In the late Middle Ages, Middle Scots became the dominant language of the country. The first surviving major text in Scots literature is John Barbour's "Brus" (1375). This was followed by major historical works in Latin, including the "Chronica Gentis Scotorum" of John of Fordun. There were also Scots versions of popular French romances. Much Middle Scots literature was produced by makars, poets with links to the royal court. Many of the makars had a university education and so were also connected with the Church. Much of their work survives in a single collection: the Bannatyne Manuscript, collated around 1560. In the late fifteenth century, Scots prose also began to develop as a genre. The first complete surviving work is John Ireland's "The Meroure of Wyssdome" (1490). The landmark work in the reign of James IV was Gavin Douglas's version of Virgil's "Aeneid", the "Eneados", which was the first complete translation of a major classical text in an Anglic language, finished in 1513, but overshadowed by the disaster at Flodden in the same year.