Oelschlägel was selected as an alternate player in the German Olympic team's squad for the football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. He remained inactive until the gold medal match, when manager Horst Hrubesch called him up in place of midfielder Leon Goretzka, who was injured in the team's opening match of the tournament. Though he was not used in the match, he earned a silver medal after Germany lost to Brazil in a penalty shoot-out.