Heȟáka Sápa, commonly known as Black Elk (December 1, 1863 – August 19, 1950), was a "wičháša wakȟáŋ" ("medicine man, holy man"), "heyoka" of the Oglala Lakota people and educator about his culture. He was a second cousin of the war leader Crazy Horse and fought with him in the Battle of Little Bighorn. He survived the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890. He toured and performed in Europe as part of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show.