Sectarian violence during the 19th century caused many to leave Crete, especially during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, and after autonomous Crete's unilateral declaration of union with Greece rule in 1908. Finally, after the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922 and the Turkish War of Independence, the remaining Muslims of Crete were compulsorily exchanged for the Greek Christians of Anatolia under the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne (1923). Basically, migrational movements took place in three waves, the last one being initiated through the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. The first wave was initiated by the Greco-Turkish War (1897). The second wave took place during a time when the Muslim population had gained more rights by the Cretan government. This was considered as some sort of gap in an authoritarian rule (1896-1908). This resulted in people using the opportunity to leave and migrate to Muslim-friendly surroundings. However, the greatest amount of migrations took place through the third wave.