It has been widely argued that although the Hui community largely adhered to their religious identity, they gravitated and later adopted the mainstream Han Chinese cultural traditions as encouraged by the Ming and later Qing governments. However, certain restrictions on the practice of Islam occurred after Dungan Revolt (1862 - 1877) which started due to ethnic and religious tensions between the Muslims and the Han Chinese, The revolt led to riots and mass killing from both sides. After the Dungan Revolt the Qing government limited Muslim freedom of worship. The ritual slaughtering of animals was forbidden. The construction new mosques and the pilgrimage to Mecca were prohibited, though these restrictions were lifted after the overthrowing of the Qing Dynasty. Today, the Great Mosque of Xi'an and its surrounding area have been developed as the center of the Hui population of Xi'an.