Nadezhda Evgenevna Grinfeld had joined the Bund in Chişinău in 1903 and except for short periods in prison and emigration was continuously active in Menshevik organizations in Odessa, Kiev, and Saint Petersburg. Grinfeld, had already established a reputation as a Bundist speaker in the prerevolutionary period, was the head of a Bundist self-defense group in Odessa during 1905 Russian Revolution. During 1917, she was a popular speaker at mass meetings in Petrograd and Kronstadt. Elected as a Menshevik representative in the regional assembly of Bessarabia, "Sfatul Țării", she supported Bessarabian autonomy in order to counter the influence of the newly-established Bolshevik government in Russia. As the "Sfatul Țării" was losing authority over the region and faced an ever increasing influence of the Bolsheviks by early January 1918, the various factions looked out for outside help. Grinfeld, speaking for the Socialist Bloc in the assembly, while acknowledging to the objectives of the local government, protested against the introduction of Romanian troops, warning the government had no way to prevent a permanent occupation. She further requested Ukrainian troops be called in to restore order and suggested sending a Moldovan delegation to the Brest-Litovsk conference, insisting that only the All-Russian Constituent Assembly has the right to ratify a peace treaty. The Romanian Army did eventually intervene in Bessarabia with the collaboration of the nationalist faction in the "Sfatul Țării", and Grinfeld was among the MPs executed by the Romanians for opposing their occupation.