AOSIS continued to advocate for the special needs of SIDS during the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and the ‘special case’ of SIDS was recognised in Agenda 21, the political action plan which resulted from the Summit. AOSIS’ proposal to create an ‘international insurance fund’, funded by developed countries to compensate SIDS for damage caused by climate change, was turned down. In Rio, AOSIS broadened its mandate beyond climate change to also include the sustainable development of SIDS. AOSIS negotiated for the inclusion of a small program area on the sustainable development of small islands in Agenda 21. However, Agenda 21 was not legally binding and some academics contend that the program was too vague to promote meaningful action.