India and Pakistan have fought three wars in Kashmir during 1947–1948, 1965 and the Kargil War in 1999. In 27 years, between 1990 and 2017, insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir claimed a total of 41,000 lives (14,000 civilians, 5,000 security personnel and 22,000 militants) according to government figures made available in 2017.