Samsonov made his Kontinental Hockey League debut playing in relief with Metallurg Magnitogorsk during the 2014–15 KHL season on 11 December 2014, against Sibir Novosibirsk. After a successful junior season with Metallurg's Junior club, Stalnye Lisy, Samsonov was ranked as the top European Goalie in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft, and was the first goaltender drafted, being taken 22nd overall by the Washington Capitals.