afrimedqa/afrimedqa_v2 huggingface dataset:
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 36 year-old woman presents with vaginal bleeding at 8 weeks 3 days’ gestation. She has never been pregnant before. The bright red ’spotting’ started 3 days ago with no abdominal pain. Vaginal examination revealed a closed cervix. The following is helpful in the diagnosis of this condition:




 

Answer options: option1: Transvaginal ultrasound scan
option2: Full blood count
option3: Urine pregnancy test
option4: Blood pregnancy test
option5: Chromosomal studies
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 24-month-old child presents with poor growth and recurrent diarrhoea. His weight plots below-3 SD weight-for-length and he has bilateral pitting pedal oedema. Which of the following is not an expected complication? 


Answer options: option1: Hypoglycaemia.
option2: Hypothermia.
option3: Severe dehydration.
option4: Fatty degeneration of the liver
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The morphology of the placenta at term is characterised by the following except:






Answer options: option1: Discoid shape
option2: Diameter is 15-20 cm
option3: Weight about 700 grammes
option4: Maternal surface is divided into cotyledons
option5: Fetal surface is smooth, glistering and shows the umbilical vessels
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 3-year-old female is rushed into emergency room, with history of four episodes of generalized tonic-clonic convulsions at home, and the child has not regained consciousness as at presentation. The child’s last meal was 30 minutes prior to the onset of convulsions. The most important intervention at the emergency room is:


Answer options: option1: Lumbar puncture.
option2: Intravenous diazepam at 1.5mg/kg
option3: Intramuscular paraldehyde 0.5mg/kg.
option4: Intramuscular phenobarbitone 20mg//kg
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
At ovulation, the ovulated egg is picked up by the fimbria of the fallopian tube and then swept by ciliary action towards the ampulla where fertilization occurs. As soon as the zygote is formed, it begins dividing very rapidly leading to the formation of a blastocyst.
Which of the following is true regarding the blastocyst?




 

Answer options: option1: After implantation, it is surrounded by decidual parietalis
option2: The cytotrophoblast lies outside the syncytiotrophoblast
option3: The primary Villi are formed of cytotrophoblast only.
option4: The secondary villi contain fetal blood vessels
option5: The outer cell mass is formed of trophoblast
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Concerning cancer of the cervix





Answer options: option1: Point A corresponds to where the uterine artery passes under the ureter
option2: Wertheims hysterectomy involves removal of the ovaries
option3: Brachytherapy is difficult in cancer of the stump of the cervix
option4: Cancer of the cervix is the most common cancer in Nigerian women
option5: Screening every 5 years is recommended
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 4-year-old boy presented with generalized tonic clonic seizures which lasted 10 minutes. The seizure was not associated with fever. Perinatal history was uneventful. Examination after seizure was completely normal. The most important step in the management is:





Answer options: option1: Commence carbamazepine therapy.
option2: Order Electroencephalography.
option3: Request for Computerized Tomographic scan of the brain.
option4: Order Magnetic Resonance Imaging study of the brain.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
An 8-month-old infant admitted with 12-hour history of passage of loose stools associated with excessive crying and vomiting. The stools were “red currant jelly” in nature. Physical examination showed a mass in the ileo-ceacal region. The most likely clinical condition is:





Answer options: option1: Amoebic dysentery.
option2: Acute intussusception.
option3: Crohn’s disease.
option4: Hirchsprung’s disease.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Endoscopy






Answer options: option1: Verres needle is used for looking into the abdomen
option2: Glycine is not a  distending media
option3: CO2 can be used to create pneumoperitoneum
option4: Endometriosis is not common in Africans
option5: large fibroids are not removed by laparoscopy
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
The following are the characteristics of physiologic jaundice in term babies:

Answer options: option1: It appears after 72 hours of birth.
option2: The serum bilirubin peaks on the fifth day of life.
option3: The jaundice clears on the seventh day with phototherapy
option4: The conjugated bilirubin fraction exceeds 20% of the total
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
The management of neonatal tetanus includes:


Answer options: option1: Nasogastric intubation in the second week of hospitalization
option2: Intravenous Metronidazole 7mg/kg q-8hourly
option3: Intravenous phenytoin 5mg/kg q-6 hourly
option4: Insertion of tracheostomy tube
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
which of the following does not represent Ante-partum haemorrhage
	


Answer options: option1: Is defined as “bleeding from the genital tract in pregnancy”
option2: Maybe complicated by hypofibrinogenaemia
option3: Requires assessment by vaginal examination.
option4: May be caused by cervical carcinoma
option5: Is always painless.
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 10-year old female with chronic cough has a tuberculin test result of 10 mm. What should the next important line of action be?

Answer options: option1: Request Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate.
option2: Request a Chest X-ray.
option3: Commence anti-tuberculous drugs.
option4: Request BCG vaccine administration.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
which of the following pairings is true:






Answer options: option1: Obstructive azoospermia: high FSH, LH
option2: kartagener syndrome : ectopic pregnancy
option3: Metromenorhagia:  ovarian fibroma
option4: Retrograde ejaculation : diabetes mellitus
option5: Hyperprolactinemia : impotence
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
In choriocarcinoma which of the following is wrong




Answer options: option1: histological examination often shows pleomorphic cytotrophoblastbut absence of chorionic villi.
option2: a third of cases present with distant metastasis
option3: the antecedent pregnancy is usually a termed pregnancy or abortion
option4: lymph node metastasis are uncommon
option5: a characteristic snowstorm pattern is seen on ultrasonography
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
UTI in pregnancy



Answer options: option1: Asymptomatic bacteria is a colony count of greater than 100,000 E. coli per mL of urine
option2: Pregnancy increases incidence of UTI
option3: commoner in multigravidas
option4: Tetracycline is the treatment of choice
option5: It is a common cause of renal failure
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The umbilical cord
 





Answer options: option1: velamentous insertion occurs in about 90% of cases
option2: True knot is a common cause of unexplained IUFD
option3: Usually measures between 50 -60 cm in length or twice the fetal body length
option4: Cord round the neck is an indication for caesarean section
option5: Short cord is a contraindication to external cephalic version
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology


Concerning placenta morphometry, which of this is not true



Answer options: option1: Has about 15-20 cotyledons
option2: Weighs between 500-600gms or 1/6th of the baby weight
option3: The syncytiotrophoblast leads the trophoblastic invasion
option4: The nitabuchs layer is not well formed in mid trimester
option5: The basal plate relates to the fetus and the chorionic plate with the mother
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
which of these does not define antenatal cardiotocograph






Answer options: option1: a normal baseline should be 120-160bpm
option2: normal baseline variability should be 5-25bpm
option3: Normally 2 or more accelerations should be present in 20 minutes.
option4: maternally perceived fetal movements should be associated with accelerations
option5: recurrent late decelerations are associated with hypoxia
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Which of the following best describes the use of the vacuum extractor





Answer options: option1: should be used for instrumental delivery if the fetal head position cannot be identified
option2: is available with 3 silastic  cup  sizes
option3: the use of a  silastic cup for occipitoposterior position is associated with a higher failure rate compared with the rigid metal cup
option4: should be used with a vacuum of about 1.8kg/cm2
option5: is associated with more maternal trauma than the obstetric forceps
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Elective cervical cerclage is indicated in which of the following

Answer options: option1: Three spontaneous first – trimester abortions
option2: Spontaneous twin conception
option3: Three second – trimester pregnancy losses without evidence of labour or abruption
option4: History of loop electrosurgical excision procedure for cervical dysplasia
option5: Cervical length of 15 mm by ultrasound at 14 weeks
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Internal_Medicine
Aisha, a 17-year-old girl presents with a 3-day history of bilateral itching, burning, crusting, and matting of her eyelids, which worsens when she awakens in the morning. The patient has no prior history of a similar event. On physical exam, there is crusting of the eyelashes at the bases, erythema of the eyelids, clear conjunctiva, and cornea. There are small ulcers on the eyelid margins. The meibomian glands appear normal. Which of the following is not first-line treatment?
Answer options: option1: Warm compresses and lid margin scrubs with a cotton swab dipped in diluted baby shampoo
option2: Avoidance of eye makeup
option3: Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
option4: Oral doxycycline
option5: None
Correct answer: option4
Rationale: The patient's symptoms are acute. The likely diagnosis is acute blepharitis.

Ulcerations of eyelid margins are indicative of an infectious cause of the symptoms. The likely causes are Staphylococcus and viral causes. Acute blepharitis should always be treated with topical antibiotics.

All types of blepharitis should be treated with eyelid hygiene and avoidance of potential triggers.

Oral doxycycline is reserved for the treatment of posterior blepharitis that is not responsive to eyelid hygiene.