adityasasidhar/Wikipedia_Cleaned huggingface dataset:
Artificial life (commonly Alife or alife) is a field of study that looks at systems related to life, its processes, and its evolution. This is done with simulations using computer models, robotics, and biochemistry. There are three main kinds of alife, named for their approaches: "soft", (from software); "hard", (from hardware); and "wet ("from biochemistry). Artificial life simulates traditional biology by trying to "recreate" biological phenomena. It is common for "artificial life" to refer to soft alife in specific.
Genetic algorithms is a search technique often used in computer science to find complex, non-obvious solutions to algorithmic optimisation and search problems. Genetic algorithms are global search heuristics.
Natural evolution can be modeled as a game, in which the rewards for an organism that plays a good game of life are the passing on of its genetic material to its successors and its continued survival. In natural evolution, how well an individual performs depends on who it works with and who it competes with, as well as the environment. Genetic algorithms are a simulation of natural selection on a population of candidate solutions to an optimization problem (chromosomes, individuals, creatures, or phenotypes).
Genetic algorithms are good at solving problems that include timetabling and scheduling. They have also been applied to engineering. They are often used to solve global optimization problems. They might be useful in problem domains that have a complex fitness landscape as mixing is designed to move the population away from local optima that a traditional hill climbing algorithm might get stuck in. Commonly used crossover operators cannot change any uniform population. Mutation alone can provide ergodicity of the overall genetic algorithm process (seen as a Markov chain).
"Ingo Rechenberg"' ( January 20 1934 in Berlin - September 25, 2021) is a German computer scientist and professor. Rechenberg is a pioneer of the fields of evolutionary computation and artificial evolution. In the 1960s and 1970s he invented a highly influential set of optimization methods known as evolution strategies (from German "Evolutionsstrategie"). His group successfully applied the new algorithms to challenging problems such as aerodynamic wing design. These were the first serious technical applications of artificial evolution, an important subset of the still growing field of bionics.
Rechenberg was educated at the Technical University of Berlin and at the University of Cambridge. Since 1972 he was a full professor at the Technical University of Berlin, in the Department of Bionics and Evolution Techniques.
Evolution strategies are ways to solve a problem using evolutionary algorithms. The term was coined by Ingo Rechenberg.
Along with Ahmed Rushdi, she has given voice to the mny number of film songs in the history of Punjabi cinema. She is also considered to be one of the best female Punjabi film director.
Noor Jehan moved to Pakistan shortly after.
Pakistani Instrument of Surrender
Eastern Command was a Corps level formation in the former East Pakistan consisting of 9th, 14th and 16th Infantry Divisions. Subsequently, around 30,000-32,000 Pakistani troops and officials were taken as prisoners-of-war by the Indian Army. The usually inflated figure of 93000 POWs is completely incorrect and misleading, as far as number of military troops is concerned. 3 Divisions of army do not add up to such a number in any Army in the world. However, there were thousands of civilians belonging from West Pakistan, working or otherwise in East Pakistan, who were also taken as prisoners and thus the total number of 'POWs' increased..They were later repatriated in 1973 under the terms of the Delhi Agreement.
Islamic Republic is the name given to forms of government of several states. These states have Islam as a state religion and are governed by the principles of the Islamic law called Sharia. Some of these countries have both Sharia and civil law. Laws made by the state cannot contradict Sharia in some of these countries, and in other countries civil law is more dominant than Sharia law.
Despite the similar name the countries differ greatly in their governments and laws. Of the Islamic republics, only Iran is a theocracy.
Classified information is sensitive information to which access is restricted by law or regulation to particular classes of people. A formal security clearance is required to handle classified documents or access classified data. The clearance process requires a satisfactory background investigation. There are usually several levels of sensitivity, with differing clearance requirements. This sort of hierarchical system of sharing information among a group of people is used by most national governments. Deciding the level of sensitivity of data is called data classification.
The purpose of classification is to protect information from being used to damage or cause danger to national security. Classification says what is a "state secret" and deals with different levels of protection based on the damage the information might cause if it reached the wrong hands.
Some non-government organizations and corporations also have their own secret information, normally referred to as trade secrets.
Although the classification systems vary from country to country, most have levels like the following British definitions (from the highest level to lowest):
Depending on the level of classification there are different rules controlling the level of clearance needed to view the information, and how it must be stored, transmitted, and destroyed. Access is restricted on a "need to know" basis. Simply possessing a clearance does not automatically authorize the individual to view all material classified at that level or below that level. The individual must have a "need to know" in addition to the proper level of clearance.
Rock Steady (album)
In cryptography, key whitening is a technique used to increase the security of block ciphers. It consists of steps that combine the data with portions of the key (most commonly using a simple XOR) before the first round and after the last round of encryption. DES-X was the first block cipher that used key whitening. Most recently, the Q/ZIN network would implement it as a key feature in their software, hardware online.
eSTREAM is a project to identify "new stream ciphers that might become suitable for widespread adoption", organized by the EU ECRYPT network. It was set up because of the failure of all six stream ciphers submitted to the New European Schemes for Signatures, Integrity and Encryption project. The call for cryptographic primitives was first issued in November 2004. The project was completed in April 2008. The project was divided into separate phases and the project goal was to find algorithms suitable for different kinds of application.
Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard" is an operating system made by Apple Inc. for its Macintosh line of computers. It is a version of Mac OS X, and carries the release number 10.5. It was released on October 27, 2007, and came in one release for both Intel Mac's, and PowerPC processors. According to Apple, Leopard contains over 300 changes and improvements since Mac OS X v10.4 "Tiger". Leopard was the last release for the PowerPC processor.
A weather forecast is a prediction of what the weather will be in the future. Weather stations measure things such as temperature, air pressure and cloud cover. Meteorologists use these measurements and fluid dynamics and other methods to predict the weather. A forecast for many days in the future is less trustworthy than one for tomorrow or the next day.
International waters is a body of water that does not belong to any single country. "International waters" is not a defined term in international law. It is an informal term.
The Convention on the High Seas 1958 defined "high seas" to mean "all parts of the sea that are not included in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State" and "no State may validly... subject any part of them to its sovereignty".
Therefore "high seas" and "international waters" share a basic idea: that no country can own them.
The word "peach" comes from the Middle English "peche", from Middle French, in turn from Latin "persica", i.e., "the fruit from Persia". In fact, the origin of the peach fruit was from China.
Dion Dublin (born 22 April 1969) is an English former footballer. He has played for England national team.
Daniel Ben Murphy (born 18 March 1977) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
Source: League matches;Cup and League Cup matches;Liverpool European matches;European club matches from 2006
Olympique Lyon
Czech Republic Youth
Bentley is a British automobile maker. It is based in Crewe, Cheshire, England.
Chloe O'Brian is a character in the television series "24". She works at the Counter Terrorist Unit as an analyst. O'Brian is a close friend of Jack Bauer.
It was built as part of the "Festung Koblenz" (Fortress Koblenz), by Prussia between 1817 and 1832 and guarded the middle Rhine region. This area had often been invaded by the French. The fortress was never attacked.
Jeep is a brand of American automobiles that is a division of FCA US LLC (formerly Chrysler Group, LLC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. The former Chrysler Corporation acquired the Jeep brand, along with the remaining assets of its owner American Motors, in 1987. Jeep's current product range consists solely of sport utility vehicles and off-road vehicles, but has also included pickup trucks in the past. 1941
Mandaeism or Mandaeanism is a monotheistic religion. The religion has a strong dualistic world view. Its followers, the Mandaeans, think highly of Adam, Abel, Seth, Enosh, Noah, Shem, Aram and especially John the Baptist. it is also called Nasoraeanism.
Originally, Mandaeism was practiced mainly in the countries around the lower Euphrates and Tigris and the rivers that surround the Shatt-al-Arab waterway. Today, this area belongs to Iraq and Khuzestan Province in Iran. There are thought to be between 60,000 and 70,000 Mandaeans worldwide. Until the 2003 Iraq war, almost all of them lived in Iraq. Because they were persecuted in that area, many Mandaeans left and now live abroad. This is commonly called diaspora. Some left for Europe, Australia and North America. The 2003 Iraq War reduced the population of Mandaeans in Iraq to about 5,000 by 2007. Most Iraqi Mandaeans fled to Syria and Jordan under the threat of violence by Islamic extremists and the turmoil of the war.
The language in which the Mandaean religious literature was originally written is known as Mandaic, and is a member of the Aramaic family of dialects. It is written in a cursive variant of the Parthian chancellory script. Most Mandaean lay people do not speak this language. Some members of the Mandaean community in Iran ( about 300-500 out of a total of about 5000 Iranian Mandaeans) continue to speak Neo-Mandaic, a modern version of this language.
It is difficult to say if groups such as the Elkasaites, the Mughtasila, the Nasoraeans, and the Dositheans are related to the Mandaeans or to one another. The names say that there are a number of different groups. Much of the teaching of these groups is secret. This makes it difficult to see the nature of these groups or the relationships between them.
The current status of the Mandaeans has prompted a number of American intellectuals and civil rights activists to call for their government to extend refugee status to the community. In 2007, the "New York Times" ran an op-ed in which Swarthmore professor Nathaniel Deutsch called for the Bush administration to take immediate action to preserve the community:
Come as You Are (Nirvana song)
In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) is a block cipher designed by Xuejia Lai and James Massey of ETH Zurich in 1991. It was meant to be a replacement for the Data Encryption Standard. IDEA is very like an earlier cipher called Proposed Encryption Standard (PES), but with some improvements. Because of this, IDEA was first called IPES (Improved PES).
The hurricane's strong winds, waves, rains and storm surge caused over 45 deaths across ten countries and caused estimated damages of US$1.5 billion. First impacting the islands of the Lesser Antilles, Dean's path through the Caribbean severely damaged agricultural crops, especially those of Martinique and Jamaica. When it reached Mexico, Hurricane Dean was a Category 5 storm, but it missed large cities and its exceptional Category 5 strength landfall caused no deaths and less damage than in the Caribbean islands it passed as a Category 2 storm. Because of the damage, the name "Dean" was retired, and will not be used again for a tropical cyclone.
The river has its origins high up in the Andes of Peru and Ecuador. Most of this drainage basin (54%) is in Brazil, including the lower part, other portions are parts of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Columbia and a small part of Venezuela. The river also has tributaries from Colombia, Venezuela and Bolivia. The Amazon rainforest is the largest in the world, covering about 8,235,430 km with dense tropical forest. Most of the basin is covered by the Amazon rainforest, also known as Amazonia.
Bixa orellana (also known as achiote) is a shrub or small tree from the tropical area of the American continent. The name comes from the Nahuatl word for the shrub, "achiotl". It is also known as Aploppas, and its first Tupi name "urucu". It is grown there and in Southeast Asia, where it was brought by the Spanish in the 17th century. It is best known as the source of the natural pigment annatto, made from the fruit. The plant bears pink flowers and bright red spiny fruits which contain red seeds. The fruits dry and harden to brown capsules.
Tlatoani ( ; plural ', ) is the Nahuatl word for the ruler of an "altepetl", a pre-Hispanic state. The word means "speaker", but may be translated into English as "king". A ' () is a female ruler.
Catarrh () is a thick fluid of mucus and white blood cells caused by the swelling of the mucous membranes in the head because of an infection. It is a symptom usually from the common cold and coughs, but can also be found in people with infections of the adenoids, middle ear, sinus or tonsils.
Upper class is an idea in sociology. It refers to the group of people at the top of a society. They are the wealthiest group of society. Members of an upper class often have great power over resources and governmental policy in their area. They may have acquired these things by inheritance, for example by being monarchs or aristocrats, or by commerce. They may own much land or other valuable property, and may spend much of their income on luxury goods such as yachts and mansions.
The city of Veracruz is an important port city on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It has a population of 444,438 in the city according to the 2005 census.
The Royal College of Physicians of London was the first medical group in England to receive a Royal Charter. It was created in 1518 and is one of the most active of all medical groups. It was originally created as the College of Physicians by royal charter of King Henry VIII in 1518.
Cocoa butter, also called theobroma oil, is the pale-yellow, pure vegetable fat of the cacao bean. It is used to make solid chocolate bars, and mixed with cocoa powder to make solid pieces of chocolate. Cocoa butter is removed from the cacao beans and can be used to make chocolate, pharmaceuticals, ointments, and toiletries. Cocoa butter has a mild chocolate flavor and smell. It is one of the most stable fats known.
Dodge is an American automobile, SUV and truck maker. They are based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. Dodge was created by brothers Horace and John Dodge in 1900. Dodge was sold to Chrysler in 1928. In 2010 Dodge announced it would spin-off the Ram division making it its own brand. 1900
Both children and adults enjoy arts and crafts. Children in schools may learn skills such as woodworking, wood carving, sewing, or making things with all sorts of material. Many community centres and schools have evening or day classes and workshops where one can learn arts and craft skills
Stellantis North America, (officially FCA US, LLC) and formerly Chrysler Corporation is a car manufacturer based in the United States. They are one of the oldest car manufacturers in the world. They own other car companies such as Dodge, Jeep, and Ram Trucks. 1925
Chrysler Corporation was created by Walter P. Chrysler in 1925 when he renamed the Maxwell Motor Company. From 1998 to 2007, Chrysler was part of DiamlerChrysler, a large German company. Then it was owned by Cerberus Capital Management. Chrysler declared Chapter 11 Bankruptcy on August 30, 2009. In 1978 Lee Iacocca left Ford Motor Company to become president and CEO of Chrysler Corporation in 1978. In 1979 Lee Iacocca added the title of chairman, until his retirement in 1992. In 1979, Chrysler Corporation had financial problems. They got 1.5 billion dollars from the U.S. government. Then, Chrysler Corporation created the K-car platform, invented the minivan, and sold many trucks to the army. Chrysler Corporation acquired American Motors in 1988, and rebranded the auto company as Eagle. They slowly recovered. Chrysler is currently owned by Italian automotive Fiat, the two companies merged forming Fiat Chrysler Automobiles or FCA for short. FCA in 2020 merged with the PSA group to form Stellantis. The company still trades as Chrysler in the United States.
At its peak, Chrysler owned Dodge, Jeep, Plymouth, DeSoto, Valiant, Imperial, and Eagle (AMC). Only Chrysler, Dodge, and Jeep survived. In 2010 Chrysler announced it would spin the Ram Trucks off into its own division and Dodge would focus on performance status.
Ijaz-ul-Haq
Muhammad Ijaz-ul-Haq (, born 20 February 1952) is a prominent Pakistani politician and former Federal Minister for Religious Affairs of Pakistan.
Zille Huma () is the daughter of the late Melody Queen Madam Noor Jehan and the only one of her four daughters to follow in her mother's footsteps. Today, she is a popular Pakistani pop singer.
In computer science, a space-time or time-memory tradeoff is a way of solving a problem or calculation in less time by using more storage space (or memory), or by solving a problem in very little space by spending a long time. Most computers have a large amount of space, but not infinite space. Most people are willing to wait a little while for a big calculation, but not forever. So if a problem is taking a long time but not much memory, a space-time tradeoff would use more memory and solve the problem more quickly.
The most common condition is an algorithm using a lookup table. This means that the answers for some question for every possible value can be written down. One way of solving this problem is to write down the entire lookup table, which will find answers very quickly, but will use a lot of space. Another way is to calculate the answers without writing down anything, which uses very little space, but might take a long time.
S is a predecessor to the Rijndael algorithm, which was adopted in 2001 as the Advanced Encryption Standard by the U.S. government.
Insectivorous plants have leaves that are made like pitchers or bladders which catch insects. Today, five different ways of trapping are known:
Brett Michael Emerton (born 22 February 1979) is an Australian former professional footballer who played for Sydney Olympic, Sydney FC, Feyenoord Rotterdam, Blackburn Rovers and the Australia national team.
Fazilka
The flag of Azerbaijan () is one of the national symbols of Azerbaijan and consists of three equal horizontal bands, from top: blue, red, and green; a white crescent and an eight-pointed star are centered in the red band. The official colours and size were adopted on February 5, 1991. The flag is used on land as the civil, state and war flag, and at sea as the civil, state and naval ensign and naval jack. The specific shades of the national flag were laid out in a 2004 law.
In computer science, a lookup table is a data structure, usually an array or associative array, used to replace a runtime computation (calculation) with a simple array indexing operation. The main purpose is in saving run time since retrieving a value from memory is often faster than undergoing a time consuming computation (see Space-time tradeoff). Lookup tables are also used to validate input values by matching against a list of valid (or invalid) items in an array.
BBC Radio 1Xtra (also known as 1Xtra) is a digital British contemporary black music station from the BBC. The station was launched at 6pm on 16 August 2002. It was called "Network X" during the planning period. It is the complement station to Radio 1 and is broadcast from the same building as Radio 1 - Yalding House in central London. This is part of the BBC's massive Broadcasting House complex of radio studios and other offices.
Claudio Ulpiano (1932-1999) was a Brazilian philosopher and expert on the work of Gilles Deleuze. He taught at the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro and Universidade Federal Fluminense.
Henrique George Mautner (born January 17, 1941), better known by his stage name Jorge Mautner, is a Brazilian writer and singer of Jewish descent. He is the creator of the Moviment of Kaos.
Meshuggah has been nominated for Grammis two times: once for "Catch Thirtythree", and once for "obZen". In 2018, the band was nominated for a Grammy Award for their song "Clockworks". All of the band's albums after "Nothing" have been on the "Billboard 200" music chart.
Meshuggah was made in 1987 by singer and guitarist Jens Kidman. He named it "Meshuggah" because the word means "crazy" in Yiddish. The band recorded many demos. It broke up after Kidman left. Kidman made a new band named Calipash. It had Thordendal as a guitarist. It also had bassist Peter Nordin and drummer Niklas Lundgren. Kidman and Thordendal decided to rename the band to Meshuggah.
In 1989, Meshuggah released an extended play (EP) with three songs. It was named "Meshuggah". It is also known as "Psykisk Testbild". The band made 1,000 vinyl copies of the EP. The copies were sold at a local music store. In 1990, drummer Tomas Haake replaced Niklas Lundgren.
Thordendal was working as a carpenter. He cut off the tip of his left middle finger in an accident. Haake also hurt his hand in an accident. Because of this, the band could not play music for many months. Thordendal had surgery to put his fingertip back on. The finger healed. Meshuggah recorded an EP named "Selfcaged" in 1994. They released it in 1995 because of the injuries.
The album was released in May 1995. Critics liked the album. One said that the album was the "work of highly skilled men with powerful instruments".
Later in 1995, Meshuggah went on tour with Swedish band Clawfinger. Nordin had to leave the band because of his dizziness. Gustaf Hielm replaced him. The band went on another tour in late 1995 with Hypocrisy. In 1997, the band moved to Stockholm to be closer to their record label.
Meshuggah made an EP named "The True Human Design" in late 1997. It had one new song named "Sane". The other tracks were different versions of the song "Future Breed Machine" from "Destroy Erase Improve". Thordendal also released his own album. It was named "Sol Niger Within". At the end of the year, Meshuggah started planning their next album.
In May 1998, the band said that their next album would be named "Chaosphere". Meshuggah recorded music for the album in May and June. The band went on a tour in the United States. They released the album in November 1998. "Chaosphere" had less thrash metal music on it. This was because the band wanted to make groovier music. In early 1999, Meshuggah went with Slayer on an American tour.
After the concerts and new album, many popular heavy metal magazines wrote about Meshuggah. The band started to write new music in 2000. They said that work was going "slowly". When they were making their next album, Meshuggah released "Rare Trax". This was many songs the band did not release. It also had music from the "Meshuggah" EP. Hielm left the band in July 2001. Meshuggah joined Tool on a long concert tour. They played music for over 100,000 people.
"Chaosphere" was recorded in five to six weeks in May 2002. The band decided to play at Ozzfest (a music festival). This made the band have to produce the album in only three days. After recording the album, Meshuggah went on an American tour.
The album "Nothing" was released in August 2002. It sold over 6,000 copies in its first week of being sold. It reached number 165 on the "Billboard" 200. Meshuggah was the first member of Nuclear Blast that went onto the "Billboard" 200 music chart. The compact disc version of "Nothing" has no words on it except for "ingenting". This means "nothing" in Swedish. At the end of 2002, the band went on another tour with Tool. They also went on their own tour.
Meshuggah released a remixed version of "Nothing" in October 2006. The remix also had a DVD with videos of the band playing live, as well as the band's music videos for "Shed", "Rational Gaze", and "New Millenium Cyanide Christ".
In March 2007, the band started making "obZen." They finished the album in October, and released it in March 2008. Most of the time the band took making the album was used to learn how to play the music they wrote. It was the longest time they had ever taken to make an album. "obZen" reached number 59 on the "Billboard" 200 music chart. It sold 50,000 copies after six months. After releasing the album, the band went on a world tour. They played in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia.
In January 2009, "obZen" was nominated for a Swedish Grammy award. However, it did not win. Haake said the band was planning on making another album. In April, Meshuggah had to cancel the concerts they were going to play at. This was because Haake had a herniated disc in his spine. He got surgery for it, and the band was able to play music in the summer.
The band's seventh album, "Koloss", was released in March 2012. It reached number 17 on the "Billboard" Top 200, and number 12 in Sweden.
In February 2013, Meshuggah released an EP with two songs on it. It was named "Pitch Black". The extended play has a song on it named "Pitch Black" which was made by Thordendal in 2003. The other song on the EP is a live recording of "Dancers to a Discordant System" from "obZen". On May 12, 2016, Meshuggah put a video on YouTube saying their next album would be released in 2016. Later, the band said the album was named "The Violent Sleep of Reason". It was released in October 2016, and reached number 17 on the "Billboard" 200.
In June 2017, the band said that Thordendal was taking a break from touring. He would be replaced with guitarist Per Nilsson from Scar Symmetry. In 2018, Meshuggah was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance for their song "Clockworks".
In March 2021, Thordendal came back to the band so they could work on a new album. They released their ninth album, "Immutable", on April 1, 2022.
Meshuggah plays many different types of metal music. Many music critics have said their music is experimental metal. It has also been called groove metal, alternative metal, extreme metal, and progressive metal.
Andy McKee is a fingerstyle guitarist from Topeka, Kansas. He became famous through his YouTube videos in 2006.
The movie is about a spolied chihuahua from Beverly Hills named Chloe (voiced by Drew Barrymore). Her owner, "Aunt Viv" (Jamie Lee Curtis), has to go to Italy, so she leaves Chloe with her niece, Rachel Ashe Lynn (Piper Perabo). Rachel and her friends go on vacation to Mexico, and Chloe gets dognapped by an evil Mexican dognapper who at first wants to use her in dog fights but sees her value and wishes to put her at ransom (have the owners have to pay money to get her back). In the meantime, Papi (voiced by George Lopez), a male chihuahua who is in love with her is on the lookout for her. Chloe makes friendship with a lonely German Shepherd named Delgado (voiced by Andy Garcia) who travels with her to protect her from the evil Dobermann (voiced by Edward James Olmos) who wants to kill her and steal her diamond collar to return it to the dognapper who owns him.
From 1970 to 1974 he was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Later he was one of the founders of the "Alternative List for Democracy and Environmental Protection," which later became the Berlin section of the Green Party of Germany.
He died on 29 August 2022 in Berlin, Germany from a long-illness at the age of 83.
Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966 in Gainesville, Florida) is a professional freestyle skateboarder, and considered to be one of the most influential skaters in the history of the sport. He is credited with inventing many tricks, including the flat-ground Ollie (originally called the 'ollie pop'), the kickflip (originally called "magic flips"), the Heelflip, the 360 flip, and the Ollie Impossible (more often called the Impossible).
In July 2021, Hawk briefly ended his competitive retirement to participate in the Vert Best Trick event at that year's X Games, finishing in fourth place out of nine competitors.
Multiple penetration, or double penetration means someone is penetrated in more than one place. Types of double penetration are:
Christopher John "Topher" Grace (born July 12, 1978) is an American actor. He is best known for playing the main character, Eric Forman, on the long-running Fox sitcom "That '70s Show". Grace also played the villain Eddie Brock, Jr. in the movie "Spider-Man 3.
Landon Donovan (born 4 March 1982) is a former American soccer player. He played for the Los Angeles Galaxy and United States national team, and was the captain for both of them. He is the former captain of The Los Angeles Galaxy and the men's national team.
Donovan has more assists than any other male player, and is the leader of assists for the United States men's national team, and also the second place for most appearances.
DaMarcus Beasley (born May 24 1982 in Fort Wayne, Indiana) is an American former soccer player.
Alecko Eskandarian (born July 9, 1982) is an American former soccer player.
Smash Hits was a pop music based magazine. It was made for children and young teenagers. The magazine was first published in the United Kingdom. It ran from 1978 to 2006 and was issued fortnightly for most of that time. The name survives as a brand for a related spin-off digital television channel, digital radio station, and website which have survived the end of the printed magazine.
The "Internet Security Glossary" advises against using the term "cryptosystem", giving the following definitions.
PGP and other similar products follow the OpenPGP standard () for encrypting and decrypting data.
OpenPGP is on the Internet Standards Track; the current specification is (November 2007). OpenPGP is still under development and the successor to , which is , has been made a proposed standard. Many e-mail clients provide "OpenPGP-compliant" email security as described in .
Matthew Richard "Matt" Stone (born May 26, 1971) is an Academy Award- nominated Emmy Award- winning American animator, screenwriter, director, producer, voice actor, musician and actor. He and Trey Parker created the animated television series, "South Park".
Most people did not see Mongolia or Tibet as independent. They said that these areas belonged to China. Western powers had made treaties with the Qing Dynasty, and China had said it would honour these treaties. If they had recognised either Tibet or Mongolia, these treaties would have become invalid. The main Western powers were the United Kingdom and Russia. Both feared that if they saw the countries as independent, they could come under the influence of the other western powers. In their opinion, that situation was worse than if China controlled both of them, because China was weak.
Springfield is a city in Massachusetts, United States. In the year 2020, 155,929 people lived in the city and 700,000 people live in Metropolitan Springfield. Springfield is the largest city on the Connecticut River. It is at a natural crossroads where three rivers flow into the Connecticut River.
Springfield is near Hartford, Connecticut. The two cities are only 24 miles (38 km) apart. Airline service to Springfield and Hartford is provided from Bradley International Airport. Bradley is 12 miles (19 km) away from Springfield, and 12 miles (19 km) away from Hartford.
The Big Bang Theory is an American television sitcom. It was created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady. It was first shown on CBS on September 24, 2007.
The show began as a sitcom about four geeky, male scientists and their fun-loving, under-educated, socially successful waitress neighbour. Much of the humor revolved around the differences between scientists and the rest of the characters, especially Penny. From season 3 onwards, the show changed greatly into being a show about couples and families. Bernadette Rostenkowski was brought in during season 3 and started a relationship with Howard. The couple later married and had a daughter and a son. Amy Farrah-Fowler was also brought in during season 3 and started a relationship with Sheldon; they later got married and had one child. Leonard and Penny became a couple and married. The show frequently shuffles between romantic comedy and relationship drama.
"Smilodon populator" (1 mya to 10 kya) was a large, heavy species from eastern South America. It was 1.2 m high at the shoulder, 2.1 m (83 in) long on average. With an estimated weight of 220 to 400 kg, it was among the heaviest known felids. Its upper canines reached 28 cm (11 in) and protruded up to 17 cm (6.7 in) out of the upper jaw.
"Smilodon fatalis" (or "S. californicus"; 1.6 mya to 10,000 years ago) was the famous cat known from the Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles. The tar, a bit like asphalt, has yielded about a million bones of late Pleistocene mammals, of which 162,000 bones are from "Smilodon", representing perhaps 1200 individuals. The cat was about the size of a female lion, but weighed more, perhaps 200 kg. It was about 1 metre tall at the shoulders.
"Smilodon" is most famous for its relatively long canines, which are the longest found in the saber-toothed cats, at about long in the largest species "Smilodon populator". Those of "S. fatalis" reached their full size in 18 months at a growth rate of 7 mm/month. These canine teeth were slender and had fine serrations. They were fragile and could not have bitten into bone. Therefore, the cats did not use their long teeth to take down prey. Only when their prey was subdued did they use their teeth.
The Clash is the first album-length recording made by English punk rock band the Clash. It was released twice. Both releases are still in print: the original version in 1977 and the changed U.S. version in 1979 (with several post-1977 single sides added to the album).
Give 'Em Enough Rope is the second album by English punk rock band the Clash. It was released in 1978. In the United States, this was their first official album because it was released before the U.S. version of "The Clash". The album was well liked and got to number 2 in the UK chart, and number 128 in the U.S.
The Daily Show (known currently as The Daily Show with Trevor Noah (Jon Stewart was the host from 1999-2015 and Craig Kilborn from 1996-1998) is an Emmy Award winning news parody television program. It airs each Monday through Thursday on Comedy Central in the United States. The half-hour long program was first shown on Monday, July 22, 1996. It was first hosted by Craig Kilborn. Kilborn acted as its anchorman until December 1998. Jon Stewart took over as host in January 1999. Many changes were made to the program at that time. Stewart retired in 2015. The show will be hosted by South African comedian Trevor Noah in September 2015.
The monologue segment is often followed by a segment featuring an exchange with a correspondent, either at the anchor desk with the host or reporting from a false location in front of a greenscreen showing stock footage. They typically present absurd or humorously exaggerated takes on current events against the host's straight man. Some correspondent segments involve the show's members travelling to different locations to file comedic reports on current news stories and conduct interviews with people related to the featured issue.
Correspondents are typically introduced as the show's "senior" specialist in the story's subject, and can range from relatively general (such as Senior Political Analyst) to absurdly specific (such as Senior Religious Registry Correspondent). The cast of correspondents is quite diverse, and many often sarcastically portray extreme stereotypes of themselves to poke fun at a news story, such as "Senior Latino Correspondent", "Senior Youth Correspondent" or "Senior Black Correspondent".
Former correspondents John Oliver and Wyatt Cenac at the launch of "Earth (The Book): A Visitor's Guide to the Human Race"
While correspondents stated to be reporting abroad are usually performing in-studio in front of a greenscreen background, on rare occasions, cast members have recorded pieces on location. For instance, during the week of August 20, 2007, the show aired a series of segments called "Operation Silent Thunder: The Daily Show in Iraq" in which correspondent Rob Riggle reported from Iraq. In August 2008, Riggle traveled to China for a series of segments titled "Rob Riggle: Chasing the Dragon", which focused on the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
Some segments have recurred periodically throughout different tenures, such as "Back in Black" (segments hosted by comedian Lewis Black) & "Your Moment of Zen". Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, a common segment of the show has been dubbed "Mess O' Potamia", focusing on the United States' policies in the Middle East, especially Iraq. Elections in the United States were a prominent focus in the show's "Indecision" coverage throughout Stewart & Noah's time as host (the title "InDecision" is a parody of NBC News' "Decision" segment). Since 2000, under Stewart's tenure, the show went on the road to record week-long specials from the cities hosting the Democratic and Republican National Convention. For the 2006 U.S. midterm elections, a week of episodes was recorded in the contested state of Ohio. The "Indecision" & "Democalypse" coverage of the 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 elections all culminated in live Election Night specials.
With Noah as host, one new recurring segment has been "What the Actual Fact", with correspondent Desi Lydic examining statements made by political figures during speeches or events. Under Noah, the continuation of "Democalypse" and "Indecision" also took place with live shows after the Republican National Convention and Democratic National Convention. For the first time, under Noah, the show also went live after all three U.S. presidential debates in 2016.
In the show's third act, the host conducts an interview with a celebrity guest. Guests come from a wide range of cultural sources, and include actors, musicians, authors, athletes, pundits, policy experts and political figures. During Stewart's tenure, the show's guests tended away from celebrities and more towards non-fiction authors and political pundits, as well as many prominent elected officials. In the show's earlier years it struggled to book high-profile politicians. (In 1999, for an "Indecision 2000" segment, Steve Carell struggled to talk his way off Republican candidate John McCain's press overflow bus and onto the Straight Talk Express). However its rise in popularity, particularly following the show's coverage of the 2000 and 2004 elections, made Stewart according to a "Rolling Stone" (2006) article, "the hot destination for anyone who wants to sell books or seem hip, from presidential candidates to military dictators". "Newsweek" labeled it "the coolest pit stop on television".
The show has played host to former and current members of the Administration and Cabinet as well as members of Congress. Numerous presidential candidates have appeared on the show during their campaigns, including John McCain, John Kerry, Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton.
In a closing segment, there is a brief segue to the closing credits in the form of the host introducing "Your Moment of Zen", a humorous piece of video footage without commentary that has been part of the show's wrap-up since the series began in 1996. The segment often relates to a story covered earlier in the episode, but occasionally is merely a humorous or ridiculous clip. Occasionally, the segment is used as a tribute to someone who has died.
Sometimes, before the "Your Moment of Zen", this segment is used for quick promotions. The host might promote the show that follows right after their broadcast, such as promoting the show "@midnight". This time has also been used to promote films, books or stand-up specials that are affiliated with the host.
In October 2005, following "The Colbert Report"'s premiere, a new feature (sometimes referred to as the toss) was added to the closing segment in which Stewart would have a short exchange with "our good friend, Stephen Colbert at "The Colbert Report"", which aired immediately after. The two would have a scripted comedic exchange via split-screen from their respective sets. In 2007, the "toss" was cut back to twice per week, and by 2009 was once a week before gradually being phased out. It was used on the 2014 mid-term election night and again just before the final episode of "The Colbert Report" on December 18, 2014, and returned upon the premiere of "The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore". Stewart then regularly tossed to Wilmore at the end of his Monday night episodes. Under Noah, the "toss" has been used for "The Opposition with Jordan Klepper" and "Lights Out with David Spade".
Outside of the "Daily Show" studio, pictured in 2007, during Stewart's tenure
The host sits at his desk on the elevated island stage in the style of a traditional news show. The show relocated from its original New York studio in late-1998 to NEP Studio 54 in New York City's Hell's Kitchen neighborhood, where it remained until 2005, when the studio was claimed by "The Colbert Report". On July 11, 2005, the show premiered in its new studio, NEP Studio 52, at 733 11th Avenue, a few blocks west of its former location. The set of the new studio was given a sleeker, more formal look, including a backdrop of three large projection screens. The traditional guests' couch, which had been a part of the set since the show's premiere, was done away with in favor of simple upright chairs. The change was initially not well-received, spawning a backlash among some fans and prompting a "Bring Back the Couch" campaign. The campaign was mentioned on subsequent shows by Stewart and supported by "Daily Show" contributor Bob Wiltfong. The couch was eventually featured in a sweepstakes in which the winner received the couch, round-trip tickets to New York, tickets to the show, and a small sum of money.
The sign over the entryway of the current "Daily Show" studio
On April 9, 2007, the show debuted a new set. The projection screens were revamped (with one large screen behind Stewart, while the smaller one behind the interview subject remained the same), a large, global map directly behind Stewart, a more open studio floor, and a J-shaped desk supported at one end by a globe. The intro was also updated; the graphics, display names, dates, and logos were all changed.
Outside of the "Daily Show" studio, pictured in 2019, during Noah's tenure
"The Daily Show" typically tapes four new episodes a week, Monday through Thursday, forty-two weeks a year. The show is broadcast at 11 PM Eastern/10 PM Central, a time when local television stations show their news reports and about half an hour before most other late-night comedy programs begin to go on the air. The program is rerun several times the next day, including a 7:30 PM Eastern/6:30 PM Central prime time broadcast.
"The Daily Show" was created by Lizz Winstead and Madeleine Smithberg and premiered on Comedy Central on July 22, 1996, having been marketed as a replacement for "Politically Incorrect" (a successful Comedy Central program that had moved to ABC earlier that year). Madeleine Smithberg was co-creator of "The Daily Show" as well as the former executive producer. A graduate of Binghamton University, she was an executive producer of "Steve Harvey's Big Time" and a talent coordinator for "Late Night with David Letterman".
Aiming to parody conventional newscasts, it featured a comedic monologue of the day's headlines from anchor Craig Kilborn (a well-known co-anchor of ESPN's "SportsCenter"), as well as mockumentary style on-location reports, in-studio segments and debates from regular correspondents Winstead, Brian Unger, Beth Littleford, and A. Whitney Brown.
Common segments included "This Day in Hasselhoff History" and "Last Weekend's Top-Grossing Films, Converted into Lira", in parody of entertainment news shows and their tendency to lead out to commercials with trivia such as celebrity birthdays. Another commercial lead-out featured Winstead's parents, on her answering machine, reading that day's "Final Jeopardy!" question and answer. In each show, Kilborn would conduct celebrity interviews, ending with a segment called "Five Questions" in which the guest was made to answer a series of questions that were typically a combination of obscure fact and subjective opinion. These are highlighted in a 1998 book titled "The Daily Show: Five Questions", which contains transcripts of Kilborn's best interviews. Each episode concluded with a segment called "Your Moment of Zen" that showed random video clips of humorous and sometimes morbid interest such as visitors at a Chinese zoo feeding baby chickens to the alligators. Originally the show was recorded without a studio audience, featuring only the laughter of its own off-camera staff members. A studio audience was incorporated into the show for its second season, and has remained since.
The show was much less politically focused than it later became under Jon Stewart, having what Stephen Colbert described as a local news feel and involving more character-driven humor as opposed to news-driven humor. Winstead recalls that when the show was first launched there was constant debate regarding what the show's focus should be. While she wanted a more news-driven focus, the network was concerned that this would not appeal to viewers and pushed for "a little more of a hybrid of entertainment and politics". The show was slammed by some reviewers as being too mean-spirited, particularly towards the interview subjects of field pieces; a criticism acknowledged by some of the show's cast. Describing his time as a correspondent under Kilborn, Colbert says, "You wanted to take your soul off, put it on a wire hanger, and leave it in the closet before you got on the plane to do one of these pieces." One reviewer from "The New York Times" criticized the show for being too cruel and for lacking a central editorial vision or ideology, describing it as "bereft of an ideological or artistic center... precocious but empty."
There were reports of backstage friction between Kilborn and some of the female staff, particularly the show's co-creator Lizz Winstead. Winstead had not been involved in the hiring of Kilborn, and disagreed with him over what direction the show should take. "I spent eight months developing and staffing a show and seeking a tone with producers and writers. Somebody else put him in place. There were bound to be problems. I viewed the show as content-driven; he viewed it as host-driven", she said. In a 1997 "Esquire" magazine interview, Kilborn made a sexually explicit joke about Winstead. Comedy Central responded by suspending Kilborn without pay for one week, and Winstead quit soon after.
In 1998, Kilborn left "The Daily Show" to replace Tom Snyder on CBS's "The Late Late Show" (Now Hosted by James Corden). He claimed the "Five Questions" interview segment as intellectual property, disallowing any future "Daily Show" hosts from using it in their interviews. Correspondents Brian Unger and A. Whitney Brown left the show shortly before him, but the majority of the show's crew and writing staff stayed on. Kilborn's last show as host aired on December 17, 1998, ending a 386-episode tenure. Reruns were shown until Jon Stewart's debut four weeks later. Kilborn made a short appearance on Jon Stewart's final edition of the "Daily Show" saying "I knew you were going to run this thing into the ground."