adityasasidhar/Wikipedia_Cleaned huggingface dataset:
Also after he died, the movie "The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus" was first shown in movie theaters in 2009. Ledger was supposed to act as the main role of Doctor Parnassus, but he only filmed about half of the scenes before he died. The director for this movie, Terrry Gilliam, decided that the movie would be changed so that three other actors would also act as this character in some parts of the movie. The other actors were Johnny Depp, Colin Farrell, and Jude Law, who were all friends with Heath Ledger before he died.
Ledger started a record company with a singer named Ben Harper. In 2006, Ledger was the director of three music videos. The songs for these music videos were "Cause an Effect" and "Seduction Is Evil (She's Hot)" by Australian hip-hop musician N'fa, and "Morning Yearning" by Ben Harper.
Ledger had problems with paparazzi. It is said that he spat at and assaulted a photographer in Sydney in 2004. His relative is also said to have spat on a photographer in 2005. Ledger said this was not true.
Ledger caused problems after he was quoted in January 2006 in Australia's "Herald Sun" saying that West Virginia had banned "Brokeback Mountain" when it had not. He also said the state had lynchings as recently as the 1980s. These statements have been said to not be true by historians, who said that the last illegal public hanging in West Virginia happened in 1931.
From August 2002 to April 2004, Ledger had a relationship with actress Naomi Watts. They met when they both acted in the movie "Ned Kelly". Before that, he dated the actresses Lisa Zane and Heather Graham.
Ledger was engaged to actress Michelle Williams, whom he met while making the movie "Brokeback Mountain". They had one daughter, Matilda Rose, was born on October 28, 2005 in New York City.
In August 2007, the magazine "Us Weekly" said that Ledger and Williams ended their relationship. Ledger and Williams both said that the rumor was not true at that time. In September 2007, Williams' father, Larry, told the "Sydney Daily Telegraph" that Ledger and Williams had separated.
Ledger was found dead in his apartment in the SoHo neighborhood of New York City on January 22, 2008. Ledger's body was found by a housekeeper and a massage therapist, who entered the bedroom to find him face down on the floor with sleeping pills on a nearby table. The police said that it did not look like the death was suicide. They also did not think his death was caused by someone else.
On January 23, 2008, Ledger's parents and sister appeared outside Ledger's mother's house in Applecross, Western Australia and read a short statement to news reporters:
The Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd released a statement saying, "It was with great sadness that I have learned of the passing of Heath Ledger... It is tragic that we have lost one of our nation's finest actors in the prime of his life."
If an award in this list is marked as "Nominated," it means that people were thinking about giving that award to Heath Ledger but chose to give it to someone else.
The Democracy in Ancient Athens was very different from modern democracy. Citizens had the right to help govern but most people were not citizens.
To be classed as a citizen in fifth-century Athens you had to be male, born from two Athenian parents, over eighteen years old, and completed your military service. Women, slaves, metics and children under the age of 20 were not allowed to become citizens.
Citizens could be involved in the running of Athens and could be chosen for important positions. They were also allowed to own land. Citizens were between 10% and 20% of the total population at various times in the 5th and 4th centuries.
Ancient Athens had a direct democracy. This meant that each citizen had an equal say and opportunity in the governing of Athens. The citizens of Athens would meet on a hillside (the Pnyx) 30 to 40 times a year to discuss how to run the city better. Usually a few thousand actually came to the meeting.
All democratic countries now have an indirect democracy. This means members of parliament are elected to make decisions concerning government. There are now too many people in countries for them to meet on a hillside, and many people are too busy to be able to go many times each year.
Cleisthenes, a democratic reformer, divided Attica into ten tribes in 510 BC. The Boule was made up of 50 male Athenian citizens chosen at random from each of the ten tribes (all over 30 years old). This meant that 500 men were elected, but only 50 served at any one time.
BusinessWeek magazine says that Gucci made more than US$7 billion in 2006, and was 46th in the magazine's yearly "Top 100 Brands". Gucci is the second biggest selling fashion brand after LVMH. It is the biggest selling Italian brand in the world. It has about 425 shops around the world and it sells its products to other shops by franchisees and department stores.
"Ghoul" is also a shapeshifting demon that lives in the desert. The demon can take the form of an animal, especially a hyena. It lures unwary travellers into the desert. It will then kill and eat them. The creature also preys on young children, robs graves, and eats the dead. Because of this habit the word "ghoul" is sometimes used to refer to an ordinary human such as a grave robber, or to anyone who likes the macabre.
The show started their 10th series on February 19, 2008.
Many times, former "psychic medium" Derek Acorah was possessed by a spirit, sometimes evil or sometimes "lost and confused". One such case that exposed Acorah was at Bodmin Gaol, Cornwall. Before the filming, Acorah had been fed misinformation about a non-existent ghost of Kreed Kafer by the show parapsychologist Dr. Ciaran O' Keeffe. During the investigation, which was later broadcast, he presented the information as fact and even behaved as though he was possessed by the fictional ghost. O'Keeffe later revealed Kreed Kafer is an anagram of 'Derek Faker' in the "Daily" "Mirror". O' Keeffe exposed Acorah. The paper also claimed that O' Keeffe had exposed the rest of the "Most Haunted" team. O'Keeffe later reported that he had been grossly misquoted and misrepresented in the article, and produced a response outlining his version of the show based on his observations and findings, saying he had exposed Derek Acorah and NOT "Most Haunted". The show's presenter and executive producer, Yvette Fielding said in an interview that she believes it was a fake possession.
Although not mentioned by O'Keeffe, the "Mirror" article also brought into question unedited footage which appeared to show Fielding and Karl Beattie faking 'paranormal' occurrences such as ghostly bumps and knocks. Fielding denied the claims. Thus far none of this footage has come to light, leading to the belief that the "Mirror"'s claims were false. Videos purporting to show the team faking paranormal activity have often popped up on the web but show no proof.
Further controversy centred on Derek Acorah in Devon. On the first night filming "Terror in Torbay", Acorah mentioned a woman incarcerated by her jealous sister in the cellar of Lupton House, even coming up with the names Margaret and Eleanor. In this case, the facts were right, but the location was wrong. This is the well-known legend of Berry Pomeroy Castle which was to be the last night's location. On the final night, at Berry Pomeroy, Fielding reminded Acorah that he had mentioned the incarcerated sister two nights prior. Acorah glossed over his mistake and changed the subject.
Tutsan () is a bushy Eurasian shrub with golden yellow flowers. Its fruit are red berries, which turn black when they are fully ripe. The leaves and flowers of the plant grow and blossom in the spring and are shed in the fall. Its scientific name is "Hypericum androsaemum" L. The Tutsan has medical properties. A similar plant to it is the H. perforatum.
The Telluride Bluegrass Festival is an annual music festival held in Telluride, Colorado. The festival is put on by Planet Bluegrass. The festival mainly focuses on bluegrass music. It has had artists in the past such as Nickel Creek, Bela Fleck, and Chris Thile.
Tables with a "Days recognized" column means that WWE officially recognizes a different number of days that a wrestler has held a title due to an event airing on tape delay. In some cases, particularly recent NXT UK events, the actual date an event took place is unknown.
The ceremonial county contains the districts of Adur, Arun, Chichester, Horsham, and Mid Sussex as well as the boroughs of Crawley and Worthing.
The West Sussex County Council was formed in 1889 in the ceremonial County of Sussex. Because of the Local Government Act 1972, the East and West Sussex County Council took over the ceremonial responsibilities in the two halves with Mid Sussex and parts of Crawley being given to West Sussex from East Sussex.
Humberside was a non-metropolitan county of England. It existed from 1 April 1974 until 31 March 1996. It was not popular, because the north and south banks of the River Humber used to be in different counties, and there were no links between the two. Even the building of the Humber Bridge, the longest bridge in Europe at the time, did not encourage the two sides of the river to mix.
Audi AG is a German automobile manufacturer with headquarters in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, and has been an almost wholly-owned (99.7%) subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group since 1964. Audi AG was founded by August Horch and the current CEO of Audi AG is Rupert Stadler. 1909
Armani is an Italian fashion house (fashion designer company). It started in Milan in 1975 by Giorgio Armani and Sergio Galeotti, with $10,000. The company designs and makes several different types of things, including fashion accessories, clothing, cosmetics, fragrances, home decorations, jewelry, glasses, and watches.
Giorgio Armani (born 11 July 1934) is an Italian fashion designer. He was born in Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna. He is famous for designing men's clothes. He made his company, Armani, in 1974, and in 2001 was said to be the most successful designer to come from Italy, with a yearly turnover of $1.691 billion, and having $4.1 billion.
Corbin Bleu Reivers (born February 21, 1989) is an American actor and singer. He appears as Chad in High School Musical, High School Musical 2 and . He was a guest star as one of Miley's friends, Johnny Collins, in Hannah Montana and as Spencer in Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide. He also works in Disney Channel's original movie, "Jump in" working with Keke Palmer ("Akeelah and the Bee").
Lucas Grabeel (born November 23, 1984) is an American actor, singer and songwriter. He played Ryan Evans in the Disney Channel's original movies "High School Musical" and "High School Musical 2". He is also known for playing a role in "Halloweentown High" and "Return to Halloweentown".
The WWE Championship is a professional wrestling world championship in WWE for the men of the SmackDown brand. It is the first world title of WWE. The title is said to be the biggest prize in professional wrestling and millions of people around the world watch matches for it.
It is one of three world championships in WWE, along with the WWE Universal Championship (with which it is currently defended together as the Undisputed WWE Universal Championship) and the World Heavyweight Championship from the Raw brand.
The WWE World Championship was created in 1963, and Buddy Rogers became the first world champion on April 29. It may have been created because of things that happened in the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) which is a wrestling company (or promotion) that had many "territories" in North America and some around the world. In the 1950s, Capitol Wrestling Corporation (CWC) was an NWA territory, and in 1963, people in CWC had a lot of control over the rest of the NWA. During this time, Buddy Rogers held the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, the world title of the NWA, until Lou Thesz defeated Rogers for the championship on January 24, 1963. After an argument over who should have won, CWC left the NWA and created a new promotion called the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF). The new company then made up a story for its new title, and said that the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship was separated from the NWA World Championship, and there was a tournament in Rio de Janeiro to decide a new champion. They said that Buddy Rogers won this tournament, by beating Antonino Rocca in the finals. (The tournament actually did not happen.) The WWWF came back to the NWA once again, and the WWWF was renamed to World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1979. After WWF left the NWA forever in 1983, the championship was named the WWF World Heavyweight Championship, and later, the WWF World Championship or WWF Championship in the 1990s.
By 2002, the number of wrestlers in WWF was twice as big because they now had wrestlers from WWF before the end of WCW, and wrestlers who came from WCW and ECW. As a result of the increase, the WWF split its wrestler numbera with each half performing on one of WWE's two weekly TV shows - "Raw" and "SmackDown!". Each show also had different championships and bosses. This was called the Brand Extension. In May 2002, the WWF was renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and the championship was called the WWE Undisputed World Championship. After these changes, the WWE Undisputed Championship was not on "Raw" or "SmackDown" and wrestlers from both brands could challenge the WWE Undisputed World Champion. When Eric Bischoff became the General Manager of "Raw" and Stephanie McMahon became the General Manager of "SmackDown", McMahon brought the WWE Undisputed World Champion at the time, Brock Lesnar, to the "SmackDown" brand, and left the Raw brand without a world title. On September 2, after arguing about the brand that the Undisputed Championship should be on, Eric Bischoff announced the creation of the World Heavyweight Championship, separate from the Undisputed Championship. Then, the WWE Undisputed World Championship was called the WWE World Championship or just the WWE Championship. In 2011, there were two WWE Champions - John Cena and CM Punk. On the August 1 episode of Raw the Chief Operating Officer of WWE Triple H, announced a match to decide who would be the WWE Champion between Cena and Punk. At SummerSlam, Punk beat Cena to be the only WWE Champion, but that night Alberto Del Rio cashed in his Money in the Bank contract and became the new WWE Champion. The holders of the contract gets a world title match whenever they want (they could also fight for the ECW Championship when the ECW brand was around).
On December 15, 2013, Randy Orton beat Cena for the World Heavyweight Championship at . He was already WWE Champion when he won the championship and made the World Heavyweight Championship one with the WWE Championship, which from then an was called the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. Wrestlers stopped fighting for the old World Heavyweight Championship the next day. The title was renamed the WWE World Championship shortly after the start of the second brand extension. The WWE Universal Championship was created "Raw" and the original title became exclusive to "SmackDown" "Live". Soon after, it was changed back to the WWE Championship.
At the second night of WrestleMania 38 on April 3, 2022, SmackDown's Universal Champion Roman Reigns defeated WWE Champion Brock Lesnar in a Winner Takes All match to win both championships and become the Undisputed WWE Universal Champion. WWE called the match a championship unification match; however, both titles's histories are still separately active with Reigns being a double champion, defending both titles together across both brands as the Undisputed WWE Universal Championship. On the April 24, 2023, episode of Raw, WWE Chief Content Officer Triple H announced that regardless of what brand Reigns was drafted to in the 2023 WWE Draft, he and his undisputed championship would become exclusive to that brand. Triple H then presented a new World Heavyweight Championship for the opposing brand, which was won by Seth "Freakin" Rollins at Night of Champions. Reigns was drafted to SmackDown and the World Heavyweight Championship became exclusive to Raw. On the June 2, 2023, episode of SmackDown, Triple H gave Reigns with a new singular championship belt to represent the Undisputed WWE Universal Championship. Despite this, Reigns' manager Paul Heyman continued to carry the old WWE and Universal Championship belts until the end of July.
After the WWE brand extension, WWE started having drafts each year, where some wrestlers changed brands. After three years on the "SmackDown" brand, the WWE Championship switched brands during the 2005 draft, when the WWE Champion John Cena was sent to "Raw" while the World Heavyweight Champion Batista was sent to "SmackDown". On June 11, 2006, Rob Van Dam used his Money in the Bank contract at ECW One Night Stand for a WWE Championship match against Cena. Van Dam beat Cena to win the WWE Championship, moving the title to the "ECW" brand, a brand WWE created after buying the Extreme Championship Wrestling promotion. On July 3, Edge beat Cena and Van Dam in a Triple Threat Match to win the WWE Championship and with Edge on the "Raw" brand at the time, Edge brought the title back to Raw. After the 2008 WWE Draft, the WWE Champion Triple H was drafted to "SmackDown", moving the WWE Championship to the "SmackDown" brand. The following year, the title returned to Raw after Triple H was drafted back to "Raw" during the 2009 WWE Draft, and the championship stayed there. When "SmackDown"'s Batista won the title from "Raw"'s John Cena at Elimination Chamber, it still stayed on "Raw" because Batista was sent there.
From August 2011 to July 2016, all WWE TV programming became "Supershows" that had wrestlers from both "Raw" and "SmackDown". This meant that the WWE Championship matches could happen at any WWE event. The brand extension came back in 2016 and the WWE Champion at the time Dean Ambrose was drafted to "SmackDown Live", making the title "SmackDown"-exclusive. WWE then made the Universal Championship for Raw.
The Book of Judith is part of the Bible. It was written in or near 100BC. It is in Bibles that follow the Catholic and Orthodox Canon. Protestants and Jews treat the Book of Judith as part of the apocrypha and not part of the official canon.
Rancate was a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 5 April 2009, the former municipalities of Arzo, Capolago, Genestrerio, Mendrisio, Rancate and Tremona merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.
Rivera was a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 21 November 2010, the former municipalities of Bironico, Camignolo, Medeglia, Rivera and Sigirino merged into the new municipality of Monteceneri.
Rovio was a municipality in Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 10 April 2022, the former municipalities of Maroggia, Melano and Rovio merged to form the new municipality of Val Mara.
San Nazzaro was a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged to form the new municipality of Gambarogno.
Sant'Abbondio was a municipality of the district Locarno, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged to form the new municipality of Gambarogno.
Sant'Antonio was a municipality, in the municipality of Bellinzona and the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Sementina was a municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
Semione was a municipality of the district Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 1 April 2012, the former municipalities of Ludiano, Malvaglia and Semione merged to form the new municipality of Serravalle.
Sessa was a municipality in Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 18 April 2021, the former municipalities of Croglio, Monteggio, Ponte Tresa and Sessa merged to form the new municipality of Tresa.
Sigirino was a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 21 November 2010, the former municipalities of Bironico, Camignolo, Medeglia, Rivera and Sigirino merged into the new municipality of Monteceneri.
Sobrio was a municipality of the district Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 10 April 2016, it was merged into the municipality of Faido.
Sonogno was a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It can be found in Valle Verzasca.
Sonvico was a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013, the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Valcolla and Sonvico merged into the city of Lugano.
Sorengo is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Lago di Muzzano is in this municipality.
Lago di Muzzano is a lake in Ticino, Switzerland. It is in the municipalities of Sorengo, Muzzano and Collina d'Oro. Its surface area is . It flows into Lake Lugano.
Hainaut Province
Hainaut (, , , , , ) is a province of the Walloon Region, one of the three regions of Belgium. Its capital is the city of Mons.
The province has an area of with a population of about 1,351,000 in 2022. It is the province of the Walloon Region with the highest population.
The earliest evidence of human habitation in the district are rock-cut caves and megalithic burial sites of the Neolithic age. The Taliparamba-Kannur-Thalassery area abounds in rock-cut caves, dolmens, burial stone circles and menhirs, all of megalithic burial order. The district was part of the Chera kingdom, which ruled most of Kerala during the first several centuries CE. Later Kannur was the capital of the Kolattiri Rajas, whose kingdom had trading relations with Arabia and Persiain the 12th century and 13th centuries.
Kannur District played an important role in the Indian freedom movement. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, established a Malabar District committee in 1908. A branch of the All India Home Rule League, founded by Dr. Annie Besant, functioned in Thalassery during this period and among its active workers was V.K. Krishna Menon. By the end of 1939, a branch of the Communist Party of India was formally established at Pinarayi, a village near Thalassery.
The Eighteenth Dynasty was ruled by some of Egypt's most famous Pharaohs including Akhenaten, Tutankhamun and Hatshepsut. Queen Hatshepsut concentrated on expanding Egypt's external trade and sent a commercial expedition to the land of Punt. Thutmose III ("the Napoleon of Egypt") expanded Egypt's army and created the largest empire Egypt had ever seen.
Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaten in honor of the Aten. He started a religion based on one god, Aten.
Iconoclasm is a belief that people should reject religious images (like icons or monuments) by destroying or avoiding them. This is the opposite of idolatry, the worship of icons. Iconoclasm happens during important political or religious changes. It is generally distinct from destruction by foreigners, for example by Spanish conquistadors in America. The term does not generally include the specific destruction of images of a ruler after his death or overthrow ("damnatio memoriae"), for example Akhenaten in Ancient Egypt.
People who support iconoclasm are called iconoclasts. This word is also used for people who are against established dogma or conventions. Similarly, people who revere or venerate religious images are called idolators. In an Eastern Orthodox context they are known as iconodules, or iconophiles.
UCG's "Home Office" and is in Milford, Ohio, (a suburb of Cincinnati). This office is led by UCG's president, who is also the church's main spokesperson. He also leads the church's ministers and controls the printing of the church magazine, newsletter, and booklets. He is elected by the Council of Elders (COE) and can be removed by them.
Triple Zero
Triple Zero (000) is the national emergency number within Australia. If someone has an emergency situation that is life threatening or time critical, this number will connect them to a Telstra operator who will then connect them to the police, fire or ambulance service as required. 112 is a secondary emergency number that will direct calls to the Triple Zero answering point. It is against the law to use this number if there is no emergency.
A person would dial Triple Zero (000) if they require a response from police, fire or ambulance for life threatening or time critical events.
In some states there is another level of government, the Regierungsbezirk or governmental district. Several urban and rural districts are joined to make a regierungsbezirk, which does some of their jobs, especially things like land-use planning which can affect several districts.
Mary was the daughter of King James V of Scotland, who died just after she was born. She was crowned queen when she was only 6 days old. Her grandmother Margaret Tudor was the oldest surviving daughter of Henry VII of England.
Mary went to live in France when she was very young. Scotland would be ruled by "regents" until she was 18 years old. The first regent was the Earl of Arran. After 1554, the regent was Mary's mother, Mary of Guise.
In 1561, Mary returned to Scotland. She found that she was not popular in her kingdom. She had been brought up as a Catholic, but many people in Scotland had become Protestant. It was difficult for Mary to avoid siding with either the Catholics or the Protestants.
As Mary was now free to marry again, there were lots of noblemen who wanted to become her husband. For her second husband, she chose an English lord named Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, who was of royal blood. Mary and Darnley were both grand-children of Henry VII and were half first -cousins. Darnley was good-looking and charming, but he was often very childish, and he was jealous of Mary's secretary, an Italian named David Rizzio.
In 1567, Darnley was murdered. James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell was put on trial for the murder but found not guilty. He was a powerful Scottish nobleman who was loyal to Mary and hated Darnley. Mary then married him. This caused her problems, because Bothwell had many enemies and many still believed he had murdered Darnley. Mary's enemies forced her off the throne and made her young son the king in her place. Mary was put in prison in Loch Leven Castle. She escaped and crossed the border into England, which was ruled by her cousin, Elizabeth, Queen of England.
Mary, Queen of Scots hoped that her cousin Elizabeth I would help her regain her throne, but Elizabeth did not trust her as it was believed that Mary might try to take her throne. As a result, Mary was imprisoned for many years. However, things took a dark turn when Mary was accused of planning to murder Elizabeth. She was put on trial and found guilty of treason by a jury of thirty noblemen, and was sentenced to death by beheading.
On February 8, 1587, Mary was executed at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire, England, at the order of Queen Elizabeth I. Following the execution, the executioner held up Mary's head and famously declared, "God save the Queen." While this was meant to demonstrate his loyalty to Elizabeth I, some accounts suggest that the crowd was horrified by the display, which only added to the public sympathy for Mary.
The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots was a significant event in the history of Scotland and England, and it is still remembered and debated today. While some people believe that Mary was a victim of Elizabeth's political plotting, others argue that she was a threat to English security and had to be dealt with accordingly. Some people in Scotland saw Mary as a victim, a Catholic queen who was unfairly treated by her Protestant cousin Elizabeth I. They mourned her death.
Administrative divisions of Germany
Brandenburg an der Havel () (Upper Sorbian: "Branibor", Low German: "Brannenborg an de Havel") is a town in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. It is on the banks of the Havel river. Population: 74,129 (December 31, 2005).
The Roma are an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin, found mainly in Europe. In English, they are often called Gypsies. Some Roma, but not all consider "Gypsy" to be a slur. The old word "Chingar" is now rarely used. The Roma are people that left India around 500 AD and entered Europe around 1000 AD.
A DNA study by Indian and Estonian researchers shows that the Roma people's ancestors originate from Chandala (untouchables), Dalit and Shudra community of their ancestral homeland Gene flow from Turks into the Roma people population at the Ottoman Empire , happened through the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans and Byzantine Empire. Much DNA from the People of the Host Countrys where the roma live in flow also into the Romani people through intermarriages
Another gene study shows South Indian Tamil people DNA to Romani people, also the Y-DNA H in Roma community if from India. View Romani Men share the R1a1 Y-DNA Haplogroup, who show a Brahmin Ancestry. It is also claimed the Roma people came from Sindh. Also the J and R Y-DNA from Jats can be found in Roma people
The newborns of the Romani people from different countries, as a Indian study shows, have the blue-greyish so called Mongolian spot. Another study show's that many Romani Men from the Zargari tribe in Iran at Qazvin Province are born without a foreskin or a very short foreskin, a rare condition called Aposthia.
The 18th-century idea on the Indian birth of the Roma is based on the likeness between Romani and the languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent. The theory is now supported by genetic evidence. The origins of the Roma were not known until 1763, when a theology student, Stefan Vali, met Indian medical students. He noticed that they were physically similar to the Roma he saw in Hungary. He also noticed that they used similar words.
The first arrivals were well accepted. European people thought they were Christian pilgrims. The local people of Europe were fascinated by their nomadic way of life and their new sciences. A Roma was often recruited as a musician, for Horse training and circus artists, a lion tamer, a Blacksmith, a town crier, a hawker, avgroundskeeper, a dishwasher, a cleaner, a lumberjack, a caretaker, a locksmith, and other low jobs. Roma were crossing Europe aboard large caravans, which contained their luggage.
The Egyptians Act of 1530 expelled Roma people from England, and 10,000 expelled Roma people went to the Ottoman Empire and became Muslims. Their descendants have , call themself until today Egyptians.
During World War II, Roma people suffered from the Nazis' persecution and ethnic cleansing policies. Statistics show that about 500,000 Roms died in Nazi concentration camps. The Xoraxane Roma from Bosnia, also named white sedentary muslim gypys was not deportated, because Muslims of Bosnia decleared they belong to us.
The culture of roma people differs from country to country where there live in and also many differences from group to group. The different Religions also have a big influence of the difference of roma-culture. The Roma left a musical heritage. Guitars and violins are part of their traditions. The Roma influenced musical styles in Europe, such as the belly dance, flamenco, rumba, and jazz.
On 8 April 1971, the Roma nationality was legally recognized in Europe. Since then, 8 April is the Roma national day.
Most Romani people practise endogamy and arranged marriage's in very young age. Exogamy, marrying a Gadjo (non-Roma), is seldom. In some groups Cousin marriage is prohibited.
Romani cuisine differs from one country to another
"Didicoy" is a term used by Roma people for people who are of mixed Roma blood. The ancestry of these people is not completely Roma. Full blooded Roma and didicoy do not get along well with each other. The Romanichal (full blooded Roma people) often believe that their reputation for criminality is based on the actions of didicoys and other nomadic groups that are refered to as "Gypsies". Some families of mixed blood often call themselves "kyes".
Often, the non-nomadic population of Roma people in the United Kingdom use the term Didicoy as slang for all Roma people. An example of an old Romani song about a mixed blooded Roma is the "Romano Rai".
The Roma's religions are mostly Eastern Christianity, Catholicism, and Islam. Baptism by the Dasikane (Christian Roma) and male circumcision by the Xoraxane (Muslim Roma) are practiced. Their ancient religion was Hinduism and Buddhism.
Some formally Christian and Muslim Roma have embraced the Noahidic faith. According to Jewish law, non-Jews do not have to convert, but are supposed to obey the Noahide commandments. Persons who submit to the commandments are called children of Noah (B'nei Noach) Noahids. In Hungary there are many former Christian Roma who adopted Buddhism, especially in Hungary. There are also some Christian Roma groups, who taken one of the several evangelicalism faith. Several Muslim Roma belong to one of a Sufism Tarika.
The Old Dualist-Religion of the Roma people called "Romanipen" is a simple belive in "Devla-God and Beng-Satan ". There is no holy books but Priests called Rashai derived from Rishi, the Priests wife is called Rashani. Only Roma or partial roma may be members.
Even though they have been recognized, they still suffer from discrimination and antiziganism. Some countries still apply discriminatory attitudes towards Roma, especially in workplaces and schools, where they are not accepted.
Their squatting communities also irritate locals. The Romani created an association in 1978 to defend their rights.
Dirnt was adopted. His adoptive parents divorced when he was 7, and both are now remarried. Dirnt owns a restaurant in California called "Rudy's Can't Fail Cafe". He married his long time girlfriend Anastasia in 1996 and their daughter, Estella-Desiree, "Stella", was born in April 1997. He recently was remarried in 2004, however his wife left him because he spent too much time in the studio recording American Idiot. Dirnt lives in Oakland, California.
Suharto (February 20, 1921 - January 27, 2008) was an Indonesian military and political leader. He served as the country's president for over three decades, from 1967 to 1998. While in power, Suharto's regime was characterized by authoritarianism, human rights abuses, and widespread corruption. His rule was marked by suppression of political dissent, censorship of the media, and the violent suppression of opposition groups. Suharto's government was accused of widespread corruption, with his family and cronies amassing vast wealth at the expense of the Indonesian people. His presidency ended in 1998 amid mass protests and economic instability, leading to his resignation.
In the early morning of October 1, 1965, a group of soldiers claiming to be supported by the Indonesian Communist Party killed six generals in the army and one assistant because they thought he was a seventh. Many friends and supporters of Soeharto claimed they were members of the communist party itself. The people of Indonesia then started killing anybody they thought was communist with Soeharto's tacit approvement. Estimates range around half a million. Suharto then seized power from his predecessor, the first president of Indonesia Sukarno. For this, he used some force, but also took some political maneuvers. At the time, there was instability and unrest inside and outside of Indonesia. This helped him come to power. He took three decades to change the regime to work along militarist lines, with a strong central government. His movement was known as ""Orde Baru"". As he took an anti-communist position which he could defend, several Western governments supported him both in economic and political matters. This was during an era that is known as Cold War. His rule, however, led to political purges and the deaths of about half a million of suspected Indonesian communists; many of them Chinese-Indonesians. He also made some laws against communist parties and ethnic Chinese.
His New Order administration's authoritarian and increasingly corrupt practices led to much discontent in the 1990s. Soeharto's almost unquestioned authority over Indonesian affairs slipped dramatically when the Asian financial crisis lowered Indonesians' standard of living. People inside the military and other institutions no longer supported him. There were some problems inside the country during the early 1990s. Soeharto became more and more isolated, in a political way. After mass demonstrations in 1998, Soeharto was forced to resign. Soeharto had been the face of Indonesia for over 30 years. After retiring, he lived in seclusion. There were people who wanted to try him for genocide. This failed however, because he had a very bad health. His legacy remains hotly debated and contested both in Indonesia and abroad.
Like many Javanese, Soeharto has only one name. In contexts where his religion is being discussed he is sometimes called Haji or el-Haj Mohammed Suharto, but this Islamic title is not part of his formal name or generally used. The spelling "Suharto" has been official in Indonesia since 1947 but the older spelling Soeharto is still frequently used.
Soeharto was admitted to hospital on January 4; on 23 January, Soeharto's health worsened further, as a sepsis infection spread through his body. His family consented to the removal of life support machines if his condition did not improve and he died on 27 January at 1:09 pm. He died at Pertamina Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia of congestive heart failure. He was taken off life support. He was buried at a family mausoleum near Solo town.
The balance of power was shifted in favour of anti-Communists in December 1965, when personnel from both the Army Para-commando Regiment and 5th Brawijaya Military Region units arrived in Bali after having carried out killings in Java. Led by Suharto's principal troubleshooter, Sarwo Edhie Wibowo who with Javanese military commanders permitted Balinese squads (led by Anwar Congo, Adi Zulkadry, Safit Pardede) to kill until reined in. In contrast to Central Java where the Army encouraged people to kill the "Gestapu", Bali's eagerness to kill was so tremendous and spontaneous that, having provided logistic support initially, the Army eventually had to step in to prevent chaos. Sukarno's choice of Bali's provincial governor, Suteja, was recalled from office and accused of preparing a communist uprising, and his relatives were tracked down and killed. A series of killings similar to those in Central and East Java were led by black-shirted PNI youth. For several months, militia death squads went through villages capturing suspects and taking them away. Hundreds of houses belonging to communists and their relatives were burnt down within one week of the reprisal crusade, with occupants being butchered as they ran from their homes. An early estimate suggested that 50,000 people, including women and children, were killed in this operation alone. The population of several Balinese villages were halved in the last months of 1965. All the Chinese shops in the towns of Singaraja and Denpasar were destroyed and many of their owners who were alleged to have financially supported the "Gestapu" killed. Between December 1965 and early 1966, an estimated 80,000 Balinese were killed, roughly 5% of the island's population at the time, and proportionally more than anywhere else in Indonesia. Most of the people killed had little to do with Communist Party or other allegations thrown at them.
Soekarno continued to command loyalty from large sections of the armed forces as well as the general population, and Soeharto was careful not to be seen to be seizing power in his own coup. For eighteen months following the quashing of the 30 September Movement, there was a complicated process of political manoeuvres against Soekarno, including student agitation, stacking of parliament, media propaganda and military threats.
In January 1966, university students under the banner of KAMI, begin demonstrations against the Soekarno government voicing demands for the disbandment of PKI and control of hyperinflation. The students received support and protection from the army. Street fights broke out between the students and pro-Sukarno loyalists with the pro-Soeharto students prevailing due to army protection.
In February 1966, Soekarno promoted Suharto to lieutenant-general (and to full general in July 1966). The killing of a student demonstrator and Soekarno's order for the disbandment of KAMI in February 1966 further galvanised public opinion against the president. On 11 March 1966, the appearance of unidentified troops around Merdeka Palace during a cabinet meeting (which Soeharto had not attended) forced Soekarno to flee to Bogor Palace (60 km away) by helicopter. Three pro-Soeharto generals, Major-General Basuki Rahmat, Brigadier-General M Jusuf, and Brigadier-General Amirmachmud went to Bogor to meet Soekarno. There, they persuaded and secured a presidential decree from Soekarno (see "Supersemar") that gave Suharto authority to take any action necessary to maintain security.
Using the "Supersemar" letter, Soeharto ordered the banning of PKI the following day and proceeded to purge pro-Soekarno elements from the parliament, the government and military, accusing them of being communist sympathisers. The army arrested 15 cabinet ministers and forced Soekarno to appoint a new cabinet consisting of Soeharto supporters. The army arrested pro-Soekarno and pro-communist members of the MPRS (parliament), and Soeharto replaced chiefs of the navy, air force, and the police force with his supporters, who then began an extensive purge within each service.
By January 1967, Soeharto felt confident that he had removed all significant support for Soekarno within the armed forces, and the MPRS decided to hold another session to impeach Soekarno. On 22 February 1967, Soekarno announced he would resign from the presidency, and on 12 March, the MPRS session stripped him of his remaining power and named Soeharto acting president. Soekarno was placed under house arrest in Bogor Palace, little more was heard from him, and he died in near seclusion in June 1970.
Soekarno (6 June 1901 - 21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. He helped the country win its independence from the Netherlands. He was President from 1945 to 1967, presiding with mixed success over the country's rough switch to independence. Sukarno was forced to resign by one of his generals, Suharto. Soeharto formally became President in March 1967.
The spelling "Sukarno" has been official in Indonesia since 1947. It is still common to see the older spelling Soekarno, mainly because he signed his name with the old spelling. Official Indonesian presidential decrees from 1947 - 1968, however, printed his name using the 1947 spelling.
On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Montsevelier, Vermes and Vicques merged into the new municipality of Val Terbi.
Yourgutcast Corporation is the biggest cable television company, the second biggest Internet service provider and the third-biggest telephone company in the United States.
In February 2014, Comcast settled a deal to purchase the second-largest cable television provider, Time Warner Cable for US$45 billion.
The Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) was a British company that started making guns and bicycles in the 19th century. From 1910 the company started making motorcycles. At one time, It was the most popular maker of motorcycles in the world. Over half a million of the company's most popular model, the Bantam, were sold. The company went out of business in the 1970s. It has started again as a gun making company.
The Falling Man is the title of an article about a photograph taken by Richard Drew at 9:41:15 a.m., on September 11, 2001. The story was written by Tom Junod and appeared in the September 2003 issue of Esquire magazine. It is about the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City. The man in the photo, Jonathan Briley, is known as "The Falling Man". He himself had worked in the twin towers and was shown on video attempting to climb down the side of the tower using a rope likely made from clothing. He either lost his grip or the rope broke, and he plunged to his death. His fall was captured in the famous photo.
AboutUs.com is a wiki Internet domain directory. It lists websites along with information about their content. As a wiki, AboutUs allows Internet users to add entries or modify information. It was created by Ray King in 2006. It started in Portland, Oregon, where the website's headquarters is today. Ray King started AboutUs with only five people working with him, but, now he has more than thirty-five employees. AboutUs is in two different continents now, and they have an office in the city of Lahore, Pakistan.
The lotus position (Sanskrit: "Padmasanam") is a cross-legged sitting position which is common in meditative practices of Hinduism. It is a part of the Hindu Yoga tradition. The position is said to resemble a lotus plant and to encourage proper breathing and to be helpful for physical stability.
Before the bridge was built, people had to use the national route N9 near the town of Millau. This meant that there was a lot of traffic in July and August. The bridge now crosses the Tarn valley above its lowest point, linking the Causse du Larzac to the Causse Rouge, and is inside the Grands Causses regional natural park.
Catherine Zeta-Jones CBE (born 25 September 1969) is an Academy Award-winning Welsh actress, living in the United States. She started acting in theatre from a young age. After this, she had many small roles in British and American films and television shows. She established herself as an actress once she began starring in Hollywood films such as "The Phantom", "The Mask of Zorro", and "Entrapment" in the late 1990s.
She won Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for acting as Velma Kelly in the 2002 film "Chicago". She is the first and only Welsh actress to win that award.
Dr. Phil is an American talk show hosted by Phil McGraw. It debuted on September 16, 2002, after McGraw had success with the "Tuesdays With Dr. Phil" segment on "The Oprah Winfrey Show". On both shows McGraw offers advice in the form of "life strategies" from his experience as a clinical psychologist. Dr Phil order his shows January 4 2001
The show is in syndication throughout the United States and Canada, as well as a number of other countries. Also, the show's syndication contracts specifically state that if "Dr. Phil" is on another station, it cannot air at the same time as "Oprah". Dr Phil anncoued his shows In January 2001 to order the first episode in early 2001 with Lea Michele for his shows to exercise.
In 2007, <nowiki>Dr. Phil</nowiki> was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for "Outstanding Talk Show Host".
In January 2023, it was announced that the series would end after 21 seasons.
In 2003 Dr Phil started selling weight loss products. They were called, "Shape It Up, Woo, Woo!" McGraw said science showed they could help users control their weight. Many people criticized this and the Federal Trade Commission investigated. McGraw stopped selling weight loss products in March 2004 In October 2005, several people who used McGraw's products said they would file a class action lawsuit against him because although the supplements cost $120 per month they did not cause weight loss. McGraw paid $10.5 million in September 2006 to stop the lawsuit.
The Miss USA pageant is a beauty contest. It has been held every year since 1952. Winners compete in the Miss Universe pageant.
Tegna was a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013, the former municipalities of Cavigliano, Tegna and Verscio merged into the new municipality of Terre di Pedemonte.
On May 13, 1497, Savonarola was excommunicated by Pope Alexander VI. In 1498, Alexander demanded his arrest and execution. On April 8, soldiers attacked the Convent of San Marco and after a bloody battle Savonarola's guards and religious supporters were killed. He surrendered and for a few weeks was tortured to make him say that he was guilty of heresy, corruption, and other crimes against the Church.