adityasasidhar/Wikipedia_Cleaned huggingface dataset:
The Sikh Empire was an empire in the Punjab region of Pakistan, and also covered some areas of India and Tibet. It lasted from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, until 1849, when the British East India Company defeated it in the Second Anglo-Sikh War. The empire stretched from Gilgit and Tibet in the north to the deserts of Sindh in the south and from the Khyber Pass in the west to the Sutlej in the east.
The empire was divided into four provinces; Lahore, Multan, Peshawar, and Kashmir and had a diverse population of around 4.5 million in 1831, with Muslims being the majority at 70% and Sikhs at 6%. The British Empire annexed it, marking the end of Sikh rule in the Indo-Pak subcontinent.
The empire's origins trace back to the capture of Lahore from Zaman Shah Durrani, and Ranjit Singh became Maharaja in 1801. Expelling Afghans and unifying Sikh misls, he modernized the army with advanced training and weaponry. However, after his death, internal divisions and political mismanagement weakened the empire. The British East India Company took advantage, and in 1849, the Sikh Empire fell after losing the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
The Sikh Empire officially started in 1801 when the Misls united to form a single state. The leaders of the Misls, linked to the army, were usually from noble families with a long history in Sikh and Muslim traditions.
The empire covered the Punjab region to the west, Khyber Pass, Kashmir in the north, Sindh in the south, and Tibet in the east. In 1799, Ranjit Singh moved the capital from Gujranwala to Lahore, previously established by his grandfather in 1763. Ranjit Singh annexed the Sial State in 1807 after invading Jhang, citing a conspiracy between the local ruler and Nawab Muzaffar Khan of Multan.
Hari Singh Nalwa served as the Commander-in-Chief of the Sikh Khalsa Army from 1825 to 1837. He played a key role in conquering various regions and securing the Koh-i-Noor diamond. Nalwa expanded the empire's frontier to the Indus River, and at the time of his death, the western boundary was the Khyber Pass.
The empire was divided into various provinces (known as "Subas"), them namely being:
Yastreb
Yastreb can be
Mian Tahir Pervaz
Mian Tahir Pervaz (born 4 June 1979) is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018 and 15 August 2018 to 13 January 2020. He is the son of Pakistani Businessman Riaz Ahmed Zulfiqar, he is from his 3rd mother.
He was born on 4 June 1979 in Faisalabad.
He went to Government College University.
He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab for the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) in the 2013 Pakistani general election. He was a representative for Constituency PP-69 (Faisalabad-XIX).
Intangible cultural heritage
An intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is something that is considered by UNESCO to be part of a place's cultural heritage. Buildings, historic places, monuments, and artifacts are cultural property, not intangible heritage. Intangible heritage is things like folklore, customs, beliefs, traditions, knowledge, and language.
Intangible cultural heritage is considered by member states of UNESCO to be like the tangible World Heritage but focusing on intangible parts of culture. In 2001, UNESCO made a survey among countries and NGOs to try to agree on a definition, and the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was drafted in 2003 for its protection and promotion.
Shenzhou 17
"Shenzhou 17" is a Chinese spaceflight to the Tiangong space station, launched on 26 October 2023. It carries three (astronauts or) taikonauts from the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps. The spacecraft is a Shenzhou spacecraft. The mission is the twelfth crewed Chinese spaceflight and the seventeenth flight overall of the Shenzhou program.
Disraeli Gears is the second studio album by Cream. Cream were a British rock band. The band released the album in November 1967. "Disraeli Gears" was number five on the UK Albums Chart. It was also number one on Swedish, Finnish, and Australian music charts. It was the number one album in the United States in 1968. The album had two singles. These were "Strange Brew" and "Sunshine of Your Love". In 1999, the album was put in the Grammy Hall of Fame.
Creed II
Creed II is a 2018 boxing movie.
LADbible Group
LADbible Group, part of LBG Media, is a British digital publisher. Its headquarters is in Manchester and it has offices in London, Dublin, Sydney, Melbourne and Auckland.
LADbible Group's media brands have an audience approaching a billion, with 262 million followers worldwide across the major social media platforms and its five websites attract almost 69 million unique visitors every month.<ref name="Woods https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2021/12/12/ladbible-aims-beat-buzzfeed-viral-media-battle"></ref> Its brands include LADbible, UNILAD, GAMINGbible, SPORTbible and Tyla, among many others. They get more than 28 billion content views globally every year.
Philautus amoenus
The Kamboranga bubble-nest frog or Kamboranga bush frog ("Philautus amoenus") is a frog. It lives in Malaysia on Mount Kinabalu, between 900 and 3000 m above sea level.
Siraiki (Sindhi dialect)
Siraiki also called Ubheji, Siroli, Sireli is a dialect of Sindhi language. Spoken by some Sindhi people of Sindh. Siraiki word is derived from two Sindhi words one "Siro/Sero" meaning name for region (Sauvira) in ancient Sindh, and "Ki" meaning of/Belonging to. other names also have the same meaning. The people of Siro region are called Sirai/Serai.
Wild Mood Swings is the tenth studio album by English gothic rock band The Cure. It was released on 6 May, 1996 through Fiction Records and went to number 9 in the United Kingdom and Switzerland, number 12 in the United States and Austria, number 10 in New Zealand and number 5 in Sweden. It received mixed reviews and was seen as a disappointment from their previous two albums.
All songs by Bamonte, Cooper, Gallup, O'Donnell and Smith.
House of the Tiles
The House of the Tiles is a large Early Bronze Age building with two stories located at Lerna in southern Greece. It is known for its advanced architecture, especially its roof covered by baked tiles giving the building its name. The building is a type of house called a "corridor house".
The House of the Tiles was discovered during excavations made in the early 1950s by the American School of Classical Studies led by John Langdon Caskey of the University of Cincinnati.
Carbon-14 dating shows that the House of the Tiles was destroyed by fire in the 22nd century BC. Not long after the destruction, the place was cleared in a way as to leave a low tumulus over the site. The cause of the destruction was first attributed by John Langdon Caskey to an invasion of Greeks and/or Indo-Europeans during the Early Bronze Age. But the complexity of the tumulus built over the house's ruins by Bronze Age people shows instead a "showing of respect for their predecessors that one would not expect of invaders of a different culture."
Timini Egbuson
Timini Egbuson (born 10 June 1987) is a Nigerian actor and media personality. He won the 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards Best Actor in a Drama.
In 2017, he was nominated for the Best New Actor of the Year during the City People Entertainment Awards and Male Revelation of the Year at Best of Nollywood Awards. In 2019, he won the Prize for Acting at The Future Awards Africa and AMVCA awards' Best Actor in a Drama (Movie/TV series).
Ruby Barnhill
Barnhill was born on 16 July 2004 in Knutsford, Cheshire, England. She lives with her parents and younger sister in Cheshire, and she is a member of the local youth theatre.
Wayne Sermon
Wayne Sermon is an musician, and songwriter from the United States. He is the highest of all of the guitar players in the band Imagine Dragons. Sermon was born the 15th of June 1984 in the county American Fork in the state of Utah. He was born in a devout non trinitarian christian family and was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints but left due to unknown reasons.
Ludo is a board game for two to four players. In the game, the players race their four tokens from start to finish according to the rolls of a single dice. Like other cross and circle games, Ludo is taken from the Indian game Pachisi. The game and its versions are popular in many countries and under different names.
TRT Haber (English: TRT News) is a Turkish news and current affairs television channel. It was established by TRT on 18 March, 2010.
It became Turkey's most watched news channel between 2018 and November 2020.
Taylor rule
The Taylor rule is a monetary policy for how central banks manage money. It was made by economist John B. Taylor in 1992. The idea is to control the economy by adjusting short-term interest rates. The rule looks at the federal funds rate, price level, and changes in real income. It figures out the best federal funds rate based on the gap between the desired inflation rate and the actual inflation rate, plus the gap between actual and natural output level. When inflation is higher than the target, the Taylor rule suggests a higher interest rate.
In the United States, the Federal Open Market Committee manages money policy, aiming for a 2% average inflation rate. The Taylor rule is different from discretionary policy, which depends on personal views of monetary policy authorities and has fewer factors considered.
Made in Japan (Buck Owens song)
"Made in Japan" is a 1972 song by Buck Owens and was taken from his studio album "In the Palm of Your Hand". It was his last number one country single in the United States and Canada and number 17 in Australia.
If You Leave (song)
"If You Leave" is a 1986 song by British band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark and was taken from the 1986 movie "Pretty in Pink". It went to the top 5 in the United States, New Zealand and Canada, number 48 in the United Kingdom and number 15 in Australia.
Progymnosperm
Progymnosperms are ancient plants that don't exist anymore. They were like woody plants with spores and probably came from trimerophytes. Later, they led to the development of gymnosperms, which are the ancestors of acrogymnosperms and angiosperms (flowering plants). People sometimes call them Progymnospermophyta or Progymnospermopsida.
My Father's Eyes (song)
"My Father's Eyes" is a 1998 song by Eric Clapton and is the leading single from his 13th studio album "Pilgrim". It went to number 33 in the United Kingdom, number 72 in the Netherlands, number 12 in Iceland, number 41 in Scotland, number 2 in Canada and number 2 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. It won a Grammy Award in 1999.
TheCable
TheCable is an independent news source in Lagos, Nigeria. It was founded by Simon Kolawole in 2014 and published by The Cable Newspaper Ltd established on 2011.
In 2023, TheCable launched an app to aid people with defect read news.
Streets of Bakersfield
"Streets of Bakersfield" is a 1973 song written by Homer Joy and popularized in 1988 by Buck Owens featuring Dwight Yoakam. It went to number 1 on the country single charts in the United States and Canada. It is the leading single from Yoakam's third studio album "Buenas Noches from a Lonely Room".
Kayode Kasum
Mercy Johnson
Mercy Johnson Okojie (born 28 August 1984) is a Nigerian actress and movie producer.
Mercy was born on 28 August 1984. She went to Rivers State Secondary School and Nigerian Navy Secondary School in Port Harcourt for her secondary education.
She made her debut, "The Maid." She has also appeared on movies including "Hustlers", Baby Oku in America", "War in the Palace." She is also an ambassador of "Tiger Foods Limited."
Blackout Ripper (Brainbombs single)
Blackout Ripper is a single released by Swedish noise rock band Brainbombs. The single was released by Skrammel Records in 2023. It was the first 7" the band has released in around 15 years. The album art includes a picture of Gordon Cummins on the cover, who was also called the Blackout Ripper.
Valerian Okeke
Valerian Maduka Okeke (born 20 October 1953) is a Nigerian prelate serving as the current Archbishop of the Catholic Archdiocese of Onitsha. He is also the metropolitan of Onitsha Ecclesiastical Province.
History of psychiatry
The history of psychiatry began in India with the Charaka Samhita which was a book in Sanskrit about medicine. It talks about treating Madness. In Ancient Greece, people normally thought Madness was caused by being cursed by one of the gods, usually Dionysus, or was happening because someone was making a prophecy. But then Democritus and Hippocrates said Madness was caused by physical disease. Democritus experimented on animals to figure out how that worked.
There were still people in Ancient Rome and in the Dark Ages who believed Madness was caused by Demonic possession and could be cured by excorcism.
In Iraq, in the 9th Century, people started to build hospitals called bimaristans which had rooms for people who were violent and insane.
In the 13th Century, people in Christian Europe started to build hospitals for mad people called lunatic asylums but they were used mainly to keep them inside instead of trying to cure them.
In 1621, a man named Robert Burton wrote a book about Madness called The Anatomy of Melancholy. Burton said that knowing how the human mind works was the most important thing there was.
In 1758, William Battie wrote a book called Treatise on Madness. He said Madness was caused by physical problems with the Brain and the rest of the Body. He criticized a British hospital called Bedlam for treating mad people badly. In 1789, George III went mad and people in Great Britain started to say that Madness was a disease to be cured. A Quaker named William Tuke said that Insane Asylums were doing a bad job and that they should use therapy instead. Philippe Pinel made the same arguments as Tuke did in France.
In 1808, a German doctor named Johann Christian Reil started to use the word Psychiatry to mean using Medicine and Therapy to treat Madness. Then Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum and Emil Kraepelin started to say that there were different kinds of Madness called Mental Disorders and tried to explain and name different Mental Illnesses.
Presidential Commission on the Status of Women
The President's Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW) was established to advise the president of the United States on issues concerning the status of women. It was created by President John F. Kennedy and was signed into law on December 14, 1961. In 1975 it became the National Association of Commissions for Women.
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Onitsha
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Onitsha () was established on 18th April, 1950.
Leadership: Valerian Okeke, Archbishop of Onitsha.
It houses the [Archbishop]] who lives in the Basilica of the Most Holy Trinity, Onitsha, the only basilica of Roman Catholicism in Nigeria.
PowerSchool (NYSE: PWSC) is the leading provider of cloud-based software for K-12 education in North America.
Its mission is to power the education ecosystem with unified technology that helps educators and students realize their full potential, in their way.
PowerSchool connects students, teachers, administrators, and parents, with the shared goal of improving student outcomes. From the office to the classroom to the home, it helps schools and districts efficiently manage state reporting and related compliance, special education, finance, human resources, talent, registration, attendance, funding, learning, instruction, grading, assessments and analytics in one unified platform.
The Dominic Cardinal Ignatius Ekandem Villa which houses the Gaudium et Spe Institute in Asokoro, Abuja.
The United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) was a human rights commission the United Nations from 1946 until it was replaced by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2006. It's purpose was to promote the protection of human rights.
On March 15, 2006, the UN General Assembly voted to replace UNCHR with the UN Human Rights Council.
Baby Keem
Hykeem Jamaal Carter Jr. (born October 22, 2000), his stage name being Baby Keem, is an American rapper and record producer. He was raised in Las Vegas, and was noticed in the late 2010s with his help to "", "Redemption", "Crash Talk", and "". He was first noticed in 2019 through his sleeper hit single "Orange Soda".
After he signed a deal with PGLang and Columbia Records in 2020, he released his first studio album "The Melodic Blue" (2021), which was very successful. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and its final single, "Family Ties", won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance. His help with Kanye West on "Donda" (2021) and his cousin Kendrick Lamar on "Mr. Morale & the Big Steppers" (2022) earned him two chances for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year.
Hykeem Jamaal Carter Jr. was born on October 22, 2000, in Carson, California. His mother had problems with drug abuse and alcoholism, while his father, Hykeem Carter Sr., was not in his life. Carter was raised in Las Vegas, Nevada by his grandmother until he was eight years old, and he thinks of her to be his second mother. A lot of his childhood was spent in music studios as he watched his aunts and uncles put music onto CDs using LimeWire. He also had problems with eviction and needed food stamps.
Carter was raised around a musically skilled family, where all of his uncles and cousins were rappers. His older cousins include rapper Kendrick Lamar and basketball player Nick Young. He may also share some relatives with rapper Tanna Leone. He was always interested in rapping, but was not confident with his high-pitched voice and chose to wait until it was developed. When he was thirteen, Carter began producing music using Apple software on his computer. At fifteen, he borrowed $300 from his grandmother and bought a small recording setup for his bedroom on Craigslist. He soon moved to Los Angeles to go into a musical job. Carter disliked his "boring", "dry", and "small" hometown where "everybody knows everybody", and gave credit to its old music scene as a big factor in his decision to move. He used to post and livestream "Minecraft" and "FIFA" gameplay on YouTube and Twitch.
Carter made his first song, "Come Thru", during his freshman year of high school. It was removed from the Internet and he hopes "nobody will ever find it." His first extended play (EP), "Oct", was independently released under his real name on November 7, 2017, but was removed from major streaming services a bit after its release. "RapTV" said that the 9-track EP showed traces of Carter's future musical style by "featuring a mix of bouncy, hard beats and slower, emotional cuts." He released his second EP, "Midnight", on January 16, 2018. It showed the same production as "Oct", but "RapTV" said that Carter's lines were "more confident and loud." In an interview with "Complex", he said that "Midnight" did not have any big artistic way, and described the project as "just nine songs in my stash that I liked and put out."
After he emailed a sample of his production to an independent record label, called Top Dawg Entertainment, Carter helped the soundtrack album for the superhero film "Black Panther" (2018) as a producer. During the summer, he released two EPs, "No Name" and "Hearts and Darts", and produced two songs on Jay Rock's third album "Redemption". He considers "Hearts and Darts", which was his first project under his stage name Baby Keem, to have the style that "Midnight" did not have. In October 2018, he released his first mixtape, "The Sound of Bad Habit", through the Orchard and Sony Music. The mixtape was produced by Cardo.
Keem's partnership with creative services company pgLang, founded by Kendrick Lamar and filmmaker Dave Free, was announced through his appearance in the company's visual mission statement on March 5, 2020. He was included on "XXL"s yearly Freshman Class list in August. After signing a recording contract with Columbia Records, Keem released the single album "Hooligan / Sons & Critics" on September 18, 2020; with Sons & Critics confirming his relation to Lamar after rumors began to emerge.
Keem was put on Kanye West's song "Praise God" with Travis Scott for Kanye's tenth album, "Donda" (2021). "The Melodic Blue", his first studio album, was released on September 10, 2021. He co-produced 14 of the album's 16 standard songs. It was given positive reviews from music critics, with praise towards its bold nature and Keem's growing potential, but criticism towards its "half-baked" production. The album started at number five on the "Billboard" 200, becoming Keem's first top-10 album in the U.S. Two of the album's four singles, "Durag Activity" with Travis Scott and "Family Ties" with Kendrick Lamar, had good success. Keem went on the Melodic Blue Tour, which visited cities in North America and Europe from November 2021 to July 2022, and appeared on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" to help sell "The Melodic Blue". A B-side to the album was released on September 22, 2021, while the deluxe edition was released on October 28, 2022.
One of Keem's favorite artists and big musical inspirations is Kid Cudi. He was very inspired by his changes of his voice and emotional connection, mostly on the single "Immortal" (2013). As a child, Keem remembered listening to Kanye West's "808s & Heartbreak" (2008) during a snow day in Las Vegas and being inspired by the album's cinematic quality. He has said that he will "never say anything ill (bad)" about West, and gives him credit for consistently changing music genre boundaries. Keem self-identifies as part of the Mike Will Made It and Metro Boomin generation of record producers, and has inspiration from both artists.
Legislature of the Marshall Islands
The Legislature of the Marshall Islands has 33 members, elected for a four-year term in nineteen single-seat and five multi-seat constituencies.
Palace of Fine Arts can be
Daniel Revenu
Revenu received a gold medal in "foil team" at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He participated and received medals at the 1964, 1968, 1972 and 1976 summer Olympics.
Revenu died on 2 January 2024, at the age of 81.
Rosie Reyes
Reyes died from a lung disease at her home in Mexico City, on 4 January 2024, at the age of 84.
Ayla Algan
Algan died on 4 January 2024 in Istanbul at the age of 86.
Kishin Shinoyama
Shinoyama died on January 4, 2024 in Tokyo, Japan at the age of 83.
Christian Oliver
Oliver had both movie and television roles. He appeared in "Speed Racer", "The Baby-Sitters Club", "The Good German", "", "Valkyrie", "Sense8", "Hunters" and "Timeless".
In 2010, he married Jessica Mazur. They divorced in 2021. They had two daughters.
Oliver and his two daughters were killed in a plane crash on 4 January 2024 off the coast of Bequia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
Shahbaz Bukhari
Popular Mobilization Forces
Firehouse Subs
Firehouse Subs is an American restaurant chain based in Jacksonville, Florida. It was founded in 1994 by former firefighter brothers Chris and Robin Sorensen. In December 2021, the chain was acquired by Restaurant Brands International.
Fazoli's
Fazoli's is an American fast casual restaurant chain headquartered in Lexington, Kentucky. It was founded in 1988. It is owned by FAT Brands.
Sheetal Thakur
Sheetal Thakur Massey is an actress from India. She mainly acts in Hindi movies and shows on the internet. She started her acting career with a Punjabi movie called Bambukat in 2016. She got nominated for the Best Supporting Actress award at the Filmfare Awards Punjabi for that. In 2018, she acted in her first Hindi film, "Brij Mohan Amar Rahe". Thakur is famous for her roles in the movies "Chappad Phaad Ke" and "Shukranu", as well as the web series "Broken But Beautiful".
Ingles is an American supermarket chain. It is headquartered in Black Mountain, North Carolina. It has 198 supermarkets in the Southeastern United States.
Stumbling on Happiness is a nonfiction book by Daniel Gilbert. It came out in 2006 in the United States and Canada. It is a bestseller in the New York Times. They also translated it into more than thirty languages.
Gilbert's main idea is that people are not good at imagining the future and what will make them happy. He says this happens because of how they see things and their thinking habits. According to him, there are three ways the imagination does not work well:
Gilbert also talks about 'filling in,' which means the mind often uses patterns to connect events we remember with other events we think should be part of the expected experience. This 'filling in' is something our eyes and optic nerves do too, like when they replace the blind spot in our vision with what our mind thinks should be there.
The book is made for regular people, and it tries not to use complicated words. Instead, it explains everyday mistakes in thinking by using simple experiments that take advantage of those mistakes.
Land O'Lakes
Land O'Lakes is an American member-owned agricultural cooperative. It is based in the Minneapolis-St. Paul suburb of Arden Hills, Minnesota, United States. It was founded on July 8, 1921. Every year it handles 12 billion pounds of milk. It is one of the largest producers of butter, cheese and dairy products in the United States.
Kenneth Noland
He was first an expressionist abstract painter, in the 1950s, and after, a minimalist painter, in the 1960s. He became one of the best-known American painters in the abstract style of color field. He helped in the creation of the the Washington Color School movement.
Philautus kempiae
The Tura bubble-nest frog, Kemp's bush frog, or the Tura shrub frog ("Philautus kempiae") is a type of frog. It lives in India, in the Garo Hills.
This frog is about 17 mm long from nose to rear end. There is webbed skin on the back feet but not on the front feet. There are large disks on the toes for climbing. There is a black mark between the eyes and another on the back. The belly is white with brown marks. This frog has a round nose.
Balebreviceps hillmani
The Bale Mountains tree frog, Bale rain frog, or Ethiopian short-headed frog ("Balebreviceps hillmani") is a frog. It lives in Ethiopia. Scientists have seen it 3200 meters above sea level in Harenna Forest in the Bale Mountains.
The adult male frog is about 36-39 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog 45-53 mm. It has a small head and eyes for a frog. Its eardrums are hard to see. The skin of the frog's back is thick and bumpy but the skin of the belly is thin and smooth. The skin of the frog's back is dark in color, purple or brown, with light yellow stripes on each side. There are also light marks on the sides of the head all the way to the nose. The back legs are also light in color, with some orange. The bottoms of the feet are light gray or peach in color. The belly is yellow in color, but it can be gray.
When scientists first wrote about this frog in 1986, there were many, but people built a highway into the place where they live in 1983. Since then, humans had built towns and farms and places for animals to eat grass. Humans have cut down trees in the forests to get wood to build with. All this change has been bad for the frog. It is now very close to dying out. Scientists are not sure, but they think the chytrid fungus might be making this frog sick.
Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Crimea, a independent area, is named the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Ukraine used to own it. The republic is viewed globally as an unlawfully taken part of Ukraine by Russia. Crimea was a part of Russia until 1954. Then, they gave it to Ukraine as a gift. But in 2014, Russia wanted Crimea back from Ukraine. Ukraine refused to give back Crimea so Russia took Crimea back forcefully. <mapframe latitude="45.096791" longitude="34.343262" zoom="2" width="200" height="100" />Crimea's Population is 2,416,856 (2021) and Density is 219.1/sq mi.
Crimea's Size is 10,425 sq mi.
Crimea's Nominal GDP is $7 Billion and GDP Per Capita is $300.
Crimea's Main Language is Crimean (Short for Crimean Tatar). Other Languages Include Russian, and Ukrainian.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_subdivisions_of_Russia
Ghosh (caste)
Ghosh or Ghosha is a Yadav clan from India
The term Ghosh/Ghosha has been derived from the Sanskrit root Ghush which means to shout, is also an indicative of the profession of a herds-man as he shouts while herding the cattle. In ancient Indian literature, the cowherds have been attributed with different appellations ike the Gopas, Ghosha,Yadavs and the Abhiras(Ahir). These ancient appellations have their modern counterparts viz. Guala, Ghosi and Ahir.
Cabinets of curiosities, also known as wonder-rooms, were collections of various objects in Renaissance Europe. These collections, emerging in the 16th century, had no strict categories, encompassing natural history, geology, art, and more. They were significant before modern museums, showcasing the interests of their owners.
The term "cabinet" initially referred to a room, not furniture. Objects in these cabinets ranged from natural specimens to artworks. Besides rulers' and aristocrats' collections, even the merchant class and early scientists formed similar collections, acting as precursors to museums. These cabinets served to reflect the curator's interests and establish social status. Two main types existed: princely cabinets for representation and aesthetic appeal, and more modest collections for practical and scientific purposes.
They also functioned as entertainment, illustrated by the Royal Society's early meetings. Although educational, these exhibitions aimed at combining learning with entertainment.
The earliest known natural history cabinet is depicted in Ferrante Imperato's Dell'Historia Naturale (Naples 1599). It showcased preserved fishes, stuffed mammals, shells, and more.
Notable cabinets belonged to Ole Worm and Athanasius Kircher. These cabinets contained preserved animals, minerals, and mythical creatures. Worm's catalog, Museum Wormianum (1655), contributed to science.
In the 18th century, Belsazar Hacquet's natural history cabinet gained fame. "Green Vaults" in Dresden displayed Augustus the Strong's wonders. The "Enlightenment Gallery" at the British Museum aimed to recreate the diversity of mid-18th-century museums.
In the U.S., Thomas Dent Mutter's collection focused on medical oddities. P. T. Barnum's American Museum and the Hobby Club in New York continued the tradition of showcasing curiosities.
By the early 18th century, curiosities began losing influence as Enlightenment thinkers emphasized nature's patterns. Curiosities were seen as exceptions, not divine messages, and were less studied.
Sailing on the Seven Seas
"Sailing on the Seven Seas" is a 1991 song by British band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark and is the leading single from their eighth studio album "Sugar Tax". It went to number 3 in the United Kingdom, Sweden and Austria, number 77 in Australia, number 9 in Germany and number 5 in Ireland and was covered by German band Fools Garden in 2015.
Special-edition CD single
Kingdome
King County Stadium (known better as the Kingdome) was a multi-use stadium located in Seattle, Washington. The arena used to serve as the home for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL), the Seattle Sounders of the North American Soccer League (NASL), the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB), and the Seattle SuperSonics of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
The Seattle Pilots of Major League Baseball (MLB) began playing in 1969 at Sick's Stadium. MLB did not think that Sick's Stadium was a proper stadium for a major-league team and when they gave them the team, they said that the team must build a new stadium by 1970. The arena was approved by King Country voters with $40 million in bonds and 62% voting in favor on February 13, 1968. The Pilots would not be able to survive until the stadium was built. They were forced to declare bankruptcy and were moved to Milwaukee to become the Milwaukee Brewers.
They first started to build the stadium in November 2, 1972. The groundbreaking ceremony was met with protestors who threw mud at people. They were angry that the stadium was being built near the International District. The city of Seattle was awarded a professional football team by the National Football League (NFL) on December 5, 1974. The team would go to be named the Seattle Seahawks. The arena was opened on March 27, 1976 and the opening ceremony had an attendance of 54,000 people.
Seahawks owner Ken Behring wanted to move the team to Southern California but the NFL would block the move and would fine Behring $900,000 for every day that the Seahawks were in Anaheim. The team would be bought by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen in 1997. He would keep the team in Seattle.
On June 17, 1997, a measurement was passed which would fund the building of a new stadium. On January 9, 2000, the final event took place at the stadium. The Seahawks would lose to the Miami Dolphins in the AFC Wild Card game. On March 26, 2000, the Kingdome was demolished with an implosion. It wasn't until March 2015, 15 years after the implosion, that the debt for the stadium was finally retired.
Biographical evaluation
Palace of Aegae
The Palace of Aegae is an ancient Greek site in Macedonia.
The tomb of Philip II (father of Alexander the Great) is there. The city was the burial-place of the Macedonian kings. It was built on a commanding and picturesque site.
Fabrice Borer
Sir John Hall
Sir John Hall (born March 1933) is a British businessman. He is also life president and former chairman of Newcastle United.
Joseph Lelyveld
Lelyveld was married to Carolyn Fox from 1959 until her death in 2004. They had two daughters.
Lelyvald died from complications of Parkinson's disease at his home in Manhattan, on 5 January 2024. He was 86 at the time of his death.
Halo orbit
A halo orbit is a periodic, three-dimensional orbit near one of the L, L or L Lagrange points in the three-body problem of orbital mechanics.
Solar magnetic storms
Solar magnetic storms are also known as Geomagnetic storms. These are major disturbances to Earth's magnetosphere that happens when one of the Sun's solar winds passes into the space environment around Earth. These storms can be caused due to major changes in the currents and plasmas of Earth's magnetosphere. The largest storms which arise from these conditions are associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
2010 Colorado gubernatorial election
The 2010 Colorado gubernatorial election happened on Tuesday, November 2, 2010 to elect the Governor of Colorado. The Democratic mayor of Denver, John Hickenlooper, easily won the election, as the conservative vote was split between Republican businessman Dan Maes and the Constitution Party's Tom Trancredo, a former Congressman.
Hickenlooper won the primary unopposed.
Because of Tancredo's strong preformance, the Constitution Party became a "major party." In Colorado, a party can become "major" if their candidate gets 10% of the vote. If a party is "major", their name is placed near the top of the ballot. The Constitution Party did not have a candidate in the 2014 election. Because of that, it was no longer a major party.
JOM Charity Award
JOM Charity Awards is an
award that celebrate the achievements of individuals or companies. It is awarded to individuals who have helped solve global world problem.
Jom Charity also known as Josephine Oboh Macleod Charityis the parents body of the JOM Charity Awards founded in 2017 by Josephine Oboh Macleod.
The selection process for these individuals/organizations/companies involved nominations, thorough background checks based on their impact, and board justifications.
The selection process involves a combination of votes from the public and industry professionals, ensuring that only the best of the best are honored.
After the conclusion of the nomination phase, the selection process Will progress into a strategic questionnaire phase. This stage aims to engage a diverse demographic of millions of people aged 18 to 70, encompassing a wide spectrum of lifestyles.
Kalasha religion
Kalasha religion, Kalash religion or Kalash faith is a religion originating in the Chitral region of northwestern Pakistan. Most of the Kalash people of Chitral follow it. It is classified as a Polytheistic and Animistic religion that shares similarities with Vedic, pre-Zoroastrian and Hellenic cultures and even Islam. The followers of this religion are known as Kalash or Kalashas and their cultural and religious practices as "Kalasha Dastoor". Kalash ceremonies and traditions use altars that have many different names in the Kalasha language.
Kalash religion, mythology and rituals are similar to those of the Vedic Indo-Aryans and the pre-Zoroastrian cultures. Historians have compared Kalash mythology and folklore to that of ancient Greece. These historians also consider the Kalash pantheon as one of the last living representatives of the Indo-European religion. Kalasha culture and tradition of Suri Jagek has been recognised as an Intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO since 2018.
Initially Krumai was seen as a male god by Robertson, he later recognized Krumai as female after seeing her effigy in a dancing house in Presungul. Despite being worshipped widely, Robertson observed no sacrifices made to her.
Nirmali is another Kalash goddess, similar to Lucina from Ancient Rome. She looks after women and children, providing protection for women during childbirth. The women's retreats, known as 'pshars,' are particularly under her care. Nirmali is associated with the roots of the Sacred Tree, showing the earthy and female nature of these places, which the Kalash describe as pragata (Impure).
The Kalash people believe in fairies called "Vetrs" in addition to their gods and goddesses. These fairies are thought to be present everywhere and need to be pleased for good millet crops. During a ceremony, a fire is lit in the crop's center, and offerings like juniper-cedar, ghee, and bread are made while reciting a ritual. No animals are sacrificed in this process. Alongside the fairy ceremony, special bread cakes are offered to Yush, the devil. Similarly, when invoking Dizane to protect or improve wheat, Yush must be appeased simultaneously, but no dances are performed for him.
A powerful fairy named Charmo Vetr resides high up the Kutaringul stream. The Kam tribe regularly offer sacrifices to this fairy, receiving significant help in return against their enemies.
Onjesta and Pragata are dual spheres or domains in which the Kalasha society in divided in. Onjesta means "Pure," and Pragata means "Impure". In the Kalasha religion, they strongly believe in things being either pure or impure, so they have many rituals to purify what they think is impure. Kalasha women spend their time in bashali during menstruation because they are considered pragata (impure) in Kalasha dastoor (religion and tradition).
According to Peter Parkes, In the onjesta domain, there are mountains, juniper, holly-oak, markhor, goat, honey bees, altars, stables, and men. In the pragata domain, there are lower valleys, onions, garlic, cattle, sheep, hens, eggs, Bashali (Menstrual house), graveyard, and women according to Kalasha dastoor (religion and tradition).
Mountains are sacred because gods and fairies live there. Saras (juniper) which is pure, is vital in the onjesta category as it grows in high pastures, providing fuel and branches for purifying rituals. Bonj (holly-oak) is another sacred tree used in rituals. Both trees are considered pure (onjesta). In the Kalasha society, Markhor is seen as more pure, goats are considered strong and intelligent like men and women, and sheeps are seen as weaker and senseless.
Bashali or Menstrual house is a special place commonly found in every Kalash village. At puberty, every Kalasha girl goes to this place for her first menstrual period. During a ritual called "tusulek", women in the bashali wash their hands, offer bread to Goddess Dezalik, pray for the girl's health, and share food from her home. A similar custom is observed when a woman gives birth. The stay in bashali lasts five days for menstruation and twenty days after childbirth, during which females are considered impure or pragata. Male relatives don't touch the mother or anything in the bashali during this time. A ritual called "Achanbi" is performed on the sixth day after childbirth.
If a girl or woman dies in a bashali, she is buried in a specific corner of the graveyard, with only females participating in the burial ceremony. Children who die shortly after birth are buried in the bashali compound. Males entering the bashali face penalties, as it is strictly prohibited for them. The bashali is purified twice a year, and the process involves naked girls running around with branches of holly oak, purifying the place with the smoke.
The Bashali is made of timber and stones similar to traditional Kalasha houses, with one or two rooms and verandas. The design includes a fireplace, a platform for the goddess Dezalik, and no windows. Over time, some bashalis have undergone changes with improved conditions, including more rooms, bathrooms, and toilets. In some cases, bashalis have evolved into mother and child health care centers with better facilities.
1990 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1990 Connecticut gubernatorial election happened on November 6, 1990. It was a three-way race between Democrat candidate Bruce Morrison, Republican candidate John G. Rowland, and third party candidate Lowell Weicker. Lowell Weicker ran as the candidate from A Connecticut Party and narrowly won.
List of Newcastle United owners
Newcastle United Football Club is an English football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, North East England. Since 2021, there have been 18 chairmans and 6 owners, the most recent being Yasir Al-Rumayyan who took over as chairman and Public Investment Fund, PCP Capital Partners and RB Sports & Media who took over as owners on 7th November 2021.
Jom Charity
Josephine Oboh-Macleod Charity also known as JOM Charity is an organization founded by Josephine Oboh-Macleod to promote art and culture worldwide.
According to Vanguard Newspaper, JOM Charity is collaborating with Kakofoni and Johfrim Arts and Design Studio to launch the Afro-Celtic exhibition for promoting art and culture in Africa and Scotland.
Food Lion is an American regional supermarket chain. It is headquartered in Salisbury, North Carolina. It has over 1,100 supermarkets in 10 states of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States. It was founded in 1957 as Food Town, a single grocery store in Salisbury.
Pontiac G8
Pontiac G8 was a full-size sedan which was produced by Holden in Australia for export to the United States and Canada, where it was sold by Pontiac. Production ended in mid-2009, following the GM decision to discontinue the Pontiac brand.
Bessam
Cheikh El Khalil Moulaye Ahmed, known as Moulaye Khalil Bessam or Bessam, is a Mauritanean professional footballer who plays as forward.
Ayanokouji kiyotaka
Ayanokoji Kiyotaka is a fictional character inside the anime "Classroom of the Elite." Ayanokouji Kiyotaka is a manipulator who only sees humans as tools, and the fans adore him for that.
Philautus maosonensis
The Mao-Son bubble-nest frog or Maoson shrub frog ("Philautus maosonensis") is a frog. It lives in northern Vietnam and probably China's Guangxi Province, which borders it. People have seen it between 400 and 1500 meters above sea level.
Svalbard and Jan Mayen are Territories of Norway. Svalbard is 62,045 km and Jan Mayen is 373 km.
<mapframe latitude="73.478485" longitude="7.910156" zoom="2" width="200" height="215" />
Scafati
Scafati is a town in the province of Salerno, in the part of Campania that is Italian. Approximately 48,000 people live in Scafati as of the 6th of January 2023. Scafati was also a part of Germany until 1943 during World War II. The city is about west of Salerno. The area is industrialized, many people from Scafati work in industries nearby. It is part of the Greater Naples area, and right next to Pompeii and Castellammare di Stabia.
Saint-Domingue was the name of a French colony on the island of Hispaniola. The colony existed from 1659 to 1804. In the Peace of Ryswick, the Spanish gave about a third of the island to the French. In 1804, the colony became independent, and took the name Haiti. The other part of the island was called Santo Domingo, and is the Dominican Republic today.
6 January 2024 attack on the USS Laboon
Sudraka
Sudraka was an Indian king and playwright. Three Sanskrit plays are ascribed to him - "Mricchakatika" ("The Little Clay Cart"), "Vinavasavadatta", and a "bhana" (short one-act monologue), "Padmaprabhritaka". Sudraka has been identified as the pen name of an Abhira king from the third century CE, either Indranigupta, or Shivadatta, father of Ishvarasena.
Johnny Rockets
Johnny Rockets is an American restaurant franchise. It is best known or its 1950s diner-style decor. It was founded on June 6, 1986.
Waffle House
Waffle House is an American restaurant chain. It has over 1,900 locations in 25 states in the United States. It is headquartered in Norcross, Georgia, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.
Carpet bombing
Carpet bombing, or saturation bombing describes the bombardment of a given area with bombs destroying as much as possible in the given area. Like a carpet that covers the floor, bombs should cover the area. Carpet bombing is usually done by dropping a large number of unguided bombs.
Carpet bombing of cities, towns, villages, or other areas containing a concentration of protected civilians has been a war crime since 1977. It is explained in Article 51 of Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions.
The term "obliteration bombing" is sometimes used to describe especially intensified bombing with the intention of destroying a city or a large part of the city. The term "area bombing" refers to indiscriminate bombing of an area and also encompasses cases of carpet bombing, including obliteration bombing. It was used in that sense especially during World War II and the Korean War.
The use of atomic weapons is automatically a case of carpet bombing in its effect, but there are no modern examples of their use. Their use against Japan in WWII was the last and only example of a real attack using an atomic weapon.
Jersey Mike's Subs
Jersey Mike's Subs is an American submarine sandwich chain headquartered in Manasquan, New Jersey. It has 2,000 locations. It was founded in 1956.
Albertsons is an American grocery company. It is based in Boise, Idaho. It has 2,253 stores. It was founded in the year 1939. The grocery company was 53rd in the Fortune 500 list of 2018. The supermarket is the 2nd largest supermarket group after Kroger. The group was bought by Safeway in 2015 for 9.2 billion dollars and had 1,075 supermarkets in 29 different US states.
Safeway (disambiguation)
Safeway may refer to:
Tahrir al-Sham
Fernando Capalla
Capalla died on January 6, 2024 at the age of 89.
Nicholas Rescher
Rescher was born in Hagen, Westphalia, Prussia, Germany.
Rescher was president for the American Catholic Philosophical Association, Leibniz Society of North America, American Metaphysical Society, American Philosophical Association, and Charles S. Peirce Society.
He was the founder of "American Philosophical Quarterly", "History of Philosophy Quarterly", and "Public Affairs Quarterly".
Rescher died on 5 January 2024 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at the age of 95.
25 or 6 to 4
"25 or 6 to 4" is a song written by American musician Robert Lamm, one of the founding members of the band Chicago. It was recorded in 1969 for their second album, "Chicago". Peter Cetera was on the lead vocals.
The original recording features an electric guitar solo using a wah-wah pedal by Chicago guitarist Terry Kath, and a lead vocal line in the Aeolian mode.
The album was released in January 1970 and the song was edited and released as a single in June (omitting the second verse and most of the guitar solo), climbing to number 4 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart and number 7 on the UK Singles Chart.
The song was banned in Singapore in 1970 because of it possibly being about drugs. The ban extended to later albums that included the song, such as "Chicago 18". In 1993, the ban on this song was lifted, along with long-time bans on songs by other artists such as the Beatles, Bob Dylan and Creedence Clearwater Revival.
The song has been used in popular media as well. It appears as an on-disc track in the video game "Rock Band 3"; the animated TV series "King of the Hill", the 2017 movie "I, Tonya", and the 2023 DCEU superhero movie "The Flash".
Arleigh Burke-class destroyer