However, rebel victories were not to last. On 23 November, A military expedition under Captain Quinque encompassing 100 guns was dispatched from Vangaindrano towards Begogo and Ranotsara. On 2 December, Quinque's forces defeated the rebels at Ambiliony and subsequently captured the villages of Ranotsara and Begogo. From Ranotsara, Quinque's forces advanced on Ihosy, where they massacred 18 civilians. The French attempted to follow up these victories by defeating Kotavy's forces at Iobomary, but were unsuccessful, with Kotavy repelling every assault and still controlling the village by March 1905. However, with resources dwindling, Kotavy was forced to retreat to a better defensive position, and on 15 March his forces retreated to Papanga, to the northwest of Ranotsara. Eventually Kotavy had to also abandon Papanga and had to hide in the forest of Farahigelahy, northwest of Amparihy. After the information regarding his whereabouts was given to the French by one of his captured supporters on 19 August, Kotavy was finally arrested on 30 August in Sandravinany. After the fall of Kotavy, other rebel leaders quickly surrendered, ending the revolt. Kotavy was executed on 5 September. Despite another uprising in 1947, Madagascar would remain under French rule until 1960.