Ernestine Diwisch (23 March 1921 – 24 May 1944) was an Austrian political activist (KPÖ). After 1938 she became caught up in anti-government resistance. She was arrested and taken to Berlin where she faced the special People's Court. She was convicted and sentenced to death on 8 February 1944. She was taken back to Vienna and executed on the guillotine that had been installed at shortly after the German National Socialists had taken control of Austria.