On 5 November 1811, José Matías Delgado, Manuel José Arce, and 400 armed supporters overthrew Gutiérrez y Ulloa by forcing his resignation, declaring "There is no King, no Intendant, or Captain General, we only have to obey our mayors." The independence movement was eventually crushed by Spanish forces under José Alejandro de Aycinena later in the year who became Colonial Intendant on 3 December 1811. His resignation was not officially accepted by the Real Audiencia of Guatemala until 26 September 1812.