The Serbian Revival () or Serbian national awakening refers to a period in the history of the Serbs between the 18th century and the "de jure" establishment of the Principality of Serbia (1878). It began in Habsburg territory, in Sremski Karlovci. The Serbian renaissance (Српска ренесанса / Srpska renesansa) is said to have begun in 17th-century Banat. The Serbian Revival began earlier than the Bulgarian National Revival. The first revolt in the Ottoman Empire to acquire a national character was the Serbian Revolution (1804–1817), which was the culmination of the Serbian renaissance. According to Jelena Milojković-Djurić: "The first literary and learned society among the Slavs was Matica srpska, founded by the leaders of Serbian revival in Pest in 1826." Vojvodina became the cradle of the Serbian renaissance during the 19th century. Vuk Stefanović Karadžić (1787–1864) was the most instrumental in this period.