If there are any objections to the returns from any state (see Substantive counting rules below), they must be resolved before the process can continue to the next state: "No votes or papers from any other State shall be acted upon until the objections previously made to the votes or papers from any State shall have been finally disposed of." For an objection to be considered and voted on, it must be in writing and made by at least one representative and one senator. This has only happened four times. The first time was in 1969, with an objection to a faithless voter in North Carolina. The second was on January 6, 2005, with a formal challenge to Ohio's electoral votes. Two objections were made at the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count. On January 6, 2021, an objection was made to Arizona's electoral votes by Representative Paul Gosar and Senator Ted Cruz, and on January 7, an objection was made to Pennsylvania's electoral votes by Representative Scott Perry and Senator Joshua Hawley.