You are a helpful assistant generating synthetic data that captures *System 1* and *System 2* thinking, *creativity*, and *metacognitive reflection*. Follow these steps in sequence, using tags [sys1] and [end sys1] for *System 1* sections and [sys2] and [end sys2] for *System 2* sections.

1. *Identify System 1 and System 2 Thinking Requirements:*
   - Carefully read the text.
   - Identify parts of the text that require quick, straightforward responses (*System 1*). Mark these sections with [sys1] and [end sys1].
   - Identify parts that require in-depth, reflective thinking (*System 2*), marked with [sys2] and [end sys2].

2. *Apply Step-by-Step Problem Solving with Creativity and Metacognitive Reflection for System 2 Sections:*

   *2.1 Understand the Problem:*
   - Objective: Fully comprehend the issue, constraints, and relevant context.
   - Reflection: "What do I understand about this issue? What might I be overlooking?"
   - Creative Perspective: Seek hidden patterns or possibilities that could reveal deeper insights or innovative connections.

   *2.2 Analyze the Information:*
   - Objective: Break down the problem logically.
   - Reflection: "Am I considering all factors? Are there any assumptions that need challenging?"
   - Creative Perspective: Explore unique patterns or overlooked relationships in the data that could add depth to the analysis.

   *2.3 Generate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Propose at least 10 hypotheses, each with a Confidence Score (0.0 to 1.0) and Creative Score (0.0 to 1.0), reflecting originality, surprise, and utility.
   - Reflection: "Have I explored all possible explanations or approaches, both conventional and unconventional?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider novel angles that might provide unexpected insights.

   *2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:*
   - Objective: Make predictions, accounting for potential outcomes and obstacles.
   - Reflection: "What challenges might I face? Is my plan flexible for different scenarios?"
   - Creative Perspective: Visualize unforeseen outcomes and adapt plans to make use of them effectively.

   *2.5 Evaluate Hypotheses:*
   - Objective: Assess hypotheses based on feasibility, risk, and potential impact.
   - Evaluation: Refine Confidence and Creative Scores as needed.
   - Reflection: "Am I unbiased in my assessment? Which options fit best with the overall objectives?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify hidden opportunities or overlooked details in each hypothesis.

   *2.6 Select the Best Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Choose the most promising, strategic hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Why does this hypothesis stand out? How does it uniquely address the issue?"
   - Creative Perspective: Consider any underutilized potential in the selected approach.

   *2.7 Implement the Hypothesis:*
   - Objective: Outline actionable steps for testing the hypothesis.
   - Reflection: "Is this plan practical? What resources or preparation are required?"
   - Creative Perspective: Refine steps to maximize effectiveness and yield unexpected benefits.

   *2.8 Monitor and Review Progress:*
   - Objective: Review progress, noting areas for improvement.
   - Reflection: "What’s working well? What could be improved?"
   - Creative Perspective: Look for emerging patterns that could refine future approaches.

   *2.9 Reflect and Capture Insights:*
   - Objective: Summarize lessons learned and insights gained for future reference.
   - Reflection: "What new understanding has emerged from this process?"
   - Creative Perspective: Identify innovative insights or patterns that could be applied to similar challenges.

3. *Generate Text Output with Interleaved System 1 and System 2 Responses:*
   - Use the tags [sys1] and [sys2] throughout.
   - Aim for a lengthier, detailed response. Combine both direct, straightforward *System 1* insights and reflective, deeply analytical *System 2* segments to capture a blend of quick observations and thoughtful analysis.

---

### *Example Input Text:*

You are tasked with analyzing a sudden shift in customer preferences in a tech market. There has been a noticeable decline in demand for physical devices, with customers increasingly interested in digital-only options. The challenge is to understand this shift, generate hypotheses for why it might be occurring, and explore potential strategies for adapting to this new trend.

---

### *Processed Output with System 1 and System 2 Thinking:*

The tech market is experiencing a shift in customer demand, moving away from physical devices toward digital-only options.

[sys1]
Customer demand has shifted from physical devices to digital-only options.
We need to understand why this change is happening and find strategies to address it.
Key factors may include cost, convenience, and technological trends.
[end sys1]

[sys2]
**2.1 Understand the Problem:**
The goal is to understand the underlying reasons for the shift in demand from physical devices to digital-only options, then develop a strategy to adapt.

*Reflection:* 
"I understand that preferences are changing, but what might be driving this? Is it primarily cost, or are there other factors such as convenience or sustainability?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could there be a larger trend in digital minimalism or a preference for eco-friendly solutions that we’re missing? What unseen motivations might explain this shift?"

**2.2 Analyze the Information:**
There are multiple possible factors driving this shift, from economic influences to cultural shifts. It’s essential to isolate each factor and understand its impact.

*Reflection:* 
"Am I fully considering the various economic and social influences? Could there be a technological factor, like better internet speeds, that makes digital-only products more accessible?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Are there patterns or trends in other markets that could shed light on this shift? Could this be part of a larger trend toward virtual experiences?"

**2.3 Generate Hypotheses:**
1. Customers prefer digital options due to lower costs. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.4)
2. There’s a growing trend toward minimalism and reduced physical clutter. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.7)
3. Digital products offer greater flexibility and ease of use. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
4. Environmental concerns are pushing consumers away from physical goods. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.8)
5. Advances in tech make digital-only options more functional. (Confidence: 0.8, Creative: 0.5)
6. Pandemic-era remote work increased demand for digital solutions. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.6)
7. Media coverage of the environmental impact of physical devices affects preferences. (Confidence: 0.5, Creative: 0.7)
8. There’s an increase in global digital literacy, expanding market access. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)
9. Customers view digital as more convenient and scalable for future needs. (Confidence: 0.7, Creative: 0.5)
10. Younger consumers prefer the aesthetics and convenience of digital products. (Confidence: 0.6, Creative: 0.6)

*Reflection:* 
"Have I considered all possible influences? Are there any surprising factors that could explain this shift?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could specific social trends, like the rise of influencer culture or digital-first lifestyles, be influencing customer choices?"

**2.4 Anticipate Future Steps and Obstacles:**
*Objective:* Anticipate possible challenges, such as resistance from segments still preferring physical products.

*Reflection:* 
"What market obstacles might we face if we shift our focus to digital-only? Are there sub-segments that still prioritize physical products?"

*Creative Perspective:* 
"Could expanding digital options help us reach a more global audience? Are there emerging trends that we could leverage in our strategy?"

[end sys2]

[sys1]
To address this shift, consider a strategy that incorporates both digital-only offerings and educational campaigns about the benefits of digital solutions.
Use insights from customer feedback and current trends to guide product development.
Focus on flexibility and adaptation to cater to different customer segments.
[end sys1]


/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.flink.runtime.io.disk.iomanager;

import org.apache.flink.core.memory.MemorySegment;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.io.disk.FileChannelManager;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.io.disk.FileChannelManagerImpl;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.io.disk.iomanager.FileIOChannel.Enumerator;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.io.disk.iomanager.FileIOChannel.ID;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.io.network.buffer.Buffer;
import org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

/**
 * The facade for the provided I/O manager services.
 */
public abstract class IOManager implements AutoCloseable {
	protected static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IOManager.class);

	private static final String DIR_NAME_PREFIX = "io";

	private final FileChannelManager fileChannelManager;

	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
	//               Constructors / Destructors
	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Constructs a new IOManager.
	 *
	 * @param tempDirs The basic directories for files underlying anonymous channels.
	 */
	protected IOManager(String[] tempDirs) {
		this.fileChannelManager = new FileChannelManagerImpl(Preconditions.checkNotNull(tempDirs), DIR_NAME_PREFIX);
	}

	/**
	 * Removes all temporary files.
	 */
	@Override
	public void close() throws Exception {
		fileChannelManager.close();
	}

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	//                          Channel Instantiations
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Creates a new {@link ID} in one of the temp directories. Multiple invocations of this
	 * method spread the channels evenly across the different directories.
	 *
	 * @return A channel to a temporary directory.
	 */
	public ID createChannel() {
		return fileChannelManager.createChannel();
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a new {@link Enumerator}, spreading the channels in a round-robin fashion
	 * across the temporary file directories.
	 *
	 * @return An enumerator for channels.
	 */
	public Enumerator createChannelEnumerator() {
		return fileChannelManager.createChannelEnumerator();
	}

	/**
	 * Deletes the file underlying the given channel. If the channel is still open, this
	 * call may fail.
	 *
	 * @param channel The channel to be deleted.
	 */
	public static void deleteChannel(ID channel) {
		if (channel != null) {
			if (channel.getPathFile().exists() && !channel.getPathFile().delete()) {
				LOG.warn("IOManager failed to delete temporary file {}", channel.getPath());
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the directories that the I/O manager spills to.
	 *
	 * @return The directories that the I/O manager spills to.
	 */
	public File[] getSpillingDirectories() {
		return fileChannelManager.getPaths();
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the directories that the I/O manager spills to, as path strings.
	 *
	 * @return The directories that the I/O manager spills to, as path strings.
	 */
	public String[] getSpillingDirectoriesPaths() {
		File[] paths = fileChannelManager.getPaths();
		String[] strings = new String[paths.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
			strings[i] = paths[i].getAbsolutePath();
		}
		return strings;
	}

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	//                        Reader / Writer instantiations
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Creates a block channel writer that writes to the given channel. The writer adds the
	 * written segment to its return-queue afterwards (to allow for asynchronous implementations).
	 *
	 * @param channelID The descriptor for the channel to write to.
	 * @return A block channel writer that writes to the given channel.
	 * @throws IOException Thrown, if the channel for the writer could not be opened.
	 */
	public BlockChannelWriter<MemorySegment> createBlockChannelWriter(ID channelID) throws IOException {
		return createBlockChannelWriter(channelID, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>());
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a block channel writer that writes to the given channel. The writer adds the
	 * written segment to the given queue (to allow for asynchronous implementations).
	 *
	 * @param channelID The descriptor for the channel to write to.
	 * @param returnQueue The queue to put the written buffers into.
	 * @return A block channel writer that writes to the given channel.
	 * @throws IOException Thrown, if the channel for the writer could not be opened.
	 */
	public abstract BlockChannelWriter<MemorySegment> createBlockChannelWriter(
		ID channelID,
		LinkedBlockingQueue<MemorySegment> returnQueue) throws IOException;

	/**
	 * Creates a block channel writer that writes to the given channel. The writer calls the given callback
	 * after the I/O operation has been performed (successfully or unsuccessfully), to allow
	 * for asynchronous implementations.
	 *
	 * @param channelID The descriptor for the channel to write to.
	 * @param callback The callback to be called for
	 * @return A block channel writer that writes to the given channel.
	 * @throws IOException Thrown, if the channel for the writer could not be opened.
	 */
	public abstract BlockChannelWriterWithCallback<MemorySegment> createBlockChannelWriter(
		ID channelID,
		RequestDoneCallback<MemorySegment> callback) throws IOException;

	/**
	 * Creates a block channel reader that reads blocks from the given channel. The reader pushed
	 * full memory segments (with the read data) to its "return queue", to allow for asynchronous read
	 * implementations.
	 *
	 * @param channelID The descriptor for the channel to write to.
	 * @return A block channel reader that reads from the given channel.
	 * @throws IOException Thrown, if the channel for the reader could not be opened.
	 */
	public BlockChannelReader<MemorySegment> createBlockChannelReader(ID channelID) throws IOException {
		return createBlockChannelReader(channelID, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>());
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a block channel reader that reads blocks from the given channel. The reader pushes the full segments
	 * to the given queue, to allow for asynchronous implementations.
	 *
	 * @param channelID The descriptor for the channel to write to.
	 * @param returnQueue The queue to put the full buffers into.
	 * @return A block channel reader that reads from the given channel.
	 * @throws IOException Thrown, if the channel for the reader could not be opened.
	 */
	public abstract BlockChannelReader<MemorySegment> createBlockChannelReader(
		ID channelID,
		LinkedBlockingQueue<MemorySegment> returnQueue) throws IOException;

	public abstract BufferFileWriter createBufferFileWriter(ID channelID) throws IOException;

	public abstract BufferFileReader createBufferFileReader(
		ID channelID,
		RequestDoneCallback<Buffer> callback) throws IOException;

	public abstract BufferFileSegmentReader createBufferFileSegmentReader(
		ID channelID,
		RequestDoneCallback<FileSegment> callback) throws IOException;

	/**
	 * Creates a block channel reader that reads all blocks from the given channel directly in one bulk.
	 * The reader draws segments to read the blocks into from a supplied list, which must contain as many
	 * segments as the channel has blocks. After the reader is done, the list with the full segments can be
	 * obtained from the reader.
	 *
	 * <p>If a channel is not to be read in one bulk, but in multiple smaller batches, a
	 * {@link BlockChannelReader} should be used.
	 *
	 * @param channelID The descriptor for the channel to write to.
	 * @param targetSegments The list to take the segments from into which to read the data.
	 * @param numBlocks The number of blocks in the channel to read.
	 * @return A block channel reader that reads from the given channel.
	 * @throws IOException Thrown, if the channel for the reader could not be opened.
	 */
	public abstract BulkBlockChannelReader createBulkBlockChannelReader(
		ID channelID,
		List<MemorySegment> targetSegments,
		int numBlocks) throws IOException;
}