On June 21, 1918, Fyodor was approved as the chairman of the Ural Regional Cheka and served as a member of the Ural Regional Soviet led by Alexander Beloborodov. His subordinates in the Cheka included Yakov Yurovsky, Grigory Nikulin, and Mikhail Medvedev-Kudrin. In an autobiography written by Lukoyanov in 1942, he discusses his role in the organization of the execution of the royal family by the Ural Soviet. On the eve of the assassinations, he suddenly and unexpectedly left for Perm, reportedly to transfer the Cheka archives. After the seizure of Yekaterinburg by the Czechoslovaks on July 25, 1918, the Ural Regional Cheka was evacuated to Perm. At the same time, he was a member of the editorial board of Izvestia of the Perm Provincial Committee. Some party comrades criticized Lukoyanov for ordering the executions of workers from the Motovilikha Plants.