From 2009 until 2019, Van Brempt served on the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. In this capacity, she was a member of the European Parliament's delegation of observers to the 2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Lima and the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris. In 2016, Van Brempt was made chair of the Volkswagen emissions scandal inquiry into whether the EU should have acted more quickly to address the issue; she was elected in an unopposed race. She has been a member of the Committee on International Trade (since 2019) and the Parliament's delegation to the Conference on the Future of Europe (since 2021).