In March 1938 Austria was invaded and integrated into Hitler's Germany. Germany and Austria had been in many ways closely aligned for several years, and for many Austrians there were few immediate changes. The "invaders" had arrived with a list however, and Viktor Matejka's name was on it. He was arrested on 12 March 1938 and, on 1 April 1938, delivered to the Dachau concentration camp which had opened just outside Munich a few years earlier to hold political prisoners. It turned out that he had been included in the very first batch of Austrian political prisoners to be arrested and transported to Dachau following the annexation ("Anschluss"): he would spend the next six years as a concentration camp inmate. Also included in that was Richard Schmitz, the man who two years earlier, as Mayor of Vienna, had put an end to Viktor Matejka's career as a top-level education administrator in the city.