The Polish Military Gendarmerie is a military police force that traces its history to the communist-era Military Internal Service (Polish: "Wojskowa Służba Wewnętrzna"), World War II-era Service for Protection of the Uprising (Polish: "Wojskowa Służba Ochrony Powstania"), interwar-era military police in the Second Polish Republic, formations of the January and November Uprising, Duchy of Warsaw and finally, some officials of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, first created in early 17th century.