Due to their hard work, the exiled Koreans obtained high ranks in the local industry, government, and educational institutions. Dozens of Koreans In Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan were designated Heroes of Socialist Labor, including Kim Pen-Hwa, chairman of a collective farm; Hwan Man-Kim, member of the Uzbek Communist Party; and Lyubov Li, who harvested corn. After the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, many Koreans were drafted into the Red Army and sent to the front. One of them, Captain Aleksandr Pavlovich Min, was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, the country's highest honor. Koreans were elected to the Parliaments of the Soviet Union and Central Asian Republics and by the 1970s the number of Koreans with a college degree was double that of the general population.