Oman competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, when the event was held from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the nation's ninth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics. Four Omani athletes, two men and two women, were selected to compete in athletics and shooting at the Games. Among them were sprinter Barakat Al-Harthi, the lone returning Olympian from the previous Games. On their debuts, Mazoon Al-Alawi competed in running while Wadha Al-Balushi was the first woman to represent Oman in shooting. Rifle shooter Hamed Said Al-Khatri was the nation's flag bearer in the opening ceremony. None of the runners progressed past the heats and the shooters did not advance beyond the qualification rounds. Overall, both Al-Harthi and Al-Balushi had the highest placing for Oman with their 26th place finishes in the men's 100 metres and women's 10 m air pistol events.