In Ukraine under the Russian Empire, Mykhailo Drahomanov promoted a purely phonemic Cyrillic alphabet (the "Drahomanivka") including the Latin letter "ј" in 1876, replacing the digraphs "я, є, ю, ї" with "ја, је, ју, јі", similar to the earlier Karadžić reform of the Serbian alphabet. The Ems Ukaz banning Ukrainian-language publication doomed this reform to obscurity.