adityasasidhar/Wikipedia_Cleaned huggingface dataset:
Dr. Julia Hoffman is a fictional character in the TV show "Dark Shadows" and the movie "Dark Shadows".
At the end of October, the St. Jude storm (also called Cyclone Christian), became one of the strongest storms in fall across southern England in the last 40 years. After the St. Jude storm, lots of storms went across western Europe. They brought winds and rain.
A low air pressure area named Godehard was the strongest of these low air pressure areas. It caused some damage in Wales. Its winds left 10,000 homes without electricity in Wales. It happened on the first weekend of November 2013.
On November 2, the M4 Motorway between Margam and Pyle was closed because of the weather and a roof canopy at the Princess of Wales Hospital Bridgend was damaged. The old Severn Bridge on the M48 motorway was closed. On the the Second Severn Crossing speed restrictions to slow cars down. The low air pressure also brought big waves to Aberystwyth which caused some damage to houses near the sea.
An area of high air pressure formed to the west of Britain and Ireland. It formed from late November to early December. It caused many storms to go north to Norway and Sweden. All the storms moved north of the United Kingdom. This meant that in November the country was fairly dry. In December there were long periods of calm weather in France. It was sunny and dry. The weather changed as storms brought strong rain and snowfall to the mountains towards the end of the month.
The high air pressure over Britain, Ireland and the Atlantic moved east during the middle of December. It allowed areas of low air pressure to reach western Europe. During the middle of December the jet stream became unusually strong in the North Atlantic. The storms moved under this strong jet stream where they quickly became strong before reaching Western Europe.
Dirk formed over North America, and caused some storms in Canada, before it moved into the Atlantic. The weather in North America after saw a steep temperature gradient. It made the jet stream in the North Atlantic stronger. The storm moved under this strong jet stream where it quickly became stronger before reaching Western Europe.
Dirk created the lowest air pressure in Britain and Ireland since 1886 (127 years ago). The all-time low air pressure record for the British Isles was recorded in 1884 (129 years ago).
A stormy period between Christmas and New Year followed as Weather fronts related with the Windstorms Felix (December 30) and Gerhard (January 1, New Year's day) passed over the United Kingdom. It caused even more rainfall and storms to the area.
Windstorm Felix was more remote from the European mainland. It brought strong winds in North-West France in the Brittany area. Storminess near Iceland brought winds up to 140 kilometers per hour (87 miles per hour) to that country. It brought heavy rainfall and more flooding to the United Kingdom. Over the holiday period, several New Year outdoor swimming events were cancelled.
New York's 11th congressional district is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in New York City. The 11th district includes all of Staten Island and areas of Brooklyn. The district is currently represented by Republican Nicole Malliotakis who was elected in 2020. The district used to be represented by Democrat Max Rose but was on of the few districts that changed to Republican in the 2020 elections.
New York's 23rd congressional district is a congressional district in the state of New York. The district is in the southwest of New York and goes on the border of the state of Pennsylvania. The west side of the district is the shore of Lake Erie. The district has the counties of Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Schuyler, Seneca, Steuben, Tompkins, and Yates county along with parts of Ontario and Tioga counties. The district is currently represented by Republican Tom Reed.
The Heiress is a 1949 American romantic drama movie directed by William Wyler and was based on the 1947 play of the same name and also adapted from the 1880 novel "Washington Square" by Henry James. It stars Olivia de Havilland, Montgomery Clift, Ralph Richardson, Miriam Hopkins, Vanessa Brown, Russ Brown and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for 8 Oscars and won 4 Academy Awards in 1950.
New York's 16th congressional district is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in the state of New York. The district is currently represented by Democrat Jamaal Bowman. Jamaal Bowman has been representing the district since 2021, he beat Democrat Eliot Engel in the Democratic Party primary election and won the general election. A Republican has not represented the district since 1949. The 16th district includes the northern part Bronx and the southern half of Westchester County, and also has the cities of Mount Vernon, Yonkers, New Rochelle, and Rye.
The Best Years of Our Lives (also known as Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama movie directed by William Wyler and was based on the novella "Glory for Me" by MacKinlay Kantor. It stars Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, Cathy O'Donnell, Hoagy Caramichael, Harold Russell, Gladys George, Steve Cochran, Howland Chamberlain and won 7 Academy Awards in 1947. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.
Dragonwyck is a 1946 American drama movie directed by first time director Joseph L. Mankiewicz and was based on the 1944 novel of the same name by Anya Seton. It stars Gene Tierney, Walter Huston, Vincent Price, Glenn Langan, Anne Revere, Spring Byington, Harry Morgan, Jessica Tandy and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
This is a list of all the current members of the United States House of Representatives. There are usually 435 representatives in the House. , 221 representatives are part of the Republican Party, 213 representatives are part of the Democratic Party and 1 seat is vacant. There are also delegates from the United States territories. These delegates cannot vote but can take part in committees and other jobs.
As of December 1, 2023:
As of January 3, 2023:
Barry Moore (born September 26, 1966) is an American politician who is the representative for Alabama's 2nd congressional district in the House of Representatives. Barry is a Republican and has been the representative since 2021 but he first tried to get elected in 2018 but lost in the primary election. Moore was first a state senator for Alabama's 91st district in 2010. In 2014 he was arrested because he lied to police but Barry was not punished. Moore joined 147 House of Representatives Republicans to try to get rid of the 2020 United States presidential election results.
Criss Cross is a 1949 American crime drama movie directed by Robert Siodmak and was based on the 1934 novel of the same name by Don Tracy. It stars Burt Lancaster, Yvonne De Carlo, Dan Duryea, Stephen McNally, Tom Pedi, Percy Helton, Esy Morales, Alan Napier, Edna Holland, Tony Curtis (in his movie debut) and was distributed by Universal Pictures. It was remade as "The Underneath" in 1995.
Mike Rogers (born July 16, 1958) is an American politician and the U.S. Representative for , since 2003. He is a part of the Republican Party. Mike Rogers was first a part of Alabama's House of Representatives from 1994-2002 before becoming a representative. Mike Rogers does not support abortion but did support getting rid of the Environmental Protection Agency. In December 2020, Rogers and 126 Republicans agreed to stop the results of the 2020 United States presidential election.
A cobra roll is a part of a roller coaster. It is a double-inversion and it looks like the shape of a striking cobra's head. A cobra roll has two half-vertical loops facing the same direction joined together by two half corkscrews that each twist in opposite directions. The coaster train enters the cobra roll' low, completes the first half loop, then turns perpendicular into a half corkscrew, completing a first inversion. This is immediately followed by another half corkscrew that twists in the opposite direction into the other half vertical loop, completing a second inversion and exiting the cobra roll traveling in the opposite direction from which it entered.
30 Hudson Yards is the fifth tallest building in the New York City, as of 2019. This building has 73 floors. It is 1273 feet tall. Its observation deck, "The Edge," is the highest in New York State. This is where CNN segments are aired LIVE and is home to Wells Fargo, Facebook, and KKR. Aside from the business part, it is the biggest tourist attraction in New York City.
Peter Mogila
Dysautonomia or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly. This may affect the heart, bladder, intestines, sweat glands, pupils, and blood vessels. Dysautonomia has many causes and may not be neuropathic.
Babylon 5 is an American space opera television series created by writer and producer J. Michael Straczynski. The show premiered in the US on January 26, 1994, and ran for five seasons.
Maryna Anatoliivna Poroshenko (born February 1, 1962 in Kyiv) is a Ukrainian political and public figure. She is a wife of the fifth President of Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko (2014-2019). Since 2020, she has been a member of the Kyiv City Council from the European Solidarity party, leading the party's list in Kyiv in the 2020 elections.
The Theme Building is a Space Age structure at Los Angeles International Airport in California. It was influenced by "Populuxe" architecture. It is built in a Mid-century modern style now called "Googie". It was built between 1957 and 1961. It was listed as a Historical-Cultural Monument by the city of Los Angeles in 1993.
In 2002-2008, he studied at Bogomolets National Medical University. In 2008-2010, internship at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, at Bogomolets National Medical University. 2010-2012, residency at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, at Bogomolets National Medical University.
In 2016, he came into the focus of the world press (the Sun, Newsweek, New York Post, Daily Mail) thanks to the publication of a selfie from his surgery with a background of naked patients.
In 2019, he founded the Kaminskyi Clinic.
On July 16, 2014, Edgar Kaminsky married the soloist of the band NEANGELY, Slava Kaminska, who took his surname. On December 12, 2014, she gave birth to a son, Leonard, and on December 6, 2015, a daughter, Laura. On July 1, 2019, Slava and Edgar divorced.
Mwamba won a bronze medal in the welterweight (67 kg) division at the 1990 Commonwealth Games.
The Space Age is the time period in human history related to the space race, space exploration, and space technology. Most people say this started when Sputnik 1 was launched in 1957, and continues to today. This has influenced culture such as in movies, television, music, art, and architecture.
He was born on January 14, 1907 in the village of Chernyakhiv (now Kaharlyk district of Kyiv region). He graduated from the Kyiv Medical School. In 1928 he entered the Kharkiv Medical Institute. After graduating from the institute in 1932, he was enrolled in the graduate school of the Ukrainian Organ Therapeutic Institute in Kharkiv. In 1935, Komisarenko defended his dissertation and worked as a senior researcher at the Ukrainian Organ Therapeutic Institute, and two years later he was appointed director of the institute.
She is the lover of Akongjamba, a hero in ancient legends. But fate doesn't permit the lovers to unite. So, Phouoibi and Akongjamba reincarnated in the legends.
Phouoibi is a spirit of the rice. So, she is not a member of the Umang Lais.
Phouoibi or Phouleima literally means "Lady of the Paddy" in Meitei (Manipuri). Phou (Fou) means "unhusked rice", paddy. "Oibi" is derived from the verb "oiba" (meaning "to become") with the feminine suffix "i".
Phouoibi is a goddess who is very fickle in love. She fell in love with many mortals. However, she doesn't live permanently with anyone of them. She went to many places and made love with many mortals only to discard them later. She lived with her favorite lover for some time and later left him. Her nature symbolizes that wealth doesn't last long. There were frequent wars and natural calamities in ancient times. So, the goddess of paddy is described as very inconstant in favouring to the mankind.
According to Meitei culture, the anger of Phouoibi was provoked with the neglect of paddy or rice. The rites and rituals dedicated to the goddess were regularly performed. By doing this, possible misfortunes were warded off that could have came to the peasants.
Once Phouoibi (Fouoibi) set out for a journey along with her sisters ("friends" in another version), Ngaleima and Thumleima. In Moirang, when the goddess was about to cross a river, Akongjamba came to the spot for hunting. Akongjamba and Phouoibi fell in love at first sight.
After some time passed, Phouoibi visited the house of Akongjamba. She disguised herself as a tribal woman ("haonupi" or "haonubi"). Akongjamba was not there but Akongjamba's mother didn't give her good hospitality. Akongjamba's mother was about to hit Phouoibi (disguised as a tribal woman) with a swiping broom. If the broom touched the goddess, all her magical powers will get lost. So, Phouoibi fled to a coop (henhouse). She transfigured herself as a chicken. Akongjamba's mother followed her and counted the number of chicken. She found the number of chicken exactly as it was, neither more nor less. So, she went back to her home. Phouoibi spent the night inside the filthy and smelly henhouse. On the next day, she once again took her original form of a beautiful maiden in a glowing dress. She called Akongjamba's mother to come out. She told her that she wanted to give her the payment for spending a night at hers. She shook an enormous heap of golden grain off her body in the middle of the front yard of the house. Then, Phouoibi left the place travelling towards south east. Akongjamba's mother remained surprised.
In another version of the story, Phouoibi stayed a night at the "yenakha" (left or right side of the house). The place where the goddess stayed came to be known as "Phayeng" ("fai" or "phai" means "to stay").
Later, Akongjamba returned home and found the pile of golden grain as high as a hill in front of the courtyard. When asked, his mother told him all the story. He realised that the lady was Phouoibi. He immediately aftered her. On the way, he found her. He pleaded her to return home and live together. But she refused his proposal. She told him that they are not destined to be together to accomplish their work at that birth. Saying this, she left him sorrowfully.
As Phouoibi travelled towards southeast, she reached a riverbank. She did not know how deep the river was. At that moment, a deer appeared on the other side of the river. She asked the deer if the river was shallow or not. The deer lied telling her that the river was not deep. Phouoibi went down the river. She could not swim and got drowned.
A small ngamhai fish was also swimming there. It helped the drowning goddess to reach the shore of the next riverbank. She thanked the little creature and granted it a boon that it will shine like a mirror in the gleaming water. She wished that the ballad singers will always praise the fish for its silvery beauty whenever they retold her story.
Then, she glared at the deer. She cursed the deer and all its species that if they tried to eat her creation - paddy, then all their teeth will be fallen. So, still today, the deers never eat paddy because of the fear that their teeth will fall off.
"Poinu" (November-December interface month) is the Meitei lunar month of harvesting and the granary must not be disturbed. Its subsequent month "Wakching" (December-January interface month) is the time during which Goddess Phouoibi is worshipped.
Goddess Phouoibi is offered fruits and vegetables in the four corners of a specially prepared place. The place is divided into 3 sections. At each division, seeds are sown. The goddess is invoked by the maibas with the sacrifice of black hen and the offering of rice beer.
If the previous year's crop harvest was good, the maiba prayed to the goddess to give them good crops that year too. And if the previous year's crop harvest was not satisfactory, the maiba prayed to the goddess to give them satisfactory crops with no insects that year.
After threshing, Phou Kouba (calling the paddy/rice) ceremony is performed. Phoukourol (Phoukouron or Phougourol or Phougouron) is a hymn for summoning the spirit of the paddy.
To have abundant crop harvest, the Meitei people sing "Phougou Eshei".
It is generally sung during harvest. It is done before the crop is stored in the granary. Goddess Phouoibi is worshipped with Phou Ningthou, the god of rice. Farmers prayed to the two deities for a doubling of the previous year's yield, after the harvest.
The Phou Kouba (calling the paddy/rice) ceremony is more frequently performed in case of mis-happenings to the farmers. Mis-happenings may be theft or burning of the paddy/rice, an animal like cow trespasses the threshing ground, etc. People believe that these are all because of the absence of the goddess. So, they perform the rites and rituals to induce the goddess to stay at their places.
In such cases, Sareng fish (Wallago attu, helicopter catfish) with rice is the most important offering to goddess Phouoibi. It should be cooked with herbs and not with spices.
Goddess Phouoibi is often identified as a manifestation of Goddess Panthoibi. Many legends say that Panthoibi became Phouoibi after a metamorphosis. She is also regarded as the incarnation of Leimarel Sidabi, the supreme mother earth goddess.
Goddess Phouleima often appears in ancient potteries. She is personified in a round black stone sitting in a pot. It is placed upon the bed of rice grains inside the granary. It is never kept directly on the ground. As long as the goddess is respected, the granary has no lack of grains.
The Phouoibi Waron (Phouoibi Warol) is a 13-14th century Meitei literary work that mentions Goddess Phouoibi as a fickle lady. According to the text, the goddess has love affairs with multiple partners and she always departs them.
The Ningthourol Lambuba mentions that goddess Phouoibi and her six friends went to a place named "Karan Lambuba". They measured all their walking sticks to know whose was the longest one. The stick of Phouoibi was found to be the longest from all by one knot. So, one knot was cut off. The place where the stick was cut off was named as "Kakmayai" ("kak" literally means "to cut" in Manipuri).
Ima Keithel (), the world's only women run market, has three major building complexes. Phouoibi Ima Keithel is the Complex Number 3, preceded by Leimarel Sidabi Ima Keithel (Complex Number 1) and Imoinu Ima Keithel (Complex Number 2). This 500 years old market is in the center of Imphal, the metropolis of Manipur.
Canal 6 (Mexico)
During the week, the network makes 58 hours of news programming under the name of "Telediario". This includes a Sunday night public affairs program, "Cambios". It also produces pre-game, post-game and other programming involving Monterrey's two major soccer clubs, Tigres UANL and C.F. Monterrey/ It also has a partnership with the Mexican League's Sultanes de Monterrey in baseball. THis lets then show weekend home game. The network also carries the home matches of Chivas .
The company has network affiliates in many cities. Some of these make local content. The networks covers Northeast and North-Central Mexico, and the Southwestern United States . It is also available nationally in both countries via cable, satellite and IPTV services. As of May 2016, all of the network's programming is presented in a widescreen form in both standard and high definition.
Lemlei Ngaleima () or Ngareima () is the goddess and the divine female personification of the fishes and the aquatic life in Meitei mythology and religion (Sanamahism) of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). She is a sister (or "friend") of the goddesses, Phouoibi, Thumleima and Ereima (Ireima).
Menstrual blood, charoo (hay, dried paddy stalks), hentak (edible fish paste), sumjit (broom) are considered unholy to Goddess Ngaleima. So, if there is an adverse entry of fish into the fishing nets, the presence of menstruating woman is highly suspected at the spot, especially on the floating dam. Other suspicious reasons are the dropping down of the charoo (hay, dried paddy stalks) or hentak (edible fish paste) or sumjit (broom) by people out of jealousy into the place.
Goddess Ngaleima (Ngareima) is considered to be one of the divine manifestations of Leimarel (Leimalel), the supreme mother earth goddess. It is said that Leimalel becomes Ngaleima when she is in the fish yard.
Noinu Thumleima () or Thumkhong Lairembi () is the goddess of salt and salt wells in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). She is a sister (or "friend") of the goddesses, Phouoibi (Phouleima), Ngaleima and Ereima (Ireima). People pray to her so there will be enough salt. Salt is an important part of the human diet.
According to the "Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy" by Moirangthem Kirti, the goddess is a wife of Pakhangba, the royal deity.
The Goddess Thumleima is one of the divine manifestations of Leimarel (Leimalel). Leimalel is the supreme mother earth goddess. It is said that Leimalel becomes Thumleima when she is in the salt mine. Thumleima is also considered as one of the divine incarnations of goddess Imoinu.
Pittman Center is an incorporated town in Sevier County, Tennessee, United States. 454 people lived here at the 2020 census.
Sevier County ( "severe") is a county of the U.S. state of Tennessee. In the 2020 census, 98,380 people lived here. Its county seat and largest city is Sevierville.
Sevierville is a city in and the county seat of Sevier County, Tennessee. 17,889 people lived here at the 2020 United States Census.
Pigeon Forge is a mountain resort city in Sevier County, Tennessee, United States. In the 2020 census, the city had 6,343 people living here.
1 February 1965-1 July 1995 Her Serene Highness Princess Stephanie of Monaco
1 July 1995 Her Serene Highness Princess Stephanie of Monaco, Countess of Polignac
23 January 1957-23 January 1999: Her Serene Highness Princess Caroline of Monaco
23 January 1999-present Her Royal Highness The Princess of Hanover
Ernst August, Prince of Hanover (; born 26 February 1954), is head of the royal House of Hanover. He is the husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco. He is the brother-in-law of Albert II, Prince of Monaco.
10 December 2014-present His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Monaco, Marquess of Baux
Lady and the Tramp is a 2019 American live-Acton musical romance movie of talking dogs with CGI moving mouths directed by Charlie Bean and written by Andrew Bujalski and Kari Granlund. It was produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Taylor Made.
Jim Dale, (born James Smith; 15 August 1935) is an English actor, comedian, composer, director and singer-songwriter. He appeared in many of the "Carry On" movies. He is well known narrating all seven of the "Harry Potter" audiobooks in the American market.
Farmington Hills is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. 83,986 people lived here at the 2020 census. It is a northern suburb of Metro Detroit and is the second most-populated city in Oakland County after the city of Troy.
On January 21, 2021, Wagner became Administrator of Canada after the resignation of Julie Payette as Governor General of Canada. He left office when Mary Simon became governor general.
Beverley Marian McLachlin (born September 7, 1943) is a Canadian jurist and author. She was the 17th chief justice of Canada from 2000 to 2017. She was the first woman to hold that position and the longest-serving chief justice in Canadian history.
Sabail FK () is an Azerbaijani football club based in Baku. The club participates in the Azerbaijan Premier League.
Azad Hind was the name of an Indian government, which was established in Singapore, in 1943. Its English name is usually Provisional Government of Free India. It was very dependent on its ally, the Empire of Japan. They fought the Burma campaign together. After the Second World War, the Azad Hind stopped existing.
Eternal return is an idea that everything will repeat forever. It is also called eternal recurrence. Eternal return can be found in different religions or philosophies. Nietzsche wrote the most famous version of the eternal recurrence, but he started with other people's ideas. In his own writings, Nietzsche says he thinks the writer Heraclitus may have been first to write about it.
"Prick Up Your Ears" is the 6th episode of the 5th season of Family Guy. It was first shown on the Fox network on November 19, 2006. The episode is about Lois Griffin being a teacher for sex education. She gets fired because she teaches her students about safe sex.
The Yearling is a 1946 American drama movie directed by Clarence Brown and was based on the 1938 novel of the same name by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings. It stars Gregory Peck, Jane Wyman, Claude Jarman Jr., Chill Wills, Forrest Tucker, Henry Travers, Clem Beavans, Margaret Wycherly and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 7 Oscars and won 2 Academy Awards.
The Vagabond King is a 1956 American musical movie directed by Michael Curtiz and was based on the 1925 musical of the same name by Rudolf Friml. It stars Kathryn Grayson, Oreste Kirkop, Rita Moreno, Leslie Nielsen, Jack Lord, Vincent Prince and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Disappointment is an emotion that a person feels when something has gone wrong. It is usually related to failure. Failures tend to cause disappointment.
Lou Correa (born January 24, 1958) is a United States representative for California's 46th congressional district. He is a member of the Democratic Party and was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2016. Lou Correa was a state senator and in the California State Assembly before this.
Akongjamba () was a nobleman of a King in Ancient Moirang. He is a lover of Goddess Phouoibi. But fate doesn't permit the lovers to unite. So, Akongjamba and Phouoibi reincarnated in the legends. The lives of the two legendary lovers were believed to be enacted by Thangjing as a part of the Moirang Saiyon of the Moirang Kangleirol legends.
Once Goddess Phouoibi (Fouoibi) set out for a journey along with Ngaleima and Thumleima. In Moirang, when she was trying to cross a river, Akongjamba came to the place for hunting. He fell in love with Phouoibi at first sight. They became great lovers.
Many days later, Phouoibi went to Akongjamba's house, disguising herself as a tribal woman ("haonupi" or "haonubi"). Akongjamba was not at home. Akongjamba's mother ("Akongjamba's wife" in another version) didn't give her good shelter. She was about to hit Phouoibi (disguised as a tribal woman) with a broom. A divine being could lose his or her powers at the touch of profane objects like broom. So, Phouoibi fled to the coop of the house. She transformed into a chicken. Akongjamba's mother chased her. She counted the number of chickens. She didn't find any new chicken. So, she was gone. Phouoibi spent the night inside the dirty henhouse. On the next day, she once again assumed her true divine maiden form in a glowing dress. She called Akongjamba's mother to come out. She gave her the payment for spending a night at her place. She shook an enormous heap of golden grain off her body. The grains fell in the middle of the courtyard of the house. Then, she was gone to the south east direction. Akongjamba's mother was surprised at this.
When Akongjamba returned home, he found the pile of golden grain as high as a hill in front of the courtyard. His mother narrated him the entire story. He realised that the strange lady was Phouoibi, his ladylove. He immediately followed her path. On the way, he found her. He pleaded her to return home together. But she told him that they are not destined to unite to accomplish their work at that birth. Saying that, she left him.
Khuman Khamba () or Moirang Khamba () is a man of the Khuman clan and the hero of the epic poem the Khamba Thoibi. Khamba is in the Moirang Shayon legend in the Moirang Kangleirol stories from Ancient Moirang. He is the son of nobleman Puremba of Ancient Moirang kingdom. He was orphaned at a very young age. So he was raised by his sister Khamnu. He grew up as a poor man. Later, he married princess Thoibi of Ancient Moirang kingdom.
The word "Khamba" means ultimate or fullness.
Khamba's parents died when he was very young. For a time, their father's friends Nongthonba and Thonglen took care of him and his sister Khamnu. But the two children were not happy with them. So they left and went back to the house they had lived in with their parents. They were happy there even though no one came to help them.
Khamba was brought up by his sister Khamnu. His sister went from place to place to find help and work. She husked paddy for some people. In payment, the women breastfed the infant Khamba. The two siblings grew up. To earn a living, Khamnu sold wood in a market in Moirang. One day, Princess Thoibi met Khamnu. The two became friends. Thoibi asked Khamnu many things. She gave Khamnu food and jewelry. Thoibi asked Khamnu to come with her on a fishing trip in Loktak lake. The king heard that the princess and her companions were to sport on the lake. So he ordered that no man should go to the lake. Khamnu told Khamba about the king's order. On the day of the fishing trip, she left him at home.
Once Princess Thoibi visited Khamnu's house. Khamnu's old house was full of holes. So, Khamba hid himself within a mat. Thoibi asked Khamnu about the very mat. Khamnu said that it was where she worshipped the god Khuman Pokpa. Thoibi knew Khamba was hiding there, but she pretended she did not know. She asked if she could pray to the God. She prayed aloud to the God to allow her to worship him daily in the house. Khamba heard her and laughed. Khamba sent his sister to the market to get fruit. When they were alone Thoibi gave Khamba gifts. The made promises before God Khuman Pokpa. Both drank water in which a golden bracelet had been dipped. They vowed to be lovers forever.
Khuman Khamba is famous for being the very best. He was what a man should be. He had many adventures.
Khamba went out among the menfolk. He joined a wrestling club. Nongban was the best wrestler in the kingdom. He asked Khamba to wrestle with him. To everyone's surprise, Nongban lost to Khamba. Minister Nongthonba asked Khamba his name. At first, Khamba did not want to say who he was. He had already warned by his sister not to tell anyone about his true identity. Later, he told his name. But he did not tell his father's name. Minister Nongthonba became angry because Khamba would not tell him his father's name. Khamba said his father died when he was a baby. He said his sister took care of him. Minister Nongthonba saw that Khamba looked like Purenba. Nongthonba and Purenba had been friends.
<poem>"True is indeed that the elephant knows not his own brother, and kings forget their sons. Your father died ere his prime, even as a tree dies when men strip it of its bark."</poem>
King Chingkhu Telheiba made Khamba the ""Khuntak Leiroi Hanjaba"" (Floriculture Minister). This meant it was Khamba's job to find flowers in the hills and bring them back. Thoibi gave Khamba food for his trip. The next day, Khamba and Angom Nongban Kongyamba went to find flowers. Nongban Kongyamba lied and said they were on his father's land. Khamba did not know that it was a lie and asked where his own father had found flowers. Kongyamba pointed to the southern hills, but he was only pretending to know the answer to Khamba's question. Khamba went there but found no flowers. So, he prayed to God Thangjing. The God decided to help Khamba by putting the scent of flowers on the wind. Khamba found a tree with many flowers. On the way back to the palace, Nongban smelled the food the princess had packed for Khamba. He wondered how Khamba got such good food.
Kongyamba offered the flowers to the royalties and the nobles. First, he offered some to the King. Secondly, he offered some to the Queen. Later, he offered the rest to the High Officers of the kingdom. It was then Khamba's turn. He feared about the code of conducts. So, he humbly asked the counsel of priestess. For Khamba, they first offer the flowers to God Thangjing. After that, Khamba presented the flowers to the King, to the Queen and then to the High Officers of the kingdom.
Everyone was pleased with the flowers of Khamba. So, they gave him rare gifts. Gifts received by Khamba were many times more valuable than the customary presents received by Kongyamba.
During the dancing ceremony, Kongyamba and his noble wives danced first. Later, Khamba and Thoibi danced before God Thangjing's holy shrine. The latter's pairing was great. The audiences shouted with joy during the dance. Finally, Khamba and Thoibi knelt before God Thangjing.
Nongban Kongyamba was jealous of Khamba. Every year, the rulers of each Pana (State Province) chose a man to go to the kingdom's sports contest. Khamba's ruler chose him. Nongban's ruler chose him. That year, the contest's foot race was longer than it had been before. Khamba and Nongban both ran a race: Khamba far very fast with his chest low. Nongban ran fast with his head high. Nongban could not run fast for as far as Khamba could.
One night, Kongyamba planned with his men how to defeat Khamba.
<poem>"Many are the races I have won, and heavy will be my disgrace if this year I am second to Khamba."</poem>
Khamnu worried that somone else in the contest might hurt Khamba out of jealousy.
On the next day, Nongban Kongyamba said to the people,
<poem>"It is evil for land if a poor man win the race. It might bring scarcity more than the people can bear. Let's say this among the people before the race begin."</poem>
This words spread among the public. Khamba was stopped and told that his name was not in the list of the contestants. Khamba believed them. So, he sadly returned home. He told everything to Khamnu. The two siblings told Nongtholba about it. Nongtholba went to the king. The king told Khamba to go and be in the contest if it was not still late to join.
Khamba joined the foot rate. He ran as fast as he could. But Kongyamba's men tried to stop him while he was running. But Khamba pushed them out of the way. At last, he ran up to Kongyamba. Kongyamba was running slowly because he was tired. Suddenly, fifteen of Kongyamba's horsemen stopped Khamba. But Khamba kicked all of them away.
Khamnu shouted "Run on Khamba, for your father's honor." Finally, Khamba ran to the end of the race. He was the winner, and Kongyamba was second. Both saluted the king. The king was more pleased with Khamba. He gave Khamba a coat with gold thread in it. The queen gave Khamba very good clothes. The ministers also gave him gifts.
Khamba and his sister Khamnu offered many of the clothes to the old men and women.
Nongban Kongyamba wanted something bad to happen to Khamba. When he heard the Kao (bull) was in the Khuman kingdom, frightening people, he had an idea. He went to the king and pretended to have had a message from the god Thangjing. He told the king that Thangjing wanted Khuman to catch the bull. Kongyamba told the King,
<poem>"God Thangjing had spoken in my ears and I have his behest upon me. Verily said the God, I am sated with offerings of flesh and fish, but this year, my heart longs for the sweet savour of the flesh of the mighty bull that lurks in the reeds that border the water of the lake. My servant Khamba vows that he will bring it for my honor and for the welfare of the State."</poem>
The king of Moirang told Khuman he could marry Princess Thoibi hand if he caught the bull. Then the king of Moirang and the king of Khuman both agreed the people could come watch. They built a large arena and many people came.
Then Khamnu told Khamba a secret. She said that the Kao bull had once been their father's tame bull. She told him how to catch the Kao bull: She said,
<poem>"This great bull was once the Lord of your father's herd. Go to him, speak your father's name in his ear, and show him this Rope of silk."</poem>
In the arena, Khamba stood bravely while the bull ran toward him. He caught it and it carried him away to the woods.
Khamba did everything as his sister told him to do. The wild bull became calm. Khamba put a rope on the bull and began to walk back to the arena. But Kongyamba came and pretended he had caught the bull. He lied to the people. He said he had caught the bull and not Khamba. The two kings did not know who told the truth. So they asked Kongyamba to fight the bull again, where people could see. Kongyamba was afraid of the bull and climbed away. Khamba faced the bull bravely. He once again captured the bull.
Both the Kings honoured Khamba. They presented him many gifts. Since Khamba belonged to Khuman blood, the Khuman king asked the Moirang king to let Khamba live in the Khuman kingdom. The Moirang King did not agree.
Princess Thoibi was exiled by her father to Kabaw chiefdom. After some time, her father changed his mind. So, Thoibi was asked to come back from the exile. Meanwhile, Thoibi's father secretly told Nongban Kongyamba to forcibly elope his daughter from her return journey.
Thoibi met Nongban. She pretended to be friendly with him. She asked him to let her ride on his horse. He agreed. So, Thoibi rode Kongyamba's horse.
Surprisingly, Thoibi galloped off on the horse towards Khamba's house. Khamba received her from the long time exile at his house. They wept for their reunion.
Kongyamba was angry for being tricked by a girl. He set the matter before the King in the Royal Court. The king wanted to solve the issue by the trial of the spear. During the discussion, an old man came to the meet the king. The old man informed him that a ferocious tiger was a great threat to the villagers of Khoirentak region.
The King changed his mind. He announced that the tiger will be the determining point of the matter. He added that the killer of the tiger will marry Princess Thoibi.
On the said day, the King and his ministers gathered there in the stadium. Audiences gathering in the stadium resembled a white cloth spread on the ground. Khamba and Kongyamba showed respect to the King. The two went on and found the traces of the tiger. A body of a recently killed girl was found on the way.
Then, the tiger was found. They threw spears to it. But the tiger turned the spears away. It sprang upon and bit Kongyamba. At this, Kongyamba was killed. Khamba attacked at the tiger. He drove it away. Khamba carried Kongyamba back to the stadium. Thonglen told Khamba,
<poem>"What! Are you afraid? Your father killed five tigers and you fear only one. Go or I will come and kill the beast."</poem>
Khamba re-entered into the woods. The tiger was crouching half hidden by the bushes. But it could be clearly seen from the stadium of the king.
The tiger jumped upon Khamba. Khamba pierced the tiger's predating jaws with his spear. Finally, the beast was killed. The place where Khamba killed the tiger was near a village.
The King offered rich gifts to Khamba. He offered him great lands. Khamba was also given the rights of fishery, clothes of honor and titles of high fame. He was made the master of a salt-well.
During the competition, the Crown Prince shot his arrows so swiftly. Khamba ran swiftly to pick them up. At this, Khamba's outer cloth get loosened. The Crown Prince saw the inner cloth of Khamba. It was his golden embroidered coat. He got furious. When Khamba gave him the arrow, he did not take it. He turned away from Khamba. Kongyamba took the arrow from Khamba. He gave it to the Prince. The Prince was pleased with Kongyamba. He told Kongyamba that princess Thoibi would be given to him within five days. Within five days, he planned to give away his daughter Thoibi hand in marriage to Kongyamba. Khamba and Khamnu were even told to bring him gifts on the said day. The prince ordered that no one in the kingdom should sell fruits to the two siblings. Only Kongyamba was allowed to buy the fruits.
Khamba went to a hill village of a tribesmen group. He sought help from Kabui Salang Maiba, the tribal chief. The tribal chief offered him two basketful of fruits. The chief also added some gifts for the princess Thoibi, his sister Khamnu and for Khamba himself. Khamba thanked him and came back with the fruits and the gifts. Thoibi set the fruits ready in eleven special dishes. She was promised by the Chief Queen, 10 other Queens and 10 maids that they will receive gifts from Khamba.
On the day of gift reception, Kongyamba brought his gifts. At his
arrival, Thoibi pretended to fell with fever. So, Thoibi's father told Kongyamba the princess' health condition. Then, Kongyamba left. Few moments later, the Crown Prince had gone to met the King. Thoibi instantly arose. Gifts from Khamba were received by the Queens and their maids warmly.
At that moment, the Prince returned home. He was very thirsty. He longed for some juices of sour fruits. Thoibi prepared the juice from the fresh fruits brought by Khamba. She poured it into a silver cup for her father. The Prince has a sip of it. He asked for the whereabouts of the fruits. Thoibi told him that the fruits were brought by his son-in-law Khamba for his marriage. At this, the Prince got furious. He threw the silver cup at his daughter. Then, Thoibi pretended to faint. The Prince was terrified. At the same time, the Queens cried for her.
Prince Chingkhu Akhuba and Nongban Kongyamba together planned an evil plot to kill Khamba. They sent messenger to Khamba. The messengers told Khamba that he was called by the Prince. On his way, Khamba was interrupted by Kongyamba and his men. Kongyamba asked Khamba to give up Thoibi. Khamba replied that he will not give up.
As a result, they fought. Khamba threw Kongyamba's men upon the ground. Khamba knelt upon Kongyamba's belly. He pressed Kongyamba's throat. He was about to kill Kongyamba. But Kongyamba's men dragged Khamba off. They beat Khamba. His clothes were torn. They bound him so that he could not move. The Prince also came up on his elephant. He told the men to beat him. They fastened him to the elephant's leg with ropes. However, the elephant driver knew that Khamba was innocent. So, he bound him leaving him some spaces to breathe.
Then they stimulated the elephant to harm Khamba. But God Thangjing let it not to move. Finally, Kongyamba hit the elephant with a spear to move in pain. But it did not harm Khamba.
Thonglen were informed about the crime. Thonglen went to the Court with all his army. Feiroijamba said to the Court three times about the harsh cruelty to Khamba. However, the Prince did not pay attention to the complaint. Nongtholba angrily proclaimed that none could kill his son-in-law when he was alive. A conflict between Nongthonba and the prince occurred and continued further. Finally, Nongtholba and Prince Chingkhu Akhuba went to the King.
King Chingkhu Telheiba proclaimed that all the criminals would be punished. So, he set Prince Chingkhu Akhuba and Nongban Kongyamba in the prison. The king told his brother prince to stay there untill Khamba was well again.
The King sent his own men to take care of injured Khamba. He sent him gifts every day. Thoibi personally took care of Khamba. He got well again. So, the criminals were set free. After this, Thoibi was exiled to Kabaw chiefdom.
She thrusted a spear through the wall to pierce the stranger. Khamba was severely wounded. He called her. Thoibi knew his voice. She immediately went out and carried him in. Khamba was dying. She was extremely shocked. Before he died, she killed herself upon him with the same spear.
Khamba and Thoibi are the incarnations of a god and a goddess. They were sent by God Thangjing. Unlike normal mortal beings, God Thangjing denied their happiness of long life and children.
The Khamba Thoibi Jagoi was first performed by Khamba and Thoibi in the premise of the Thangjing temple. It is now a popular form of folk dance of Meitei culture (Manipuri culture) in Manipur.
In 2010, the Laihui Ensemble produced an opera named ""Kao, the sacred bull"". It is based on the story of capturing Kao (bull) by Khamba.
In 2019, a painting titled "Khambana Kao Phaba" (Lit. Khamba capturing the bull) was exhibited in the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS) Museum, Bhopal.
In 2020, the legend of Khamba capturing Kao (bull) was produced in its theatrical form named as "Kao Faba". It was displayed in the Iboyaima Shummang Leela Shanglen, Palace Compound, Imphal.
Moirang Thoibi () or Ewanglon Thoibi () is the main character of the Khamba Thoibi story from ancient Moirang Kangleirol legends. She is a princess from the Ancient Moirang kingdom. She is not the king's daughter. She is the daughter of the King's younger brother "Chingkhu Akhuba" and of King "Chingkhu Telheiba" of Moirang. Khuman Khamba, a poor orphan prince, loved Thoibi.
The word "Thoibi" means perfection or completion of beauty and accomplishments.
One day, Princess Thoibi visited the marketplace of Moirang. She saw the girl Khamnu selling wood. She asked Khamnu many questions. She even gave her food and jewelry. Thoibi and Khamnu became good friends. The next time Thoibi went to the market, she met Khamnu again. Thoibi asked Khamnu to come with her fishing on Loktak lake. The king heard that the princess and her friends were going fishing for fun on the lake. He ordered all the men in the kingdom to stay away from the lake. Khamnu told her brother Khamba about this the royal order. The next day, she left him at home. Khamba was sleeping and had a dream.
Princess Thoibi visited Khamnu's house. Thoibi sat on the red cloth near the post of the north side (ukoklel). The walls of the old house were full of holes. So Khamba hid himself within a mat. Thoibi asked Khamnu about the mat. Khamnu said that it was the worshipping place of God Khuman Pokpa. So Thoibi asked if she could pray to the God. She wanted to be blessed by the God. Thoibi knew the truth very well. But she pretended if she knew nothing. She prayed out loud to the God to allow her to worship him daily in the house. Khamba heard her voice. He laughed aloud. Thoibi said the God was speaking. She came out in the veranda. Meanwhile, Khamba sent his sister to the market to get some fruit. At Khamnu's absence, Thoibi presented him gifts. The two bound themselves by an oath before the God Khuman Pokpa. They drank the water in which a golden bracelet had been dipped. They vowed to be lovers forever. After this oath, Thoibi addresed Khamnu as "sister".
The King made Khamba the ""Khuntak Leiroi Hanjaba"" (Floriculture Minister) to gather flowers from the hills. Thoibi prepared delicious food for Khamba. She tied the food in a bundle of leaves. She fastened it with silks of seven kinds. By the grace of God Thangjing, not a petal of a single flower brought by Khamba was broken. At Khamba's return, Thoibi washed his feet and offered him fruits.
On the day of customary rituals to be performed, Khamba first offered his flowers to God Thangjing. After that, Khamba gave the flowers to the king, to the queen and then to the high officers of Moirang.
Everyone was happy with the flowers. They gave Khamba gifts. Khamba and Thoibi danced before God Thangjing's holy shrine. The pairing was great. The people watching shouted with joy during the dance. Finally, Khamba and Thoibi knelt before God Thangjing.
Thoibi's father asked her to marry Nongban Kongyamba. But she said no. Her father was angry and he said, "I will be better to be childless than be the father of this evil girl." He asked his Minister Hanjaba to sell Thoibi to the Kabaw chief for silver and gold. He exiled her to Kabaw chiefdom. He did not want to see her any more. Thoibi told Khamba about what happened. For his sake, she had to go exile to Kabaw. She told Khamba not to forget her.
On the day of her exile, she cried so hard that she sounded like thunder. The queen and all her maids also wept. Minister Hanjaba took her away to Kabaw. On the way, she met Khamba. He wept with her remembering the past happy days. Both the lovers felt the pain of separation.