Israel–Pakistan relations refer to the bilateral ties between the State of Israel and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Despite the lack of formal diplomatic relations, owing to Pakistan's non-recognition of Israel as a sovereign state due to the Arab–Israeli conflict, the two countries' relationship has been defined by multiple instances of close covert coordination and cooperation during events such as the Soviet–Afghan War and the Black September conflict. Pakistan officially endorses the two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and has maintained its longstanding position of non-recognition of Israel until an independent Palestinian state is established within the pre-1967 borders and with East Jerusalem as its capital city. Nevertheless, Pakistan and Israel almost regularly use their embassies and consulates-general in the cities of Ankara and Istanbul in Turkey to mediate and exchange necessary information with each other. A publishing by the Pakistani newspaper "Dawn" in 2010 reported that Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence, following up on reports received in Washington, had used its embassy in Ankara to pass on newly discovered information to Israel's Mossad about potentially upcoming terrorist attacks in Mumbai, India, where a Jewish cultural centre was listed as a major target. This information first surfaced in a WikiLeaks publishing one year after the 2008 Mumbai attacks were carried out by Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistani Islamic terrorist organization.