Many of the inhabitants of Udhruh were Jewish at the time of their submission to the Muslims, but subsequently converted to Islam. They were thenceforth referred to as "mawali" (associates) of the Banu Hashim. The town also maintained its Christian community well into the early Islamic era. Udhruh gained fame in Islamic history for hosting the summit that arbitrated the end of the First Muslim Civil War between Caliph Ali (r. 656–661) and his opponents in 658. The first Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I, gained the recognition of his rival for leadership and son of Ali, Hasan ibn Ali in Udhruh. The town was the administrative center of Jund al-Sharah district of the southern Levant at least during the 9th century. The 10th-century geographer al-Muqaddasi notes that Udhruh's townspeople possessed a mantle of the prophet Muhammad and the treaty of capitulation they signed with him which was written on an animal skin.