Jeenbekova was born and raised in the village of Birinchi Kara-Kulja District of the Soviet Union's Osh Region. She studied at the School named after the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (now the Azybek Yusupov School). Her father Toko Kultumushev worked in the district consumer society. Although her family lived in prosperity and well-being, her father died when she was still in her youth, leaving her mother Sylan, raise her through her childhood, which in effect, thought Jeenbekova the idea of hard work.