Eventually in 1905, Rozhkov joined the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Shortly after he was in conflict with Vladimir Lenin and his views on the Bolsheviks' agricultural policies and criticised him at the 4th Congress of the RSDLP. After the failed Bolshevik Uprising in 1905, Rozhkov was in an illegal position and was arrested and exiled to Siberia after he was elected to the Central Committee of the RSDLP at the 5h Congress of the RSDLP.