Another common motif was to accuse Britain of attacking in a barbarous manner. Articles on British bombing raids accused them of targeting civilians. After the bombing raid on Cologne, a pamphlet claimed that, in contrast, the Germans did not target civilians. Goebbels took advantage of a 1943 memorial service for the victims of bombing raids to proclaim Allied guilt and German innocence. Despite the encouragement it might give the enemy and that it did not inspire calm, propaganda shifted from playing down raids to playing them up, to inspire hatred of the enemy, and sympathy with neutrals.