The square was previously named "Babelsberger Platz" (1907-1910) and "Bülowplatz" (1910-1933), and was the focus of one of the last mass demonstrations in Berlin against the Nazi Party on January 25, 1933—five days before Adolf Hitler was appointed German Chancellor. Later that year, with the rise of the Third Reich, it was renamed "Horst-Wessel-Platz" (1933-1945) after National Socialist martyr Horst Wessel. Following the fall of Berlin and Soviet occupation, the square, then part of communist-controlled East Berlin, was renamed "Liebknechtplatz" (1945-1947) after German communist Karl Liebknecht. It was then renamed "Luxemburgplatz" (1947-1969) after communist leader Rosa Luxemburg, until it was given the name "Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz" by the East German regime in 1969.