Ghaleb was a member of the Egyptian Shooting Club and competed in the Olympic Trap event. He earned his first international medals at the 1947 ISSF World Shooting Championships held in Stockholm, Sweden. Individually he won bronze, behind Hans Liljedahl and Klas Kleberg of Sweden, while in the team event he took silver alongside Farid Makarius, Mahmoud Labib, and Sharif Shahine. He won silver again in the team event at the 1952 World Championships in Oslo, Norway, with Shahine, Youssef Fares, and Michel Marabouti. He then participated in the individual trap event at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, where he placed 12th. He made his final podium appearance at the World Championships in 1954, which was held in Caracas, Venezuela, by capturing bronze in the team event with Mohamed Ezzedine Badrawi, Rafie Senoussi, and Aly Riad. He also won a silver medal in the individual trap event at the 1955 Mediterranean Games, held in Barcelona, Spain, behind Italian Galliano Rossini, and was that year's European Champion in Bucharest, Romania. He was also a member of the bronze medal-winning Egyptian trap teams at the 1954 and 1956 editions of the tournament. Domestically, he won individual titles in trap in 1947 and 1951 and skeet in 1949.