adityasasidhar/Wikipedia_Cleaned huggingface dataset:
This relatively small campaign was of enormous consequences because Granada was the last outpost of Al-Andalus in Spain and its fall meant the end of 780 years of Muslim control in the Iberian Peninsula. It also was the last act in the Reconquista, the campaign by the medieval Christian states of Spain to drive out the Moorish invaders. After heavy days of fighting, the royal imperial forces of Queen Isabella of Castile marched into the city of Granada and captured it from its last Muslim ruler, Mahoma XII ("Muhammad XII"). After the capture of the city, Muhammad was invited to the royal tent of the queen and her imperial forces where a formal surrender was issued. After his surrender, Muhammad was ordered by Queen Isabella to leave the Iberian Peninsula and go to North Africa where he was expelled along with the rest of the Muslim of Andalusia. After the capture of Granada, the royal forces hoisted the Castilian flag atop the Alhambra fortified complex palace. The royal tent was then closed and the royal army moved out from Granada and back to the capital of Madrid.
The Emirate of Granada was an Islamic kingdom established in 1238. As the Reconquista was very successful after the conquest of Cordoba in 1236, the emirate officially became a tributary state in 1238 and was called the Kingdom of Granada. The Nasrid emirs and kings were responsible for building most of the palaces in the Alhambra. The "taifa" became a vassal state of the Christian kingdom of Castile for the next 250 years. The Nasrid sultans and kings paid tribute to the Christian kings and cooperated with them in the battle against rebellious Muslim kings under Castilian rule.
Sylvester Stallone (born July 6, 1946), is an American actor, director, movie producer, body-builder, and screenwriter. Stallone has been in many action movies. He has played two famous movie characters: Rocky Balboa, the boxer who overcame challenges to fight for love and glory, and John Rambo, a brave soldier who did violent missions.
Although Stallone is a Republican, he has donated $44,000 to Democratic Party candidates over the years, including $30,000 to the Democratic National Committee, as well as to the campaigns of Bill Bradley and Joe Biden. However, he has also donated over $33,000 to Republicans over the years and publicly supported John McCain for president in 2008.
In 1994, Stallone endorsed the campaign of then-Congressman Rick Santorum, then running for the Pennsylvania Senate, with $1,000.
Stallone did not endorse any candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries, yet spoke fondly of presumptive candidate Donald Trump, describing him as a "Dickensian character" and "larger-than-life."
In December 2016, Stallone was offered to become Chair of the National Endowment for the Arts by President Trump. Citing a desire to work on issues relating to veterans, he declined.
Although he holds conservative political positions on most issues, Stallone is a known advocate of gun-control, having been described as "the most anti-gun person working in Hollywood today."
Davies married Liz Hastings, a vision mixer at Southern Television, in 1962. They had twin sons.
Davies died on 19 February 2023, at the age of 94.
Davies is mentioned in the song "Dickie Davies Eyes" by Half Man Half Biscuit.
Autofellatio is an act of masturbation where a man sucks or licks his own penis. Only men who have enough flexibility, penis size or both can perform autofellatio. Autofellatio is a niche in pornography. Scientists have seen some animals, such as the Cape ground squirrel, doing autofellatio as well as manual masturbation.
This is a list of the tallest buildings in the United States. It is in order by height including antennas.
James Howard Thome (born on August 27, 1970) is a former professional baseball player. Thome played 22 seasons from 1991 to 2012. In the past, he played for the Cleveland Indians, the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago White Sox, and the LA Dodgers.
The Lena River is a river in Siberia, flowing into the Arctic Ocean. With a length of , it is the tenth longest river in the world. With a watershed size of , it has the nineth largest watershed.
The name "Lena" comes from the word, "Elyu-Ene", meaning "The Large River". The word comes from the "Evenks", a people of Northern Asia.
The Johnstown Flood, otherwise known as the Great Flood of 1889, was a major flood that happened in a city called Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in the eastern United States. It was on a river called the "Little Conemaugh River". It was caused by the collapse of a dam called the "South Fork Dam", upstream, after several days of heavy rain. The date it happened was May 31, 1889. 2,209 people were killed by the 20 million tons of water that flooded the town. The flood also resulted in $17 million in damages.
Predestination is a central belief in Calvinism. Calvinists believe that God picked those who he will save and bring with him to heaven before the world was created. They also believe that people who are not saved by God will go to hell. John Calvin thought people who were saved could never lose their salvation and the "elected" (those God saved) would know they were saved because of their actions.
Boohbah is a British children's television programme. It was produced by Ragdoll Productions. It was made by Anne Wood. Alan Dapre and Robin Stevens wrote the scripts. Wood also made "Teletubbies".
The programme was made for preschool children between the ages of three and six years old. It is mainly intended to be an exercise show. It is also meant to be silly, and to get children thinking. The show is similar to "Teletubbies" in that both have a science fiction theme. The Boohbahs are five furry round creatures. They are meant to be atoms of energy.
There are 104 episodes in total. Each episode runs for 25 minutes. In the United Kingdom, the programme started on 14 April 1999 on ITV. It was divided into two series of 52 episodes each. The second series began on 16 March 2006.
In the United States, the programme started on 5 January 2004 on PBS. All 104 episodes were shown as one series in the U.S. The last episode was shown on 17 September 2006. Boohbah is also shown in the Netherlands on Nick Jr. "Boohbah" means "doll" in Hebrew, but it is not known if the show was named for this.
The series focuses on the Boohbahs: five plump, fuzzy, furry, round, gumdrop-shaped creatures, They are played by actors in full-body costumes. Their on sparkles and shimmers with tiny lights and that have big eyes. Their eyebrows are rows of lights. They do not speak; instead, they make noises such as squeaks, squeals, "poofs", and clicks. The Boohbahs can retract their heads into their furry necks. Each Boohbah is a different colour.
A list of the Boohbahs is available below.
The Storypeople are a group of characters who live in Storyworld. They are in short stories. They are:
They do not speak. (When Little Dog Fido appears, he gives an "arf!") Though they sometimes show frustration or confusion, the Storypeople rarely, if ever,look upset or sad. The Storyland segments are narrated by actor Chris Langham. In each episode the Storypeople magically receive an object sent to them by a child or group of children.
One of the common things in "Boohbah" is the Boohball. The Boohball, a glowing white ball, is where the Boohbahs live, and it appears out of nowhere in various parts of the show. It travels from country to country when it is called by children. Inside the Boohball is a set of pods on a round, spinning base, where the Boohbahs recharge energy. It looks like five fuzzy ladle-like charger pods with the handles linked; and, alternate, pods are the Boohbahs' beds or they look like five fig halves. The energy is created by the laughter of the children when playing with the Boohbahs, the Boohball, and the Storypeople.
Ryan Paul Jones (born 13 March 1981) is a Welsh international rugby player. He played for Wales from 2004 to 2014. He also played for Ospreys at the Liberty Stadium. Jones was born in Newport, Wales.
He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 2021.
In July 2022, Jones announced he was diagnosed with a rare form of early-onset dementia.
The eastern grey kangaroo ("Macropus giganteus") is a marsupial that lives in south and east Australia, including Tasmania. It is also called the great grey kangaroo and the forester kangaroo. An eastern grey male weighs about 66 kg (145 lb) and is almost 2 m (7 ft) tall. Its scientific name, "Macropus giganteus" means gigantic (huge) large-foot, and the eastern grey is the second-biggest marsupial on earth. The red kangaroo is the largest.
Jim Magilton (born 6 May 1969 in Belfast) is a former association football manager. He used to play football and is the former manager of Ipswich Town F.C.
Morecambe is a town in the county Lancashire. It is in the North of England. It has a football team in league 2 of the football league. It is a seaside holiday area. It is famous for its food from the sea and Mr Blobby. It is in the City of Lancaster district.
Hof () is a rural district in Upper Franconia in north Bavaria, Germany. However the district does not include the city of Hof, which is an urban district itself.
Regnitzlosau is a municipality in Upper Franconia in Hof in Bavaria in Germany, bordered with the Czech Republic. Regnitzlosau was established in 1234 by three members of the nobility: Cunradus de Lasan, Arnoldus de Lasan and Ciban de Lasan.
On 1 November 1939, he sailed to the United States where he lived for the rest of his life. His home was in Beverly Hills, California. Many people who lived there had fled from Europe because of the Nazis. They became his friends. They included the German writer Thomas Mann. He worked with many famous American orchestras, including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the NBC Symphony Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic and the Philadelphia Orchestra. After the war he often came back to Europe. He performed at the Edinburgh Festival and in Salzburg, Vienna and Munich. In his later life he made many stereo recordings with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra. He made his last live concert appearance on 4 December 1960 with the Los Angeles Philharmonic and pianist Van Cliburn. His last recording was a series of Mozart overtures with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra at the end of March in 1961.
Mount Redoubt, also called Redoubt Volcano, is a volcano in the U.S. state of Alaska. It rises above sea level and above the valleys around it. It is about from the city of Anchorage.
On March 22, 2009, Mount Redoubt erupted, sending ash high in the air and covering the mountains around with ash. No people live near Mount Redoubt, but the ash spread into towns and cities and the airport of Anchorage was closed shortly. Other years when it erupted include 1902, 1922, 1966, and 1989.
Bank of America Plaza is a skyscraper in Atlanta, United States. It is tall and has 55 floors. It was built in 1992. It is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.
U.S. Bank Tower is a skyscraper in Los Angeles, California, United States. It is 310 meters (1018 feet) tall and has 73 floors. It was built in 1989 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States. It is one of the tallest building in the United States that is west of the Mississippi River. It is also the second tallest building in Los Angeles and California, after the Wilshire Grand Center.
JPMorgan Chase Tower is a skyscraper in Houston, United States. It is 305 meters (1002 feet) tall and has 75 floors. It was built in 1982 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.
Human rights organisations like Amnesty International have said CIA agents used waterboarding and other inhumane ways to get information out of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay. Because of the abuse President Barack Obama ordered the base to be closed down.
Sargassum is a genus of generally planktonic (free-floating) macroalgae (seaweed) in the order Fucales. The Atlantic Ocean's Sargasso Sea gets its name from the large amount of several species of "Sargassum" that grow there.
The Central Valley (also called the Great Central Valley) is a very large valley in the middle of California, in the United States. The valley covers about . It is about the size of the state of Tennessee. It is made up of two connected, differently named valleys, the "Sacramento Valley" and the "San Joaquin Valley".
The Sierra Nevada Mountains border the valley on the east side. The Coast Range borders it on the west side. The Sacramento River flows through the north part of the Central Valley. This part of the valley is also called the "Sacramento Valley". The San Joaquin River flows through the larger south part of the Central Valley. That part is also called the "San Joaquin Valley". Both rivers merge eventually and empty into the Pacific Ocean through San Francisco Bay.
The capital of California, Sacramento, is in the north part of the Central Valley. The Central Valley is around long.
The Central Valley has 18 California counties. Fifteen of these counties are among the 25 most productive farmland counties in California. Overall, the Central Valley economy depends on farming. This has led to serious environmental damages, such as pesticides and selenium and other bad materials being washed into the rivers and polluting the San Francisco Bay.
The valley floor is a flat, smooth land area covering about . It is long and wide. It covers 19 California counties. These counties are:
The Sierra Nevada mountains are on the east side of the valley. These mountains are very tall and steep. Many rivers and streams flow off the Sierra Nevada. The highest mountain in the Sierra Nevada is Mount Whitney (14,495') which is also the tallest mountain in California and the rest of the continental United States. On the west side, there is the California Coast Ranges, an extension of the Pacific Coast Ranges. Its highest point is approximately .
The Sacramento River begins in the Cascade Range, but most of it is in the Central Valley. The river flows south about to San Francisco Bay. Some of its tributaries are the Pit River, Feather River, and American River. All these rivers come off the Sierra Nevada.
A Separately Managed Account or SMA is a type of financial investment account. SMAs are offered by financial consultants and brokerage firms, and managed by independent "money managers." A money manager is a business that manages stock and other securities, or investments for an investor. SMAs have varying fee structures. Common characteristics of SMAs are that they provide open investment choices; have multiple managers; and, offer a customized investment portfolio created for a client's specific needs.
They were first introduced in the US in the 1970s by the former investment firm EF Hutton They have grown in popularity and are offered in other countries. For some investors, Separately Managed Accounts are rivals to mutual funds and other types of investments.
Financial experts point out that past performance of any investment is not a predictor of future performance. So, investors should talk with a licensed financial adviser and carefully review all information available before making any investment decision. In addition, before making an investment, investors should check with the appropriate licensing and regulatory authorities to ensure that the firm offering SMAs is properly licensed and in good standing.
There is a city named Police in Poland. It is therefore possible to form a sentence "Police police Police police police police Police police", meaning "Cops from Police, whom other policemen from Police, Poland, are watching, watch yet other cops from Police, Poland".
Goat's milk cheese or simply Goat cheese is cheese made from milk that came from a goat. It has a different color, structure, and taste than that of regular cheese. It is usually white and breaks apart quickly. Because it breaks apart quickly it is usually stored in plastic containers with water.
A webcomic is a comic that can be viewed on the Internet. Most webcomics are made viewable either as a page or a strip at a time. Some do this on a regular schedule, often one strip each day, or one strip on each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.
There was a second period when "taifa"s developed: the middle of the 12th century, when the Almoravid dynasty was in decline. The "taifa"s rose once again in Spain and Portugal.
In the 11th century and again in the mid 12th century, the emirs (rulers) of the "taifa"s kept fighting among themselves, not only militarily but also for cultural prestige. They tried to recruit the most famous poets and artisans.
The Almoravids were a Berber Muslim dynasty from the Mauritanian Sahara that ruled over a wide area of northwestern Africa and the Iberian Peninsula during the 11th century.
Under this dynasty the Western Islamic empire included present-day Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Gibraltar, Tlemcen (in Algeria) and a great part of what is now Senegal and Mali in the south, and Spain and Portugal to the north in Europe. At its greatest extent, the empire stretched 3,000 kilometres from Zaragoza in the north to Senegal in the south (an all-time latitude spanner until Spanish America). The Almoravids originated as a Sunni Islamic revivalist movement in present day northern Mauritania and gradually evolved into a military confederation. The Almoravids started to subjugate Senegal and then started expanding northwards. They first captured southern and central Morocco and then took Marrakesh and started to proclaim themselves as an Islamic caliphate. They gathered many soldiers from the Tuareg tribe of Berbers. They then completed the conquest of Morocco by conquering the northern tip of Morocco and reached Ceuta. After conquering Morocco, they established their power base in Morocco rather than their original home, Mauritania. This was due to the isolation of Mauritania and the urbaneness of Morocco perfect for ruling empires. They then began to rule from Morocco after completing the conquest of the country and continued to further expand. Due to calls of help from the Andalusian taifas in Iberia, they expanded into Iberia and conquered the territory of the Islamic taifas there. After their conquest, they implemented Sharia law in all of their conquered territories. They proclaimed a "jihad" against the Christian Iberian kingdoms and met them at the Battle of Sagrajas where they decisively crushed the Christian army turning the tide of the "Reconquista". The Almoravids veiled themselves below the eyes with a tagelmust, a custom they adapted from southern Sanhaja Berbers. (This can still be seen among the modern Tuareg people, but it was unusual further north.) Although practical for the desert dust, the Almoravids insisted on wearing the veil everywhere, as a badge of "foreignness" in urban settings, partly as a way of emphasizing their nomadic origins. It served as the uniform of the Almoravids. They wore the veil covering their entire face with the exception of their eyes due to their nomadic desert Saharan origins. The empire reached its territorial extent under the reigns of Yusuf ibn Tashfin and Ali ibn Yusuf.
Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957) is a British actor, broadcaster, comedian, director and writer. He presents the television programme QI.
Fry was born in Hampstead, London and grew up in Norfolk. His maternal grandparents were Hungarian Jews. He is a Jewish atheist and is openly gay. He has been diagnosed with cyclothymia, a mild form of bipolar disorder. From 1995 to 2010, Fry had a relationship with Daniel Cohen. In January 2015, Fry married his partner, Elliot Spencer.
Soviet Union national football team was the national football team of Soviet Union. The team was left after the Soviet Union breakup in 1991. The team is now replaced by the Russia national football team.
The Almohad Caliphate (From Arabic "al-Muwahhidun", i.e., "the monotheists" or "the Unitarians"), was a Sunni Muslim empire that was founded in the 12th century, and conquered all of northern Africa as far as Libya, together with Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia).
Du Fu (; 712-770 AD) was a Chinese realistic poet. He was also called Zi Mei. Du Fu is often regarded, along with Li Bai and Wang Wei, as one of the three greatest poets in China's literary history. He has been called Poet-Historian and the Poet-Sage by Chinese critics. Today we know about 1,400 of his poems. His poetry describes human suffering that he had witnessed throughout his life. It also reflected on the troubled times during the Tang Dynasty. In 755 he was forced to flee his home and was separated from his family for a year.
Sleep apnea occurs when the muscles in the back of the throat relax too much to allow normal breathing. These muscles support structures including the back of the roof of the mouth (soft palate), the triangular piece of tissue hanging from the soft palate (uvula), the tonsils, and the tongue.
When the muscles relax, the airway narrows or closes when breathe in, hampering the breathing for 10 seconds or longer. This can lower the level of oxygen in the blood and cause a buildup of carbon dioxide.
Microsleep is a very short sleep that occurs when people are awake. It can last from under a second to about 30 seconds. It may happen because of sleep deprivation, fatigue, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or hypersomnia. Microsleeps can occur at any time. Most of the time, they do so without warning. When people have a microsleep during conversation, they may lose track of the subject that was talked about.
Thyreophora are the armoured dinosaurs: the name means 'shield-bearer'. It is a suborder of ornithischian dinosaurs.
Shasta County is a county in northern California, United States. It is in the Sacramento Valley part of the Central Valley of California. As of 2020, 182,155 people live there. The county seat, as well as the biggest city, is Redding. One major attraction in the county is Shasta Dam and Shasta Lake, one of the biggest dams in the state of California.
Tehama County is one of the counties of the U.S. state of California. It is just south of Shasta County, in the Sacramento Valley part of the Central Valley of California. The county is 2,962 square miles (7,672 square kilometers) in size. Its county seat is Red Bluff.
As of 2020, the county had a population of 28,917. The county seat is the city of Willows.
Wells Fargo Plaza is a skyscraper in Houston, United States. It is 302 meters (992 feet) tall. It has 71 floors. It was built in 1983. It is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.
Comcast Center is a skyscraper in Philadelphia, United States. It is 297 meters (974 feet) tall and has 82 floors. It was built in 1999 and is one of the tallest buildings in the United States.
HCJB (Heralding Christ Jesus' Blessings) is a Christian shortwave radio station in Quito, Ecuador. It has been broadcasting on shortwave for more than 75 years and now also has television, satellite and Internet programs.
Tropical Storm Frances caused extensive flooding in Mexico and Texas in September 1998. The sixth tropical cyclone and sixth named storm of the annual hurricane season, Frances developed from a low pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico on September 8.
Hurricane Georges caused much damage and many deaths in on the norther Caribbean islands and the Gulf Coast of the United States. Even though it was very strong, caused a lot of damage and many deaths, it was not the strongest, costliest, or deadliest of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season, that would be Hurricane Mitch later on. Hurricane Georges crossed some islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and Cuba, before it made landfall in Mississippi. Georges killed 604 people and caused $5.9 billion in damage, much of it from high winds and severe flooding.
He was 4 times Hero of the Soviet Union and had many more medals. After Stalin died he became Minister of Defense.
Miacis is a small extinct carnivore of the family Miacidae. They were small mammals which lived in forests and climbed trees, and ate small prey. They had the ancestral mammalian number of 44 teeth. In later members the number of teeth began to be reduced.
"Miacis" had brains that were relatively larger than those of the creodonts. The larger brain size compared to body size suggests their behaviour was becoming more flexible, and possibly more intelligent.
The miacids lived 50 to 60 million years ago and were small omnivorous predators. According to one source, it preyed on smaller animals, such as small mammals, reptiles, and birds, and might have also have eaten eggs and fruits.
Some experts think it is a paraphyletic taxon. In other words, they think the name "Miacis" covers a number of different species.
State Route 99 (commonly known as Old Highway 99 or just 99) is a state highway in California, in the United States. It is about long, running from north to south in the Central Valley. It is parallel with Interstate 5. It begins at Interstate 5 near Wheeler Ridge, and continues north through the major cities of Bakersfield, Fresno, Chowchilla, Modesto, Stockon, Sacramento, Chico, and Red Bluff. Most of it is freeway, but some of it is still the historic rural two-lane road or a four-lane highway.
Pierce Brendan Brosnan (born 16 May 1953) is an Irish-American actor. Brosnan holds both Irish and American citizenship. He was born in Drogheda, County Louth. He used to play the part of James Bond. He played the roles of Mr. Brunner and Chiron in "", Stu Dunmeyer in "Mrs. Doubtfire", and was in "Mamma Mia!". In 2022, Brosnan played Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate in the DC Extended Universe film "Black Adam".
Daniel Wroughton Craig (born 2 March 1968) is an English television and movie actor and movie producer. He was born in Chester, Cheshire, England. He is the latest actor to play James Bond. Craig also plays Detective Benoit Blanc in "Knives Out" (2019) and its sequel (2022).
South Region, Brazil
The California Aqueduct is a system of aqueducts in the Central Valley in California, in the United States. It carries water from the Cascade Range about to southern California. Three major reservoirs are on the aqueduct: Bethany, Castaic, and Silverwood.
Orange County (established 1889) is one of the counties of California, in the United States. It is in southern California, along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Its county seat is Santa Ana, and its largest city is Irvine.
The county has 3,186,989 people, as of 2020, spread across just 948 square miles (2,455 square kilometers). It is the third most populous county in California. The west-flowing Santa Ana River divides the county into north and south parts. On the north, the San Gabriel River forms its border with Los Angeles County. Some other big cities include Anaheim, Orange, Huntington Beach, Fullerton and Irvine. The county is mostly residential.
The city was in Austria-Hungary, and the people who lived there were mainly German-speaking. Bohemia was transferred to the new state of Czechoslovakia after World War I. The existence of such German-speaking peoples outside of Germany was used by Hitler as a reason to invade the Sudetenland (the German-speaking part of Bohemia and Moravia), which Germany did in 1938. This was a result of the Munich Agreement. This event was a prelude to World War II.
Colusa County is a county in the U.S. state of California. It is by the Sacramento River, in the north part of the Central Valley. Its county seat is Colusa. As of 2020, it has 21,839 people. It covers about .
The San Gabriel River is a river in Los Angeles and Orange counties in the state of California. It is about long. It begins in the San Gabriel Mountains and flows southwest into the Los Angeles Basin, then flows into the Pacific Ocean near Long Beach and Seal Beach. Like the Los Angeles River, it is heavily polluted and is lined with concrete in many places.
Fantasia is the third animated movie produced by Walt Disney Productions. It was first released on November 13, 1940. It was originally released by itself instead of RKO Pictures, which was the distributor of Disney from "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", until "Peter Pan".
"Fantasia" contains eight classical music pieces. One of them is from Igor Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring". It tells the story of life on Earth until the extinction of the dinosaurs. Another famous work that appears in the movie is Johann Sebastian Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor for organ. The most famous classical music piece in this film is Paul Dukas, The Sorcerer's Apprentice. This is Mickey Mouse's most famous role.
The Santa Ana River is a major river in southern California, in the United States. It begins in San Bernardino County and flows west about to the Pacific Ocean, through Riverside and Orange counties. It has a watershed of 2,650 square miles (6,863 square kilometers). Its biggest tributaries include Lytle, Temescal, and Santiago Creeks. Like the Los Angeles and San Gabriel rivers to the north, it is lined with concrete in many places. A notable feature on the river is the Seven Oaks Dam, which, at tall, is the 6th tallest dam in the United States.
Bakersfield is a large city in the state of California, in the United States. It the county seat of Kern County, in the southern part of the Central Valley. In the 2020 census, 403,455 people lived there. As of 2020, Bakersfield is the 9th largest city in California, the 3rd largest inland city in California, and the 48th largest in the United States. It is also the 2nd largest in the United States that is not directly connected to an interstate. Agriculture, petroleum processing, and manufacturing are the main economy of the city.
About 85% of Shia Muslims are Twelvers. Most of them can be found in Iran (90%), Azerbaijan (85%), Bahrain (80%), Iraq (65%), Lebanon (35%), and Kuwait (35%). There are also minorities in Pakistan (20%), Afghanistan (18%), and Saudi Arabia (10-15%).
Interstate 91 is an interstate on the East Coast of the United States. It is long. Its south end is at New Haven, Connecticut, and its north end is at Derby Line, Vermont; near the Canadian border. The interstate follows the Connecticut River for much of its length.
The largest city on the Connecticut River is Springfield, Massachusetts. The second largest city is Hartford, Connecticut, the state capital of Connecticut. The two great cities are only 23.9 miles apart (38.5 km.)
In philately, a postage stamp block is a group of postage stamps attached to each other. Collectors may prefer gathering a complete block rather than separate postage stamps.
North Region, Brazil
Northeast India (officially North Eastern Region, NER) refers to the easternmost region of the Republic of India. When India became independent, it was split into the states that are now India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Northeast India lies to the east of Bangladesh.
It includes the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura, which are called the "seven sister states", and seldom also Sikkim.
The Hallertau or Holledau is an area in Bavaria, Germany. It is the biggest hop-planting area in the world. The hop is a plant which grows in the temperate ("mild") climate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. The female flowers, called hops, are used for making beer.
The belief has been known since Ancient Greece. (The approach has been an ongoing "theme in the history of western thought from the Ancient Greeks to the present day".) The term was used in the early 19th century by the philosopher and founding sociologist, Auguste Comte.
Comte believed in a three part model of human knowledge. He claimed that it had gone through phases. There was a religious worldview, and a metaphysical worldview before the scientific interpretation was considered. The positivistic method should, said Comte, no longer aim at a revealing ultimate causes. It should focus on how data are linked together. Scientists would simply interpret these correlations. Late 19th-century philosophers of the sciences from Heinrich Hertz to Ernst Mach discussed specific requirements of scientific theories and physical laws such as the predictability of results in experiments and the functionality of laws in computations.
The English noun "positivism" was re-imported in the 19th century from the French word , (which came from, or) derived from . "Positif" can mean 'imposed on the mind by experience'.
In its strongest original formulation, positivism could be thought of as a set of six principles:
This was an important development in early 20th century Vienna, led by Moritz Schlick and widened by Ludwig Wittgenstein. The logical positivists held that statements that cannot be proven true or false have no meaning. Thus statements like "There is a God" or "There is no God" are not true or false, but meaningless because they cannot be proven or disproven.
Norton Internet Security is a security program made by Symantec Corporation that protects computers from malware. It includes antivirus, firewall, e-mail filter, and phishing protection software. It also includes features like parental controls which can be downloaded as an add-on.
Norton Internet Security was available from a download, a box copy in a store, or from a company that is an OEM. Norton Internet Security and its sister product, Norton AntiVirus, combined, held 61% of the antivirus market in 2007. Major competitors in terms of market share include antivirus products from CA, Trend Micro, and Kaspersky Lab.
In August 1990 Symantec acquired Peter Norton Computing from Peter Norton. Norton and his company developed various utilities, or applications for DOS. Symantec continued the development of them. They were marketed under the name of "Norton", with the tagline "from Symantec". Norton's crossed-arm pose, a registered U.S. trademark, was featured on Norton product packaging. However, it was later moved to the spine of the packaging, and then dropped altogether.
Product activation was introduced to Norton Internet Security 2004, because of the estimated 3.6 million counterfeit Norton products sold. A alphanumeric code is generated to identify a computer's configuration, which ties in with the product key. Users are allowed to activate their product five times with the same product key. Spyware detection and removal was introduced to the 2005 version for Windows, with the tagline "Antispyware Edition". The tagline was dropped in later releases.
Existing users of the 2006, 2007, or 2008 versions could upgrade to the latest 2009 version without buying a new subscription. Upgrading preserved the number of days left on a user's subscription.
Norton Internet Security 2006 started on September 26, 2005. The main graphical user interface, dubbed the Norton Protection Center puts all information in a central location. CNET reported that the Norton Protection Center, while useful, attempts to advertise additional products and services from Symantec.
To help identify zero-day malware, Bloodhound technology disassembles and scans application code for possibly malicious instructions. Norton can revert Internet Explorer homepage hijacking attempts and block advertisements. Users are warned of unauthorized changes to Internet Explorer's homepage, and can revert such changes. Advertisement blocking rewrites a website's HTML to prevent advertisements from being displayed. E-mail filtering scans POP3 mail for spam. It can be configured using either a blacklist or a whitelist. Users can also correct Norton's classification of e-mail on an individual basis. Parental controls, bundled with this release, allow users to block specific sites, block certain programs from accessing the Internet, and restrict newsgroup access. Norton can block the transmission of confidential information. Users can enter information which are not to be communicated via instant messenger, e-mail, or webforms.
CNET noted this version's slowed system performance, especially when opening files across a network or on a removable disk. Oli Warner also noted Norton's significant drag when opening or creating files, compared to similar offerings from different vendors. PC Magazine noted the program's lengthy installation time and weak spam filtering feature; valid e-mail messages were marked as spam and actual spam e-mail were not.
Windows 98 compatibility was dropped from this release. System requirements were Windows 2000 Service Pack 3 or Windows XP, 325 Megabytes of free hard drive space, a 300 MHz processor, and 256 MB of RAM.
The 2007 version was released on September 12, 2006. 80% of the code was rewritten, with the goal of reducing demand on the system. A tabbed interface allows users to access the Norton Protection Center and the program settings without separate windows open. Symantec also extended its Veritas VxMS technology, enhancing rootkit detection. VxMS allows Norton to detect inconsistencies among files within directories and files at the volume level. Phishing detection was introduced in this release for Internet Explorer. Norton checks sites visited in Internet Explorer against a blacklist and analyzes sites' code. Other features include an exploit scanner which looks at system components commonly hosting vulnerabilities, such as Internet Explorer settings. Supplementing the scanner, real-time exploit protection blocks attackers from leveraging common browser and application vulnerabilities. When possible, Norton will fix issues found; otherwise the user is warned of the vulnerability. A startup application manager allows users to prevent applications from launching at login.
E-mail spam filtering, parental controls, advertisement blocking, and the information filtering features were not bundled with this release to reduce performance impact and disk space requirements. Instead, the features are available separately in a 2007 add-on package.
Windows 2000 compatibility was dropped from this release. Compatibility with 32-bit editions of Windows Vista was introduced later in this release with a patch from Symantec. When installed in Vista, 350 MB of free space, an 800 MHz processor, and 512 MB of RAM was needed. When installed in Windows XP, 350 MB of free space, a 300 MHz processor, and 256 MB of RAM was required.
The 2008 version was released on August 28, 2007. New features included SONAR and the Norton Identity Safe. SONAR was designed using technologies Symantec acquired from WholeSecurity. The Identity Safe supersedes the information filtering function, storing webform information and can fill such forms. The information filtering feature was still available in the 2008 add-on package, and could be used in conjunction with the Identity Safe. Phishing protection was integrated with Mozilla Firefox as well as Internet Explorer. The startup application manager was dropped from this release. Advertisement blocking was dropped from this release's add-on package.
When installed in 32-bit editions of Windows XP Service Pack 2, 350 MB of free space, a 300 MHz processor, and 256 MB of RAM was required. Support for 64-bit editions of Windows Vista was added in this release. 350 MB of free space, a 800 MHz processor, and 512 MB of RAM was required.
A single main interface replaced the tabs found in prior releases. New features included Norton Insight which whitelists files based on reputation, cutting scanning time. Virus signature updates are now delivered 5 to 15 minutes, supplementing the reliability tested updates issued by Symantec every several hours. However, such updates could incorrectly identify files as malicious, and users could elect not to receive those updates. Spam filtering was reintegrated in this release. The add-on package included information filtering and parental controls. The exploit scanner found in the 2007 and 2008 versions was dropped from this release.
System requirements call for a 32-bit edition of Windows XP, a 300 MHz processor, 256 MB of RAM and 200 MB of free space. When installed in a 32 or 64-bit edition of Windows Vista, an 800 MHz processor, 512 MB of RAM, and 200 MB of free space was required.
Notable new features included the integration of Norton Safe Web, a web rating service. Safe Web blocks access to malicious sites. Additionally, search results from major search engine, such as Google, are color coded for safety (green for safe site, yellow for possibly unsafe site, red for dangerous sites, and gray with a white question mark for untested sites). The toolbar redirects queries to the Ask.com search engine, however it does not share code with the Ask.com toolbar.
Norton Internet Security version 1.0 for Mac was released on November 1, 2000. It could identify and remove both Windows and Mac viruses. Other features included a firewall, advertisement blocking in the browser, parental controls, and the ability to prevent confidential information from being transmitted outside the computer. Users are prompted before such information is able to be transmitted. The incorporation of Aladdin Systems' iClean allows users to purge the browser cache, cookies, and browsing history within Norton's interface. Operating system requirements call for Mac OS 8.1. Hardware requirements call for 24 MB of RAM, 12 MB of disk space, and a PowerPC processor.
The subsequent release, version 3.0, maintained the feature set found in version 2.0. The firewall allocated internet access as needed rather than relying on user input using predefined rules. Compatibility with OS 8 was dropped. When running under OS 9.2, a PowerPC processor, 24 MB of RAM, and 25 MB of free space was required. Under OS X 10.1.5 through 10.3, a PowerPC G3, 128 MB of RAM, and 150 MB of free space is required. However, version 3.0 is not compatible with OS X 10.4, or "Tiger".
Version 4.0 was released on December 18, 2008. Symantec also marketed a bundle of Version 4.0 and the 2009 version for Windows, intended for users with both Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X installed. iClean was dropped from this release. The firewall blocked access to malicious sites using a blacklist updated by Symantec. To prevent attackers from leveraging insecurities in the Mac or installed software, exploit protection was introduced in this release. Phishing protection was introduced in this release as well. Operating system requirements call for Mac OS X 10.4.11 or higher. Either a PowerPC or Intel Core processor, 256 MB of RAM and 150 MB of free space are required.
The FBI confirmed the active development of Magic Lantern, a keylogger intended to obtain passwords to encrypted e-mail as part of a criminal investigation. Magic Lantern was first reported in the media by Bob Sullivan of MSNBC on 20 November 2001 and by Ted Bridis of the Associated Press. The FBI intended to deploy Magic Lantern in the form of an e-mail attachment. When the attachment was opened, it installed a trojan horse on the suspect's computer. The trojan horse is activated when the suspect uses PGP encryption, often used to increase the security of sent e-mail messages. When activated, the trojan horse will log the PGP password, which allows the FBI to decrypt user communications. Symantec and other major antivirus vendors whitelisted Magic Lantern, rendering their antivirus products, including Norton Internet Security, incapable of detecting Magic Lantern. Concerns include uncertainties about Magic Lantern's full potential and whether hackers could subvert it for purposes outside the jurisdiction of the law.
In 2006, Oli Warner published two articles comparing the system performance impact of various Windows applications, including Norton Internet Security 2006. He later reran the experiments, revising his methodology and included 2007 version at Symantec's request. Warner benchmarked the processor and the disk performance with and without each application, compiling two scripts in C++, a programming language. One calculated all prime numbers between 100,000 and 200,000 and the other tested file read/write time. BootVis was used to measure boot time. All testing was conducted inside a virtualized environment created by VMware. Despite the 2007 version's improvements, Warner noted its significant boot delay and impact on file operations.
Recent testing conducted by PassMark Software found the 2009 version had the least impact on system performance. As noted earlier, Symantec funded the testing and provided some of the scripts used. Warner's scripts were also used to test file read/write time. The second and third ranked suites were ESET Smart Security 2008 and Kaspersky Internet Security 2009, respectively. Systems were benchmarked with a clean installation of Windows Vista, then again with a security suite installed. The 2009 version had the least impact on boot time, the fastest scan speed, lowest memory utilization, and the program itself installed the fastest out of its competitors. However, the 2009 version had the second most impact on file read/write time.
Norton Internet Security (Windows versions) have been criticized for refusing to uninstall completely, leaving unnecessary files behind. Versions prior to 2009 installed a separate LiveUpdate program, which updated Norton-branded software. The user must uninstall both Norton Internet Security and the LiveUpdate component manually. The LiveUpdate component is purposely left behind to update other Norton-branded products, if present. In response, Symantec developed the Norton Removal Tool to remove leftover registry keys and values along with files and folders. Uninstallation will not remove subscription data, preserved to prevent users from installing multiple trial copies.
Dave Cole, Symantec's senior director of product management, acknowledged that users running Norton products were experiencing problems, but said the numbers are small. Cole also said that Symantec had done "extensive testing" of its products with Windows XP SP3, but this issue had not surfaced. Cole essentially blamed Microsoft, "This is related to XP SP3," he stated. Microsoft recommended users to contact Windows customer support. To resolve the problem, Symantec issued a fix intended for users before upgrading. Symantec also recommended disabling the tamper protection component in the 2008 release, dubbed SymProtect. A tool to remove the added registry entries is also available from Symantec.
Sarah Hicks, Symantec's vice president of consumer product management, voiced concern over Windows Vista 64-bit's PatchGuard feature. PatchGuard was designed by Microsoft to ensure the integrity of the kernel, a part of a operating system which interacts with the hardware. Rootkits often hide in an operating system's kernel, complicating removal. Mike Dalton, European president of McAfee said, "The decision to build a wall around the kernel with the assumption it can't be breached is ridiculous", claiming Microsoft was preventing security vendors from effectively protecting the kernel while promoting its own security product, Windows Live OneCare. Hicks said Symantec did not mind the competition from OneCare. Symantec later published a white paper detailing PatchGuard with instructions to obtain a PatchGuard exploit. After negotiations and investigations from antitrust regulators, Microsoft decided to allow security vendors access to the kernel by creating special API instructions.
The Ottauquechee River is a river in Vermont, in the eastern United States. It is a tributary to the Connecticut River, and is about long. It begins in the Green Mountains, and flows through the counties of Rutland County and Windsor County, flowing into the Connecticut River in the town of Hartland. There is one hydroelectric dam on the river, which forms a lake called North Hartland Lake.
San Diego Creek is a small northwest-flowing river in Orange County, California. It is about long and its watershed covers 112.2 square miles (291 square kilometers) in three cities. Its source is in the Coast Range, but several of its tributaries begin in the Santa Ana Mountains and flow west to the creek. San Diego Creek flows into Upper Newport Bay, a branch of Newport Bay and eventually the Pacific Ocean.
Ragdoll Productions Limited, or simply Ragdoll, is a British television production company founded in 1984 by Anne Wood, who had previously worked for Yorkshire Television and TV-am. It is located in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, and has produced a number of children's programmes, most notably "Pob's Programme", "Teletubbies", "Rosie and Jim", "Brum", "Boohbah", "Tots TV", and "In the Night Garden...," most of which are now owned by WildBrain.
The following are some of Ragdoll's productions before the company was founded, accompanied by a brief description and vital statistics: