resume and translate the resume to spanish: Science of Psilocybin - How it Works & Why it Exists - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nM8zPpgYAds

Transcript:
(00:00) [Music] psychedelic mushrooms have increased incredibly in popularity in the last few years micro doing macro doing heroing in the news we find promises that these mushrooms can cure depression and anxiety and can even help us be more productive but what is actually happening inside of these mythical organisms I'm of fungi Academy and I've been growing solosy mushrooms for over 12 years and since 2019 have thought tens of thousands of microf files from all over the world about these extraordinary organisms
(00:44) cybin it all started in a SOS lab in Switzerland when Albert Hoffman the same man responsible for the creation of lsd2 got sent some interesting mushrooms from Mexico by a controversial amateur myologist with th to the CIA more on him later while studying the mushrooms he isolated two molecules that he deemed responsible for the psychoactive effect of these sacred mushrooms he named these molecules psilocybin and psilocin after the genus of his specimens the genus cilos meaning the underwhelming pilo bear and sibe head
(01:21) bareheaded mushrooms cilos mushrooms belonging to this genus grow all over the world and most members are capable of producing these wonderful molecules that we know and love Albert specimens are known as solos Mexicana also known as Los n Santos or pajaritos these were the most sacred mushrooms to Maria Sabina and other Maz kuras in the mountains of Waka and other Healers of indigenous population of the meso American Highlands Maria Sabina was a powerful Medicine Woman known as Asia belonging to a line of indigenous wisdom Keepers
(02:01) who kept the sacred cultural use of psychedelic mushrooms alive despite hundreds of years of colonization and active efforts of the church to eradicate these practices in the 1950s she was visited by American banker and CIA operative Gordon Watson who wrote an article in Time magazine called seeking the magic mushroom by sharing her culture with Gordon wlson Maria Sabina unknowingly helped start a massive migration of North Americans into her sacred lands that left the mountains of Waka and Maria sabina's life changed
(02:38) forever after giving the mushrooms to Gordon wson the spirit of the mushrooms stopped talking to her her community ostracized her burned her house and led to the death of one of her sons her generous sharing of her tradition with a stranger let to betrayal and upheaval although many people including Gordon wson made fortunes from these mushrooms Maria Sabina died in poverty in 1985 suffering from malnutrition later in life but as the tragedy of the neocolonialism continued in the mountains of Waka people started finding
(03:16) out that these mushrooms don't only grow in Mexico currently there are about 165 species of Sosi known to science interestingly enough you see Memes flying around like magic mushrooms grow from so can you but in reality most psychoactive mushrooms do not grow from at all globally you have a higher chance of finding these mushrooms on wood chips large grasslands or musty Forest floors than you have finding onong solos kenson and sosby Atlantis are the only mushrooms in the genus solosy that I am aware of that grow in dong and most
(03:57) people haven't even heard of solosy Atlantis before we dive deep into saloop kenives and his alkaloids I want to talk about the other Gena that produce these alkaloids although the copies are the most abundant magic mushroom by far through horizontal Gene transfer the ability to produce psilocybin and other active compounds present in these mushrooms has passed over to other Genera most notably some mushrooms in the genus panas these also grow in Kong but are significantly smaller and sometimes referred to as blue meis
(04:30) living gems are a dozen or so species of mushroom belonging to the genus ginop pilus that have been found to contain cybin and cin as well there are also mushrooms in the Genera plutus kosi inosi fona and even a single Mushroom in the genus gallerina that has been found with these psychedelic alkaloids the latter is best avoided since a close family member of ganar stei is not known as the deadly ganar for nothing although there are over 200 species of psychotic mushrooms in the wild if you ever had a psychotic
(05:03) mushroom experience it is very likely you've only ever had one species of mushroom and that species is philosopy census also known as the magic mushroom shroom golden Halo Cube gold cap golden teacher Sunny Cedro or as we call them in the Netherland Theo and not to forget the hundreds if not thousands of strains that have emerged from cultivating this mushroom some examples are B positive mcken penis envy tidal wave hillbilly Enigma and I could keep going here for a while all these varieties belonging to only one
(05:42) speci of mushroom and that's solos census solos pensis was first described in 1906 in Kuba but unlike the name suggest pensis actually Grows All Over the tropics and the subtropics of our planet I have personally found them in Southeast Asia Australia austalia and Central America but I know that people have found them from subsaharan Africa to India and even in the southeast of the United States although there seems to be large morphological differences a study published in December 2023 showcased that cultivated kubanza specimens showed
(06:19) less genetic diversity than their wild counterparts in popular terms a cube is a cube although there is something to be said about albino varieties being higher in concentration of active alkaloids as is showcased by cybin cups competitions that are held to reward the grower of the most potent mushroom maybe you have heard of penis envy being strong golden teacher being mellow hillbilly being good for walks through the forests be positive being good for telepathically connecting to your pets or whatever else people have
(06:58) come up with these days although these stories can be comforting for some or frightening to others there's absolutely no scientific backing for any of these statements and even the most veteran mushroom eaters are unlikely to tell one variety from another so take all of these stories with a grain of salt and remember a cube is a cube so why do these organisms create these alkaloids how do they work on our brain and what's in it for the mushroom in January 2024 researchers completed the biggest genomic diversity for the
(07:34) genus philosophy and found that the genus originated significantly sooner than previously thought around 65 million years ago when T-Rex was possibly still ruling the Earth the Gen is arose and with them the genes capable of producing our beloved alkaloids that raised the question did dinosaurs get high on the same alkaloids that we have been for the old school meme Lords out there the philosoph Raptor might have actually existed the giant meteor that soon followed unfortunately wiped any philosop Raptor off the face of the
(08:09) Earth before they could figure out democracy but amidst the catastrophe the coces survived it's still unknown why these organisms spend precious resources to produce our beloved alkaloids what's the evolutionary benefit was it just to get us and perhaps the dinosaurus side some scientists argue that psilocybin and citizen would confuse potential insects trying to eat the mushrooms some say that the toxicity would make larger animals vomit up the spores so they leave the digestive tract before being fully digested but as many scientists
(08:47) noted solos mushrooms appear infrequently and it would be unlikely for animals to see them often enough to start recognizing a nonideal food source even with that said there are plenty of Little Critters that happily consume our beloved solos mushrooms and if we look at the purpose of any Mushroom in the natural world they exist to spread spores having little insects creep and crawl up in the gills will have them covered in microscopic spores and that will then spread around the ecosystem a recent hypothesis has
(09:21) pointed out that just after the impact of the asteroids both fungi and slogs and other gastropods prevaled in the rubble of the Earth so some scientists believe that cybin prevaled as a form of sneil detergent but there's no compelling evidence that shows how our favorite alkaloids would repel these slimy creatures to get into some other ideas on why psilocin and psilocybin evolved and are still present in some of the world's favorite mushrooms we have to understand the neurochemical function of these
(09:53) alkaloids when consumed cybin is rapidly metabolized in the liver and turns into czon this is crucial because without this metabolization psilocybin would not be biologically active in humans or insects we often refer to psilocybin mushrooms instead of psin mushrooms because it's a lot more stable of a molecule psin reacts very intensely to oxygen degrading very rapidly and leaving the infamous bluing after the alkaloid has oxidized after the psilocybin is metabolized into picin the pilic starts moving through the body until it Finds
(10:32) Its home and connects to serotonin receptors in the brain most notably the 5 h2a receptor that's also involved in the Psychedelic effect of LSD MDMA masculine and a ple of other psychotic substances when a substance binds to this receptor or similar receptors present in the nervous system of other mammals reptiles fish insects and arets they produce the infamous psychedelic state in flies suppression of this neurotransmitter is known to decrease appetites but is that truly the sole reason why czen and cyon exist on this
(11:16) planet I don't think so and I'm sure that if you're familiar with teren McKenna's outrageous fabulous stoned ape Theory you agree with me if you're not familiar with this idea just yet I encourage you to pause this video and watch Paul stem's incredible overview of the hypothesis right here now you're familiar with the stone Abe we're going to build upon Paul's explanation of McKenna's idea although we're not focusing on what I'm about to share I can't stop myself sharing
(11:48) McKenna's hilarious idea that low doses of psychoactive mushrooms would potentially be aphrodisiacal and therefore stimulate our protohuman ancestors to have large mushroom fueled orgies leading to groups that would consume these mushrooms more frequently to have more offspring that sounds like a lot of fun but I'm more interested in the relation between cybin and language I believe that most if not all fungi are intelligent sentient and conscious they simply can't interact with our world in the same way that we interact with our
(12:25) environment fungi interact with our world through biochemistry and I think that ciyon and citizen are meant to act as a bridge of communication between animals and the fungal realm to understand how this might work we have to dive into the default mode Network the default mode network is in charge of our normal waking consciousness I see it as a little person in your head processing all the information that it receives from different parts of the brain into coherent structure the default mode Network can act as a gatekeeper to
(13:06) filter out any noise from the universe that might interfere with our survival all in all a great tool to have but unfortunately in our modern lives the dmn is completely overloaded leading dist stress anxiety and the many other mental illnesses that are a plague over time psilocybin but also Al other tryptamines and even meditation have been shown through functional magnetic resonance imaging technology to quiet this filter by essentially turning off this part of our brain allowing us to connect to Consciousness
(13:47) unfiltered Rupert sheldrick a contemporary and good friend of McKenna talks about morphic fields of Consciousness able to be tapped into while we are in these EXP anded States it's in one of these fields that I believe that fungi can communicate with humans it's in one of these fields that I believe that fungi taught our ancestors language it's an outrageous way of saying that in these expanded States our protohuman ancestors got inspired to try and verbally communicate their thoughts and ideas language is attractive to all of
(14:29) us yes we can feel attracted to somebody's physical shapes or phermones but true connection takes place through the way that we communicate with one another I'm pretty sure that you watching right now just like me are attracted to individuals that are funny that are good at communicating their emotions that might share inspiring ideas or communicate through their Arts the specifics are all relative but in general the way that we communicate attracts us to to others so instead of looking at the stoned ape through
(15:02) epigenetic neurogenesis I prefer to look at it through the scope of language the individuals that were most open to the linguistic lessons of the mushrooms probably rose up as kind and courageous leaders those leaders have more offspring and pass down the genes and skills of the Mastery of language to their descendants continuing that line for millions of years until we arrive to anatomically similar humans around 300,000 years ago for decades this was just a hypothesis and honestly without a time machine or some other
(15:39) groundbreaking technology that I can't even imagine we will probably never know for sure but in January of 2024 the scientific journal brain published an article called a role for the serotonin to a receptor in the expansion and functioning of the human transm Moto cortex this study show the connection to the stimulation of the serotonin to a receptor stimulation as we see coming in contact with cybin and other tryptamines and the rapid expansion of our brain size potentially grounding teranes in the rationale of
(16:19) science we might have co-evolved with this fungi we might utilize siloc cybin to communicate with extraterrestrial intelligences those ideas are exciting and Incredibly interesting but not as incredible as the actual change that these magical alkaloids bring to people's lives hundreds of studies and we're just getting started have shown that well-prepared guided sessions can have astounding results on the lives of people with treatment resistant depression PTSD eating disorders and a plethora of other mental illnesses as of
(16:55) recording this siloc cyber mushrooms seem to be de Cure for our society's sicknesses I do like to remind you watching right now that we're working with organisms not molecules a recent study showcased that hot water extraction of cilos censis this is also known as a tea seem to have a higher success rate in helping people with treatment decision depression than the synthesized cybin counterparts this shows us that the entire mushroom chemical cocktail is made to be consumed and it's entirety not in individual
(17:33) alkaloids I think we are on the recipe of something great we still have to tread with caution I wish it was as easy as giving all the world leaders mushrooms and our problems would be over but while creating a better future we have to learn from our past the hippies in the 1960s and the 70s hoped that dosing the water supply with LSD would make for a better world But as time went on their contemporaries got over the fat and thousands of them somehow still became Bankers politicians lawyers and can go on continuing the red race they
(18:10) envisioned to escape in their 20s and 30s going further back Emperor mzuma The Last Emperor of what we now call the AIC Empire famously consumed deako which means the Divine flesh or the Flesh of the Gods to try and commune with wit Le or Bley the War gods in hopes of getting some groundbreaking advice in his war against the Spanish the Aztecs were both famous for their consumption of psychotic mushrooms and their brutal violent rule showcasing that cocy mushrooms don't by definition make better people psychedelic mushrooms have
(18:47) obviously had an incredibly profound impact on my life and the lives of those that I know those mushrooms are no Silver Bullet cure all and all the mushroom might show you the mountain but you still have to climb it it's our Birthright to work with these mushrooms if we do so desire and most issues that arise are because these magical healers are illegal forcing people to consume them in nonideal sets and settings even with all that against us the World Health Organization amongst many other institutes believe cybin to be the
(19:28) safest psycho itive substance if we spend the next decades refining our ways to prepare for these Journeys to create safer spaces to work with the mushrooms and for sharpening our tools to integrate the lessons from the experience I truly believe that these fungal allies can increase the quality of life for billions of people around the world you made it until the end thank you so much for staying with us throughout the whole video it's always such an honor to be working with the incredibly talented people of after
(19:59) school and if you want more free myology based content right here on YouTube I'd love for you to check out our YouTube channel fungi Academy you can find a link in the description but for now thank you so much for watching really do appreciate it I hope you have a great day and see you next time