The earliest mention of Kallistratos was in 379 when the Theban Pelopidas used his name to gain entry to the home of his rival Leontidas in order to assassinate him.  This was the opening gambit in the anti-Spartan party's campaign to retake control of the Theban government and expel the Spartan garrison occupying the Kadmeia.  Their success led directly to the Boeotian War (379-75).  It is unclear whether Kallistratos was actually involved in the plot or what his name was supposed to mean to Leontidas.