Forced migration to Turkey increased and numbers cited by Klejda Mulaj for 1953-1957 are 195,000 Albanians leaving Yugoslavia and for 1966, some 230,000 people. Numbers cited by Tim Judah estimate that between 1952-1967 some 175,000 Muslims emigrated from Yugoslavia and though many were Macedonian speaking Muslims (Torbeš), Bosniaks and ethnic Turks, the majority of migrants were Albanians. Historian Noel Malcolm placed the number of Albanians leaving for Turkey at 100,000 between 1953-1966. Factors involved in the upsurge of migration were intimidation and pressure toward the Albanian population to leave through a campaign headed by Yugoslav police chief Aleksandar Ranković that officially was stated as aimed at curbing Albanian nationalism. Kosovo under the control of Ranković was viewed by Turkey as the individual that would implement "the Gentleman's Agreement." The situation ended in 1966 with the removal of Ranković from his position. Many of these Albanians from Yugoslavia settled in urban centres such as İzmir, Gemlik and Aydin. With the fall of communism, some Albanians arrived from Albania to Turkey after 1992. In 1999, some Albanians arrived to Turkey fleeing the conflict in Kosovo. Albanians from this third group have mainly settled in large urban centres located in western areas of Turkey.