After the arrival of the Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin, the language came into contact with a variety of speech communities, among them Slavic, Turkic, and German. Turkic loans from this period come mainly from the Pechenegs and Cumanians, who settled in Hungary during the 12th and 13th centuries: e.g. "koboz" "cobza" (cf. Turkish "kopuz" ‘lute’); "komondor" "mop dog" (&lt; *"kumandur" &lt; "Cuman"). Hungarian borrowed many words from neighbouring Slavic languages: e.g. "tégla" ‘brick’; "mák" ‘poppy seed’; "karácsony" ‘Christmas’). These languages in turn borrowed words from Hungarian: e.g. Serbo-Croatian "ašov" from Hungarian "ásó" ‘spade’. About 1.6 percent of the Romanian lexicon is of Hungarian origin.