Mozgalova represented Russia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she competed in the women's 25 m pistol, along with her teammate Anna Mastyanina. Mozgalova progressed to the final of her respective event, after scoring a total of 585 targets (289 in the precision stage and 296 in the rapid fire) from the qualifying rounds. Unfortunately, she finished only in fifth place by four tenths of a point (0.4) behind Serbia's Zorana Arunović, with a total score of 786.9 targets (201.9 in the final).