Callixte Mbarushimana was indicted on 28 September 2010 on five counts of crimes against humanity and six counts of war crimes with regard to the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). He is alleged to have been the Executive Secretary of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), a Hutu Power rebel group fighting in the Kivu conflict, since July 2007 and the "de facto" President since November 2009. Since January 2009 Mbarushimana is accused of commanding FDLR troops that have attacked civilians in 11 different villages in the North and South Kivu Provinces in the eastern DRC. These attacks are alleged of resulting in the destruction of property and the murder, torture, rape, inhumane treatment, and persecution of civilians. Mbarushimana was arrested in France on 11 October 2010 and transferred to the Court on 25 January 2011. On 16 December 2011, Pre-Trial Chamber I ruled to decline to confirm the charges against him and ordered his release. The Prosecutor's appeal against the decision was rejected, and on 23 December 2011, Mbarushimana became the first person to be detained by the ICC and then set free; at his request, he was released in France.