All the hopes for self-determination that Wilson raised would soon be dashed when the Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919. Versailles did not destroy the colonial system, and much of the colonial world was left in disillusionment. Manela suggests this led to violent protest movements in various marginalised nations, including the 1919 Revolution in Egypt, the May Fourth protest in China, Gandhi’s passive resistance movement in India, and the March First movement in Korea.