Until the first synagogue was built in Sulzbach in 1687, the Jewish community of Sulzbach met in a prayer room set up by the Jewish Bloch family. Due to its poor structural condition, it was replaced as early as 1737 by a new Baroque building in today's Synagogenstraße. This burnt down in the town fire of 1822. Financed by donations, the present building was consecrated on August 31, 1824. After having been the centre of the Sulzbach community for over a hundred years, it was abandoned in 1930 and sold to the city of Sulzbach for a symbolic price. Then the Jewish community had dwindled to a very small group. They sold the building under the condition that the synagogue would only be used for cultural purposes. Therefore, the Sulzbach City Museum was established in it. This circumstance saved the synagogue from destruction during the November Pogroms 1938.