The first VAKs were organized in September and October 1944, and employed on both the Western and Eastern Fronts. Eventually, 13 VAKs were organized, being numbered 166, 388, 401 - 410, and 766. In addition to the VAKs, two regiments of Volksartillerie, the 1133rd and 1134th, were organized and employed in support of the Nineteenth Army in Alsace and Baden. VAKs were formed by re-designating existing artillery units and so did not represent an increase in the number of non-divisional artillery battalions supporting the German forces.