From 1930 to 1936 he lived once again in Maceió. In 1934 he published the novel "São Bernardo", and in the following year, he was arrested due to alleged (but never confirmed) participation in the Communist uprising of 1935. (Graciliano wrote an account of his time in prison named "Memórias do Cárcere", published a few months after his death in 1953.) After being freed from prison, he publishes with the help of associates such as José Lins do Rego his most famous novel, "Angústia".