Since the country's liberation, there had been many disputes concerning nationalization, the relation of Czechs and Slovaks and other crucial issues. After the Communist take-over in February 1948, the Communist concept was largely applied. The constitution did not organize government administration under the Leninist principle of democratic centralism (a provision only incorporated in the following "socialist" 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia); indeed, it made no references to Communism or the KSČ. However, it did declare that Czechoslovakia had embarked on a "national and democratic revolution" that it intended to defend against "domestic and foreign reaction." It billed the 1948 coup d'etat as a defense of "the People's Democratic Order."