In 1688, the Catholic King of England, James II, was overthrown and William of Orange, a Dutch prince and old enemy of Louis, was installed as the next king. James fled to France, which he used as his base for an invasion of Ireland in 1690. As a result of James' ouster and, more directly, a French invasion of a German palatinate, the Nine Years' War broke out in 1689 and pitted France against the League of Augsburg and other European states.