afrimedqa/afrimedqa_v2 huggingface dataset:
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Patients with the following conditions typically present with primary amenorrhoea:


Answer options: option1: Uterus didelphys
option2: Imperforate hymen
option3: Anorexia nervosa
option4: Testicular feminization
option5: Untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Correct answer: option2,option4,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Puberty:
Answer options: option1: Puberty is preceded by decreasing pulses of follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH)
option2: Breast development precedes the growth spurt
option3: Public hair growth precedes axillary hair growth
option4: Menarche occurs between 9 and 17 years of age
option5: Menstrual cycle at menarche are usually regular
Correct answer: option3,option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Sexual differentiation:
Answer options: option1: Genetic sex is the same as gonadal sex
option2: The presence of the second X-chromosome determines female differentiation
option3: The Mullerian duct develop into the internal organs of the female
option4: The SRY gene of the Y-chromosome produces testicular determining factor
option5: The 45XO phenotype is female
Correct answer: option3,option4,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Age changes in the genital tract:
Answer options: option1: There is increased atrophy and fat deposition in the vulva after the menopause
option2: The vagina is devoid of glycogen before puberty and after the menopause
option3: The ratio of cervical to uterine length decreases after the menopause
option4: Remnants of the hymen after childbirth are known as carunculae myrtiformes
option5: At birth, the neonatal vagina is well developed and has a low pH (< 5)
Correct answer: option2,option4,option5
Specialty: Infectious_Disease

Which statement is not true?


Answer options: option1: malaria is possible even if full prophylaxis is given
option2: a maculopapular rash is characteristic and common in malaria
option3: vivax, ovale and malariae can all be managed as outpatients if the patient is otherwise well and healthy
option4: hloroquine does not extinguish the dormant liver phase in vivax and ovale
option5: splenomegaly with rupture is possible.
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Infectious_Disease
Which statement is true regarding CT and LP in AIDS patients?

Answer options: option1: They should all have a Head CT prior to an LP
option2: If they have no focal neurology don not need a Head CT
option3: if the have a GCS of 15 they do not need a CT
option4: If they are not febrile they do not need a Head CT
option5: all of the above
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The nerve supply to the vulva is derived from:
Answer options: option1: The pudendal nerve
option2: The ilio-inguinal nerve
option3: The genitofemoral nerve
option4: The Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
option5: The inferior haemorrhoidal nerve
Correct answer: option1,option2,option3,option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
During development of the genital organs:
Answer options: option1: The genital organs develop from the ectoderm
option2: The paramesonephric duct develops to form the Mullerian system
option3: The Mulleran duct divides to form the Fallopian tubes and ovaries
option4: The genital tubercle forms the clitoris and labia majora
option5: The number of oocytes starts to decline from before birth
Correct answer: option2,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Hyperandrogenism
Answer options: option1: Dihydrotestosterone is 100 times more potent than testosterone
option2: Spironolactone can be used in its treatment
option3: Associated with Excessive growth of normal Hair
option4: Does not affect voice
option5: Ferryman Galway’s classification is used to assess the level of hirsutism
Correct answer: option1,option2,option3,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Adenomyosis
Answer options: option1: Commoner in nulliparous than multi parous
option2: It has a true capsule
option3: Can present with secondary dysmenorrhea
option4: Cure rate is 100% surgically
option5: Formed by the invasion of the superficial layer of the endometrium
Correct answer: option4,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The Vagina
Answer options: option1: Is a distensible tube which contains air in the supine position
option2: It is about 8cm long with anterior part longer than posterior
option3: It has glands which secrete glycogen
option4: It has about four fornices
option5: Doderlin's bacillus breaks down glycogen to produce acid ph
Correct answer: option1,option4,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The following are well matched
Answer options: option1: Prematurity and Necrotizing Entero Colitis
option2: Low Birth Weight and deafness
option3: Monochorionic twins and polyhydramnios
option4: Ritrodine and respiratory distress
option5: MgS04 and 10% calcium gluconate
Correct answer: option1,option2,option3,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Vesico Vaginal Fistula
a. T
b.  F
c. T
d.         T
e.  F

Answer options: option1: Repair by vaginal approach is better than abdominal approach
option2: Commonly due to CS than prolonged pregnancy
option3: Vaginal sutures are placed at right angles to fistula repair
option4: Catheter retention for 14 days is advisable
option5: Repair is by culpoclesis
Correct answer: option1,option3,option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Breech Presentation
Answer options: option1: Complicates 3% of pregnancies
option2: Use of forceps is contraindicated in breech delivery
option3: extended neck is an indication for caesarean delivery
option4: Oligohydramnios is a known cause of breech presentation
option5: Polyhydramnios is recognized cause of breech
Correct answer: option1,option3,option4,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Concerning the vulva
Answer options: option1: The vestibule is the area between the labia minora.
option2: The vestibule is perforated by the urethral and vaginal orifices and the ducts of Bartholin’s glands
option3: The labia minora contain fat and many sebaceous glands
option4: The lateral labial surfaces are pigmented and hairy.
option5: Mons pubis is not a component
Correct answer: option1,option2,option3,option4,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The following are related
Answer options: option1: Mobilincusspp and Bacteria vaginosis
option2: Ebstein Barr virus and	Genital wart
option3: Gonorrhoea and Bartholins abscess
option4: Strep hemolytic	and	HELLPS Syndrome
option5: T. vaginalis and Green frothy discharge
Correct answer: option1,option3,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Cancer of the cervix
Answer options: option1: Is the leading malignancy in women worldwide
option2: Direct spread is more likely than lymphatic spread
option3: Hydronephrosis in the patient is compatible with Stage IIA
option4: Is commoner in women with high parity
option5: Simple hysterectomy alone is adequate treatment for Stage IA I
Correct answer: option2,option4
Specialty: Radiology
Concerning ultrasonography 

Answer options: option1: works by piezoelectric effect
option2: frequency of radiation is from 3.5 MHz to 7.5MHz
option3: Transvaginal scans can be used for the diagnosis of placenta praevia
option4: second trimester ultrasound can be used to predict placenta accreta
option5: It is mandatory for chorionic villous sampling
Correct answer: option1,option2,option4,option5
Specialty: Infectious_Disease
	HIV in Africa:


Answer options: option1: Circumcision is associated with lower rates of HIV infection amongst African men
option2: Pneumocystis pneumonia is a more common presentation of AIDS in Africa than in Europe
option3: The provision of HIV testing kits is a priority for good case management
option4: Infection rates are generally higher in rural populations.
option5: Prevention of Mother-to-child transmission programs have been ineffective in disease control.
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Which of these Matches are correct?
Answer options: option1: Ovarian artery & Internal iliac
option2: Endometrial TB  &  Caseation
option3: Chlamydia infections  &  Protease inhibitors
option4: Cuff salpingostomy &  Ectopic gestation
option5: Buserelin & Hormone replacement therapy
Correct answer: option1,option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Dysfunctional Uterine bleeding
 F
 T
 T
  F
        F

Answer options: option1: Has an easily identifiable cause
option2: Usually occurs in anovulatory cycles
option3: Hysteroscopy can be used for diagnoses
option4: Cause is mainly organic
option5: It is associated with insulin resistance
Correct answer: option2,option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Which of the following can be used for Post coital contraception?
Answer options: option1: Esmya (Ulipristal acetat
option2: Danazol
option3: Misoprostol
option4: Levonorgestrel 750mg
option5: Combined Oral contraceptive
Correct answer: option1,option2,option4,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Active management of third stage of labour includes
Answer options: option1: Immediate cord clamping and cutting of the cord without awaiting cessation of cord pulsation
option2: Quick transfusion of blood in bleeding patient
option3: Delivery of placenta by controlled cord traction without waiting for the signs of placenta separation
option4: Delivery of the placenta and membranes by the expectant method
option5: Administration of oxytocic immediately after the delivery of the baby by any route
Correct answer: option3,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Maternal cardiovascular haematological changes:

Answer options: option1: The red cell mass decreases
option2: The haemoglobin concentration and white cell count decrease
option3: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases
option4: The stroke volume increases
option5: The peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure decrease
Correct answer: option3,option4,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Medical treatment of hyperprolactinemia
Answer options: option1: Bromocriptine normalizes the prolactin levels within 2 months
option2: Bromocriptine is given at 12.5mg nocte
option3: Cabergoline given twice weekly is recommended
option4: Patients with macroprolactinoma should start with a twice daily dose of bromocryptine
option5: Pituitary adenoma can cause bitemporal hemianopia
Correct answer: option1,option3,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Kallman’s syndrome is characterized by
 F
  T
  T
  T
 F

Answer options: option1: Precocious puberty
option2: Over secretion of gonadotrophin releasing hormone
option3: Anosmia
option4: Amenorrhoea
option5: Genital hypertrophy
Correct answer: option2,option3,option4
Specialty: Infectious_Disease
22.	Which of these is true about Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis of childhood?


Answer options: option1: Is fatal in about half of cases
option2: Usually presents with acute renal failure
option3: Is usually crescentic on microscopy
option4: Can occur after streptococcal cellulitis
option5: Hematuria is not a presenting feature.
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of pregnancy
Answer options: option1: Is associated with Obstetric haemorrhage
option2: Worse with successive pregnancy
option3: Previous use of estrogen containing pills is a factor
option4: Jaundice is usually a late feature
option5: Chlorpheniramine is used for symptom relief
Correct answer: option1,option2,option3,option4,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Regarding Polycystic Ovarian Disease
Answer options: option1: Is otherwise called Stein Leventhal Syndrome
option2: LH: FSH ratio is decreased
option3: It is associated with anovulatory cycle
option4: It is associated with hormonal imbalance
option5: It is treated by hormone replacement therapy
Correct answer: option1,option2,option3,option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Preeclampsia 
Answer options: option1: Is associated with glomerular endotheliosis
option2: Severe preeclampsia can result in liver failure, thrombocytopenia and blindness
option3: Is associated with acute arterial atherosis
option4: Is associated with lack of trophoblast infiltration of arterial wall
option5: Is associated with decreased arterial sensitivity to angiotensin 11
Correct answer: option1,option2,option4,option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Vesicovaginal fistula

Answer options: option1: Commonest cause in Nigeria is cervical cancer
option2: Requires bladder drainage for 5 days after repair for small fistula
option3: Can heal spontaneously with resting the bladder
option4: Is occasionally associated with foot drop
option5: Use of Vaseline ointment on the vulvar reduces the risk of excoriation
Correct answer: option3,option4,option5
Specialty: Pediatrics

50. A 6 week old infant weighing 5 kg has stridor and it worsens when he gets upset. He looks well on examination and has no distress and no cyanosis. What is the likely diagnosis?
Answer options: option1: foreign body
option2: croup
option3: laryngeal web
option4: larygnomalacia
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 3 year old presents to the hospital with epistaxis and multiple bruises on the left arm. She has been recently unwell with cough and colds. Her mother reports some weight loss. On examination, she was pale and a bruise on her left arm was 5 cm x 8 cm and 5 cm splenomegaly. What is your MOST LIKELY diagnosis?
Answer options: option1: A. Non-accidental injury
option2: B. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
option3: C. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia
option4: D. Henoch-schönlein purpura
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Cardiology
61.	Ultrasound is useful in medical imaging. In Echocardiography, which of the following typical frequency use is best matched?
A.	
B.	
C.	
D.	

Answer options: option1: 15MHz for intracardiac echocardiography
option2: 2–7MHz for cardiac imaging
option3: 50-–80MHz for intravascular imaging.
option4: 10–40MHz range is used for acoustic microscopy
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
HIV mother on ARV therapy delivers by SVD. Regarding PMTC ,

Answer options: option1: . Start septrin prophylaxis in 1st week for pneumocystis pneumonia
option2: Start Zidovudine prophylaxis immediately  for 6 weeks
option3: Breastfeed and use formula
option4: Start prophylactic zidovudine and Neverapine immediately till 12 weeks
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics

42. A neonate on exam was noted to have hypotonia, protruding tongue, flat nasal bridge and wide sandal gap. Which of the following is this child at risk of getting
Answer options: option1: wilms tumor
option2: burkitt lymphoma
option3: acute lymphoblastic leukemia
option4: retinoblastoma
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Rationale: N:A
Specialty: Pediatrics
Choose the false statement concerning osteomyelitis in children.

Answer options: option1: A. staphylococcus aureus remains a common causative organism in sickle cell disease patients
option2: length of treatment in acute disease is 2 to 4 weeks
option3: X-ray is unreliable for diagnosis in early disease.
option4: A high dose of oral antibiotics is adequate for the entire duration of treatment.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Rationale: N/a
Specialty: Endocrinology
Criteria for the diagnosis of prediabetes in nonpregnant individuals include the following except
	

Answer options: option1: A1C 5.7–6.4% (39–47 mmol/mol)
option2: FPG 100- 125 mg/dL (5.6-6.9 mmol/L)
option3: 2-h PG during 75-g OGTT 140- 199mg/dL (7.8-11.0 mmol/L)
option4: An individual with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia plus a random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL (≥11.1 mmol/L)
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics
Initial management of hypovolic shock in a 2 year old involves 20 ml/kg of

Answer options: option1: A. 10% dextrose over 10 mins
option2: B.1/5 NS in 4.3 dextrose
option3: 0.9% Normal saline as bolus
option4: to intubate the child
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
An 18 month old girl who is developing normally can walk with a steady gait, open pages, point at pictures, and carry toys while walking. What else should she be able to do?

Answer options: option1: Have a vocabulary of 50 words
option2: Feed herself with a fork and knife
option3: Build a tower of 3 bricks
option4: Open a large button
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Endocrinology

Concerning lipid lowering drugs which is incorrectly matched 

Answer options: option1: Fibrates- Gemfibrozil
option2: Anion-exchange resins- Cholestyramine
option3: Cholesterol absorption blocker- Ezetimibe
option4: Nicotinic acid – Omega 3 carboxylic acid
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics

29. Which of the following is true regarding otitis media in children?
Answer options: option1: Common bacterial cause is H. Influenza
option2: Chronic and recurrent otitis media lead to sensorineural hearing loss
option3: C. Must be treated with a full course of antibiotics
option4: D. Viral upper respiratory tract infection is a common cause
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Rationale: N:A
Specialty: Pediatrics

28. About Kawasaki disease, which of the following is true?
Answer options: option1: A. Vasculitis of large arteries
option2: B. Treated with IV antibiotics
option3: C. Associated with coronary aneurysms
option4: D. Aspirin is contraindicated
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Rationale: N/a
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Contraception
Answer options: option1: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is usually administered as 250 mg intramuscularly every three months
option2: Progesterone-only pills inhibit ovulation
option3: Norplant implants contain 5 silastic capsules
option4: The failure rate of the combined pill is lower than that of IUCD
option5: none of the above
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Polyhydramnios
Answer options: option1: Refers to amniotic fluid above 95percentile
option2: Is associated with anencephaly
option3: Often complicate diabetes mellitus in pregnancy
option4: Chorioangioma of the placenta is a rare cause
option5: Is associated with renal agenesis in the fetus
Correct answer: option1,option2,option3
Specialty: Pediatrics

26. A 6 yr old presents to the outpatient department with cyanosis. There is a grade 4/6 murmur on auscultation. Which of the following is most unlikely?
Answer options: option1: A. Tetralogy of Fallot
option2: B. Coarctation of aorta
option3: C. Truncus arteriosus
option4: D. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 10 year old child with allergy to egg, who ate cake at a party and presented to the emergency with wheeze, swollen lips and tongue, and hypotension. What will be the appropriate treatment to give?
Answer options: option1: A. 0.1mg/kg of 1 in 10,000 IV Adrenaline
option2: B. 0.1mg/kg of 1 in 1000 IM Adrenaline
option3: C. 5 in 1 of 1000 nebulised Adrenaline
option4: D. 5 in 1 of 10,000 nebulised Adrenaline
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The uterus

Answer options: option1: Is embryologically derived from the Mullerian structures
option2: Weighs about 70 g in a non-pregnant adult
option3: Develops from the Wolfian structures
option4: Is anteflexed and anteverted in most women
option5: In a term pregnancy weighs about 1kg
Correct answer: option1,option2,option4,option5
Rationale: n/a
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Pelvic diameters
Answer options: option1: The normal transverse diameter of the pelvic mid-cavity is 11 cm
option2: The transverse and antero-posterior diameters of the mid-cavity are similar
option3: The transverse diameter of the outlet measures 13.5
option4: The true conjugate diameter of the pelvic outlet is 3 cm shorter than the diagnonal conjugate diameter
option5: The antero-posterior diameter of the pelvic outlet is measured from the lower border of the pubic symphysis to the lower border of the coccyx
Correct answer: option1,option2,option5
Specialty: Pediatrics

21. Which of these ARVs is incorrectly matched with the side effect

Answer options: option1: A. Nevirapine-Skin rash
option2: B. Efavirenz-Psychosis
option3: Abacavir-Anaemia
option4: D. Tenofovir-Dyslipidaemia
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Rationale: N/a
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Levonorgestrel intrauterine contraception device

Answer options: option1: Has a higher ectopic pregnancy rate than Copper T
option2: Has a lower failure rate than the Copper
option3: Reduces the risk of pelvic infection
option4: May cause menorrhagia
option5: Is especially useful in the nulliparous woman
Correct answer: option2,option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Levonorgestrel intrauterine contraception device
F
 T        T
      T
               F
 F

Answer options: option1: Has a higher ectopic pregnancy rate than Copper T
option2: Has a lower failure rate than the Copper
option3: Reduces the risk of pelvic infection
option4: May cause menorrhagia
option5: Is especially useful in the nulliparous woman
Correct answer: option2,option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
 In choriocarcinoma
Answer options: option1: histological examination often shows pleomorphic cytotrophoblast but absence of chorionic villi.
option2: a third of cases present with distant metastasis
option3: the antecedent pregnancy is usually a termed pregnancy or abortion
option4: lymph node metastasis are common
option5: a characteristic snowstorm pattern is seen on outline on ultrasonography
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
Regarding the management of dehydration in malnourished children, which of the following is FALSE
Answer options: option1: RESOMAL is preferred for the management of the dehydration than the ORS
option2: Intravenous fluids is required for moderate and severe dehydration
option3: Severity of dehydration is often overestimated
option4: . Fluids should be given slowly and cautious
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A child is presenting with wheeze. He is afebrile, sleeps and feeds well. Examination is normal except bilateral rhonchi. What is the appropriate management?
Answer options: option1: Give oral antibiotics
option2: Give decongestants
option3: Reassure mother and discharge child on  open appointment
option4: Do a trial of salbutamol
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics

10. A preterm infant is now 7 weeks old. She was intubated for 2 weeks and was weaned off oxygen
at 3 weeks of age. The emergency room calls to tell you she has recent onset of hypoxia, respiratory
distress, wheezes, and runny nose. A chest radiograph reveals patchy infiltrates and hyperinflation in
both lung fields. The newborn’s 2-year-old sibling has an upper respiratory infection.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer options: option1: Asthma
option2: Pneumothorax
option3: Congestive heart failure
option4: Acute bronchiolitis
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics
An 18 months old boy presents to the emergency unit with rapid breathing. History is
Significant for nasal congestion and decreased oral intake for the last two days. Vital signs
are temperature 38 C, heart rate 150 bpm, respiratory rate 60 cpm, blood pressure
80/40 mmhg, oxygen saturation 93% on room air. Physical examination findings are
tachypnea, nasal flaring, mild intercostal retractions and bilateral wheezing. Intercostal
retractions improve after deep nasal suctioning. The family is advised that the illness is likely
viral in origin; however, the family insists on advanced testing as they believe it is necessary
to know which virus is responsible for the patient’s symptoms. Which of the following
statements is appropriate regarding further testing?
Answer options: option1: Human rhinovirus is the most likely etiology of bronchiolitis
option2: A viral antigen panel is indicated as the course of illness is highly determined by the viral etiology
option3: Almost 80% of patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis are positive for RSV, so testing is not necessary
option4: A chest radiograph must be obtained and if there’s no evidence of pneumonia, a viral test should be performed.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4