{"bibcode":"2019MNRAS.486.5558S","label_studio_id":487,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,17,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,35,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,17,15,27,62,30,61,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,35,4,35,35,35,35,35,35,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,62,62,62,17,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,62,4,35,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,18,49,4,35,62,4,35,62,62,62,62,24,62,24,55,62,62,24,62,4,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,12,43,43,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,17,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,12,43,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Mission","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Mission","B-Instrument","B-Telescope","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Mission","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Model","I-Model","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-Software","O","B-Software","I-Software","O","O","B-Software","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","B-Mission","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["Whilst","a","reasonable","harmonic","fit","to","the","ESPaDOnS","data","can","be","achieved","using","this","period,","it","does","not","produce","an","acceptable","phasing","of","all","available","\u3008","B","z","\u3009","measurements.","Figure","1.","Photometric","(","top",")","and","magnetic","\u3008","B","z","\u3009","(","bottom",")","measurements,","phased","with","periods","determined","from","(left","to","right)","K2","photometry,","all","\u3008","B","z","\u3009","measurements,","and","all","photometric","measurements.","\u3008","B","z","\u3009","measurements","were","obtained","from","ESPaDOnS","by","Shultz","et","al.","(","2018",")","and","photopolarimetric","data","by","Borra","et","al.","(","1983",",","BLT83)","and","Bohlender","et","al.","(","1993",",","BLT93).","The","solid","and","dashed","curves","show,","respectively,","the","best","second-order","harmonic","fit","to","the","ESPaDOnS","\u3008","B","z","\u3009","data","and","the","1\u03c3","fit","uncertainty.","Photometric","data","are","from","K2,","SMEI,","Hipparcos","(","H","p","),","and","Str\u00f6mgren","y","photometry","published","by","Sterken","et","al.","(","1995",",","S95),","Manfroid","et","al.","(","1995",",","M95),","and","Pedersen","Thomsen","(","1977",",","P77).","For","clarity","the","K2","and","SMEI","data","have","been","binned","by","phase,","using","bin","sizes","of","0.01","cycles.","The","mean","magnitude","of","each","data","set","was","subtracted","for","display","purposes.","All","of","the","periods","obtained","since","the","year","2000","are","approximately","consistent","with","one","another;","the","two","periods","determined","using","photometric","data","obtained","prior","to","the","year","2000","are","also","consistent","with","one","another.","At","the","same","time,","the","difference","between","the","Bowman","et","al.","(","2018",")","and","Catalano","Leone","(","1996",")","periods,","0.00015","d,","is","almost","eight","times","larger","than","the","formal","uncertainty","in","the","Bowman","et","al.","period","(the","less","precise","of","the","two).","This","suggests","that","the","period","may","have","changed.","3.2","Period","analysis","We","now","turn","to","a","re-examination","of","the","period","analysis","of","the","individual","data","sets;","the","results","are","summarized","in","Table","2",".","Period","analysis","was","performed","using","standard","Lomb\u2013Scargle","statistics","(Lomb","1976",";","Scargle","1982","),","utilizing","both","the","idl","program","periodogram","4","and","the","period04","package","(Lenz","Breger","2005",").","The","uncertainties","were","determined","in","the","same","manner","as","by","Shultz","et","al.","(","2018","),","i.e.","according","to","the","analytic","method","described","by","Bloomfield","(","1976",").","Examining","the","ESPaDOnS","data","in","isolation","yields","P","rot","=","0.97887(6)","d,","consistent","within","uncertainty","with","the","K2","period","(Bowman","et","al.","2018",").","The","period","determined","from","all","available","magnetic","data","(i.e.","including","the","previously","overlooked","\u3008","B","z","\u3009","measurements","of","Borra","et","al.","1983",")","is","0.979855(5)","d.","The","photometric","and","magnetic","data","are","shown","phased","with","this","period","in","the","middle","panel","of","Fig.","1",".","Phasing","\u3008","B","z","\u3009","with","this","period","and","fitting","the","ESPaDOnS","data","with","a","second-order","sinusoid","yields","a","reduced","\u03c7","2","=","5,","i.e.","a","poor","fit.","This","period","also","does","not","provide","a","coherent","phasing","of","the","majority","of","the","photometric","data","set.","Notably,","the","variation","in","the","phase-binned","SMEI","data","almost","completely","disappears,","likely","because","observations","are","being","binned","as","though","they","were","at","the","same","phase","when,","in","fact,","they","are","not.","We","can","also","combine","all","available","photometric","data","(shifted","to","the","mean","magnitude","of","each","data","set,","as","in","Fig.","1","),","which","yields","P","rot","="],"unique_id":"fulltext_487_2019MNRAS.486.5558S","pred_ner_tags":["O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","B-Citation","I-Citation","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Software","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Model","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Mission","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","I-Formula","O","O","B-Software","B-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","I-Citation","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","B-Mission","O","O","O","B-Software","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Formula","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Mission","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Mission","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","I-Software","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","I-Citation","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","B-Telescope","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","I-Citation","B-Instrument","B-Model","O","B-Instrument","O"]} {"bibcode":"2018MNRAS.480.3062L","label_studio_id":1086,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,22,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,62,62,21,52,52,52,62,62,11,42,42,62,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,62,62,13,44],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Person","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Grant","I-Grant"],"section":"acknowledgments","tokens":["ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS","The","authors","thank","an","anonymous","reviewer","for","comments","and","suggestions","that","strengthened","our","manuscript.","NWCL","gratefully","acknowledges","support","from","the","American","Museum","of","Natural","History","and","the","Richard","Guilder","Graduate","School,","specifically","the","Kalbfleisch","Fellowship","Program,","as","well","as","support","from","a","National","Science","Foundation","Award","No.","AST","11-09395."],"unique_id":"acknowledgments_1086_2018MNRAS.480.3062L","pred_ner_tags":["I-Fellowship","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Fellowship","O","O","O","O","I-Fellowship","O","B-Person","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","O","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","O","O","I-Grant","O","I-Organization","O","O","B-Organization","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","B-Grant"]} {"bibcode":"2019MNRAS.482L...9B","label_studio_id":559,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,22,53,22,53,22,53,22,53,22,53,22,53,62,22,53,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,62,62,16,47,13,44,44,13,62,21,62,62,62,13,62,62,62,62,62,62,10,41,41,41,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,52,52,52,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,62,27,62,29,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,52,21,29,62,62,62,62,21,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,5,36,36],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","B-Person","I-Person","B-Person","I-Person","B-Person","I-Person","B-Person","I-Person","B-Person","I-Person","B-Person","I-Person","O","B-Person","I-Person","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Location","I-Location","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","B-Grant","O","B-Organization","O","O","O","B-Grant","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Event","I-Event","I-Event","I-Event","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Telescope","O","B-URL","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","B-URL","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","I-Collaboration"],"section":"acknowledgments","tokens":["ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS","We","thank","Dougal","Mackey,","Adrian","Price-Whelan,","David","Hogg,","Gurtina","Besla,","David","Schiminovich,","Alis","Deason,","and","Sergey","Koposov","for","illuminating","discussions.","The","research","leading","to","these","results","has","received","funding","from","the","European","Research","Council","under","the","European","Union\u2019s","Seventh","Framework","Programme","(FP\/2007-2013)","\/","ERC","Grant","Agreement","n.","308024.","This","research","was","started","at","the","NYC","Gaia","DR2","Workshop","at","the","Center","for","Computational","Astrophysics","of","the","Flatiron","Institute","in","April","2018","and","made","use","of","data","from","the","European","Space","Agency","mission","Gaia","(","http:\/\/www.cosmos.esa.int\/gaia","),","processed","by","the","Gaia","Data","Processing","and","Analysis","Consortium","(DPAC,","http:\/\/www.cosmos.esa.int\/web\/gaia\/dpac\/consortium",").","Funding","for","the","DPAC","has","been","provided","by","national","institutions,","in","particular","the","institutions","participating","in","the","Gaia","Multilateral","Agreement."],"unique_id":"acknowledgments_559_2019MNRAS.482L...9B","pred_ner_tags":["O","B-Person","I-Event","O","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","I-Person","B-Person","O","B-Person","I-Organization","B-Person","B-Organization","O","I-Organization","B-Person","O","I-Collaboration","B-URL","I-Event","I-Organization","O","O","I-Person","O","O","O","O","I-Person","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","I-Grant","O","B-Grant","B-Organization","O","O","B-URL","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","I-Person","O","O","O","B-Person","B-Grant","O","I-Event","O","B-Collaboration","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","I-Person","B-Location","B-Organization","O","I-Grant","B-Organization","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","B-Grant","I-Organization","I-Collaboration","O","I-Person","I-Organization","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","O","B-Event","O","O","I-Person","O","O","O","I-Location","B-Organization","O","B-Organization","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","B-Person","B-Telescope"]} {"bibcode":"2018A&A...617A..26D","label_studio_id":1307,"ner_ids":[4,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,27,15,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,62,4,35,62,62,62,30,27,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,27,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,8,39,39,39,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,4,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,62,62,62],"ner_tags":["B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","B-Instrument","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","B-Telescope","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Dataset","I-Dataset","I-Dataset","I-Dataset","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["Lasota","(2007)","have","updated","this","work,","for","a","sample","of","ten","CVs.","The","importance","of","this","test","was","revived","by","Schreiber","G\u00e4nsicke","(2002)",",","who","pointed","out","that","the","HST","FGS","parallax","distance","of","SS","Cyg,","the","archetypal","dwarf","nova,","led","to","a","revised","mass","transfer","rate","that","placed","this","outbursting","system","in","the","stable","region","of","the","(","R","out",",","\u1e40",")","plane.","This","led","to","much","hand-wringing","(","Schreiber","Lasota","2007",";","Smak","2010",")","until","a","radio","VLBI","parallax","distance","(","Miller-Jones","et","al.","2013","),","confirmed","with","Gaia","(","Ramsay","et","al.","2017","),","firmly","placed","the","system","in","the","unstable","region","(as","anticipated","by","Lasota","2008",").","Although","there","are","dozens","of","CVs","with","relatively","well-known","binary","parameters,","a","thorough","investigation","of","this","test","has","yet","to","be","performed.","Ramsay","et","al.","(2017)","proposed","to","test","the","DIM","by","taking","the","absolute","magnitude","at","a","specific","stage","of","a","dwarf","nova","outbursts","(at","the","end","of","long","outbursts","or","in","stand-stills)","to","compare","the","derived","mass","accretion","rate","to","the","critical","rate","for","the","system,","under","the","assumption","that","both","should","be","nearly","equal.","Good","agreement","was","found","for","the","sample","of","a","dozen","CVs","with","distances","in","the","Gaia","first","data","release.","Its","main","advantage","is","that","the","required","optical","magnitude","is","straightforward","to","extract","from","the","light","curves.","However,","a","major","drawback","of","this","approach","is","that","it","relies","on","assumptions","on","how","matter","is","transported","in","the","disk","because","one","needs","to","predict","when","the","mass","accretion","rate","happens","to","be","equal","to","the","critical","rate","during","the","outburst","cycle.","Hence,","it","is","a","much","less","fundamental","and","robust","test","of","the","basic","premises","of","the","DIM.","Indeed,","an","important","difficulty","in","using","the","fundamental","test","is","that","it","requires","extracting","the","average","mass","transfer","rate","from","CV","optical","light","curves,","which","in","many","cases","are","unevenly,","inhomogeneously,","and","incompletely","sampled.","The","situation","is","somewhat","easier","for","X-ray","binaries,","for","which","the","DIM","also","applies","because","X-ray","monitors","provide","continuous","coverage","and","X-rays","provide","a","closer","measure","of","the","bolometric","luminosity","in","those","systems","than","optical","magnitudes","do","for","CVs,","which","in","outburst","emit","primarily","UV","radiation.","Coriat","et","al.","(2012)","were","able","to","derive","average","mass","accretion","rates","for","~50","X-ray","binaries","and","showed","that","the","DIM,","modified","to","include","X-ray","irradiation","(","van","Paradijs","1996","),","separates","consistently","transients","from","steady","systems.","We","carry","out,","for","the","first","time","on","CVs,","a","similar","analysis","to","that","performed","on","X-ray","binaries","by","Coriat","et","al.","(2012)","to","test","the","fundamental","prediction","of","the","DIM:","the","separation","of","CVs","into","stable","and","unstable","systems","is","determined","by","the","orbital","period","(a","proxy","for","disk","size)","of","the","binary","and","mass","transfer","rate","from","the","companion.","We","use","a","subsample","of","the","CV","light","curves","gathered","by","Otulakowska-Hypka","et","al.","(2016)",".","We","consider","all","types","of","dwarf","nova","outbursts,","including","so-called","super-outbursts","that","are","not","supposed","to","be","described","by","the","standard","version","of","the","DIM","(see,","e.g.,","Lasota","2001",",","and","references"],"unique_id":"fulltext_1307_2018A&A...617A..26D","pred_ner_tags":["I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Wavelength","I-Citation","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Dataset","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Dataset","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Dataset","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Dataset","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"]} {"bibcode":"2017ApJ...840...33S","label_studio_id":465,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,2,33,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,18,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,27,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,18,49,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObjectRegion","I-CelestialObjectRegion","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Model","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Model","I-Model","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["an","antenna","with","cos","2","beam","would","have","a","maximum","temperature","at","the","LST","when","the","Galactic","center","is","at","zenith.","This","also","corresponds","to","the","spectrum","having","the","largest","rms","residual","among","the","various","mock","spectra","considered","here.","For","various","large-area","samplings","of","the","sky,","we","have","thus","demonstrated","that","the","foreground","component","in","a","beam-averaged","spectrum","is","adequately","describable","by","an","MS","function.","Thus","for","observations","with","a","frequency-independent","beam,","MS","functions","can","be","used","to","separate","foregrounds","from","the","global","EoR","signal.","We","next","discuss","mathematical","statistical","detection","based","on","MS-form","modeling","of","foregrounds.","5.","On","the","Detection","of","the","Global","Reionization","Signal","A","mock","observation","of","the","radio","sky","as","observed","by","a","cos","2","beam","is","shown","in","Figures","14",".","A","GMOSS","model","for","the","sky","has","been","adopted","and","CMB","with","a","spectral","distortion","corresponding","to","generic","global","EoR","has","been","added.","We","fit","this","mock","observation","of","the","sky","spectrum","with","a","function","given","by","the","sum","of","an","MS","function","to","model","the","foreground","and","a","Planck","spectrum","to","account","for","the","undistorted","CMB,","as","described","by","Equation","(","9",").","We","use","the","downhill","simplex","(Nelder","Mead","1965",")","optimization","algorithm","to","iteratively","fit","this","model","to","the","synthetic","spectrum,","adopting","a","successive","approximation","strategy.","The","MS","polynomial","is","expressed","as","a","polynomial","expansion","about","a","frequency","given","by","the","parameter",".","The","first","iteration","fits","a","function","that","has","four","parameters:","the","CMB","temperature",",","the","pivot","frequency",",","and","two","coefficients","that","describe","a","single","power","law","for","the","foreground.","We","successively","include","more","terms","using","the","optimized","parameters","from","the","previous","iteration","as","initial","guess","and","zero","for","the","new","coefficient","introduced.","The","residuals","on","subtracting","a","model","with","a","Planckian","function","and","MS","functions","of","degree","2,","5,","7,","8,","10,","and","15","are","also","shown","in","Figure","14",".","This","may","be","compared","to","the","residuals","obtained","above","on","fitting","unconstrained","polynomials","to","the","same","mock","observation","containing","the","EoR","signal,","which","was","shown","in","Figure","6",".","As","noted","earlier,","for","the","case","where","the","foregrounds","were","modeled","as","unconstrained","polynomials,","the","residual","amplitude","gets","progressively","lower","with","increasing","polynomial","order","and","there","are","additional","turning","points","introduced.","On","the","other","hand,","while","using","MS","functions,","the","residual","remains","unchanged","once","the","MS","function","encounters","a","shape","that","cannot","be","described","as","smooth","and","thenceforth","increasing","the","order","of","the","MS","function","no","longer","changes","the","residual.","This","would","continue","to","be","the","case","on","fitting","the","spectrum","with","MS","functions","of","arbitrarily","higher","order.","The","residual","recovered","on","fitting","the","mock","spectrum","with","such","components","that","may","accurately","model","the","undistorted","CMB","and","foreground","appears","qualitatively","similar","to","the","adopted","global","EoR","signal,","which","was","included","in","the","simulation.","We","now","proceed","to","quantify","the","confidence","in","signal","detection","and","the","likelihood","of","false","positives.","Figure","14.","(a)","Mock","spectrum","generated"],"unique_id":"fulltext_465_2017ApJ...840...33S","pred_ner_tags":["O","O","B-Model","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","B-CelestialObjectRegion","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Model","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Model","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObjectRegion","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"]} {"bibcode":"2016ApJ...821..119C","label_studio_id":1722,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,12,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,12,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,35,62,4,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,12,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,28,59,59,59,62,12,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,28,59,59,62,12,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,28,59,59,59,62,12,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,28,59,59,62,12,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,12,43,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-TextGarbage","I-TextGarbage","I-TextGarbage","I-TextGarbage","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-TextGarbage","I-TextGarbage","I-TextGarbage","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-TextGarbage","I-TextGarbage","I-TextGarbage","I-TextGarbage","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-TextGarbage","I-TextGarbage","I-TextGarbage","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["of","the","CSM","density","profile","and","the","forward","shock","evolution","together","determine","the","temporal","behavior","of","the","optically","thin","radio","flux","density.","For","s","=","0","and",",","the","flux","density","rises","with","time","as","once",",","the","flux","density","evolution","steepens","to","(visible","as","a","kink","in","the","model","light","curve","of","Figure","1","with","cm","\u22123","around","100","days","after","explosion;","such","a","kink","was","also","noted","by","P\u00e9rez-Torres","et","al.","2014",").","Meanwhile","for","s","=","2,","the","optically","thin","scaling","is","when","later,","when","bottoms","out","at","unity,","then",".","Therefore,","the","temporal","evolution","of","the","optically","thin","flux","density","can","be","used","to","estimate","the","density","profile","of","the","CSM.","4.5.","Caveats","and","Complexities","As","discussed","by","Horesh","et","al.","(","2012",",","2013","),","the","most","significant","uncertainty","in","converting","radio","luminosity","to","a","density","of","the","CSM","is","the","efficiency","of","magnetic","field","acceleration,",".","In","the","case","of","uniform","density","CSM","and","optically","thin","synchrotron","emission,","the","density","derived","from","a","given","flux","density","will","depend","on","as","when",",","and","when",".","For","s","=","2","and",",","we","find",",","and","when","converges","to","unity","then",".","In","addition,","as","seen","by","comparing","Figures","3","with","4",",","and","Figures","5","with","6",",","the","synchrotron","emission","becomes","optically","thin","faster","for","lower","values","of",".","Figure","3.","Each","panel","shows","a","set","of","radio","light","curve","models","at","a","distinct","frequency","(marked","top","left),","assuming",",",",",",",",","and","s","=","2.","The","model","grids","span","a","range","of","values","()","with","spacing","of","1","dex,","with","purple-blue","models","corresponding","to","low","values","and","red","models","to","high",".","Observed","3","\u03c3","upper","limits","at","each","frequency","are","overplotted","as","black","triangles.","Figure","4.","Each","panel","shows","a","set","of","radio","light","curve","models","at","a","distinct","frequency","(marked","top","left),","assuming","a","more","conservative","(compared","to","in","Figure","3",")","and","retaining",",",",",",","and","s","=","2.","The","model","grid","and","color","scheme","represent","the","same","range","of","values","as","in","Figure","3",".","Observed","3","\u03c3","upper","limits","at","each","frequency","are","overplotted","as","black","triangles.","Figure","5.","Each","panel","shows","a","set","of","radio","light","curve","models","at","a","distinct","frequency","(marked","top","left),","assuming",",",",",",",",","and","s","=","0.","The","model","grids","span","a","range","of","n","0","values","(","cm","\u22123",")","with","resolution","of","1","dex,","with","purple-blue","models","corresponding","to","low","n","0","values","and","red","models","to","high","n","0",".","Observed","3","\u03c3","upper","limits","at","each","frequency","are","overplotted","as","black","triangles.","Figure","6.","Each","panel","shows","a","set","of","radio","light","curve","models","at","a","distinct","frequency","(marked","top","left),","assuming","a","more","conservative","(compared","to","in","Figure","5",")","and","retaining",",",",",",","and","s","=","0.","The","model","grid","and","color","scheme","represent","the","same","range","of","n","0","values","as","in","Figure","5",".","Observed","3","\u03c3","upper","limits","at","each","frequency","are","overplotted","as","black","triangles.","Radio","light","curve","models","are","also","affected","by","the","assumed","values","of","SN","ejecta","mass","and","explosion","energy.","If","we","take","conservatively","low","values","of","and",",","we","find","forward","shock","velocities","of","and","at","t","=","10","days","since","explosion","for","and",",","respectively.","These","blast","wave","velocities","are","high","enough","that","synchrotron","self","absorption","still","dominates","over"],"unique_id":"fulltext_1722_2016ApJ...821..119C","pred_ner_tags":["O","O","O","B-Formula","O","I-TextGarbage","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-TextGarbage","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-TextGarbage","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","I-TextGarbage","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","I-TextGarbage","O","O","O","B-TextGarbage","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-TextGarbage","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-TextGarbage","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","I-Formula","O","I-TextGarbage","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","I-TextGarbage","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-TextGarbage","I-Formula","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","B-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-TextGarbage","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","B-TextGarbage","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","O","B-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","I-TextGarbage","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"]} {"bibcode":"2021ApJS..253...46P","label_studio_id":166,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,25,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,25,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,25,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,19,50,62,30,62,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,62,4,35,35,35,62,4,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,24,55,55,55,62,24,62,4,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,61,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,24,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","I-ObservationalTechniques","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Software","I-Software","I-Software","I-Software","O","B-Software","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Software","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["version","of","the","full","table","is","available.","Table","3","The","Spectral","Parameters","Associated","with","the","H","\u03b2","Emission","Line","Note.","Column","information","is","as","follows:","Column","[1]:","4FGL","name;","Column","[2]:","redshift;","Column","[3]:","log-scale","continuum","luminosity","at","5100","\u00c5;","Column","[4]:","FWHM","of","H","\u03b2","line,","in","km","s","\u22121",";","and","Column","[5]:","log-scale","H","\u03b2","line","luminosity,","in","erg","s","\u22121",".","(This","table","is","available","in","its","entirety","in","machine-readable","form.)","Only","a","portion","of","this","table","is","shown","here","to","demonstrate","its","form","and","content.","A","machine-readable","version","of","the","full","table","is","available.","Table","4","The","Spectral","Parameters","Associated","with","the","Mg","ii","Emission","Line","Note.","Column","information","is","as","follows:","Column","[1]:","4FGL","name;","Column","[2]:","redshift;","Column","[3]:","log-scale","continuum","luminosity","at","3000","\u00c5;","Column","[4]:","FWHM","of","Mg","ii","line,","in","km","s","\u22121",";","and","Column","[5]:","log-scale","Mg","ii","line","luminosity,","in","erg","s","\u22121",".","(This","table","is","available","in","its","entirety","in","machine-readable","form.)","Only","a","portion","of","this","table","is","shown","here","to","demonstrate","its","form","and","content.","A","machine-readable","version","of","the","full","table","is","available.","Table","5","The","Spectral","Parameters","Associated","with","the","C","iv","Emission","Line","Note.","Column","information","is","as","follows:","Column","[1]:","4FGL","name;","Column","[2]:","redshift;","Column","[3]:","log-scale","continuum","luminosity","at","1350","\u00c5;","Column","[4]:","FWHM","of","C","iv","line,","in","km","s","\u22121",";","and","Column","[5]:","log-scale","C","iv","line","luminosity,","in","erg","s","\u22121",".","(This","table","is","available","in","its","entirety","in","machine-readable","form.)","Only","a","portion","of","this","table","is","shown","here","to","demonstrate","its","form","and","content.","A","machine-readable","version","of","the","full","table","is","available.","3.2.","Absorption-line","Spectrum","The","optical","spectra","of","346","\u03b3","-ray","blazars","show","prominent","absorption","lines,","e.g.,","the","Ca","HK","doublet,","primarily","originating","from","the","stellar","population","in","the","host","galaxy.","It","has","been","shown","in","various","works","that","the","mass","of","the","central","black","hole","significantly","correlates","with","the","stellar","velocity","dispersion","(","\u03c3","*",",","see","Ferrarese","Merritt","2000",";","G\u00fcltekin","et","al.","2009",";","Kormendy","Ho","2013",").","Therefore,","we","have","used","the","penalized","PiXel","Fitting","tool","(","pPXF",";","Cappellari","Emsellem","2004",")","to","derive","\u03c3","*","for","blazars","present","in","the","sample.","This","software","works","in","pixel","space","and","uses","a","maximum","penalized","likelihood","approach","to","calculate","the","line-of-sight","velocity","distribution","(LOSVD)","from","kinematic","data","(Merritt","1997",").","A","large","set","of","stellar","population","synthesis","models","(adopted","from","Vazdekis","et","al.","2010",")","with","a","spectral","resolution","of","FWHM","=","2.5","\u00c5","and","the","wavelength","coverage","of","[3525,","7500]","\u00c5","(S\u00e1nchez-Bl\u00e1zquez","et","al.","2006",")","was","used","in","this","work.","The","pPXF","code","first","creates","a","template","galaxy","spectrum","by","convolving","the","stellar","population","models","with","the","parameterized","LOSVD.","To","mimic","the","nonthermal","power-law","contribution","from","the","central","nucleus,","we","further","added","a","fourth-order","Legendre","polynomial","to","the","model.","The","regions","of","bright","emission","lines","were","masked","prior","to","the","fitting.","The","model","was","then","fitted","on","the","rest-frame","galaxy","spectrum,","and","\u03c3","*","and","the"],"unique_id":"fulltext_166_2021ApJS..253...46P","pred_ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Software","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Software","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Software","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Software","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Software","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","B-Wavelength","B-Citation","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Software","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation"]} {"bibcode":"2019MNRAS.489.2079L","label_studio_id":584,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,22,53,62,62,62,22,62,22,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,52,62,16,21,62,62,62,13,62,62,62,16,13,44,44,13,22,62,62,62,62,62,62,11,42,42,42,62,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,62,62,62,62,62,6,37,37,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,25,56,56,56,56,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,62,16,21,52,52,52,52,52,62,62,62,62,25,62,62,62,62,62,62,6,37,37,37,62,62,21,52,52,62,25,62,62,62,29,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,21,62,27,62,29,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,52,21,29,62,62,62,62,21,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,5,36,36],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Person","I-Person","O","O","O","B-Person","O","B-Person","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Location","B-Organization","O","O","O","B-Grant","O","O","O","B-Location","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","B-Grant","B-Person","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","B-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Location","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","B-URL","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","O","B-Telescope","O","B-URL","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","B-URL","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","I-Collaboration"],"section":"acknowledgments","tokens":["ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS","It","is","a","pleasure","to","thank","Frdric","Arenou","for","helpful","comments.","HL","and","JB","received","support","from","the","Natural","Sciences","and","Engineering","Research","Council","of","Canada","(NSERC;","funding","reference","number","RGPIN-2015-05235)","and","from","an","Ontario","Early","Researcher","Award","(ER16-12-061).","JB","also","received","partial","support","from","an","Alfred","P.","Sloan","Fellowship.","We","gratefully","acknowledge","the","support","of","NVIDIA","Corporation","with","the","donation","of","a","Titan","Xp","GPU","used","in","this","research.","Funding","for","the","Sloan","Digital","Sky","Survey","IV","has","been","provided","by","the","Alfred","P.","Sloan","Foundation,","the","U.S.","Department","of","Energy","Office","of","Science,","and","the","Participating","Institutions.","SDSS-IV","acknowledges","support","and","resources","from","the","Centre","for","High-Performance","Computing","at","the","University","of","Utah.","The","SDSS","web","site","is","www.sdss.org",".","This","work","has","made","use","of","data","from","the","European","Space","Agency","(ESA)","mission","Gaia","(","https:\/\/www.cosmos.esa.int\/gaia","),","processed","by","the","Gaia","Data","Processing","and","Analysis","Consortium","(DPAC,","https:\/\/www.cosmos.esa.int\/web\/gaia\/dpac\/consortium",").","Funding","for","the","DPAC","has","been","provided","by","national","institutions,","in","particular","the","institutions","participating","in","the","Gaia","Multilateral","Agreement."],"unique_id":"acknowledgments_584_2019MNRAS.489.2079L","pred_ner_tags":["I-Grant","O","O","I-Fellowship","O","B-Survey","B-Person","B-Organization","O","O","I-Organization","I-ComputingFacility","B-Organization","B-Fellowship","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Fellowship","I-Organization","O","B-Grant","O","O","I-ComputingFacility","O","O","O","I-Organization","B-Survey","O","I-Organization","B-Location","O","B-Person","I-Survey","I-Organization","I-ComputingFacility","O","O","O","O","O","I-Survey","I-Organization","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-URL","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","I-Organization","I-Person","O","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","B-URL","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","O","O","O","B-Person","B-Organization","I-Organization","B-ComputingFacility","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Organization","B-Grant","O","B-Location","O","O","B-Organization","B-Grant","O","B-Organization","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","B-ComputingFacility","O","O","O","O","O","I-Collaboration","O","O","O","I-ComputingFacility","O","B-Location","O","O","I-Collaboration","O","I-Fellowship","O","I-Grant","O","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-ComputingFacility","B-Organization","O","O","B-Telescope","O","I-Organization","I-Survey","O","O","B-Collaboration","O","O","B-Person","I-Organization","O","O","O","I-Organization","I-Survey","O","O","O","I-Organization","B-URL","O","B-Organization","I-Organization"]} {"bibcode":"2020ApJ...901...37L","label_studio_id":247,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,27,58,58,62,27,58,58,27,62,62,62,1,32,32,62,1,32,32,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,4,35,35,35,62,20,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,4,35,35,35,62,27,58,58,58,62,62,62,62,62,1,1,32,1,32,4,35,35,35,62,4,35,35,35,62,25,56,56,56,56,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,4,35,35,35,62,4,62,4,35,35,35,62,27,62,27,58,58,62,62,62,62,3,34,62,1,32,4,35,35,35,62,4,35,35,35,62,20,62,62,62,1,32,32,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,1,32,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,1,32,4,35,35,35,62,4,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,17,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,4,35,35,35,62,4,35,35,35,62,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","I-Telescope","I-Telescope","O","B-Telescope","I-Telescope","I-Telescope","B-Telescope","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Observatory","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Telescope","I-Telescope","I-Telescope","I-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Telescope","O","B-Telescope","I-Telescope","I-Telescope","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialRegion","I-CelestialRegion","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Observatory","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Mission","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["identified","toward","these","positions.","Column","densities","of","this","species","are","presented","in","Table","3",".","Figure","5.","Detected","transitions","of","CH","3","NHCHO","in","the","spectrum","toward","position","MM1-nmf.","The","observed","spectrum","is","plotted","in","black,","with","the","synthetic","spectrum","overplotted","in","blue","and","the","rest-frequency","center","of","the","transition","is","indicated","by","the","red","dotted","line.","The","upper","state","energy","of","each","transition","is","given","in","the","top-left","corner.","At","a","number","of","positions","a","handful","of","spectral","features","are","identified","that","can","be","assigned","to","NH","2","C(O)NH","2",".","The","most","and","clearest","lines","are","identified","toward","position","MM1-v,","see","Figure","6",",","with","at","least","three","unblended","lines.","While","these","lines","are","not","enough","for","a","secure","detection,","a","tentative","identification","can","be","claimed.","The","tentative","and","upper-limit","column","densities","of","NH","2","C(O)NH","2","are","presented","in","Table","3",".","Figure","6.","Overview","of","NH","2","C(O)NH","2","spectral","features","toward","position","MM1-v.","The","observed","spectrum","is","plotted","in","black,","with","the","synthetic","spectrum","overplotted","in","blue","and","the","rest-frequency","center","of","the","transition","is","indicated","by","the","red","dotted","line.","The","upper","state","energy","of","each","transition","is","given","in","the","top-left","corner.","4.","Discussion","4.1.","Chemical","Comparisons","To","get","a","better","understanding","of","the","chemical","processes","leading","to","amides,","it","is","useful","to","compare","molecular","ratios","of","the","positions","within","NGC","6334I,","but","also","with","other","inter-","and","circumstellar","sources.","In","the","following","subsections","molecular","ratios","with","respect","to","NH","2","CHO","are","discussed.","Comparisons","are","made","with","the","following","works:","IRAM","30","m","and","Green","Bank","Telescope","(GBT)","single-dish","observations","of","G","+","0.693-0.027","(hereafter","G","+","0.693),","a","quiescent","giant","molecular","cloud","(Zeng","et","al.","2018",";","Jim\u00e9nez-Serra","et","al.","2020",");","ALMA","observations","of","the","incipient","hot","corino","Barnard","B1b-S","(Marcelino","et","al.","2018",");","Northern","Extended","Millimeter","Array","observations","of","the","low-mass","protostars","SVS13A,","NGC","1333-IRAS4A2,","NGC","1333-IRAS2A(1)","(Coutens","et","al.","2018",";","Belloche","et","al.","2020",");","ALMA","Protostellar","Interferometric","Line","Survey","(J\u00f8rgensen","et","al.","2016",")","observations","of","the","low-mass","protostar","IRAS","16293B","(Coutens","et","al.","2016",",","2018",";","Ligterink","et","al.","2018a",");","GBT","and","IRAM","30","m","single-dish","observations","of","the","Galactic","center","source","Sgr","B2","(Hollis","et","al.","2006",";","Belloche","et","al.","2013",");","ALMA","observations","of","the","HMSFR","Orion","KL","(Cernicharo","et","al.","2016",");","the","high-mass","star","AFGL","4176","(B\u00f8gelund","et","al.","2019a",");","and","of","Sgr","B2","(Belloche","et","al.","2017",",","2019",").","One","has","to","be","aware","that","precise","knowledge","of","the","source","size","or","emitting","area","of","a","certain","molecule","is","essential","for","ratio","comparisons.","In","particular,","single-dish","telescopes","do","not","have","the","spatial","resolution","to","determine","the","source","size","and","these","are","often","assumed","or","estimated,","potentially","resulting","in","large","column","density","errors.","Finally,","mass","spectrometric","measurements","of","the","Rosetta","mission","to","comet","67P\/C-G","are","used","to","compare","with","a","solar","system","object","(Goesmann","et","al.","2015",";","Altwegg","et","al.","2017",").","The"],"unique_id":"fulltext_247_2020ApJ...901...37L","pred_ner_tags":["O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Telescope","B-Citation","O","B-CelestialObject","O","I-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-CelestialObject","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","I-Survey","O","O","I-CelestialObject","B-Citation","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","I-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","B-Citation","B-CelestialObject","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","B-Observatory","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","I-Telescope","O","O","I-CelestialObject","I-Citation","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","I-Telescope","O","O","B-Telescope","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialRegion","I-Citation","I-CelestialObject","O","I-Citation","I-Survey","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","I-Survey","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Telescope","O","I-Citation","O","I-Telescope","O","I-CelestialObject","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","B-CelestialRegion","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Telescope","B-Observatory","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Mission","I-Citation","I-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Telescope","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O"]} {"bibcode":"2020ApJ...901...69C","label_studio_id":794,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,12,43,43,43,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,0,31,31,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Archive","I-Archive","I-Archive","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["core.","Figure","12","shows","that","such","a","quiescent","gas","environment","barely","affects","the","line","ratios,","as","the","difference","in","the","line","ratios","calculated","at","the","turbulence","0","and","150","km","s","\u22121","is","very","small.","Figure","12.","Line","intensity","ratio","relative","to","w","vs.","log","of","hydrogen","column","density.","Solid:","no","turbulence.","Dashed:","turbulence","150","km","s","\u22121",".","Dotted:","turbulence","500","km","s","\u22121",".","We","also","plot","the","line","ratios","at","the","turbulence","of","500","km","s","\u22121",".","Such","a","high","value","of","the","turbulence","is","not","applicable","in","our","region","of","interest,","but","may","apply","for","gas","in","other","environments","such","as","merging","galaxy","clusters","(Cassano","Brunetti","2005",").","Optical","depth","can","be","expressed","as","a","product","of","column","density","(","N","),","and","absorption","cross","section","(","\u03b1","\u03bd","):where","\u03b1","\u03bd","is","inversely","proportional","to","the","total","Doppler","velocity.where","is","the","downward","transition","probability,","is","the","oscillator","strength","and","other","symbols","have","their","usual","meaning","(Mihalas","1970",").","If","the","temperature","is","held","constant,","an","increase","in","the","turbulent","velocity","decreases","\u03b1","\u03bd",",","which","decreases","the","overall","optical","depth.","Ideally,","to","achieve","the","same","optical","depth","at","zero","and","higher","turbulent","velocity,","a","higher","column","density","should","be","required","for","the","latter","case.","However,","this","outcome","gets","reversed","due","to","line","interlocking","of","x,","y,","and","z","with","other","ions","(e.g.,","Fe","23+",",","Cr","22+",",","and","Fe","22+",";","see","Paper","I",").","The","higher","the","turbulent","velocity","is,","the","higher","the","Doppler","width","of","a","line","and","the","more","pronounced","the","line","interlocking","effects","will","be.","Total","line-center","optical","depth","will","therefore","increase","with","turbulent","velocity","rather","than","decrease,","as","Equation","(","3",")","suggests.","6.4.","Interplay","between","Column","Density","and","Metallicity","Figure","13","shows","the","line","ratios","relative","to","w","as","contour","plots","by","varying","the","hydrogen","column","density","and","metallicity.","In","the","low-column-density","limit,","the","line","ratios","are","minimally","affected","by","the","change","in","metallicity.","Figure","6","shows","the","effects","of","metallicity","on","the","line","ratios","at","the","reported","value","of","hydrogen","column","density","by","Hitomi","Collaboration","et","al.","(","2018b",")","().","The","uncertainties","in","temperature","and","collision","strengths","from","the","sources","mentioned","previously","contribute","to","the","uncertainties","in","the","line","ratios","(shown","with","the","solid","enclosed","lines","in","Figure","6",").","At","the","reported","hydrogen","column","density,","x,","y,","and","z","are","optically","thin","(Paper","I",").","Therefore,","the","line","ratios","are","minimally","affected","with","change","in","metallicity","as","these","lines","are","still","optically","thin","for","the","metallicity","range","(0","\u2264","Z","(solar)","\u2264","5)","shown","in","the","figure.","Figure","13.","Left,","middle,","and","right","panels","show","x\/w,","y\/w,","and","z\/w","as","a","function","of","hydrogen","column","density","and","metallicity,","respectively.","Hitomi","Collaboration","et","al.","(","2018a",")","use","deprojected","heavy","element","abundances","relative","to","solar","in","the","inner","150","kpc","region","from","Chandra","data","archive","for","a","spherically","symmetric","Perseus","model.","At","a","distance","of","30\u201360","kpc","from","the","central","AGN","of","the","Perseus","core,","the","reported","range","in","metallicity","is","\u223c0.5\u20130.75","of","solar","(see","Figure","7","in","their","paper).","We"],"unique_id":"fulltext_794_2020ApJ...901...69C","pred_ner_tags":["O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Archive","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Archive","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Archive","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation"]} {"bibcode":"2020ApJ...889..154W","label_studio_id":1430,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,21,27,58,58,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,52,52,52,62,21,62,13,44,62,62,62,62,62,13,44,22,62,62,62,21,62,13,22,62,22,62,62,62,62,21,52,62,62,23,62,62,22,53,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,27,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","B-Telescope","I-Telescope","I-Telescope","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Organization","O","B-Grant","I-Grant","O","O","O","O","O","B-Grant","I-Grant","B-Person","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","B-Grant","B-Person","O","B-Person","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Proposal","O","O","B-Person","I-Person","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O"],"section":"acknowledgments","tokens":["This","work","is","based","on","observations","made","with","the","NASA\/ESA","Hubble","Space","Telescope",",","obtained","at","the","Space","Telescope","Science","Institute,","which","is","operated","by","the","Association","of","Universities","for","Research","in","Astronomy,","Inc.,","under","NASA","contract","NAS","526555.","These","observations","are","associated","with","program","#13364.","R.C.","acknowledges","support","from","NSF","grant","1517819.","M.C.","and","M.T.","acknowledge","support","from","the","INAF","PRIN-SKA","2017","program","1.05.01.88.04.","We","thank","Francesca","Annibali","for","useful","discussions.","We","also","thank","the","referee","for","many","useful","comments","that","improved","the","paper.","Facility:","HST","."],"unique_id":"acknowledgments_1430_2020ApJ...889..154W","pred_ner_tags":["O","O","I-Organization","O","B-Person","B-Organization","O","B-Grant","B-Telescope","O","O","O","I-Organization","B-Organization","O","O","O","B-Organization","B-Grant","I-Grant","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","I-Organization","I-Telescope","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","I-Telescope","O","I-Organization","O","O","B-Grant","O","O","B-Person","O","I-Organization","B-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Proposal","I-Organization","O","B-Organization","O","O","B-Organization","O","I-Grant","I-Organization","O","O","I-Organization","B-Person","O","O","I-Organization","B-Person","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Person","O","O"]} {"bibcode":"2016MNRAS.460.1457S","label_studio_id":471,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,22,53,22,53,22,53,62,22,53,62,62,62,62,62,22,53,62,22,53,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,13,44,44,44,44,44,13,44,21,16,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,6,37,62,6,37,37,37,20,51,51,51,51,22,62,62,62,62,13,44,44,44,13,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,52,52,21,13,44,62,7,38,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,20,51,51,51,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,21,62,62,13,44,44,44,44,62,18,62,18,62,62,62,62,62,21,6,37,62,62,21,52,52,52,62,18,18,62,62,18,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,6,37,62,6,62,62,62,62,21,62,62,25,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,52,52,62,25,62,62,62,29,62,25,62,62,62,62,5,36,36,62,62,62,62,62,62,5,36,62,62,21,52,52,62,5,36,36,21,52,52,21,52,52,21,52,52,62,5,36,36,62,5,36,36,21,52,62,21,52,52,52,52,62,5,36,36,36,36,21,52,52,21,52,52,52,21,52,52,52,52,21,52,52,52,52,52,21,52,52,52,21,52,52,21,52,52,21,52,52,21,52,52,21,52,62,5,36,36,21,52,52,21,52,52,21,52,21,52,52,21,52,52,62,21,52],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","B-Person","I-Person","B-Person","I-Person","B-Person","I-Person","O","B-Person","I-Person","O","O","O","O","O","B-Person","I-Person","O","B-Person","I-Person","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","B-Grant","I-Grant","B-Organization","B-Location","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","O","B-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","B-Observatory","I-Observatory","I-Observatory","I-Observatory","I-Observatory","B-Person","O","O","O","O","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","B-Grant","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","B-Grant","I-Grant","O","B-Database","I-Database","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Observatory","I-Observatory","I-Observatory","I-Observatory","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","O","O","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","O","B-Model","O","B-Model","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","B-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Model","B-Model","O","O","B-Model","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","O","B-ComputingFacility","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","B-URL","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","B-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","O","B-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","B-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","I-Collaboration","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Organization","I-Organization"],"section":"acknowledgments","tokens":["We","are","grateful","to","Francisco","Prada,","Risa","Wechsler,","Chiaki","Hikage,","and","Surhud","More","for","useful","discussions.","We","acknowledge","Yu","Lu","and","Andrew","Benson","for","useful","discussions","related","to","SAMs.","This","work","was","supported","by","World","Premier","International","Research","Center","Initiative","(WPI","Initiative),","MEXT,","Japan.","Numerical","computations","were","partly","carried","out","on","Cray","XC30","at","Center","for","Computational","Astrophysics,","National","Astronomical","Observatory","of","Japan.","SS","is","supported","by","a","Grant-in-Aid","for","Young","Scientists","(Start-up)","from","the","Japan","Society","for","the","Promotion","of","Science","(JSPS)","(No.","25887012).","The","MultiDark","Database","used","in","this","paper","and","the","web","application","providing","online","access","to","it","were","constructed","as","part","of","the","activities","of","the","German","Astrophysical","Virtual","Observatory","as","result","of","a","collaboration","between","the","Leibniz-Institute","for","Astrophysics","Potsdam","(AIP)","and","the","Spanish","MultiDark","Consolider","Project","CSD2009-00064.","The","Bolshoi","and","MultiDark","simulations","were","run","on","the","NASA's","Pleiades","supercomputer","at","the","NASA","Ames","Research","Center.","The","MultiDark-Planck","(MDPL)","and","the","BigMD","simulation","suite","have","been","performed","in","the","Supermuc","supercomputer","at","LRZ","using","time","granted","by","PRACE.","Funding","for","SDSS-III","has","been","provided","by","the","Alfred","P.","Sloan","Foundation,","the","Participating","Institutions,","the","National","Science","Foundation,","and","the","U.S.","Department","of","Energy","Office","of","Science.","The","SDSS-III","web","site","is","http:\/\/www.sdss3.org\/",".","SDSS-III","is","managed","by","the","Astrophysical","Research","Consortium","for","the","Participating","Institutions","of","the","SDSS-III","Collaboration","including","the","University","of","Arizona,","the","Brazilian","Participation","Group,","Brookhaven","National","Laboratory,","Carnegie","Mellon","University,","University","of","Florida,","the","French","Participation","Group,","the","German","Participation","Group,","Harvard","University,","the","Instituto","de","Astrofisica","de","Canarias,","the","Michigan","State\/Notre","Dame\/JINA","Participation","Group,","Johns","Hopkins","University,","Lawrence","Berkeley","National","Laboratory,","Max","Planck","Institute","for","Astrophysics,","Max","Planck","Institute","for","Extraterrestrial","Physics,","New","Mexico","State","University,","New","York","University,","Ohio","State","University,","Pennsylvania","State","University,","University","of","Portsmouth,","Princeton","University,","the","Spanish","Participation","Group,","University","of","Tokyo,","University","of","Utah,","Vanderbilt","University,","University","of","Virginia,","University","of","Washington,","and","Yale","University."],"unique_id":"acknowledgments_471_2016MNRAS.460.1457S","pred_ner_tags":["B-ComputingFacility","O","I-Observatory","O","B-Model","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Person","I-Observatory","I-Organization","B-Organization","O","B-Survey","I-Person","B-Organization","O","O","B-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","O","B-Grant","I-Organization","B-Organization","O","I-Organization","O","I-Collaboration","O","B-Person","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","I-Collaboration","O","I-Collaboration","I-Organization","B-ComputingFacility","I-Grant","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","B-ComputingFacility","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Grant","B-Organization","I-Grant","B-Organization","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","B-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Grant","I-Organization","I-Collaboration","O","B-Organization","I-Collaboration","I-Organization","O","O","O","B-Person","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Grant","O","B-Observatory","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Collaboration","B-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Grant","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","O","I-Organization","B-Organization","O","B-ComputingFacility","I-Organization","O","O","O","I-Observatory","I-Organization","O","B-Person","I-Grant","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","I-Organization","I-Observatory","I-Grant","B-Collaboration","B-Collaboration","I-Organization","B-Collaboration","B-Organization","I-ComputingFacility","B-Organization","B-Observatory","O","B-Organization","O","O","O","O","I-Person","I-Organization","B-Model","I-Organization","O","B-Grant","I-Collaboration","O","I-Organization","O","B-Organization","B-Organization","O","B-ComputingFacility","I-Collaboration","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","B-Database","O","O","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Collaboration","I-Organization","I-Collaboration","I-Person","O","O","O","O","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","O","I-Grant","I-Organization","O","O","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Collaboration","O","B-Collaboration","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Observatory","B-Survey","O","O","I-Organization","O","I-Person","I-Person","I-ComputingFacility","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","B-Organization","B-Person","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","I-Grant","B-Organization","O","B-Organization","B-Organization","O","I-Collaboration","B-Collaboration","O","O","I-Grant","O","I-Organization","O","I-ComputingFacility","O","B-Grant","O","O","O","B-Survey","B-Organization","I-Database","O","I-Observatory","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Collaboration","B-Model","I-Collaboration","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Person","I-Collaboration","O","I-Grant","I-Organization","O","I-Grant","O","B-Collaboration","B-Organization","I-Grant","O","I-ComputingFacility","B-Grant","O","B-Organization","B-Organization","O","I-ComputingFacility","I-Organization","O","B-Model","I-Grant","O","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Observatory","I-ComputingFacility","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","B-Location","O","B-Model","O","O","B-Collaboration","B-URL","B-Person","O","B-Grant","O","O","I-Organization","O","B-Person","O","O","B-Organization"]} {"bibcode":"2016A&A...586A..75S","label_studio_id":1779,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,1,32,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,26,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","B-Tag","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["and","planets","with","little","Ly","absorption","but","strong","emission","can","be","used","to","distinguish","between","these","two","classes","of","thermospheres.","Based","on","the","predicted","strong","absorption","signals,","WASP-80","b","and","GJ","3470","b","are","the","most","promising","targets","among","our","sample","in","the","search","for","yet","undetected","escaping","atmospheres.","Appendix","A:","Calculation","of","the","Ly\u03b1<\/italic><\/inline-formula>","absorption","signals","Here,","we","describe","the","method","used","to","calculate","the","Ly","absorption","in","the","simulated","atmospheres.","Although","we","use","the","term","Ly","absorption,","we","note","that","the","actual","physical","process","is","scattering","of","photons","out","of","our","line","of","sight.","Absorption","of","Ly","with","collisional","de-excitation","only","occurs","deep","in","the","simulated","atmospheres","(see","Fig.","6",").","We","do","not","account","for","any","emission","or","line","transfer","in","the","computation","of","the","absorption","signals,","or","for","scattering","of","photons","into","our","line","of","sight.","We","further","assume","a","homogeneous","brightness","of","the","stellar","disk","in","Ly","emission.","Fig.","A.1","Computation","of","the","transmission","signals","and","images.","The","absorption","is","calculated","by","shooting","rays","through","the","planetary","atmosphere.","Density,","temperature,","and","tangential","velocity","in","each","cell","are","taken","into","account.","To","compute","the","absorption","signals","we","shoot","rays","through","the","spherical","atmospheres","(see","Fig.","A.1",").","The","wavelength","dependent","transmission","in","a","single","ray","with","index","is","given","by","the","product","of","the","absorption","in","each","cell:","Here,","is","the","neutral","hydrogen","density","in","cell","with","the","cell","width",".","is","the","standard","Ly","absorption","cross-section","with","a","Voigt-profile,","shifted","by","the","local","tangential","velocity","of","the","gas.","The","Doppler","width","is","given","by","the","sum","of","the","local","thermal","and","turbulent","widths","(see","Eq.","(","5","));","the","latter","is","given","by","the","speed","of","sound.","Deuterium","absorption","is","included","with","a","deuterium","fraction","of","according","to","measurements","from","Jupiter","(","Lellouch","et","al.","2001",").","Fig.","A.2","Simulated","Ly","transmission","for","low-potential","planets.","For","each","system","we","show","the","absorption","in","the","Ly","line","from","below","the","Roche","lobe","(solid","line)","and","from","unbound","hydrogen","(dashed,","blue).","Black","dashed","lines","indicate","the","optical","transit","depth.","Calculated","transmission","images","are","depicted","next","to","each","spectrum.","The","mass-loss","rate","decreases","from","top","to","bottom",".","Fig.","A.3","Simulated","Ly","transmission","spectra","and","images","for","high-potential","planets","plus","WASP-80","b","(same","as","Fig.","A.2",").","With","the","exception","of","WASP-12","b","(see","text)","and","WASP-80","b,","these","planets","produce","small","absorption","signals.","WASP-80","b","produces","the","strongest","absorption","signal","of","all","planets.","The","total","transmission","is","given","by:","Here,","is","the","number","of","rays","and","is","half","of","the","vertical","resolution.","In","this","equation,","the","first","term","accounts","for","the","fraction","of","radiation","that","bypasses","the","simulated","atmospheres","(transmission","equals","one).","In","most","of","the","systems","this","term","is","zero,","because","the","simulated","atmospheres","cover","the","full","stellar","disk.","The","sum","adds","the","transmission","of","each","ray","weighted","with","the","fractional","area","that","a","ring"],"unique_id":"fulltext_1779_2016A&A...586A..75S","pred_ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","B-Tag","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"]} {"bibcode":"2020MNRAS.491.4543S","label_studio_id":752,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,14,45,45,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,24,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,20,62,27,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,62,62,62,27,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,27,58,58,58,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,25,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,25,8,39,39,39,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,4,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,25,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,30,62,30,62,62,62,30,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,12,43,43,43,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,30,62,30,62,62,62,30,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,12,43,43,43,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,30,62,30,62,62,62,30,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,18,49,4,35,62,4,35,62,62,62,62,62,27,15,62,20,27,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,20,27,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Identifier","I-Identifier","I-Identifier","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Software","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Observatory","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","I-Telescope","I-Telescope","I-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","B-Dataset","I-Dataset","I-Dataset","I-Dataset","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Survey","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Model","I-Model","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","B-Instrument","O","B-Observatory","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Observatory","B-Telescope","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["all","but","one","observation","the","exposure","time","was","particularly","low","(i.e.","0.5\u20131","ks).","We","estimated","the","Bayesian","95","per","cent","upper","limit","(Kraft","et","al.","(","1991",")","to","the","source","count","rate","from","the","observation","with","the","longer","exposure","(4.2","ks,","n.","4,","obs","ID","00087498001).","It","was","equal","to","0.0025","count","s","\u22121",".","Using","WebPIMMS,","it","converts","into","an","observed","(unabsorbed)","0.3\u201310","keV","flux","of","\u223c4","\u00d7","10","\u221213","erg","cm","\u22122","s","\u22121","(\u223c7.6","\u00d7","10","\u221213","erg","cm","\u22122","s","\u22121",").","We","assumed","the","same","spectral","model","as","from","the","Swift","\/","XRT","observation","n.","3.","3.4.3","Investigation","at","lower","frequencies","with","archival","data","Halpern","et","al.","(","2007","),","using","the","precise","Chandra","localization","of","XTE","J1829\u2013098,","individuated","its","probable","infrared","counterpart","through","images","in","the","K","and","H","bands","as","obtained","with","the","MDM","2.4","m","telescope","on","2005","June","17.","The","measured","magnitudes","were","H","\u223c","13.9","and","K","\u223c","12.7,","no","measurement","was","obtained","in","the","J","band.","Back","in","2005,","no","additional","infrared","measurements","were","available","from","other","infrared","surveys,","e.g.","the","UKIDSS","survey","started","on","2005.","Currently,","we","note","that","the","infrared","counterpart","proposed","by","Halpern","et","al.","(","2007",")","has","been","also","detected","during","the","UKIDSS","GPS","data","release","6","with","magnitudes","J","=","16.147","\u00b1","0.009,","H","=","14.064","\u00b1","0.003,","and","K","=","12.591","\u00b1","0.002.","If","we","use","the","reddening-free","NIR","diagnostic","Q","(Negueruela","Schurch","2007",")","with","the","extinction","law","of","Fitzpatrick","(","1999","),","we","note","that","it","has","a","Q","value","of","\u20130.7","which","is","very","typical","of","early-type","OB","stars.","In","particular,","the","negative","value","strongly","indicates","an","infrared","excess.","Adopting","the","UKIDSS","infrared","magnitudes","of","such","proposed","counterpart,","we","can","obtain","a","rough","idea","about","its","distance:","if","we","assume","a","supergiant","B0.5Ib","star","(with","M","V","=","\u22126.8","mag,","V","\u2212","K","=","\u22120.7","and","V","\u2212","J","=","\u22120.54),","the","source","should","be","located","at","a","distance","d","\u223c","18","kpc","(with","A","V","\u223c","21","mag).","This","implies","a","V","magnitude","fainter","than","V","\u223c","30\u201331","mag.","A","main-sequence","B0","star","(assuming","M","V","=","\u22124","mag,","V","\u2212","K","=","\u22120.9","and","V","\u2212","J","=","\u22120.7),","would","imply","a","distance","d","\u223c","4.5","kpc","(with","A","V","\u223c","22","mag),","while","a","giant","B0","star","(assuming","M","V","=","\u22125","mag,","V","\u2212","K","=","\u22120.8","and","V","\u2212","J","=","\u22120.7),","would","be","located","at","about","8","kpc.","3.5","Search","for","periodicities","We","performed","a","timing","analysis","using","the","Lomb\u2013Scargle","method","(Lomb","1976",";","Scargle","1982",")","of","the","long","term","INTEGRAL","-IBIS","and","Swift","-BAT","light","curves","of","the","sources","under","study,","in","order","to","search","for","periodicities","which","could","eventually","be","ascribed","to","their","orbital","periods.","For","all","four","sources,","the","long","term","IBIS\/ISGRI","ScW","light","curves","(18\u201360","keV)","cover","the","observational","period","from","2003","March","to","2015","January.","We","applied","standard","optimum","filtering","in","order","to","exclude","poor","quality","data","points","which","could","eventually","disrupt","the","periodic","signal","(see","Goossens","et","al.","2013","and","Sguera","et","al.","2007","for","details).","Periodicities","were","searched","for","in","the","range","1\u2013100","d,","but","none","were","found.","The","public","access","Swift","\/BAT","light","curves","(15\u201350","keV)","on","daily","time-scale","of","all","sources","but","IGR","J12341\u20136143","were","also","searched","for","periodic","signals","in","the","range","2\u2013250"],"unique_id":"fulltext_752_2020MNRAS.491.4543S","pred_ner_tags":["O","I-Wavelength","B-Observatory","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Telescope","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","B-Dataset","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","B-Citation","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O","I-Formula","B-Wavelength","O","I-Model","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","O","B-Identifier","O","B-Wavelength","I-Citation","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","I-Telescope","I-Dataset","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Software","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","I-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","B-Formula","O","O","O","O","I-Telescope","O","O","B-Wavelength","B-Wavelength","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Identifier","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","O","B-Observatory","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","B-Wavelength","O","O","B-Telescope","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","B-Instrument","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Dataset","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","B-Citation","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Formula","I-Citation","O","O","B-CelestialObject","B-Wavelength","O","I-Formula","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","I-Citation","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","I-Formula","O","B-Model","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Wavelength","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Identifier","O","B-Observatory","O","O","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","I-Dataset","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O"]} {"bibcode":"2019A&A...626A..10G","label_studio_id":1312,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,21,17,48,62,29,62,62,62,62,27,21,52,52,52,52,21,29,62,62,62,62,25,56,56,56,56,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,21,52,52,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,62,62,21,52,52,62,62,7,62,7,38,62,62,62,21,16,47,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,22,62,13,44,44,44,44,44,22,62,62,62,62,13,44,44,44,44,44,44,44,44,44,62,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,52,52,52,62,21,62,62,62,62,62,62,13,44,44,44,44,62,62,16,21,52,52,52,52,52,52,13],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","B-Mission","I-Mission","O","B-URL","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","B-URL","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Database","O","B-Database","I-Database","O","O","O","B-Organization","B-Location","I-Location","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Person","O","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","B-Person","O","O","O","O","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","O","O","B-Location","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Grant"],"section":"acknowledgments","tokens":["This","work","has","made","use","of","data","from","the","European","Space","Agency","(ESA)","mission","Gaia","(","https:\/\/www.cosmos.esa.int\/gaia","),","processed","by","the","Gaia","Data","Processing","and","Analysis","Consortium","(DPAC,","https:\/\/www.cosmos.esa.int\/web\/gaia\/dpac\/consortium",");","data","from","the","Two","Micron","All","Sky","Survey,","which","is","a","joint","project","of","the","University","of","Massachusetts","and","the","Infrared","Processing","and","Analysis","Center\/California","Institute","of","Technology,","funded","by","the","National","Aeronautics","and","Space","Administration","and","the","National","Science","Foundation;","and","the","SIMBAD","and","Vizier","databases,","operated","at","the","CDS,","Strasbourg,","France.","We","thank","the","anonymous","referee","for","his\/her","useful","comments","and","suggestions.","ESV","thanks","\u201cEstrategia","de","Sostenibilidad,","Universidad","de","Antioquia\u201d.","DGD","acknowledge","support","from","the","Plataforma","de","Movilidad","Estudiantil","y","Acad\u00e9mica","of","Alianza","del","Pac\u00edfico","and","its","chilean","headquarters","in","the","Agencia","Chilena","de","Coperaci\u00f3n","Internacional","para","el","Desarrollo","-","AGCID,","as","well","as","the","support","from","call","N\u00b0","785","of","2017","of","the","colombian","Departamento","Administrativo","de","Ciencia,","Tecnolog\u00eda","e","Innovaci\u00f3n,","COLCIENCIAS."],"unique_id":"acknowledgments_1312_2019A&A...626A..10G","pred_ner_tags":["I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Grant","O","O","O","I-Grant","O","I-Organization","I-Survey","O","I-Organization","O","B-Organization","O","O","I-Organization","I-Mission","I-Grant","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","O","I-Grant","O","B-Organization","O","I-Survey","O","I-Grant","B-Database","O","B-Grant","O","I-Survey","O","B-Telescope","I-Grant","B-Organization","O","O","O","B-Organization","B-Organization","O","O","O","O","I-Grant","O","I-Organization","O","B-Grant","O","O","B-Organization","I-Grant","O","O","O","B-Person","B-Organization","I-Organization","B-Location","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","I-Survey","B-Location","I-Grant","B-Person","O","B-URL","B-Database","I-Organization","B-URL","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Grant","I-Organization","O","I-Database","O","I-Organization","O","O","B-Survey","O","I-Grant","I-Organization","I-Grant","O","O","B-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Mission","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","I-Grant","I-Organization","O","O","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","I-Grant","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","O","I-Grant","I-Grant","O","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Location","I-Organization","O","I-Organization","I-Grant","B-Organization","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","B-Grant","B-Grant","O","O","O","I-Grant"]} {"bibcode":"2018MNRAS.476.4362S","label_studio_id":15,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,22,53,62,22,53,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,22,53,62,62,62,62,22,62,62,62,62,13,44,44,44,44,44,44,62,62,62,62,21,52,62,62,13,44,44,13,44,62,62,62,62,62,21,11,42,42,42,42,42,62,62,21,52,52,52,21,11,42,42,22,62,62,62,21,62,13,13,62,62,16,62,62,13,44,44,44,62,62,62,62,62,6,37,37,37,37,62,29,60,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,6,37,37,62,21,52,62,6,62,21,52],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Person","I-Person","O","B-Person","I-Person","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Person","I-Person","O","O","O","O","B-Person","O","O","O","O","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","B-Grant","I-Grant","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","B-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","B-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","B-Person","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","B-Grant","B-Grant","O","O","B-Location","O","O","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","O","O","O","O","O","B-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","O","B-URL","I-URL","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","I-ComputingFacility","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-ComputingFacility","O","B-Organization","I-Organization"],"section":"acknowledgments","tokens":["Acknowledgements","The","authors","would","like","to","thank","the","referee","Francisco-Shu","Kitaura","and","Stefan","Gottl\u00f6ber","for","providing","comments","that","helped","clarified","the","paper","as","well","as","Sergey","Pilipenko","for","very","useful","discussions.","JS","acknowledges","support","from","the","Astronomy","ESFRI","and","Research","Infrastructure","Cluster","ASTERICS","project,","funded","by","the","European","Commission","under","the","Horizon","2020","Programme","(GA","653477)","as","well","as","from","the","\u2018l\u2019Or\u00e9al-UNESCO","Pour","les","femmes","et","la","Science\u2019","and","the","\u2018Centre","National","d\u2019\u00e9tudes","spatiales","(CNES)\u2019","postdoctoral","fellowship","programmes.","ET","was","supported","by","ETAg","grants","IUT40-2,","IUT26-2","and","by","EU","through","the","ERDF","CoE","grant","TK133.","The","authors","gratefully","acknowledge","the","Gauss","Centre","for","Supercomputing","e.V.","(","http:\/\/www.","gauss-centre.eu",")","for","providing","computing","time","on","the","GCS","Supercomputers","SuperMUC","at","LRZ","Munich","and","Jureca","at","JSC","Juelich."],"unique_id":"acknowledgments_15_2018MNRAS.476.4362S","pred_ner_tags":["I-Fellowship","I-Organization","I-Grant","I-Fellowship","O","B-Organization","B-Location","I-Fellowship","B-Grant","O","B-Person","B-Grant","B-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","I-Grant","O","I-Fellowship","O","O","O","I-Person","O","B-Fellowship","O","B-Organization","O","O","I-URL","O","O","I-ComputingFacility","B-Grant","I-Grant","I-Grant","B-Organization","O","B-Organization","O","B-Person","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ComputingFacility","I-Fellowship","I-Grant","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","I-Grant","B-Grant","O","I-Fellowship","O","I-Organization","B-URL","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-ComputingFacility","O","O","I-ComputingFacility","I-Grant","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","I-Grant","I-ComputingFacility","I-Grant","O","O","B-Fellowship","O","O","B-Person","O","B-ComputingFacility","I-Grant","B-Person","I-ComputingFacility","O","O","B-Organization","I-ComputingFacility","O","O","B-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Person","I-Grant","O","B-Grant","O","O","O","O","I-Person","O","B-ComputingFacility","O","O","O","O","O","B-Person","B-Grant","O","I-Grant","O","I-Fellowship"]} {"bibcode":"2017A&A...606A..58D","label_studio_id":1529,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,26,26,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,26,57,26,26,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Tag","B-Tag","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Tag","I-Tag","B-Tag","B-Tag","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["in","their","targets.","Hence,","we","can","conclude","that","in","stars","belonging","to","the","transitional","branch,","the","cycle","length","and","the","rotation","period","are","uncorrelated.","5.2.","Relationship","between","P<\/italic>cyc<\/sub><\/inline-formula>","and","global","stellar","parameters","We","investigated","how","the","cycle","lengths","are","related","to","the","global","stellar","parameters","of","our","targets.","We","evaluated","the","degree","of","the","correlation","between","and","a","given","parameter","by","computing","the","Spearman","rank-order","correlation","coefficient","()","(","Press","et","al.","1992",").","This","coefficient","is","a","nonparametric","measure","of","the","monotonicity","of","the","relationship","between","two","datasets.","A","value","of","close","to","0","implies","that","the","two","datasets","are","poorly","correlated,","whereas","the","closer","is","to","1","the","stronger","the","monotonic","relationship","between","the","two","variables.","The","statistical","significance","of","a","given","value","can","be","evaluated","by","computing","the","two-sided","-value,","i.e.,","the","probability","under","the","null","hypothesys","that","two","invesigated","datasets","are","non-monotonically","correlated","(","Press","et","al.","1992",").","In","Table","2","we","reported","the","Spearman","correlation","coefficients","between","the","length","of","the","primary","cycles","and","the","various","stellar","parameters.","The","corresponding","-values","are","also","reported.","The","values","of","are","very","close","to","0","in","all","the","cases","indicating","a","poor","correlation","between","and","the","different","variables.","5.3.","Relationship","between","\u27e8","IQR<\/italic>","\u27e9<\/inline-formula>","and","global","stellar","parameters","As","remarked","in","Sect.","2,","the","index","is","proportional","to","the","amplitude","of","the","rotational","modulation","signature","and","is","related","to","the","non-axisymmetric","part","of","the","spot","distribution.","The","amplitude","of","rotational","modulation","is","a","widely","used","activity","index","and","can","be","regarded","as","a","robust","proxy","of","the","surface","magnetic","activity.","Garc\u00eda","et","al.","(2013)","demonstrated","that","the","variance","of","the","TSI,","computed","on","a","60-d","sliding","window,","closely","mimics","the","variations","of","the","10.7","cm","radio","flux","that","in","turn","is","a","good","indicator","of","the","solar","magnetic","activity","(see","Bruevich","et","al.","2014",",","for","details).","We","computed","the","Spearman","coefficient","between","and","different","stellar","parameters","to","investigate","how","the","mean","level","of","the","stellar","surface","magnetic","activity","is","linked","to","the","stellar","properties.","In","Table","3","we","reported","the","values","of","for","the","different","parameters.","In","this","case,","values","are","significantly","higher","then","those","computed","for",".","A","good","correlation","()","is","seen","between","and",",",",",",","and",".","The","sign","of","correlation","is","positive","for",",","and","and","negative","for","and",".","In","Fig.","9","we","reported","versus","the","various","stellar","parameters","for","which","a","significant","correlation","is","seen","().","Despite","the","scatter","in","the","data,","the","different","plots","clearly","show","that","tends","to","increase","with",",",",","and","and","has","a","negative","correlation","with","and",".","Table","2","Spearman","correlation","coefficient","between","and","different","stellar","parameters.","Notes.","The","parameters","are","ordered","by","decreasing",".","Table","3","Spearman","correlation","coefficient","between","and","different","stellar"],"unique_id":"fulltext_1529_2017A&A...606A..58D","pred_ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Tag","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Tag","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Tag","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","B-Tag","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Tag","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Tag","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"]} {"bibcode":"2018A&A...614A..16C","label_studio_id":1326,"ner_ids":[15,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,1,32,62,62,4,35,35,35,23,54,62,22,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,30,61,62,30,61,61,62,30,61,62,30,61,61,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,30,62,15,19,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,15,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,19,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,61,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,19,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,18,49,49,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,12,43,43,43,43,12,43,43,43,62,12,43,43,43,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,19,50,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,19,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,15,19,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,30,62,62,30,61,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,12,43,43,43,43,62,62],"ner_tags":["B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","B-Proposal","I-Proposal","O","B-Person","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","B-Wavelength","O","B-Instrument","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Model","I-Model","I-Model","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","I-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","I-Formula","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["SPHERE","data","We","also","re-reduced","the","SPHERE","observations","of","HD","4113","published","in","Moutou","et","al.","(2017)","(Program","096.C-0249,","PI:","Moutou),","taken","on","2015-10-08.","These","observations","were","taken","in","IRDIFS-EXT","mode","following","an","observing","strategy","that","is","similar","to","our","observationsas","described","above,","and","are","summarized","in","Table","2",".","The","IRDIS","data","were","taken","in","the","K1-K2","mode","(","\u03bb","K","1","=","2.1025","\u03bc","m,","\u03bb","K","2","=","2.2255","\u03bc","m),","while","the","IFS","data","cover","a","range","of","wavelengths","from","0.97\u20131.66","\u03bc","m","with","an","average","spectral","resolution","of","34.5.","These","data","include","a","maximum","field","rotation","of","51","deg","between","coronagraphic","frames.","Our","data","reduction","procedure","was","identical","to","that","of","the","IRDIFS","data","described","in","the","previous","section.","4","Results","4.1","SPHERE","2016","high-contrast","imaging","data","The","source","HD","4113C","was","detected","at","high","significance","in","both","IRDIS","H2","and","IRDIS","SDI","reductions,","but","was","not","recovered","in","the","H3","filter,","suggesting","the","presence","of","strong","methane","absorption.","The","measured","relative","photometry","and","astrometry","are","given","in","Table","3",",","while","the","IRDIS","PSF-subtracted","images","are","shown","in","Fig.","2",".","We","adopt","a","lower","limit","on","the","contrast","of","14.8","mag","for","the","H3","filter,","using","the","3","\u03c3","contrast","curve","at","the","location","of","the","H2","detection.","Table","3","Measured","astrometry","and","photometry","of","HD","4113C","from","the","SPHERE","observations.","In","the","IFS","data","using","PCA","alone,","no","significant","detection","was","found","in","any","individual","wavelength","channel","or","in","the","mean","taken","over","wavelength.","After","we","applied","SDI","to","the","IFS","data,","we","clearly","detected","the","companion,","with","14","of","the","wavelength","channels","showing","an","excess","of","flux","above","1.5","\u03c3","significance","at","the","location","of","the","IRDIS","detection.","A","weighted-mean","image","is","shown","in","Fig.","2",".","The","data","reduction","for","wavelengths","below","1.02","\u03bc","m","suffer","from","considerably","more","residual","noise","in","the","SDI+PCA","reduction","and","are","not","included","in","the","subsequent","analysis.","The","measured","contrast","ratios","from","IFS","and","IRDIS","were","converted","into","apparent","flux","measurements","through","multiplication","by","a","BT-NextGen","spectral","model","(","Allard","et","al.","2012",")","with","T","eff","=","5700","K,","[Fe\/H]","=","0.3","dex","and","log","g","=","4.5,","close","to","the","values","determined","in","Sect.","2",".","The","model","spectrum","was","flux-scaled","using","the","distance","and","radius","of","HD","4113A.","The","extracted","spectrum","is","shown","in","Fig.","4",".","4.2","SPHERE","archival","high-contrast","imaging","data","After","processing","the","2015","data,","we","were","unable","to","unambiguously","recover","the","companion","HD","4113C","in","the","IRDIS","images.","Close","to","the","location","of","the","2016","detection,","we","find","an","excess","of","flux","with","2\u20133","\u03c3","significance","in","the","SDI","reduction.","However,","because","of","the","lower","S\/N,","our","reduction","of","the","IRDIS","data","does","not","provide","substantial","constraints","on","the","position","or","flux","of","the","companion,","and","we","have","excluded","it","from","the","following","analysis.","In","the","IFS","SDI","reduction,","we","also","find","an","excess","of","flux","in","wavelength","channels","corresponding","to","the","J","-","and","H","-band","peaks","found","in","the2016","data,","again","with","lower","significance.","We","find","six","channels","at","which","the","companion","is","visible","at","S","\u2215","N",">","4,","and","by"],"unique_id":"fulltext_1326_2018A&A...614A..16C","pred_ner_tags":["B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Model","O","I-Formula","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","B-Formula","O","I-Formula","B-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","B-Citation","I-Model","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Proposal","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","I-Formula","B-Instrument","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","I-Wavelength","O","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","B-Formula","I-CelestialObject","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","B-CelestialObject","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Formula","B-Wavelength","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","B-Instrument","B-Wavelength","B-Instrument","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","B-Wavelength","B-Formula","O","O","O","I-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","I-Formula","O","B-Instrument","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-Formula","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Proposal","I-Citation","O","O","O","B-Person","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","I-Wavelength","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Model","O","O","I-Formula","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Instrument"]} {"bibcode":"2018MNRAS.476.2339B","label_studio_id":460,"ner_ids":[62,62,25,56,56,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,27,58,62,15,46,46,46,46,15,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,62,62,20,51,51,62,8,39,39,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,25,62,25,56,62,62,25,56,56,62,25,56,56,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,21,52,52,52,52,52,21,62,62,62,13,62,62,62,62,62,25,56,56,62,62,29,62,25,62,62,62,16,62,62,62,62,19,62,62,62,27,58,62,8,39,39,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,25,62,62,25,56,56,56,56,62,62,62,62,3,34,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,25,56,25,56,25,56,27,25,56,27,27,62,30,62,30,62,25,62,62,62,62,21,16,62,21,16,62,20,62,62,62,62,62,25,62,62,29,62,62,62,22,62,62,62,21,62,11,42,42,42,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,52,52,52,52,52,62,21,62,62,13,22,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,11,42,11,22,62,62,62,62,62,62,21,52,52,62,62,11,42,11,62,62,22,53,53,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","B-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Telescope","I-Telescope","O","B-Instrument","I-Instrument","I-Instrument","I-Instrument","I-Instrument","B-Instrument","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Observatory","I-Observatory","I-Observatory","O","B-Dataset","I-Dataset","I-Dataset","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","B-Survey","I-Survey","O","O","B-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","O","B-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Organization","O","O","O","B-Grant","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","O","O","B-URL","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","B-Location","O","O","O","O","B-ObservationalTechniques","O","O","O","B-Telescope","I-Telescope","O","B-Dataset","I-Dataset","I-Dataset","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","B-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","I-Survey","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialRegion","I-CelestialRegion","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","I-Survey","B-Survey","I-Survey","B-Survey","I-Survey","B-Telescope","B-Survey","I-Survey","B-Telescope","B-Telescope","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Wavelength","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","B-Location","O","B-Organization","B-Location","O","B-Observatory","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","B-URL","O","O","O","B-Person","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","B-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","B-Organization","O","O","B-Grant","B-Person","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","B-Fellowship","B-Person","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","B-Fellowship","I-Fellowship","B-Fellowship","O","O","B-Person","I-Person","I-Person","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"],"section":"acknowledgments","tokens":["ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS","The","SAMI","Galaxy","Survey","is","based","on","observations","made","at","the","Anglo-Australian","Telescope.","The","Sydney-AAO","Multi-object","Integral","field","spectrograph","(SAMI)","was","developed","jointly","by","the","University","of","Sydney","and","the","Australian","Astronomical","Observatory.","The","SAMI","input","catalogue","is","based","on","data","taken","from","the","SDSS,","the","GAMA","Survey","and","the","VST","ATLAS","Survey.","The","SAMI","Galaxy","Survey","is","funded","by","the","Australian","Research","Council","Centre","of","Excellence","for","All-sky","Astrophysics","(CAASTRO),","through","project","number","CE110001020,","and","other","participating","institutions.","The","SAMI","Galaxy","Survey","website","is","http:\/\/sami-survey.org\/",".","GAMA","is","a","joint","European\u2013Australasian","project","based","around","a","spectroscopic","campaign","using","the","Anglo-Australian","Telescope.","The","GAMA","input","catalogue","is","based","on","data","taken","from","the","SDSS","and","the","UKIRT","Infrared","Deep","Sky","Survey.","Complementary","imaging","of","the","GAMA","regions","is","being","obtained","by","a","number","of","independent","survey","programmes","including","GALEX","MIS,","VST","KiDS,","VISTA","VIKING,","WISE,","Herschel","-ATLAS,","GMRT","ASKAP","providing","UV","to","radio","coverage.","GAMA","is","funded","by","the","STFC","(UK),","the","ARC","(Australia),","the","AAO,","and","the","participating","institutions.","The","GAMA","website","is","http:\/\/www.gama-survey.org\/",".","Support","for","AMM","is","provided","by","NASA","through","Hubble","Fellowship","grant","HST-HF2-51377","awarded","by","the","Space","Telescope","Science","Institute,","which","is","operated","by","the","Association","of","Universities","for","Research","in","Astronomy,","Inc.,","for","NASA,","under","contract","NAS5-26555.","SMC","acknowledges","the","support","of","an","Australian","Research","Council","Future","Fellowship","(FT100100457).","MSO","acknowledges","the","funding","support","from","the","Australian","Research","Council","through","a","Future","Fellowship","(FT140100255).","We","thank","\u00c1.","R.","L\u00f3pez-S\u00e1nchez","for","assisting","in","the","proofreading","of","the","paper."],"unique_id":"acknowledgments_460_2018MNRAS.476.2339B","pred_ner_tags":["O","I-Survey","O","O","O","I-Survey","O","O","O","O","B-Person","I-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","B-Wavelength","B-Survey","O","I-Organization","O","O","B-Grant","I-Observatory","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Organization","O","I-Survey","O","I-Organization","I-Instrument","B-Fellowship","B-ObservationalTechniques","I-Organization","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Fellowship","O","I-Organization","I-Survey","I-Survey","B-Grant","O","I-Organization","O","O","B-Telescope","B-Survey","B-Survey","O","B-Telescope","O","B-CelestialRegion","O","B-Wavelength","O","I-Organization","I-Organization","I-Fellowship","O","I-Organization","B-Dataset","B-Survey","I-Survey","B-Instrument","B-Telescope","I-Survey","O","O","I-Organization","I-Instrument","O","B-Location","I-Dataset","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Survey","B-Survey","O","O","O","O","I-Instrument","O","B-Organization","O","I-Fellowship","I-Organization","I-Telescope","O","B-Organization","O","B-URL","O","O","B-Organization","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","I-Organization","I-Instrument","O","O","B-Telescope","O","O","O","O","O","B-Fellowship","O","I-Person","O","I-Telescope","O","B-Organization","O","O","O","B-Fellowship","O","I-Organization","B-Fellowship","O","O","I-Fellowship","O","B-Survey","I-Fellowship","O","B-Organization","B-Person","B-Survey","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Survey","O","B-Telescope","I-Organization","I-Organization","B-Survey","B-Instrument","O","O","I-Survey","B-Organization","B-Organization","O","O","I-Organization","B-Survey","O","O","B-Organization","O","O","O","B-Observatory","O","O","O","I-Dataset","O","O","B-Organization","B-Location","B-Observatory","O","B-Survey","I-Person","I-Survey","B-Person","I-Organization","O","I-Dataset","B-Organization","O","I-Observatory","O","O","I-Dataset","B-Survey","I-Organization","O","I-Survey","I-CelestialRegion","I-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","I-Organization","O","O","B-Dataset","O","O","O","I-Fellowship","I-Survey","B-Person","B-Location","B-Survey","I-Survey","O","I-Survey","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","O","I-Survey","B-Survey","O","B-URL","O","O","O","O","B-Organization","O","O"]} {"bibcode":"2019MNRAS.487.2742D","label_studio_id":921,"ner_ids":[62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,62,62,62,62,9,40,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,9,62,62,62,62,1,32,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,32,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,32,62,62,9,62,62,62,9,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,32,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,9,62,62,62,62,9,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,9,40,62,62,9,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,2,33,33,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,9,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,32,62,9,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,9,62,9,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,9,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,9,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,9,62,62,62,62,62,4,35,35,35,35,35,62,62,9,62,62,9,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,9,62,62,62,18,49,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,1,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62,62],"ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","I-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","I-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObjectRegion","I-CelestialObjectRegion","I-CelestialObjectRegion","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","I-CelestialObject","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","I-Citation","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","B-Model","I-Model","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O"],"section":"fulltext","tokens":["the","stability","of","the","orbits","in","the","sense","of","keeping","them","within","a","well-defined","section","of","the","available","orbital","parameter","space,","Fig.","1","indicates","that","the","eccentricity","may","eventually","reach","values","that","lead","the","aphelion","closer","to","the","Earth\u2013Moon","system,","perhaps","triggering","an","impact","or","an","ejection","from","NEA","parameter","space.","Conversely,","a","larger","value","of","the","eccentricity","may","lead","to","a","shorter","perihelion","and","an","eventual","collision","with","the","Sun","or","an","ejection","from","the","Solar","system","or","into","its","outskirts.","In","our","case,","the","value","of","the","aphelion","distance,","that","oscillates","between","those","of","the","semimajor","axes","of","Venus","and","the","Earth,","can","become","as","high","as","1.02","au","(see","Fig.","6",",","right-hand","panel),","opening","the","door","to","eventual","impacts","on","our","planet","if","one","of","the","nodes","reaches","aphelion","(see","also","Ribeiro","et","al.","2016",").","Members","of","the","Atira","population","can","eventually","become","impactors","as","a","result","of","the","complex","orbital","evolution","discussed","here","and","in","the","event","of","an","impact,","they","will","most","probably","come","from","out","of","the","Sun\u2019s","glare.","3.3.2","Vatira","evolution","The","evolution","of","2019","AQ","3","shown","in","Fig.","1","initially","leads","to","brief","periods","(in","thick","red\/grey)","in","which","the","aphelion","distance","of","2019","AQ","3",",","Q","0.718","au","i.e.","2019","AQ","3",",","an","Atira,","becomes","a","transient","Vatira.","This","opens","the","door","to","transitions","between","the","two","dynamical","classes.","In","fact,","the","dynamical","context","that","keeps","2019","AQ","3","in","a","chaotic","but","relatively","stable","state","may","be","effective","in","enabling","a","dynamical","pathway","to","go","from","the","Atira","orbital","realm","into","the","Vatira","one","as","shown","by","the","evolution","after","about","3.5","Myr","into","the","future.","The","progressive","reduction","in","the","value","of","the","semimajor","axis","eventually","leads","to","a","transition","from","the","Atira","population","into","the","Vatiras","that","avoid","encounters","with","Venus","altogether.","Fig.","6","shows","that","transitions","to","and","from","the","Vatira","orbital","realm","are","also","possible","well","away","from","the","nominal","orbit.","Our","calculations","show","that","a","combination","of","secular","evolution","and","eventual","close","encounters","with","Venus","triggers","the","transitions.","Atiras","do","not","cross","the","orbit","of","the","Earth\u2013Moon","system","and","Vatiras","do","not","cross","the","orbit","of","Venus;","both","Atiras","and","Vatiras","define","disjoint","subsets.","Atiras","can","impact","on","Venus,","Vatiras","cannot;","therefore","and","although","the","members","of","both","dynamical","classes","interact","with","Venus,","they","do","it","quite","differently.","We","may","now","argue","that","the","distinctive","dynamical","property","of","putative,","long-term","stable","Vatiras","is","that","they","must","be","virtually","and","dynamically","detached","from","Venus.","This","implies","a","robust","difference","between","the","dynamical","behaviour","of","hypothetically","stable","Atiras,","such","as","those","discussed","by","Ribeiro","et","al.","(","2016","),","and","stable","Vatiras.","In","general,","Atiras","may","still","experience","close","encounters","with","Venus,","Vatiras","cannot.","When","the","Lidov\u2013Kozai","resonance","is","at","work,","in","addition","to","avoiding","close","encounters","with","Venus","at","aphelion,","close","encounters","with","Mercury","at","perihelion","are","also","reduced,","but","the","orbit","of","Mercury","is","far","more","eccentric","(0.21)","and","inclined","(70)","than","that","of"],"unique_id":"fulltext_921_2019MNRAS.487.2742D","pred_ner_tags":["O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","I-CelestialObjectRegion","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObjectRegion","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","I-CelestialObjectRegion","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Model","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Model","I-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","B-CelestialObject","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-Citation","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","I-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-Citation","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","I-CelestialObject","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","B-CelestialObject","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","B-CelestialObject","O","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","B-CelestialObject","B-EntityOfFutureInterest","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","O","B-CelestialObject","O","O"]}