In 2004 Caoili transferred national federations to represent Australia. In 2009, she won the London Chess Classic Women's Invitational tournament with a score of 8/9, two points ahead of the runner-up. In the same year, Caoili won the Oceania women's zonal tournament and as a result qualified to play in the Women's World Championship 2010. However, she did not appear in the first round in this competition.