adityasasidhar/Wikipedia_Cleaned huggingface dataset:
On 29 July 2021, Logitech, in collaboration with choreographer JaQuel Knight, introduced its #Creators4BIPOC initiative under the Logitech For Creators brand. It allows social media creators, particularly BIPOC influencers, to copyright and monetize their online creations by making it possible for choreographers who amplify attention to hits by major artists in the entertainment business to secure copyright of their choreography using Labanotation and earn royalties from it.
Phages are typically made of an outer protein hull that has genetic material inside it. The genetic material may be single-stranded (ssRNA or ssDNA), or double-stranded (dsRNA or dsDNA). It may be between 5,000 and 500,000 base pairs long with either circular or linear arrangement. Bacteriophages are usually between 20 and 200 nanometers in size.
Words are made up of 'signifiers', or the sounds/spellings, and the 'signified', or the meaning and concepts they are talking about. However, the meaning of a word is naturally unclear; the word in itself and the meaning are not naturally linked. The word 'band' can refer to an elastic band, a pop music group, a gathering of brass musicians or a collection of people, each with different meanings and mental images. This means it is the reader who will choose the meanings of words. In a similar way, reading is like trying to hold a wet fish, because there are different meanings to each word. Jacques Derrida calls this "slippage along the chain of signifiers."
The chain of signifiers is a long chain of words that are connected to each other, for example a chain might look like this: "band, brass, copper, police." This chain really has no end, because each word connects to many others, and the more slippery a word, the more words it relates to.
Deconstructionists question language and meaning. Some people who were very close to Derrida are usually called deconstructionists. These people include Helene Cixous and Jean-Luc Nancy. If someone really deconstructed everything, they could not talk or think! Instead there are people who deconstruct things (books, poems, writing, words - in short, texts). Jacques Derrida began deconstructing things in the 1960s, but he was not the first. Martin Heidegger had talked about deconstruction in 1927 with "Being and Time" but he used the word "destruktion". Heidegger might even say that he got the idea from Ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. Other important people who talked about it include Paul de Man and Judith Butler.
Nihilism is a way of thinking which rejects meaning, concepts, or life. It can be a or a condition. Nihility means "nothingness", and "" is the Latin word for "nothing". Nihilism can mean the belief that values are meaningless ideas. It can also mean the belief that nothing has any meaning or purpose. There are many different beliefs that can be called nihilism. Friedrich Nietzsche was a German thinker who wrote many things about nihilism. What he wrote is often called the most important explanation of nihilism. Nietzsche wrote that nihilism comes from questioning traditional values until they fall apart. This is called "".
Russian thinkers like Mikhail Bakunin and Dmitry Pisarev inspired a lot of nihilists because they believed this kind of destruction was good. The word "nihilism" was also made popular by a Russian novel called "Fathers and Sons" by Ivan Turgenev. The hero of the story is a nihilist named Bazarov. Russian nihilism inspired many revolutionaries, like Sergei Nechaev and Vladimir Lenin. The Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky was almost also a nihilist. But he became an after ten years in exile. He wrote about nihilism in many novels such as "Crime and Punishment". The people who assassinated the Russian emperor, Tsar Alexander II on 13 March 1881, are often called nihilists too.
Nietzsche thought value destruction had bad results but couldn't be stopped. He also thought Christianity had made value destruction happen, and called it a type of nihilism. He thought Christianity was nihilistic because it was , meaning it has a negative and unhealthy attitude towards living. Religious thinkers have instead said that nihilism comes from rejecting religion. Sometimes people think parts of Buddhism are like nihilism, even though other parts reject nihilism. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the word "nihilism" was mostly used against people who rejected religion or believed in nothing. Either way, nihilism is often seen as a word for life-denying beliefs.
The word "nihilism" comes from "", which is the Latin word for "nothing". But the exact origins of the word "nihilism" are unknown. In the Middle Ages the word was used for some kinds of heresy. Around the time of the French Revolution, it was a word for the destruction of Christianity and traditional European values. It was used in many European countries. Soon, the word was also used in English. It probably came from the French, German, or Late Latin form of the word.
"Nihilism" first became a philosophical word in German, and then in Russian. These two meanings were combined by Friedrich Nietzsche.
In 1733, the word "nihilism" was used by a German writer named Friedrich Leberecht Goetz. He used the word as a literary term. A Swiss thinker called Jacob Hermann Obereit also used the word in 1787, and Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi did in 1799. This is where it first became part of philosophy. The belief that no one can know true reality is what Obereit called "nihilism". He used this definition to call Immanuel Kant a nihilist. This was because Kant said people cannot be certain of real things, but can only be certain about their experience of real things. Jacobi also used this definition to say Kant and his followers were nihilists. For example, he famously called Johann Gottlieb Fichte a nihilist. Jacobi thought German idealism and humanism were kinds of nihilism that came from the Age of Enlightenment. According to him, these so-called rational philosophies were the total opposite of rational.
Russian nihilism was an early kind of nihilist philosophy. It was also a subculture that sometimes mixed with revolutionism. Russian nihilism is often wrongly called a kind of political terrorism because of this. Its main interest was to destroy traditional values, especially in art and religion. Its main philosophers were Nikolay Chernyshevsky and Dmitry Pisarev. It also attacked the belief in free will and God. German nihilism came from German idealism, but Russian nihilism was different because it attacked idealism.
Nikolai Nadezhdin was probably the first writer to use the word "nihilism" in Russian. He first used it in 1829 by calling scepticism the same as nihilism. And Vasilij Bervi used the same meaning. Russian journalists like Mikhail Katkov and Vissarion Belinsky also used the word. Katkov called nihilism because it rejected all morality. He worried it could cause a revolution. Belinsky used the word in a more neutral way. But the word was still not popular at the time.
Mikhail Bakunin is often called the father of Russian nihilism. In 1842, he wrote: "Let us therefore trust the eternal spirit which destroys and annihilates only because it is the unfathomable and eternal source of all life. The passion for destruction is a creative passion, too!". Then in the 1850s and 60s, the theory behind Russian nihilism started to form. Originally it was a philosophy of scepticism towards morals and truth. It was in 1862 that the Russian author Ivan Turgenev made the word "nihilism" popular. He used it in his novel called "Fathers and Sons" to describe the attitude of the younger generation. The nihilists in the book say they are people who reject that they can. Even though Turgenev was more of an , many young people started to call themselves "nihilists" because of this book.
Probably the most important explanation of nihilism comes from Friedrich Nietzsche. He wrote many criticisms against nihilism. But he also had some similar beliefs to nihilists like Dmitry Pisarev and Max Stirner. Because of this, he is sometimes called a nihilist and sometimes called an . His explanation of nihilism combined the German and Russian meanings of the word, and also went further.
Licensed to Ill is the first album by the Beastie Boys. Beastie Boys is an American hip hop music group. The album was released in November 1986.
Most people with coronary artery disease feel healthy for years before they start experiencing symptoms. The most common symptom is a heart attack. If it is not treated, some of the plaques in the coronary arteries can break away and block the blood flow to the heart. Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of sudden death. It is also the most common cause of death in people over 65 years old. Men are 10 times more likely to get coronary artery disease than women.
Atherosclerosis is a form of heart disease. It causes fatty materials (like cholesterol) to build up in the arteries, forming harder materials called plaques. This causes the arteries to become narrower. It also makes it more difficult for blood to flow through the arteries. This can cause blood clots to form, blocking blood from traveling through the arteries. Small pieces of plaque can also break off and block smaller blood vessels.
If an artery becomes blocked completely, it causes serious problems. All cells, tissues, and organs in the body need oxygen and nutrients (carried by blood) to survive. If cells or tissues are not supplied with enough blood, they die. (This is called necrosis.) When this happens in the coronary arteries, a section of the heart dies. This can cause a myocardial infarction (a heart attack) to happen.
People can do many different things to keep themselves from getting coronary artery disease:
Fructose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) found in many foods. It is also one of the three most important blood sugars, the other two are glucose and galactose. Honey; tree fruits; berries; melons; and some root vegetables, such as beets, sweet potatoes, parsnips and onions, contain fructose, usually with sucrose and glucose. Processed foods also contain fructose due to how sweet it is.
Peer pressure is influenced by the peer group members. It often happens to children during puberty. The group defines some social values. For somebody to stay "cool" in that group, they must act like other people. Social pressure (and wanting to be accepted or in favor inside the group) leads people to do things they would not do otherwise. For example, it can influence a person to smoke cigarettes or marijuana, to drink alcohol, commit crimes, and many other things that they might regret.Most of the time,adolescents create a peer group of their age to enjoy themselves. They have strong faith and belief in their friends of the same group. The new desires, aspirations, and interests are developed because of the changes they experience. They become sensitive and sentimental.
When parents and society do not consider and address their needs, aspirations, and desires, they feel dominated and leave home to spend most of their time with their friends in peer groups. Sometimes they cannot get proper counseling and guidelines in these stages. Consequently, sometimes, they can fall prey to many bad habits. There are many positives and negatives to peer pressure.
Peer pressure is commonly thought of negatively, but in reality, it's not always a bad thing. Sometimes peer pressure is used to influence people positively. Learning about acceptable group norms can be a positive part of learning how to live with and socialize with other people.
In biology, a cuticle is something that covers the outside of living things called organisms. Cuticles are usually tough but also bendable. In plants, cuticles in the leaves help it from losing too much water by evaporation.
Leeks take around 100 to 120 days to grow and they are mainly harvested in Europe or Asia they are planted in deep holes to prevent them from sun and to avoid photosynthesis. The soil is required to be fertile and allows water to travel without crating puddles or drain to quickly.
In a European Union context, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Austria, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are often seen as belonging to a Northern group.
Western Europe is a geographic region of Europe. This term does not have an exact definition. Some definitions include countries like Spain and the United Kingdom, while some don't. Its use has changed over time. During the Middle Ages, the European parts of the Western World included those countries following Catholicism or Protestantism. During the Cold War, "Western Europe" was a geographic and socio-political concept. It meant the democratic European countries of the First World, which are also vaguely defined. It was and still is distinguished from Eastern Europe by differences of economics, politics, and religion.
At its widest medieval definition, it includes the following 23 countries:
A Furnace is a device used for heating. It does this through burning propane, natural gas, other something else flammable. The word has different meanings, though:
Southern Europe is a region of the European continent. The official definition of Southern Europe includes the Iberian Peninsula, Italian Peninsula and Balkan Peninsula. Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece and all northern Mediterranean countries of the European continent are considered part of Southern Europe.
Most importantly, in a European Union context, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Malta, Greece, Cyprus, Croatia and Slovenia officially belong to the Group of the South.
For its official works and publications, the United Nations Organization has its own special definition of regions. Corsica for example is part of France, thus not part of Southern Europe, but Italian South Tyrol belongs to Southern Europe as it is part of Italy.
Countries of Latin Europe are often associated with the concept of Southern Europe, especially Italy, Spain and Portugal.
Greece, Malta and Cyprus are also associated with the concept of Southern Europe, even though Cyprus is geographically in Asia.
Corsica has 1,000 km of coastline and more than 200 beaches, and is very mountainous, with Monte Cinto as the highest peak at 2706m and 20 other peaks of more than 2000m.
A maser is a device that produces light and heat by using atoms to release energy. It was invented by Charles Hard Townes in the 1950s. A maser takes the small vibrations in atoms and amplifies them to release electromagnetic radiation. Originally, they were referred to by the acronym MASER or 'Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Unlike most radio transmitters, maser waves tend to have very similar wavelengths. Their usage was first predicted by Albert Einstein. In the 1960s masers were made to emit optical wavelengths, and soon were called lasers.
Deinonychus was a medium theropod dinosaur. It was a dromaeosaur, and also a larger relative of the famous "Velociraptor". This 3.4 meter (11 ft) long "Deinonychus" lived during the Lower Cretaceous, about 115-108 million years ago. Fossils have been found in the U.S. states of Montana, Wyoming, and Oklahoma.
The My Opera Community started in August 2001 and was shut down after February 2014. It currently has over 16,000,000 members, who are from all over the world.
Permanent used as an adjective usually means that something will stay for a long time or forever. Its opposite is temporary. Permanent may also mean other things.
Hieroglyphs, or hieroglyphics, are a type of writing that uses ideogram, symbols or pictures to stand for sounds and words. The Egyptians, Luwians and Mayan cultures are among those who used hieroglyphs. They have also been found in Turkey, Crete, United States and Canada.
MEN is a kind of paper that was used in Ancient Egypt for writing. It was first made in the 3rd millennium BC. It was made from a kind of reed called "Cyperus papyrus".
This plant grows in marshy areas around the Nile river. The Egyptians also used the papyrus plants to make boats, mattresses, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Specially cultivated papyrus, grown on plantations, was used to make the writing material. Papyrus was first used in Ancient Egypt, but it was later used elsewhere in the Mediterranean region.
Sodium hypochlorite is an unstable compound composed of sodium and hypochlorite ions. It is stable in solution, though. It is light green and has the chemical formula NaClO (or NaOCl). It is a strong oxidizing agent. It is used to disinfect (kill bacteria) and as a bleach to remove stains from clothing. It is not good for cotton because the sodium hydroxide normally contained eats away the clothing fibers. It reacts with acids to produce chlorine.
Raisins are dried grapes. They have a lot of sugar. Raisins are made in many parts of the world. Raisins can be eaten raw or as part of a recipe. They are well known for being a high protein snack with 500 milligrams of protein.
Taste buds are small 'bumps' on the tongue. They are the sense organs which detect the taste of things that go into the mouth. They are involved in detecting the five (known) elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami.
Nectar, in botany, is a clear liquid made by the flowers of plants. It is sweet because it has sugar in it. Plants make nectar to attract pollinating animals. It is made in glands called nectaries. The nectaries are usually at the bottom of the perianth of the flower. This means the animal trying to get the nectar has to touch the parts of the plant that are used for reproduction. By doing this, the animal getting the nectar helps the plants reproduce.
Nectar is economically important because it is where the sugar for honey comes from. It is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adults of many predatory insects, as well as hummingbirds, eat nectar. Some plants give off very rich scents.Plants need water warmth and sunlight
Extrafloral nectaries (not in the flower) are specialised nectar-secreting plant glands. They develop outside flowers, and are not involved in pollination.
In contrast to floral nectaries, nectar produced outside the flower generally has a defensive function. The nectar attracts predatory insects which will eat both the nectar and any plant-eating insects around, they work as 'bodyguards'.
Extrafloral nectaries have been reported in over 3941 species of vascular plants belonging to 745 genera and 108 families, 99.7% of which belong to flowering plants (angiosperms). This is 1.0 to 1.8% of all known species. They are most common among eudicots, occurring in 3642 species (of 654 genera and 89 families). They often occur in rosids.
Hong Kong's growing economy and the quick increase in population created a lot of traffic problems. The Hong Kong government made a study of these problems. The first line was opened in 1979. The MTR was quickly popular, so later they built more lines to cover more ground.
In 1970, an underground network with four lines was laid out and planned as part of the British consultants' new report, "Hong Kong Mass Transit: Further Studies". The four lines were to be the Kwun Tong Line, Tsuen Wan Line, Island Line, and East Kowloon Line. However, the lines that were eventually constructed were somewhat different.
In 1972, the Hong Kong government authorised construction of the "Initial System", a 20-km system that roughly translates to the Kwun Tong Line today (except the line now extends to Tiu Keng Leng). Negotiations with four major construction consortia started in 1973. The government's intention was to tender the entire project, based on the British design, as a single tender at a fixed price. A consortium from Japan signed an agreement to construct the system in early 1974, but in December of the same year it pulled out from the agreement, because of the Arab oil crisis.
In early 1975, a government agency known as the Mass Transport Provisional Authority was established to take charge of the project. It announced that the Initial System would be slightly reduced to 15.6 kilometres, and renamed it the Modified Initial System. Plans for a single contract were also abandoned in favour of 25 engineering contracts and 10 electrical and mechanical contracts.
Construction of the Modified Initial System (now part of Kwun Tong Line and Tsuen Wan Line) started in November 1975. On 1 October 1979, the northern section was opened, with trains running from Shek Kip Mei to Kwun Tong. The route from Tsim Sha Tsui to Shek Kip Mei was opened in December of the same year.
In 1980, the first harbour crossing was made by an MTR train as the Kwun Tong Line was extended to Chater station, now known as Central station. Trains were extended to six cars.
The government approved construction of the Tsuen Wan Line in 1977 and works commenced in November 1978. This was a10.5-kilometre section from Prince Edward to Tsuen Wan. The line started service on 10 May 1982 with a total cost of construction (not adjusted for inflation) at HK$4.1 billion.
When service of this line started, the section of the Kwun Tong Line from Chater to Argyle, present-day Mong Kok station, was transferred to the Tsuen Wan Line. Waterloo became the terminus of the Kwun Tong Line, and both Argyle and Prince Edward stations became interchange stations. This change was made because system planners expected traffic of the Tsuen Wan Line would exceed that of the Kwun Tong Line. A bypass was needed from the northwestern New Territories to Hong Kong Island. Launched in 1998, the Tung Chung Line serves that purpose.
Since the line's opening in 1982, this is the only line whose alignment has virtually remained the same for the past 23 years. For example, the Kwun Tong Line's alignment has changed for 2 times since its opening - the taking over of Tsuen Wan Line from Mong Kok to Central, and the taking over of Eastern Harbour Crossing section by the Tseung Kwan O Line.
The Airport Express line is the second most popular means of transport to the Airport. In 2005, 22% of the commuters took the Airport Express to and from the airport.
The AsiaWorld-Expo Station is an extension of the Airport Express serving the AsiaWorld-Expo at Hong Kong International Airport. The station opened on 20 December 2005 along with the exhibition centre. Airport Express trains were expanded to eight carriages from the previous seven. There are additional trains on the Tung Chung line during major exhibitions and events.
MTRCL has developed properties next to stations to complement its already profitable railway business. Many recently built stations were incorporated into large housing estates or shopping complexes. Tsing Yi station is built next to the Maritime Square shopping centre and directly underneath the Tierra Verde housing estate.
On 11 April 2006, MTRCL signed a non-binding memorandum of understanding with the Hong Kong government, the owner of Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation, to merge the two railway networks in spite of the strong opposition by the KCRC staff. The minority shareholders of the corporation approved the proposal at an extraordinary general meeting on 9 October 2007, allowing MTRCL to take over the operation of the KCR network and combine the fare system of the two networks on 2 December 2007.
Bylaws have been recently introduced to deter potentially dangerous actions on the MTR, such as the ban of flammable goods on the MTR and rushing into trains when the doors are closing. Fines and imprisonment have been imposed for such offenses. Metallic balloons are also banned due to previous incidents on KCR and on MTR's Island Line where a metallic balloon interfered with the operation of the overhead power lines.
Tung Chung Line, the Airport Express and Tseung Kwan O Line, except Quarry Bay station, had platform screen doors. These doors prevent people from falling onto the rails. They separate the stations from the tunnels, hence allowing substantial energy savings on station air-conditioning and tunnel ventilation. Automatic platform gates have also been installed at the Sunny Bay and Disneyland Resort stations.
Main line stations do not have toilet facilities, although their installation has been contemplated. Only stations on the Airport Express and Disneyland Resort Line have access to toilet facilities.
The MTR network is unique in its arrangement of interchange stations. Interchange stations between the Island, Tsuen Wan, Kwun Tong and Tseung Kwan O lines are arranged in pairs; this allows cross-platform interchange. A passenger leaves a train on one side of the platform and boards trains on the other side of the platform for another line. This not only makes it more convenient for passengers, it also reduces the amount of traffic per station. Riders are made aware of the closest connection point by way of in-train visual and auditory messages.
A full GSM (GSM-900 and GSM-1800), CDMA and TDMA mobile phone network is in place throughout the MTR system. Passengers can stay connected underground. Full 3G network coverage in all stations and tunnels (except West Rail Line) for the MTR system has been provided by 3 Hong Kong, SmarTone-Vodafone and PCCW Mobile.
As of January 2005, there were two different fare classes on the MTR: Adult and concessionary. Children below the age of 12, senior citizens 65 years or older, and full-time Hong Kong students between the ages of 12 and 25 qualify for the concessionary rate. Children below the age of 3 travel free.
The fare payable by a passenger depends on the approximate distance travelled. Stations fall into fare "zones" depending on the distance from the origin. The fare to all stations in a "zone" is the same and increases with distance, especially if the journey involves a harbour crossing. Adult fares range from HK$3.80 to $26.00. Concessionary fares are usually half the adult fare, and range from HK$2.40 to $13.00. Fares for the Airport Express Line are significantly higher.
The Octopus card is a rechargeable contactless smart card. It was launched in September 1997 for use on both the MTR and the KCR and now is the most widely used electronic cash system for transactions in Hong Kong as many retailers are fitted with readers. It uses radio frequency identification (RFID) technology so that users need only hold the card in front of the reader. Physical contact is not required, and the card need not even be taken out because the reader can penetrate through material. This fare collection system has been so popular that many cities such as Singapore, London, Chicago, and Taipei have adopted the idea, launching their own version of smart cards.
Two types of tourist passes are available: one allows unlimited rides for a single day (at HK$50), while the other allows three days of unlimited rides on the MTR, with a stored value of HK$20, refundable deposit of HK$50 and choice of either a single (HK$220) or return (HK$300) trip on the Airport Express. Tourists are required to produce proof of tourist status, (e.g. passports or, in the case of Mainland travellers, entry permits) when purchasing the pass, and whenever requested by a ticket inspector during spot-checks.
The magnetic fare card system is used for single journey tickets. These tickets are pre-paid for between pre-determined stations, and are good for only one trip. There are no return tickets, except on the Airport Express. Fares for the Airport Express are different from main line fares. Apart from single tickets, same-day return tickets (same price as a single), and one-month return tickets are also available.
A one-day pass can be used for unlimited travel to/from Hong Kong Disneyland within the same day, and costs HK$50. This pass can be purchased from any MTR Customer Service Centres or Airport Express Customer Service Centres.
Four variations of rolling stock operate on the MTR on 1.5kV DC overhead electrification. All trains are electric multiple units, with ATC and ATP, operating on 1432 mm rail gauge. Except for the rolling stock of the Airport Express, all trains are designed with features to cope with high density passenger traffic on stopping services. Examples are the latitudinal seating arrangement, additional ventilation fans and 5 doors on each side per car.
The Tung Chung Line and the Airport Express use dedicated rolling stock designs specified to their respective lines. Initially in 7-car formations, they have now been lengthened to eight cars. These two variations were built jointly by Adtranz (now Bombardier Transportations) and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles between 1994 and 1997.
The Disneyland Resort Line uses driverless "M-Trains" with their appearance overhauled to suit the line. Windows on each carriage and the handrails inside are made into the shape of Mickey Mouse's head, and there are bronze-made Disney characters decorating the interior of the carriages.
With the objective "not only bring MTR passengers more time for life, but also more time for art", the "Art in MTR" Initiative has been a success since its reception in 1998, where the Airport Express Artwork Programme was the pioneer project. Thereafter, live performances, art exhibitions, display of artwork by established and emerging artists, students and young children have been brought into the MTR stations. MTR Corporation Limited have made art part of the station architecture when building new stations or renovating existing ones. Artworks are exhibited in different forms on the network, including "arttube", open art gallery, community art galleries, roving art, living art, and art in station architecture.
MTR Corporation Limited has suggested several future projects to the Hong Kong Government.
The West Island Line and South Island Line, first suggested to the government by MTR on 21 January 2003, was finally accepted on 30 June 2005. It was made up of the West Island Line that took the Island Line to Kennedy Town, and the South Island Line (East section) from Admiralty to Ap Lei Chau and South Island Line (West section) that connects the other two lines.
The ribcage is a part of the skeleton of humans and some animals. It is made up of curved bones called ribs. The rib cage is found in the chest area. It protects a person's internal organs from damage. Most humans have 12 pairs of rib bones with one from each pair on each side of the chest. Some people may have 11 or 13 pairs of rib bones. The bones are also filled with bone marrow. The bones that are connected to the sternum directly are called true ribs, and the bones that are connected to the sternum indirectly, through the seventh bone, are called false ribs (eighth, ninth, and tenth bones), and the bones which are not connected to the sternum, and is connected to the back bone, are called floating ribs. If these floating ribs were connected to the sternum, we could not breathe properly, as the chest needs space to expand and decrease. The rib cage is also called the thoracic cavity.
Edward was born on 13 November 1312 to Edward II & Isabella of France. He was the oldest out of 5 children of them. He has 2 younger brothers, Adam FitzRoy & John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall & 2 younger sisters, Joan of the Tower & Eleanor of Woodstock.
Wilson resigned as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party in 1976. He died of colon cancer and Alzheimer's disease in 1995.
The Labour Party is the main centre-left political party in the United Kingdom. It is a social democratic party. It has been one of the UK's two main political parties from the early 20th century to the present day. It is the second largest party in the British House of Commons, with 195 out of 650 seats. It forms the Official Opposition. The current Labour Party leader is Sir Keir Starmer, who took over in April 2020 from Jeremy Corbyn.
In 2015, dark horse candidate Jeremy Corbyn announced his candidacy for the leadership of the Labour Party. At the beginning, he was thought of as a socialist fringe candidate, but he later became the lead candidate in polls and got the support of the majority of trade unions affiliated to the Labour Party, along with those of three non-affiliated unions. On 12 September 2015, he was elected Leader of the Labour Party, with a majority vote of 59.5% in the first round of the ballot.
A dissident is a person who does not agree with an opinion, policy, or structure. There are also other types of dissidents like social dissidents who do not agree with popular social attitudes
Josiah was a child king of Judah. He was born around 640 BC. Josiah started his rule as king at the age of 8 when his father, Amon, died. Josiah was thought of as a good king. He following in the steps of his ancestor King David.
Jehoahaz was a king of Judah. His birth name was Shallum. He is thought to be an evil king. Jehoahaz began his rule at age 23 in 609 BC when his father, King Josiah was killed by the king of Egypt, Necho. He only ruled for 3 months in Jerusalem before the Egyptian king took him to Egypt and put another of Josiah's sons on the throne as the new King of Judah. Jehoahaz died in Egypt.
A toaster is a machine that cooks bread. The bread is put into the toaster and after a few minutes it pops up, toasted. The pop-up toaster was invented by Parker Scharbrough in 1919.
Henry VI (6 December 1421 - 21 May 1471) was King of England twice. The first time was from 31 August 1422 to 1461. The second time was from 1470 to 21 May 1471. He was also the King of France from 1422 to 1453.
Henry VI was a deeply spiritual man and was not very interested in politics. He let his court be controlled by a few noblemen who were called his "favourites". The people who wanted to end the war in France became more powerful, and Henry went along with them. Henry VI was told that the best way to get peace with France was to marry Margaret of Anjou, who was a niece of King Charles VII of France. Charles agreed to let Henry marry Margaret as long as he did not have to give her a dowry and was given the lands of Maine and Anjou by the English. Henry agreed, but did not let Parliament know about giving away Maine and Anjou. He thought that the English people would not be happy to know that the land was being given away to France.
Henry VI was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he was murdered on 21 May 1471. Popular legend said that Richard, Duke of Gloucester was guilty of his murder, as well as the murder of Henry VI's son Edward of Westminster. King Henry VI was originally buried in Chertsey Abbey. In 1485, his body was moved to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. He was succeeded by Edward IV, son of Richard, Duke of York.
Incidental music dates as far back as Ancient Greece. It was used in the 16th and 17th centuries, especially in the plays of Shakespeare whose characters often sing songs. At this time incidental music was used more often for comedies than for tragedies. Tragedies were about important people who were busy ruling their country and having wars. In the plays they spoke in verse and were too noble to sing. People thought that comedies were more suitable for including music. The songs were often sung by actors playing the parts of shepherds, nymphs or clowns.
An oar is a tool used to move a boat through water. Oars have a flat blade at one end, and the oarsmen grasp the other end. The difference between oars and paddles is that paddles are held by the paddler, and are not connected with the vessel, whereas oars generally are fastened to the vessel. The use of oars is called rowing. An oar used at the stern (rear) of a boat to steer is called a steering oar.
Juan Manuel Fangio (June 24, 1911 - July 17, 1995) was a race car driver. He won the Formula One drivers' championship five times, in the years 1951, 1954, 1955, 1956, and 1957.
The trunk is the main stem or "main woody axis of a tree". In the lumber trade a severed trunk is a log. In botany it means the main structural member of a tree that is directly connected to the roots and which supports the branches. The trunk is also often called the bole. The trunk is covered by the bark, which protects the tree against damage and often differs markedly from the bottom of the trunk to the top, depending on the species. The trunk, or bole, is the most important part of the tree for timber production. The tree trunk can be separated into five different layers: the heartwood, the sapwood, the vascular cambium, the inner bark, and the outer bark.
Zizhiphus is a type of tree that grows fruit. The species "Z. mauritianis" is known as the Indian jujube, and the species "Ziziphus jujuba" is known as the red date. They are mostly found in Asia.
The cayenne pepper is a type of chili pepper. It is very hot and is used as a spice. Cayenne pepper is the basis for the hot sauce known as Tabasco, as well as being an ingredient in many other commercially made hot sauces, such as Frank's Red Hot and Cholula. It can also be used in a dried powder form.
Although he is often known as "Edward II", some historians call him "Edward V" because prior to the Norman conquest, there were three kings with the name "Edward": Edward the Elder, Edward the Martyr and Edward the Confessor. Because some historians refer to the first three King Edwards of England as "Edward I", "II" and "III", Edward who is often called Edward II is known as "Edward V".
Richard was part of the House of York during the Wars of the Roses. He was the younger brother of King Edward IV. When Edward IV died, his 12-year-old son became King Edward V. Richard was given the role of "Protector", meaning he would run the country until Edward V became an adult. However, Edward IV, a well known womanizer, had entered into a second, secret marriage with his children's mother, while he was still married to Eleanor Butler; thereby, rendering all seven children illegitimate. The Three Estates and the London City Council began discussions about the evidence brought forth by Bishop Robert Stillington, and concluded that the late king had committed bigamy, making his children bastards who were, therefore, ineligible to inherent the throne. The crown was presented to the oldest male relative of Edward IV, Richard.
The rumour that Richard had ordered the boys to be killed originated in the French court and did not reach England for several months.
Richard put down a rebellion in October 1483 by his old friend the Duke of Buckingham, and the simultaneous first attempt by Henry Tudor and his French troops to land in England to usurp the throne. Buckingham was beheaded for high treason, and bad weather on the English Channel prevented Henry from landing. Henry Tudor successfully landed in Wales in August 1485. While he did not succeed in attracting men to his cause, the Stanley brothers agreed to bring their sizable private army with him. This led to the Battle of Bosworth Field, in which Richard was betrayed and killed by William Stanley's men. His body was put on public display, nude, in Leicester for three days, before Henry allowed the body to be buried in a quickly dug grave in their priory in Leicester.
In 2012, Richard's skeleton was rediscovered beneath a car park, where the priory once stood. It was reburied in Leicester Cathedral in March 2015.
For many years, Richard III was seen as a villain. The Tudor kings and queens encouraged this, as did Shakespeare's famous play "Richard III". Almost all writers at the time saw him as either a hero or a villain. In both the past and the present, some writers say that Richard III made many good laws, per his Parliamentary rolls of 1484, such as an accused was innocent until proven guilty, that land and property could not be seized while an accused awaited trial, and abolished nefarious and illegal means by which the southern English nobility made money off of the lower classes (which made Richard several enemies as a consequence). Others argue that he was ruthless, but that this behaviour was common for the powerful people of that time.
Richard and Henry's armies fought each other at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. Henry won the battle and became the next King of England, as Henry VII. Richard was killed in the battle, though probably not by Henry himself. He was the last English king to die in battle. He suffered thirteen head wounds, with two so severe that they would have killed him almost immediately. After the battle, his body was stripped of clothing and carried naked on the back of a horse to Leicester. He was buried in Greyfriars Church.
Richard's skeleton revealed he had serious scoliosis. It was so severe that had he lived in the modern time, he would have been eligible to participate in the London 2012 Summer Paralympics.
Shorts are short length trousers or pants that reach only to the upper part of the legs or more, but do not cover the entire leg. They are worn by both men and women. Shorts are worn either as outer garments or as underwear. They are called "shorts" because they are a shortened version of "trousers" (as they are called in British English, or "pants" in American English) which cover the entire leg.
In New Zealand English and some areas of Australian English, swimsuits are usually called togs. This term is less common in other parts of the English-speaking world where it may refer to clothes in general. Swimsuits can be skin-tight or loosely fitting. They range from garments designed to preserve as much modesty as possible to garments designed to reveal as much of the body as possible without actual nudity. They are often lined with a fabric that prevents them from becoming transparent when wet.
Bacteria grow well on wet or damp swimsuits. For this reason people should change rapidly from a wet swimsuit to a dry one. Doctors also say that for this reason sharing unwashed swimsuits is s bad idea.
The most common example in English is "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog".
Common loon
This species, like all divers, is a specialist fish-eater. It catches its prey underwater, diving as deep as 200 feet (60 m). Freshwater diets include pike, perch, sunfish, trout, and bass; salt-water diets consist oinclude rock fish, flounder, sea trout, and herring.
Ziziphus mauritiana (or Indian jujube) is a type of fruit tree. It is most often found in south-east Asia, usually India.
A gooseberry is a type of fruit, specifically a berry, and they belong to the same family as the currant. They have a greenish colour, although they darken to a purplish-red as they ripen. Gooseberries look similar to ungrown clementines, and the skin is covered in little hairs. Gooseberries are sometimes informally called goosegogs in the British Isles, although this term is not as common in the present day. Often, gooseberries are made into jams and preserves, but can be consumed in a variety of ways such as in baked goods or eaten straight off the bush. They have a taste and texture that is similar to grapes, albeit more acidic; they are sour when they are green and become sweeter as they turn red/purple.
The pomegranate ("Punica granatum") is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree that grows between tall. The pomegranate originated in the region extending from Anatolia to northern India or South Asia.
Today, it's widely cultivated throughout the Mediterranean countries. It is the most recognizable symbols of Armenia. In Armenian mythology it symbolizes fertility and good fortune. It was a guardian against the evil eye.
The pomegranate originated in the region of modern-day Armenia, and has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean region and northern India. It was brought into America in the late 16th century, including California, by Spanish settlers.
Horizontal is a direction perpendicular to the vertical. That is, it goes in all directions except up and down. The term comes from the horizon.
A moat is a body of water around a castle or town to keep people out. The moat was introduced between 1154 and 1485. At first, moats were simple and used only for protection. Later on, moats became more complicated and were used for show.
In the US, there is a filter used with TV called the V-chip. Sometimes parents use it when they want to control what their children are allowed to watch.
Sand castles are castles made of sand and water. People have taken making sand castles and turned it into an type of art called sand sculpture. Sand castles are often made on a sandy beach or in a sandpit.
This film is produced by Salty Pictures and First Street Films.
In March 2019, Trebek announced that he had been diagnosed with stage IV pancreatic cancer. He died from the disease more than a year and a half later on November 8, 2020 in Los Angeles, aged 80. The same disease previously affected his predecessor on "Jeopardy!", Art Fleming, 25 years earlier. He had been contracted to host "Jeopardy!" until 2022.
Following Trebek's death, a series of guest hosts filled in for Trebek for the remainder of season 37 of "Jeopardy!" (his final season). On July 27, 2022, it was announced that Mayim Bialik and Ken Jennings will succeed Trebek as the permanent hosts of "Jeopardy!" after alternating in multi-week stints for the remainder of the show's 38th season after Mike Richards (the show's then executive producer who briefly succeeded Trebek as host of the program) was let go after taping a week's worth of episodes after various controversies came to light.
On August 19, 2021, prior to the start of "Jeopardy!" season 38 taping, the producers of "Jeopardy!" re-dedicated Stage 10 at Sony Pictures Studios, the show's longtime home, the Alex Trebek Stage in his honor, with his family present at the dedication.
An ugli is a type of citrus fruit. It is related to the lemon. It started to grow quickly all across Jamaica over 80 years ago and was quickly discovered by the natives there. It became popularly known, but it did not have a name. The natives on Jamaica named it the ugli fruit because of its ugly appearance. It was shipped to the United States and South America on cargo ships and after it arrived in the Americas, its popularity only grew. The original fruit is believed to have been a hybrid formed from the Seville orange, the grapefruit, and the tangerine families. It's rich in vitamin C and other nutrients, low in calories, and contains powerful anti-inflammatory antioxidants called flavonoids. Most tangelos are free of furanocoumarins, which means they may be safe for those taking certain medications. Ugli fruit is a tasty way to enjoy the many benefits of citrus fruit.
Pakistan and India share the major export market of mangoes. It is also their national fruit. Ripe mangoes are very sweet in taste but they are bitterly sour before they ripen. There are many different types of mangoes found in India such as Langra, Dusshera, Chausa, Tota, and Safadi. Alphonso mangoes can be found in various parts of western India.
Mango also has a variety of other health advantages. You may learn more about these advantages here .
Olives are mainly known as a fruit but some people identify them as a vegetable.
Killamery is a village in County Kilkenny, Ireland. It was the site of a monastery which was built in about 632 and has a High Cross.
Reducing speed reduces the number of accidents by giving more time to the driver to manage their vehicle. Reduces the consequences of an accident by reducing the energy involved in that crash.
Because the emission of air pollutants increases disproportionately with increasing speed, speed limits are used to protect the climate and the environment. They are also used to reduce noise pollution.
Minimizing the speed differences in traffic leads to more consistent speeds, which increases road capacity and reduces the risk of congestion. This improves the flow of traffic.
In the UK, the speed limit in towns is usually 30 miles per hour, which is about 50 km/h, and the speed limit on dual carriageways and motorways is usually 70 miles per hour, which is about 105 km/h. In France, the speed limit on motorways is usually 130 kilometres per hour, which is about 80 miles per hour. Also, in the United States, most highways are from 65 to 70 miles per hour, and freeways are from 55 to 80 miles per hour. In Canada, the speed limit is usually about 100 km/h. In Australia the speed limit on freeways, highways and rural roads is between 100 and 130 kilometres per hour, and in towns and cities between 40 and 60 km/h but can go up to 90 km/h.
Nowadays, in the European Union, speed limits may vary from country to country or from region to region. Typical speed limits are 130 km/h or 120 km/h on rural motorways, between 80 and 100 km/h for rural roads, 70 km/h on point requiring a reduced speed, 50 km/h in main urban roads, and 30 km/h on residential urban areas.