adityasasidhar/Wikipedia_Cleaned huggingface dataset:
Structuralism is a foundational school of thought in psychology that emerged in the late 19th century. It aimed to understand the human mind by breaking down mental processes into basic components and exploring their interrelationships. This approach marked a significant departure from earlier philosophical and
introspective methods, laying the groundwork for the scientific study of psychology.
Structuralism gained prominence in the late 1800s, a time when psychology was transitioning from philosophy and speculation to a more empirical and scientific discipline. Wilhelm Wundt, a German psychologist, is often considered the father of structuralism. In 1879, he established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, where he conducted experiments to explore the structure of human consciousness.
Edward B. Titchener, a British psychologist who studied under Wilhelm Wundt in Germany, played a significant role in the development of Structuralism in psychology. After returning to the United States, Titchener established the psychological school known as structuralism at Cornell University. He further advanced and popularized the structuralist approach, emphasizing the importance of introspection as a method to analyze and describe the structure of the mind. Titchener's work and teachings had a profound influence on the early development of psychology in the United States, contributing to the spread and prominence of structuralism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
1. Introspection: Central to structuralism was the use of introspection, a method in which individuals described their thoughts, feelings, and sensations in response to specific stimuli. Researchers believed that by analyzing these subjective experiences, they could uncover the fundamental elements of consciousness.
2. Elemental Components: Structuralists aimed to identify the basic elements, or "atoms," of consciousness. They believed that by breaking down mental experiences into their elemental components, they could better understand the underlying structure of the mind.
3. Mental Processes: Structuralists focused on studying various mental processes, such as perception, sensation, and memory, to discern (distinguish) the relationships between these components and how they contributed to the overall structure of consciousness.
1. Sensation and Perception: Structuralists conducted experiments to investigate how individuals perceive sensory stimuli, such as colors, shapes, and sounds. By breaking down these perceptions into their basic components, researchers sought to understand how they contributed to the overall experience of consciousness.
2. Memory: Memory was another area of interest for structuralists. They explored how memories were formed, stored, and recalled, aiming to identify the basic elements that constituted the process of remembering.
3. Language: Some structuralists extended their focus to language, analyzing its elemental components and how they combined to form meaningful thoughts and expressions. This approach paved the way for later developments in linguistics and cognitive psychology.
Despite its contributions, structuralism faced criticism for its reliance on introspection, which was considered subjective and difficult to standardize. Over time, other schools of thought, such as functionalism and behaviorism, gained prominence. However, structuralism's emphasis on breaking down mental processes laid the foundation for future psychological research and the development of more systematic methods.
In summary, structuralism in psychology was a pioneering movement that aimed to understand the human mind by dissecting mental experiences into their elemental components. Although it eventually gave way to other schools of thought, its impact on the field is undeniable, shaping the way psychologists approached the study of consciousness and laying the groundwork for the scientific methodology that defines modern psychology.
McMuffin
A McMuffin is a breakfast sandwich from McDonald's, a popular fast food chain. The main one is the Egg McMuffin, made by Herb Peterson in 1972. It looks like eggs benedict, a classic American breakfast with English muffins, ham, eggs, and hollandaise sauce. The Egg McMuffin has a cracked Grade A egg on a toasted English muffin with real butter, Canadian bacon, and American cheese.
The Egg McMuffin is a quick breakfast to eat, with 310 calories. Even though it seems simple, it actually has nearly 50 ingredients.
McPlant
The McPlant is a sandwich from McDonald's fast food chain. Its main difference from a common hamburger is that it doesn't meat. Instead, it has a patty made from plants. It was created in collaboration with "Beyond Meat", a company that makes plant-based meat. The patty is made from things like peas, rice and potatoes instead of beef or chicken. The main ingredients are onions, pickles, lettuce, tomato, ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise and cheese. The McPlant is an option for people who avoid eating meat or vegans.
Introspection, a term rooted in philosophy and psychology, is the process of self-examination and reflection on one's own thoughts, emotions, and experiences. This introspective journey has a rich history, significantly impacting both philosophical and psychological discourse throughout the ages.
The roots of introspection trace back to ancient philosophical traditions, notably in Greek philosophy with thinkers like Socrates, who proclaimed that "know thyself" was the key to wisdom. However, introspection took a more systematic turn during the 19th century with the advent of introspective psychology
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, introspection became a cornerstone of psychological inquiry. Pioneered by thinkers such as Wilhelm Wundt and Edward B. Titchener, introspective psychology aimed to study conscious mental processes by having individuals reflect on their inner experiences. Participants would be asked to describe their thoughts, emotions, and sensations in response to various stimuli.
However, the method faced criticism for its subjectivity and lack of objectivity. Critics argued that personal biases and the inability to access certain mental processes made introspection unreliable as a scientific tool.
In contemporary philosophy, introspection continues to be a topic of interest. Philosophers explore the nature of self-awareness, consciousness, and the reliability of introspective knowledge. Questions surrounding the relationship between introspection and external reality remain central to debates within the philosophy of mind.
While introspective psychology declined, its influence persists in modern psychology. Contemporary approaches, such as cognitive psychology, acknowledge the importance of self-reflection in understanding mental processes. However, the emphasis has shifted towards more objective methods, including behavioral observations and neuroscientific techniques.
The dual impact of introspection on philosophy and psychology has faced challenges and undergone transformations over time. Researchers continually seek ways to integrate subjective introspective insights with objective measures to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the human mind.
Introspection, with its roots in ancient philosophy and blossoming in the history of psychology, remains a crucial aspect of understanding the human experience. While the method has evolved and faced challenges, its legacy endures, shaping ongoing discussions in philosophy and influencing modern psychological perspectives. The exploration of the inner self continues to captivate the curious minds of thinkers across disciplines, seeking to unravel the mysteries of the human psyche.
Ruald Strydom
Ruald Strydom GCOB (born 1985) is a South African entrepreneur and philanthropist. He started CEO GOLF.
In 2023, Strydom received the Order of the Baobab (Grand Counsellor of the Baobab) from the President of South Africa, Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa. This award recognized his important work as a philanthropist globally. The Order of the Baobab is a prestigious honor in South Africa. It's given to individuals who have made significant contributions to democracy and the betterment of South African lives.
Strydom went to Barberton Primary School and Barberton High School.
South African National Order; The Order of the Baobab (GCOB) (2023).
Edward B. Titchener (1867-1927) was a prominent figure in the field of psychology, best known for his role in developing structuralism, a school of thought that aimed to understand the basic elements of human consciousness. Born in Chichester, England, Titchener's intellectual pursuits led him to become a key figure in the early days of experimental psychology in the United States.
Titchener began his academic journey at Malvern College in England before crossing the Atlantic to further his studies at Cornell University in the United States. Under the mentorship of the renowned psychologist Wilhelm Wundt, Titchener delved into the world of experimental psychology. He later earned his doctorate at Leipzig University, solidifying his foundation in the emerging field.
In 1892, Titchener returned to Cornell as a professor, where he would leave an indelible mark on the landscape of psychology. Throughout his career, he exhibited a passion for understanding the intricacies of the human mind through systematic observation and experimentation.
Titchener's most significant contribution to psychology lies in his development and promotion of structuralism. This school of thought aimed to analyze the fundamental components of conscious experience, breaking it down into its basic elements or "structures." Titchener believed that by identifying and understanding these elements, one could comprehend the complexities of the mind.
To explore these mental structures, Titchener relied heavily on introspection, a method where individuals would reflect on their thoughts and experiences. Subjects were asked to describe their sensations, feelings, and perceptions in response to specific stimuli, allowing Titchener to build a systematic framework for understanding the mind.
Despite its influence, structuralism faced criticisms, and Titchener's reliance on introspection drew skepticism from other psychologists. The approach's subjectivity and the challenge of replicating findings limited its impact on the broader field. Titchener's death in 1927 marked the decline of structuralism, giving way to other psychological perspectives.
While structuralism may not dominate contemporary psychology, Titchener's contributions paved the way for the development of psychological theories and methodologies. His dedication to the scientific exploration of the mind continues to be recognized and studied, making Edward B. Titchener a notable figure in the history of psychology.
Center Lake Como
Tremezzo, Lierna, Varenna, Griante, Cadenabbia, Menaggio, Bellagio were the preferred locations of European nobility at the end of the century, and they are the most exclusive villages with the highest cost per square meter on Lake Como. However, there are no transactions because no one wants to sell at any price. Each property in these areas is a trophy and a global status symbol.
The Centro-Lake Como (Centro-Lago di Como) encapsulates the region between Bellagio, Lierna, Varenna, Menaggio, Tramezzina, and the Comacina Island, representing the epitome of beauty and prestige throughout Lake Como. This locale has been a stronghold for European nobility for centuries, earning praise from George Clooney himself, who likened Lierna to Monte Carlo. The venerable Sigismondo Boldoni, mentor to Alessandro Manzoni, asserted that Lierna stands as the dominant center of all Lake Como.
Lake Como is renowned for the promontory of Bellagio in the Center-Lake, and the most captivating view is enjoyed from the summit of Monte di Lierna. The village of Lierna is built around a rock towering over the lake, characterized by picturesque colorful houses arranged around the bay. In this enchanting setting, the lake reflects the colors of the houses, the sky, and the surrounding vegetation, while yachts, boats, and ferries contribute to creating a refined atmosphere, making Lierna an essential stop on the shores of Lake Como.
Polypedates subansiriensis
Subansiri's tree frog ("Polypedates subansiriensis") is a frog. It lives in India.
Scientists saw this frog near a river, 1550 meters above sea level.
Mital-U
mital-U is a record label from Switzerland. It started in 1996 by Bruno Waser. Some of the artists on the label are Crazy, , The Vyllies, and mittageisen.
In 1980, Bruno Waser produced the first Swiss punk LP (Crazy). Then, he produced more records for the band Crazy and the dark-wave band mittageisen.
In 1995, Bruno saw that the Internet could be good for sharing independent music. So, he started mital-U. In the following years the indie label produced records for bands like , , and The Vyllies.
mital-U also released music videos like by Grauzone (2011) and by mittageisen (2015). They're also involved in video projects about alternative music and subcultures.
mital-U works or has worked with these artists:
Butch Cassidy
Butch Cassidy was born Robert Leroy Parker on April 13, 1866, in Beaver, Utah Territory, to English immigrants Maximillian Parker and Ann Campbell Gillies. He grew up in a Mormon household, but he was not particularly religious. Cassidy was the oldest of 13 children, and his family struggled financially. He left home at a young age to work various odd jobs.
Cassidy was influenced by his grandfather, who was a pioneer and a scout, and his father, who was a rancher and a hunter. He learned how to ride, shoot, and track animals from them. He also developed a love for reading and adventure stories.
Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)
The title Master of Arts (MA) holds a unique significance in the academic traditions of prestigious universities such as Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin. This designation, however, differs from the conventional understanding of a postgraduate degree in many other educational institutions.
The origins of the Master of Arts title in these renowned universities trace back to
medieval times. In the early days, scholars who completed their Bachelor of Arts degree were automatically granted the title of "Master" as a mark of scholarly achievement and competence. Over time, this tradition evolved, and the title became a symbol of academic distinction.
In Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, the Master of Arts is not typically earned through further coursework or examinations, as is common in other universities. Instead, it is often considered as a status or a recognition of the individual's standing within the academic community.
Upon completing a Bachelor of Arts, graduates from Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin are eligible to apply for the conferment of the MA degree. The process is generally straightforward, and there are no additional academic requirements. The conferral is based on the assumption that the graduate has continued to engage in scholarly activities or has contributed significantly to their field of study since completing their bachelor's degree.
While the Master of Arts from Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin may not represent postgraduate studies in the traditional sense, it carries historical and cultural importance. It signifies a level of intellectual accomplishment and is often seen as an acknowledgment of one's commitment to the pursuit of knowledge.
Interestingly, the use of the MA title is not universal across these institutions. For instance, at Cambridge, the MA is conferred automatically, and graduates are entitled to use the title without any formalities. In contrast, at Oxford and Dublin, individuals need to apply for the MA, and there may be associated fees.
In conclusion, the Master of Arts from Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin represents a distinctive aspect of academic tradition, reflecting centuries-old practices. It is a title that goes beyond the conventional structure of postgraduate degrees, embodying a historical connection to the roots of higher education.
Moroccans () are the citizens and nationals of the Kingdom of Morocco. The country's population is predominantly composed of Amazigh (who are the indigenous people of North Africa), and Arabs, who arrived in Morocco in the 7th century during the Islamic conquests. Notable Berber tribes in Morocco include the "Baranis" and the "Masmuda", while Arab tribes include the "Banu Ma'qil" and the "Rahamna".
Moroccans speak Berber varieties which make 26% of the population of Morocco, either as a first language or bilingually with Arabic. Three different Berber dialects are spoken: Tarifit, spoken by 1.27 million mostly in the Rif mountains, Shilha, spoken by 3 to 4.5 million mostly in the Anti-Atlas mountains, and Central Atlas Tamazight, spoken by 2.3 million mostly in the Middle Atlas. Hassaniya Arabic is spoken in the southern part of the country, spoken by over 200,000 people.
Culturally, Moroccans practice the folklore equestrian tradition of tbourida.
Amerika Samoa is the regional anthem of American Samoa.
TRT World is a Turkish news channel in English language that operates 24/7 and is ran by TRT and is broadcasted from Ulus, Ankara. The channel provides worldwide news coverage which mainly focuses on Turkey, West Asia, South Asia, Europe, and Africa. The channel also has broadcasting centres in London and Washington, D.C. The channel is a member of the Association for International Broadcasting.
Australian Science and Mathematics School
The Australian Science and Mathematics School (ASMS) is a mixed-gender public high school for grades 10-12, located at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia. It's open to students from anywhere, including overseas. The school focuses on getting students ready for university, especially in science and math, and uses a unique teaching approach that encourages students to love learning and manage their own education.
The Australian Science and Mathematics School (ASMS) is a public, coeducational high school for students in grades 10-12, located at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia. Open to students from all over, including internationally, it aims to prepare them for university, focusing on science and math. The school promotes self-directed learning and a passion for education among both students and teachers.
Opened in 2003, ASMS has around 380 students and doesn't enforce a uniform policy to encourage cultural and social diversity. It benefits from a strong partnership with Flinders University, sharing many facilities and resources like the library and cafeteria. The school also collaborates on research projects through the Science and Technology Enterprise Partnership (STEP).
ASMS specializes in science and mathematics but provides a broad curriculum that meets the South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE) requirements. It features interdisciplinary studies for younger students and standard subjects for Year 12. Notably, the school organizes a "Field Trip Week" for practical learning experiences.
For Year 10 and 11 students, ASMS offers the Passion Project (previously called Adventure Space), allowing them to explore areas such as dance, robotics, and paleontology. These projects, while not graded, offer students a chance to delve into personal interests and engage with the university environment.
"Jesus, Take the Wheel" is a song by American singer Carrie Underwood from her debut studio album, "Some Hearts" (2005).
The music video for "Jesus, Take the Wheel" was directed by Roman White.
It premiered on CMT on November 24, 2005.
The video peaked at number 1 on CMT's "Top Twenty Countdown" for two consecutive weeks in March 2006.
Juan Gregorio de las Heras
Juan Gualberto Gregorio de Las Heras (Buenos Aires, July 11, 1780-Santiago de Chile; February 6, 1866), an Argentine soldier, was a member of the Andes Army that participated in the wars of independence of Chile and Peru from the Spanish royalists and was governor of the Province of Buenos Aires. Later he led groups that opposed Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas in his exile in Chile.
Rustlers' Rhapsody is a 1985 American western comedy movie directed by Hugh Wilson. It stars Tom Berenger, G.W. Bailey, Marilu Henner, Andy Griffin, Fernando Rey, Sela Ward, Patrick Wayne, Jim Carter, Paul Maxwell and Christopher Malcolm. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and was a box office failure.
"Temporary Home" is a 2009 song by country artist Carrie Underwood and is the second single from her third studio album "Play On". It went to number 41 in the United States and number 65 in Canada. It also went to number 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011.
Red Lenses
"Red Lenses" is a 1984 song by Canadian progressive rock band Rush. It is the seventh track from their 10th studio album "Grace Under Pressure". In the album's liner notes and lyrics are in lower case only.
1920 Revolution Brigades
The 1920 Revolution Brigades were a Sunni militant group in the country of Iraq mainly made up of members of the former members of the Iraqi army from the rule of Saddam Husayn (r.a). The group was established by former members of the Iraqi army in 2003 at the start of the invasion of Iraq by US forces. The group used explosives and attacked members of the United States Armed Forces and Kata'ib Hezbollah (l.a) The group was named after the Iraqi Revolt of 1920.
On March of 2007, somem mebers of the brigades broke off the group to create Hamas of Iraq. In a speech issued on the 18th of March 2007, the 1920 Revolution Brigades announced that it had split into two seperate brigades "Islamic Conquest" and "Islamic Jihad". Islamic Jihad renamed itself as the Twentieth Revolution Brigades while Islamic Conquest renamed itself Hamas of Iraq.
Niagara Falls (Chicago song)
"Niagara Falls" is a 1987 song by Chicago. It was the fourth single from their 15th studio album "Chicago 18" and only made number 91 in the United States.
Jenadriyah
Most of the times, it takes place in February or March during the Spring season. The festival is then celebrated for around 14 days (two weeks). People from both inside and outside Saudi Arabia come to see the festival. For 34 years, the "Ministry of the National Guard" organized the festival, but in July 2019, the duty was given to the "Ministry of Culture". The festival shows a lot of things related to Saudi Arabia. A village is shown with old items, ornaments that people wear, for example rings, bracelets, and necklaces and tools used by Saudi people over fifty years ago as well as works of art. Each year, a different country is invited as a special guest. They are called the 'Guest of Honor'. Saudi Ministry of Culture invites them to see the festival's celebration. This also helps to make good relations with that country. The festival shows Saudi Arabia's culture and history. A large number of people from other countries or places come to see this. It becomes a place to make people learn about the country's old days and its people's way of life and to also increase Tourism. With its different types of activities and tourist attraction, the festival has become an important event for promoting cultural exchange and understanding among nations.
The first National Heritage and Culture Festival began on March 24, 1985, and was open until April 3, 1985. The main goal of the festival was to promote interest in Saudi heritage "(something that is handed down from generation to generation)", save it, and educate people about it. The festival showed different activities that showed the local environment, including old houses, markets, and old sets of tools from different regions of Saudi Arabia. Over half a million visitors came to saw the festival at the village which later became known as Al-Jenadriyah Village and the festival later became known as Al-Jenadriyah Festival.
During the Sixth Jenadriyah Festival, there were poetry readings and meetings for discussion and training where people who write poetry took part. Around 290,000 people visited the book fair, and there were also theater performances that showed Saudi society's heritage. People enjoyed watching these traditional performances by folk groups from different places of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, sports events like horse racing, wheelchair race for disabled people and a camel racing competition was also started. Visitors also saw traditional Saudi activities like using a treadmill and pressing sesame plant which was done by rotating the camel around the juicer.
The Jenadriyah Festival is celebrated once in a year but in 2018 on the order of King Salman bin AbdulAziz the festival was conducted two times, first time in February and second time in December. India was the "Guest of Honor" in February while Indonesia was the "Guest of Honor" in December.
The festival opens with an opening ceremony "(held in celebration of the start of something)"; it then proceeds with various events, including:
Happy New Year (song)
"Happy New Year" is a 1980 song by ABBA and was taken from their seventh studio album "Super Trooper". It originally had a very limited release as a single in December. A Spanish-language version was released under the title "Felicidad" and went to the top 5 in Argentina and Uruguay. It was covered by the A-Teens. The English-language version was released in late 1999 for the new millennium and went to number 27 in Sweden, number 15 in the Netherlands, number 20 in Norway and number 75 in Germany.
West Midlands Combined Authority
The West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA) is a combined authority for the West Midlands metropolitan county in the United Kingdom. It was established by statutory instrument under the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009. It is a strategic authority with powers over transport, economic development and regeneration. The authority formally came into being on 17 June 2016.
There are seven indirectly elected members, who are councillors from the seven West Midlands county local authorities, as well as the Mayor of the West Midlands, who is directly elected by the county's residents.
There are also ten local authorities from outside the West Midlands county who have fewer rights
Mayor of the West Midlands
The Mayor of the West Midlands is a directly elected political post who chairs the West Midlands Combined Authority..
The first election was on Thursday 4 May 2017. Andy Street, the first Mayor, was originally due to hold office for three years, with the second election for the post taking place in May 2020. That was delayed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so his term was extended by a year. The second term length was reduced to three years between 2021 and 2024. The Mayor's term of office will return to four years from 2024 thereafter.
Leipzig University
Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany, is a renowned institution with a rich history and noteworthy contributions to education and knowledge. Established in 1409, it is one of the oldest universities in the world.
Leipzig University is located in the city of Leipzig, which is in the eastern part of Germany. Leipzig is known for its cultural heritage and historical significance, providing an inspiring backdrop for academic pursuits.
Founded more than 600 years ago, Leipzig University has played a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual landscape. It has weathered the passage of time, witnessing pivotal moments in history. The university has been a hub for learning, attracting scholars and thinkers from different parts of the world.
Like many European universities, the University of Leipzig had different colleges responsible for housing and teaching. These included the Small College, the Large College, the "Red College" (also known as the New College), the College of Our Lady, and the Pauliner College. There were also private living spaces called "bursaries." The colleges had authority over their members, but this structure was later abandoned, and only the names remain today.
In the early centuries, the university grew slowly and served mostly the local region. However, in the 19th century, it became a top-tier institution for education and research globally. At the end of the 19th century, influential scholars like "Bernhard Windscheid" (a key figure in the German Civil Code) and Wilhelm Ostwald (considered a pioneer in modern physical chemistry) taught at Leipzig.
Leipzig University was among the first German universities to admit women as "guest students." In 1873, the "Allgemeiner Deutscher Frauenverein" thanked the University of Leipzig and Prague for allowing women as guest students. That same year, "Johanna von Evreinov" became the first woman in Germany to obtain her JD.
During the decline and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Leipzig University, along with other German universities, became a hub for education for state administrations and elites of newly independent Balkan states (Romania, Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia). The university educated over 5,500 students from the region between 1859 and 1909.
Until the beginning of the Second World War, Leipzig University attracted renowned scholars and future Nobel Prize laureates such as Paul Ehrlich, Felix Bloch, Werner Heisenberg, and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. Many alumni of the university went on to become influential scientists.
The university's campus encompasses a series of buildings where students engage in various academic activities. Libraries, lecture halls, and research facilities are spread across the campus, creating an environment conducive to learning and exploration.
Leipzig University has had some really important and smart people associated with it. These individuals made a big impact in different areas like thinking, science, and writing. Their work continues to be remembered, adding to the university's reputation for being excellent.
Some famous folks who were a part of Leipzig University include Angela Merkel, "Pamella Laranjeira", Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and more. These people did important things in politics, science, and art, showing the diverse talents that the university has nurtured.
The university offers a diverse range of academic programs, covering fields such as science, arts, humanities, and more. Professors, experts in their respective fields, guide students through their academic journey, fostering an environment of intellectual growth and discovery.
Over the years, Leipzig University has gained international recognition for its commitment to education and research. Students from different parts of the world choose Leipzig University for its academic reputation and the opportunity to engage with a global community of scholars.
In summary, Leipzig University, established in 1409, stands as a venerable institution with a storied history. Located in Leipzig, Germany, it has been a center of intellectual exploration, producing notable figures and contributing significantly to various fields of study. The university's enduring legacy and global recognition make it a distinguished place of higher learning.
Tristichopteridae
Tristichopteridae is a family of tetrapodomorphs from the Middle and Late Devonian. Some of them share some of the features of the elpistostegalians. The most well-known is probably "Eusthenopteron".
A classic notion is that "Eusthenopteron" was able to crawl onto land using its fins. However, no evidence believes this and is believed by many to be false.
These fish were large, and some species could exceed three meters. The smallest forms ("Tristichopterus") attained lengths of 30 cm, and the largest forms ("Hyneria") could grow several meters long.
The pelvis had long, tapering pubic branches that met in a cartilaginous symphysis. The ventral fins contained the femur, tibia, and fibula. The lobed pectoral fins were usually robust. Tristichopterids had large, flat heads with sharp teeth.
Here is a gallery of a few members of the Tristichopteridae:
American Hegemony
American Hegemony is about the influence the United States has on the world. This includes politics, money, culture, and the military. After World War II, the United States became the strongest country. This influence continues today. It has a strong influence on countries in Europe but also on countries in Africa and Asia.
Before World War II America was Isolationist, meaning it didnt want to work with other countries. This was something George Washington wanted. Starting at the beginning of the 20th century its influnce grew with movies and music. It also had a very important role in World War I, which led to a lot of discussion within America.
After World War II, the United States became very strong. It had a good economy. When the Marshall Plan started in 1948, America helped rebuild Europe. This started America's close relationship with Europe. Because of all this, other countries became dependent on the United States and followed its lead. It was a founding member of the UN, an organization made to make countries work together.
During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were the two big powers. The US wanted to stop the spread of communism, so it formed alliances like NATO and gave aid to other countries. This made the U.S. very influential, and it played a big role in global politics.
When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the United States became the only superpower. This made the world unipolar (one central power), with the U.S. as the main leader. The US shaped international institutions, made economic rules, and sometimes used its military in .
The U.S. dollar is the main currency used around the world. This makes the U.S. very powerful economically. Organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are also influenced by the U.S. This helps the U.S. set global economic policies and make trade agreements that help its interests (what the US wants).
American culture, like movies, music, and technology, is spread all over the world. Hollywood movies are famous everywhere. American tech companies, social media, and fashion also have a big impact.
Even though American power has brought good things, some people criticize it. They say the U.S. sometimes acts like an empire, putting its interests before others. Military interventions and the idea that America is special have made some countries upset.
China has been growing economically a lot since the 20th century. Some people think that China will overtake America on the World Stage.
Hyneria
Hyneria is an extinct genus of big lobe-finned fish that lived in the late Devonian. The genus name comes from the village of Hyner, Pennsylvania, which is near where the first specimen was found. "Hyneria" would've been as long as around 2 to 4 meters in length, and would've weighed around 2 tons. It swam in rivers.
Antena Stars is a Romanian television channel. It started broadcasting on 9 April 2007 and it is a part of the Intact group, owned by the family of the Romanian businessman and politician Dan Voiculescu.
On 16 December 2013, at 19:02 EET, the television station changed its name from Antena 2 to Antena Stars.
Antena 3 Cable News Network, known as Antena 3 CNN, formerly Antena 3 (), is a Romanian news channel owned by Antena 3 S.A. and part of the Intact Media Group. it focuses on news programmes and current events, mainly with political and economic topics. It was launched on June 27, 2005 as the third Romanian 24-hour news channel, after Realitatea TV being the first television channel launched in 2001 and N24 being the second television channel launched in 2004, which was later transformed into a generalist television channel in 2010.
Happy Channel (Romanian TV channel)
Happy Channel is a television channel, which is based in Bucharest, Romania. Launched on 15 January 2006, it is a part of the Intact group, formerly owned by the businessman and politician Dan Voiculescu.
ZU TV is a Romanian music television channel, owned by Intact Media Group, the largest Romanian media group.
ZU TV was launched on July 1, 2013 online as ZU Channel broadcasting non-stop music. From April 3, 2014, the channel launched on TV under its current name, replacing GSP TV.
In November 2022, ZU TV changed its format, from a general channel to a music channel.
Turkana County
Turkana County is a Kenyan County found in the Northwestern part of the nation. Its surface area is about 77,000 square kilometers, or 29729 square miles. It's population is about 1,000,000. It has an average of 13 people per square km. This makes it the largest county in Kenya. Some of the largest cities found here are Lodwar, Kakuma, Lokichogio, and Lokichar.
In most ways, the Turkanan economy depends on farming 'sorghum'. Sorghum is some kind of food, almost like wild, native cereal. Other important businesses include livestock, crop farming, fishing, weaving, and tourism.
In prehistoric times, huntergathers from Sudan decided to live by Lake Turkana. (Those huntergathers came from Ethiopia. The first humans came from that country). They found it just east of what is now Turkana. Some battles using simple fighting tools took place there. These are such as clubs and arrows. One important battle is the second known battle in the world, Nataruk. These fights were mostly fought over natural resources near Lake Turkana. And ever since then, as communities and geopolitics of today's world shapes the way of living there.
Nature tours are maybe the best things to do in Turkana County. Here's a list of places that takes a large part in the touring industry in Turkana. <gallery caption="Gallery of Popular Places in Lake Turkana <ref&gt;</ref&gt;">
File:Lake Turkana Central Island.jpg|Lake Turkana
File:Great Rift Valley (53285644294).jpg|Great Rift Valley
File:View Of Lake Turkana From Eliye Springs Hotel Resort.JPG|Eliye Springs
File:Oudsberg omgeving.jpg|Mount Kulal
File:Flamingo in elementaita.jpg|Lake Elementeita
File:WV banner Sibiloi Natoinal Park National Museums of Kenya hq.jpg|Sibiloi National Park
File:LakeTurkanaSouthIsland.jpg|South Island National Park
Norman Spencer
Norman Leslie Spencer (born 13 August 1914) is an English director, actor, production manager, producer, and writer. With a career spanning over eight decades, he is best known for his collaborations with director David Lean during the 1940s and 50s.
Spencer turned 100 on 13 August 2014. He is the oldest living actor, filmmaker or entertainer and is amongst the oldest living notable centenarians.
Norman Leslie Spencer was born in Lambeth, London, England on 13 August 1914. He is an only child. His mother's maiden name was Privett. He grew up in Billericay, Essex.
Spencer made his career debut on 17 July 1935, as a director on the American Western film, "Rainbow's End".
Spencer continued his career, initially, as an extra, following his debut.
Spencer made his crew debut on 21 June 1936, as clapper loader on the thriller film "Midnight at Madame Tussaud's". This role was uncredited.
Spencer made his debut as an actor on 1 June 1937, with the uncredited role of Man in the historical drama film "Knight Without Armour". He made his second and final appearance as an actor with the uncredited role of Athlete in the comedy-drama film "A Yank at Oxford" (1938).
Spencer first met director David Lean while he was a gofer at Denham Studios and Lean had been an editor. His first job on a Lean film was as assistant director on Lean's debut as a director, "In Which We Serve" (1942). He became Lean's production manager after joining Cineguild Productions in 1944 and went on to work on Lean's adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel "Great Expectations" (1946). He co-scripted and co-produced Lean's film adaptation of the Harold Brighouse play "Hobson's Choice" (1954). Lean's first casting suggestion for the lead role was the Welsh-born stage and film actor Roger Livesey, but he convinced him to cast the British-American actor Charles Laughton instead, later explaining: "Laughton was a Yorkshireman and he would be playing a Lancastrian, so you'd get regional accuracy, more or less, with international casting. And I thought it needed that size of character." He collaborated with Lean on a re-write of the script for the epic war film "The Bridge on the River Kwai" (1957) leading up to the film's production, after Lean was unhappy with the one the American screenwriter and film producer Carl Foreman had written. Foreman was later asked to re-write the script by the American film producer Sam Spiegel. He worked with Lean on the Moroccan shoot for the epic biographical adventure drama film "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962), although his work was uncredited.
Spencer made his debut as a film producer on the romantic drama film "The Passionate Friends" on 26 January 1949. His final work as a producer was on four episodes of the drama series "The English Programme" in 1994. He also co-wrote his final project as a producer.
Spencer made his debut as a writer on 19 April 1954, when he co-wrote the romantic comedy film "Hobson's Choice".
Spencer, Lean and Wynyard Brown, a dramatist, playwright and screenwriter, were nominated for "Best British Screenplay" - amongst the five nominations "Hobson's Choice" recieved - at the 8th British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA) on 10 March 1955. Although the trio lost in their category, Lean's adaptation of the play won "Best British Film". The film was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 11 November 1982, 27 years after it's debut, and repeated on BBC One on 31 December 1986 and again on 22 May 1988.
Spencer attended a special screening of Lean's adaptation of the novel "Great Expectations" at Wolverton Hall, Norfolk in July 2013.
Spencer has worked on various other projects, including; as producer on the American action film "Vanishing Point" (1971), and as co-producer on the epic apartheid drama film "Cry Freedom" (1987), directed and produced by Richard Attenborough.
Spencer has appeared as himself on various projects, including; "The Making of 'The Bridge on the River Kwai'", "The Making of 'Lawrence of Arabia'", "A Profile of 'Oliver Twist'", and "A Profile of 'In Which We Serve"' (2000). He also appeared in the documentary film "David Lean and His Dedicated Maniacs" (2009).
Spencer made his final television appearance on 11 February 2016, at the age of 101, as himself in the biographical history documentary film "Leslie Howard: The Man Who Gave a Damn".
Spencer has resided in Denham, Buckinghamshire since 2003. He resided in Hampstead, London in 1939.
Spencer celebrated his 100th birthday in 2014.
Gina Maria Prince-Bythewood (born June 10, 1969 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American movie director and a screenwriter. Prince-Bythewood started her career as a writer for several television series. These include "CBS Schoolbreak Special". For that she was nominated with two Daytime Emmy Awards.
Prince-Bythewood directed the movie "Love & Basketball" for which she received an Independent Spirit Award. She also directed the comic book movie "The Old Guard" from 2020.
Artful Dodger (character)
Jack Dawkins also known as The Artful Dodger is a fictional character from Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens.
Manuel de Heras
Fagin
Fagin is a fictional character created by Charles Dickens for his book Oliver Twist. Fagin is based on Ikey Solomon.
It later turns out that a man named Monks hired Fagin to make Oliver a thief before Oliver turns twelve but not kill him so after Oliver escapes, Fagin plans to kidnap him. When Fagin finds out from a child spy named Noah Claypole that Nancy wants to rescue Oliver, Fagin tricks Sikes into thinking Nancy has talked to the police about him so Sikes gets angry and kills her.
When Monks finds out about the murder, he panics and tells the police everything so they arrest Fagin. When Oliver visits Fagin in jail, Fagin is scared and begs Oliver to help him escape. Fagin is later hanged.
Because Fagin is Jewish and a villain, Charles Dickens was sometimes said to be Anti-Semitic. Dickens said that he only made Fagin Jewish because Ikey Solomon was Jewish and he felt guilty enough about Fagin that he later wrote another book called Our Mutual Friend with a Jewish character called Ridah who is a good guy and complains about Anti-Semitism.
Ilmari
Ilmari is a Finnish (first name or) given name, for males. It is a short form of Ilmarinen, a mythological smith in the Kalevala.
Bridgetown, Virginia
Bridgetown is an unincorporated community in Northampton County, Virginia, United States.
Hungars Church, Vaucluse, Westerhouse House, Winona, and Chatham are places in the city. They are all listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Polypedates assamensis
The Assam whipping frog ("Polypedates assamensis") is a frog. It lives in India. People have seen it between 100 and 585 meters above sea level.
People have seen this frog in forests. People have seen it on smaller woody plants near pools. The tadpoles swim in the pools.
2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference
The 2024 United Nations Biodiversity Conference (COP16) is a conference that is planned to be held in 2024. "COP" means conference of parties; Earlier there was a "COP15"; It was the 15th conference of its kind.
Background: There was an earlier conference where a monitoring framework was agreed upon. That framework should allow the progress of the countries towards national goals and targets under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to be evaluated.
On 11 December 2023, Colombia, through its Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development Susana Muhamad, officially offered to host the event from 21 October to 1 November 2024.
In February 2024, Cali said it will hold the biodiversity conference.
University of Dublin
The University of Dublin is a well-known institution located in the capital city of Ireland, Dublin. Established in the early 16th century, it holds a significant place in the history of education and has played a crucial role in shaping the academic landscape of Ireland.
The University of Dublin is situated in the heart of Dublin, the capital and largest city of Ireland. Its main campus is in the historic area of Trinity College Dublin, providing a picturesque setting for students to pursue their studies.
Founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I, the University of Dublin has a rich and storied history. It was established with the vision of providing quality education to the people of Ireland and beyond. The university's founding charter emphasizes the pursuit of knowledge, fostering a spirit of inquiry, and contributing to the intellectual and cultural development of society.
Throughout its long history, the University of Dublin has witnessed and been a part of several significant events. One notable period is the "Irish Renaissance" in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when the university played a central role in the cultural revival of Ireland. This era saw the emergence of renowned literary figures such as W.B. Yeats, Samuel Beckett, and James Joyce, who were associated with the university.
The University of Dublin has been home to many distinguished individuals who have made significant contributions to various fields. Notable alumni include famous writers like Jonathan Swift, author of "Gulliver's Travels," and Bram Stoker, the creator of "Dracula." In the field of science, Ernest Walton, a Nobel laureate in physics, conducted groundbreaking research at the university.
Today, the University of Dublin continues to uphold its commitment to academic excellence and research. It offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs across various disciplines, attracting students from around the world. The university's commitment to innovation and research has contributed to advancements in science, literature, and technology.
The University of Dublin stands as a beacon of learning with a rich history that spans centuries. From its establishment in the 16th century to its current position as a global center for education and research, the university has played a vital role in shaping the intellectual and cultural landscape of Ireland. Its enduring commitment to knowledge and excellence ensures that it remains a respected institution in the world of academia.
Questions 67 and 68
"Questions 67 and 68" is a 1969 debut single by Chicago. It was taken from their debut studio album "Chicago Transit Authority". It went to number 71 in the United States, number 79 in France, number 54 in Canada and went to number 24 in the United States when it was re-released in 1971.
Cry Pretty (song)