The Russian Pension Fund experienced three major changes from the Soviet system to the modern one throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. The first being a switch from the pension entirely controlled by the Soviet budget. This initial switch created the pension fund separate from the state budget in 1990. While supported by the Russian government as a switch from the almost collapsed USSR, the system had very few holds against its authority. Throughout the 1990s, allegations of abuse of power and racketeering were held against the fund, with the State Duma often refusing to address the broad institutional issues with the fund. The primary issues being viewed as the lack of centralization, and the lack of structured guidelines for how pensions were to be paid out. As the 1998 Russian financial crisis began the fund began to be hit by budgetary shortfalls. Following the resignation of President Boris Yeltsin, changes began to be viewed as necessary and a new system was fully approved in 2001. This system included a set pension for elderly and disabled, a set savings account based on what is actually paid into the system, and a pay as you go contribution fund. Due in part to low retirement ages in Russia, official retirement set at 55 for women 60 for men, multiple organizations called for a reform once more of a pension system deemed unsound. These calls would couple with the Russian financial crisis of 2008, leading to another round of reforms in 2010. These reforms would combine the set pension for elderly and disabled with the pay-as-you-go system, simplifying the overall fund. As Russia's working population stabilized after years of decline, the fund too could begin to stabilize. From 2019, a gradual hike of the retirement ages was started (the new level of 60/65 for women/men should be attained in 2028).