Throughout the Cold War the exercises focused on the anti-submarine warfare threat and utilised a NATO vs. Warsaw Pact scenario. "Mustardia" (red forces) represented a communist dictatorship and "Cyanica" (blue forces) a stable democracy. Since the late 1980s exercises have changed to reflect modern threats and theatres of war such as the Balkans, the Gulf and Afghanistan. Prior to the current core scenario, exercises were based on a civil war which broke out in "Britannica" in 1972, with the country then splitting into five smaller nations ("Brownia", "Mustardia", "Cyanica", "Ginger" and "Emeraldia"). In order to represent the threat posed by al-Qaeda, the fictional terrorist group an-Quaich was introduced to exercises in 2003.