Before the war, Shigetaka Sasaki's Tai Iku Dojo / Kidokan was the "de facto" governing body of judo in Canada since nearly every dojo in the country was one of its branches. Circumstances were different after the war, and in 1946 Atsumu Kamino established the Canada Judo Yudanshakai (black belt association) in Toronto to help organize the administration of judo, including grading. Three years later, however, Bernard Gauthier of Hull, Quebec created the Canadian Judo Federation and had it chartered as Canada's official judo organization, which was recognized by the International Judo Federation (IJF) in 1952. Gauthier was not associated with the Japanese Canadians who had established judo in Canada or the Kodokan, and had instead learned judo through a Mr. Shimizu from the Japanese Embassy in Ottawa, Mikinosuke Kawaishi's books, and lessons from Marc Scala, one of Kawaishi's students who had moved from Paris to Montreal in 1950. There was some cooperation between the two organizations, but the Yudanshakai decided to reorganize in 1956 when Gauthier alone represented Canada at the first World Judo Championships in Tokyo.