Sieg Heil was a verbal salute used at the Nazis' mass rallies, where enthusiastic crowds answered "Heil" (Hail!) to the call of "Sieg" (Victory). For example, at the 1934 Nuremberg Rally, Rudolf Hess ended his climactic speech with, "The Party is Hitler. But Hitler is Germany, just as Germany is Hitler. Hitler! Sieg Heil!" At his total war speech delivered in 1943, audiences shouted "Sieg Heil" as Joseph Goebbels solicited from them "a kind of plebiscitary 'Ja to total war. ('Ja' means 'yes' in German.)