The success of the Dutch Republic in its struggle to get away from the Spanish Crown had damaged Spain's "Reputación", a concept that, according to Olivares' biographer J. H. Elliot, strongly motivated that statesman. In the minds of Spaniards the land of Flanders became linked to war. The idea of a second "Flanders"—a place of "endless war, suffering and death"—haunted the Spanish for many years after the war ended. In the 16th and 17th centuries the concept of a second or "another" Flanders was variously used while referring to the 1591 situation in Aragón, the Catalan Revolt and the 1673 rebellion in Messina. Jesuit father Diego de Rosales described Chile from a military point of view as "Indian Flanders" ("Flandes indiano"), a phrase that was later adopted by historian Gabriel Guarda.