The formation of JASCOs parallels the formation of US Army Pathfinder teams. Because of a lack of foresight a deficiency was recognized and special units formed to correct the deficiency. The Pathfinder teams were formed to solve a problem discovered with the Battle of Sicily. Lacking guidance and control the paratroops were dropped all over the island. They managed to achieve their objectives due to the initiative and leadership of the officers and NCOs and the scattered airdrops made the occupying Germans feel overwhelmed. The German "Fallschirmjäger" had the same experience during the Battle of Crete; however, Adolf Hitler drew the wrong conclusion and never again committed his paratroops to an airborne operation, despite the great success they had at the Battle of Fort Eben-Emael during the attack on the Maginot Line. By contrast the US Army sought to rectify the problem by creating a special unit, which would jump in ahead of a parachute assault and mark the drop zones, providing terminal air guidance to the drop aircraft. These were Pathfinder units; JASCOs were a similar response to command and control deficiencies noted in the after action reports for The Battle of Guadacanal and the Battle of Tarawa.