Other nationalist rightist groups in the 1920s were the "Jinmu Kai" (Emperor Jimmu Society), "Tenketo Kai" (Heaven Spade Party), "Ketsumeidan" (Blood Fraternity) and "Sakura Kai" (Cherry Blossom Society) . This last was founded by Dr. Shūmei Ōkawa, professor of the Colonization Academy, and radical defender of expansionism and military armed revolution at home. Amongst members were Army officers implicated in the Manchuria Affair, such as Kingoro Hashimoto, and Ishikawa Kanishi. Okawa served as a conduit by which Kita Ikki's ideas reached young nationalist officers on the right.