cann you pleas formulate a short paragraph for the literature that states the topic "Katarungang Pambarangay or barangay justice system is a community-based dispute settlement mechanism that is administered by the basic political unit of the country, the barangay. This system can improve the quality of domestic justice; it would reduce the number of indiscriminate filings of cases before the courts and reduce the number of cases filed there to the courts (Metillo et al, 2022). On the other hand, the use of ADR mechanisms offers different advantages compared to the formal court system, including effective and efficient of resources such as time and money (Mutuku, 2022). It reduces the time it takes to resolve disputes, particularly in tribunals and traditional and alternative justice systems, and diminish the backlog of cases experienced by the courts.
In this manner, local citizen committees known as Pacification Committees (Lupon Tagapamayapa) are being formed to affect the extrajudicial settlement of minor cases between barangay residents to lighten the load on the lower courts (Britannica, 2000). As a result, each committee has a conciliation body, also known as the Pangkat Tagapagkasundo, whose primary duty is to mediate a peaceful resolution of disputes between opposing parties. The committee’s decisions are final except as specified in the rules; it cannot penalize.
The main objective of Barangay Justice System is to informally settle cases through the Lupon members acting as mediators. Mediators do not apply the rule of criminal law, but they are to facilitate harmonious settlement through agreement of both parties (Lupao et al., 2002).
In addition, Mediation is an important means of resolving international commercial disputes. The mediators whom the parties appoint can help to avoid contentious, dilatory, and costly conflicts, including by resort to arbitration and/or litigation. The problem is the recognition and enforcement of mediated agreements often diverges from one state to the next. This makes it difficult to predict whether a mediated agreement will be enforced in a particular jurisdiction (Zeller et al., 2019).
According to a World Report (2019) article, there are significant restrictions on Vietnam’s basic civil and political rights, such as the freedom of expression, association, and peaceful public assembly. It forbids the establishment of independent human rights organizations, political associations, and labor unions. When peaceful public protests the government take place, police frequently use excessive force to break them up.
Similar ADR System
Moreover, In Ghana, there has been a strong push for the adoption of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods to resolve land disputes. The enactment of the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2010, the establishment of ADR committees under the Land Administration Project, and the inclusion of ADR in the Lands Act 2020 demonstrate this commitment. However, there is limited attention given to the motivations and challenges faced by disputants utilizing ADR systems, especially in the context of increasing land disputes in Africa. A recent study conducted in the Upper West Region of Ghana revealed that there are challenges in enforcing resolved disputes, perceptions of discrimination against minority groups, biases in the appeal process, and insufficient resources hindering the effectiveness of ADR (Ibrahim et al., 2022). Despite these issues, ADR committees have the potential to address the growing number of land disputes, provided that their weaknesses are addressed. Collaborating with Customary Land Secretariats can help educate the public about the functions and dispute resolution processes of ADR committees, reducing perceptions of bias against them.
In the context of Malaysia’s Islamic financial markets, by implementing alternative dispute resolution methods for Islamic financial products, Malaysia can meet the demands of its Islamic financial markets. This is aligned with the country’s highest law, which recognizes Islam as the official religion and allows for a duality in economic systems, specifically in the banking sector. This approach aims to enhance the application of Islamic banking laws to consumers, promoting fairness and justice in a multicultural society, regardless of ethnicity and religion (Dahlan, 2018). Furthermore, the success of alternative dispute resolution methods for Islamic financial products disputes depends on the awareness and understanding of these mechanisms by consumers and financial institutions. Compliance and enforcement of these methods may also pose challenges, and there is a risk of bias or lack of standardization in their implementation.
Moreover, In the construction industry, disputes are an undesirable aspect that consume significant resources and can be expensive to resolve. These disputes are inevitable, and their resolution practices vary between countries, particularly in developed countries compared to Nepal. In the Nepalese context, one distinct problem is the prolonged duration of pending claims. This issue is prevalent in road construction contracts and can be attributed to two main factors: owner-dominated contracts and a lack of knowledge about contractual rights. However, the implementation of the new Arbitration Act in 1999 in Nepal brought about various changes in both traditional and alternative dispute resolution methods, aiming to address these challenges (Kisi et al., 2020). Understanding the causes and frequency of claims is crucial for project managers, owners, consultants, contractors, and legal professionals to adopt effective dispute resolution practices and settle claims in a timely manner. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering guidance on the best practices for alternative dispute resolution in Nepalese road construction contracts.

Issues in Ethics
Despite the growth of a very large literature on negotiation, contributed to by several disciplines, mediation has received surprisingly little attention, often being treated as a minor variant of bilateral negotiation. processes of mediation, looked at cross-culturally, differ very greatly in their degree of formality, the number of rules, the rigidity of the framework, imposed upon the disputants (Meadow, 2018). This indicates that while there is a lot of information about negotiation, mediation, particularly in the barangay justice system, has not been given enough focus. An analysis of different cultures highlights notable differences in the formalities, rules, and strictness of mediation procedures. The challenges faced by pacification councils in resolving disputes within the barangay justice system may arise from these differences and the apparent lack of attention to mediation in the wider negotiation conversation.
Complexity of Power in Facilitative Mediation
Power and power balancing in facilitative mediation is challenging and can illicit the best and the worst of mediator ethics and practice decision-making. Some practitioners feel challenged by the impact of power dynamics on their capacity to provide a fair and just process, while others are fearful of not being able to facilitate a fair and just outcome when imbalances of power are evident between the parties (Brandon et al., 2020). Facilitative mediation deals with the intricacies of power dynamics, presenting obstacles that challenge mediator ethics and decision-making. The article explores the twofold nature of power in mediation, recognizing the difficulties practitioners face in upholding a fair process in the presence of power imbalances. It investigates the subtle changes in power dynamics between parties and analyzes the impact that mediators have in shaping procedural and substantive justice. Additionally, the article outlines practical strategies for addressing power imbalances and guaranteeing a fair process.
Matrix of dilemmas
Cultural differences in international organizations often generate barriers to communication with the environment as well as management problems (Fandrejewska et al., 2018). It emphasizes on how cultural factors greatly shape the values, behavior, and communication within a group. Cultural considerations are crucial in the conflict resolution process, like how they can create communication and management barriers in international organizations. The subtleties of culture can significantly affect the success of peacekeeping efforts. Recognizing the cultural aspects at play among conflicting parties is essential for peace councils, as it directly impacts their capacity to manage and resolve conflicts. This overview emphasizes the wider importance of cultural sensitivity, not just in organizational settings, but also in the unique obstacles faced by peace councils in promoting fair and equitable dispute resolution processes.
On the other hand, this review demonstrates the significant progress made in the diversity literature in the domains of organizational behavior, human resource management, and industrial and organizational psychology regarding the definition, application, and consequences of workplace diversity. But as this review demonstrates, there is still a great deal of room for advancement (Roberson, 2019). Managing disputes within a culturally diverse community possess challenges in understanding and respecting various perspective.
formulate a short introductory to introduce my Review Related Literature
Katarungang Pambarangay or barangay justice system is a community-based dispute settlement mechanism that is administered by the basic political unit of the country, the barangay. This system can improve the quality of domestic justice; it would reduce the number of indiscriminate filings of cases before the courts and reduce the number of cases filed there to the courts (Metillo et al, 2022). On the other hand, the use of ADR mechanisms offers different advantages compared to the formal court system, including effective and efficient of resources such as time and money (Mutuku, 2022). It reduces the time it takes to resolve disputes, particularly in tribunals and traditional and alternative justice systems, and diminish the backlog of cases experienced by the courts.
In this manner, local citizen committees known as Pacification Committees (Lupon Tagapamayapa) are being formed to affect the extrajudicial settlement of minor cases between barangay residents to lighten the load on the lower courts (Britannica, 2000). As a result, each committee has a conciliation body, also known as the Pangkat Tagapagkasundo, whose primary duty is to mediate a peaceful resolution of disputes between opposing parties. The committee’s decisions are final except as specified in the rules; it cannot penalize.
The main objective of Barangay Justice System is to informally settle cases through the Lupon members acting as mediators. Mediators do not apply the rule of criminal law, but they are to facilitate harmonious settlement through agreement of both parties (Lupao et al., 2002).
In addition, Mediation is an important means of resolving international commercial disputes. The mediators whom the parties appoint can help to avoid contentious, dilatory, and costly conflicts, including by resort to arbitration and/or litigation. The problem is the recognition and enforcement of mediated agreements often diverges from one state to the next. This makes it difficult to predict whether a mediated agreement will be enforced in a particular jurisdiction (Zeller et al., 2019).
According to a World Report (2019) article, there are significant restrictions on Vietnam’s basic civil and political rights, such as the freedom of expression, association, and peaceful public assembly. It forbids the establishment of independent human rights organizations, political associations, and labor unions. When peaceful public protests the government take place, police frequently use excessive force to break them up.
Similar ADR System
Moreover, In Ghana, there has been a strong push for the adoption of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods to resolve land disputes. The enactment of the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2010, the establishment of ADR committees under the Land Administration Project, and the inclusion of ADR in the Lands Act 2020 demonstrate this commitment. However, there is limited attention given to the motivations and challenges faced by disputants utilizing ADR systems, especially in the context of increasing land disputes in Africa. A recent study conducted in the Upper West Region of Ghana revealed that there are challenges in enforcing resolved disputes, perceptions of discrimination against minority groups, biases in the appeal process, and insufficient resources hindering the effectiveness of ADR (Ibrahim et al., 2022). Despite these issues, ADR committees have the potential to address the growing number of land disputes, provided that their weaknesses are addressed. Collaborating with Customary Land Secretariats can help educate the public about the functions and dispute resolution processes of ADR committees, reducing perceptions of bias against them.
In the context of Malaysia’s Islamic financial markets, by implementing alternative dispute resolution methods for Islamic financial products, Malaysia can meet the demands of its Islamic financial markets. This is aligned with the country’s highest law, which recognizes Islam as the official religion and allows for a duality in economic systems, specifically in the banking sector. This approach aims to enhance the application of Islamic banking laws to consumers, promoting fairness and justice in a multicultural society, regardless of ethnicity and religion (Dahlan, 2018). Furthermore, the success of alternative dispute resolution methods for Islamic financial products disputes depends on the awareness and understanding of these mechanisms by consumers and financial institutions. Compliance and enforcement of these methods may also pose challenges, and there is a risk of bias or lack of standardization in their implementation.
Moreover, In the construction industry, disputes are an undesirable aspect that consume significant resources and can be expensive to resolve. These disputes are inevitable, and their resolution practices vary between countries, particularly in developed countries compared to Nepal. In the Nepalese context, one distinct problem is the prolonged duration of pending claims. This issue is prevalent in road construction contracts and can be attributed to two main factors: owner-dominated contracts and a lack of knowledge about contractual rights. However, the implementation of the new Arbitration Act in 1999 in Nepal brought about various changes in both traditional and alternative dispute resolution methods, aiming to address these challenges (Kisi et al., 2020). Understanding the causes and frequency of claims is crucial for project managers, owners, consultants, contractors, and legal professionals to adopt effective dispute resolution practices and settle claims in a timely manner. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering guidance on the best practices for alternative dispute resolution in Nepalese road construction contracts.

Issues in Ethics
Despite the growth of a very large literature on negotiation, contributed to by several disciplines, mediation has received surprisingly little attention, often being treated as a minor variant of bilateral negotiation. processes of mediation, looked at cross-culturally, differ very greatly in their degree of formality, the number of rules, the rigidity of the framework, imposed upon the disputants (Meadow, 2018). This indicates that while there is a lot of information about negotiation, mediation, particularly in the barangay justice system, has not been given enough focus. An analysis of different cultures highlights notable differences in the formalities, rules, and strictness of mediation procedures. The challenges faced by pacification councils in resolving disputes within the barangay justice system may arise from these differences and the apparent lack of attention to mediation in the wider negotiation conversation.
Complexity of Power in Facilitative Mediation
Power and power balancing in facilitative mediation is challenging and can illicit the best and the worst of mediator ethics and practice decision-making. Some practitioners feel challenged by the impact of power dynamics on their capacity to provide a fair and just process, while others are fearful of not being able to facilitate a fair and just outcome when imbalances of power are evident between the parties (Brandon et al., 2020). Facilitative mediation deals with the intricacies of power dynamics, presenting obstacles that challenge mediator ethics and decision-making. The article explores the twofold nature of power in mediation, recognizing the difficulties practitioners face in upholding a fair process in the presence of power imbalances. It investigates the subtle changes in power dynamics between parties and analyzes the impact that mediators have in shaping procedural and substantive justice. Additionally, the article outlines practical strategies for addressing power imbalances and guaranteeing a fair process.
Matrix of dilemmas
Cultural differences in international organizations often generate barriers to communication with the environment as well as management problems (Fandrejewska et al., 2018). It emphasizes on how cultural factors greatly shape the values, behavior, and communication within a group. Cultural considerations are crucial in the conflict resolution process, like how they can create communication and management barriers in international organizations. The subtleties of culture can significantly affect the success of peacekeeping efforts. Recognizing the cultural aspects at play among conflicting parties is essential for peace councils, as it directly impacts their capacity to manage and resolve conflicts. This overview emphasizes the wider importance of cultural sensitivity, not just in organizational settings, but also in the unique obstacles faced by peace councils in promoting fair and equitable dispute resolution processes.
On the other hand, this review demonstrates the significant progress made in the diversity literature in the domains of organizational behavior, human resource management, and industrial and organizational psychology regarding the definition, application, and consequences of workplace diversity. But as this review demonstrates, there is still a great deal of room for advancement (Roberson, 2019). Managing disputes within a culturally diverse community possess challenges in understanding and respecting various perspective."