After the Soviet Union invaded Poland on September 17, 1939, it likewise engaged in the looting and destruction of Poland's cultural heritage. It is estimated that soon after the invasion, about half of Polish museums and similar public institutions were dismantled in the territories occupied by the Soviets. Many items were shipped out to Soviet museums such as the Moscow Museum of History and the Central Anti-Religious Museum (also in Moscow). Other collections were simply destroyed. For instance, during the liquidation of the Poland's "Lwów Historical Museum" early in 1940, its holdings were taken to the basement of the Black House (Polish: "Czarna Kamienica"), away from public scrutiny, and systematically destroyed there.