afrimedqa/afrimedqa_v2 huggingface dataset:
Specialty: Psychiatry
Korsakoff psychosis 



Answer options: option1: F:M =1:1.7
option2: Females tend to present 10-20 years earlier than men
option3: 1 in 9 long stay psychiatric patients have alcohol brain damage
option4: Large increase between 1990 and 1995 due to withdrawal of parenterovite from the market
option5: None of the above
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Gastroenterology
25-year-old on long term proton pump inhibitors presents to the OPD for 
follow up. She wants to know if she can start another medication prescribed by 
her family physician. The absorption of which of the following medications is not affected by PPIs? 

Answer options: option1: Iron
option2: Digoxin
option3: Ampicillin
option4: Ketoconazole
option5: None of the above
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Pediatrics
109. Predictive risk for developing epilepsy after febrile seizure in children include the following
except

Answer options: option1: A.​Abnormal neurological exam before onset of the febrile seizure
option2: B.​Febrile seizure within an hour of the onset of fever
option3: C.​History of Complex seizure
option4: D.​First degree relative with epilepsy
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
108. Key components of management of a 7-month-old child hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis

Answer options: option1: A.​Maintenance of adequate hydration
option2: B.​Administration of low dose prednisolone
option3: C.​Administration of appropriate antibiotics
option4: D.​Chest physiotherapy to improve respiratory functions
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Rationale: N:A
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 6-year-old child was referred from the hospital with a referral letter which indicates the
following findings; muffled heart sounds, reduced blood pressure, bradycardia and an
accompanying X-ray showed a globular heart. The most likely diagnosis is
Answer options: option1: A.​Pleural effusion
option2: B.​Pericardial effusion
option3: C.​Dilated cardiomyopathy
option4: D.​Ventricular septal defect
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
106. 23-month-old, 2-day history of swollen, right knee. The knee has reduced mobility,
differential warmth and was tender. What would you do as the house officer?
Answer options: option1: A.​Ask the parents if they abuse their child
option2: B.​Recommend aspiration of the knee
option3: C.​Refer to the orthopaedic surgeon immediately
option4: D.​Request a clotting profile
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
Which is likely to indicate abnormal foetal-neonatal transition?
Answer options: option1: A.​Pulmonary vascular resistance decreases
option2: B.​Systemic vascular resistance increases
option3: C.​Pulmonary blood flow decreases
option4: D.​Ductus venosus closes
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Rationale:  N/A
Specialty: Psychiatry
The fear Network is made up of the following structures 




Answer options: option1: Amygdala, Hippocampus, insula
option2: Amygdala, Insula, Anterior cingulate cortex
option3: Amygdala, Anterior Cingulate cortex and hippocampus
option4: Amygdala, pituitary gland, cerebral cortex
option5: Amygdala, cerebral cortex, hippocampus
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pathology
Causes of microcytic hypochromic anemias include all the following except:


Answer options: option1: Sideroblastic anemia
option2: Pernicious anemia
option3: Iron deficiency anemia
option4: Helminthiasis
option5: none of the above
Correct answer: option2
Rationale: Pernicious anemia is a type of megaloblastic anemia, related to the lack of intrinsic factors in the stomach preventing the absorption of cobalamin
Specialty: Pediatrics
103. As the house officer on duty, you notice a 9-day-old preterm infant has a distended
abdomen which is not resolving after 4 hours. What is your next action
 
Answer options: option1: A.​Examine nursing charts, reassure mother, inform senior colleague
option2: B.​Pass NG tube to aspirate gastric content and decompress stomach
option3: C.​Secure IV line, take blood for grouping and cross-matching, start antibiotics
option4: D.​Urgent abdominal Xray to exclude perforation
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Psychiatry
In Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, patient relives the trauma in this form. Choose the correct pairing;

 
 
 

Answer options: option1: Flashbacks and nightmares while sleeping
option2: Flashbacks and nightmares while awake
option3: Flashbacks while awake and nightmares while sleeping
option4: Flashbacks while sleeping and nightmares while awake
option5: Neither flashbacks nor nightmares occur
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
Which of the following is the correct order of progression of secondary sexual characteristics
in boys (paraphrased)

Answer options: option1: Increase in testicular volume- pubic hair- axillary hair- voice change
option2: B.​Increase in testicular volume- axillary hair- pubic hair- voice change
option3: C.​Axillary hair- pubic hair- increase in testicular volume- voice change
option4: D.​Axillary hair- increase in testicular volume- pubic hair- voice change
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Rationale: N:A
Specialty: Psychiatry
An obsession as defined in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is ;
 


 


Answer options: option1: Recurrent, intrusive, ego-dystonic thought, impulse or image
option2: Recurrent, intrusive , ego-dystonic voice
option3: Recurrent, intrusive, ego-dystonic feeling
option4: Recurrent, intrusive, ego-dystonic pain
option5: Recurrent, intrusive, ego-dystonic sensation
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
5-week-old child is rushed to the ER with cough, fast breathing, tachycardia and poor
feeding. Abdominal exam reveals tender enlarged liver. What is the possible cause?

 
Answer options: option1: A.​Septicaemia
option2: galactosemia
option3: pneumonia
option4: congestive cardiac failure
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pathology
Reticulocytes can be seen in:

Answer options: option1: Hypoplastic anemia
option2: Iron overload
option3: Hemolysis
option4: none of the above.
option5: all of the above
Correct answer: option3
Rationale: A higher than normal reticulocyte count may indicate: Anemia due to red blood cells being destroyed earlier than normal (hemolysis) and Bleeding
Specialty: Pediatrics
Which of the following is false regarding ventricular septal defect
Answer options: option1: A.​causes symptoms in the first week of life
option2: B.​ closes spontaneously in most children
option3: C.​ a large septal defect is associated with recurrent chest infections
option4: D.​can lead to heart failure
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pathology
6. The normal HB level for an adult male is :

Answer options: option1: 13-19 g/dl
option2: 11-16g/dl
option3: 12-16g/dl
option4: 15-18g/dl
option5: 13-17g/dl
Correct answer: option1
Rationale:  The normal HB level for an adult male is 13-19 g/dl
Specialty: Pediatrics
3-year old boy presents with a firm, craggy abdominal mass and has peri-orbital ecchymoses. A plain abdominal X-ray shows calcifications within the mass. A skeletal survey supports bony metastases.
The most likely diagnosis is
Answer options: option1: pheochromocytoma
option2: neuroblastoma
option3: tuberculoma
option4: wilms tumor
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Rationale: N/a
Specialty: Pediatrics
89. The following are true regarding Neonatal Jaundice except
Answer options: option1: A.​Physiological jaundice never occurs in first 24 hours
option2: B.​prematurity has a tendency to hyperbilirubinaemia
option3: C.​Prolonged by hypothyroidism
option4: D.​There is increased red cell fragility in some of the newborns
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
Definition of peri-natal infant mortality rate
Answer options: option1: A.stillbirths plus death of infants in first week of life
option2: B.Stillbirths plus death of infants in first 28 days of life
option3: C.Death of infants in first week of life
option4: D.Death in the first year of life
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Psychiatry
When assessing CONCENTRATION under the mental state examination, you can ask;

 



Answer options: option1: To repeat 3 unrelated words immediately
option2: About the current president, his vice-president and the past president
option3: About the current time
option4: What they will do in case of a house fire
option5: Months of the year sequentially forward and repeated backwards
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Pediatrics
Choose the FALSE statement concerning sickle cell disease

 
Answer options: option1: A.​Penicillin prophylaxis up until 5 years of age is recommended.
option2: B.​Cor pulmonale is a recognized long term complication.
option3: C.​presentation is usually in the neonatal period
option4: D.​Delayed puberty is not an uncommon presentation
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Psychiatry
A 47 years old man presents with a 2 day history of disorientation, auditory and visual hallucinaitons. His wife says he has been complaining of headaches 2 days prior to presentation. His blood pressure is 212/125 mmHg. This is his first such episode. He most likely has;
 



Answer options: option1: Schizophrenia
option2: Bipolar Affective Disorder
option3: Schizo-Affective Disorder
option4: Organic cause of psychosis
option5: Psychotic depression
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Psychiatry
George plays for one of the best football teams in Ghana. He had a tough time at training, and his coach kept shouting at him. He was upset but did not react. When he got home and his cat came rubbing itself at his feet, he angrily kicked the cat. George is employing………….





Answer options: option1: Displacement
option2: Replacement
option3: Suppression
option4: Repression
option5: Expression
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Infectious_Disease
Clostridia

Answer options: option1: perfringens produces toxin A
option2: Tetani neurotoxin produces both a heavy and light chain
option3: Is a gram positive coccus that grow under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions
option4: Botulin releases a potent neurotoxin that causes convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles
option5: Botulin releases a potent neurotoxin that causes convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Psychiatry
Hawa has a fear of spiders and sees a therapist for help. The therapist first teaches her deep relaxation breathing. Then she exposed Hawa to increasing grades of stimulus; a cartoon of a spider, a picture of a spider, a toy spider and then a real spider. She encourages and helps Hawa to practice the deep breathing and feel relaxed at each grade before moving to the next. What technique is the therapist using?






Answer options: option1: Graded exposure
option2: Implosion
option3: Flooding
option4: Cognitive restructuring
option5: Systematic desensitization
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 20-month-old Kofi is severely dehydrated and shocked. His MUAC is 10 cm. Which of the following is the recommended fluid for his rehydration.
Answer options: option1: A.​Half strength Darrows with 5% dextrose
option2: B.​Normal Saline
option3: C.​0.18 Saline in 5% dextrose
option4: D.​Dextrose saline
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Infectious_Disease
Streptococcus

Answer options: option1: Viridans is beta-hemolytic
option2: produces an endotxn whic causes scarlet fever
option3: Causes erysipelas which involves significant tissue necrosis
option4: causes 50.5% of community acquire lobar pneumonias
option5: Glomerulonephritis becomes chronic in less than 0.5% of children
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Pediatrics
Choose the CORRECT statement from the following. In tetralogy of Fallot
Answer options: option1: A.​Clubbing develops within the first three months of life.
option2: B.​Left ventricular hypertrophy is present
option3: C.​Polycythaemia is a recognised finding.
option4: D.​Atrial septal defect is a component
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Psychiatry
Ama is undergoing psychotherapy. She tends to be arrogant and this affects her interpersonal relationships. Her therapist explains that this is likely because she has developed a superiority complex to escape her inferiority complex. Her therapist is applying principles from……………






Answer options: option1: Sigmund Freud
option2: Carl Jung
option3: Karen Horney
option4: Alfred Adler
option5: Anna Freud
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Infectious_Disease
 Mycobacteria Tuberculosis
Answer options: option1: Are aerobic, non-spore forming , non-motile cocci
option2: Induce type 2 hypersensitivity
option3: Cause formation of epithelioid cell granulomas
option4: Are killed by macrophages in primary infection
option5: Are killed by macrophages in primary infection
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Psychiatry
A 54-year-old man with Schizophrenia who has been on Haloperidol for the past 25 years seems to be constantly chewing. He does not wear dentures. His tongue darts in and out of his mouth, and he occasionally smacks his lips. He also grimaces, frowns, and blinks excessively. Which of the following disorders is most likely in this patient? 


Answer options: option1: Tourette’s syndrome
option2: Akathisia
option3: Tardive dyskinesia
option4: Parkinson’s disease
option5: Huntington’s disease
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Infectious_Disease
 In infectious diseases

Answer options: option1: Bacterial exotoxin  is a mucoprotein on the inner cell wall
option2: the molecular mechanisms of most exotoxins are unknonw
option3: Microbes that propagate in the lumen of the intestine are accessible to IgA antibodies
option4: Macrophages in bronchi play a major ole in protecting the lungs from bacterial infection
option5: Bacterial adhesions that bind bacteria to host cells have a broad range of host cell specificity.
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Psychiatry
The father of a 20 year old patient diagnosed with schizophrenia would like to know what the good prognostic factors for schizophrenia are. You answer will include: 
 

 


Answer options: option1: Long period of untreated psychosis
option2: Presence of affective symptoms
option3: Family History of Schizophrenia
option4: Poor pre- morbid adjustment
option5: Male Sex
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Infectious_Disease
 In Malaria 

Answer options: option1: Plasmodium vivax causes severa anemia
option2: inoculated sporozoites immediately invade spleen
option3: Parasites mature in RBCs
option4: Plasmodium falciparum infection initially causes hepatomegaly
option5: Cerebral Malaria is caused by parasites invading gray matter
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
In the management of nephrotic syndrome all the following applies except
Answer options: option1: A.​High dose prednisolone for 4-6 weeks
option2: B.​Routine use of diuretics
option3: C.​Omeprazole for steroid induced gastritis
option4: D.​Monitoring proteinuria
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
The following are true about IV fluid and their uses in pediatrics except
 
Answer options: option1: A.​0.9% normal saline – treatment of shock
option2: B.​50% dextrose – correction of hypoglycaemia
option3: C.​1/5 normal saline in 10% dextrose – maintenance month of life
option4: D.​10% dextrose – maintenance fluid in first 24 hours of life
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Psychiatry
An otherwise healthy 45-year-old schizophrenic comes to his psychiatrist for a routine visit. He has had a poor response to several trials of typical antipsychotics, as well as to risperidone and olanzapine. His psychiatrist recommends a trial of clozapine. Which of the following baseline tests should be ordered on this patient before starting this drug? 


Answer options: option1: EEG
option2: Thyroid function tests
option3: Liver function tests
option4: Full Blood count
option5: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Psychiatry
A 19-year-old man is brought to the physician by his parents after he called them from college, terrified that the Mafia was after him. He reports that he has eaten nothing for the past six months other than canned beans because “they are into everything—I can’t be too careful.” He is convinced that the Mafia has put cameras in his dormitory room and that they are watching his every move. He occasionally hears the voices of two men talking about him when no one is around. His roommate states that for the past 7 months the patient has been increasingly withdrawn and suspicious. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? 


Answer options: option1: Delusional disorder
option2: Schizoaffective disorder
option3: Schizophreniform disorder
option4: Schizophrenia
option5: cannabis  intoxication
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Psychiatry
One of the popular aetiological theories of Schizophrenia is the Neurochemical abnormality hypothesis. According to this hypothesis which of the following may contribute to the development of psychosis ; 
 





Answer options: option1: GABA hyperactivity
option2: Glutamate hypoactivity
option3: Dopamine hypoactivity
option4: Serotonin hypoactivity
option5: Alpha adrenergic underactivity
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
68. Which of the following is true. Prevention of neurelation causes a spina bifida and in extreme cases an anencephaly and those can be prevented
 
Answer options: option1: A. Administration of fersolate early during pregnancy
option2: B. Performing an amniocentesis in high risk mothers
option3: C. Administration or vitamin and mineral supplementation before and during pregnancy
option4: D. Offering the choice of termination early in pregnancy
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Psychiatry
A patient who was recently diagnosed with Schizophrenia would like to know more about this condition. All the following are false about schizophrenia except 


 

 

Answer options: option1: It is a type of delusional disorder
option2: The incidence rate is 1%
option3: It is equally common in men and women
option4: Mostly starts earlier in women than in Men
option5: It is more common in the High Social Class
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Infectious_Disease
 A mother is HBs Ag positive at 32 weeks of pregnancy. What should be given to the newborn to prevent neonatal infection

Answer options: option1: Hepatits B vaccine and Immunoglobulin
option2: immunoglobulin only
option3: Hepatitis B vaccine only
option4: Immunoglobulin followed by vaccine 1 month later
option5: Entecavir
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
67. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to breastfeeding

Answer options: option1: A.A lactating mother on antibiotics for abscess
option2: B.A lactating mother who is both HIV and Hep B positive
option3: A neonate with galactosemia
option4: D.A lactating mother who is on aspirin
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Psychiatry
During a major ward round, you overheard the consultant ask a patient to spell WORLD backwards. He later asked another patient to mention the days of the week forward and backwards. Your colleague standing next to you wants to know what item on the mental status examination the consultant is assessing. Your answer is 
 
 
 
 
 

Answer options: option1: Judgement
option2: Attention
option3: Concentration
option4: Memory
option5: Insight
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Infectious_Disease
A 30 year old male had a gradually progressive plaque on buttocks for the last three years The plaque is 13 cm in diameter, annular in shape, crusted with induration and scarring in the center. the most probable diagnosis is

Answer options: option1: Tinea corporis
option2: lichen Planus
option3: Granuloma Annulare
option4: Borderline leprosy
option5: Lupus vulgaris
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Psychiatry
A psychiatric Senior House Officer is called to consult on the case of a 75-year-old woman who had undergone a hip replacement two days before. On examination, the House Officer notes that the patient states the date as 1956, and she thinks she is at her son’s house. These impairments illustrate which aspect of the mental status examination? 


Answer options: option1: Concentration
option2: Memory
option3: Thought process
option4: Orientation
option5: Level of consciousness
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics
A child with fever of 38.8, inability to move the right leg. Examination showed swollen tender right leg. Which of the following investigations would you do to confirm the diagnosis of septic arthritis


Answer options: option1: ESR
option2: B.Examination of joint fluid
option3: C.X-ray of the knee
option4: blood c/s
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Rationale: N:A
Specialty: Pathology
 Anisocytosis means:
Answer options: option1: Increeased reticulocytes
option2: l Presence of immature WBCs
option3: Variation in the shape of RBCs
option4: In response to treatment of anemias
option5: All of the above
Correct answer: option3
Rationale: Anisocytosis is the medical term for having red blood cells (RBCs) that are unequal in size and shape. It can be caused by anemia, certain blood diseases, or by some cancer drugs.
Specialty: Psychiatry
You are taking a history from Ms. Korona and she tells you that she has been arrested several times and detained for varying periods ranging from 3 days – 10 days at the Police cell. You will record this information under 


 

 

Answer options: option1: Forensic history
option2: Past psychiatric history
option3: Social History
option4: Premorbid personality
option5: Early childhood history
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
Which of the following defines JIA
Answer options: option1: A.5yr old with 2wks hx of fever and non-specific joint pain
option2: B.9yr old with 4wks hx of fever, joint swelling, rash
option3: C.A child with fleeting arthralgia
option4: D. 2 week history of fever
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Infectious_Disease
Each of the following statements concerning Candida albicans is correct except

Answer options: option1: C. albicans is a budding yeast that forms pseudohyphae when it invades tissues
option2: C. albicans causes thrush
option3: C. albicans is transmitted primarily through aerosols
option4: Impair cell mediated immunity is an important predisposing factor to disease
option5: none of the above.
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 4 yr old whose mother died 2 years ago and is currently staying with the grandmother reports to the clinic with fever, cough, and weight of 11 kg. Further enquiry showed that his grandmother has been coughing for the past 2 months. What will be your next course of action?
Answer options: option1: A.​Start isoniazid prophylaxis for 6weeks
option2: B.​Do sputum microscopy
option3: C.​Do contact tracing and treat for tuberculosis
option4: D.​Start cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and confirm tb later
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pathology
Reticulocytes are Not increased in one of the following conditions 

Answer options: option1: Haemorrhage
option2: Hemolysis
option3: In response to specific hematinics
option4: Aplastic Anemia
option5: Thalassemia
Correct answer: option4
Rationale: Reticulocyte count is elevated in conditions of shortened RBC survival (e.g., hemoglobinopathies, membrane disorders, immune hemolysis) and haemorrhage but is decreased in anemias that are characterized by impaired RBC production (e.g., iron deficiency, aplastic anemia).
Specialty: Gastroenterology
40-year-old male with a history of hepatitis B presents with jaundice, ascites and irritability. 
Asterixis was positive. A diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy was made. Which of the following is not a known cause of asterixis? 

Answer options: option1: Respiratory failure
option2: Uremia
option3: Severe Heart failure
option4: Inflammatory bowel disease
option5: Phenytoin therapy
Correct answer: option4