The first reusable spacecraft, the X-15, was air-launched on a suborbital trajectory on 19 July 1963. The first partially reusable orbital spacecraft, the Space Shuttle, was launched by the USA on the 20th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's flight, on 12 April 1981. During the Shuttle era, six orbiters were built, all of which flown in the atmosphere and five of which flown in space. The "Enterprise" was used only for approach and landing tests, launching from the back of a Boeing 747 and gliding to deadstick landings at Edwards AFB, California. The first Space Shuttle to fly into space was the "Columbia", followed by the "Challenger", "Discovery", "Atlantis", and "Endeavour". The "Endeavour" was built to replace the "Challenger", which was lost in January 1986. The "Columbia" broke up during reentry in February 2003.