Nikolay Osipovich Mozgalevsky (; May 1801, Saint Petersburg - June 14, 1844) was a Russian officer and a participant in the Decembrist revolt. His father was Osip F. Mozgalevsky, a landlord in Chernigov Governorate, his mother, Viktoriya Karlovna de Roset. He was educated from 1814 to 1821 in the First Corps of Cadets, from which issued an ensign in the Saratov Infantry Regiment. In 1825, he was promoted to a lieutenant in the same regiment. He became a member of the Society of United Slavs in 1825.