Milovan Djilas popularized the term "national communism" in his "New Class" (1957): “No single form of communism [...] exists in any other way than as national communism. In order to maintain itself it must become national". A few years earlier, ex communist Manabendra Roy noted: “Communism in Asia is essentially nationalism painted Red". The Dutch left communist Anton Pannekoek and Russian monarchists Nicholas Ustrialov and Vasilii Shulgin pointed out in 1920 that Russians first "nationalized" communism. They thus drew attention to how far the Bolsheviks differed from all other European social democratic parties in terms of structure and ideology and to the fact Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik Party (formed from the left-wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party) can be considered the first national communist party. In March 1918, Lenin renamed his party the Russian Communist Party. National communism also refers to non-Russian communist currents that arose in the former tsarist empire after Lenin seized power in October 1917 and to the various communist regimes that emerged after 1945 in other parts of the world.