Vesnina has been consistently one of the highest ranked doubles players during her career, ending every season since 2008 ranked within the top 30, and every season since 2011 in the top ten. In May 2012, she entered a regular partnership with Ekaterina Makarova, becoming one of the leading teams on tour. They won twelve titles together, including three Grand Slam titles, the 2016 WTA Finals, as well as Olympic gold at Rio. At the 2020 Summer Olympics, she won the silver medal with Aslan Karatsev in mixed doubles.