After being formed in June 1942, under the command of Squadron Leader A. Crighton, No. 15 Squadron was sent to Tonga later that year where it began operating the P-40 Kittyhawk. It deployed to Kukum Field on Guadalcanal in April 1943, under the command of Squadron Leader Michael Herrick. In October 1943, the squadron formed part of a New Zealand fighter wing along with No. 18 Squadron RNZAF; in November 1943 the wing flew over 1,000 sorties in support of operations on Bougainville Island, beginning with the Landings at Cape Torokina. After periods operating from New Georgia, Espiritu Santo and Bougainville Island, the squadron was deployed to Green Island from February to April 1945. By this stage it was operating F4U Corsair aircraft. It was disbanded in October 1945.