Langenthal's name cropped up for the first time in 1322 and it refers to a narrow dale that stretches along a watercourse. Langenthal was until the 18th century united with neighbouring Monzingen, to whose market business it had been attached. No later than the 13th century, it belonged to the Counts of Sponheim, who had granted some knightly families the court and the tithes (Emmerich von Nussbaum and after him Klaus von Ellenbach in the 14th century). In 1708, Langenthal passed along with some other places to Electoral Palatinate, and within that to the "Amt" of Böckelheim. In 1798, after French Revolutionary troops had overrun the German lands on the Rhine’s left bank, it was assigned to the "Mairie" (“Mayoralty”) of Monzingen. The court to which Langenthal was subject, called the "Friedensgericht" (“Peace Court”), had its seat in Sobernheim. This was converted into an "Amtsgericht" in 1879 (after Germany was unified). After the Napoleonic Wars had ended and Napoleon had been driven out and defeated, the Congress of Vienna assigned this administrative region to the Kingdom of Prussia. Monzingen remained the seat of a "Bürgermeisterei" (“mayoralty”) within the newly formed Kreuznach district, to which Langenthal also belonged. In the course of administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate after the Second World War, Langenthal found itself grouped into the "Verbandsgemeinde" of Bad Sobernheim.