As a player of the senior Soviet national team, Belostenny won three gold medals at the FIBA EuroBasket (EuroBasket 1979, EuroBasket 1981, and EuroBasket 1985), one gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympic Games, and one bronze medal at the 1980 Summer Olympic Games. In addition, he is one of the top medalists in FIBA World Cup history, having won four medals, one gold (1982) and three silvers (1978, 1986, and 1990).