adsabs/AstroCLIMB huggingface dataset:
Paper: Compact Binary Merger Rate with Modified Gravity in Dark Matter Spikes
Authors: Saeed Fakhry, Sara Gholamhoseinian, Marzieh Farhang
Figure caption: The merger rate of PBH–PBH binaries per dark matter spike as a function of SMBH mass for different gravitational models and power-law indices γ. Top panels: results for Hu–Sawicki f(R) gravity models compared to GR. Bottom panels: results for nDGP gravity models compared to GR. From left to right: merger rates calculated for γ = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5, respectively.
Paper: Compact Binary Merger Rate with Modified Gravity in Dark Matter Spikes
Authors: Saeed Fakhry, Sara Gholamhoseinian, Marzieh Farhang
Figure caption: Comparison between the NFW density profile and the density profile of a dark matter spike characterized by indices γ = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2, surrounding an SMBH with a mass of M SMBH = 106 M ⊙.
Paper: Compact Binary Merger Rate with Modified Gravity in Dark Matter Spikes
Authors: Saeed Fakhry, Sara Gholamhoseinian, Marzieh Farhang
Figure caption: Similar to Figure 2, but for the PBH–NS binaries.
Paper: Compact Binary Merger Rate with Modified Gravity in Dark Matter Spikes
Authors: Saeed Fakhry, Sara Gholamhoseinian, Marzieh Farhang
Figure caption: Similar to Figure 3, but for nDGP gravity models, i.e., nDGP(1), nDGP(2), and nDGP(5).
Paper: Compact Binary Merger Rate with Modified Gravity in Dark Matter Spikes
Authors: Saeed Fakhry, Sara Gholamhoseinian, Marzieh Farhang
Figure caption: Similar to Figure 6, but for nDGP gravity models, i.e., nDGP(1), nDGP(2), nDGP(5).
Paper: Periodic Gamma-Ray Modulation of the Blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, M. Laurenti, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Perri, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, A. Sesana, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, F. Verrecchia, G. Zaharijas
Figure caption: Multiwavelength light curves of PG 1553+113 at X-ray and soft gamma-ray, optical, and radio bands with the LAT gamma-ray light curve superimposed as a dashed gray line (E > 100 MeV). Top panel: Swift-XRT integrated flux (0.3–2.0 keV) shown as blue-filled circles, and RXTE data points averaged into 30 day time bins extrapolated to the 0.3–2.0 keV energy flux (Swift-XRT energy band) shown as blue empty diamonds. Swift-BAT count rate at 15–50 keV, multiplied by an arbitrary constant to scale it to the X-ray light curves, shown in green. Central panel: optical flux density from Tuorla (R filter, black-filled circle points), CSS (V filter rescaled, blue-filled squared points), KAIT (V filter rescaled, red-filled diamond points), Swift-UVOT (V filter rescaled, green-filled circles) and ASAS (V filter rescaled, light-blue-filled points). Bottom panel: 15 GHz flux density from OVRO 40 m (black-filled circles) and parsec-scale 15 GHz flux density from VLBA (MOJAVE program, yellow-filled diamonds).
Paper: Periodic Gamma-Ray Modulation of the Blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, M. Laurenti, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Perri, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, A. Sesana, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, F. Verrecchia, G. Zaharijas
Figure caption: Top panels: 2D image filled (orange color scale) contour plots of the Morlet CWT gamma-ray power spectrum, the “scalogram,” respectively for the Fermi-LAT E > 100 MeV and E > 1 GeV, 45 day bin, photon flux light curves of Figure 1. Side plots are the global CWT power spectrum averaged along the MJD epochs, and the one-dimension LSP power spectrum in the bias-corrected REDFIT implementation. The LSP power axis is rescaled to the scale of the global CWT comparing the relative main bumps. The 99% false alarm confidence level lines (parametric χ 2 and Monte Carlo) against the null hypothesis of an origin by pure stochastic AR(1)-noise process realization, are shown. Lower panels: 2D scalogram-filled color scale contour plot of the Morlet CWT (blue color scale) of the Swift-XRT integrated (0.3–2.0 keV) flux density (omitting the few, too sparse, XRT data prior to the year 2012), and 2D scalogram-filled color scale contour plot of the Morlet CWT (green color scale) of the optical flux density, corresponding to light curves presented in Figure 2. Cross-hatched regions in all the panels are the “cone of influence,” where spurious edge effects caused by finite time series boundaries become important. Side plots are the corresponding global CWT and the LSP power with their false alarm confidence levels lines, scaled to the global CWT peak.
Paper: Periodic Gamma-Ray Modulation of the Blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, M. Laurenti, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Perri, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, A. Sesana, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, F. Verrecchia, G. Zaharijas
Figure caption: Fermi-LAT gamma-ray integrated flux light curves and spectral index time profile of PG 1553+113 over more than 15 yr, from 2008 August to 2023 November. The light curves above 100 MeV and above 1 GeV are shown with a constant 45 day time bin (first and middle panels); in the last panel we show the Fermi LAT spectral index (E > 100 MeV) as a function of time for the 45 day time bins, with a scaled version of the (E > 100 MeV) gamma-ray light curve superimposed as a dashed line.
Paper: Compact Binary Merger Rate with Modified Gravity in Dark Matter Spikes
Authors: Saeed Fakhry, Sara Gholamhoseinian, Marzieh Farhang
Figure caption: The expected bounds on the fractions of PBHs as a function of their masses are shown, assuming the detection of approximately ﹩{ \mathcal O }(1)﹩ event (solid lines) and approximately ﹩{ \mathcal O }(10)﹩ events (dashed lines) of PBH–PBH binaries within a comoving volume of 1 Gpc3. These calculations consider the Hu–Sawicki f(R) and nDGP models and incorporate the Benson, Vika, and Shankar mass functions. The power-law index is set to be γ = 1.5. Observational constraints on PBH dark matter include: gravitational microlensing constraints from quasars (ML Quasar; E. Mediavilla et al. 2009), constraints from the disruption of wide binaries (WB; M. A. Monroy-Rodríguez & C. Allen 2014), constraints from the disruption of ultrafaint dwarfs (UFD; T. D. Brandt 2016), X-ray constraints related to accreting PBHs (X-ray I; Y. Inoue & A. Kusenko 2017), corresponding X-ray constraints in the Milky Way (X-ray II; J. Manshanden et al. 2019), and constraints from modifications to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum due to accreting PBHs (P. D. Serpico et al. 2020), which include particle dark matter accretion and FIRAS data (M. Ricotti et al. 2008).
Paper: Periodic Gamma-Ray Modulation of the Blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, M. Laurenti, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Perri, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, A. Sesana, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, F. Verrecchia, G. Zaharijas
Figure caption: Top panel: a Fourier fit to the linearly detrended 1 GeV light curve up to MJD 57203, the data used in A15a. The fitted oscillation is extrapolated and shown as a dashed line after MJD 57203 for comparison with the new data. Lower panel: comparison of PDSs for the two independent data segments (blue: t < MJD 57203, purple: t > MJD 57203).
Paper: Periodic Gamma-Ray Modulation of the Blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, M. Laurenti, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Perri, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, A. Sesana, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, F. Verrecchia, G. Zaharijas
Figure caption: Left panel: Fermi-LAT epoch-folded (E > 100 MeV) flux light curve with superimposed Fourier pulse fit, showing a slight bimodal peak. Right panel: superposed Fermi-LAT (E > 1 GeV) and optical, rescaled, light curves for visual comparison (Tuorla, CSS, KAIT, Swift-UVOT). The periodic gamma-ray Fourier oscillating pulse precursor/maximum (P/M) epoch zones are also highlighted. These zones are taken to be 120 days long with a start at MJD 57440 and period of 796.5 days.
Paper: Periodic Gamma-Ray Modulation of the Blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, M. Laurenti, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Perri, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, A. Sesana, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, F. Verrecchia, G. Zaharijas
Figure caption: DCCFs between Fermi-LAT (E > 1 GeV) and the rebinned optical and radio (15 GHz) light curves. Blue (dashed) curve: gamma vs. optical. Purple (solid) curve: gamma vs. radio. Estimated time lags relative to gamma rays are 6 ± 18 days for the optical and 188 ± 28 days for the radio.
Paper: Periodic Gamma-Ray Modulation of the Blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, M. Laurenti, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Perri, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, A. Sesana, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, F. Verrecchia, G. Zaharijas
Figure caption: Signal power with the LSP peak distributions of 106 simulated light curves, for the 45 day bin (E > 100 MeV) energy flux light curve in the inset and for the 45 day bin (E > 100 MeV) photon flux light curve in the main panel. Dashed lines are the LSP power for the two, true data, light curves. The significance of the period here is >4σ and 1.7σ for the energy flux and photon flux light curves, respectively.
Paper: Periodic Gamma-Ray Modulation of the Blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, M. Laurenti, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Perri, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, A. Sesana, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, F. Verrecchia, G. Zaharijas
Figure caption: Top panel: the Rossi XTE ASM 1.5–12 keV X-ray count rate light curve with 1 day bin averaged data points from 1996 to 2011 (a range of 15.7 yr) with negative rates and upper limits removed. In the inset panel the corresponding LSP showing only spurious 1 yr periodicity owing to data gaps due to the Sun vicinity with PG 1553+113, its 1/2 yr harmonic and the 50 day scale of the typical Sun gap duration and the spacecraft precession. Bottom panel: secular historical optical flux light curve of PG 1553+113 with data points from 1912 to 2020 obtained using DASCH DR5 with all data scaled with constant color indexes to approximately the R-band flux densities. A strict 2.1 yr sinusoidal line is added as background. In the inset panel the LSP for the 1910–1990 historical and highly gapped portion of the light curve is shown, highlighting only low-frequency noise and the usual 1 yr timescale (mild peaks at 371 and 310 days), common in ground-based optical light curves. The data after 2005 were already presented in Sections 2.4 and 2.3.
Paper: Periodic Gamma-Ray Modulation of the Blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, M. Laurenti, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Perri, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, A. Sesana, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, F. Verrecchia, G. Zaharijas
Figure caption: Cartoon of the hydrodynamical accretion geometries of a binary SMBH theoretical scenario for PG 1553+113. Around each SMBH a “mini circum-single” disk is fed by variable accretion streams (﹩\dot{{M}_{1}},\dot{{M}_{2}}﹩) extending from a large and dense circumbinary disk, having a gap radius of about twice the binary separation. The relatively high mass ratio (e.g., q = M 2/M 1 ≃ 0.01 or q = 0.1) also allows the secondary, #2 SMBH (#2, M 2 ≃ 105 M ⊙, or 106 M ⊙ ) to reach the vicinity of the circumbinary annulus, tending to receive a disproportionate share of the accretion rate (﹩\dot{{M}_{2}}\gt \dot{{M}_{1}}﹩), causing an additional periodic perturbation. The circumbinary disk also has intrinsic oscillations by gravitational quadrupolar torque and orbits at longer periods than the two minidisks feed, producing further cyclic variations in the accretion rate, jet matter, and energy feeding.
Paper: Periodic Gamma-Ray Modulation of the Blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, M. Laurenti, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Perri, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, A. Sesana, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, F. Verrecchia, G. Zaharijas
Figure caption: Left panel: 1 week bin and 3 day bin, science-ready and public Fermi-LAT light curve of PG 1553+113 from 2008 August 8 to 2023 November 16, i.e., from 15 yr of Fermi mission survey operations, extracted from the LAT light curves repository (LCR) at the Fermi Science Support Center (GSFC-NASA). Right panel: corresponding periodogram power density spectrum (main panel) from the 3 day bin light curve, and DACF in the inset, with the periodic component T = 2.13 yr highlighted. This period is consistent with the findings reported in the main text of this paper.