afrimedqa/afrimedqa_v2 huggingface dataset:
Specialty: Pediatrics
In ophthalmia neonatorum:


Answer options: option1: Discharges within the first 24 hours of life is usually due to Gonococcus.
option2: Scanty discharges occurring after the first week of life is usually due to Chlamydia trachomatis.
option3: Profuse discharges with massive conjunctival oedema occurring within the first week of life is usually due to Staphylococcus.
option4: Profuse discharges with massive conjunctival oedema within the first week of life is usually due to Pseudomonas.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
The most important step in the management of a 24-month old child with a 3-day history of fever, jaundice and haematocrit of 08% is:
Answer options: option1: Intravenous Normal Saline 30ml/kg over one hour
option2: Elevation of the foot of the bed to prevent shock
option3: Intravenous digoxin 3mcg/kg
option4: Transfusion of packed cells 10ml/kg over 4 hours
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics
Which of the following is not a diagnostic feature of severe acute malnutrition?
Answer options: option1: Height-for-Age Z-Score less than -3SD
option2: Weight-for-Height Z-Score less than -3SD
option3: Mid Arm Circumference less than 11.0cm
option4: Bilateral pedal oedema
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Endocrinology
The following statement about Clinical Diagnostic criteria for homozygous familiar  hypercholesterolemia (FH) is false
A.	
B.	
C.	
D.	

Answer options: option1: LDL > 300mg/dl (7. 5mmol/l)
option2: 1 or 2 both parents with clinically diagnosed familiar hypercholesterolemia
option3: Positive genetic test for PCSK9
option4: Autosomal recessive FH
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 6-week old infant presents with a two-week history of non-passage of stools. Abdominal examination reveals a uniformly distended abdomen with an empty rectum. The most likely diagnosis is:



Answer options: option1: Congenital pyloric stenosis
option2: Overfeeding
option3: Hirchsprung disease
option4: Intussusception
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 2-year old presents with axillary temperature of 40.8ºC with demonstrable asexual forms of Plasmodium falciparum on blood film. Which of the following is most likely to be present in the child? 





Answer options: option1: Pulmonary oedema
option2: Acute renal insufficiency
option3: Haemoglobinuria
option4: Hyperbilirubinaemia
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 4-hour old baby delivered at 39 weeks of gestation had a respiratory rate of 80/minute, SPO 2 of 87%, flaring of alae nasi and mild chest wall retraction. When reviewed at 36 hours of age, the respiratory rate was 56/minute, SPO 2 was 97% and there was no flaring or chest wall retraction. The most likely diagnosis is:

Answer options: option1: Mecomium aspiration syndrome
option2: Respiratory distress syndrome
option3: Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
option4: Congenital pneumonia
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Endocrinology
13.	Which of the following statement is false?
A.	
B.	
C.	
D.	
Answer options: option1: Hallmark of primary hyperparathyroidism is hypercalcaemia and hypophosphatemia.
option2: Serum ACE aids in diagnosis of sarcoidosis
option3: Calcitonin helps in controlling hypocalcemia due to malignancy
option4: Fluid therapy is preferably with 0.9% Nacl
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A newborn baby at the first minute of life appears blue in the limbs but pink in the trunk, has a heart rate of 80/minute, has a weak grimace, a partial flexion of the limbs and irregular respiration. The most important immediate resuscitative measure at that moment is: 





Answer options: option1: Wrap in a warm towel
option2: Set up 10% Dextrose-in-Water infusion
option3: Start bag and mask ventilation
option4: Start endotracheal intubation
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 6-year old child presents with frequent passage of large volume of urine with excessive thirst. His urine shows glycosuria and the random blood glucose reads 14.8 mmol/l. Which of the following conditions may be associated with the child’s condition?
Answer options: option1: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
option2: Grave’s disease
option3: Addison’s disease
option4: Hashimoto Thyroiditis
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 5-year old child presents with total white cell count of 42,000/mm3 with 88% lymphocytes, 11% neutrophils and presence of blast cells on peripheral blood film. Which of the following clinical features will not match the laboratory diagnosis?
Answer options: option1: Bleeding gums
option2: Bone pains
option3: Recurrent anaemia
option4: Recurrent jaundice
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics
A two-year old child presents at the emergency unit with a 5-day history of cough, breathlessness, central cyanosis and a tender 6 cm liver. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer options: option1: Eisenmenger’s syndrome
option2: Bronchial asthma
option3: Pertussis
option4: Pneumonia with cardiac failure (X)
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 3-year old well-fed child presents with some signs of dehydration from diarrhea. The most important management step is:
Answer options: option1: Rapid infusion of Hartmann solution at the rate of 100ml/kg over 3 hours
option2: Oral Rehydration Solution 75ml/kg over 4 hours
option3: Oral Rehydration Solution 50ml/kg every hour
option4: Half-Strength Darrows infusion at the rate of 100ml/kg over 3 hours
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 4-year old child presents with progressive weight loss and a huge painless but firm mass on the left lumbar area. Which of the following is not likely to be the diagnosis?
Answer options: option1: Tuberculous enteritis
option2: Wilm’s tumour
option3: Neuroblastoma
option4: Hodgkin’s lymphoma
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 13-year old child attends the Outpatient Clinic after hospitalization for pyogenic meningitis. Which of the following neurological sequelae should be searched for in the clinic?

Answer options: option1: Microcephaly
option2: Spastic cerebral palsy
option3: Behavioural disorder
option4: Subdural empyema
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 12-year old child returns from the school hostel with history of recent nocturnal enuresis. She eats a lot and her clothes hang loosely on her. Which of the following is the likely aetiology? 
Answer options: option1: Urinary tract infection
option2: Panhypopituitarism.
option3: Diabetes mellitus
option4: Inappropriate ADH Secretion
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 6-week old infant in response to a loud noise abducts the upper limbs, extends the limbs, adducts the limbs and flexes the limbs in that sequence. Which of the following has the child demonstrated? 


Answer options: option1: Tonic neck reflex
option2: Moro reflex
option3: Grasp reflex
option4: Placing reflex
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
Which of the following is the appropriate fluid management regimen for a five-day old newborn infant delivered at 34 weeks?

Answer options: option1: 8% Dextrose in 5th Saline infusion 120ml/kg over 24 hours
option2: 10% Dextrose in Water infusion 190ml/kg over 24 hours
option3: 4.3%Dextrose in 5th Saline infusion 80ml/kg over 24 hours
option4: 5% Dextrose in 5th Saline infusion 120ml/kg over 24 hours
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 5-year old child presents with passage of dark urine following the ingestion of some over-the-counter medications. Which of the following is helpful in the evaluation of the child?
Answer options: option1: Neonatal history of bleeding from the cord stump
option2: History of exposure to methylated spirit
option3: History of passage of dark urine in a maternal uncle
option4: History of neonatal jaundice in a paternal aunt
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A resident doctor, after reviewing the feed charts of a baby on nasogastric tube feeding, declares that the baby is not tolerating feeds. What does that statement mean?
Answer options: option1: The feed residual per feed is greater than 25% of the volume fed to the baby
option2: The feed residual over 24 hours is greater than 75% of the total volume fed to the baby
option3: The baby is not gaining weight appreciably
option4: The feed residual over 24 hours is greater than 25% of the total volume fed to the baby
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 28-hour old female infant being nursed beside the mother in the Lying-In Ward has axillary temperature of 38.7⁰C. The most likely aetiological factor is: 
 



Answer options: option1: Intracranial haemorrhage
option2: Late-Onset Sepsis
option3: Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy
option4: Dehydration fever
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Regarding carcinoma of the ovary, which of the following is true?

 



Answer options: option1: It is most common in developing countries.
option2: The incidence is similar to carcinoma of the endometrium with similar prognosis.
option3: The peak age is 80–90 years old.
option4: The mainstay of treatment is surgery and radiotherapy combined
option5: The majority are epithelial in origin.
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 45-year old Gravida 2 Para 1 woman delivers a 2.2 kg newborn at 39 weeks of gestation after a normal labour. Initial postnatal examination reveals an infant with superolateral palpebral slant and depressed nasal bridge. Which of the following morbidities is expected in the infant in the neonatal period?
Answer options: option1: Posseting
option2: Prolonged neonatal jaundice
option3: Mental retardation
option4: Growth failure
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 20-month old presents with poor weight gain. His weight-for-length Z-Score plots on-3.5 SD. Which of the following is not a goal of management within the first 24 hours of admission? 
Answer options: option1: Correction of hypoglycaemia
option2: Re-feeding with adequate calories
option3: Prevention of shock
option4: Rewarming
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 3-year-old child presents with recurrent episodic cough and breathlessness. The first episode occurred at the age of 18 months. Examination reveals loud wheeze, tachypnea, tachycardia and generalized rhonchi. There is no abdominal organomegaly. Which of the following is not associated with this condition? 





Answer options: option1: History of passage of Ascaris lumbricoides
option2: History of exercise intolerance in the child
option3: History of recurrent sneezing and nasal discharges in the mother
option4: History of artificial milk feeding from early infancy
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 7-year old known sickle cell anaemia patient presents with fever of a week duration and generalized convulsion an hour before presentation. Examination also reveals right sided oculomotor nerve palsy with right-sided hypertonia, hyper-reflexia and muscle weakness. What is the most likely diagnosis? 


Answer options: option1: Cerebral malaria
option2: Cerebral abscess
option3: Intracerebral haemorrhage
option4: Viral encephalitis
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 30-year-old girl presents with mid-cycle pain on a regular monthly basis. She is sexually active and does not take any contraception. The pain resolves after 24 hours. She has a regular 28-day cycle. The likely cause of the pain is?
 
 



Answer options: option1: Adenomyosis
option2: Mittelschmertz syndrome
option3: Endometriosis.
option4: PID.
option5: Polycystic ovaries.
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 21-day old infant who has been fed infant formula from birth presents with repeated blinking and lip smacking. There was no fever or jaundice. The most likely aetiological factor is:

Answer options: option1: Perinatal asphyxia
option2: Hypoglycaemia
option3: Hypocalcaemia
option4: Brain tumour
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The gold standard for the Diagnosis of Tubal ectopic pregnancy.          
   
       
       
      
       

Answer options: option1: Cystoscopy.
option2: Hysteroscopy.
option3: Hysterosalpingogram
option4: Laparoscopy
option5: Abdominopelvic Ultrasound.
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 7-year old known sickle cell anaemia patient presents with fever, pains over both thighs and severe weakness. Physical examination reveals pallor, axillary temperature of 37.9ºC, pulse rate of 142/minute, respiratory rate of 68/minute and a tender 6 cm size liver. The haematocrit reads 22%. The most appropriate immediate management step is:




Answer options: option1: Intravenous artesunate
option2: Intravenous Half Strength Darrows infusion
option3: Packed cells transfusion
option4: Whole blood transfusion
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 5-week old boy and first child of the family presents with recurrent projectile vomiting after feeds, which started two weeks prior to presentation. On examination he appears moderately dehydrated with a palpable almond-shaped mass in the epigastrium immediately after suckling. The most likely diagnosis is: 
Answer options: option1: Congenital pyloric stenosis
option2: Duodenal atresia.
option3: Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
option4: Intussusception
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
By means of real time ultrasound examination
	
 
	 
	 
	

Answer options: option1: Pregnancy can usually be detected 5 weeks after the last menstrual period
option2: The fetal heart cannot be seen until 10 weeks after the last period
option3: Placental praevia can be readily demonstrated after the 16th week of pregnancy
option4: The biparietal diameter can be measured reliably after the 12th week of pregnancy
option5: A reliable estimate of gestational age can be made in the 3rd trimester
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 3-year old child presents with fever, progressively worsening cough and difficulty with breathing. Physical examination reveals an acutely ill child with axillary temperature of 37.8⁰C, loud grunts, chest wall retraction, reduced chest movement, reduced vocal resonance and breath sounds. The likely diagnosis is:
Answer options: option1: Pneumonia with pleural effusion
option2: Acute epiglottitis.
option3: Acute laryngotracheobronchitis.
option4: Foreign body aspiration
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Endocrinology
In a 23-year-old obese woman, Pre-diabetes is best defined by the following biochemical features
	

Answer options: option1: Fasting blood glucose 121mg /dl and HbA1c 6.2%
option2: 2-hour post-prandial Blood glucose 165mg/dl and HbA1c 7.0%
option3: Fasting blood glucose Hbaic 80mg/dl and HbA1c 5.2%
option4: Random blood glucose 190mg/dl and HbA1c 7.5%
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 13-year old girl presents at CHER with Glasgow Coma Score of 6/15. The Random Blood Glucose is 380 mg/dl, urinalysis shows glucose (+++), ketones (++) and proteins (+) while serum electrolytes show bicarbonate level of 10 mmol/l and potassium level of 2.7 mmol/l. The important immediate step in the management of the child is:

Answer options: option1: Intravenous infusion of Normal Saline.
option2: Intravenous administration of Sodium bicarbonate.
option3: Intravenous infusion of Half-Strength Darrow’s Solution.
option4: Intravenous administration of Ceftriaxone.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
	Ante-partum haemorrhage
	 
	
	
	

Answer options: option1: Is defined as “bleeding from the genital tract in pregnancy”
option2: May be complicated by hypofibrinogenaemia
option3: Requires assessment by vaginal examination
option4: May be caused by carcinoma insitu of the cervix
option5: Is always painless.
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 5-year old who has had persistent diarrhoea has serum potassium of 2.5 mmol/L . Which of the following clinical manifestations is expected as a result of the dyselectrolytaemia?
Answer options: option1: Positive Chvostek’s sign
option2: Scaphoid abdomen
option3: Abdominal distension
option4: Fast, deep breathing
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Triple test
	
 


 

Answer options: option1: AFP + Estriol + HCG
option2: AFP + Inhibin A + Progesterone
option3: AFP + Inhibin B + PAPP-A
option4: Estriol + HCG + Activin Inhibin A
option5: Estriol + Ihibin B + placental protein 13
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Pediatrics
The haematocrit levels in a population of rural primary school children in Nigeria ranges from 23% to 26%. The most likely aetiology of the condition is:





Answer options: option1: Sickle cell anaemia.
option2: Iron deficiency
option3: Glucose-6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency.
option4: Septicaemia.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 4-year-old child presents with sudden breathlessness following drinking from a plastic soft drink container. He smells of kerosene, has a loud grunt, respiratory rate of 96/minute, subcostal recession and bilaterally reduced breath sounds. Which of the following management steps must be avoided?
Answer options: option1: Cardiac positioning
option2: Insertion of venous cannula
option3: Administration of activated charcoal
option4: Gastric lavage
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 21-year old woman presents with left lower quadrant pain. A 7-cm firm adnexal mass is palpated. Ultrasound confirms a complex adnexal mass with solid components that appears to contain a tooth. What type of ovarian tumour is this?
 




Answer options: option1: Dysgerminoma
option2: Matured teratoma
option3: cystadenoma
option4: brenners tumour
option5: meigs tumour
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
You are seeing five menopausal patients in the gynaecological clinic. Each patient has one of the medical conditions listed below. All of them wish to start hormone replacement therapy (HRT) today. The patient with which one of the following medical conditions may be started HRT at the time of the visit




Answer options: option1: Mild essential hypertension
option2: Chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B
option3: History of breast cancer
option4: Undiagnosed genital tract bleeding
option5: History of pulmonary embolism
Correct answer: option1
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
The following is not one of the boundaries of the pelvic inlet





Answer options: option1: Sacral promontory
option2: Ala of the sacrum
option3: Ilio-pectineal line and eminence
option4: Upper border of the inferior pubic rami
option5: Upper border of the symphysis pubis
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Turner’s syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality that has many clinical features. Which of this is an exception?



Answer options: option1: May be diagnosed as delayed puberty
option2: May have a male phenotype
option3: Is characterized by short stature, wide carrying angle and wide spaced nipples
option4: Is characterized by low oestrogen levels due to streaked ovaries
option5: The luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH levels are usually markedly elevated
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 48-hour old infant presents with profuse bilateral purulent eye discharges with severe swelling of the conjunctivae and eye lids. The most likely causative agent is:





Answer options: option1: Group B Streptococcus
option2: Staphylococcus albus
option3: Treponema pallidum
option4: Neisseria gonorrheae
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 12-year-old boy weighing 28 kg and resident in Nigeria presents with fever, poor feeding and passage of dark urine of 12 hours duration. He is severely pale, jaundiced with tender hepatomegaly of 6 cm and splenomegaly of 8 cm. His haematocrit reads 12% and the blood pressure is 75/60 mmHg. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer options: option1: Acute glomerulonephritis.
option2: Severe malaria.
option3: Septicaemia
option4: Viral hepatitis.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A mother brings her 6-month-old male infant with Trisomy-21 to the clinic with complaints of recurrent cough and breathlessness. The most relevant explanation for the child’s complaint is:
Answer options: option1: Hypothyroidism.
option2: Developmental delay.
option3: Congenital Heart Disease.
option4: Malnutrition.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option3
Specialty: Pediatrics
A child with known history of bronchial asthma presents to the clinic with severe breathlessness, inability to complete a sentence and vomiting. He is cyanosed, restless with feeble pulses and has poor breath sounds. The immediate management need of this patient is:

Answer options: option1: Oral prednisolone therapy
option2: Mechanical ventilation.
option3: Nebulization with Normal Saline.
option4: Nebulization with Salbutamol.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 38-year-old G 4 P 2+1 1 alive, diagnosed diabetic four years ago came for booking at 26 weeks of gestation. She has not been compliant with medications and clinic attendance. The fetal anomaly most strongly associated with overt diabetes is:


 



Answer options: option1: Congenital heart defects
option2: Neural tube defects
option3: Limb defects
option4: Renal agenesis
option5: Sacral agenesis
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Pediatrics
A 3-year-old child presents with leukocoria in the right eye of 2 months duration and squinting. At the time of presentation, there is severe bilateral proptosis. The most likely diagnosis is:






Answer options: option1: Orbital cellulitis.
option2: Retro-orbital abscess.
option3: Neuroblastoma.
option4: Retinoblastoma.
option5: n/a
Correct answer: option4
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A 20-year-old primigravida, unbooked, was rushed into the emergency room unconscious following repeated episodes of convulsions. Blood pressure checked on admission was 150/100 mmHg. Urinalysis revealed 3+ of proteinuria. She was thereafter given intravenous injection of Magnesium sulphate. The following is untrue regarding Magnesium sulphate:






Answer options: option1: Is given to cases of imminent eclampsia
option2: The aim is to reduce blood pressure
option3: Acts on the central nervous system causing depression
option4: Is excreted by the kidney
option5: Toxicity should be checked before given each dose.
Correct answer: option2
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
Regarding the pathology of concealed accidental haemorrhage, the following statement is true:






Answer options: option1: Blood is retained mainly due to compression by the fetal head
option2: Couvelaire uterus is a term describing a uterus with a huge retro placental clot
option3: The release of prostaglandins initiates the process of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
option4: Renal tubular necrosis is always reversible
option5: Spasm and degenerative changes occur in the decidual arterioles due to associated preeclampsia
Correct answer: option5
Specialty: Obstetrics_and_Gynecology
A woman presents at 28 weeks gestation reporting vaginal bleeding. The bleeding occurred 2 hours ago and was bright red. There was no associated abdominal pain and no previous episode of bleeding. Previous ultrasound scan was normal. Examination revealed no abnormality except speculum examination that revealed a reddened area around the external cervical os with an inflammatory appearance and a small amount of contact bleeding. The most likely diagnosis is





Answer options: option1: Placenta praevia
option2: Abruptio placenta
option3: Vasa praevia
option4: Cervical cancer
option5: Ectopion
Correct answer: option5