In March 2009, shortly after the Gaza War, a call for an academic boycott in France was published on the web with over 50 signatures, including Daniel Bensaïd, Gérard Toulouse of the Académie des sciences, coauthor in 2003 of "Les scientifiques et les droits de l'homme" with Lydie Koch-Miramond who had also signed and defended the boycott of Israel in 2002, Mireille Fanon-Mendès-France, and Roland Lombard, President of the "Collectif Interuniversitaire pour la Coopération avec les Universités Palestiniennes". They called "in the first place to impose a program of boycott, divestment, and sanctions," following the creation of the French organization BDS France.