As the South African War had ended just twelve years previously, and with the memories of the horrific suffering experienced by some Afrikaners in British concentration camps still fresh, there was a significant amount of opposition against the declaration of war in support of Britain. Known as the Martiz Rebellion, or the Boer Revolt, around 12,000 Afrikaners undertook an armed insurrection against the South African Government in October 1914 after refusing to invade German South-West Africa.