At the end of the 17th century, present-day Mongolia became part of the area ruled by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. During the Xinhai Revolution, Mongolia declared independence from China but had to struggle until 1921 to firmly establish "de facto" independence and until 1945 to gain international recognition. As a consequence, Mongolia came under strong Soviet influence. In 1924, the Mongolian People's Republic was declared, and Mongolian politics began to follow the same patterns as Soviet politics of the time. Following the Revolutions of 1989, the Mongolian Revolution of 1990 led to a multi-party system, a new constitution in 1992, and a transition to a market economy.