In the 1730s, a devastating malaria outbreak exacerbated issues between the Dutch, Sumatran, and Chinese communities. By 1740, this unrest had grown significantly, resulting in the Dutch colonial authorities cracking down on the rights of Batavia’s Chinese population. When the Chinese community (which numbered around 10,000 people) resisted these efforts, the Dutch governor-general of Batavia (Adriaan Valckenier) ordered the deportation or killing of the Chinese. This order resulted in the 1740 Batavia massacre, during which thousands of Chinese were killed by the Dutch and Sumatrans.