adityasasidhar/Wikipedia_Cleaned huggingface dataset:
Roosevelt also broke with tradition by inviting hundreds of African-American guests to the White House. In 1936 she became aware of conditions at the National Training School for Girls, a predominantly Black reform school once located in the Palisades neighborhood of Washington, D.C. She visited the school, wrote about it in her "My Day" column, where she asked for additional funding, and pressed for changes in staffing and curriculum.
Roosevelt later presented Anderson to the King and Queen of the United Kingdom after Anderson performed at a White House dinner. She also arranged the appointment of African-American educator Mary McLeod Bethune, with whom she had struck up a friendship, as Director of the Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration.
Roosevelt lobbied behind the scenes for the 1934 Costigan-Wagner Bill to make lynching a federal crime, including arranging a meeting between Franklin and NAACP president Walter Francis White.
Roosevelt's support of African-American rights made her an unpopular figure among whites in the South. At the same time, she grew so popular among African-Americans.
Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt spoke out against Japanese-American prejudice. She also privately opposed her husband's Executive Order 9066, which required Japanese-Americans in many areas of the U.S. to enter internment camps.
On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, As the U.S. began to move toward war, Roosevelt found herself again depressed, fearing that her role in fighting for domestic justice would become fail, and cause the nation to focused on foreign affairs.
She briefly considered traveling to Europe to work with the Red Cross, but was warned by presidential advisers that the president's wife could be captured as a prisoner of war. She soon found other wartime causes to work on, however, beginning with a popular movement to allow the immigration of European refugee children.
She also lobbied her husband to allow greater immigration of groups persecuted by the Nazis, including Jews, but fears of fifth columnists caused Franklin to restrict immigration rather than expanding it. Roosevelt successfully secured political refugee status for eighty-three Jewish refugees from the S.S. "Quanza" in August 1940.
After her husband died on April 12, 1945, after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage at the Little White House in Warm Springs, Georgia. Roosevelt moved into an apartment at 29 Washington Square West in Greenwich Village. In 1950, she rented suites at the Park Sheraton Hotel (202 West 56th Street). She lived here until 1953 when she moved to 211 East 62nd Street. When that lease expired in 1958, she returned to the Park Sheraton as she waited for the house she purchased with Edna and David Gurewitsch at 55 East 74th Street to be renovated. The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum opened on April 12, 1946.
Roosevelt also served as the first United States Representative to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights and stayed on at that position until 1953, even after stepping down as chair of the commission in 1951. The UN awarded her one of its first Human Rights Prizes in 1968 in recognition of her work.
In the 1940s, Roosevelt was among the first people to support the creation of a UN agency specialized in the issues of food and nutrition.
In 1949, she was made an honorary member of the historically black organization Alpha Kappa Alpha.
She resigned from her UN post in 1953, when Dwight D. Eisenhower became president. She addressed the Democratic National Convention in 1952 and 1956. President John F. Kennedy later reappointed her to the United Nations, where she served again from 1961 to 1962, and to the National Advisory Committee of the Peace Corps.
In 1961, President Kennedy's undersecretary of labor, Esther Peterson, proposed a new Presidential Commission on the Status of Women. Kennedy appointed Roosevelt to chair the commission, with Peterson as director. This was Roosevelt's last public position.
Throughout the 1950s, Roosevelt went on countless national and international speaking engagements. She continued to pen her newspaper column and made appearances on television and radio broadcasts. She averaged one hundred fifty lectures a year throughout the 1950s, many devoted to her activism on behalf of the United Nations.
Roosevelt received the first annual Franklin Delano Roosevelt Brotherhood Award in 1946. Other notable awards she received during her life postwar included the Award of Merit of the New York City Federation of Women's Clubs in 1948, the Four Freedoms Award in 1950, the Irving Geist Foundation Award in 1950, and the Prince Carl Medal, from Sweden in 1950.
In April 1960, Roosevelt was diagnosed with aplastic anemia soon after being struck by a car in New York City. She died on November 7, 1962, aged 78, of resulting cardiac failure at her Manhattan home at 55 East 74th Street on the Upper East Side. President John F. Kennedy ordered all United States flags lowered to half-staff throughout the world on November 8 in tribute to Roosevelt.
Funeral services were held two days later in Hyde Park, where she was buried next to her husband in the Rose Garden at Springwood Estate, the Roosevelt family home.
In 1966, the White House Historical Association purchased Douglas Chandor's portrait of Eleanor Roosevelt; the portrait had been commissioned by the Roosevelt family in 1949. The painting was presented at a White House reception on February 4, 1966, that was hosted by Lady Bird Johnson and attended by more than 250 invited guests. The portrait hangs in the Vermeil Room.
Roosevelt was posthumously inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1973.
In 1989, the Eleanor Roosevelt Fund Award was founded.
The Eleanor Roosevelt Monument in New York's Riverside Park was dedicated in 1996, with First Lady Hillary Clinton serving as the keynote speaker. It was the first monument to an American woman in a New York City park. The centerpiece is a statue of Roosevelt sculpted by Penelope Jencks. The surrounding granite pavement contains inscriptions designed by the architect Michael Middleton Dwyer, including summaries of her achievements, and a quote from her 1958 speech at the United Nations advocating universal human rights.
In 1997, the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial in Washington D.C. was dedicated; it includes a bronze statue of Eleanor Roosevelt standing before the United Nations emblem, which honors her dedication to the United Nations. It is the only presidential memorial to depict a first lady.
In 1998, President Bill Clinton established the Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights to honor outstanding American promoters of rights in the United States. The award was first awarded on the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, honoring Eleanor Roosevelt's role as the "driving force" in the development of the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The award was originally presented from 1998 to the end of the Clinton Administration in 2001. In 2010, then-Secretary of State of the United States Hillary Clinton revived the Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights and presented the award on behalf of the then-President of the United States Barack Obama.
The Gallup Organization published the poll Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century, to determine which people around the world Americans most admired for what they did in the 20th century in 1999. Eleanor Roosevelt came in ninth.
In 2001, the Eleanor Roosevelt Legacy Committee was founded by Judith Hollensworth Hope, who was its president until April 2008. It inspires and supports pro-choice Democratic women to run for local and state offices in New York.
In 2007, Eleanor Roosevelt was named a hero by The My Hero Project.
In 2020, "Time" magazine included Eleanor Roosevelt on its list of 100 Women of the Year. She was retroactively named Woman of the Year 1948 for her efforts on tackling issues surrounding human rights.
Roosevelt was honored on an American Women quarter in 2023.
Eleanor Roosevelt School, also known as the Eleanor Roosevelt Vocational School for Colored Youth, Warm Springs Negro School, and the Eleanor Roosevelt Rosenwald School, which operated as a school from March 18, 1937, until 1972, was a historical Black community school located at 350 Parham Street at Leverette Hill Road in Warm Springs, Georgia. As of May 3, 2010, the school is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Meriwether County, Georgia.
The Norvelt firefighter's hall is named Roosevelt Hall in her honor.
In 1972, the Eleanor Roosevelt Institute was founded; it merged with the Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Foundation in 1987 to become the Roosevelt Institute. The Roosevelt Institute is a liberal American think tank.
Eleanor Roosevelt High School, a public magnet high school specializing in science, mathematics, technology, and engineering, was established in 1976 at its current location in Greenbelt, Maryland.
In 1977, the home was formally designated by an act of Congress as the Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site. The Roosevelt Study Center, a research institute, conference center, and library opened in 1986. It is named after Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, and Franklin Roosevelt, all of whose ancestors emigrated from Zeeland to the United States in the seventeenth century.
In 1988, Eleanor Roosevelt College, one of eight undergraduate residential colleges at the University of California, San Diego, was founded. Eleanor Roosevelt High School, a small public high school on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, was founded in 2002. Eleanor Roosevelt High School in Eastvale, California, opened in 2006.
As first lady, Eisenhower managed the expenses and schedules of the White House. She closely managed the staff, the White House budgeting throughout her tenure.
Eisenhower was popular as first lady, and was regarded as a fashion icon. She was known her stylish hair bangs and wearing the color pink.
Mary Geneva Doud was born on November 14, 1896, in Boone, Iowa. She was the second child of John Sheldon Doud and his wife Elivera Mathilda Carlson.
Her mother was a daughter of Swedish immigrants. Her father ran a meatpacking company until he retired at age 36.
Doud had three sisters named Eleanor Carlson Doud, Eda Mae Doud and Mabel Frances Doud. She was sent to Wolcott School for Girls to finish school.
Doud began dating Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1915, when he was a second lieutenant. They were introduced to each other while her family was visiting a friend at Fort Sam Houston.
They got engaged on Valentine's Day, on February 14, 1916. They later got married on July 1, 1916, in Denver, Colorado. Their first, Doud Eisenhower, was born on September 24, 1917. He later died of scarlet fever at 3 years old on January 2, 1921. Their second son, John Eisenhower, was born in Denver on August 3, 1922.
Eisenhower became the first lady of the United States when her husband was sworn in as the 34th president on January 20, 1953. As first lady, Eisenhower was mostly interested in social issues, including women's issues and civil rights. She desired to see women elected to Congress, and sponsored several women's clubs. She also invited Black women to the White House, including Marian Anderson and the National Council of Negro Women.
Eisenhower also supported include soldiers' benefits, civil defense, blood drives, and the United Nations. After her husband's heart attack, she chaired fundraising for the American Heart Association.
Eisenhower was highly active during the Christmas season and she had the White House heavily decorated for the holiday and bought gifts for the White House staff. In 1958, she was the first person to start Halloween decorations for the White House.
Eisenhower was known for her sense of fashion, and many women were influenced by her style. The New York Dress Institute named her one of the 12 best-dressed women every year that she was first lady. Her style was known as the "Mamie Look", as she wore full-skirted dresses, pink gloves, charm bracelets, pearls, little hats, purses, bobbed banged hair.
She owned many cosmetics and perfumes, and often visited a beauty spa to maintain her appearance. Eisenhower's love of the color pink, often called "First Lady" or "Mamie" pink and later started kicked a national trend for pink clothing, housewares, and bathrooms.
Eisenhower had a stroke on September 25, 1979 and she was rushed to Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Eisenhower remained in the hospital, and she died in her sleep on the morning of November 1, 1979, she was 82 years old. A memorial service was held in the Fort Myer chapel on November 5 and she was later buried beside her husband in Abilene, Kansas.
Eisenhower's birthplace is open to the public and operated by the Mamie Doud Eisenhower Foundation. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 1985.
Claudia Alta Taylor was born on December 22, 1912, in Karnack, Texas to Thomas J. Jonson Taylor and Minnie Lee Pattillo. Her father, is of English ancestry and some Welsh and Danish. Her mother, also a native of Alabama, was of English and Scottish descent.
Taylor had two elder brothers named Thomas Jefferson Jr. and Antonio Taylor. When she was five years old, her mother fell down a flight of stairs while pregnant. She died of complications of miscarriage in 1918.
She was later raised by her maternal aunt Effie Pattillo. She also visited her Pattillo relatives in Autauga County, Alabama, every summer until she was became an adult.
Taylor was a shy and quiet girl who spent much of her youth alone outdoors. She developed her lifelong love of the outdoors as a child growing up in the tall pines and bayous of East Texas, where she watched the wildflowers bloom each spring.
She graduated third in her class at the age of 15 from Marshall Senior High School in the nearby county seat. Despite her young age, her father gave her a car so that she could drive herself to school.
After graduating from high school in May 1928, Lady Bird entered the University of Alabama for the summer session, where she took her first journalism course. But, homesick for Texas, she stayed home and did not return for the fall term at Alabama. Instead, she and a high school friend enrolled at St. Mary's Episcopal College for Women, an Episcopal boarding junior college for women in Dallas.
After graduating from St. Mary's in May 1930, Taylor toyed returned to Texas to Alabama. She enrolled into the University of Texas. She received a bachelor of arts in history with honors in 1933 and a second bachelor's degree in journalism in 1934. Taylor was active on campus in different organizations, including Texas Orange Jackets, a women's honorary service organization, and believed in student leadership. Her goal was to become a reporter, but she also earned a teaching certificate.
A friend in Austin introduced Taylor to Lyndon B. Johnson, a 26-year-old Congressional aide working for Congressman Richard Kleberg.
On their first date, at the Driskill Hotel, Lyndon proposed. Taylor did not want to rush into marriage, but he did not want to wait. Ten weeks later, she accepted his proposal. The got married on November 17, 1934, at St. Mark's Episcopal Church in San Antonio, Texas.
They had two daughters together named Lynda Bird and Luci Baines Johnson. The couple and their two daughters all shared the initials LBJ.
Eventually, Johnson's $41,000 investment turned into more than $150 million for the LBJ Holding Company. She was the first president's wife to have become a millionaire before her husband was elected to office. She remained involved with the company until she was in her eighties.
Johnson became the second lady of the United States when her husband was sworn in as the 37th vice president on January 20, 1961. As second lady, Johnson served as a substitute for Kennedy at official events and functions. Within her first year, she had substituted for Kennedy at more than 50 events, roughly one per week.
Johnson became the first lady of the United States when her husband was sworn in as the 36th president on November 22, 1963, after the President John F. Kennedy was assassinated.
As first lady, Johnson helped establish the public environmental movement in the 1960s. She worked to beautify Washington D.C. by planting thousands of flowers, set up the White House Natural Beauty Conference, and lobbied Congress for the president's full range of environmental initiatives. In 1965, she took the lead role in calling for passage of the Highway Beautification Act.
Her capital beautification project turned the national capital into a showcase for the nation. It was intended to improve physical conditions in Washington, D.C. for residents and tourists by planting millions of flowers, many of them on National Park Service land along roadways around the capital.
She worked extensively with the American Association of Nurserymen and executive Vice President Robert F. Lederer to protect wildflowers and promoted planting them along highways.
Her efforts inspired similar programs throughout the country. She became the first president's wife to advocate actively for legislation when she was instrumental in promoting the Highway Beautification Act, which was nicknamed "Lady Bird's Bill". She was also an advocate of the Head Start program to give children from lower-income families a step up in school readiness.
After leaving the White House, Johnson continued to be active in public life. Her husband died of a heart attack in January 1973, four years after leaving office. She remained in the public eye, honoring her husband and other presidents.
In the 1970s, Johnson focused her attention on the Austin riverfront area through her involvement in the Town Lake Beautification Project. From 1971 to 1978, she served on the board of regents for the University of Texas System. She also served on the National Park Service Advisory Board, and was the first woman to serve on National Geographic Society's board of trustees.
In December 1973, after President Richard Nixon established the Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac.
In November 1977, Johnson spoke at the 1977 National Women's Conference among other speakers including Rosalynn Carter, Betty Ford, Bella Abzug, Barbara Jordan, Cecilia Burciaga, Gloria Steinem, Lenore Hershey and Jean O'Leary.
In June 1981, Dartmouth College stated that Johnson and former President Gerald Ford would serve as co-chairs of the fundraising committee for the Rockefeller Center for the Social Sciences.
In 1982, Johnson and actress Helen Hayes founded the National Wildflower Research Center west of Austin, Texas, as a nonprofit organization devoted to preserving and reintroducing native plants in planned landscapes. In 1994, the center opened a new facility southwest of Austin; they officially renamed it the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in 1995 in acknowledgment of her having raised $10 million for the facility.
In 1988, Johnson convened with three other former first ladies, Betty Ford, Rosalynn Carter, and Pat Nixon at the "Women and the Constitution" conference at The Carter Center to assess that document's impact on women. The conference featured over 150 speakers and 1,500 attendees from all 50 states and 10 foreign countries. The conference was meant to promote awareness on sexual inequality in the United States and other countries.
In September 1991, Johnson unveiled a new line of English porcelain flower sculpture that drew influence from American wildflowers in the Corrigan's Jewelry at NorthPark Center in Dallas.
On April 6, 1990, President George H. W. Bush praised her for her support of her husband and work toward beautifying landscapes.
Johnson died at home on July 11, 2007, from natural causes, she was 94 years old.
On August 27, 1969, President Richard Nixon dedicated a grove of redwood trees as the "Lady Bird Johnson Grove" due to her efforts as first lady toward preserving national resources for Americans.
Lady Bird Johnson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Gerald Ford on January 10, 1977.
She received the Congressional Gold Medal in 1988. In 1995, the National Wildflower Research Center in near Austin, Texas, was renamed the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. She and actress Helen Hayes founded the center in 1982.
In 1995, Lady Bird received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.
In November 1968, Columbia Island, in Washington, D.C., was renamed Lady Bird Johnson Park in honor of her campaign as first lady to beautify the capital.
After her death, Austin Mayor Will Wynn's office said that Town Lake is going to be renamed in her honor. The lake was renamed Lady Bird Lake on July 26, 2007.
In April 2008, the Lady Bird Johnson Memorial Cherry Blossom Grove was dedicated to Marshfield, Missouri.
In 1995, she received an Honor Award from the National Building Museum for her lifetime leadership in beautification and conservation campaigns. She was also named the honorary chairwoman of the Head Start program.
On June 7, 2008, Texas honored Lady Bird by renaming the state convention's Blue Star Breakfast as the 'Lady Bird Breakfast'. In January 2009, St. Edward's University in Austin completed a new residence hall for upperclassmen bearing the name of Lady Bird Johnson Hall, or "LBJ Hall" for short.
On August 28, 2008, Lady Bird Johnson High School was opened in her name in San Antonio, Texas.
On October 22, 2012, the United States Postal Service announced the issue of a souvenir Forever stamp sheet honoring Johnson as a tribute to her legacy of beautifying the nation's roadsides, urban parks and trails. The stamps were dedicated on November 30, 2012, at the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center of The University of Texas at Austin.
In 2013, Lady Bird was posthumously awarded the prestigious Rachel Carson Award. The award, presented by Audubon's Women in Conservation, was accepted by her daughter Lynda.
Thelma Catherine Ryanwas born on March 16, 1912, in Ely, Nevada. Her father, William M. Ryan Sr., was a sailor, gold miner, and truck farmer of Irish ancestry and her mother, Katherine Halberstadt, was a German immigrant.
After her birth, The family then moved from Nevada to California to a small farm in Artesia, California.
Ryan's mother died in 1925. At the age of 13, she took over the household duties for her father and her brothers. Two years later, when she was attending Excelsior High School, her father became seriously ill and he died in 1930.
Ryan enrolled at Fullerton College in 1931 and earned her money by working part time as a janitor in a local bank. She drove elderly friends of her family to New York where she stayed for two years working in a hospital, first as a secretary, and later, after a Columbia University summer course in radiology as an X-ray technician.
In 1934, she returned to California to enroll at the University of Southern California. While in college, she worked as many as 40 hours a week, both on and off campus, while majoring in merchandising. In 1937, she graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in merchandising and a certificate to teach at the high school level.
Her first job following graduation was teaching business education courses at Whittier Union High School for an annual salary of $1,800.
Her interest in drama began during her working days at USC when she earned $25 for a walk-on part as an extra in the movie, Becky Sharp. In addition to directing the high school plays, she joined the Whittier Little Theater group. Later, she met Richard Nixon, a lawyer who graduated from Duke University Law School in Durham, North Carolina.
Nixon worked in a bank in Ottumwa and when her husband was assigned to duty in the South Pacific, she moved to San Francisco, where she worked as an economist for the Office of Price Administration.
They met in 1937, and got married on June 21, 1940, in a Quaker ceremony at the historic Mission Inn in Riverside, California. Their first daughter, Tricia, was born on February 21, 1946. Their second daughter, Julie, was born, on July 5, 1948.
Nixon became the second lady of the United States when her husband was sworn in as the 36th vice president on January 20, 1953. As second lady, Nixon accompanied her husband abroad during his vice presidential years. She traveled to 53 nations, often visiting hospitals, orphanages, schools and a leper colony in Panama.
Nixon became the first lady of the United States when her husband was sworn in as the 37th president on January 20, 1969. As first lady, One of her major initiatives as was the promotion of volunteerism, which she encouraged Americans to address social problems through volunteering at hospitals, civic organizations, and rehabilitation centers.
Nixon held the record as the most-traveled first lady utnil she was surpassed by Hillary Clinton. In her husband's first term, she traveled to 39 states. She took foreign trips in countries such as, Guam, India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Pakistan, Romania, and England. During trip to South Vietnam, she became the first first lady to enter a war zone.
Nixon died at her Park Ridge, New Jersey, home at 5:45 a.m. on June 22, 1993. She was 81 years old. Her daughters and husband were by her side.
The funeral service for Pat Nixon took place on the grounds of the Richard Nixon Library in Yorba Linda and was later buried on June 26, 1993.
Reagan was born in New York City. After her parents separated, she lived in Maryland with an aunt and uncle for six years. When her mother remarried in 1929, she moved to Chicago and later was adopted by her mother's second husband. As Nancy Davis, she was a Hollywood actress in the 1940s and 1950s.
Anne Frances Robbins was born on July 6, 1921, at Sloane Hospital for Women in Uptown Manhattan. She was the only child of Kenneth Seymour Robbins and Edith Prescott Luckett.
Robbins lived her first two years in Flushing, Queens, a neighborhood of New York City, in a two-story house on Roosevelt Avenue between 149th and 150th Streets. Her parents separated soon after her birth and were divorced in 1928.
After their separation, her mother traveled the country to pursue acting jobs and Robbins was raised in Bethesda, Maryland, for six years by her aunt and uncle, and later she attended Sidwell Friends School from kindergarten through second grade.
At the time of the adoption, her name was legally changed to Nancy Davis. She attended the Girls' Latin School of Chicago from 1929, until she graduated in 1939, and later attended Smith College in Massachusetts, where she majored in English and drama, and later graduated in 1943.
In 1940, Davis appeared as a National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis volunteer in a memorable short subject film shown in movie theaters to raise donations for the crusade against polio.
Davis held jobs in Chicago as a sales clerk in Marshall Field's department store and as a nurse's aide. With the help of her mother's colleagues in theatre, including ZaSu Pitts, Walter Huston, and Spencer Tracy, she pursued a professional career as an actress.
She first gained a part in Pitts' 1945 road tour of "Ramshackle Inn", moving to New York City. She landed the role of Si-Tchun, a lady-in-waiting, in the 1946 Broadway musical about the Orient, "Lute Song", starring Mary Martin and a pre-fame Yul Brynner.
After passing a screen test, she moved to California and signed a seven-year contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc., in 1949.
Davis' film career began with small supporting roles in two films that were released in 1949, "The Doctor and the Girl" with Glenn Ford and "East Side, West Side" starring Barbara Stanwyck. She played a child psychiatrist in the film noir "Shadow on the Wall" (1950) with Ann Sothern and Zachary Scott. She co-starred in 1950's, "The Next Voice You Hear."
In 1951, Davis appeared in "Night into Morning", her favorite screen role, a study of bereavement starring Ray Milland. MGM released Davis from her contract in 1952; She soon starred in the science fiction film "Donovan's Brain" (1953). In her next-to-last movie, "Hellcats of the Navy" (1957).
After her final film, "Crash Landing" (1958), Davis appeared for a brief time as a guest star in television dramas, such as the "Zane Grey Theatre" episode "The Long Shadow" (1961), until she retired as an actress in 1962. During her career, Davis served for nearly ten years on the board of directors of the Screen Actors Guild.
On November 15, 1949, she met Ronald Reagan, who was then president of the Screen Actors Guild. The two began dating and their relationship was the subject of many gossip columns. The got married on March 4, 1952, at the Little Brown Church in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles.
Their first child, Patti Davis, was born on October 21, 1952. Their second children, Ron Reagan, was born on May 20, 1958. Reagan also became stepmother to Maureen Reagan and Michael Reagan from her husband's children from his marriage.
Reagan became the first lady of California when her husband became the 33rd governor on January 3, 1967. As first lady, Reagan visited veterans, the elderly, and the disabled, and worked with a number of charities. She became involved with the Foster Grandparents Program, helping to popularize it in the United States and Australia.
She later expanded her work with the organization after arriving in Washington, and wrote about her experiences in her 1982 book "To Love a Child". The Reagans held dinners for former prisoners of war and Vietnam War veterans while governor and first lady.
In 1967, her husband appointed her to the California Arts Commission, and a year later she was named "Los Angeles Times," "A Model First Lady".
Reagan became the first lady of the United States when her husband was sworn in as the 40th president on January 20, 1981. As first lady, she launched the "Just Say No" drug awareness campaign in 1982, which was her primary project and major initiative as first lady. Her campaign focused on drug education and informing the youth of the danger of drug abuse.
Reagan became actively involved by traveling more than throughout the United States and several nations, visiting drug abuse prevention programs and drug rehabilitation centers.
In 1985, Reagan expanded the campaign to an international level by inviting the first ladies of other countries to the White House for a conference on drug abuse. On October 27, 1986, President Reagan signed a drug enforcement bill into law, which granted $1.7 billion in funding to fight the drug crisis and ensured a mandatory minimum penalty for drug offenses. In 1988, she became the first active first lady invited to address the United Nations General Assembly, where she spoke on international drug and trafficking laws.
Reagan's interest in fashion was another one of her trademarks. Reagan's sense of style was favorably compared to that of a previous first lady, Jacqueline Kennedy.
Reagan's wardrobe consisted of dresses, gowns, and suits made by luxury designers, including James Galanos, Bill Blass, and Oscar de la Renta. Her white, hand-beaded, one shoulder Galanos 1981 inaugural gown was estimated to cost $10,000, while the overall price of her inaugural wardrobe was said to cost $25,000. Her wardrobe included red so often that the fire-engine shade became known as "Reagan red". She employed two private hairdressers, who would style her hair on a regular basis in the White House.
In 1989, Reagan was honored at the annual gala awards dinner of the Council of Fashion Designers of America, during which she received the council's lifetime achievement award.
Upon leaving the White House, the couple returned to California. After leaving Washington, Reagan made numerous public appearances, many on behalf of her husband. She continued to reside at the Bel Air home, where she lived with her husband until he died on June 5, 2004.
In late 1989, the former first lady established the Nancy Reagan Foundation, which was to continue to educate people about the dangers of substance abuse.
The Foundation teamed with the BEST Foundation For A Drug-Free Tomorrow in 1994, and developed the Nancy Reagan Afterschool Program. She continued to travel around the United States, speaking out against drug and alcohol abuse.
Reagan was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2002 and the Congressional Gold Medal, in the same year. In 1989, she received the Council of Fashion Designers of America's lifetime achievement award.
Reagan received an Honorary Doctorate of Laws degree from Pepperdine University in 1983. She received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Eureka College in 2009.
On March 6, 2016, Reagan died of congestive heart failure at her home in Los Angeles at the age of 94. On March 7, President Barack Obama issued a presidential proclamation ordering the US flag to be flown at half-staff until.
Her funeral was held on March 11 at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California.
The concept of furniture was first developed as early as 3100-2500 B.C. The first items created for household use were made of stone, as wood was not readily available during the Neolithic time period. Dressers, cupboards, and beds were among the first forms of furniture. One particular issue of fixtures is their capacity to form and replicate cultural and ancient narratives via design. Furniture serves as a visible illustration of the winning aesthetics, societal values, and technological improvements of a selected technology or culture. Each piece of fixture holds a tale inside its design, materials, and craftsmanship. From the ornate carvings and gilded gildings of Rococo fixtures in 18th-century Europe to the glossy traces and minimalist kinds of mid-century cutting-edge pieces, fixtures offer a tangible connection to the artistic, social, and technological tendencies of its time. Furthermore, fixtures frequently embody the cultural identity of a selected area or community. Traditional fixtures and patterns may be deeply rooted withinside the records and customs of a selected culture, reflecting particular craftsmanship techniques, symbolic motifs, and indigenous materials. For instance, the difficult lattice paintings of Moroccan Mashrabiya monitors or the stylish simplicity of Japanese shoji monitors now no longer handiest serve practical functions but additionally encapsulate the cultural history of their respective societies. Moreover, fixtures can act as a medium for self-expression and private identification. People frequently pick fixtures that align with their character tastes and preferences, reflecting their lifestyle, values, and aesthetics. This personalization of fixtures permits people to create particular residing areas that resonate with their very own identities and aspirations. By analyzing fixtures as greater than simply practical objects, we are able to benefit from insights into the ancient, cultural, and private dimensions of human experience. From the grand palaces and stately houses to humble dwellings and modern-day interiors, fixtures stay an effective device for storytelling, connecting us to our past, present, and future. The dresser was said to be the most important piece of furniture in the beginning, as they faced the entrance of each house in Neolithic society and often displayed carved artwork of symbolic objects. Over the years, especially in modern years, the concept of functional furniture in households exploded while keeping the artwork aspect that was displayed in the Neolithic period. This has made way for pieces in our culture that are both functional to our everyday lives and also a form of artwork that is pleasant to look at. The basic design of most furniture has remained the same for the most part though material and stability have become stronger and longer lasting with more of a focus on comfort and luxury in our modern lives.
Inheritance is the practice of passing on property, titles, debts, and duties when someone dies. Those things usually go to family members. People have had laws about inheritance for thousands of years. The question is often settled in a will.
If only sons and other male family members get the inheritance, it is called patrilineal inheritence. If only daughters and other female family members get the inheritance, it is called matrilineal succession. In some cases inheritance depends on legitimacy.
Cultural inheritance is called legacy. Genetic inheritance is called heredity. A kingdom may be inherited, and the person who is expected to inherit is called the heir apparent.
Inheritance tax is a tax paid by a person who inherits money or property of someone who has died.
The sounds of American English are written with letters in the English alphabet, as either vowels or consonants. All English words are written with vowel letters in them.
About 210,000 people live there. There is a university there.
Weimar is a city in the middle of Germany, in the state of Thuringia. About 60,000 people live there. It has a university.
The city is well known for the Weimar Republic. It was founded in Weimar in 1919.
Augsburg ( , , ; ) is a city in the South of Germany, in the state of Bavaria. It has about 272,000 inhabitants and a university. It was founded in the Roman age. In the time of Renaissance (after the Middle Ages) a family of bankers, the Fuggers, became very rich and powerful in Augsburg.
About 270,000 people live there. There is an airport and a university.
In 1298 there was a big "pogrom". Nearly 700 Jews were killed. The Jews lived near the river, and by getting rid of the Jews the northern and southern parts of the city could be linked together. This area is now the place of the City Market, Frauenkirche and Rathaus (City Hall).
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It has about 150,000 inhabitants. It has a well-known university. The old town and the castle of Heidelberg are well-known tourist attractions of Germany.
It is in the state of Lower Saxony.
The city is in the valley of the Leine river.
There are many methods to calculate the center of a country.
There are about 30,000 university students.
The university and its hospital are a big employer.
In Germany people must be allowed to stay.
The most known sight is a water spring.
The spring has a bronze statue.
The statue is a girl.
She carries three geese.
The sight is called .
It is located on a square.
The square is in front of the old city hall.
There are many places of worship.
There are many churches.
There are also synagogues.
Many high-speed trains stop at the train station.
Today, there is no airport.
During Nazi Germany there was an airport.
The airport was for small planes.
Many people use a bicycle.
There are many bicycle paths.
On some streets bicycles have priority.
One of Hemmings' horses, "Hedgehunter", won the 2005 Grand National at Aintree.
Hemmings died on 11 October 2021, at the age of 86.
Wuppertal has about 360,000 inhabitants. It has a university.
A well-known tourist attraction is the Wuppertal Schwebebahn, a tram hanging about above ground.
Bielefeld (; ) is a city in northwest Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Bielefeld has about 327,000 people living there. It has a university.
Maastricht (Limburgish: "Mestreech") is a municipality in the south of the Netherlands. It is the capital city of the province of Limburg.
Utrecht is a municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the Province of Utrecht and lies in the midst of both the country and the province. About 358,000 were living there in 2020, which makes Utrecht the fourth-largest city in the Netherlands.
Utrecht is an important public transport junction, especially concerning the railways. It contains the largest university of the Netherlands called Utrecht University.
One of the main sights is the Domkerk, a cathedral that was built between 1321 and 1382. In of a storm in 1674, part of the cathedral was destroyed. This part was never rebuilt, so now the tower is separate from the rest of the church.
Groningen is a municipality in the north of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Groningen. It has about 233,000 inhabitants (2021) and a university, called the University of Groningen.
Eindhoven is a municipality in the south of the Netherlands. It is in the Noord-Brabant province. It has about 236,000 inhabitants (2021) and a well-known football team called P.S.V. Eindhoven.
Nijmegen is a city in Gelderland in the east of the Netherlands. It has about 177,000 inhabitants (2021) and a university, called Radboud University Nijmegen.
Leiden is a municipality in South Holland in the Netherlands. It has about 120,000 inhabitants and a very old university (Leiden University).
Apeldoorn is a city in Gelderland in the Netherlands. It has about 160,000 inhabitants. The Het Loo Palace is in Apeldoorn. This was summer home of the Dutch Royal family.
Tilburg is a city in the south of the Netherlands. About 222,000 people live there (2021).
Zwolle is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 130,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies where the Vecht river flows into the IJssel river, on the eastern side of last one.
Haiphong is 120 km away from Hanoi, Vietnam's capital, around 60 km away from Ha Long Bay, a popular tourist site, and very close to Cat Ba Island.
Haiphong is Vietnam's third most populated city, with only Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City having more people. It is one of five municipalities of Vietnam, meaning it is a city with the same status as a province.
Haiphong Port is the busiest seaport in northern Vietnam. The city has an international airport, Cat Bi Airport, which was used as an airbase for the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War.
It has about 160,000 inhabitants. It has a university.
Braunschweig () is a city in the north of Germany, in the state of Lower Saxony.
It was probably founded in the 9th century. About 245,000 people live there. It has a technical university.
Kos Island's main industry is tourism. About 300,000 tourists take rooms on Kos every year and a lot of tourists take a one-day trip to Kos from neighboring islands or the Turkish coast. 17 km overseas lies Bodrum, Turkey.
About 125,000 people live on Rhodes. It has an international airport in Paradisi in the north, near to Rhodes (city).
1912 Italy won the Dodecanese from Turkey, 1943 Germany took them over, 1945 the British. Since 1946 the islands have belonged to Greece.
Tenerife is one of the seven Canary Islands. It is part of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the capital of the province being on the island. The other province in the Canary Islands is Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. With 899.833 inhabitants, Tenerife is the most populated island of the Canary Islands and the second most populated island of Spain (after Mallorca).
Majorca (or Mallorca) is a Spanish island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is the largest of the Balearic Islands. About 869,067 people (as of January 1, 2010) live on Mallorca, making it the most populated island of Spain. Palma de Mallorca is the capital of Mallorca. Palma has a population of 375,000. Mallorca has one international airport, one university and its own subway. The economy of the island depends on the tourism industry.
Nha Trang (no diacritics) is a city with about 350,000 inhabitants in the middle south of Vietnam. Its name is spelled with no diacritics in the Vietnamese language. It lives on tourism and fishing industry.
Da Nang is the biggest city in Central Vietnam and the fourth largest city in Vietnam. It has about 870,000 people (2010). The city is built by the Han River (Vietnam) and Vietnam's central coast.
Nearby is Hoi An, a popular tourist town, and Hue, Vietnam's former capital. It is connected to Hue by the Hai Van Pass, a well-known national highway and popular tourist spot.
It is a popular city for tourism, both in-country and international, because of its beaches.
Its airport, Da Nang International Airport, used to also be used as airbase to fight against North Vietnam and the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.
The city was a part of Quang Nam province until 1997, when the Vietnamese government decided to make the city its own municipality, or an area directly ruled by the central government. Today, it is one of Vietnam's five municipalities. The other municipalities are Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Haiphong, and Can Tho.
Da Nang Port is Vietnam's third largest port and the largest port in Central Vietnam. Since it is close to the ocean and since there is little farmland, the city's economy makes much more money from fishing than from farming.
Popular tourist attractions include the Ba Na Hills, the Golden Bridge, the Da Nang Sun Wheel, the Marble Mountains, and the Dragon Bridge.
Rostock has over 200,000 people (204,260 in December 2011). It has an old university (founded in 1419). The town is on the river Warnow. The mayor is Roland Methling. The city today has the name "Hansestadt" (Hanseatic city) in memory of its history, where it has been an important part of the Hanseatic League. The architecture of the city and the region is influenced by this historic period.
Jena is a city in the middle of Germany, in the state of Thuringia. About 103,000 people live there. Jena has a university called Friedrich Schiller University.
Jena is partly in the middle hall valley between from mixed woodlands covered shelly limestone and sandstone slopes (geological phenomena are among other things the devil holes and the student chute). On them, numerous partially rare Orchideenarten occurs. From north to south Jena is wide, and from east to west . The following larger cities are close to Jena: Gera, approx. east, Erfurt, approx. west, Weimar, approx. west, Naumburg (Saale), approx. northeast, is (Saale), to approx. northeast, Leipzig, approx. northeast and Chemnitz, approx. east, Rudolstadt, approx. south.
Paderborn has a football club in the first men's league in Germany (SC Paderborn 07) and a basketball team in the 2nd German league (Paderborn Baskets).
Darmstadt is a city in Germany, in the state of Hesse. It has about 140,000 inhabitants and a university. The chemical element named darmstadtium is named after the city.
His Holiness "(short form "HH")" is the official title to address (name) a leader of a religion. Catholics refer to the Pope using this style, while Buddhists use this when talking about the Tibetan Lamaist leader, the Dalai Lama.
As of 2020, 309,720 people live in the city. Mannheim is the biggest city in "Rhine-Neckar-Area". It has an oceanic climate ("Cfb" in the Koeppen climate classification).
Mannheim has universities. The city has a history of important transport inventions. The first automobile, tractor and bicycle (draisine or velocipede, as the earliest recognisable bicycles were called) were all made or presented for the first time in Mannheim. This is why the city is also called the "city of inventions". The "Forbes" magazine ranked Mannheim 11th of the most inventive cities worldwide.
Mannheim is now an important city because of its business power and culture. The "New Economy Magazine" praised Mannheim's positive economic and innovative environment.
The following list shows significant groups of foreigners by nationalities. 44,7% of all Mannheim inhabitants are from foreign descent. The population of Neckarstadt-West district is the most foreign (68.9%). The population of the Wallstadt district is the least foreign (23,1%).
It is the economic centre of the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region. This is one of Germany's most important business locations.
Kaiserslautern (; ) is a city in the southwest of Germany, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It has about 100,000 inhabitants, a university and a well-known soccer team.
Dordrecht is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province South Holland.
Oberhausen (Ripuarian: "Ovverhouse", Low German: "Owerhuusen", "Overhus") is a city in Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr Area. Oberhausen has about 220,000 inhabitants. It was dominated by industry like most towns in the Ruhr Area. The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen.
Ludwigshafen am Rhein (literally: "Ludwigshafen on the Rhine"), commonly referred to as "Ludwigshafen", is a City in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. After Mannheim it is the second largest city of the Metropolregion Rhein-Neckar.
Ludwigshafen is independent of the local district government, but is the administrative seat of the surrounding district.
Ludwigshafen lies on the west bank of the Rhine River.