Małogoszcz prospered in the 16th and early 17th centuries. In 1591-1595 a Baroque church was built, and the town emerged as a center of cloth making. Before catastrophic Swedish invasion (the Deluge, 1655 - 1660), the town had 180 houses and the population of 1,200. By 1660, the population was reduced to 700. Until 1795 (see Partition of Poland), Małogoszcz remained part of Lesser Poland's Sandomierz Voivodeship. In June 1794, during the Kosciuszko Uprising, Tadeusz Kosciuszko rested here after the Battle of Szczekociny.