Rupp knocked more than twenty seconds off his previous 10,000 m best with a run of 27:10.74 in Palo Alto at the Payton Jordan Stanford Invitational. Before that race, the American 10,000 m record was 27:13.98 by Meb Keflezighi and though Rupp's time was over three seconds faster than that, he was beaten to the punch by Chris Solinsky, who won the race with a new American record of 26:59.60. Two months later, Rupp retained his national title in the 10,000 m with a win at the 2010 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships. Rupp competed on the 2010 IAAF Diamond League circuit and made a series of improvements to his personal records. He broke four minutes for the mile run at the Pre Classic, running 3:57.72, set a 3000 m outdoor best of 7:43.24 at the London Grand Prix, and then improved his 5000 m time to 13:07.35 at the season-ending Weltklasse meeting.