A military coup, known as the 1937 coup () or the "Estado Nôvo" coup (), was initiated on 10 November 1937 in Brazil by President Getúlio Vargas with the support of the Brazilian Armed Forces. Vargas had risen to power in a revolution which had ended a decades-old oligarchy, already with the backing of the military. For four years he ruled as provisional president until elections were held for a National Constituent Assembly. Under a new 1934 constitution, Vargas became the constitutional president of Brazil. Following a 1935 communist uprising, speculation was already rising about a potential self-coup, however. Candidates for the 1938 Brazilian presidential elections were appearing as early as late 1936. Vargas could not seek reelection, but he and his allies were not willing to abandon power. Political repression, which was magnified after the communist revolt, was now being loosened. However, a strong sentiment for a dictatorial government amongst the military, as well as further federal intervention in state governments, paved the way for a coup to take place.