In the territory of the so-called Nisko 'reservation', the city of Lublin became the hub of early Nazi transfer of about 95,000 German, Austrian, and Polish Jews expelled from the West and the General Government area. The prisoners were put to work by the "Schutzstaffel" (SS) in the construction of anti-tank ditches ("Burggraben") along the transitory Nazi-Soviet border. The "Burggraben" project was abandoned with the onset of Operation Barbarossa. On 13 October 1941, Heinrich Himmler gave the SS-and-Police Leader of Lublin, "SS Brigadeführer" Odilo Globočnik an order to start Germanizing the area around Zamość, which entailed the removal of Jews from the areas of future settlement.