with the TB bacteria, or it might occur within years later. 
 
When Should You Suspect Tuberculosis (TB)? 
TB disease should be suspected in persons who have the following symptoms: 
 
Unexplained weight loss 
 
Loss of appetite 
 
Night sweats 
- Fever 
- Fatigue. 
 
If TB disease is in the lungs (pulmonary), symptoms may include: 
 
Coughing for longer than 3 weeks 
 
Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) 
 
Chest pain 
If TB disease is in other parts of the body (extra-pulmonary), symptoms will depend on the area affected. 
 
Evaluation of TB disease 
A complete medical evaluation for TB includes the following: 
1. Medical History 
Clinicians should ask about the patient’s history of TB exposure, infection, or disease. It is also 
important to consider demographic factors (e.g., country of origin, age, ethnic or racial group, 
occupation) that may increase the patient’s risk for exposure to TB or to drug-resistant TB. Also, 
clinicians should determine whether the patient has medical conditions, especially HIV infections, 
which increase the risk of latent TB infection progressing to TB disease. 
2. Physical Examination 
A physical exam can provide valuable information about the patient’s overall condition and other 
factors that may affect how TB is treated, such as HIV infection or other illnesses. 
8 
 
 
 
3. Test for TB Infection 
The Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) or the TB blood test can be used to test for M. 
tuberculosis infection. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is performed by injecting a small amount 
of fluid called tuberculin into the skin in the lower part of the arm. The test is read within 48 to 72 
hours by a trained health care worker, who looks for a reaction (induration) on the arm. 
The TB blood test measures the patient’s immune system reaction to M. tuberculosis. 
4. Chest Radiograph (Chest X-ray) 
A posterior-anterior ches

            Quiz: