The Romans in their Decadence () is a painting by the French artist Thomas Couture, first exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1847, a year before the 1848 Revolution which toppled the July Monarchy. It was the most highly-praised work at the Salon. Reminiscent of the style of Raphael, it is typical of the French 'classic' style between 1850 and 1900. It now belongs to the Musée d'Orsay in Paris. It was etched by Edmond Hédouin (1820–1889).