The First Brazilian Republic (1889–1930) came to an end in 1930 at the hands of the Revolution of 1930. The oligarchy of "coffee with milk", which had dominated Brazilian politics since the 1890s and concentrated power in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, was now being undermined by an economic crisis. The coffee and milk oligarchy collapsed in it of itself when then-President and "paulista" Washington Luís violated the agreement by nominating "paulista" Júlio Prestes to succeed him instead of acting within the lines of the agreement and nominating a person from Minas Gerais. In response, Minas Gerais formed the with the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraíba to counter the move, nominating Getúlio Vargas for the presidency in the upcoming 1930 Brazilian general election. Prestes's narrow victory in March (along with the unrelated assassination of Vargas's running mate João Pessoa in July) prompted Vargas and supporters to initiate an armed revolution in October of the year and install a new republic within Brazil.