The First Republic was founded by the last President of the Free State of Costa Rica and first President of the Republic of Costa Rica José María Castro Madriz earning the official title of “Father of the Republic” in Costa Rica's law. Liberal and freemason, Madriz was a brilliant intellectual trying to promote a very enlighten society. Madriz would be president in two non-consecutive terms, both of them deposed by the military. During this period the long authoritarian government of General Tomás Guardia happened. However, Guardia was also a liberal and promoted some progressive reforms including the abolition of the death penalty and the use of torture since 1871. Guardia's Constitution of 1871 is the longer lasting Constitution of Costa Rica to this date. Another important presidency was that of Juan Rafael Mora Porras, caudillo during the Filibuster War which is by many historians considered Costa Rica's true “war of independence”.