(; English: "pre-March") was a period in the history of Germany preceding the 1848 March Revolution in the states of the German Confederation. The beginning of the period is less well-defined. Some place the starting point directly after the fall of Napoleon and the establishment of the German Confederation in 1815. Others, typically those who emphasise the "Vormärz" as a period of political uprising, place the beginning at the French July Revolution of 1830.