The "Manifesto of the Ninety-Three" is the name commonly given to a 4 October 1914 proclamation, originally titled in English "To the Civilized World" by "Professors of Germany" that was endorsed by 93 prominent German scientists, scholars and artists, declaring their unequivocal support of German military actions in the early period of World War I. These actions were elsewhere called the Rape of Belgium. The Manifesto galvanized support for the war throughout German schools and universities, but many foreign intellectuals were outraged.