Heydrich created the "Zentralstelle IIP Polen" unit of the Gestapo in order to coordinate the ethnic cleansing of Poles in "Operation Tannenberg" and the "Intelligenzaktion", two codenames for extermination actions directed at the Polish people during the German occupation of Poland. Among the 100,000 people murdered in the "Intelligenzaktion" operations in 1939–1940, approximately 61,000 were members of the Polish intelligentsia: scholars, clergy, former officers, and others, whom the Germans identified as political targets in the "Special Prosecution Book-Poland", compiled before the war began in September 1939.