The first instance of unseating members from the Legislative Council for political reason occurred in November 2016, triggered by the oath-taking controversy of several pro-democracy and localist members. On 7 November 2016, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) controversially interpreted Article 104 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong to "clarify" the requirements that the legislators need to swear allegiance to Hong Kong as part of China when they take office, stating that a person "who intentionally reads out words which do not accord with the wording of the oath prescribed by law, or takes the oath in a manner which is not sincere or not solemn" should be barred from taking their public office and cannot retake the oath. As a result, two localist members Yau Wai-ching and Baggio Leung of Youngspiration were unseated by the court. On 14 July 2017, four more pro-democracy legislators – Leung Kwok-hung, Nathan Law, Yiu Chung-yim and Lau Siu-lai were unseated by the court.