Yelena Volkova (Елена Юрьевна Волкова), born 27 May 1968, is a former swimmer from the Soviet Union who won the gold medal in the 200 meters breaststroke at the 1991 World Aquatics Championships in Perth, Australia. She represented the Soviet Union at the 1988 Olympics where she finished 5th in the 100 meters breaststroke, and the Unified Team at the 1992 Olympics.