You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]



270 S.W.3d 657 (2008)
Marshall ADAMS, Jr., Appellant,
v.
The STATE of Texas, State.
Nos. 2-07-263-CR, 2-07-264-CR.
Court of Appeals of Texas, Fort Worth.
August 29, 2008.
*658 Mary B. Thornton, Fort Worth, TX, for Appellant.
Tim Curry, Criminal District Attorney, Charles M. Mallin, Assistant Criminal District Attorney, Chief of Appellate Section, C. James Gibson and Tameika Badger, Assistant Criminal District Attorneys, Tarrant County, TX, for State.
Panel: LIVINGSTON, HOLMAN, and GARDNER, JJ.

OPINION
TERRIE LIVINGSTON, Justice.

Introduction
Appellant Marshall Adams, Jr. appeals his convictions for theft of a vehicle and evading arrest or detention using a vehicle. In his sole point, appellant contends that the trial court erred by denying his motion to suppress the evidence obtained using a "bait" vehicle. We affirm.


*659 Background Facts
The Fort Worth Police Department's Covert Organized Bait Recovery and Apprehension (COBRA) program deploys "bait" vehicles in areas of the City with a high rate of auto thefts. According to the testimony of Fort Worth Detective Ward Robinson, who was a part of the auto theft unit for six years, a bait car is any vehicle equipped by the City to catch persons who have a tendency to commit car thefts. The COBRA vehicles are equipped with a computer monitoring system that remotely controls a GPS system, door locks, and an engine kill switch that turns the vehicle off. In addition, the vehicle has monitoring equipment that covertly alerts police whenever the car has been opened, entered, or moved in any way. After the computer system is activated by a person who opens and enters the vehicle, on-board recording devices are activated to visually and audibly record what takes place in the vehicle.
On June 30, 2006, police used a 1999 Ford Expedition sport utility vehicle (SUV) as a bait car and placed it on Crenshaw Street in the Poly Tech area of Fort Worth. The police left the SUV with the doors unlocked, the windows down, and the keys sitting in plain sight on the console. In the early morning of June 30, police received a report that the system in that car had detected that the door had been opened and that there was movement within the vehicle. After being alerted by dispatch that the SUV was now mobile, police moved into a position to intercept it. Once police spotted the described vehicle and matched the license plate, they pulled out behind it and activated their overhead lights. The driver of the SUV responded to the police action by speeding off and leading the police on a multi-block chase that culminated in the SUV crashing into a parked vehicle. Once the SUV came to a stop, appellant, who had been driving, fled the vehicle on foot, but police eventually apprehended him.
A trial court subsequently found appellant guilty of theft of a vehicle and evading arrest or detention using a vehicle and assessed punishment at fifteen years' confinement. Appellant timely filed this appeal.

Standard of Review
We review a trial court's ruling on a motion to suppress evidence under a bifurcated standard of review. Amador v. State, 221 S.W.3d 666, 673 (Tex.Crim.App. 2007); Guzman v. State, 955 S.W.2d 85, 89 (Tex.Crim.App.1997). In reviewing the trial court's decision, we do not engage in our own factual review. Romero v. State, 800 S.W.2d 539, 543 (Tex.Crim.App.1990); Best v. State, 118 S.W.3d 857, 861 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth 2003, no pet.). The trial judge is the sole trier of fact and judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Wiede v. State, 214 S.W.3d 17, 24-25 (Tex.Crim. App.2007); State v. Ross, 32 S.W.3d 853, 855 (Tex.Crim.App.2000), modified on other grounds by State v. Cullen, 195 S.W.3d 696 (Tex.Crim.App.2006). Therefore, we give almost total deference to the trial court's rulings on (1) questions of historical fact, even if the trial court's determination of those facts was not based on an evaluation of credibility and demeanor, and (2) application-of-law-to-fact questions that turn on an evaluation of credibility and demeanor. Amador, 221 S.W.3d at 673; Montanez v. State, 195 S.W.3d 101, 108-09 (Tex.Crim.App.2006); Johnson v. State, 68 S.W.3d 644, 652-53 (Tex.Crim.App.2002). But when application-of-law-to-fact questions do not turn on the credibility and demeanor of the witnesses, we review the trial court's rulings on those questions de novo. Amador, 221 S.W.3d at 673; Estrada *660 v. State, 154 S.W.3d 604, 607 (Tex.Crim. App.2005); Johnson, 68 S.W.3d at 652-53.
Stated another way, when reviewing the trial court's ruling on a motion to suppress, we must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court's ruling. Wiede, 214 S.W.3d at 24; State v. Kelly, 204 S.W.3d 808, 818 (Tex.Crim.App.2006). When the trial court makes explicit fact findings, we determine whether the evidence, when viewed in the light most favorable to the trial court's ruling, supports those fact findings. Kelly, 204 S.W.3d at 818-19. We then review the trial court's legal ruling de novo unless its explicit fact findings that are supported by the record are also dispositive of the legal ruling. Id. at 819.
When the record is silent on the reasons for the trial court's ruling, or when there are no explicit fact findings and neither party timely requested findings and conclusions from the trial court, we imply the necessary fact findings that would support the trial court's ruling if the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the trial court's ruling, supports those findings. Id.; see Amador, 221 S.W.3d at 673; Wiede, 214 S.W.3d at 25. We then review the trial court's legal ruling de novo unless the implied fact findings supported by the record are also dispositive of the legal ruling. Kelly, 204 S.W.3d at 819.
We must uphold the trial court's ruling if it is supported by the record and correct under any theory of law applicable to the case even if the trial court gave the wrong reason for its ruling. State v. Stevens, 235 S.W.3d 736, 740 (Tex.Crim.App.2007); Armendariz v. State, 123 S.W.3d 401, 404 (Tex.Crim.App.2003), cert. denied, 541 U.S. 974, 124 S.Ct. 1883, 158 L.Ed.2d 469 (2004).

Analysis
Appellant contends that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his motion to suppress evidence obtained using the bait car because the use of bait cars violates article 2.13 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. See TEX.CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 2.13 (Vernon 2005). Specifically, appellant argues that by leaving the SUV's doors unlocked, the windows rolled down, and the keys on the console, the police facilitated the theft of the bait car in violation of their duty to prevent or suppress crime and in violation of public policy. See id.
This case appears to be an issue of first impression. When discerning the meaning of a statute, we begin with its plain language. Getts v. State, 155 S.W.3d 153, 155 (Tex.Crim.App.2005); Boykin v. State, 818 S.W.2d 782, 785 (Tex.Crim.App. 1991). We focus our attention on the literal text of the statute in question. Getts, 155 S.W.3d at 155; Boykin, 818 S.W.2d at 785. If that language is clear and unambiguous, the plain meaning of those words is applied. Getts, 155 S.W.3d at 155; Boykin, 818 S.W.2d at 785; State v. Verhoeven, 151 S.W.3d 637, 639 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2004, pet. ref'd). But if the plain language leads to an absurd result that the legislature could not have possibly intended, or if the language is ambiguous, we may consider extra-textual factors to determine the statute's meaning. Getts, 155 S.W.3d at 155; Boykin, 818 S.W.2d at 785; Verhoeven, 151 S.W.3d at 639. For example, if a statute may be interpreted reasonably in two different ways, a court may consider the consequences of differing interpretations in deciding which interpretation to adopt. Verhoeven, 151 S.W.3d at 639. If one interpretation yields absurd results while the other interpretation yields no such absurdities, the latter interpretation is preferred. Id.
The Texas Code of Criminal Procedure article 2.13 provides

*661 (a) It is the duty of every peace officer to preserve the peace within the officer's jurisdiction. To effect this purpose, the officer shall use all lawful means.
(b) The officer shall:
(1) In every case authorized by the provisions of this code, interfere without warrant to prevent or suppress crime.
TEX.CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 2.13.
Generally, the legislature determines public policy. FM Props. Operating Co. v. City of Austin, 22 S.W.3d 868, 873 (Tex. 2000) (holding power to make rules and determine public policy is legislative); Westchester Fire Ins. Co. v. Admiral Ins. Co., 152 S.W.3d 172, 182 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2004, pet. denied). Courts look to state statutes and judicial decisions to determine public policy. Westchester, 152 S.W.3d at 182. Additionally, our supreme court is highly deferential to the legislature when determining this state's public policy, stating that
[p]ublic policy ... is a term of vague and uncertain meaning, which it pertains to the law-making power to define, and courts are apt to encroach upon the domain of that branch of government if they characterize a transaction as invalid because it is contrary to public policy, unless the transaction contravenes some positive statute or some well-established rule of law.
Tex. Commerce Bank, N.A. v. Grizzle, 96 S.W.3d 240, 250 (Tex.2002); Westchester, 152 S.W.3d at 182.
Appellant alleges that a bait car program violates law enforcement's duty to preserve peace and prevent and suppress crime. Appellant attempts to distinguish his case from Phillips v. State, which, although involving a different statute, is similar in that it involves a situation in which police provided an opportunity to commit a crime. 161 S.W.3d 511, 511 (Tex.Crim. App.2005). In that case, the court of criminal appeals held that a minor informant recruited by a Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission (TABC) agent to enforce the alcoholic beverage code through conducting a sting operation inside a bar was not a criminal trespasser. Id. The Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code expressly provides that minors cannot be held criminally liable for possession or purchase of alcohol if they are assisting TABC officers. See TEX. ALCO. BEV.CODE ANN. § 101.04 (Vernon Supp.2008); Phillips, 161 S.W.3d at 514. The court stated that it would be absurd for the legislature to pass such legislation if it did not also intend for the minors to have access to the targets of the sting operations without being held criminally liable for trespass. Id. Additionally, the court noted that a "no trespassing by persons under 21" sign could not be applicable to confidential informants because it would destroy the State's ability to create the opportunity required to effectuate an undercover sting. Id. at 514-15. Such an interpretation would render many of the alcoholic beverage code provisions regarding the sale of alcohol to minors practically unenforceable. Id. at 515. Further, the court also held that no laws were violated by police officers in such a situation. Id.
Whether using a bait car or a minor informant, the police are providing an opportunity for criminals to act illegally in an effort to enforce a particular law. Just as preventing a peace officer's ability to create an opportunity for alcohol to be sold to minors does not conflict with legislative intent to enforce the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code, preventing police from using bait cars to create an opportunity for thieves to steal vehicles does not conflict with code of criminal procedure article 2.13. See id. Bait car programs do not conflict with article 2.13 because the use of bait cars allows police to catch criminals that have already decided to steal vehicles, *662 regardless of whether the vehicle is a bait car.
Here, construing the plain language of the statute to allow the use of a bait car program does not lead to absurd results unintended by the legislature because, by utilizing the bait car program in areas with a high rate of auto thefts, the police fulfill their duty to suppress crime by apprehending those already inclined to steal cars, thus providing a deterrence to auto theft.
Appellant also argues that the police's action in baiting people to steal vehicles violates public policy as a matter of law. Although the legislature has not expressly authorized bait car programs, neither has it prohibited such programs. We have already determined that the bait car program does not conflict with article 2.13 of the code of criminal procedure; likewise, public policy concerns of preventing auto thefts outweigh any competing concern about the participation of police in such programs.
Moreover, although appellant specifically denied that he was making an entrapment argument at trial, appellant's argument that the police violated their duty by facilitating the crime appears to be such a defense. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 8.06 (Vernon 2003). However, an entrapment defense does not apply when police merely afford a person the opportunity to commit a crime. Reese v. State, 877 S.W.2d 328, 333 (Tex.Crim.App.1994); Barnes v. State, 70 S.W.3d 294, 304 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth, 2002, pet. ref'd). When the criminal intent originates in the mind of the accused, the fact that police provided the opportunity for the crime to be committed is not a defense to prosecution. Barnes, 70 S.W.3d at 304. Thus, the Fort Worth bait car program does not constitute entrapment because the police did not induce appellant into driving a car that he was not entitled to operate. This court has so held in the past. See Keeton v. State, No. 02-07-00243-CR, 2008 WL 755294, at *3 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth Mar.20, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (holding that a Fort Worth bait car merely afforded appellant the opportunity to steal a truck and officers did not, in any way, entrap him).
Because we hold that a bait car program does not violate law enforcement's duty to prevent and suppress crime under article 2.13, nor does it violate the public policy of the State of Texas, we further hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying appellant's motion to suppress the evidence. We overrule his sole point.

Conclusion
Having overruled appellant's sole point, we affirm the trial court's judgment.