In August 1914, Olderogge took part in a campaign in East Prussia and the Battle of Gumbinnen. From October 27, 1914, he commanded the Old Russian 113th Infantry Regiment. He took part in the battles of the 20th Army Corps during the August operation in which the corps was surrounded. Olderogge made his way out of the encirclement at the forefront of the corps (113th and 114th infantry regiments). From March 12, 1916, he commanded the brigade of the 1st Turkestan Rifle Division, and from July 7, 1917, the 1st Turkestan Rifle Division.