On January 14, 2018, Burke signed with the New York Knicks after averaging 26.6 points (2nd in the G League), while averaging 5.4 assists, 3.3 rebounds and 1.9 steals with Westchester. The transaction reunited Burke with Michigan teammate Hardaway. The Knicks had waived Ramon Sessions the day before to make way for Burke to join the Knick point guard rotation along with Jarrett Jack and Frank Ntilikina. He debuted on Martin Luther King Day the next day, with 5 points and 2 assists in 8 minutes of play to provide a key spark in a 119–104 victory over a crosstown Brooklyn Nets lineup that included former Michigan teammates Levert and Stauskas. On January 25, Burke contributed an 18-point/11-assist double-double off the bench against the Denver Nuggets. On February 2, 2018, Burke was one of 24 players selected to the Midseason All-NBA G League Team. In the first game after the 2018 NBA All-Star Game on February 22, Burke posted 26 points and 6 assists against the Orlando Magic to help the Knicks end an 8-game losing streak. On February 24, 2018, in a 121–112 home loss against the Boston Celtics, Burke posted 26 points for the second time in a row, along with 8 assists, becoming the first Knick to post 26 points or more and 6 or more assists in back to back games since Nate Robinson did so on March 10, 11, and 13, 2009. In a 137–128 overtime loss at the Charlotte Hornets on March 26, 2018, Burke posted a career-high 42 points along with 12 assists. He also became the first Knick to have a 40+ point and 10+ assist game since Stephon Marbury on March 29, 2005. On March 31, Burke tied his career high with 15 assists against the Detroit Pistons. Burke finished the season with averages of 12.6 points, 4.6 assists and 1.9 rebounds in 35 NBA games and he was recognized as a 2017–18 All-NBA G League Third Team honoree.