Robert Knox (4 September 1791 – 20 December 1862) was a Scottish anatomist and ethnologist. He was a lecturer on anatomy in Edinburgh, where he introduced the theory of transcendental anatomy. He is now mainly remembered for his involvement in the Burke and Hare murders. An incautious approach to obtaining cadavers for dissection before the passage of the Anatomy Act 1832 and disagreements with professional colleagues ruined his career. A move to London did not improve matters.