In the 1960s and early 1970s, Portugal was engaged in jungle warfare operations in Africa, against the independentist guerrillas of Angola, Portuguese Guinea and Mozambique. These operations were part of what is collectively known as the "Portuguese Colonial War". In fact, there were three different wars: the Angolan Independence War, the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence and the Mozambican War of Independence. The situation was unique in that small armed forces – those of Portugal – were able to conduct three large scale counterinsurgency wars at the same time, each in a different theatre of operations, each one separated by thousands of kilometers from the others. For these operations, Portugal developed its own counterinsurgency and jungle warfare doctrines.