An eruption of the volcano on 22 December 2018 caused a deadly tsunami, with waves up to five meters in height making landfall. On 31 December 2018, the disaster agency gave the tsunami's death toll as 437, with 14,059 injured.&lt;ref name="Tsunami update - 31/12/2018"&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; The tsunami affected more than 186 miles of coastline in Sumatra and Java. More than 420 people died, and 40,000 were displaced. This made the eruption the deadliest volcanic eruption of the 21st century so far. Cone collapse—with tsunami generation—was considered a potential hazard immediately before the eruption. Scientists had modeled the possibility six years before the event, and had identified the western flank as the section of the volcano most likely to fail.