As the military lines in the west collapsed, and just over a week before war ended, on 3 November 1918 addressed a (n illegal) anti-war protest rally in Braunschweig attended by around (or at least: sources differ) 1,000 people. Participants had expected to be addressed by Karl Liebknecht, but Liebknecht had cancelled his visit at short notice, travelling instead that day to Kiel.