After the successful Allied invasion of French Morocco in November 1942, Vichy France began cooperating with the Allies. Fulfilling pledges made by French leaders two years earlier that their warships would never be used by the Axis, they scuttled their remaining Mediterranean fleet at Toulon to prevent its warships from falling under German control. France's only operational aircraft carrier, the "Béarn", spent most of the war effectively in quarantine in Martinique and did not launch aircraft in combat.