However, the introduction of "Raffles MS no.18" describes that the manuscript originates from another manuscript known as "Hikayat Melayu", which may trace its origin to the time of Melaka Sultanate (1400–1511). The manuscript was brought together when the last ruler, Mahmud Shah, fled the Portuguese invasion in 1511 to Kampar. In 1536, during the Portuguese attack on Johor Lama, where the exiled sultan established his base, the manuscript was seized by the Portuguese soldiers and brought to Goa, Portuguese India. Decades later, in the early 17th century, the manuscript was returned to Johor from Goa by a nobleman identified as "Orang Kaya Sogoh". However, historian Abdul Samad Ahmad provides an alternative view, suggesting that the manuscript was returned from Gowa, Sulawesi instead of Goa, India. His argument is based on the fact that during Melaka's era as an important regional entreport, it had established a strong trading and diplomatic ties with regional kingdoms, including Gowa, and some copies of "Hikayat Melayu" could have been spread to Sulawesi long before the arrival of Portuguese. Another view, from William Linehan, tried to argue that Goa ought to read "guha" or "gua", and that the reference was to Gua, a place located north of Kuala Lipis in Pahang, where a copy of the Annals had been preserved and later brought to Johor and edited there in 1612.