I  want you to pull from your database of any African American, Afro Caribbean, or African that contributions supported the following information. Also include which CISSP domain they would fall into. lastly . Here is an example 1.	Marie Van Brittan Brown
o	Contribution: As the inventor of the first home security system, Marie Van Brittan Brown developed a system that included a camera, monitor, and remote control—all of which are essential components of access control for physical security. Her invention allowed homeowners to authorize or deny access to their property based on visual confirmation.
o	Related to: Physical Access Control.
 
Review this information:
Lesson Objective: The Network Security Essentials lesson aims to equip participants with a comprehensive understanding of foundational networking concepts, critical network threats, attack vectors, and essential security infrastructure components. By the end of the course, you will be able to identify vulnerabilities within network systems, assess potential cyber threats, and apply appropriate security measures.
Lesson 1: Understanding Computer Networking
Introduction to Networking

 	Definition of Computer Networks: Computer networks are systems of interconnected computers and devices that share resources and communicate with each other. They use standardized communication protocols to facilitate the exchange of data.
 	Importance of Networking in Today's Digital Landscape: Networking is crucial for enabling communication, resource sharing, and collaboration in our increasingly digital world. Businesses rely on networks for operational efficiency, connecting remote employees, and accessing cloud services, making robust network security essential.
Networking Models  

 	OSI Model: The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework used to understand and standardize the functions of a networking system in seven layers:

o	Layer 1: Physical: Deals with the physical connection between devices, including cables and switches.

o	Layer 2 Data Link: This layer ensures the reliable transfer of data across a physical link and manages MAC addresses.

o	Layer 3 Network: Handles routing of data packets through different networks (e.g., IP).

o	Layer 4 Transport: Ensures complete data transfer through protocols like TCP and UDP.

o	Layer 5 Session: Manages sessions between applications (e.g., establishing and terminating connections).

o	Layer 6 Presentation: This layer transforms data into a format suitable for the application layer (e.g., encryption).

o	Layer 7 Application: Contains protocols for specific applications (e.g., HTTP, FTP).

 	TCP/IP Model: Comparison to OSI: The TCP/IP Model, also known as the Internet Protocol Suite, is a more simplified four-layer model:

o	Application Layer: Combines OSI's Application, Presentation, and Session layers.

o	Transport Layer - Corresponds to OSI's Transport layer.

o	Internet Layer - Similar to OSI's Network layer.

o	Link Layer - Corresponds to OSI's Physical and Data Link layers.

 	Protocols overview (TCP, UDP, IP)  

o	TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Connection-oriented protocol ensuring reliable communication through error checking and data retransmission.

o	UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Connectionless protocol that allows faster data transmission without error checking.

o	IP (Internet Protocol): Responsible for addressing and routing packets of data to ensure they reach their intended destinations.
Network Components
Any hardware or software element that is necessary for the functioning of a computer or telecommunications network. These components work together to facilitate data communication, connectivity, management, and overall network performance. 

 	Routers, switches, hubs, and access points:

o	Routers: Devices that forward data packets between networks; they analyze destination IP addresses.

o	Switches: These are used to connect devices within a single network, directing data to specific devices based on MAC addresses.

o	Hubs: Simple networking devices that redistribute data packets to all connected devices but do not filter or direct traffic.

o	Access Points: Allow wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi technology.

 	Server and client roles in networking: 

o	Server: A centralized device that provides resources, services, or data to client devices over a network.

o	Client: Devices (such as computers or mobile phones) that access services from servers.

 	Local Area Networks (LAN) vs. Wide Area Networks (WAN) vs Personal Area Networks:

o	LAN: A network covering a small geographic area, such as a home, office, or building. LANs are generally high-speed and have low latency. 

o	WAN: A network that covers a broad area, often consisting of multiple LANs. They typically have slower speeds and higher latency.

o	PAN: A small network, typically within a range of a few meters, that connects personal devices.
Network Topologies

 	Common topologies (star, ring, mesh, bus)  

o	Star Topology: All devices connect to a central hub/switch. Easy to manage; failure of one device does not affect others.

o	Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a circular format. Each device has two neighbors; a failure in one can disrupt the entire network.

o	Mesh Topology: Every device connects to multiple other devices. Provides redundancy and reliability but is complex and costly.

o	Bus Topology: All devices share a single communication line. This is simple to implement but can be prone to collisions and failure.

 	Pros and cons of each topology

o	Star:
•	Pros: Easy troubleshooting, robust to individual device failures.
•	Cons: Central hub failure causes network disruption.
o	Ring:
•	Pros: Predictable data flow, easy to install.
•	Cons: Failure of a single device can bring down the entire network.
o	Mesh:
•	Pros: Highly reliable and fault-tolerant.
•	Cons: Expensive and complex to install and maintain.
o	Bus: 
•	Pros: Cost-effective and easy to set up.
•	Cons: Limited cable length and number of devices; challenging to troubleshoot.
Basic Networking Devices and Tools

 	Firewalls and intrusion detection systems 

o	Firewalls: Security devices that monitor and filter incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, preventing unauthorized access.

o	Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and alert administrators to potential threats.

 	Introduction to network monitoring tools  
o	Tools such as Wireshark, Nagios, and SolarWinds help monitor network performance, analyze traffic, and identify bottlenecks and anomalies.