The monarchist reaction after the fall of the empire "was not small, and even less so its repression." The "new regime suppressed with swift brutality and total disdain for civil liberties all attempts to launch a monarchist party or to publish monarchist newspapers." Soon after several popular riots in protest against the coup occurred as well as battles between monarchist Army troops and republican militias. Those were followed by a civil war in which monarchist military and politicians tried to restore the empire in the Federalist Revolution and the Second Navy Rebellion. The last monarchist rebellion occurred in 1904, in what was called the Vaccine Revolt. They went into exile in Paris, France.