Kashkarov was arguably the best Soviet biathlete of the mid-1980s. Kashkarov won his first international medals at the 1982 World Junior Championships, where he won a full set of medals, gold in the 15 km individual, silver in the relay and bronze in 10 km sprint. From 1983–91, Kashkarov competed at every Biathlon World Championships that were open to men, and won medals at every one of them, except in 1990. He won relay golds at the 1983, 1985 and 1986 World Championships and golds in the 20 km individual in 1985 and the team event in 1989.