adityasasidhar/Wikipedia_Cleaned huggingface dataset:
Captain Blood is a 1935 American romantic adventure movie directed by Michael Curtiz and was based on the 1922 novel of the same name by Rafael Sabatini. It stars Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, Ross Alexander, Hobart Cavanaugh and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for 5 Academy Awards in 1936.
Anthony Adverse is a 1936 American romantic adventure drama movie directed by Mervyn LeRoy and was based on the 1933 novel of the same name by Hervey Allen. It stars Fredric March, Olivia de Havilland, Claude Rains, Rollo Lloyd, Edmund Gwenn, Anita Louise, Donald Woods and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for 7 Oscars and won 4 Academy Awards in 1937.
Dodsworth is a 1936 American drama movie directed by William Wyler and was based on the 1929 novel by Sinclair Lewis and 1934 play of the same name by Sidney Howard. It stars Walter Huston, Ruth Chatterton, Paul Lukas, Mary Astor, David Niven, Gregory Gaye and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for 7 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1937.
Prinze was born in New York City to Edward Karl Pruetzel and Aurea Elana Ruiz. His father was German and his mother was Puerto Rican.
Semitic languages: Maltese
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town is a 1936 American romantic comedy drama movie directed by Frank Capra and was based on the 1935 short story "Opera Hat" by Clarence Budington Kelland. It stars Gary Cooper, Jean Arthur, George Bancroft, Lionel Stander, Douglass Dumbrille, John Wray, Ruth Donnelly and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 5 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1937 and was spun off into a TV series in 1969 and remade in 2002.
Slovak Americans are Americans of Slovak descent. In the 1990 Census, Slovak Americans made up the third-largest portion of Slavic ethnic groups. There are currently about 790,000 people of Slovak descent living in the United States.
The Great Ziegfeld is a 1936 American musical drama movie directed by Robert Z. Leonard and starring William Powell, Myrna Loy, Luise Rainer, Frank Morgan, Fanny Brice, Virginia Bruce, Reginald Owen, Ray Bolger, Harriet Hoctor. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 7 Oscars and won 3 Academy Awards in 1937. It was followed up by "Ziegfeld Girl" in 1941 and "Ziegfeld Follies" in 1946.
Ziegfeld Girl is a 1941 American musical movie directed by Robert Z. Leonard and Busby Berkley. It stars James Stewart, Judy Garland, Hedy Lamarr, Lana Turner, Tony Martin, Jackie Cooper, Eve Arden and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
A Tale of Two Cities is a 1935 American romance drama movie directed by Jack Conway and Robert Z. Leonard. It was based on the 1859 novel of the same name by Charles Dickens and starring Ronald Coleman, Elizabeth Allan, Edna May Oliver, Reginald Owen, Basil Rathbone, Donald Woods, Blanche Yurka, Mitchell Lewis. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1937.
Three Smart Girls is a 1936 American romantic musical comedy movie directed by Henry Koster and starring Binnie Barnes, Charles Winninger, Alice Brady, Ray Milland, Mischa Auer, Ernest Cossart, Lucile Watson. It was distributed by Universal Pictures and was nominated for 3 Academy Awards in 1937. It was followed up by two sequels "Three Smart Girls Grow Up" in 1939 and "Hers to Hold" in 1943.
Yara Abou Monsef (; born 31 May 1996) is a Lebanese model, actress, and social media personality. She is known as a content creator and women empowerment influencer. She started actively posting content on the social video sharing app, TikTok, in early 2019, where she quickly amassed a large following, Her TikTok account as of August 2020 has half million followers and counting ,
Montebelluna is a city and "comune" in Veneto, Italy, about northwest of Venice. It has a population of 32,000.
The Amazon river dolphin, boto, bufeo or pink dolphin ("Inia geoffrensis") is one of five species of river dolphin. The Amazon river dolphin lives in the Amazon River and Orinoco River. It is greyish pink in color. It is endangered because of dams and water pollution, especially mercury pollution.
The Tramp ("Charlot" in several languages), also known as The Little Tramp, was British actor Charlie Chaplin's most well-known character on-screen. The Tramp has become an icon in world cinema. The character was popular during the era of silent movies.
Kid Auto Races at Venice (also known as The Pest) is a 1914 American movie starring Charlie Chaplin. The movie is known for being the first appearance of Chaplin's well known Little Tramp" character.
Jennifer Rene Psaki (; born December 1, 1978) is an American political advisor. She was the 34th White House Press Secretary from January 20, 2021 until May 13, 2022.
In November 2020, Joe Biden announced Psaki his pick for White House Press Secretary. She told Biden that she would be press secretary until 2022, only a year into her term. On April 1, 2022, "Axios" reported that Psaki would likely leave the White House "around May" for a job with MSNBC.
On May 5, 2022, the White House announced she would be leaving the role on May 13, 2022 and named her principal deputy, Karine Jean-Pierre, as her replacement.
Neera Tanden (born September 10, 1970) is an American political consultant and lawyer. She was president of the Center for American Progress from 2003 to 2021. During the Barack Obama presidency, Tanden helped create the Affordable Care Act. In May 2021, she became a Senior Advisor to President Joe Biden.
It was announced on May 5, 2023, that Tanden would replace outgoing Susan Rice as Director of the United States Domestic Policy Council.
Cecilia Elena Rouse (born December 18, 1963) is an American economist. She was the 30th Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers from 2021 to 2023 under the Joe Biden administration. In 2012, she became dean of the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University.
In November 2022, it was announced that Rouse would be leaving her position as Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers following the 2022 midterms. In February 2023, Jared Bernstein was nominated as her successor by President Biden.
Katherine Joan Bedingfield (born October 29, 1981) is an American communications director and political campaign manager. She was the White House Communications Director for the Biden administration from 2021 to 2023.
In early July 2022, Chief of Staff Ron Klain said that Bedingfield would leave her role as White House Communications Director "in the coming weeks." However a few weeks later, Bedingfield changed her decision and decided to stay in the role.
In February 2023, Bedingfield announced that she would leave the administration at the end of the month.
Gerald Monroe Rafshoon (born January 11, 1934) is an American television producer and political operative. He is one of the four founding members of Unity08, and was the White House Communications Director under the presidency of Jimmy Carter from 1978 to 1979.
David Richmond Gergen (born May 9, 1942) is an American political commentator. He was a presidential adviser during the administrations of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton. He is a senior political analyst for CNN. Gergen is a professor of public service and he was the first director of the Center for Public Leadership at the Harvard Kennedy School.
Farmingville is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 14,983 at the 2020 census.
East Farmingdale is a hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 6,617 at the 2020 census.
Elissa Blair Slotkin (born July 10, 1976) is an American politician. She is the U.S. Representative since 2019. Slotkin is a member of the Democratic Party.
In February 2023, Slotkin announced her decision to run for the U.S. Senate in 2024.
She was appointed as administrator in 2017 by President Donald Trump. She was criticized for her actions after the 2020 presidential election in delaying the start of the transition to a Joe Biden administration after Biden won the election on November 7.
Pearson's correlation is a mathematical formula used to calculate correlation coefficients between two datasets. Most computer programs have a command to calculate this such as CORREL(dataset x: dataset y). You can calculate this by...
Purna Swaraj, or "total independence," was a document written by the Indian National Congress session at Lahore ,Punjab The Former Capital of the Undivided Punjab in December 19, 1929. It said that India should be separate from the British Empire. Purna Swaraj was announced on January 26, 1930. This is one reason why January 26 is India's Republic Day.
Michael D. Dubke (born April 18, 1970) is an American entrepreneur and political aide. He was the White House Communications Director for U.S. President Donald Trump until his resignation on June 2, 2017.
Hamburg is a village in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 9,696 at the 2020 census.
Hamburg is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 60,085.
The Whitewater controversy, Whitewater scandal, or simply Whitewater, was an American political controversy during the 1990s. It began with an investigation into the real estate investments of Bill and Hillary Clinton in the Whitewater Development Corporation. Neither Bill Clinton nor Hillary Clinton were ever prosecuted, after three separate inquiries found lack of evidence linking them with the criminal conduct.
Hypogamy is marrying someone considered to be of lower economic or social class or caste. Hypogamy has been found to be practiced more by men than by women. For men power and control is the one of the strongest attainments and what often leads them to pursue a hypogamous relationship. The idea of power and control is made possible by the gender roles and expectations that society has instilled in both men and women. Societal institutions have created deeply rooted systematic differences between men and women and an idea of how far women can go socially, professionally, and economically. Immigration and citizenship have influenced the goal of marriage, consequentially creating hypogamy on the personal level.
Moldovan Americans are Americans who are from Moldova or are descended from Moldovans. According to the U.S. 2000 census, there were 7,859 Moldovan Americans in the United States. However, the American Community Survey indicated that the number of Moldovan immigrants greatly increased over the years, and in 2014 exceeded 40,000 people in the United States. Most Moldovan Americans are Eastern Orthodox.
The adult male frog is 55 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 65 mm long. It has disks on its toes for climbing. Its belly is white or almost white. Its back is green, yellow or green-yellow. It can change color. It has two dark stripes, one on each side of its head. The stripe starts at the nose and goes over the eye and ear to the shoulder.
The beginning and the duration of the reproductive period are very different. In southern France it extends from April to June, in Portugal from December to January (and later), in North Africa from March to April, in Tenerife from December to May. Sometimes she experiences an interruption due to bad weather. This is not uncommon for the Mediterranean tree frogs of the Camargue, France, when the mistral brings cold air from the Massif Central to the coast and causes a sudden fall in the weather there. Female frogs lay eggs on groups of plants near the edge of a body of water. The tadpoles hatch after eight to ten days. The very largest tadpoles grow to 5.5 cm long. They become frogs after three or four months. The frogs eat insects and insect-like animals, for example spiders.
Azerbaijani Americans () or Azeri Americans () are Americans of the Azerbaijani ancestry from Azerbaijan and Iranian Azerbaijan region or people possessing Azerbaijani, Iranian, and/or American citizenship. Most Azerbaijani Americans have immigrated to the United States from Azerbaijan, Iran, Germany, Georgia, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine.
Lebanese Americans () are Americans of Lebanese descent. This includes both those who are native to the United States as well as Lebanese immigrants to America.
Crushers are machines used to reduce the size of rocks, stones and ore. They are often utilized in aggregates production, construction material recycling and in mining operations.
There are four traditional types of crushers in materials engineering. They are known as jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, cone crushers and roll crushers. The first two crushers mentioned are the most common when it comes to mineral processing. Roll crushers are a relatively new type of crusher and they are just starting to become more and more popular in mineral processing.
Cone Crushers are compression-type crushers that are typically found in secondary crushing stages but can be used as the primary crusher in certain applications. They handle medium hard to very hard, abrasive materials that can be dry or wet but not sticky. Cone Crushers are typically found in quarried materials and sand and gravel applications.
The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in 2021. For deaths in each month, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.
Deaths in June 2021
Deaths in July 2021
The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in July 2021. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.
Deaths in August 2021
The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in August 2021. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.
Deaths in September 2021
The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in September 2021. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.
Deaths in October 2021
The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in October 2021. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.
Deaths in November 2021
The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in November 2021. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.
Each listing of death, must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in December 2021
The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in December 2021. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.
E = Reduction potential or voltage of the electrochemical cell. In SI units, the voltage counts the one kilogram blocks you have to push one meter for each 6.2x10 electrons you move across the cell. In a perfect world, every time a 9 volt battery moves 6.2x10 electrons, we could harness the slow-moving electrons to move 9 blocks one meter.
F = Faraday constant. It is equal to the charge carried by 1 mole of electrons. Faraday constant = 96,485.3329 s Ampere/mole.
A penumbral lunar eclipse took place on 30 November 2020. It was visible mainly in North America with visibility reaching to some other places such as parts of South America and Asia.
DeepMind Technologies is a UK based artificial intelligence company and research laboratory founded in September 2010. It was bought by Google in 2014. The company merged with Google AI's Google Brain division to become Google DeepMind in April 2023.
Sandy is a city in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, located in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. The population of Sandy was 96,904 at the 2020 census.
The Gillette Stadium is a stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts. It is the home stadium of NFL team New England Patriots and MLS team New England Revolution.
Thomas and the Magic Railroad is a 2000 British-American live-action/animated fantasy adventure movie based on "Thomas the Tank Engine" and "Shining Time Station". The Fat Controller is on holiday while Thomas the Tank Engine and his friends were working hard .
Scary Movie 2 is an American comedy movie. It is a parody of horror movies. It is directed by Keenen Ivory Wayans. It stars Anna Faris Regina Hall, Marlon Wayans and Shawn Wayans. It was released to mixed reviews on July 7, 2001.
Ananke means personification of fate in Greek mythology.
A general election was held on 9 April 1992 to elect all 651 members to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Conservative Party won the election, winning 336 seats, and John Major stayed as Prime Minister. Many people thought that the Labour Party would win the election because opinion polls had shown them to be ahead.
A general election was held on 11 June 1987 to elect all 650 members to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Conservative Party won the election, winning 376 seats, and Margaret Thatcher stayed as Prime Minister for the third election in a row. The Labour Party won 20 more seats than the last election, mostly from the Conservatives.
A general election was held on 9 June 1983 to elect all 650 members to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Conservative Party won by the largest majority since Labour in the 1945 general election. It meant that Margaret Thatcher stayed as Prime Minister.
Omnisexuality is a sexual orientation. A person who is omnisexual can be attracted to all genders. Gender will usually play a role in the person's attraction. It can be seen as a form of multisexuality, or non-monosexuality.
Omnisexuality can be described as being under the umbrella of bisexuality. It is similar to, but distinctly different from pansexuality. Omnisexuality is the attraction to all genders, but gender will play a role in that attraction.
The Iberian tree frog or Moller's tree frog ("Hyla molleri") is a frog from Europe. Scientists saw it in Spain, Portugal and France.
"My Grandfather's Clock" is a song written by Henry Clay Work in 1876. He also wrote "Marching Through Georgia". British brass bands and colliery bands play "My Grandfather's Clock". Bluegrass musicians also play it.
The "Oxford English Dictionary" says the name "grandfather clock" comes from this song. Before that, grandfather clocks were called "longcase clocks". In 1905, Harry Macdonough and the Haydn Quartet (known then as the "Edison Quartet") made the first recording of this song that people know about.
The song was performed and translated many times. In the Czech version, sung by the country band Taxmeni, the song continues with an additional, joyful part, narrating further events in the grandson's life: the birth of his son and the purchase of a new clock on the same day, to maintain the family tradition.
Lithuanian Americans refers to American citizens and residents who are Lithuanian and were born in Lithuania, or are of Lithuanian descent. New Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has the largest percentage of Lithuanian Americans (20.8%) in the United States. Lithuanian Americans form by far the largest group within the Lithuanian diaspora.
Abdur Rahman Khan was Emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901. He is known for uniting the country after years of internal fighting and negotiation of the Durand Line Agreement with British India. Abdur Rahman Khan was the first child and only son of Mohammad Afzal Khan, and grandson of Dost Mohammad Khan.
The Town of Southold is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 23,732 at the 2020 census.
Southold is a census-designated place (CDP) that is in the Town of Southold in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The CDP population was 6,040 at the 2020 census.
Dolichostyrax longipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1913 and is known from Borneo.
Sabrina Ferilli (born 28 June 1964) is an Italian actress. She played Ramona in the 2013 movie "The Great Beauty".
Hyla orientalis (also known as the oriental tree frog, eastern tree frog, Caucasian tree frog or Shelkovnikov's tree frog) is a frog from both Europe and Asia. Scientists saw it in Turkey, Romania, Poland, Ukraine, Georgia, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Armenia. It may also live in Greece.
A dewberry ("Rubus caesius") is a type of berry. It is similar to a blackberry. Dewberries are very dark blue.
Flash (camera)
It's currently unknown if there will be another Scrat short but since the character is very popular it's most likely there will be at least another one. If there will be a new short film it will probably not be a direct continuation of this short as the shorts follows the "no-continuity" rule of the Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner episodes.
Spider-Man: Friend or Foe
Romance is a 1930 American drama movie directed by Clarence Brown and is the second version of the 1913 play of the same name by Edward Sheldon. It stars Greta Garbo, Lewis Stone, Gavin Gordon, Elliott Nugent, Florence Lake, Clara Blandick and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1930.
The Divorcee is a 1930 American drama movie directed by Robert Z. Leonard and was based on the 1929 novel "Ex-Wife" by Ursula Parrott. It stars Norma Shearer, Chester Morris, Conrad Nagel, Robert Montgomery, Florence Eldridge, Helene Millard, Mary Doran and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 4 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1930.
Disraeli is a 1929 American historical drama movie directed by Alfred E. Green and is the third version of the 1911 play of the same name by Louis N. Parker. It stars George Arliss, Doris Lloyd, Joan Bennett, Florence Arliss, Anthony Bushell and was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was nominated 3 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1930.
Malaya is a 1949 American World War II adventure movie directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Spencer Tracy, James Stewart, Sydney Greenstreet, Lionel Barrymore, DeForest Kelley, Roland Winters, Richard Loo. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
The Utah Kid is a 1930 American western movie directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Rex Lease, Boris Karloff, Dorothy Sebastian, Mary Carr, Lafe McKee, Walter Miller. It was distributed by Tiffany Pictures.
Williams died on December 1, 2020, in Devon, Pennsylvania at the age of 84.
Devon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Easttown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,580 at the 2020 census.
Dead End is a 1937 American crime drama movie directed by William Wyler and was based on the 1935 play of the same name by Sidney Kingsley. It stars Sylvia Sidney, Humphrey Bogart, Joel McCrea, Wendy Barrie, Claire Trevor, Allen Jenkins, Ward Bond, Esther Dale, Charles Halton and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1938.
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) inflames the sacroiliac joints located between the base of the spine and pelvis from there the disease starts and gradually captures the entire spinal cord and there is complete tilt in the body. Some of the bones in the spine fuse, this fusing makes the spine less flexible. If ribs are affected, it can be difficult to breathe deeply.
If the pain in the back bone is more than 3 months and the stiffness is more on getting up in the morning, then we should see the rheumatologist as soon as possible.
In this disease, the bones of the spine are completely fused, ie, the bones joining in this disease become one bone in 8-10 years, due to which the patient can get up, sit, walk, bend, twist of the neck. shuts down and all day-to-day activities are affected.
What are ankylosing spondylitis causes?
The First Degree is a 1923 American drama movie directed by Edward Sedgwick and was based on the 1914 short story "The Summons" by George Pattullo. It stars Frank Mayo, Sylvia Breamer, Philo McCullough and was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Maker of Men is a 1931 American drama movie directed by Edward Sedgwick and starring Jack Holt, Richard Cromwell, Joan Marsh, John Wayne, Natalie Moorhead. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Brighton Rock is a 1947 British crime thriller movie directed by John Boulting and was based on the 1938 novel of the same name by Graham Greene. It stars Richard Attenborough, Hermione Baddeley, Carol Marsh, William Hartnell, Wylie Watson, George Carney, Alan Wheatley. It was remade in 2010.
River of No Return is a 1954 American western movie directed by Otto Preminger and Jean Negulesco. It stars Robert Mitchum, Marilyn Monroe, Tommy Rettig, Rory Calhoun and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Giovo () is a "comune" (municipality) in Trentino, located about northeast of Trento in northern Italy.
QAnon's supporters have accused many liberal Hollywood actors, Democratic politicians, and high-ranking government officials of being members of the cabal.
Former followers of the group have criticized it for vandalism of stores and general antisocial behavior.
Members of the movement actively took part in the 2020 U.S. presidential election, during which they supported Donald Trump's campaign. After Joe Biden won, they were involved in efforts to overturn the results of the election. Many of the QAnon followers attacked the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, which caused many media websites to track down and block QAnon information and members from spreading.
The murder of Seth Rich happened on Sunday, July 10, 2016, at 4:20 a.m. in Washington, D.C. Rich died about an hour and a half after receiving two gunshot wounds to the back. He was murdered by unknown people for unknown reasons, but police suspected he had been the victim of an attempted robbery.
Hot Jupiters are a class of gas giant exoplanets that are physically similar to Jupiter but have very short orbital periods (). They are close to their stars, with high surface-atmosphere temperatures. Hot Jupiters are usually tidally locked.
Hot Jupiters are the easiest extrasolar planets to detect by the radial-velocity method. The oscillations of their parent stars' motion are large and rapid compared to those of other types of planets. These oscillations are caused by the planet orbiting its star in the line of sight of the Earth.
Since it seems that they are common, that raises the question of why the Solar System has its largest planet so far from its star. This led astronomers to think the Earth's Jupiter was first much closer to the Sun, and moved out later to its present orbit.
One of the best-known hot Jupiters is . Discovered in 1995, it was the first extrasolar planet found orbiting a Sun-like star. has an orbital period of about 4 days.
Hyla felixarabica
The Arabian tree frog ("Hyla felixarabica") is a frog from the Middle East. Scientists saw it in Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria and Lebanon.
"Krusty the Clown" is the 8th episode of the 30th season of "The Simpsons". It was first shown on the Fox network on November 25, 2018.
"Separate Vocations" is the 18th episode of the 3th season of The Simpsons. It was first shown on television on February 27, 1992.
Belgian Americans are Americans who can trace their ancestry to immigrants from Belgium who emigrated to the United States. While the first natives of the then-Southern Netherlands arrived in America in the 17th century, most of the Belgian immigrants arrived during the 19th and 20th centuries.
The Human Rights Party was a socialist political party in Michigan. It existed from the year 1970 to the mid-1970s around Ann Arbor.
Unmarried is a 1939 American drama movie directed by Kurt Neumann and starring Helen Twelvetrees, Buck Jones, Donald O'Connor, Virginia Vale, Larry Crabbe, Robert Armstrong. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Three Girls Lost is a 1931 American drama movie directed by Sidney Lanfield and starring Loretta Young, Lew Cody, John Wayne, Paul Fix, Ward Bond, Joan Marsh, Joyce Compton, George Beranger. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Half Angel is a 1936 American comedy movie directed by Sidney Lanfield and starring Frances Dee, Brian Donlevy, Charles Butterworth, Helen Westley, Henry Stephenson, Sara Haden, Julius Tannen. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Starship is a rocket made by the American company SpaceX. The rocket is made out of stainless steel. The rocket is made of two stages: Super Heavy and Starship. Both of these stages can be used again. This is unusual for a rocket. The rocket is expected to lift of people and things to orbit. It is expected to travel to the Moon. It is expected to serve space tourists, and also help humans going to Mars.
In 2023, Starship became the tallest and the most powerful rocket ever flown.
In September 2019, Starship Mk1 (Mark 1) was the first built Starship. The next vehicle, named Mk2, was built in Florida five months later. Mk1 failed [testing at cold temperature, or] the cryogenic proof test. It did not fly.
Mk2 was recycled. It did not fly.
Mk3's name changed to SN1 (serial number 1). On 28 February 2020, SN1 crushed itself during a cryogenic proof test. It is because of a leak in the bottom tank. On 8 March 2020, SN2's tank completed its only cryogenic proof test. On 3 April 2020, during the SN3 cryogenic proof test, a valve leaked liquid nitrogen inside its bottom tank. This causes the vehicle to lose pressure and crush itself. On 29 May 2020, SN4 had its fifth successful static fire test. But, after the test, the connected propellant pipe made SN4 explode.
On 4 August 2020, SN5 completed a flight with one Raptor. The rocket went to before coming down. It is the first Starship spacecraft to complete a flight intact. On 24 August 2020, SN6 repeated SN5's flight and did not explode.
SN8 was the first complete Starship. In October and November 2020, SN8 survived four static fire tests. The first, second, and fourth tests were successful, but the third test failed. In the third test, SN8's Raptors destroyed the mount. The concrete layer melted, splashed, and hit a Raptor.
On 9 December 2020, the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) warned SN8 could explode if it was flown as planned. SpaceX ignored its warnings. SN8 then flew up, making it the first Starship to fly. It goes as high as , then comes back down. While landing, SN8's methane header tank did not pump enough methane to the Raptors. This causes one engine to burn itself. So, SN8 hit the ground fast and exploded.
On 2 February 2021, SN9 flew high. During the landing, a Raptor does not work. So, SN9 lands at an angle and exploded as well. On 3 March 2021, SN10 repeated SN9's flight. It then landed with all Raptors working. But, because SN10 was damaged, it blew up eight minutes later. On 8 March 2021, the first Super Heavy booster named BN1 (booster number 1) was finished.
On 30 March 2021, SN11 exploded in dense fog. No one knows why it exploded. A possible explanation is that a Raptor burned SN11's computer. This could let too much propellant flow into the engine's turbopump. When the engine is lit, the pressure inside the chamber is too much, making SN11 explode.
SpaceX did not finish SN12, SN13, SN14. Their improvements were added to SN15 instead. On 5 May 2021, SN15 flew the same flight and landed. It did not explode after launch. On 20 July 2021, BN3 static fired for the only time.
Around July 2021, SpaceX started using the word "Ship" instead of "SN" for Starship spacecrafts. "Booster" instead of "BN" is another name for the Super Heavy boosters.
Super Heavy and Starship must pass many tests before launch. Firstly, they are filled with nitrogen gas to check for leaks. Then, cold liquid nitrogen fills and drains from Starship and Super Heavy to check the tanks' strength. Finally, propellant fills their tanks, and the Raptor engines are fired.
Since 2005, SpaceX has been working on ideas similar to Starship. The company then checks the design with a series of tests: from flying high in July 2019, to flying high in May 2021.
SpaceX tried to do an Orbital test flight in April 2023.
In April 2023, a booster rocket and a spacecraft launched. 1 minute 25 seconds into the launch, the booster and the spacecraft could not be steered. The flight continued up to altitude of 39 kilometres (24 mi), then began to tumble. The flight did not reach orbit.
At about 27 seconds into the flight, SpaceX lost communications with another engine.
The flight passed max q.
1 minute 25 seconds into the launch, SpaceX lost thrust vector control and therefore the ability to steer the rocket.
The flight came up to altitude of 39 kilometres (24 mi), then began to tumble.
At 29 kilometres (18 mi), about four minutes after liftoff, the (onboard) Autonomous flight safety system destroyed the booster and the Starship. (One source says that "a self-destruct mechanism" was triggered.) The time from the triggering to disintegration (or destruction), was 40 seconds. That time is supposed to be much shorter.
SpaceX tried to do an Orbital test flight in November 2023; The spaceship and booster separated. The spaceship came to an altitude of 148 km (92 mi). The spaceship was supposed to fly for 90 minutes, but at 8 minutes 4 seconds of flight, the (onboard) Autonomous flight safety system (or "flight termination system") started the process of destroying the spaceship, and shortly after that the spaceship blew up. By that time SpaceX had lost communications with the spacecraft. The flight did not reach orbit.
The flight of the spaceship: At 40 minutes and 46 seconds (into the flight), "Raptor in-space relight demo" was supposed to happen. That relight of Raptor (engine) did not happen because the spaceship [seemed to roll too much, or] "due to vehicle roll rates".
The spaceship came to an altitude of 145 miles. "SpaceX lost contact with" the spaceship when it was coming from Space, and into the Earth's atmosphere, or during re-entry, according to media.
The landing of the booster stage (or SuperHeavy) was not a success; It reached the surface (of the Gulf of Mexico), at too high speed.
One of the names of the flight, is "integrated flight test 3", or IFT-3. The test flight was on March 14, 2024. (Related page, Low Earth orbit)
Before launch, liquid oxygen and liquid methane fill the tanks of the booster rocket and the spaceship.
Engine chill begins on the booster, at 19 minutes 40 seconds before liftoff (as of 2023's first quarter). This is to protect the engine's turbopumps from thermal shock.
The thirty-three engines startup-sequence begins, at eight seconds before liftoff.
33 Raptor engines fire and lift the rocket up. Super Heavy and Starship will then separate. After that, the Starship spacecraft boosts itself into orbit. The booster then descends and lands on the launch tower's arms. When Starship lands, the spacecraft will glide using its flaps. At the last few seconds, the spacecraft flips up and lands.
Starship has two parts: the Super Heavy booster and the Starship spacecraft. Both Super Heavy and Starship should be able to land and launch many times quickly. That is the reason why the Starship rocket is often called a fully-reusable rocket. As of November 2021, no other rockets except Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy's booster can do this. Most of the rocket is made from SAE 304 stainless steel, the most common type.
A Starship spacecraft lifts off (from Earth) on top of a booster. The spacecraft is supposed to carry of cargo to low Earth orbit. The Space Shuttle could only carry to the International Space Station, however.
Below the spacecraft is a tall Super Heavy booster rocket. This booster can hold about of propellant. Super Heavy and Starship's propellants are liquid methane and liquid oxygen. The booster is made from stainless steel rings. These rings are thick, tall, and diameter.
At the bottom of the booster are 33 Raptor rocket engines. They can make of thrust, twice more than the Saturn V. The thrust speeds up the rocket to .
On top of the booster are four boxes containing fins in a grid pattern. These boxes are usually called grid fins, like those of the Falcon 9. Grid fins rotate to control and guide the booster while falling from the sky. When the booster comes back closer to Earth - just a few kilometers or miles above ground - the booster fires its engines and lands on the tower arms, which will 'catch' it.
SpaceX [had or] has two Super Heavy booster rockets, that have not been retired or scrapped (as of 2023's second quarter). They have not gone through the static fire test. However, in November 2023, a Super Heavy booster rocket was destroyed during a test flight.
The number of weeks that it takes to (put together or) assemble a Super Heavy booster: In 2021 it took 6 weeks to put together "Booster 3".
On top of the booster sits a tall Starship spacecraft. The spacecraft can hold about of propellant. Its propellant is the same as Super Heavy's, which are liquid methane and liquid oxygen. The Starship spacecraft is made from stainless steel rings, similar to Super Heavy.
At the bottom of the spacecraft are six rocket engines. Three of them are regular Raptor engines; three others are Raptor Vacuum engines. These regular Raptor engines work inside the air, while Raptor Vacuum engines work inside the vacuum.
There are two kinds of propellant tanks inside Starship: these are main tanks and header tanks. The main tanks store propellant for almost all functions of the spacecraft. However, when Starship lands, it uses its header tanks instead.
There are four flaps that connect to Starship's body. Two large flaps are at the bottom of the spacecraft, and two small flaps are at the top of the spacecraft. They are made from stainless steel sheets and bend to a trapezoid shape. The flaps can control Starship's falling speed and direction.
A black heat shield covers one side of the spacecraft. The heat shield is made from ceramic hexagon tiles and sheets of ceramic wool. They help to protect Starship from hot plasma, made when the spacecraft enters Earth's atmosphere. Starship's heat shield could be durable and used many times.
Starship HLS (Starship Human Landing System) is supposed to land astronauts on the Moon during the Artemis program. It can take propellant from other Starships to have more range. The spacecraft would not have a heat shield or body flaps. However, it will have solar panels and landing engines. Starship HLS can be fueled and connected to the Orion spacecraft.
Both Super Heavy and Starship have SpaceX's Raptor rocket engines at the bottom. Each engine can make about of thrust. It has a full-flow staged combustion cycle design and burns liquid methane with liquid oxygen.
Also at the bottom of the Starship spacecraft are the Raptor Vacuum engines. They are Raptor engines with larger nozzles. The Raptor Vacuum only works in space and is more efficient than the normal Raptor engine. The Raptor 2 engine is the next generation of the Raptor and Raptor Vacuum engines. They will be used in Super Heavy and Starship sometime in the future.
This is how a full-flow staged combustion cycle engine works. First, liquid methane and oxygen flow into the engine's turbopumps. The turbopumps increase the liquids' pressure. Then, the methane and oxygen evaporate into hot gases in two preburners. One preburner gets more methane, and another gets more oxygen. The gas then turns the turbines and turbopumps by a shaft. These spinning turbines and turbopumps pump more propellant to the engine. This hot and mixed gas is then burned in a combustion chamber. Finally, the engine nozzle directs the ignited gas to make thrust.
Raptor engines will be made in a new factory at McGregor. Both the Raptor Vacuum and Raptor 2 are going to be made in another factory at Hawthorne.
On 16 April 2021, NASA (a government agency) selected Starship HLS as the Moon lander for the Artemis program. The other options were the Integrated Lander Vehicle by the National Team and Dynetics HLS by the Dynetics company. NASA then awarded SpaceX $2.89 billion to make Starship HLS. NASA wants Starship HLS to do a landing on the Moon without humans first. Then, Starship will send astronauts for the Artemis 3 mission.
The dearMoon project has no date for launch (as of 2022). In 2018, Japanese entrepreneur Yusaku Maezawa announced that private space mission. Its crew are Maezawa himself and eight other people. The plan is to use Starship as the main spacecraft. The spacecraft is supposed to take them toward the Moon, circle around it, and then return back to Earth.
In January 2022, SpaceX got a $102 million five-year contract to develop the Rocket Cargo program for the United States Space Force.
Point-to-point flights (called "Earth to Earth" flights by SpaceX), is the idea of traveling anywhere on Earth in under an hour. John Logsdon, an academic on space policy and history, said point-to-point travel is unrealistic, as [the people on board and] the craft would switch between weightlessness to 5 "g" of acceleration.
SpaceX wants to start Mars colonization and terraforming. It would do so by sending humans to Mars. Musk's life goal is to ensure that humans are still around after a mass extinction on Earth. He also talked about Starships going to Enceladus, Europa, Pluto, and the Oort cloud. The Starship rocket on those missions could launch from Mars.
SpaceX thinks sending humans to Mars needs many steps. First, some Starships might carry many important things to Mars' surface. Inside them are fertilizer factories, propellant factories, and building materials. The propellant factory takes in carbon dioxide from Mars's air and hydrogen from the ice below. Then, the factory uses the Sabatier reaction. Hydrogen reacts with carbon dioxide with hydrogen to create methane and oxygen. Methane and oxygen are Starship's propellants. Filled up with the factory's methane and oxygen, Starship can return from Mars back to Earth. Building materials are used to make domes. They protect farmland from Mars's weather and atmosphere.
Musk has guessed that a city with a million people on Mars is enough to keep itself running. It should be able to create everything that the people need. The city does not need shipments from Earth by then. He guessed that the city needs at least ten thousand Starships full of humans. Each Starship can carry 100 passengers on board. To give the colony enough equipment and food, a hundred thousand Starships carrying cargo might launch to Mars. This guess does not have population growth.
Most Starships would carry satellites, cargo, and humans to Earth orbit. They would have a large door that rotates along a hinge. These Starships could catch space debris as well.
Some Starships would carry propellant instead of cargo. These spacecraft can fuel another spacecraft in orbit. Via fueling, these spacecraft would have more range and can go further.
Starships going to Mars also need fueling as well. That spacecraft might have forty rooms, a storage room, and a shelter. The shelter protects astronauts from the Sun's ionizing radiation.
SpaceX wants Starship to replace the Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy, and Dragon 2. Musk guessed a Starship launch should cost $2 million (United States dollars) and the mission's propellant cost should be about $900,000. Starship could carry 400 Starlink satellites into orbit. A Falcon 9 can carry only 60 Starlink satellites.
In the past, the Starship spacecraft was planned to only bring cargo and astronauts to Mars. However, as of 2021, SpaceX is planning many kinds of Starships that do different tasks. They are different from each other by having parts added, removed, or changed.
The Starship spacecraft is supposed to carry cargo to higher Earth orbits, the Moon, and Mars.
Starbase is being used (as of 2023) for launches of prototypes. Rockets might also launch from boats, or LC-39A. Starbase at Texas is where SpaceX makes and tests most Super Heavy and Starship. The launch boats are named "Phobos" and "Deimos" after the moons of Mars. They were oil platforms owned by Valaris.
All Starship launch and landing places will have a tower. It has a large crane placed on top that can lift Super Heavy and Starship. That tower also has a pair of steel arms that rotate at a hinge similar to claws. The claws can catch Super Heavy as well.
Some people living near Starbase blamed SpaceX for harming wildlife, building and testing things without permission, and making too much noise. However, many people come to visit and stay there. When asked, they said that watching and imagining Starships sending humans to Mars made them love the place.
"Note: The start dates are when rocket stages were first seen, and the end dates are when they are destroyed or not used anymore.
A spaceship and its booster rocket were destroyed in flight, as late as March 2024.
In 2005, Elon Musk talked about a launch vehicle named BFR, later known as the Falcon XX. The Falcon XX was never built. Unlike Starship, it could only fly up once. Falcon XX was going to use Merlin 2 engine, a larger version of the Merlin engine. The engines burns kerosene and liquid oxygen.
In September 2016, at the 67th IAC (International Astronautical Congress), Elon Musk talked about the ITS (Interplanetary Transport System). It was going to be tall and wide. The booster was going to have 42 Raptors, and the spacecraft was going to have 9 Raptors. Both the booster and spacecraft are made from carbon composites, and could launch many times. The ITS can carry humans to Mars and other places inside the Solar System. When the spacecraft enters Mars's atmosphere, it cools by transpiration. Transpiration here means the spacecraft flows propellant to the front side and evaporates the heat.
At the next IAC in September 2017, Musk announced the Big Falcon Rocket. It is sometimes called Big Fucking Rocket. In that IAC, he talked about moving people around Earth quickly with a Big Falcon Rocket. He called it Earth to Earth.
In November 2018, Musk tweeted about a new spacecraft design. It had three bottom flaps and two top flaps. Around that time, the present names of Starship parts were first used:
In January 2019, Musk tweeted that Starship will be made from stainless steel instead of carbon composite. He explained that a stainless steel Starship is stronger than a carbon composite Starship. In March 2019, Musk tweeted again that Starships will have a heat shield made of tiles. The heat shield replaces transpiration cooling.
You Only Live Once is a 1937 American crime drama movie directed by Fritz Lang and starring Sylvia Sidney, Henry Fonda, Barton MacLane, Jean Dixon, William Gargan, Jerome Cowan, John Wray. It was distributed by United Artists.
Lorna Regina "Loren" Bautista Legarda is a Filipino politician and former journalist. She is currently serving as the representative of Antique and as a House Deputy Speaker.
The Black Watch is a 1929 American adventure movie directed by John Ford and was based on the novel "King of the Khyber Rifles" by Talbot Mundy. It stars Victor McLaglen, Myrna Loy, Francis Ford, Cyril Chadwick, Walter Long, Joyzelle Joyner, Mitchell Lewis, Lumsden Hare, John Wayne and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.