Robert Niven (December 18, 1833 - December 21, 1921) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Niven received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Niven's medal was won for capturing two Confederate flags at the Battle of Waynesboro, Virginia, on March 2, 1865. He was honored with the award on March 26, 1865.