The 2nd Manchurian Army was created in September 1904 under command of Lieutenant general Oskar Gripenberg. It counted 120 battalions, 79 squadrons, 439 guns, and a total of 81,799 men. On February 12, 1905, General Alexander von Kaulbars took over command of the army. It participated in the Battle of Shaho, Battle of Sandepu and Battle of Mukden.