The Great Valley played an important role during the American Civil War, especially the Shenandoah Valley, its Blue Ridge gaps and nearby Piedmont area, and its northward extension to the vicinity of Gettysburg. Civil War-era sites and events in this region include Harpers Ferry, West Virginia; Antietam, Maryland; Manassas, Virginia; Chambersburg, Pennsylvania; the Valley Campaign of northern Virginia; the Valley Campaigns of 1864, also in Virginia; the Battles of Chattanooga, Tennessee; and the Gettysburg Campaign leading into Pennsylvania.