Modern primers are basically improved percussion caps with shock-sensitive chemicals (e.g. lead styphnate) enclosed in a small button-shaped capsule. In the early paper cartridges, invented not long after the percussion cap, the primer was located deep inside the cartridge just behind the bullet, requiring a very thin and elongated firing pin to pierce the paper casing. Such guns were known as needle guns, the most famous of which was decisive in the Prussian victory over the Austrians at Königgrätz in 1866. After the metallic cartridge was invented, the primer was relocated backwards to base of the case, either at the center of the case head, inside the rim, inside a cup-like concavity of the case base, in a pin-shaped sideways projection, in a lip-like flange, or in a small nipple-like bulge at the case base. Today, only the centerfire and rimfire have survived the test of time as the mainstream primer designs, while the pinfire still exists but only in rare novelty miniature guns and a few very small blank cartridges designed as noisemakers.