Peter Karlsson (born 23 November 1970 in Gothenburg) is a retired Swedish athlete who competed in the sprinting events. He is best known for winning the bronze medal in the 60 metres at the 1996 European Indoor Championships in his native Sweden. In addition, he competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, as well as 1995 and 1997 World Championships. He is the Swedish record holder in the 100 meter dash with 10.18, as well as co-holder of the indoor 60 meter record of 6.58, together with Patrik Lövgren.