You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


## PostgreSQL 9.3 add lock_timeout parameter  
                                                                    
### 作者                                                                       
digoal                                                               
                                                                
### 日期                                                                                                                                   
2013-05-06                                                             
                                                                   
### 标签                                                                
PostgreSQL , lock_timeout  
                                                                                                                                      
----                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                         
## 背景               
Add configuration variable lock_timeout to limit lock wait duration  
  
## 测试  
1\. 隐锁  
  
SESSION A :   
  
```  
digoal=# begin;  
BEGIN  
digoal=# insert into test values (1, 'info');  
INSERT 0 1  
```  
  
SESSION B :   
  
```  
digoal=# set client_min_messages='notice';  
SET  
digoal=# set lock_timeout='1s';  
SET  
digoal=# \set VERBOSITY verbose  
digoal=# truncate test;  
-- 1秒后  
ERROR:  57014: canceling statement due to lock timeout  
LOCATION:  ProcessInterrupts, postgres.c:2899  
```  
  
2\. 显锁  
  
接上例,   
  
SESSION B :   
  
```  
digoal=# lock table test in exclusive mode;  
-- 1秒后  
ERROR:  57014: canceling statement due to lock timeout  
LOCATION:  ProcessInterrupts, postgres.c:2899  
```  
  
SESSION A :   
  
```  
digoal=# begin;  
BEGIN  
digoal=# update test set info='test' where id=1;  
UPDATE 1  
```  
  
SESSION B :   
  
```  
digoal=# select * from test where id=1 for update;  
ERROR:  57014: canceling statement due to lock timeout  
LOCATION:  ProcessInterrupts, postgres.c:2899  
-- nowait不会等1秒.  
digoal=# select * from test where id=1 for update nowait;  
ERROR:  55P03: could not obtain lock on row in relation "test"  
LOCATION:  heap_lock_tuple, heapam.c:4269  
```  
  
## 其他  
1\. statement_timeout会比lock_timeout先触发, 所以配置lock_timeout大于等于statement_timeout是没有意义的.  
  
2\. 不建议将lock_timeout配置在postgresql.conf中, 因为这样会对所有会话生效. 例如备份也很有可能失败.  
  
3\. lock_timeout对隐锁和显锁都会生效.  
  
4\. 行锁级别信息  
  
src/include/access/heapam.h  
  
```  
/*  
 * Possible lock modes for a tuple.  
 */  
typedef enum LockTupleMode  
{  
        /* SELECT FOR KEY SHARE */  
        LockTupleKeyShare,  
        /* SELECT FOR SHARE */  
        LockTupleShare,  
        /* SELECT FOR NO KEY UPDATE, and UPDATEs that don't modify key columns */  
        LockTupleNoKeyExclusive,  
        /* SELECT FOR UPDATE, UPDATEs that modify key columns, and DELETE */  
        LockTupleExclusive  
} LockTupleMode;  
```  
  
## 参考  
1\. http://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=d43837d03067487560af481474ae985df894f786  
  
2\. http://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/static/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-LOCK-TIMEOUT  
  
lock_timeout (integer)  
  
```  
Abort any statement that waits longer than the specified number of milliseconds while attempting to acquire a lock on a table, index, row, or other database object.   
  
The time limit applies separately to each lock acquisition attempt.   
  
The limit applies both to explicit locking requests (such as LOCK TABLE, or SELECT FOR UPDATE without NOWAIT) and to implicitly-acquired locks.   
  
If log_min_error_statement is set to ERROR or lower, the statement that timed out will be logged. A value of zero (the default) turns this off.  
  
Unlike statement_timeout, this timeout can only occur while waiting for locks.   
  
Note that if statement_timeout is nonzero, it is rather pointless to set lock_timeout to the same or larger value,   
since the statement timeout would always trigger first.  
  
Setting lock_timeout in postgresql.conf is not recommended because it would affect all sessions.  
```  
  
3\. http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/16387704020131172754749/  
  
4\. http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/16387704020130312271679/  
  
5\. http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/163877040201291575523922/  
  
6\. http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/163877040201210134586363/  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
#### [PostgreSQL 许愿链接](https://github.com/digoal/blog/issues/76 "269ac3d1c492e938c0191101c7238216")
您的愿望将传达给PG kernel hacker、数据库厂商等, 帮助提高数据库产品质量和功能, 说不定下一个PG版本就有您提出的功能点. 针对非常好的提议，奖励限量版PG文化衫、纪念品、贴纸、PG热门书籍等，奖品丰富，快来许愿。[开不开森](https://github.com/digoal/blog/issues/76 "269ac3d1c492e938c0191101c7238216").  
  
  
#### [9.9元购买3个月阿里云RDS PostgreSQL实例](https://www.aliyun.com/database/postgresqlactivity "57258f76c37864c6e6d23383d05714ea")
  
  
#### [PostgreSQL 解决方案集合](https://yq.aliyun.com/topic/118 "40cff096e9ed7122c512b35d8561d9c8")
  
  
#### [德哥 / digoal's github - 公益是一辈子的事.](https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/README.md "22709685feb7cab07d30f30387f0a9ae")
  
  
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