Competing at the senior-level 2020 Russian Championships for the first time, Samsonov was seventh in the short program after stepping out of his quad Lutz and falling on his triple Axel. Fifth in the free skate, he rose to sixth place overall. Samsonov later competed at the 2020 Russian Junior Championships where he placed second in both the short and free programs, but finished first overall due to a large ordinal gap from free skate winner Andrei Mozalev, earning him his second junior national title. Due to this result, he was initially named to the team for the 2020 World Junior Figure Skating Championships, however on 28 February 2020 it was announced that he'd withdrawn from the competition due to joint problems caused by growth. He was replaced at the event by Ilya Yablokov. Samsonov later clarified that his withdrawal from the event was due to pain associated with Osgood-Schlatter disease.