1. Introduction
The Christian Volunteer Service (CVS), a UK-based charity known for implementing programs in times of need, consists of people helping the poor and the vulnerable dating back to the 1860s. Over 4000 employees and the operational network of 260 charity shops make a headway in the operational footprint that CVS has. Nevertheless, the organization is enduring challenges with its current IT infrastructure which carries on despite having legacy and costly systems plus a record of repeated downtimes. This report analyzes the shortfalls of traditional process operations which include data redundancy, low-performance, and poor decision-making, by exploring Cloud-based solutions that will improve processes and operations at CVS. The purpose is to present a strategy involving improvements in the IT infrastructure towards one that is more efficient, robust and affordable while maintaining the business's mission and operational objectives. Besides making the process seamless, this would also enable CVS to capitalize on the potential of new advancements such as improved donor engagement and e-commerce potential.


2. SWOT Analysis of Current and Proposed IT Infrastructure
Current IT Infrastructure

Strengths: The legacy of CVS IT infrastructure, even as outdated, continues to offer a stable backbone for its processing. It helps the organization do all the organizational tasks like, inventory management, sales tracking, accounting (Smith, 2018). The current staff members' familiarity with the former systems is also a merit, requiring less need for training (Smith, 2018).

Weaknesses: The current system expounds a high level of cost to maintain and upgrade (Johnson, 2019). Downtimes are also common, bringing production halt and poor services (Johnson, 2019). Inability to adapt because of low scalability and flexibility also makes it difficult for CVS to adjust to shifting operational needs (Courtney Johnson, 2019).

Proposed Cloud-Based IT Infrastructure
Opportunities: Migrating to a cloud-based system offers numerous opportunities. It provides scalability, allowing CVS to adjust its IT resources based on demand (Brown, 2020). It also offers cost savings, as cloud services operate on a pay-as-you-go model, eliminating the need for significant upfront investment (Brown, 2020). Additionally, cloud services can enhance operational efficiency and enable new capabilities, such as e-commerce and improved donor engagement (Williams, 2021).

Threats: Despite its benefits, cloud migration also presents threats. Data security is a primary concern, as sensitive information will be stored off-premises (Taylor, 2020). There's also the risk of vendor lock-in, which could limit CVS's flexibility in the future (Davis, 2021). Furthermore, the transition could face resistance from employees accustomed to the current systems (Davis, 2021).

Juxtaposition of Current vs. Proposed
The IT infrastructure, relatively stable and familiar, is expensive and inflexible too. More so, the cloud system provides scalability, cost-effectiveness, and additional capabilities than the conventional systems. On the other hand, the emergence of such services gives rise to new challenges, namely the data security and vendor lock-in. In spite of the threats brought about by cloud migration these options coincide with operations and financial goals aimed at CVS more closely and for this reason this move is a very attractive option for the organization's IT strategy in the future.

Despite the reliability in the current CVS IT infrastructure, it is unable to cope with the growth opportunities due to its inflexibility and high maintenance cost (Johnson, 2019). Such outdated systems lead to operational downsizing, service problems, and customers disappointment (Johnson, 2019). Additionally, this factor reduces CVS's scalability and therefore the incapability of it to expand or react to any market changes (Johnson, 2019).

By changing from a traditional IT infrastructure based on the cloud, the company can overcome these limitations by providing scalability and flexibility, which would allow CVS to make its IT resources conform to fluctuating needs. This will allow it to be dynamic and grow. cloud's pay-as-you-go paradigm carries with it the guarantee of cost saving by avoiding large initial investments, and lessened maintenance expenses (Brown, 2020). Furthermore, client services may integrate with eCommerce and donor engagement, giving more flexible answers to the changing demands of CVS’s customers and stakeholders (Williams, 2021). However, even with such issues as the data security and the vendor lock-in, we can state that the cloud infrastructure advantages show that the current system inefficiencies should be addressed (Taylor, 2020; Davis, 2021).

The SWOT analysis reveals that though the IT has been helpful in the past, it cannot cope with the needs of the future. Although the cloud-based infrastructure might be leading to certain risks, at the same time, it gives rise to the number of possibilities which are very much consistent with the strategic goals of CVS. Thus, I suggest that CVS should recover migration process and also keep in mind the possible future problems. This will ensure CVS stays competitive in this digital times, able to meet the ever-changing needs of its customers and stakeholders (Smith, 2018; Johnson, 2019; Brown, 2020; Williams, 2021; Taylor, 2020; Davis, 2021).

3. Cloud Computing Solutions: SaaS, PaaS, & IaaS
Through cloud computing, the traditional IT structure is radically changed, it offers adjustable, scalable and cost-effective solutions at the same time. These solutions are typically categorized into three models: The cloud technology offerings fall into three main categories (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS) (Mell & Grance, 2017).

Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS, software-as-a-service, where the software program is delivered over the internet, usually on a subscription basis. This leads to the abolition of the need for organizations to install their applications on their own computers or data centers also which reduces maintenance costs and support cost of hardware and software (Liu et al., 2018). A vivid example is Salesforce, one of the CRM leaders, that offers many business apps via web interface.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS offers an operational platform to the customers for building, running, as well as managing the applications without the need to create, maintain, and look at their infrastructure usually associated with the development and delivery of applications (Zhang et al., 2017). It provides a platform of tools like development services, database management, business intelligence (BI) services, etc. One clear example of PaaS is Heroku, a cloud application which programs in different languages.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
IaaS’s virtualized computing resources are available on-demand through the internet. It enables maximum flexibility and offers IT resource management control which is similar to on-premise IT resources that most enterprises already own (Gupta et al., 2017). The cloud technology is utilized for different tasks including website hosting, big data analysis, and backup and recovery. Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a well-known first ranked IaaS service provider.


4. Cost Analysis & Recommendations
The adoption of different cloud computing models as a business strategy incorporates benefits and impending costs (Armbrust et al., 2017). 

Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS is the cheapest plan for end users as it eliminates the software installation, maintenance, and upgrade processes. On the other side, the subscription costs accumulate over time and due to no control over the data, additional security investments might be required (Liu et al., 2018). Consequently, a company using Salesforce might, among other things, need to spend more on additional data encryption tools for data privacy purposes.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS may help reduce costs associated with app development and release by making a ready to make use platform available. Consequently, expenses can become burdensome if the usage is boosted more than the subscribed limit (Zhang et al., 2017). For example, Heroku might lead a company to extra spending in case of the traffic growing up dramatically..

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
IaaS as the most flexible model comes with a high cost which is mostly being used in managing and maintaining the infrastructure (Gupta et. al, 2017). For example, an organization adopting AWS could be forced to recruit IT personnel who will be charged with managing the infrastructure.

Recommendations
Organizations need to conduct in-depth cost-benefit analysis to decide on a model of cloud computing. The analysis should involve direct costs the indirect costs like personnel training, data migration, and very likely downtime while the transition is ongoing (Armbrust et al., 2017).
Also, organization should contemplate on using multi-cloud strategy that is (using services from multiple cloud computing services). This is a strategy that enables organizations to cut costs by obtaining the most economical services for every task (Liu et al., 2018).


5. INaaS & BPaaS Proposal
Integration-as-a-Service (INaaS)
INaaS is a cloud-based service used for integrating applications and data sources of a company to achieve centralization (Liu et al., 2017). It can considerably shorten the time spent and money saved by conventional means. For example, a company which adopted MuleSoft's Anypoint Platform can integrate CRM and ERP systems in minutes, rather than months as it used to be when traditional integration methods were implemented.
On the other hand, deploying INaaS entails its own difficulties. The synchronization of old systems might be troublesome and expensive, and the safety of data is the most significant worry (Zhang, et al. 2017). As a result, organisations have to evaluate their risks beforehand for implementing INaaS.

Business Process as a Service (BPaaS)
BPaaS is a clouds-base services that enable companies to outsource their business processes. (Gupta et al., 2017) It can result in considerable savings and additional operational performance improvement. As an illustration, a company that processes payroll with the Advancement of Payroll Processing (ADP) service, it will reduce its payroll management costs, with possibility for using such savings for other more strategic initiatives.
The BPaaS has their own limitations as well. Outsourcing process can cause the quality lapses and the dependence on an outsourcer may create discontinuity risk (Armbrust et al., 2017). Accordingly, companies need to select a suitable BPaaS provider, and condition their services by creating and signing Service Level Agreements (SLAs).

Recommendations
Companies may employ INaaS and BPaaS as part of their digital transformation schemes. These services may lead to substantial financial savings and improved business performance but simultaneously carry risks which have to be guarded against.
Choose MuleSoft’s Anypoint platform and ADP solution for payroll services. Next, look at other popular platforms to obtain a broader understanding of alternative solutions. For example, INaaS platforms like Zapier or IBM App Connect provide INaaS capabilities with application integration, including minimum to no coding involvement (Smith, 2018; Johnson, 2019). BPaaS place relies on platforms like salesforce, which gives customer relationship management services to enhance engagement and performance of work simultaneously with BPaaS services of companies like Pega that are famous for their business process management and customer engagement software (Brown, 2020; Davis, 2021). The integration of such a solution will answer the CVS’ requirement for scalability, security, and efficiency in its digital transformation process.
Before the deployment of INaaS, the risk assessment should be performed, particularly concentrating on data security issues and legacy systems integration (Zhang et al, 2017). Besides, they should plan implementation in a hybrid integration manner, which is a mix of cloud and on-premises methods, intending to counter these risks (Liu et al., 2017).
BPaaS customers have to carefully choose a provider and set up the service level agreement. In addition to this, they need to adopt multi-vendor strategies so as to avoid a single point of failure (Gupta et al., 2017).


6. Sustainability & Cloud Provider Green Credentials
Sustainability is what makes cloud providers attractive. Now, companies are focusing on greener credentials as part of their CSR measures, according to Jones et al. (2017).
Google Cloud sells renewable energy, on a scale of 100%, showing how much it cares about ecology (Hölzle, 2017). This not only helps reducing the organization's carbon footprint but also wins over environmental conscious consumers.
In addition, promoting environmental sustainability has been an area of growth for Microsoft Azure. The organization has vowed to be carbon negative by 2030 and created a $1 billion climate innovation fund that is dedicated to resolving carbon emission issues too (Smith, 2020).
The greenness of cloud providers should be also tested. Some services get certificates of green attributes (RECs) to state they are 100% powered by renewable energy. While RECs can help the renewable energy sector to be in proper operation, they cannot guarantee all the power used by the provider is renewable (Huang et al., 2017).


Conclusion
In an age of digitization, cloud services are the base for the business world. In fact, the environmental implications of such services cannot be ignored. As presented above these cloud providers, Google Cloud and Microsoft Azure, have achieved notable strides and set up commendable targets, moreover, they invest massively in renewable energy sources.
Nevertheless, it is important that the organizations check the validity of environmental claims coming from the providers. Using Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) is not the same as being able to consume electricity that has been fully created from renewable power. Additionally, the ecological impact of data centers which is not given much prominence is a major determinant of a data provider's ecological footprint.
Finally, while green cloud solutions are a positive move, enterprises are not to be closed minded, rather, get into the details of the providers to ensure they are aligned with the existing CSR strategy as used internationally. Moreover, a forum for all the international stakeholders to show unity and protect the environment in general also should be created.


The above is my report and i want to make some adjustments.

Rewrite the "INaaS & BPaaS Proposal" section to contain every little detail it currently contains, and in addition to it, i want you to now give me actual cost breakdown for CVS over the space of 3 years. The service provider i have chosen is Microsoft Azure. The cloud service i choose is INaas.