Following the German invasion of Luxembourg on 10 May 1940, a Luxembourg government in exile was established in London. On 13 October 1942 the , , was accredited to the Luxembourg government in exile. Relations were restored in 1946, albeit with a non-resident ambassador, Soviet affairs prior to 1956 being handled by the ambassador to Belgium, who had dual accreditation. It was not until late 1960 that the mission was upgraded to the level of an embassy, with appointed as ambassador on 28 June 1961. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, the Russian Federation emerged as the Soviet Union's legal successor. The incumbent ambassador of the Soviet Union to Luxembourg, Chinghiz Aitmatov, continued as representative of Russia until 1994.