The NDH was not in effect independent vis-à-vis German and Italian occupation authorities, significant parts of the country′s territory from the start being controlled by Chetniks (parts of Dalmatian Hinterland, Lika, Bosnia and others). On their part, the Communist-led guerrila movement had not been launched by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) until after Germany invaded the Soviet Union and the CPY received orders from Moscow to come to the Soviet Union′s aid.