Rožna Dolina was originally part of the village of Glince in the former Municipality of Vič. The area was largely undeveloped until after the 1895 Ljubljana earthquake, when developers started looking for cheap land near industry to build housing for workers. The low-lying meadows in what is now Rožna Dolina were purchased in the 1890s by the Slovene Workers Building Association ("Slovensko delavsko stavbno društvo"), founded by Janez Evangelist Krek, and the first house was built in 1898 below the railroad line, where the ground was somewhat higher. Its owner, Matevž Perne, became the first head of the Rožna Dolina Beautification Society (), founded in 1905. The society members largely developed Rožna Dolina at their own initiative, building drainage canals, streets, and roads, because the new settlement and its residents were viewed with some distrust by the original farming population of Vič. The village developed as a suburb of Ljubljana and never had a farming population. Rožna Dolina was separated from Glince and made an independent village in 1924. In the 1931 census, Rožna Dolina had a population of 3,431 living in 352 houses. Along with the entire former Municipality of Vič, Rožna Dolina was annexed by the City of Ljubljana in 1935, ending its existence as an independent settlement.