but why copy, baby, why? why, is it alright, baby, why?:


"""
```
# Default config for sway
#
# Copy this to ~/.config/sway/config and edit it to your liking.
#
# Read `man 5 sway` for a complete reference.

### Variables
#
# Logo key. Use Mod1 for Alt.
set $mod Mod4
# Home row direction keys, like vim
set $left h
set $down j
set $up k
set $right l
# Your preferred terminal emulator
set $term foot
# Your preferred application launcher
set $menu wmenu-run

### Output configuration
#
# Default wallpaper (more resolutions are available in /usr/local/share/backgrounds/sway/)
output * bg /usr/local/share/backgrounds/sway/Sway_Wallpaper_Blue_1920x1080.png fill
#
# Example configuration:
#
#   output HDMI-A-1 resolution 1920x1080 position 1920,0
#
# You can get the names of your outputs by running: swaymsg -t get_outputs

### Idle configuration
#
# Example configuration:
#
# exec swayidle -w \
#          timeout 300 'swaylock -f -c 000000' \
#          timeout 600 'swaymsg "output * power off"' resume 'swaymsg "output * power on"' \
#          before-sleep 'swaylock -f -c 000000'
#
# This will lock your screen after 300 seconds of inactivity, then turn off
# your displays after another 300 seconds, and turn your screens back on when
# resumed. It will also lock your screen before your computer goes to sleep.

### Input configuration
#
# Example configuration:
#
#   input "2:14:SynPS/2_Synaptics_TouchPad" {
#       dwt enabled
#       tap enabled
#       natural_scroll enabled
#       middle_emulation enabled
#   }
#
# You can get the names of your inputs by running: swaymsg -t get_inputs
# Read `man 5 sway-input` for more information about this section.

### Key bindings
#
# Basics:
#
    # Start a terminal
    bindsym $mod+Return exec $term

    # Kill focused window
    bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill

    # Start your launcher
    bindsym $mod+d exec $menu

    # Drag floating windows by holding down $mod and left mouse button.
    # Resize them with right mouse button + $mod.
    # Despite the name, also works for non-floating windows.
    # Change normal to inverse to use left mouse button for resizing and right
    # mouse button for dragging.
    floating_modifier $mod normal

    # Reload the configuration file
    bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload

    # Exit sway (logs you out of your Wayland session)
    bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec swaynag -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit sway? This will end your Wayland session.' -B 'Yes, exit sway' 'swaymsg exit'
#
# Moving around:
#
    # Move your focus around
    bindsym $mod+$left focus left
    bindsym $mod+$down focus down
    bindsym $mod+$up focus up
    bindsym $mod+$right focus right
    # Or use $mod+[up|down|left|right]
    bindsym $mod+Left focus left
    bindsym $mod+Down focus down
    bindsym $mod+Up focus up
    bindsym $mod+Right focus right

    # Move the focused window with the same, but add Shift
    bindsym $mod+Shift+$left move left
    bindsym $mod+Shift+$down move down
    bindsym $mod+Shift+$up move up
    bindsym $mod+Shift+$right move right
    # Ditto, with arrow keys
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up
    bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right
#
# Workspaces:
#
    # Switch to workspace
    bindsym $mod+1 workspace number 1
    bindsym $mod+2 workspace number 2
    bindsym $mod+3 workspace number 3
    bindsym $mod+4 workspace number 4
    bindsym $mod+5 workspace number 5
    bindsym $mod+6 workspace number 6
    bindsym $mod+7 workspace number 7
    bindsym $mod+8 workspace number 8
    bindsym $mod+9 workspace number 9
    bindsym $mod+0 workspace number 10
    # Move focused container to workspace
    bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace number 1
    bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace number 2
    bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace number 3
    bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace number 4
    bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace number 5
    bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace number 6
    bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace number 7
    bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace number 8
    bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace number 9
    bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace number 10
    # Note: workspaces can have any name you want, not just numbers.
    # We just use 1-10 as the default.
#
# Layout stuff:
#
    # You can "split" the current object of your focus with
    # $mod+b or $mod+v, for horizontal and vertical splits
    # respectively.
    bindsym $mod+b splith
    bindsym $mod+v splitv

    # Switch the current container between different layout styles
    bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
    bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
    bindsym $mod+e layout toggle split

    # Make the current focus fullscreen
    bindsym $mod+f fullscreen

    # Toggle the current focus between tiling and floating mode
    bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle

    # Swap focus between the tiling area and the floating area
    bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle

    # Move focus to the parent container
    bindsym $mod+a focus parent
#
# Scratchpad:
#
    # Sway has a "scratchpad", which is a bag of holding for windows.
    # You can send windows there and get them back later.

    # Move the currently focused window to the scratchpad
    bindsym $mod+Shift+minus move scratchpad

    # Show the next scratchpad window or hide the focused scratchpad window.
    # If there are multiple scratchpad windows, this command cycles through them.
    bindsym $mod+minus scratchpad show
#
# Resizing containers:
#
mode "resize" {
    # left will shrink the containers width
    # right will grow the containers width
    # up will shrink the containers height
    # down will grow the containers height
    bindsym $left resize shrink width 10px
    bindsym $down resize grow height 10px
    bindsym $up resize shrink height 10px
    bindsym $right resize grow width 10px

    # Ditto, with arrow keys
    bindsym Left resize shrink width 10px
    bindsym Down resize grow height 10px
    bindsym Up resize shrink height 10px
    bindsym Right resize grow width 10px

    # Return to default mode
    bindsym Return mode "default"
    bindsym Escape mode "default"
}
bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"
#
# Utilities:
#
    # Special keys to adjust volume via PulseAudio
    bindsym --locked XF86AudioMute exec pactl set-sink-mute \@DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle
    bindsym --locked XF86AudioLowerVolume exec pactl set-sink-volume \@DEFAULT_SINK@ -5%
    bindsym --locked XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec pactl set-sink-volume \@DEFAULT_SINK@ +5%
    bindsym --locked XF86AudioMicMute exec pactl set-source-mute \@DEFAULT_SOURCE@ toggle
    # Special keys to adjust brightness via brightnessctl
    bindsym --locked XF86MonBrightnessDown exec brightnessctl set 5%-
    bindsym --locked XF86MonBrightnessUp exec brightnessctl set 5%+
    # Special key to take a screenshot with grim
    bindsym Print exec grim

#
# Status Bar:
#
# Read `man 5 sway-bar` for more information about this section.
bar {
    position top

    # When the status_command prints a new line to stdout, swaybar updates.
    # The default just shows the current date and time.
    status_command while date +'%Y-%m-%d %X'; do sleep 1; done

    colors {
        statusline #ffffff
        background #323232
        inactive_workspace #32323200 #32323200 #5c5c5c
    }
}

include /usr/local/etc/sway/config.d/*
```
""".Login managers

Some login managers support Wayland, and others don't. If you have issues starting sway and you use a login manager, your first step should be disabling the login manager and running sway as described by man 1 sway. If it does not work, report the bug to your login manager, not to sway.

For a small list of compatible login managers, see the login manager list on the useful addons page.

You can start sway automatically without a login manager, for example, by adding this to your .bash_profile (.zlogin or .zprofile for Zsh):

# If running from tty1 start sway
[ "$(tty)" = "/dev/tty1" ] && exec sway

For Fish, create the file ~/.config/fish/conf.d/sway.fish

# If running from tty1 start sway
set TTY1 (tty)
[ "$TTY1" = "/dev/tty1" ] && exec sway

Might help with dbus(missing $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS)

# If running from tty1 start sway
[ "$(tty)" = "/dev/tty1" ] && exec dbus-run-session sway

Configuration

The suggested location for the sway configuration file is ~/.config/sway/config. To begin configuring sway, create this directory and copy the default config.

mkdir -p ~/.config/sway
cp /etc/sway/config ~/.config/sway/
$EDITOR ~/.config/sway/config

Read the default config - it has comments that explain what each option does. Read man 5 sway for more information about each config command.
Display configuration

Sway manages displays for you, xrandr should not be used.

Run swaymsg -t get_outputs to get a list of output names. Then use the output command to arrange your displays.

output <identifier> {
   # ...config options...
   mode 3840x1600@143.998Hz
}

For detailed information, check the manual. Run man 5 sway-output.
Multihead

Managing multiple monitors is simple through the use of multiple output commands.

e.g., if we want to have a monitor with <name> HDMI1 and a resolution of 1920x1080, and to the right of it a laptop monitor with <name> eDP1 and a resolution of 1600x900; the following two commands can be placed in your config file:

output HDMI1 pos 0 0 res 1920x1080
output eDP1 pos 1920 0 res 1600x900

Take a note that you might want to change the focus of monitor on sway launch. Add this to your sway config:

focus output <name-or-identifier>

or

exec swaymsg focus output <name-or-identifier>

so it doesn't trigger on reload.

For more details read man 5 sway-output.
Clamshell Mode

AKA Closed Display mode. This mode is where your laptop lid is closed and you have external monitor(s) as outputs. As of Sway 1.1 you can use switch events to drive certain functionality, such as disabling an output upon a laptop lid being closed. Pass your laptop output name into the following, which can be found with: swaymsg -t get_outputs for example eDP-1.

set $laptop <laptop_output_identifier>
bindswitch --reload --locked lid:on output $laptop disable
bindswitch --reload --locked lid:off output $laptop enable

However, when reloading sway while using clamshell mode, the displays may reset (i.e. both displays will be enabled). To stop this, save this shell script:

#!/bin/sh

LAPTOP_OUTPUT="<LAPTOP>"
LID_STATE_FILE="/proc/acpi/button/lid/LID0/state"

read -r LS < "$LID_STATE_FILE"

case "$LS" in
*open)   swaymsg output "$LAPTOP_OUTPUT" enable ;;
*closed) swaymsg output "$LAPTOP_OUTPUT" disable ;;
*)       echo "Could not get lid state" >&2 ; exit 1 ;;
esac

Replace <LAPTOP> with the name of the display, ensure lid state file path is correct for your system.

To make sure this script runs whenever Sway is reloaded, add this line to your sway config:

exec_always /path/to/script.sh

HiDPI

HiDPI can be enabled via output and its scale option.

output <name> scale <I>

<I> is the integer scaling factor (usually 2 for HiDPI screens)

If scaling is active, it has to be considered when defining relative positions. For example, if the scaling factor for the left monitor (HDMI1) is 2, the relative position for the right output has to be divided by 2. This example is illustrated by the configuration below:

output HDMI1 scale 2
output HDMI1 pos 0 0 res 3200x1800
output eDP1 pos 1600 0 res 1920x1080

Note that the x-pos of eDP1 is 1600 = 3200/2.

Fractional scaling

Fractional scaling is supported but is not recommended. Your display does not have fractional pixels - and if you enable fractional scaling we cannot display your windows faithfully and your image quality will be degraded, for clients that do not report HiDPI surfaces (including all XWayland clients, but usually does not include modern versions of Wayland-native GUI toolkits). If you use many such programs, you should instead choose the integer scale factor appropriate for your display and configure your software's font size as necessary. If you still want to use fractional scaling, it is as simple as e.g. output <name> scale 1.5.
Display rotation

output <name> transform 90 will rotate output <name> by 90 degrees clockwise. Read man 5 sway-output and search for transform to see other options, like flipping across an axis.

For automatic display rotation via a built-in accelerometer, see rot8.
Redshift equivalent

Redshift adjusts the color temperature of your screen according to your surroundings. This may help your eyes hurt less if you are working in front of the screen at night. Unfortunately, Redshift does not support Wayland.

However, there is a fork of Redshift called gammastep which does have Wayland support. On Arch Linux, it is available as an official package.

Other alternatives are wlsunset, wl-gammarelay and wl-gammarelay-rs.
Input configuration

A list of input devices is available by running swaymsg -t get_inputs. Use the identifier for the device you want to configure in your config file:

input <identifier> {
    # ...config options...
}

Nothing prevents having multiple configurations for different specific devices:

# default layout
input "1:1:AT_Translated_Set_2_keyboard" {
   xkb_layout us
}

# custom layout for an external keyboard
input "1452:591:Custom_Keyboard" {
   xkb_layout YourCustomLayout
}

See man 5 sway-input for a summary of the available options.
Keyboard layout

# or input <identifier>
input "type:keyboard" {
    xkb_layout us,de
    xkb_variant ,nodeadkeys
    xkb_options grp:alt_shift_toggle
}

See man 7 xkeyboard-config for options you can use with the xkb_layout, xkb_model, xkb_options, xkb_rules, and xkb_variant commands. Separate multiple options with commas.

User-specific settings such as symbols will be loaded from their respective directories in ~/.xkb/ or $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/xkb/.

A lot of modifications are available through xkb_options. They can be found in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/{altwin,capslock,compose,ctrl} and the respective option name in /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.

Examples:

    Make caps lock work as escape: xkb_options caps:escape
    Swap escape and caps lock: xkb_options caps:swapescape
    Make caps lock work as control: xkb_options ctrl:nocaps
    Make caps lock work as additional control xkb_options caps:ctrl_modifier
    Swap left alt and super, and set caps lock to escape: xkb_options altwin:swap_lalt_lwin,caps:escape
    Make the menu key work as additional super: xkb_options altwin:menu_win

Note that to trigger several options, you need to list them separated with a comma, e.g. xkb_options caps:escape,altwin:swap_lalt_lwin; if you instead write several xkb_options-lines, only the last one will take effect.
Load custom xkb keymap file (since #3999)

# or input <identifier>
input "type:keyboard" {
    xkb_file ~/.config/xkb/custom
}

Keyboard repeat delay and rate

# or input <identifier>
input "type:keyboard" {
    repeat_delay 500
    repeat_rate 5
}

Load a modified custom xkb keymap (xmodmap equivalent)

See #4250

If you just want to change a couple of keymappings, you can create your own by overriding the keymappings of your usual layout.

input type:keyboard {

  # Modified programmer Dvorak. File at ~/.xkb/symbols/dvp_alt_gr_remapped_to_super
  xkb_layout "dvp_alt_gr_remapped_to_super"

  # Capslock key should work as escape key
  # See /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/xorg.lst for options
  xkb_options caps:escape

  repeat_delay 250
  repeat_rate 45
}

The entirety of ~/.xkb/symbols/dvp_alt_gr_remapped_to_super:

default partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "basic" {
        include "us(dvp)"
        name[Group1] = "Modified programmer Dvorak";
        key <RALT> { [ Super_L, Super_R ] };
};

The full documentation on how to override keymappings is available at this link. Here a slightly digested version with a practical commented example.
Libinput config options

input <device name> {
    left_handed enabled
    tap enabled
    natural_scroll disabled
    dwt enabled
    accel_profile "flat" # disable mouse acceleration (enabled by default; to set it manually, use "adaptive" instead of "flat")
    pointer_accel 0.5 # set mouse sensitivity (between -1 and 1)
}

See man 5 sway-input for all available options.
Touch Display Mapping

Touch input targets for touch displays used in a multi-display environment must be mapped to that touch display only.

set $display1       "Dell Inc. DELL P2414H VHVTW542165L"
set $display2       "Dell Inc. DELL P2418HT MYDM775F152L"
set $display2-touch "8146:24835:Melfas_LGD_AIT_Touch_Controller"

input $display2-touch map_to_output $display2

Wallpapers

Feh and similar tools do not work on Wayland. Sway supports setting wallpapers if swaybg is installed. You can use this feature through the output command, using the bg option:

e.g. output HDMI-A-1 bg ~/wallpaper.png stretch

See output configuration options in man 5 sway-output.

Also, see https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/Useful-add-ons-for-sway for more ideas.
Swaybar configuration

Swaybar supports most of the same features as i3bar, and is configured in the same way. Add a bar section to your config:

bar {
    # ...bar options..
}

For the full list of options, see man 5 sway-bar.
Comments

Comments are supported in the configuration and start with a # character, optionally with whitespace before it. Comments and commands on the same line are not supported, because i3 - and thus Sway - supports the #RRGGBB syntax for specifying colours. Therefore, always place comments on their own line.

Additionally, a commented out line with a trailing backslash currently affects the next line, even if that is not a comment. So, never end a commented line with a backslash \.
Taking screenshots

X11 tools like scrot do not work. Try grim.

Grimshot provides a simpler command line interface if you're looking for something more high level (and relies on grim and slurp internally).

shotman is a simple, light, modern UI for screenshooting, also relies on slurp for region selection, and taking screenshot of current active window only works in sway for now.

flameshot has a simple and inituitive GUI with various editing tools.

swappy is another tool (written in C, uses GTK and Pango) that pops up a GUI and allows basic operations on the screenshot such as adding text, arrows, circles, squares and choosing colors. Has a config file to customize the GUI. Can also work without grim.

Also, see https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/Useful-add-ons-for-sway for more ideas.
Creating screencasts

Try wf-recorder for screen recording of wlroots-based compositors like swaywm. If you use OBS Studio, versions newer than 27.0 natively support screen recording using pipewire. For older versions you can use wlrobs recording plugin for wlroots-based compositors.

Also, see https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/Useful-add-ons-for-sway for more ideas.
Program launchers

    bemenu works as a dmenu replacement.
    sway-launcher-desktop: TUI Application launcher with Desktop Entry support.
    wofi is a rofi-like launcher.
    yofi is a minimalistic menu for wayland.
    tofi is an extremely performant wlroots-specific launcher.

Also, see https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/Useful-add-ons-for-sway for more ideas.
Screen zooming feature

Not yet possible with swaywm/wlroots. Please look / get involved here.
Setting environmental variables

How you set variables will depend on how sway was started.

Environment variables are inherited from the process that starts sway. You need to set variables there.

Some of the possible options are:

    login manager: check the documentation.
    login shell: export them there before launching sway.
    user service: use the EnvironmentFile= key and an environment file.

More details here.
FAQ
Before asking questions...

Update both sway and wlroots and then try again. Look through known issues in sway and known issues in wlroots. Did you read the man pages? Start with man sway. Read your config file, too. And read the log.
How do I get rid of title bars on applications?

Use the default_border command in your config. default_border normal shows title bars, whereas none and pixel do not. The border command operates on the currently focused window only. default_border is a setting, border is an action.

Note that default_border only affects new windows. Even after reloading sway, you will need to close and re-open any windows you do not wish to see the title bar on.
Where are my tray icons?

Initial tray icon support for swaybar was merged with #3249 pull request. Missing features are tracked in #3799.
How do I configure urxvt transparency?

urxvt transparency requires "real transparency" settings. Add this to your .Xresources and reload via xrdb ~/.Xresources:

URxvt*depth: 32
URxvt*background: rgba:0000/0000/0200/c800

Be aware that this configuration will conflict with the URxvt.reversevideo and if you enable the reversevideo option, the text will become transparent instead of the background.

You may wish to add exec xrdb ~/.Xresources to your sway config to configure this on startup.
I'm not using logind but still want DBus/PolKit/power management to work.

What can I do?

If you're using ConsoleKit2, launch sway using

exec ck-launch-session dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session sway

Alternatively, you could omit the ck-launch-session part.
xbacklight

xbacklight is, as the name would imply, a tool for X. Instead, you can use brightnessctl, brillo or just directly manipulate /sys/class/backlight.

For instance:

bindsym --locked XF86MonBrightnessDown exec brightnessctl set 5%-
bindsym --locked XF86MonBrightnessUp exec brightnessctl set 5%+

Which terminal emulator can I use?

You can use either X- or Wayland-native terminal emulator with little difference in terms of functionality.

Alacritty, Kitty, foot, GhosTTY, or wezterm will use Wayland without additional configuration. You can use VTE-based terminals like GNOME Terminal. X-based urxvt is another popular option.
Why am I getting Error on line XX […] Unknown key?

In your config, you should replace at line XX bindsym by bindcode.
Locale-specific configuration tricks
Workspace switching on the French layout

Because French number keys only produce numbers when Shift is pressed (or Caps Lock is active), you'll need to setup key bindings with the various special characters under the numbers (&, é, ", etc):

    # Switch to workspace
    bindsym $mod+ampersand workspace number 1
    bindsym $mod+eacute workspace number 2
    bindsym $mod+quotedbl workspace number 3
    bindsym $mod+apostrophe workspace number 4
    bindsym $mod+parenleft workspace number 5
    bindsym $mod+minus workspace number 6
    bindsym $mod+egrave workspace number 7
    bindsym $mod+underscore workspace number 8
    bindsym $mod+ccedilla workspace number 9
    bindsym $mod+agrave workspace number 10

    # Move focused container to workspace
    bindsym $mod+Shift+ampersand move container to workspace number 1
    bindsym $mod+Shift+eacute move container to workspace number 2
    bindsym $mod+Shift+quotedbl move container to workspace number 3
    bindsym $mod+Shift+apostrophe move container to workspace number 4
    bindsym $mod+Shift+parenleft move container to workspace number 5
    bindsym $mod+Shift+minus move container to workspace number 6
    bindsym $mod+Shift+egrave move container to workspace number 7
    bindsym $mod+Shift+underscore move container to workspace number 8
    bindsym $mod+Shift+ccedilla move container to workspace number 9
    bindsym $mod+Shift+agrave move container to workspace number 10

Key bindings on a dual US/Russian layout or US/Greek

If you have configured your keyboard with a US and a Russian layout (input * xkb_layout us,ru), your bindings using Latin script letters won't work when the Russian keyboard is active (for instance, $mod+f won't work, because you can't produce the letter f with the Russian layout).

To make key bindings work regardless of the currently active layout, you can use bindsym --to-code:

bindsym --to-code {
    $mod+b splith
    $mod+v splitv
}

Windows/KDE/gnome launcher shortcut

This will toggle the launcher on a single keypress, but not if a keybind was triggered with that key.

bindsym --no-repeat --release Super_L exec pkill $launcher || $launcher

Memorize and switch target windows

Configuration example:

# window switch setting
set $mode_set_switch_window "set_switch_window: [0]-[9]"
mode $mode_set_switch_window {
    bindsym 1 mark 1; mode "default"
    bindsym 2 mark 2; mode "default"
    bindsym 3 mark 3; mode "default"
    bindsym 4 mark 4; mode "default"
    bindsym 5 mark 5; mode "default"
    bindsym 6 mark 6; mode "default"
    bindsym 7 mark 7; mode "default"
    bindsym 8 mark 8; mode "default"
    bindsym 9 mark 9; mode "default"
    bindsym 0 mark 0; mode "default"
    bindsym Return mode "default"
    bindsym Escape mode "default"
}
bindsym $mod+ctrl+t mode $mode_set_switch_window
set $mode_switch_window "switch_window: [0]-[9]"
mode $mode_switch_window {
    bindsym 1 [con_mark="1"] focus; mode "default"
    bindsym 2 [con_mark="2"] focus; mode "default"
    bindsym 3 [con_mark="3"] focus; mode "default"
    bindsym 4 [con_mark="4"] focus; mode "default"
    bindsym 5 [con_mark="5"] focus; mode "default"
    bindsym 6 [con_mark="6"] focus; mode "default"
    bindsym 7 [con_mark="7"] focus; mode "default"
    bindsym 8 [con_mark="8"] focus; mode "default"
    bindsym 9 [con_mark="9"] focus; mode "default"
    bindsym 0 [con_mark="0"] focus; mode "default"
    bindsym t mode $mode_set_switch_window
    bindsym Return mode "default"
    bindsym Escape mode "default"
}
bindsym $mod+t mode $mode_switch_window

Move workspace to current output when switching

If you want your workspace to be moved to the current output when you switch to it using $mod+<number> instead of you being refocused to a different output where the workspace is currently bound, replace your bindsym $mod+<number> lines in your configuration with this (for each <number> of course):

bindsym $mod+1 [workspace="^1$"] move workspace to output current; workspace number 1

Move all workspace windows

set $mode_move_all_workspace_windows "Move all workspace windows to [0-9]?"
mode $mode_move_all_workspace_windows {
    bindsym 1 [workspace=".*"] move to workspace 1; workspace number 1, mode "default"
    bindsym 2 [workspace=".*"] move to workspace 2; workspace number 2, mode "default"
    bindsym 3 [workspace=".*"] move to workspace 3; workspace number 3, mode "default"
    bindsym 4 [workspace=".*"] move to workspace 4; workspace number 4, mode "default"
    bindsym 5 [workspace=".*"] move to workspace 5; workspace number 5, mode "default"
    bindsym 6 [workspace=".*"] move to workspace 6; workspace number 6, mode "default"
    bindsym 7 [workspace=".*"] move to workspace 7; workspace number 7, mode "default"
    bindsym 8 [workspace=".*"] move to workspace 8; workspace number 8, mode "default"
    bindsym 9 [workspace=".*"] move to workspace 9; workspace number 9, mode "default"
    bindsym 0 [workspace=".*"] move to workspace 10; workspace number 10, mode "default"
    # back to normal: Enter or Escape
    bindsym Return mode "default"
    bindsym Escape mode "default"
}
bindsym $mod+shift+ctrl+m mode $mode_move_all_workspace_windows

XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP environment variable is not being set

Some applications and desktop mechanisms may rely on the XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP environment variable to be set so that the application can accommodate for being ran under sway. Examples include XDG autostart implementations, screensharing in Firefox and many others.

Sway itself does not set this variable, it should be set before sway is started. Sane default would be sway:wlroots (specific sway as first priority, common wlroots after it to be in line with other wlroots compositors). If you start sway from shell profile, export it before sway invocation. If you use a login manager, the login manager will use the DesktopNames attribute inside the sway.desktop file. This file may be modified to add DesktopNames=sway;wlroots (also see #7952).

It's not good practice for applications to make use of XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP in this way, and Firefox has an issue open to try to fix it. Refer to xpdw's FAQ and xdpw's Troubleshooting guide if your issue is specifically related to screensharing.
Systemd and dbus activation environments

Some variables need to be exported to systemd and/or dbus activation environments so tools that rely on them work properly. The essential ones are: WAYLAND_DISPLAY, DISPLAY (if XWayland is used), XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP, plus Sway's: SWAYSOCK, I3SOCK, XCURSOR_SIZE, XCURSOR_THEME.

Export should be performed from context of running sway process, via exec statements in sway's configuration:

exec systemctl --user import-environment WAYLAND_DISPLAY DISPLAY XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP SWAYSOCK I3SOCK XCURSOR_SIZE XCURSOR_THEME

If dbus-broker dbus implementation is used, that's it. It reuses activation environment of systemd.

If classic dbus implementation is used, it requires updating its own separate environment:

exec dbus-update-activation-environment WAYLAND_DISPLAY DISPLAY XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP SWAYSOCK I3SOCK XCURSOR_SIZE XCURSOR_THEME

Troubleshooting
How do I report issues?

We will expect three things from you: your sway version, your config file, and a debug log. Obtain your version like so:

swaymsg -t get_version

If this doesn't work, use:

sway -v

Obtain a debug log like so:

sway -d 2> ~/sway.log

This will record information about sway's activity when it's running. Briefly reproduce your problem and exit sway. Upload this file, along with your config, to gist.github.com, and include this in a GitHub issue (or when asking for help on IRC). When preparing a debug log, make it brief - start up sway, do the minimum work necessary to reproduce the error, then close sway. Explain the steps you took in plain English in your GitHub issue as well.

If the problem isn't immediately obvious, you will likely be required to debug it yourself - we are volunteers and only have so much free time.
I just installed sway. I can move my mouse cursor but my keyboard does not work.

Are you pressing keys that are bound to do anything? Read the config file. If $mod+Return is bound to exec foot (which it is by default) - do you have foot installed? Try $mod+2 or $mod+8 - does it switch workspaces?
I can't run anything.

Check for keyboard shortcuts in the config file to start your launcher. Are you trying to run x applications? You probably don't have xwayland installed. Consult your distribution's documentation for instructions on installing xwayland.
My keyboard shortcuts do not work.

If you're running sway on top of X11, with i3 running, i3 will intercept any key presses that would otherwise be sent to sway. If you use the exact same key bindings then sway will never receive them.
i3-dmenu-desktop does not work.

There's a patch but it cannot be merged upstream. See issue #511 for more info.

You can still apply the patch manually though:

wget 'https://patch-diff.githubusercontent.com/raw/i3/i3/pull/2265.patch'
sudo patch -p0 /usr/bin/i3-dmenu-desktop < 2265.patch

My favorite application isn't displayed right, how can I fix this?
Disabling client-side Qt decorations

Qt currently defaults to using the X11 backend instead of its native Wayland backend. To use the Wayland backend, set QT_QPA_PLATFORM=wayland. Then Qt will also draw client-side decorations for all windows, to disable this, set QT_WAYLAND_DISABLE_WINDOWDECORATION="1"
Window rules to adjust sway's borders

If you want to use a particular application's built-in window decorations over the sway borders, you can write a rule like this in your config:

for_window [app_id="nautilus"] border none

Issues with Java applications

    Try to set _JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING=1 in your environment (Source). You can achieve this by appending the following snippet to your ~/.profile file:

if [ "$XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP" = "sway" ] ; then
    # https://github.com/swaywm/sway/issues/595
    export _JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING=1
fi

    Try wmname as Suggested (Source) Package if above don't work. If there is error like cannot open display then use export DISPLAY=:0

wmname LG3D

This seems to fix blank windows and menus that are drawn at a wrong offset to the selected menu item.
Issues with JetBrains IDE popups/menus losing focus

Some JetBrains IDEs (including Android Studio) ship with a Java 1.8 JRE, but there are fixes included in later JRE versions that are necessary to run properly in Sway. You can instruct your IDE to use a different JRE through an invocation of the form:

STUDIO_JDK=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/ /opt/android-studio/bin/studio.sh

If you are running Sway 1.4 or earlier, you will also need to upgrade to Sway/wlroots master, as there are necessary fixes there too.
Status icon doesn't show up

There are two standards for status icons: XEmbed and StatusNotifierItem (SNI). XEmbed is legacy and unimplemented in Sway. SNI is supported by swaybar. If your app uses XEmbed, the status icon won't show up. You should ask them to upgrade to SNI.

For network-manager-applet, see https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/NetworkManager#Appindicator
I run a Linux distribution without systemd and sway does not start.

See here.
I have a multi-gpu setup (like intel+nvidia or intel+amd) and sway does not start / Some video cards cannot display / Full screen images, etc. will be corrupted

Unless specified otherwise, wlroots will choose a card for you and you could have a similar message in sway's log:

To use a different default card (listed in /dev/dri/), set this environment variable before starting sway:

WLR_DRM_DEVICES=/dev/dri/card1 sway

It's likely that you want sway to use the integrated (Intel) card, because probably that's the only one directly connected to the laptop monitor. However, the mapping between node names in /dev/dri/ and actual cards isn't guaranteed to be the same across reboots.

You can also configure multiple graphics cards like so:

WLR_DRM_DEVICES=/dev/dri/card0:/dev/dri/card1 sway

The first card is used for actual rendering, and display buffers are copied to the secondary cards for any displays connected to them.

If your card paths aren't consistent (for example with eGPUs), you cannot use paths from /dev/dri/by-path, as they contain the delimiter which (unfortunately) cannot be escaped.
As a workaround you can create symlinks for the cards with a udev rule (/etc/udev/rules.d/set-dri-links.rules):

KERNEL=="card*", SUBSYSTEM=="drm", ATTRS{vendor}=="0x1002", ATTRS{device}=="0x747e", SYMLINK+="dri/by-name/egpu"
KERNEL=="card*", SUBSYSTEM=="drm", ATTRS{vendor}=="0x1002", ATTRS{device}=="0x1681", SYMLINK+="dri/by-name/igpu"

You can get the ATTRS{vendor} and ATTRS{device} from udevadm info /dev/dri/cardX --attribute-walk
and set the variable as following:

WLR_DRM_DEVICES=/dev/dri/by-name/egpu:/dev/dri/by-name/igpu

My GTK+3 theme isn't working

See GTK 3 settings on Wayland.
After unplugging an external display, some applications appear too large on my HiDPI screen

See wlroots issue #1119. This is an Xwayland bug fixed in 1.20.9.

Workaround:

    If it does not exist, create the file ~/.Xresources

    Add the following line to ~/.Xresources:

    Xft.dpi: 96

    Add the following line to the Sway config:

    exec xrdb -load ~/.Xresources

Is an application using Xwayland?

To figure out whether an application uses Xwayland or native Wayland, you can try one of these solutions:

    Run xeyes and move the mouse over the app. The eyes will only move if the window is using Xwayland.
    Add for_window [shell=".*"] title_format "%title :: %shell" to your config file.
    swaymsg -t get_tree dumps information about all windows.

Mouse events (clicking, scrolling) aren't working on some of my workspaces

If your monitor layouts uses negative pixels, you're probably hitting this issue : https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/xserver/issues/899

This is a Xwayland bug. The workaround is to rearrange your workspaces to not use negative pixels.
Xwayland DPI increases after hotplug

This is an Xwayland bug. This usually results in oversized text. As a workaround, add Xft.dpi: 96 to ~/.Xresources and add exec xrdb -load ~/.Xresources to your Sway config.
I can't open links in external applications in Firefox

If you get the message "Firefox is already running", set the environmental variable MOZ_DBUS_REMOTE=1 (Firefox 74+, dbus required). See explanation here: https://mastransky.wordpress.com/2020/03/16/wayland-x11-how-to-run-firefox-in-mixed-environment/
Android studio draws the menus in the wrong place

Try something like this:

# For Android Studio
export _JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING=1
export STUDIO_JDK=/usr/lib/jvm/java-14-openjdk

# For Gradle
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk

Adjust the paths so that they point to a valid location on your system.
GTK+ applications take 20 seconds to start

This is due to GTK+ waiting for xdg-desktop-portal to start via D-Bus. This times out because the D-Bus activated service doesn't know what WAYLAND_DISPLAY to connect to.

See Systemd and dbus activation environments

Alternatively, set GTK_USE_PORTAL=0 in your environment.

More details: https://github.com/swaywm/sway/issues/5732
Wayland won't let me run apps as root

Generally speaking, running graphical applications as root is discouraged. Modern Linux distributions usually ship with a configured Polkit system which allows applications to request permissions for specific administrative actions as needed. Arch Linux wiki about Polkit is a good source of information https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Polkit.

As a Sway user, all you probably need to do is run any one of the polkit auth agents. When a polkit auth agent is running you will get a prompt when an application supports Polkit and needs administrative permissions for some actions.

Auth agent exact location (and whether they are installed) depend on your distribution. Two most common agents are:

    polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 (GTK/Gnome)
    polkit-kde-authentication-agent-1 (Qt/KDE)

They usually reside in /usr/libexec or /usr/lib directories. You will want to put for example following in your sway config: exec "/usr/libexec/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1"

If the application does not support Polkit or you are running system without Polkit there is an additional fallback option if you really need to run a gui application as root: sudo --preserve-env=XDG_RUNTIME_DIR,WAYLAND_DISPLAY <app> or simply sudo -E <app>. This should be a last-resort option however.
Clutter applications hang at startup

This is ultimately caused by Clutter's reliance on the deprecated wl_shell protocol. Unless/until https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/clutter/-/merge_requests/5 is merged, a workaround is to set CLUTTER_BACKEND=gdk to have it use gdk rather than attempt to interface directly with the compositor.
Sway 1.6 shows garbage or a blank screen on Nouveau

Could manifest as a blank screen where windows or bars are not drawn at all, only the mouse pointer. Could manifest an inactive display where the monitor receives no input at all.

Try setting WLR_DRM_NO_MODIFIERS=1. If you have it set, try un-setting it.

Issues when modifiers are enabled are due to two Nouveau bugs, fixed in these merge requests, and released in mesa 21.1.0:

    https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/8500
    https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/3724

eglInitialize errors on with nouveau

This usually means that nouveau doesn't support your GPU. See https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html
Sway shows garbage or blank screen on usb-c 3.2 Gen 2 DisplayPort monitor.

Could manifest as blank screen or incomplete terminal output.

Try rendering sway with vulkan using WLR_RENDERER=vulkan. (WARNING: Tested on AMD Gpu).

Vulkan-validation layers is required for some distros.

    Arch: vulkan-validation-layers
    Void: Vulkan-ValidationLayers

How can I setup keyboard volume keys?

You'll need to bind these keys in your configuration file. For instance, if you're using PulseAudio:

bindsym --locked XF86AudioMute exec pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle
bindsym --locked XF86AudioLowerVolume exec pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -5%
bindsym --locked XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +5%
bindsym --locked XF86AudioMicMute exec pactl set-source-mute @DEFAULT_SOURCE@ toggle

If you use wireplumber, setting -l flag in wpctl can be used to prevent the volume from exceeding a certain level, which is not a feature offered by pactl. This example ensures that the volume does not surpass 120%:

bindsym --locked XF86AudioMute exec wpctl set-mute @DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@ toggle
bindsym --locked XF86AudioLowerVolume exec wpctl set-volume @DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@ 5%- -l 1.2
bindsym --locked XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec wpctl set-volume @DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@ 5%+ -l 1.2

My screen isn't detected when plugged in

Sometimes the kernel driver has trouble detecting hotplugged monitors on some ports. Try this (adapt card0 and DP-1 to the GPU and connector you're using):

echo detect | sudo tee /sys/class/drm/card0-DP-1/status

How do I utilize wp-fractional-scale-v1 since Sway 1.9?

Fractional scale protocol

    This protocol allows a compositor to suggest for surfaces to render at fractional scales.

    recent versions of Chrome/Chromium/Blink Derivatives utilize it automatically
    recent Firefox versions require about:config widget.wayland.fractional-scale.enabled=true, which is as of 2024-03 having two bugs. Context Menu Broken, Blurred Windows when not maximized
    mpv in standard configuration/wayland mode will utilize it automatically and appears to have no known issues

No hardware acceleration since Sway 1.10

Typically this results in error messages like these:

vulkan: No DRI3 support detected - required for presentation
Note: you can probably enable DRI3 in your Xorg config

or

DRI3 not available

or VA-API fails to initialize.

Sway 1.10 has removed support for the legacy wl_drm Wayland protocol, which is still used by Xwayland 23.2.4 and earlier, libva 2.20.0 and earlier, and AMDVLK.

As a workaround, the legacy wl_drm Wayland protocol can be re-enabled manually by passing -Dlegacy-wl-drm to Sway.

See:

    xserver!1236
    libva#788 and libva#790
    AMDVLK#351

wmenu doesn't show command suggestions as you type

set $menu dmenu_path | wmenu | xargs swaymsg exec --

dmenu_path is provided by the package dmenu. Because it's often regarded as an optional dependency of Sway, it's likely that you don't have it installed.

UPDATE: Merged PR #8289 has eliminated the dependency on dmenu. The default configuration will run wmenu-run instead.

set $menu wmenu-run