This period saw the rise of antisemitic fascist political parties, particularly the Iron Guard. In 1938, King Carol II abolished the existing constitution, and replaced it with the 1938 Constitution, outlawing political parties and establishing a royal dictatorship. In 1940, Carol II was forced to step down, and Romania became the National Legionary State, a fascist government led by a coalition between Ion Antonescu and Horia Sima, the leader of the Iron Guard; Romania consequently joined the Axis powers in 1940. This power sharing agreement was unstable, and the Iron Guard staged a coup in 1941, which included an anti-Jewish pogrom in Bucharest, and which was crushed by Antonescu with German support.