Human jaw shrinkage is the phenomenon of continued size reduction of the human mandible and maxilla over the past 12,000-15,000 years. Modern human lifestyles and diets are vastly different now than they were for most of human evolutionary history. Human jaws, as well as oral cavities, have been shrinking ever since the Neolithic agricultural revolution (~12,000 years ago). This has been confirmed by bone remains dated to this time period. Researchers are able to infer the basic lifestyle practices of past cultures, enabling them to link jaw size with lifestyle practice/behaviors. Bones from burial sites of past hunter-gatherer societies are associated with larger jaws and mouths, while bones retrieved from former farming cultures have decreased jaw size. Bones from farming societies also indicate the presence of dental malocclusions, commonly known as non-straight teeth. Within recent centuries, As food has become more processed and soft in form, a rapid increase in non-straight teeth, smaller jaws and mouths, a lack of space for wisdom teeth, and associated health conditions have been observed; such conditions include sleep apnea, constricted airways, and decreased respiratory fitness. Medical professionals have been making similar observations and documenting them for hundreds of years. Changes in diet, lifestyle, and breathing patterns have led to maladaptive phenotypic expression in terms of morphological craniofacial development that starts in childhood, but persists throughout the lifespan.