Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
             (SNS or voluntary nervous system): The somatic nervous system consists of peripheral nerve fibers that send sensory information to the central nervous system AND motor nerve fibers that project to skeletal muscle.   
DIVISION OF somatic nervous system
The somatic nervous system consists of: 
Sensory ­ nerves :carry information INTO the central nervous system from sense organs.
motor nerves :­ carry information away from the central nervous system (for muscle control)
Autonomic Nervous System 
The autonomic nervous system (ANS or involuntary nervous system): controls smooth muscle of the viscera (internal organs) and glands. 









DIVISION OF Autonomic Nervous System 
The autonomic nervous system is divided into : 
the sympathetic nervous system, 
the parasympathetic nervous system.
Excitable cells
Definition: Refres to the ability of cells to be electrcally excited resulting in the generation of action potential.
Types: 
1- neurons.
2- muscle cells (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth).

Cell of the nervous system   “neuron”
The human body is made up of billions of cells. Cells of the nervous system, called nervecells or neurons,
 are specialized to carry "messages" through an electrochemical process. 
Resting membrane potential
When a neuron is not sending a signal, it is "at rest.
" When a neuron is at rest, the inside of the neuron is negative relative to the outside.
The resting membrane potential of a neuron is about -70 mV(mV=millivolt) - this means that the inside of the neuron is 70 mV less than the outside.  

Membrane permeability
Although the concentrations of the different ions attempt to balance out on both sides of the membrane, they cannot because the cell membrane allows only some ions to pass through channels (ion channels and pumps). 
At rest, potassium ions (K+) can cross through the membrane easily. 
Also at rest, chloride ions (Cl-)and sodium ions (Na+) have a more difficult time crossing.
 The negatively charged protein molecules (A-) inside the neuron cannot cross the membrane.
ACTION POTENTIAL
The action potential is an explosion of electrical
activity that is created by a depolarizing current.
Action potential



Action potential







Electromyogram (EMG) 
Definition: the Electromyogram (EMG) is the record of the potential from muscles during movement.
surface electrode or concentric needle electrode is used in EMG

conduction velocity
latency period is the time between stimulation and the beginning of the response.

the condition of reflexes.
a.	For low stimuli delayed sensory response H is obtained.
b.	For moderate stimuli the motor M response and then the sensory response H are obtained.
c.	For large stimuli only the motor M response is obtained. 

Lecture 2: electromagnetic waves and phototherapy 
Nature of light. 
The Characteristics of Light. 
The Medical Applications of Light.
The Nature of the Light
The Nature of the Light The nature of the light it's much more difficult to understand than that of sound.

            Quiz: