The year in which the Wall Street Crash would trigger a deep and sustained economic depression across western economies, was, with the benefit of hindsight, not the best time to be broadening the range upmarket. The automobile business was in any event being transformed by the introduction, spearheaded in France by Citroën, of "all-steel" car bodies. For volume producers willing and able to invest in huge steel presses and dies for stamping out large numbers of identical and increasingly complex steel panels, "all-steel" car bodies carried the lure of big profits, but for second tier makers of mid-range cars there was no prospect of achieving the volumes necessary to cover the capital cost of the plant. Edouard Vermorel ended passenger car production in 1930. Truck production continued only till 1932. The company itself survived for more than a further three decades, concentrating again on the agricultural machinery sector, in respect of which it had never lost its engineering expertise.