Pretend you are a teacher preparing a quiz for the text I will provide. 
            Each quiz question should follow the format below. 
            Ensure that you carefully recheck the questions and answers for accuracy. 
            The output should be a ready-to-use list of dictionaries for the Python eval function:

            [

                    "question": "WRITE THE QUESTION HERE",
                    "options": ["A) OPTION_1", "B) OPTION_2", "C) OPTION_3", "D) OPTION_4"],
                    "answer": INDEX_OF_CORRECT_ANSWER_IN_OPTIONS_LIST,
                    "explanation": "EXPLAIN WHY THE ANSWER IS CORRECT"

            ]

            Text:
            creased tone in stomach & intestines result in slower peristalsis results in 
constipation. 
 Decreased appetite. 
 Decreased chewing 
 
 
Content 
 
~ 19 ~ 
Nursing Interventions: 
 Assess older adult’s ability to chew and swallow. 
 Assess nutritional health frequently. 
 Assist older adults in making changes with their eating habit as eating soft 
foods. 
 Encourage older adult to drink adequate amount of water (1.5 L). 
 Diets high in fiber.  
 Promote exercise. 
 Small frequent meals. 
 Low fat diet and limit the amount of caffeine and alcohol use. 
 Regular Bowel habit. 
 Maintain good oral hygiene & denture care. 
 Refer older adult for further oral evaluation if necessary. 
 Talk with your doctor about medication side effects. 
VIII. Endocrine System: 
 Because the endocrine system is so complex & interrelated it is difficult to 
discern the effects of aging on specific glands 
 In most glands there is some atrophy & decreased secretion with age. 
 Hormonal alterations are variable & gender-dependent Most apparent in: 
 Glucose homeostasis (Progressive decline in carbohydrate tolerance and 
increasing insulin resistance.) 
 Reproductive function. 
 In women, decreased estrogen (post menopause) & prolactin. 
 In men, decreased testosterone. 
 Calcium metabolism. 
Nursing intervention: 
 Educate elderly client regarding dietary needs and self-testing of blood 
glucose. 
 Further assessment need, monitor laboratory values, paying special 
attention to minerals, such as calcium and sodium levels, and blood glucose. 
 Assess for body temperature, weight, hair distribution or behavioral 
changes, which may indicate endocrine imbalance. 
 
Content 
 
~ 20 ~ 
 
IX. Urinary System: 
 Renal blood vessels become smaller & thicker reducing renal blood flow. 
 Decreased renal blood flow from about 600ml/min (at age 40) to about 
300ml/min (at age 80( 
 Kidney size decreases by 20-30% by age 90  . 
 Decreased GFR.  Typically begins to decline at about age 40.  By age 75 
GFR may be about 50% less than young adult.    
 The kidneys filter the blood more slowly than in younger years. As a result, 
medications remain in the bloodstream longer than they do in younger 
people. That changes in functioning compounds the danger of over-
medication. 
 Overall kidney function, however, remains normal unless there is excessive 
stress on the system. 
 The muscular ureters, urethra & bladder lose tone & elasticity.  The bladder 
may retain urine. This causes incomplete emptying.  
 Decline in bladder capacity from about 500-600mL to about 250ml that less 
urine can be stored in the bladder this causes more frequent urination. 
 The warning period between the urge and actual urination is shortened or 
lost as one age. 
 
Figure (6). Available at www.ccok.adam.com 
Nursing Interventions: 
 Dosages of medicine need to be closely and continuously monitored. 
 Assess for urinary frequency. 
 Assess frequency and timing of episodes o

            Quiz: