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Assistant: Caption: Probably, you have already seen on my channel a video about condensed milk and minibuses. Today we will continue
this mini-series, where I comment on my photos from a trip to Russia.
And here is another photo for you. What do you think it is? What's in the photo?
I, of course, do not hear your answers, but I think that many have understood that this is a dacha. I think many of
you have at least heard this word. Many probably know something about dacha or have even been to the
dachas of Russian friends. And today we will talk about dacha. This is such a big cultural phenomenon
in Russia and in Russian culture, so what I'm going to tell you today is literally a drop
in the ocean. "A drop in the sea" - this means that this is a very small part of all the information that can be
told about it. We will talk a little about what a dacha is and how the idea of ​​a
dacha has changed over time, I will tell you my personal memories of dacha, memories from
my childhood, and in the end I will comment on a few words and expressions associated with dachas - and,
accordingly, very connected with the realities of Russian life. I hope it will be interesting.
So, let's start with what dacha is. A dacha is a country house on a piece of land. Let's figure out
what this means. Country house - this means a house outside the city. This is the first characteristic of a
dacha: usually city dwellers, city dwellers have a dacha. But a dacha is something that is located
outside the city. And the second point: a house on a piece of land. A piece of land is
some territory of land. And, of course, the size of this plot of land, that is, the size of the
dacha, and how the house looks like in the dacha, and who can be the owner of the dacha, and why people
need a dacha - all this, of course, has changed a lot over time , over the centuries, so let's
talk a little about the history of dacha. It is believed that the first dachas appeared in the 18th century under Peter the Great.
In general, the word "dacha" itself comes from the verb "to give", that is, it is what was given to you
- "dacha". And where did this word come from? Peter the Great gave, or gifted, dachas
near St. Petersburg to his people - that is, to those who served him. First, it was a
way to reward a person for good service. Secondly, it was a way to settle in the territories around
St. Petersburg - the new capital at that time. And thirdly, so Peter the Great could constantly know that his
subjects - officials, employees - were not far from him. So to speak, always at hand. "At hand" is
an expression that means that something is nearby, close, and you can use it at any
time. And, of course, dacha at that time was a huge territory of the earth. A country house is more like a palace.
Luxurious house, big, it's a manor. (Manor is another important word for Russian culture). And the owner
of such a dacha could only be a nobleman - that is, an aristocrat who occupies a high position
in society and, of course, is rich. What happens next? Approximately in the middle of the 19th century, the rapid
development of dachas began. Firstly, railways appear, and therefore, not far from the railways and not far
from the city, summer cottages begin to be built - that is, these are such complexes of summer cottages. Dachas were rarely
built just separately, usually they were complexes of dachas, dachas with each other, that is, dacha
villages. And in the middle of the 19th century, it becomes very popular and practically, as historians of that time write
, practically "all of Moscow in the summer, in the summer season, leaves the city to rest in the countryside." And, of course, at that
time, again, only aristocrats could afford it - only rich, wealthy people.
Dacha vacation at this time, from the middle of the 19th century, really becomes such a Russian cultural
phenomenon and gets ... this is reflected in literature and in art. So, for example, if you
have read Dostoevsky's novel "The Idiot", then you remember that Prince Myshkin spent a lot of time
at dachas in Pavlovsk. In Soviet times, the size of dachas decreases, and the size of the house also decreases.
These are already small plots of land and relatively small houses. At this time, the dacha, again, as
under Peter the Great, are given. Given out to workers and employees, and prominent, important cultural figures.
That is, we can say that the entire Soviet elite had dachas: writers, scientists, and important employees. And
in Soviet times, the main purpose of a dacha (that is, why a dacha is needed) ...
the purpose of a dacha in Soviet times is not only a seasonal summer vacation, but also gardening.
What does it mean? On a plot of land, people garden, work: grow vegetables and fruits, and
do gardening. In Bulgakov's novel "Master and Margarita" there is a scene where the writers discuss
the issue of dachas. The writers discuss who got dachas and who didn't. They discuss who has a big house
in the countryside, who has how many rooms, and who is lucky and who is not. And there Bulgakov says that this question is
a "pain point". A pain point - that is, a question that people worry about. It is clear that
not all writers, for example, could get dachas. And there is just a dialogue about this: it is said
that, of course, only the most talented of us could get a dacha. The next time you
read or reread The Master and Margarita, pay attention to this dialogue. Well, at present
some of these cottages can be visited as a museum. For example, the famous Pasternak house
in Peredelkino is also a dacha. At one time it was a cottage, now it is a museum. Of course, for writers and
poets, a dacha, a country house in nature, could be an ideal place to work. It is understandable why
all the writers wanted to get such a plot of land. Well, already in the new Russia, in the 90s of the twentieth century
a new boom of dachas begins. And here already begins, one might say, my story, my memories.
a new boom of dachas begins. And here already begins, one might say, my story, my memories.
As you know, I grew up in Siberia, and my childhood was in the late 90s - early 2000s, and at that
time, according to my recollections, almost everyone had dachas. Dacha for us at that time was
primarily a place for growing vegetables and fruits, that is, first of all, a
place to work, and already in addition a place to relax outside the city, in nature. What did we grow
in the country? We grew potatoes, zucchini, cucumbers, carrots, cabbage, peas, onions, garlic and so on.
That is,  in principle, we did it to the maximum. I think that we practically did not buy vegetables that
we could grow in the countryside. And I think that was typical for many families at that time. Personally, our
house in dacha was quite small, and we very rarely spent the night there. That means staying
overnight. But I know that some families built bigger, more comfortable houses and stayed there
for a week or even a month, and sometimes for the whole summer. And, by the way, the conditions at the dachas differed
depending on the area, depending on the territory: for example, we had no water or no
electricity at the dacha, so it was really such a kind of "wild" outdoor rest. For example,
we cooked food on a fire or watered vegetables and fruits ... we watered everything with rainwater (that is,
water that we collected in special barrels after it rained). Well, in some
dachas there was both electricity and water, and of course, you can live in comfort for a long time. Purely from
my recollections, we children did not really like the dacha. Why? Because a trip to the dacha on weekends,
for example, means that we can't go to the yard and go for a walk, play with friends. So the children
did not like the dacha and complained when they had to go there to work. But, of course, it was mostly the parents who worked.
In general, as the youngest in the family, I think, I helped very little in the work at the dacha. But, for example, my
older sister, I think, helped quite a lot. I will share my favorite memories of dacha.
First, it's berries. We had a lot of berries in our country house. We grew strawberries, raspberries, currants,
plums, sea buckthorn, gooseberries and so on. And now it seems incredible, but we picked buckets of berries!
We had whole buckets of berries. We ate fresh berries, we froze them, our parents made jam... It
seems incredible, but as a child, sometimes I didn't even want to eat strawberries or raspberries. I said
that I was already fed up with berry. Yes, it’s hard to imagine now: now I buy such a small
package of strawberries or raspberries, and it is very expensive. The second favorite memory of the dacha is
barbecue. Kebabs are meat on fire, barbecue. And, of course, we usually went to the
dacha to work, but sometimes we went to the dacha for barbecue. This means that we cooked meat on the fire,
ate and mostly rested. It didn't happen very often. For example, my birthday is in the summer, and usually
on my birthday we went to the dacha for barbecues. And one more memory - of course, this is an unpleasant
memory, but a funny one. There are a lot of mosquitoes in Siberia in summer. Mosquitoes are small insects
that bite skin and drink blood. And, of course, when you work in the country, you need to protect yourself
from mosquitoes. How to do it? I think everyone had a life hack on how to protect themselves from mosquitoes. Of course, there were
special creams and special sprays, but it seems that the mosquitoes quickly adapted, quickly
adapted to all these means - and nothing helped. What definitely helped was the clothes. That is,
it was necessary to cover the entire body as much as possible. In summer, of course, it is warm, sunny, even hot, but you had to
wear something with long sleeves and pants, just to protect yourself from mosquitoes. And for some time,
such hats with a net were popular here (I'll try to find a photo and show it). And at
least with the help of such a hat it was possible to protect the face from mosquitoes. This is such a funny memory.
Well, now I want to comment on a few words related to the dacha and dacha
life. And the first word is garden. I think that each of you knows the word "garden". But when we say "garden",
I personally imagine a piece of land where fruit trees, flowers grow ... Well, when I say "garden",
I already imagine a piece of land where vegetables grow: potatoes, cabbage, carrots .. Now this is "ogorod", not
a garden. Therefore, when we say the word "cottage", for us, for me, first of all, "ogorod", not a garden.
The second interesting word is "zagotovki" for the winter. Now, of course, we
can buy tomatoes and even strawberries in the supermarket all year round. It has nothing to do with the season.
Maybe the prices change a little, but basically, everything is available all year round. This was not the case before.
And at a time when we actively went to the countryside and grew vegetables and fruits, we often used the
expression "prepare" or "cook for the winter." This means that it was necessary to save the products in order
to eat them later in the winter. After all, nothing grows in winter! And in order to preserve these products, you can,
for example, make jam from berries, you can freeze something, and you can also make zagotovki
- these are such different salads, pickled or salted cucumbers in jars, tomatoes and so on.
That is, it is usually put in such special jars, after the heat treatment, and then it
can be stored for a long time in a cold room. Different people in different regions use
different words for these products. You can hear, for example, "zagotovki" or "zakrutki", or "cans".
But one common point is that we are preparing it "for the winter". This expression "prepare something for the winter", I think,
is familiar to all my peers, and, in general, to all residents of Russia. Well, friends, now I'm
interested in you commenting on this video. Firstly, I'm wondering if you have any
equivalent of a dacha in your country? If yes, then tell us: what is it called, what are you doing there, and so
on. And secondly, tell us if you have been to Russian dachas. If yes, please share your
on. And secondly, tell us if you have been to Russian dachas. If yes, please share your
experience. In general, I'm waiting for your comments, thanks again and see you at the next lesson!
Title: ДАЧА! What is it and why do we love it? B1+ Russian listening practice (Rus, Eng subtitles)
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Other videos from this series: 
 - SGUSCHENKA - Russian's favourite dessert https://youtu.be/nCjVAKQ0Amw
 - MARSHRUTKA - Extreme public transport in Russia https://youtu.be/lNW9jK7cCm4 

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