In 1740, the Dutch governor-general of Java, Adriaan Valckenier, ordered the deportation or killing of all Chinese (around 10,000 people) in Batavia. This order resulted in the 1740 Batavia massacre, during which thousands of Chinese were killed. However, a group of Chinese under the leadership of Khe Pandjang fled to Java, where they formed a rebel army to fight against Dutch authorities on the island.