Between July 1941, and August 1944, Paneriai became the mass murder site of approximately 70,000 Jews, 20,000 Polish intelligentsia, and 8,000 Russian POWs. The executions were planned and carried out by German units of SD and SS with help from local collaborationists Special SD and Security Police Squad. The site of the massacre is commemorated by a memorial to the victims of the Holocaust, a memorial to the Polish victims and a small museum.