Author Abdul-Azim Ahmed writes that in Egypt the term "deep state" is used to refer to Egyptian military/security networks, particularly the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces after the 2011 Revolution. They are "non-democratic leaders within a country" whose power is "independent of any political changes that take place." They are "often hidden beneath layers of bureaucracy" and may not be "in complete control at all times" but have "tangible control of key resources (whether human or financial)". He also wrote "The "deep state" is beginning to become short hand for the embedded anti-democratic power structures within a government, something very few democracies can claim to be free from."