afrimedqa/afrimedqa_v2 huggingface dataset:
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A nineteen year-old-girl is admitted with pelvic pain, a positive pregnancy test and a 3 cm viable ectopic pregnancy seen in the right fallopian tube on ultrasound. She has already had a left saplingectomy for a previous ectopic. The best management would be:
  

Answer options: option1: Laparoscopic salpingectomy.
option2: Laparoscopic salpingostomy.
option3: Conservative management with serial βHCGs.
option4: Laparotomy.
option5: Methotrexate.
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Choose from below the single best contraceptive method for a forty five-year-old woman with a BMI of 40, smoker with multiple fibroids, who is in a stable relationship, whose family is complete and who has had a peritonitis secondary to appendicitis in the past.
 
Answer options: option1: Combined oral contraceptive pill.
option2: Laparoscopic clip sterilization.
option3: Mirena.
option4: Progesterone-only pill.
option5: Hysteroscopic sterilization.
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Considering dysgerminomas which statement is correct: 


 
 
Answer options: option1: The peak age is over forty five years old.
option2: CA 125 is elevated in 50 per cent of cases.
option3: They are mainly cystic rather than solid in nature.
option4: They can cause a rise in alpha-fetoprotein and hCG.
option5: Immature teratomas are benign and are commonly called dermoid tumours.
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Regarding carcinoma of the ovary:
 a) 
b) 
 c) 
d) 
e) 

Answer options: option1: It is most common in developing countries.
option2: The incidence is similar to carcinoma of the endometrium with similar prognosis.
option3: The peak age is 80–90 years old.
option4: The majority are epithelial in origin.
option5: The mainstay of treatment is surgery and radiotherapy combined.
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Which of the statements does not describe sex cord tumours: 




 

Answer options: option1: All granulosa cell tumours are malignant, but are usually confined to the ovary and have a good prognosis.
option2: Call–Exner bodies are pathognomonic of theca cell tumours.
option3: Many theca cell tumours cause post-menopausal bleeding and endometrial carcinoma.
option4: Meigs’ syndrome is the combination of fibroma, ascites and pleural effusions.
option5: Virilization is seen in 75 per cent of Sertoli–Leydig cell tumours.
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 23-year-old presented with a lower abdominal pain of 1-week duration and 6 weeks history of Amenorrhoea. Ultrasound scan reveals pregnancy in the uterus and another in the interstitial of the tube. The appropriate diagnosis 






Answer options: option1: Interstitial pregnancy
option2: Heterogenous pregnancy
option3: Homogenous pregnancy
option4: Heterotrophic pregnancy
option5: Ectopic pregnancy
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 50 year old woman complained of hot flushes, night sweats,
               decreased libido and absence of menses for 2 years duration. Her FSH
               was elevated at 52 i. u/L . The most likely diagnosis will be?
            
         
            
            
            

Answer options: option1: Hyperprolactinaemia
option2: Pregnancy
option3: Menopause
option4: Ovarian cancer
option5: Hyperprolactinaemia.
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 24 year old G 1 P 0 presented at 30 weeks with history of rupture of
             membranes but no contractions. Which of the following procedures 
              should be avoided in this patient?
           
           
           
         
           

Answer options: option1: Speculum examination
option2: Digital vaginal examination
option3: High vaginal swab
option4: Cardiotocography
option5: Ultrasound
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Which of the following vessels may be injured during local anaesthetic 
               instillation for episiotomy?
           
           
           
           
           

Answer options: option1: Distal abdominal aorta
option2: Obturator artery
option3: Uterine artery
option4: Femoral artery
option5: Internal pudendal artery
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Aspermia is the term used to describe :
            
            
            
           
            

Answer options: option1: Absence of semen
option2: Absence of sperm in the ejaculate
option3: Absence of Sperm motility
option4: Occurence of abnormal sperm
option5: Absence of viable sperm.
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 40 year-old premenopausal woman complains of prolonged 
 amenorrhoea(6-8 weeks) followed by excessive painless bleeding. The most likely diagnosis is:
          
          
          
         

Answer options: option1: Coagulopathy
option2: Pelvic inflammatory disease
option3: Carcinoma of the endometrium
option4: hypothyroidism
option5: Metropathia haemorrhagica
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Mittelschmerz:
          
          
          
          
           

Answer options: option1: Is synonymous to anovulatory  pain
option2: It lasts more than 24 hours
option3: It is not usually experienced in the midcycle
option4: Nausea and omitting is present
option5: Pain is usually associated with rupture of the ovarian follicle at ovulation
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Uterine fibroids:
         
         
         
         
       
Answer options: option1: Fibroids are most commonly seen in multiparous
option2: They are polyclonal in origin
option3: They are related to hypo oestrogenism.
option4: They usually regress during pregnancy
option5: Most common menstrual symptom is menorrhagia.
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The most common complication of Hysterosalpingography is:
     
     
      
      

Answer options: option1: Cervical laceration
option2: Vaso-vagal attack
option3: Haemorrhage
option4: Uterine perforation
option5: Flare-up of Pelvic inflammatory disease.
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 40-year old presented to the gynaecologist with complaints of profuse vaginal discharge. There was no discharge from the cervix on speculum examination. The diagnosis of bacteria vaginosis was made based on the following on microscopy except:

    

Answer options: option1: Abundance of gram variable coccobacilli
option2: Absence of lactobacill
option3: Abundance of polymorphs
option4: Presence of Clue cells
option5: Presence of Bacteroides.
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia:			




Answer options: option1: Is the most common cause of ambiguous genitalia
option2: The commonest  enzyme deficiency is 11-hydroxylase deficiency
option3: The genotype is 46 XY
option4: It is an autosomal dominant disorder
option5: The gonads are testis
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A woman underwent a surgical evacuation of the uterus following a failed intrauterine pregnancy. Histological analysis of products of conception showed complete molar pregnancy. She was subsequently treated with single agent chemotherapy. She returns after completion of treatment and wishes to conceive again, how long should she wait?



 
 

Answer options: option1: 1 month
option2: 3 months
option3: 6 months
option4: 12 months
option5: 18 months
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The following are normal physiological changes that occur in pregnancy:
 



Answer options: option1: There is usually the fourth heart sound
option2: The plasma volume expands by 70 %
option3: The red cell mass increases by  18-25 %
option4: The expansion of the plasma volume and red cell mass expansion are synchronous
option5: Haemoglobin concentration in the second trimester is the same as the pre-pregnancy level.
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The first step in the assessment of post-term gestation is:




Answer options: option1: To choose between induction of labour and an elective caesarean section
option2: Determination of the fetal weight by ultrasonography
option3: Non stress test
option4: Contraction stress test
option5: To ascertain the true length of gestation.
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The following statement is true regarding prevention of preterm labor:





Answer options: option1: Cases with history of preterm labor require prophylactic parenteral tocolytic therapy
option2: Parenteral tocolytic therapy can be used with rupture of membranes
option3: Twin pregnancy requires more bed rest and in some cases parenteral tocolytic therapy
option4: Parenteral  tocolytic therapy can be used with cervical dilatation up to 6 cm
option5: Pregnant women exerting heavy work are advised to have more rest and oral tocolysis.
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 24-year old woman has had three first-trimester spontaneous miscarriges. Which of the following statements concerning chromosomal aberrations in abortions is true?





Answer options: option1: 45x is more prevalent in chromosomally abnormal term babies than in spontaneously aborted pregnancies
option2: Approximately 20% of first trimester spontaneous miscarriages have chromosomal abnormalities
option3: Trisomy 21 is the most common trisomy in abortuses
option4: Despite the relatively high frequency of Down syndrome at term, most Down foetuses abort spontaneously.
option5: Stillbirths have twice the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities as live births
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 20 year-old woman presents to the clinic with abdominal pain. Through further questioning, the woman reveals that she was sexually assaulted at a party 3 weeks ago by a male friend whom she recently started dating. She has not revealed to anybody and has not reported to the police. Her abdominal/pelic examination are normal. Which of the following is the best management to offer her?





Answer options: option1: Counsel her to sue the male friend
option2: Prescribe antidepressant
option3: Prescribe emergency contraception
option4: Test for and treat sexually transmitted infections
option5: Order Computerised Tomography of the abdomen and pelvis.
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 21-year old woman presents with left lower quadrant pain. A 7-cm firm adnexal mass is palpated. Ultrasound confirms a complex adnexal mass with solid components that appears to contain a tooth. What percentage of these tumours are bilateral?





Answer options: option1: Less than 1 %
option2: 2%-3%
option3: 10%
option4: 50%
option5: Greater than 75%.
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 29-year old G 3 P 2 presents to the emergency room with complaints of abdominal discomfort for 2 weeks. Her vital signs are stable. A pregnancy test is positive and an ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis reveals a viable 16-week gestation located behind a normal appearing uterus. Both ovaries appear normal. No free fluid is noted. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these findings?



 


Answer options: option1: Ectopic ovarian tissue
option2: Fistula between the peritoneum and uterine cavity
option3: Primary peritoneal implantation of the fertilized ovum
option4: Tubal abortion
option5: Uterine rupture of prior caesarean section scar.
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 50-year old woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer. Which lymph node group would be the first involved in metastatic spread of this disease beyond the cervix and the uterus?






Answer options: option1: Common iliac nodes
option2: Sacral nodes
option3: External iliac nodes
option4: Paracervical nodes
option5: Para-aortic nodes
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 20-year old female and her partner, a 20-year-old man presents for counselling for sexual dysfunction. Prior to their relationship, neither had been sexually active. Both deny any medical problems. Which type of male/female sexual dysfunction has the lowest cure rate?





Answer options: option1: Premature ejaculation
option2: Vaginismus
option3: Primary impotence
option4: Secondary impotence
option5: Female orgasmic dysfunction
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
After an initial pregnancy resulted in a spontaneous loss in the first trimester, your patient is concerned about the possibility of this recurring. Which of the following is the most appropriate answer regarding the chance of recurrence?





Answer options: option1: It depends on the genetic makeup of the prior abortus
option2: It is not different than it was prior to the miscarriage
option3: It has increased to approximately 50 %
option4: It has increased most likely to greater than 50%
option5: It depends on the sex of the prior aborted  fetus
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A mother brings her 12-year old daughter to the clinic because she is concerned that most of the other girls in her daughter’s class have already started having their period. She thinks her daughter hasn’t shown any evidence of going into puberty yet. Knowing the usual first sign of the onset of puberty, you should ask the mother which of the following questions?






Answer options: option1: Has your daughter had any acne?
option2: Has your daughter started to develop breasts?
option3: Does your daughter have any axillary or pubic hair?
option4: Has your daughter started her growth spurt?
option5: Has your daughter has any vaginal spotting?
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 22-year old primigravida at 14 weeks gestation presents to the antenatal clinic with a recent exposure to her 3 year old nephew who had a rubella viral infection. In which time period does maternal infection with this virus carry the greatest risk for congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus?






Answer options: option1: Preconception
option2: First trimester
option3: Second trimester
option4: Third trimester
option5: Postpartum
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 78-year old woman complains of leakage of urine. Which of the following is the most common cause of this condition in this age range:






Answer options: option1: Anatomic stress incontinence
option2: Urethral diverticulum
option3: Overflow incontinence
option4: Urge incontinence
option5: Fistula.
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 20 year old unbooked primigravida was referred from a traditional birth attendants home having been in labour for 20 hours. A diagnosis of Obstructed labour was made at the centre she was referred to. The pathological retraction ring which is one of the features of obstructed labour is caused by:






Answer options: option1: Thinning of the lower uterine segment
option2: Thinning of the upper uterine segment
option3: Thickening of the lower uterine segment.
option4: Thickening of the mid-uterine segment
option5: Persistent localized annular spasm.
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Post-patum haemorrhage is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality world wide.
Causes of secondary postpartum haemorrhage include:






Answer options: option1: Uterine atony
option2: Hypofibrinogenaemia
option3: Choriocarcinoma
option4: Vaginal and perineal laceration
option5: Acute puerperal inversion
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Which of the following is true regarding the management of multifetal pregnancy:




Answer options: option1: More frequent antenatal visits are required to avoid preeclampsia
option2: More iron and vitamin supplements is required during pregnancy to avoid neonatal anaemia.
option3: If delivery of the second twin is delayed more than 30 minutes, caesarean section is indicated
option4: Ergometrine is given after delivery of the first twin
option5: Caesarean section is indicated if the presentation of the first twin is breech
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Pelvic type plays a major role in labour. The typical female pelvis is not characterized by the following:






Answer options: option1: Parallel or slightly converging walls
option2: An oblique diameter at the inlet of 12-12.5 cm
option3: A transverse diameter greater than the antero-posterior  diameter  at the outlet.
option4: A subpubic angle of more than 90 degrees
option5: A smoothly curved sacrum.
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
True statement regarding emesis and hyperemesis gravidarum is:


 



Answer options: option1: Less than 25% of pregnant women experience morning sickness
option2: Emesis gravidarum  usually starts around the 4th to the 6th week
option3: Emesis gravidarum usually improves or disappears spontaneously about the 6th week
option4: Emesis gravidarum does not turn into hyperemesis  gravidarum
option5: The onset of hyperemesis is usually acute\\
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 25 year old multiparous was seen at the booking clinic with a blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg and 1+ protein in the urine. The blood pressure was repeated after 6 hours with no difference in the reading. She was 32 weeks pregnant and not a known hypertensive. Ultrasound scan revealed twin pregnancy. What is the risk factor identified for this condition in this case:



Answer options: option1: Chronic hypertension
option2: Low socio-economic status
option3: Vesicular mole
option4: Multiple gestation
option5: Antiphospolipid antibody syndrome.
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Which of the following is wrong concerning the placenta?





Answer options: option1: Has about 15-20 cotyledons
option2: Diameter of 15-20 cm.
option3: Weighs between 500-600gms or 1/6th of the baby weight
option4: Thickness is about 2.5 cm at its center and gradually tapers towards the periphery.
option5: It has 3 edges
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
An infant is delivered preterm and taken to the neonatal unit. Which problem is most likely to be experienced?



Answer options: option1: Incomplete formation of the epidermis from the mesoderm.
option2: Excessive vernix formation.
option3: Lanugo shedding.
option4: Thermoregulation due to thin skin.
option5: Lack of hair follicle development.
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Which of the following is not included in a reactive CTG



Answer options: option1: a normal baseline should be 110-160bpm
option2: normal amplitude of baseline variability should be 5-25bpm
option3: There should be at least 2 episodes of late decelerations.
option4: normally 2 or more accelerations should be present in 20 minutes.
option5: maternally perceived fetal movements should be associated with accelerations
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
 A pregnant woman with gestational diabetes asks you about the increased risks to her fetus. You describe all of the following except: 






Answer options: option1: Hypermagnesaemia.
option2: Traumatic delivery.
option3: Neonatal jaundice.
option4: Polycythaemia.
option5: Hypoglycaemia.
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Which best describes the reproductive history of a woman at 30 weeks gestation with a previous twin delivery and a Spontaneous termination of pregnancy at 27 weeks?






Answer options: option1: G3P3 +0.
option2: G3P1+1.
option3: G4P3+0.
option4: G4P2+1.
option5: G3P2+1.
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A nineteen-year-old-girl is admitted with pelvic pain, a positive pregnancy test and a 3 cm viable ectopic pregnancy seen in the right fallopian tube on ultrasound. She has already had a left salpingectomy for a previous ectopic. The best management would be:
 





Answer options: option1: Laparoscopic salpingectomy.
option2: Conservative management with serial βHCGs.
option3: Laparotomy.
option4: Laparoscopic salpingostomy
option5: Methotrexate.
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Considering the fetal skull, the following are true except?


Answer options: option1: The anterior fontanelle is diamond shaped.
option2: The sutures of the vault are soft unossified membranes.
option3: The vertex presentation longitudinal diameter is sub-occipito-frontal diameter.
option4: The occipito-mental diameter is normally too large to pass through the maternal pelvis.
option5: Moulding of the fetal skull is a normal physiological process.
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Concerning Implanon NXT, which of the following is not true?
 




Answer options: option1: Removal is more difficult than insertion
option2: It is inserted in the inner aspect of a client’s dominant arm
option3: Inhibits ovulation
option4: Implanon is for 3 years
option5: May require barrier form of contraceptive in the first 7 days after insertion in some situation.
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The following are true in cord prolapse except






Answer options: option1: Instrumental delivery is useful at full cervical dilatation
option2: Cord prolapse is an obstetrics emergency
option3: Diagnosis delivery interval of less than 30min is associated with good fetal outcome
option4: Caesarean section is a must
option5: Inflating the bladder with fluid has a place in the management of cord prolapse.
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Concerning uterine fibroid, which of the following is not true?





Answer options: option1: Submucous fibroids are more likely to be associated with menorrhagia
option2: Polycythaemia is unusual
option3: Cervical fibroids may become parasitic
option4: Subserous fibroids may undergo torsion
option5: May be associated with infertility.
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
In vaginal twin delivery which of the following is true?
 

Answer options: option1: Prolong pregnancy is a common feature
option2: The second twin must be delivered within 10 minutes of the first.
option3: There is an increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage.
option4: Internal podalic version is a useful strategy for delivery of the first twin.
option5: The first twin is at greater risk than the second.
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Endocrinology
SIADH diagnosis criteria is one of the following 


Answer options: option1: Hyponatremia/ hypotonic plasma with serum osmolality < 270mOsm/kg
option2: Inappropriate urine osmolality < 100mOsm/kg
option3: Abnormal thyroid function
option4: Abnormal renal function
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 3-year old presents with recurrent afebrile generalised seizures which started at the age of six months. Which of the following is not important in the evaluation of the child?




Answer options: option1: Family history of seizures
option2: History of perinatal asphyxia
option3: Presence of microcephaly
option4: Elevated systolic blood pressure
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 26-hour old newborn presents with haematocrit of 22%. The heart rate is 140/minute and respiratory rate is 56/minute with normal capillary refill. Which of the following management steps is most critical?





Answer options: option1: Top up transfusion with whole blood at 15ml/kg
option2: Normal saline Infusion at 30ml/kg over 1 hour.
option3: Dobutamine Infusion at 0.01ug/kg/minute
option4: Single volume exchange blood transfusion at 80ml/kg
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4