On the first day of the Uprising of 1830, Niesiołowski donated 15,000 złotys in bonds to the national cause. From 18 December, he was a member of the Sejm. From January to 6 February, he was in service as the Deputy of the Military Governor of Warsaw. On 25 January 1831, Franciszek Niesiołowski signed the Act of Dethronement of Nicholas I as the representative of the Kazimierz Powiat of the Lublin Voivodeship in the Sejm of the Uprising. On 24 March 1831, Niesiołowski was assigned the command of an infantry brigade, comprising the and , which was stationed in Stężyca near the Vistula. However, he was considered to be inept by his commander Jan Skrzynecki and was already back in the Sejm on 7 May, although he was only officially dismissed nearly two months later, on 25 June. While fleeing to Prussia, he was arrested by the Russians and exiled to Vologda.