Cauet was born in Châtellerault. He won the Ligue 1 in 1989 and 1990 with Marseille and in 1995 with Nantes. He also won the Coupe de France in 1989 with Marseille and the UEFA Cup in 1998 with Internazionale F.C., as well as the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group in 2005 with CSKA Sofia. He appeared in the 1998 UEFA Cup Final as a substitute and set up the third goal for Ronaldo. In spite of his qualities as a player, he was never selected for the French national team at international level.