adityasasidhar/Wikipedia_Cleaned huggingface dataset:
In 1917, there was a revolution in Russia. Tsar Nicholas II had to give up power and a new government was established. At first, it was thought that Russia would fight harder now that he was gone. However, the Russians did not want to fight anymore because there was too little food, weapons or adequate roads to supply its army. The war had been putting burdens on the Russians, and many of them were poor and hungry. They began to hate their new government because it would not stop the war.
Another revolution happened in Russia in which the Mensheviks lost to the Bolsheviks (these were two rival groups of communists). The leader of the Bolsheviks was Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924). The new Bolshevik government asked the Germans for peace and signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers in March 1918 at the city of Brest-Litovsk. Lenin later died in 1924 and was replaced by Joseph Stalin.
The Germans and Russians stopped fighting. Russia gave Germany parts of the Russian Empire in Eastern Europe and along the Baltic Sea, including the Baltic states, Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. Also, Finland gained its independence by the treaty.
Also, the countries of the world were to come together to make an international organization to stop future wars: the League of Nations. The United States Senate did not agree with the League even though it was the idea of United States president Woodrow Wilson. Although Wilson tried to tell the American people to agree to join the League, the United States never joined it.
Problems with the treaty in Germany, where it was hated, later led to World War II in 1939.
World War II (WWII), or the Second World War, was a global war. Involving all continents of the world, except the Polar continents. It involved fighting in most of the world from 1939 to 1945. Some fighting started in 1937, when Imperial Japanese forces started the Second Sino-Japanese War. Most of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers.
The war involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died, most of whom were civilians. The war included massacres, a genocide called the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, and disease. This was the only use of a nuclear weapon in the history of warfare.
The two sides were the Allies (at first China, France and the United Kingdom, joined by the Soviet Union, United States and others) and the Axis (at first Germany, Italy and Japan and others).
The war in Asia began when Japan invaded China on July 7, 1937. Actual combat began in Europe when The Third Reich of Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. France and the United Kingdom reacted by declaring war on Germany. By 1941, most of Europe was under German control, including France, Norway, Austria, Hungary, Denmark, Czechslovakia, and Poland. Only the British remained fighting against the Axis in North Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic. Germany gave up plans to invade Britain after losing an airplane battle, the Battle of Britain. In June 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union, starting the largest area of war in history. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor and invaded British and French colonies in Asia, and the two wars became one; The Western Theatre and the Pacific Theatre.
The Japanese victories were stopped in 1942, and the Soviets won the huge Battle of Stalingrad in 1943. Then, the Allies started to win in all areas. The Axis were forced back from the Soviet Union, weakening in the Scorched Earth tactic, whereas the Soviets Burned all the food and shelter in the Axis's way, and the Russian winter, which freezed the invading troops, as they weren't prepared for extreme cold: the leaders were not expecting the invasion to last till this season of the year. The Axis also lost North Africa, and in a battle in Tunisia, where they were encircled by the Allies. Starting in 1943, were forced to defend Italy. Allied forces had a hard time pushing into Italy from the Southern Island of Siclily due to its vast defensive system. But Operation Mincemeat greatly helped the stragetic offensive. In 1944, the Allies invaded France. The invasion was called D-Day, held in June 6th, 1944. They came into Germany itself from the West, while the Soviets came in from the East. Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945.
Japan formally surrendered on September 2, 1945, after the Soviets beat the Japanese in Manchuria and a nuclear bomb had been dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. This was the only time a nuclear weapon has been used in a real war. And until now, or at least for the 21st century, Japan was the only country bombed by a nuke by its enemies.
After the war, the United Nations was set up to develop support between countries and to prevent future wars. After World War 1, the League of Nations had been built, but it proved ineffective when a very ambitious group forms, like the Nazis, which caused World War 2. The Cold War by the major winners soon started, but they did not fight each other in an actual war. The decolonization of Asia and Africa (where many places controlled by European countries were given their independence) happened as well since Europe had been weakened by the war. Economic recovery and political integration (the process of uniting countries) were among other results of the war.
The Axis Powers at the start of the war were Germany, Italy, and Japan. There were many meetings to create an alliance between those countries. Finland, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Thailand joined the Axis later. As the war continued, some Axis countries like Italy changed sides to join the Allies instead.
The Allied Powers were the United Kingdom and the rest of the British Empire, France, Poland, Yugoslavia, Greece, Belgium, and China, the last of which had been fighting a civil war. In June 1941, Germany attacked the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa, which made the Soviets join the Allies. In December 1941 came the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor against the United States, which then also joined the Allies.
World War I had greatly changed the way of diplomacy and politics in Asia, Europe, and Africa with the defeat of the Central Powers. The empires that had sided with the Central Powers were destroyed. Even the Russian Empire, which was on the Allied side, broke up and became the USSR (Soviet Union) after the Russian Civil War. The war also changed the borders in Eastern Europe, with many new countries being born. Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles. The Germans also lost 13% of their homeland area and all of their colonies, and they had to pay back a large sum of money]] to the Allies. The size of their army and navy was also limited, and its air force was banned, except for the 100 airplanes working for the coalmines.
In Italy, nationalists were unhappy with the Versailles Treaty since they thought that their victory as an Ally in WWI should have gained them far more territory from the defeated Austria. The fascist movement in the 1920s brought Mussolini to the leadership of the country. He promised to make Italy a great power by adding to its colonial empire.
After the Kuomintang (KMT), the governing party of China, unified the country in the 1920s, the Chinese Civil War between it and the Communist Party of China began. In 1931, Japan used the Mukden Incident as a excuse to take Manchuria and set up a puppet state, Manchukuo, and the League of Nations failed to do anything to stop it. The Tanggu Truce, a ceasefire, was signed in 1933. In 1936, the Kuomintang and the communists agreed to stop fighting against each other and to fight Japan instead. In 1937, Japan started the Second Sino-Japanese War to take the rest of China.
After the end of the German Empire, the democratic Weimar Republic was set up. There were disagreements among Germans that involved many political ideologies, ranging from nationalism to communism. The fascist movement in Germany rose because of the Great Depression. Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party, became the German chancellor in 1933. After the Reichstag fire, Hitler created a totalitarian state in which there was only one party by law. Hitler wanted to change the world order and quickly rebuilt the army, navy, and air force, especially after Saarland voted to return to Germany in 1935. In March 1936, Hitler sent the army to Rhineland. The Spanish Civil War began in July 1936. The war ended in 1939 with the Nationalist victory because of support from Italy and Germany.
In March 1938, Germany sent its army into Austria, known as the Anschluss, which had little reaction from European countries since many Austrians wanted to be part of Germany. Soon, Western Europe agreed to give Sudetenland, the part of Czechoslovakia that was mostly German, to Germany if Hitler promised to stop taking land. However, the rest of the country had been forced to surrender or be invaded by March 1939. The Allies now tried to stop him by promising to help Poland if it was attacked. Just before the war, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement that openly stated that they would not attack each other for ten years. Secretly, they also agreed to divide Eastern Europe between them.
World War II began in Europe on September 1, 1939, as Germany invaded Poland. On September 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany. They did not do much to help Poland but sent only a small French attack on Germany from the west. The Soviet Union soon invaded eastern Poland, on September 17. Finally, all of Poland was divided.
Germany then signed an agreement to work together with the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union forced the Baltic countries to allow it to keep Soviet soldiers in their countries. Finland did not accept the Soviet call, and so it was attacked in November 1939. With peace, the world war broke out. France and Britain thought that the Soviet Union might enter the war for Germany and the Soviets were expelled from the League of Nations.
After Poland was defeated, the "Phoney War" began in Western Europe. British soldiers were sent to the Continent, but no large battles were fought between the two sides. Then, in April 1940, Germany decided to attack Norway and Denmark so that it would be safer to transport iron ore from Sweden. The British and the French sent an army to disrupt the German occupation, but had to leave when Germany invaded France. Neville Chamberlain was replaced by Winston Churchill as British prime minister in May 1940 because of the invasion.
On 10 May, Germany invaded France, Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg and quickly defeated them using massive force tactics. The British were forced to leave mainland Europe at Dunkirk. On June 10, Italy invaded France and declared war on it and the United Kingdom. Soon, France was divided into occupation zones. Some were directly controlled by Germany and Italy, and the other was the zone of unoccupied Vichy France.
By June 1940, the Soviet Union moved its soldiers into the Baltic states and took them, followed by Bessarabia in Romania. Although there had been some collaboration between the Soviet Union and Germany earlier, that event made it serious. Later, when both countries could not agree to work more closely together, relationships between them became worse to the point of the war.
Germany began an air battle over Britain to prepare for a landing on the island, but the plan was canceled in September when they failed to gain the upper hand. The German Navy destroyed many British ships transporting goods in the Atlantic. Italy had begun its operation in the Mediterranean. The United States remained neutral but started to help the Allies. By helping to protect British ships in the Atlantic, the United States found itself fighting German ships by October 1941 but was not officially at war.
In September 1940, Italy began to invade British-held Egypt. In October, Italy invaded Greece, but that resulted in only an Italian retreat to Italian-occupied Albania. Again, in early 1941, an Italian army was pushed from Egypt to Libya in Africa, but Germany soon helped Italy. Under Erwin Rommel's command, by the end of April 1941, the British were pushed back to Egypt again. Germany also successfully invaded Greece, Yugoslavia and Crete by May. Despite the victories, Hitler decided to cancel the bombing of Britain after 11 May.
Meanwhile, Japan's progress in China was still not much, although the nationalist and communist Chinese began fighting each other again. Japan was planning to take over European colonies in Asia while they were weak, and the Soviet Union could feel a danger from Germany and so a non-aggression pact between the Soviets and the Japanese was signed in April 1941. Germany kept preparing to attack the Soviet Union by moving its soldiers close to the Soviet border.
On June 22, 1941, the European Axis countries attacked the Soviet Union. This opened a new Eastern Front (World War II). During the summer, the Axis quickly captured Ukraine and the Baltic regions, which caused huge damage to the Soviets. Britain and the Soviet Union formed a military alliance in July. Although there was great progress in the last two months, when winter arrived, the tired German army was forced to delay its attack just outside Moscow. That showed that the Axis had failed its main targets, and the Soviet army was still not weakened. This marked the end of the blitzkrieg stage of the war.
By December, the Soviet Red Army facing the Axis army had received more soldiers from the east since it no longer feared the Japanese. The Soviets began a counterattack and pushed the German army to the west. The Axis lost a lot of soldiers but still had most of the land that it already controlled.
By November 1941, the British counterattacked the Axis in North Africa and got all the land back that it had lost. However, the Axis pushed the Allies back again until it was stopped at El Alamein.
In Asia, German successes encouraged Japan to call for oil supplies from the Dutch East Indies. Many Western countries reacted to the occupation of French Indochina by banning oil trading with Japan. Plans to take over European colonies in Asia to create a great defensive area in the Pacific was made by Japan to give it more resources. However, before any future invasion, Japan first had to destroy the American Pacific Fleet in the Pacific Ocean. On December 7, 1941, it attacked Pearl Harbor as well as many harbors in several South East Asian countries. That event led the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and the Western Allies to declare war on Japan, but the Soviet Union remained neutral. Most of the Axis nations reacted by declaring war on the United States.
By April 1942, many southeast Asian countries (Burma, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, and Singapore) had almost fallen to the Japanese. In May 1942, the Philippines fell. The Japanese Navy had many quick victories, but in June 1942, Japan was defeated at Midway. Japan could no longer take the land because a large part of its navy was destroyed during the Battle of Midway.
Japan then began its plan to take over Papua New Guinea again, and the United States planned to attack the Solomon Islands. The fight at Guadalcanal began in September 1942 and involved many troops and ships from both sides. It ended with a Japanese defeat in early 1943.
On the Eastern Front, the Axis defeated Soviet attacks during summer and began its own main offensive to southern Russia along Don and Volga Rivers in June 1942 to try to take over oil fields in Caucasus, which were critical to the Axis for fuelling their war effort, and as well as a great steppe. Stalingrad (now Volgograd) was in the path of the Axis army, and the Soviets decided to defend the city. By November, the Germans had nearly taken Stalingrad, but the Soviets surrounded the Germans in the winter After heavy losses, the German army was forced to surrender the city in February 1943. Even though the front was pushed back farther than it was before the summer attacks, the German Army still had become dangerous to an area around Kursk. Hitler devoted almost two-thirds of his armies to The Battle of Stalingrad, which was the largest and deadliest battle at the time.
In August 1942, because of the Allied defense at El Alamein, the Axis army failed to take the town. A new Allied offensive drove the Axis west across Libya a few months later, just after the Anglo-American invasion of French North Africa forced it to join the Allies. That led to Axis defeat during the North African Campaign in May 1943.
In the Soviet Union, on July 4, 1943, Germany started an attack around Kursk. Many German soldiers were lost because of the Soviets' well-created defenses. Hitler cancelled the attack before it had any clear outcome. The Soviets then started their counterattack, which was one of the war's turning points. The Soviets, instead of the Germans, then became the attacking force on the Eastern Front.
On July 9, 1943, affected by the earlier Soviet victories, the Western Allies landed on Sicily, which resulted in the arrest of Mussolini in the same month. In September 1943, the Allies invaded mainland Italy, following the Italian armistice with the Allies. Germany then took control of Italy, disarmed its army, and built many defensive lines to slow the Allied invasion. German special forces rescued Mussolini and created the German-occupied puppet state of the Italian Social Republic.
In late 1943, Japan conquered some islands in India and began an invasion of the mainland of India. The British Indian Army and other forces expelled it in early 1944.
In early 1944, the Soviet army drove off the German army from Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) and ended the longest and deadliest siege in history. After that, the Soviets began a large counterattack. By May, the Soviets had retaken Crimea. With the attacks in Italy from September 1943, the Allies succeeded in capturing Rome on June 4, 1944, and made the German forces fall back.
On D-Day, on June 6, 1944, the Allies began the invasion of Normandy, France. The codename for the invasion was "Operation Overlord". The successful invasion led to the defeat of the German forces in France. Paris was freed in August 1944, and the Allies continued eastward while the German front collapsed. Operation Market Garden was the combined aerial invasion of the Netherlands and was launched on September 17, 1944. The purpose was to seize a series of bridges that included a bridge in Arnhem, which spanned the Rhine River. The airborne invasion was called Market. The ground invasion, named Garden, reached the Rhine but could not take the bridge.
On June 22, the Soviet offensive on the Eastern Front codenamed "Operation Bagration", destroyed almost all of the German Army Group Centre. Soon, the Germans were forced to retreat and to defend Ukraine and Poland. The arriving Soviet troops caused uprisings against the German government in Eastern European countries, but they failed to succeed unless they were helped by the Soviets. Another Soviet offensive forced Romania and Bulgaria to join the Allies. Communist Serbian partisans under Josip Broz Tito retook Belgrade with some help from Bulgaria and the Soviet Union. By early 1945, the Soviets had attacked many German-occupied countries: Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, and Hungary. The Soviets made Finland switch to the Allies.
On December 16, 1944, the Germans tried one last time to take the Western Front by attacking the Allies in Ardennes, Belgium, in a battle known as the Battle of the Bulge. It was the last major German war attack, and the Germans were unsuccessful in their attack.
By March 1945, the Soviets had moved quickly from Vistula River in Poland to East Prussia and Vienna, and the Western Allies had crossed the Rhine. In Italy, the Allies pushed forward while the Soviets attacked Berlin. The Western Allies eventually met up with the Soviets at the Elbe River on April 25, 1945.
Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945, two days after Mussolini had been killed. In his will, Hitler appointed his navy commander, Grand Admiral Karl Donitz, to be his successor. Donitz surrendered to the allies, and opposed Hitler for wanting Germany to continue fighting.
German forces in Italy surrendered on April 29, 1945. Germany surrendered to the Western Allies on May 7, 1945, known as V-E Day, and was forced to surrender to the Soviets on May 8, 1945. The final battle in Europe ended in Italy, on May 11, 1945.
In the Pacific, American forces arrived in the Philippines in June 1944. By April 1945, American and Philippine forces had cleared many of the Japanese forces, but fighting continued in some parts of the Philippines until the end of the war. British and Chinese forces had advanced in Northern Burma and captured Rangoon by May 3, 1945. American forces had taken Iwo Jima by March and Okinawa by June 1945. Many Japanese cities were destroyed by Allied bombings, and Japanese imports were cut off by American submarines.
The Allies wanted Japan to surrender without conditions, but Japan refused to do so. The United States dropped two atomic bombs over Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945). On August 8, 1945, the Soviets entered the war against Japan and invaded Manchuria and quickly defeated the primary Imperial Japanese Army there. On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allies. The surrender documents were formally signed on board the "USS Missouri" on September 2, 1945, which ended the war.
The Allies managed to occupy Austria and Germany. Germany was divided into two. The Soviets controlled the east, and the Western Allies controlled the west. The Allies began denazification, removing Nazi ideas from public life in Germany, and most high-ranking Nazis were captured and brought to a special court. Germany lost a quarter of its land in 1937, mostly to Poland and the Soviet Union. The Soviets also took some parts of Poland and Finland as well as the three Baltic countries. The United Nations was formed on October 24, 1945 to keep peace between countries in the world. However, the relationship between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union had worsened during the war and, soon after it, each power quickly built up their power over the controlled area. In Western Europe and West Germany, it was the United States, while in East Germany and Eastern Europe, it was the Soviet Union, which turned many countries into communist states. The Cold War led to the formation of the American-led NATO and the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact.
In Asia, Japan was put under American occupation. In 1948, Korea was divided into North Korea and South Korea, each claiming to be the legal representative of the Koreans, which led to the Korean War in 1950. The civil war in China continued from 1946 and resulted in the KMT retreating to Taiwan in 1949 after the communists had won the mainland. In the Middle East, the Arabs' disagreed with the United Nations plan to create Israel, which marked the beginning of conflicts between the Arabs and Israel.
After the war, decolonization took place in many European colonies. Bad economies and people wanting to rule themselves were the main reasons. In most cases, that happened peacefully, except in some countries, such as Indochina and Algeria. In many regions, European withdrawal caused divisions among the people who had different ethnic groups or religions.
There is no exact number of deaths because many were unrecorded. Many studies said that more than 60 million people died in the war, mostly civilians. The Soviet Union lost around 27 million people, almost half of the recorded number of deaths, which means that 25% of the Soviets were killed or wounded in the war. About 85% of the total deaths were on the Allies, and the other 15% were on the Axis. Mostly, people died because they were sick, hungry to death, bombed, or the wrong ethnicity.
The Nazis selected many groups of people to be killed in what is known as known as "The Holocaust". They killed Jews, Roma, Poles, Russians, homosexuals, and other groups. Around 11 million to 17 million civilians died. Around 7.5 million people were killed in China by the Japanese. The most well-known Japanese crime is the Nanking massacre, in which hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians were raped and murdered. There were reports that the Germans and Japanese tested biological weapons against civilians and against prisoners-of-war.
Other than the Holocaust, about 12 million people, mostly Eastern Europeans, were forced to work for the German economy. German concentration camps and Soviet gulags caused many deaths. Both sides treated prisoners of war badly. That was the case even for Soviet soldiers who survived and returned home.
Japanese prisoner-of-war camps, many of which were used as labor camps, also caused many deaths. The death rate of Western prisoners was 27.1%, seven times that of prisoners under Germans and Italians. More than 10 million Chinese civilians were made slaves and had to work in mines and war factories. Between 4 and 10 million people were forced to work in Java.
Between 1942 and 1945, US President Franklin Roosevelt signed an order that made Japanese Americans go to internment camps since he feared them helping an invasion. Some Germans and Italians were included as well.
Before the war in Europe, the Allies had a larger population and economy than the Axis. If colonies were included, the GDP of the Allies would be twice that of the Axis. In Asia, however, China had a GDP only 38% higher than Japan if colonies were counted.
The Allied economy and population compared with the Axis lessened with the early Axis victories. However, that was no longer the case after the United States and the Soviet Union joined the Allies in 1941. The Allies had a higher production level than the Axis because of more natural resources. Also, Germany and Japan did not plan for a long war and even had no ability to do so. Both tried to improve their economies by using slave laborers.
As men went off to fight, women took over many of the jobs that they left behind. At factories, women were employed to make bombs, guns, aircraft, and other equipment. In Britain, thousands of women were sent to work on farms as part of the Land Army. Others formed the Women's Royal Naval Service to help with building and repairing ships. Even Princess Elizabeth, who later became Queen Elizabeth II, worked as a mechanic to aid the war effort. By 1945, some weapons were being made almost entirely by women.
In the beginning, women were rarely used in the labor forces in Germany and Japan. However, Allied bombings and the German change to a war economy made women take a greater part.
In Britain, women also worked in gathering intelligence at Bletchley Park and other places. The mass evacuation of children also had a major impact on the lives of mothers during the war years.
Germany had two different ideas of how it would occupy countries. In Western, Northern, and Central Europe, Germany set economic policies that would make it rich. During the war, the policies brought as much as 40% of total German income. In the east, the war against the Soviet Union meant Germany could not use the land to gain resources. The Nazis used their racial policy and murdered a lot of people they thought were non-human. The Resistance, the group of people secretly fighting Germany, could not harm Germany much until 1943.
Japan claimed to free colonized Asian countries from European colonial powers in Asia. Although it was welcomed at first in many territories, its cruel actions soon turned people against it. During the occupation, Japan used 4 million barrels of oil that had been left behind by the Allies. By 1943, Japan produced up to 50 million barrels of oil in the Dutch East Indies, was 76% of its 1940 rate.
The war brought new methods for future wars. The air forces improved greatly in fields such as air transport, strategic bombing to use bombs to destroy industry and morale, radar, and weapons for destroying aircraft. Jet aircraft were developed and were used worldwide in air forces.
At sea, the war focused on using aircraft carriers and submarines. Aircraft carriers soon replaced battleships, mainly for being cheaper. Submarines, a deadly weapon since World War I, also played an important part in the war. The British improved weapons for destroying submarines, such as sonar, while the Germans improved submarine tactics.
The style of war on the land had changed from World War I to be more mobile. Tanks, which had been used to support infantry, changed to being primary weapons. The tank was improved in speed and firepower during the war. At the start of the war, most commanders thought that using better tanks was the best way to fight enemy tanks. However, early tanks could harm armour only a little. The German idea to avoid letting tanks fight each other meant tanks facing tanks rarely happened. That was a successful tactic in Poland and France. Ways to destroy tanks also improved. Vehicles became more used in the war, infantry remained the main part of the army.
Submachine guns became widely used, especially in cities and jungles. The assault rifle, a German development combining features of the rifle and submachine gun, became the main weapon for most armies after the war.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Total of which 7,800,000 were battlefield deaths
<nowiki>**</nowiki>Including Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, etc.
Deaths among civilians during this war, many of which resulted from famine and internal purges, such as in China and the Soviet Union, were colossal but less well documented than those by the fighting forces. Although the figures are the best available from authoritative sources and present a broad picture of the scale of civilian losses, the precise numbers will never be known.
Rubeus Hagrid is a character in the J.K. Rowling "Harry Potter" book series. A teacher and groundskeeper at Hogwarts, the school that Harry Potter attends, Hagrid is a friend of Harry, Ron, and Hermione. Hagrid is also a "half-giant." His father was not a giant, whereas his mother, Fridwulfa, who abandoned him when he was just an infant, was a giantess. He has a half-brother named Grawp. In the "Harry Potter" movies, Hagrid was played by Robbie Coltrane. Martin Bayfield appears as a young Hagrid in "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets".
Rodney "Norvell" Stuckey is a professional National Basketball Association player for the, Detroit Pistons. He went to Eastern Washington University. He went to Kentwood High School, in Kent, Washington. He was born on, April 21, 1986, in Seattle, Washington. He was drafted by the Detroit Pistons in the 1st round (15th pick, 15th overall) of the 2007 NBA draft. His jersey number is 3. He is 6'5", and is 205 pounds. He was the 2007-08 NBA All-Rookie (2nd). He plays the guard position.
Bradley Scott Jones (born 19 March 1982) is an Australian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played in England for Middlesbrough, Stockport County, Rotherham United, Blackpool, and Sheffield Wednesday.
Rudi Vata (born 13 February 1969) is a former Albanian football player. He has played for the Albanian national team.
The Ladykillers is a 2004 American crime comedy movie. It is set in Mississippi and stars Tom Hanks. It was directed by the Coen brothers. It is a remake of the original 1955 movie of the same name.
On February 14, 2017, Paxton underwent open-heart surgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California to repair a damaged aortic heart valve and correct an aortic aneurysm. A day later, he underwent an emergency second surgery to repair a damaged coronary artery. His condition deteriorated over the following 10 days, and he died from a post-surgical stroke on February 25 at the age of 61.
Alias was an American action television series that was made in five seasons from 2001 to 2006. The main actress was Jennifer Garner. A co-starring actor was Mike Vartan.
Charles "Bo" Outlaw (born April 13, 1971; also known as Bo Outlaw) is a retired basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played for the Los Angeles Clippers, Orlando Magic, Phoenix Suns, and Memphis Grizzlies. He played in his last NBA game in 2007. Before playing in the NBA, he played college basketball at South Plains College and the University of Houston.
Williams James "Bill" Murray (born September 21, 1950) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He has played in some drama roles but he usually does comedy. He was in the movies including "Groundhog Day", "Ghostbusters", "Stripes", "Lost in Translation", and "The Jungle Book". He is best known for his work on "Saturday Night Live" and "Ghostbusters". He also plays charity golf with professional golf players.
Murray was born in North Shore University Health System Evanston Hospital at Evanston, Illinois. He was also raised in Chicago, Illinois. He graduated from Loyola Academy and studied at Regis University, where he dropped out.
Murray was married to Margaret Kelly from 1981 until they divorced in 1996. Then he married Jennifer Butler from 1997 to 2008. Murray has 6 children.
A pacemaker is a device created by Earl Bakken that helps to regulate your heart, if you have arrhythmia. It uses electrical pulses. If your heart is beating too fast, the pacemaker slows it down. If your heart slows down, the pacemaker will slightly speed it up, so that it goes back to a normal heart beat.
West Macedonia is one of the thirteen peripheries of Greece. It is also one of the 3 parts of the region of Macedonia and particularly the western. It contains 4 perfectures: Florina, Kozani, Kastoria and Grevena. It borders with Thessaly and Epirus to the west and Central Macedonia to the east. It also borders with two countries in the north: Albania and North Macedonia. It has a total population of 303,857 inhabitants according to the 2001 census. Its capital and biggest city is Kozani.
Listen to Your Heart is a popular electronica/female vocals song. Roxette, sang this song. Different musical artists have made cover versions of this song.
"Here Comes the Rain Again" is a 1984 song by Eurythmics and is the last single from their third studio album "Touch". It went to number 4 in the United States and number 8 in the United Kingdom and Canada.
<nowiki>*</nowiki> both (Versions) are longer than the ones found on the "Touch" album
Gary Jules (born March 19, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter. He is best known for his cover of the Tears for Fears song, "Mad World" that was used in the movie, "Donnie Darko".
The 1st millennium BC was the last millennium before the Common Era. It started on January 1, 1000 BC, and ended on December 31, 1 BC. There was a year 0 and no year 0 BC.
The smallest cup nests are made by hummingbirds. They can be as tiny as a thimble, like the bee hummingbird's nest. That tiny nest holds eggs that are as tiny as peas. The "largest" cup nest is probably the stork's. His nest can be nine feet deep and six feet wide. The stork's nest is so big that smaller birds actually make nests in its cracks, holes, and branches.
"Adherent nests" stick to buildings, trees, cliffs, or other vertical structures. Swallows can build an almost perfectly round nest out of mud. Some species make cup-shaped nests, while others make jug-like nests with little holes in the sides. They put little balls of mud in their mouth and mix it with their saliva, making a special clay. As it dries, it becomes hard.
Bird saliva is very good for making glue: in fact, some species of swiftlets make their whole nest out of saliva. The male regurgitates (throws up) a long, thin strand of saliva from glands under its tongue. This saliva is used to be made into a half-cup nest which sticks to a cave wall and dries quickly. Swiftlets like to build their nests in caves and grottos. This saliva nest is thought to be a delicacy (something "really" yummy to eat) in China, and it is very expensive. They put it into a soup called Bird's Nest Soup.
Platform nests are built mostly by raptors (birds that eat prey, like eagles and hawks). They are usually huge and very high up: on the sides of cliffs, maybe, or high up in a big tree. It takes months making these nests, adding branch by branch. They often return to the same nest year after year and continue to build it. It is because of this that platform nests get "so big": a bald eagle's nest, for example, can weigh as much as a ton (about the same weight as a small car). It is so heavy it can sometimes hurt the tree it is built in.
Earth-hole nests are nests that are inside the earth. They are burrows (tunnels) on the ground or in the sides of cliffs. They like using abandoned rabbit holes, too. The burrowing owl only uses already dug holes for its nest.
Many birds nest right on the ground. After carving out a little hole, ground and mound nesters line the nest with grass or other materials. Geese even pick feathers from their breasts and make a nice downy bed for their eggs. Most ducks, geese, and quail like the ground for nesting. Penguins nest on the ground, too, pushing rocks around the nest to keep it from washing away with flood waters. Usually, males make ground nests.<ref name=Elliott, Andrew (1994), "Family Megapodiidae (Megapodes)", in del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.), Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, ISBN 978-84-87334-15-3 p228.</ref>
The trumpeter swan makes a big mound nest, and flamingos make mounds, too. Flamingos make their mounds completely out of mud. They can be up to 18 inches high and 12 to 20 inches in width.
A car bomb is a bomb device that is hidden within a vehicle. It is usually driven into places where there will be many people. Terrorists use car bombs more than any other type of organization. The car with the bomb attached to it will explode. This will usually cause fires and small pieces of metal which cause most of the damage.
Mancini (Brazilian footballer)
Karim Mostafa Benzema (born December 19 1987) is a French footballer. He plays as a striker for La Liga club Real Madrid and the France national team.
In October 2021, in the trial of Karim Benzema in the Mathieu Valbuena sextape case, the Versailles prosecutor's office asked the criminal court to pronounce a ten-month suspended prison sentence and a 75,000 euro fine against Karim. Benzema.
Akhrik Tsveiba (born 10 September 1966) is a former Ukrainian-Russian football player. He has played for Soviet Union national team, Ukraine national team and Russia national team.
Henny Meijer
Henny Meijer (born February 17, 1962) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for the Dutch national team.
Howard Bison
Denzel played Malcolm X in the 1992 movie "Malcolm X". He played Whip Whitaker in the 2012 film "Flight". His son, John David, is also an actor. He also made his film debut in the 1974 film "Death Wish".
Doddinghurst is a village and civil parish in south Essex. It is 3 miles (5 km) to the north of Brentwood. It has a population of 2832 people. There are three rivers in as attractions.
One of the earliest forms of fixed railway signal is the semaphore. These signals display their different indications to train drivers by changing the angle of inclination of a pivoted 'arm'.
Fossils of "Thecodontosaurus" have been found in southwest England (near Bristol) and Wales. "Thecodontosaurus" was first described by H. Riley and S. Stutchbury in 1836, and named by Morris in 1843.
Modern cladistic work has not been conclusive. "Thecodontosaurus" was earlier put under the Prosauropoda. More recently was suggested that "Thecodontosaurus" and its relatives came before the prosauropod-sauropod split. "Thecodontosaurus" is in a basal position among the sauropodomorph dinosaurs. New reconstructions show that its neck is proportionally shorter than those in more 'advanced' sauropodomorphs.
Eric Holder (born January 21, 1951) is an American attorney. He served as the Attorney General of the United States, under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2015. He was the first African-American to hold that post. Before being named as Attorney General, he was the U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia under President Clinton and help pick Joe Biden as Obama's running mate. Holder was born in the Bronx.
On 22 December 1849 8 A.M. he was pretended to be led out, with twenty other people, for execution by firing squad in the Semenovsky Square in St Petersburg. The first group was actually and tied up, while the second group watched. This terrible mock execution made one of the prisoners go insane. But then the order was suddenly changed, and he was given "katorga" (labor in Siberia) for four years. This had a great influence on his life. After that, he was to serve the military in Siberian .
Smerdyakov is almost Ivan's "double" at times; when Alyosha asks him politely if he knows where Dmitry is, he replies coldly, "It's not as if I were his keeper" (p. 269). A few pages later, Ivan says, "'You are always harping upon it! What have I to do with it? Am I my brother Dmitri's keeper?'" (p. 275) Later, when Fyodor Pavlovich is drunkenly talking about how he made Alyosha's mother, Sofya, become unhappy by insulting her God, Ivan angrily reminds him that Sofya was his mother, too. Fyodor exclaims in surprise:
Georgetown is a community in Ontario, Canada. It is part of the town of Halton Hills, Ontario. A neighbouring community is Acton, Ontario.
When Napoleon abdicated in 1814, Europe, and mostly France, was in great confusion. The Congress of Vienna met to draw the continent's political map again. Many European countries came to the congress. However, the four most important powers on the continent controlled the decisions. These powers were the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia, and Prussia, represented by King Frederick William III. Another very important person at the Congress was Charles Maurice de Talleyrand. He was a French diplomat under Napoleon. After the turmoil of the past two decades, France was considered an enemy state.
Pedro Manuel Torres (born 18 March 1982), known as Mantorras, is an Angolan retired footballer who played as a striker.
'Individual
Nuno Miguel Soares Pereira Ribeiro (born 5 July 1976), known as Nuno Gomes, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a striker.
includes one match in the Italian Supercup.
Dissection means to cut open the animal in order to ascertain the structure of it parts. Dissection is a standard laboratory technique in biology and pathology. To dissect is to cut up a body so as to reveal its structure. The body could be that of a human, an animal, or a plant. Dissections are regularly done in autopsies to help determine the cause of death. They are done by zoologists to find out the internal structure of animal bodies. The comparative anatomy of animals, revealed by dissections, gives clues as to their evolutionary relationships.
Major groups in large text.
Adoram Keisi (; born June 17, 1972) is a retired Israeli professional football player. He was a left back.
Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. is an Italian car manufacturer created on June 24, 1910 in Milan. Alfa Romeo has been a part of the Fiat Group since 1986, and since February 2007 a part of Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. The company was originally known as A.L.F.A., which stands for Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili (English: Lombard Automobile Factory, Public Company). 1870
Interstate 15 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from San Diego, California north to Sweetgrass, Montana at the Canada border. It also connects the cities of Las Vegas, Nevada and Salt Lake City, Utah. The route is long and passes through the states of California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Idaho, and Montana.
Interstate 16 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Georgia in the United States. It goes from Macon east to Savannah. The route is long.
Interstate 17 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Arizona in the United States. It goes from Phoenix north to Flagstaff. The route is long.
Interstate 19 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Arizona in the United States. It goes from Nogales at the Mexico border north to Tucson. The route is long.
The state of North Carolina wanted to expand the interstate to Wilmington, North Carolina to I-40. This was not approved by the government and remains unfunded.
Interstate 22 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Memphis, Tennessee, east to Birmingham, Alabama, on U.S. Route 78.
Interstate 24 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Goreville, Illinois southeast to East Ridge, Tennessee. The route is long.
Interstate 25 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Las Cruces, New Mexico north to Buffalo, Wyoming. Cities in between include Albuquerque, New Mexico; Santa Fe, New Mexico; Pueblo, Colorado; Colorado Springs, Colorado; Denver, Colorado; Cheyenne, Wyoming; and Casper, Wyoming. The route is long.
Interstate 26 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Kingsport, Tennessee southeast to Charleston, South Carolina. The route is long.
Interstate 27 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Texas in the United States. It goes from Lubbock north to Amarillo. The route is long.
Interstate 30 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from the Fort Worth, Texas area east to Little Rock, Arkansas. The route is long.
Interstate 37 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Texas in the United States. It goes from Corpus Christi north to San Antonio. The route is long.
Interstate 39 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Normal, Illinois north to Rothschild, Wisconsin. The route is long.
Interstate 40, or I-40 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It runs from Barstow, California in the west to Wilmington, North Carolina in the east. The route is long. From west to east, it goes throughout the states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Some cities it goes through are Albuquerque, New Mexico; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Little Rock, Arkansas; Memphis, Tennessee; Nashville, Tennessee; Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Greensboro, North Carolina; Durham, North Carolina; and Raleigh, North Carolina. It's a really neat interstate, even featured in Cars, the Movie.
Interstate 43 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Wisconsin in the United States. It goes from Beloit north to Green Bay. The route is long.
Interstate 44 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Wichita Falls, Texas northeast to St. Louis, Missouri. The route is long.
Interstate 45 is an Interstate Highway in the state of Texas in the United States. It goes from Galveston north to Dallas. The route is long.
Interstate 49 (I-49) is an Interstate Highway in the states of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Missouri in the United States. It goes from Lafayette, Louisiana north to Kansas City, Missouri. The route is long.
I-49 is currently in three separate segments. The first segment goes from Lafayette to Shreveport, Louisiana. The second segment goes from just north of Shreveport to Texarkana, Arkansas. The third segment goes from Alma, Arkansas to Kansas City. In the future, I-49 will be a fully connected highway from New Orleans, Louisiana to Kansas City. These unfinished portions are in many stages of planning or construction.
Interstate 55 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Laplace, Louisiana north to Chicago, Illinois. The route is long.
Interstate 57 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Miner, Missouri north to Chicago, Illinois. The route is long.
Interstate 59 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Slidell, Louisiana northeast to Wildwood, Georgia. The route is long.
Interstate 64 is a long Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Wentzville, Missouri east to Chesapeake, Virginia. The route is long.
Interstate 65 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Mobile, Alabama north to Gary, Indiana. The route is long.
Interstate 66 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Middletown, Virginia east to Washington, D.C.. The route is long.
Interstate 68 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from Morgantown, West Virginia east to Hancock, Maryland. The route is long.