After the rejection of his constitutional reform in the December 2016 referendum, Renzi formally resigned as Prime Minister on 12 December; his Foreign Minister, Paolo Gentiloni, was appointed his replacement. He resigned as Secretary of the Democratic Party following defeat in the 2018 general election. In September 2019, he left PD, founding Italia Viva, his own liberal movement. In 2021, Renzi revoked IV's support to the government of Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte, which brought down the government and resulted in the 2021 Italian government crisis.