The continued control of Egyptian affairs by the United Kingdom sparked the Egyptian Revolution of 1919. Subsequently, the United Kingdom government sought a negotiated means of abating Egyptian grievances whilst maintaining its own military presence and political influence in the country. When these negotiations failed, the United Kingdom acted unilaterally to terminate the protectorate and recognise Egypt as an independent state. By taking this action unilaterally, the United Kingdom avoided seeking the agreement of the Egyptian government and thereby granted to itself "reserved" powers in four areas central to the governance of Egypt: foreign relations, communications, the military, and Sudan, which was legally a condominium of both Egypt and the United Kingdom. These reserved powers, to which the Egyptian government did not consent, meant that nationalist grievances against the United Kingdom continued and would contribute to the causes of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 three decades later.