The first official historical mention of Schliengen was in 820. It belonged formerly to the prince-bishopric of Basel. In 1796, Schliengen was the site of a battle between the French army commanded by Jean Victor Marie Moreau and the Coalition Army commanded by Archduke Charles of Austria. After the secularization which was a result of the German Mediatisation () of 1803, Schliengen became a part of the Grand Duchy of Baden. The railway first reached Schliengen a 15 June 1847 when the track to Müllheim was completed. Schliengen was traditionally a part of the , but has been part of the district of Lörrach since the of 1973.