In March 1938 the country was invaded and became part of Nazi Germany, which had been a one-party dictatorship since 1933. Walter Kämpf and his friends reacted by creating the Young Communist group. The term "Soldatenrat" is also sometimes translated into English-language sources as Soldiers' Council: it references the &lt;a href="Workers%27%20council"&gt;workers' and soldiers' soviets/councils&lt;/a&gt; which emerged across much of central Europe, including Austria and Germany, in the chaotic immediate aftermath of the First World War. Other group members included Elfriede Hartmann, and . Activities principally involved producing illegal news sheets and leaflets. As a result of Kämpf's training in chemistry the group were also able to produce so-called "Brandplättchen" ("loosely, "fire plates""), which might be used for future sabotage actions.