The concept, which identified Poles collectively with the messianic suffering of the Crucifixion, saw Poland as destined – just like Christ – to return to glory. The idea had roots going back to the days of the Ottoman expansion and the wars against the Muslim Turks. It was reawakened and promoted during Adam Mickiewicz's exile in Paris in the mid-19th century. Mickiewicz (1798-1855) evoked the doctrine of Poland as the "Christ of nations" in his poetic drama "Dziady" ("Forefathers' Eve"), considered by George Sand one of the great works of European Romanticism, through a vision of priest called Piotr (Part III, published in 1832). "Dziady" was written in the aftermath of the 1830 uprising against the Russian rule – an event that greatly impacted the author.