Although he was a supporter of socialist ideals, in 1920 he volunteered in the Polish Army during the Polish–Soviet War. In 1920–1923 he studied at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, in the field of Polish studies. Przyboś worked as a teacher in Sokal (1923–1925), Chrzanów (1925–1927), and Cieszyn (1927–1939). In Cieszyn, he published his works in "Zaranie Śląskie" ('The Dawn of Silesia') (1929–1938). He also published in many other magazines before and after World War II.