Elfriede Beate Hartmann (21 May 1921 – 2 November 1943) was a Viennese chemistry student. Towards the end of 1938, some months after the rapid integration of "Austro-fascist" Austria into a newly enlarged German state under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, she became involved with the Young Communists. After war broke out in 1939 she engaged actively in anti-war resistance. On 22 February 1942 she was caught distributing "leaflets" in a park in Vienna-Döbling and arrested. She faced trial at the special "People's Court" at Krems on 22 September 1943 and was found guilty of "preparing to commit High Treason and Helping the Enemy" ("Vorbereitung zum Hochverrat und Feindbegünstigung"). She died on the guillotine.