A lack of perceived personal responsibility, minimization of feelings of guilt, and looking to others for guidance when someone needs help are all characteristics of                .
Question 1 options:


bystander effect


negative state relief


altruism


prosocial behavior

Which of the following individuals is displaying altruism?
Question 2 options:


A person who wants to help others based purely on helping and not getting a reward.


A person who modifies his behavior because he doesn't want to be perceived negatively by others.


A person who decides to help because the benefits to themselves outweigh the costs of helping.


A person who works in his own self-interest because he believes that is the correct thing to do.

Which of the following statements concerning prosocial behavior is MOST accurate?
Question 3 options:


Only negative affect tends to increase prodigal behavior.


Only positive affect has been found to increase prosocial behavior.


While negative affect like guilt tends to increase helping, good moods tend to decrease it.


Positive affect, along with certain forms of negative affect (like guilt), tend to increase helping.

Amy is walking across campus and sees someone on her hands & knees looking for a ring that slipped off her finger. Which of the following possibilities is FALSE, according to the empathy-altruism hypothesis?
Question 4 options:


Amy doesn't feel empathy toward the person and doesn't think she has much to gain by helping, but she decides to help the person look for the ring anyway.


Amy feels empathy toward the person, so she will probably stop and help the stranger look for the ring, regardless of whether it is in her self-interest to do so.


Amy doesn't feel empathy toward the person, but she recognizes her as a TA in her English class. Amy really wants to get a good grade in that class, so she will probably stop and help her TA look for the ring.


Amy feels empathy toward the person, but she doesn't think she has much to gain by helping, so she decides not to help the person looking for the ring.

Derek lives in a large apartment building. Late one night, he hears a scream coming from just outside his window. He is pretty sure that the person needs help because the person yelled, "Help me! I think I broke my leg!" Derek goes back to sleep only to find out the next day that the person was on the ground for 45 mins before someone helped. Which of the following best explains why Derek didn't help?
Question 5 options:


Negative state relief


Pluralistic ignorance.


He didn't interpret it as an emergency.


A diffusion of responsibility.

Which of the following is the BEST description of the empathy-altruism model of prosocial behavior?
Question 6 options:


People will only help those they feel empathy for.


People will help those they feel empathy for, regardless of what they might gain from helping.


People will help those who they know will help them in return.


People will help those in need if they are the only witness present.

Jill thinks that homeless people are responsible for their suffering. According to the attribution-affect model, Jill will likely experience                 when a homeless person asks her for help, leading her to               the homeless person.
Question 7 options:


Disgust; not help


Sympathy; help


Disgust; help


Sympathy; not help

New York City has a very high population density, while Kansas City has relatively low population density. According to research on prosocial behavior, which of the following is most likely true of these cities on average?
Question 8 options:


People will be equally likely to help each other in both cities


People in Kansas City will be more likely to help those in need


Population density does not matter for helping behavior


People in New York City will be more likely to help those in need

The basic idea of the negative state relief hypothesis is:
Question 9 options:


individuals experiencing negative emotions are motivated to help in order to relieve their unpleasant state.


emergency situations generate negative moods.


victims in negative moods are helped less.


relieving a negative mood in the victim is why people help.

Which of the following is NOT a step in helping someone in an emergency situation?
Question 10 options:


Decide how to help


Interpret the event as an emergency


Assume responsibility


Ignoring the situation

Laura volunteers to tutor children who are struggling in school, even though it costs her time and money, because she once struggled as a student and thus know what these students are going through. This example best fits which idea?
Question 11 options:


Empathy-altruism model


Kin selection


Norm of reciprocity


Negative state relief hypothesis

Which of the following most likely is motivated by the norm of reciprocity?
Question 12 options:


Monique thinks her boyfriend should drive her to work because that is what good boyfriends are supposed to do


James loans his friend some money because he knows his friend is struggling financially


Joan tries to guilt her parents into giving her money to buy get her car repaired


Nick helps his friend move because he knows he himself will need to ask for help moving later in the semester

A boxer punches his opponent as hard as he can to cause as much harm as possible. He does not punch him because he is upset at his opponent. He does it because he wants to win the boxing match. This is an example of                  aggression.
Question 13 options:


instrumental


affective


verbal


implicit

                     are global feelings (developed early in infancy) about the nature and worth of close relationships and other people's trustworthiness.
Question 14 options:


Romantic schemas


Relational self-esteem


Working models of relationships


Comparison level for alternatives

                    is the tendency for relationship partners to think of themselves as intertwined, or as a couple instead of two separate individuals (in other words, "we/us" instead of "you and me").
Question 15 options:


Mutuality


Commitment


Parasocial relationship


Independence

In the "strange situation" paradigm, a child who is only mildly and briefly upset when the mother leaves and pleased by the mother's return likely has which attachment style?
Question 16 options:


Ambivalent


Anxious


Avoidant


Secure

According to research on media violence, the more a person identifies with a character they see engaging in filmed violence:
Question 17 options:


The more likely they are to aggress


The less likely they are to aggress


The more likely they are to experience negative emotions


The less likely they are to further consume violent media

According to Sternberg's triangle model, the ideal, "consumate love" involves which elements?
Question 18 options:


Passion and intimacy


Commitment


Passion, intimacy, and commitment


Fatuous love

                      aggression occurs when one does not respond to an initial provocation but later, when faced with a second provocation, responds more aggressively than would otherwise be warranted by the second provocation alone.
Question 19 options:


Triggered displaced


Instrumental


Violent


Provoked

Vince is angry at his boss and goes home and yells at his husband. This BEST represents                     aggression.
Question 20 options:


necessary


displaced


violent


instrumental

                         is the tendency for the mere presence of firearms to increase the likelihood of aggression, especially when people are frustrated.
Question 21 options:


Microaggression


The weapons effect


Displacement


The shooter bias

Research rooted in the neoassocationism model suggests that three factors contribute to aggression. Which of the following is NOT one of those three factors?
Question 22 options:


Hostile feelings


Unpleasant/stressful conditions


Gender


Cues associated with aggression

Greg has trouble depending on people in close relationships, instead preferring to rely on himself. He consistently tends to cut romantic partners off when he feels they are getting to close to him. Greg is most likely…
Question 23 options:


Dismissive (avoidant)


Secure


Preoccupied (anxious)


Fearful (anxious and avoidant)

Research shows that media (movies, video games) that depict                        images of violence is more likely to lead to aggressive tendencies in viewers.
Question 24 options:


graphic, grotesque


"sanitized," non-grotesque 


absolutely no


very few

Research shows that people are more likely to engage in aggressive tendencies when the temperature is hot outside. This is evidence that                      is associated with more aggressive tendencies.
Question 25 options:


spending time at beaches


rejection


cues associated with aggression


stressors/unpleasant conditions

While driving on the highway, Stacy sees an image of a rifle on the back of another car. Shortly after, after being cut off by another vehicle, Stacy honks for an unnecessarily long amount of time and curses at the other driver. This is BEST considered an example of what psychological phenomenon?
Question 26 options:


The role of rejection


The weapons effect


Gender differences in aggression


Instrumental aggression

Dana always smothers relationship partners with praise and affection in order to cope with her fears of being abandoned. Dana most likely possesses a                   attachment style.
Question 27 options:


Dismissive (avoidant)


Secure


Fearful (anxious and avoidant)


Preoccupied (anxious)

Alyssa joins a gang and starts to believe that she needs a reputation as strong and dangerous. She comes to believe that her reputation and status are worth protecting, by violent means if necessary. It would be MOST accurate to say that Alyssa is adopting the beliefs associated with                       .
Question 28 options:


cultures of pacifism 


collectivistic cultures


cultures of aggression


cultures of honor

Which of the following is NOT an example of a climate justice issue?
Question 29 options:


Climate change will affect all people regardless of wealth and geography


Sea-level rise already impacts low-income and island countries more than high-income countries


People in southside Tucson already face worse extreme heat than people in the Northeast of Tucson


People of color are more anxious about climate change than white people in the United States

When trying to convince someone to believe in climate change, it is important to use culturally matched messaging. The study by Dixon and colleagues (2017) showed that using messaging about _________ increased belief in climate change among _________.
Question 30 options:


free-market solutions to climate change; conservatives


democratic solutions to climate change; liberals


free-market solutions to climate change; liberals


free-market solutions to climate change; libertarians

Which of the following is an example of "structural stigma" surrounding sexual minority individuals?
Question 31 options:


APA no longer identifying homosexuality as a disorder


Obergefell v. Hodges Supreme Court Case (which codified gay marriage)


living in a state with several protections for lesbian, gay, and bisexual people


living in a state with no legal protections for lesbian, gay, and bisexual people

According to research on defensive homophobia, some heterosexual people feel _______ about their own sexual or gender identity, so they __________ homosexual individuals as a coping mechanism.
Question 32 options:


insecure; derogate


secure; derogate


secure; defend


insecure; defend

According to the research using Fiske's Stereotype Content Model, homeless people are stereotyped as ________ in competence, and ________ in warmth.
Question 33 options:


low; low


low; high


high; high


high; low

High economic system justifiers (i.e., those that believe the capitalist system provides equal opportunity for individuals to succeed) show ________________ in response to videos of homeless people according to research by Goudarzi and colleagues (2020).
Question 34 options:


very little emotional reactivity


extreme emotional reactivity


increased anger


increased empathy