In 1910, following the overthrow of the monarchy, the Viscount renamed it "Teatro da República". In September 1914 a fire completely destroyed the theatre, a fate that befell several theatres in Lisbon. It was speedily rebuilt to the original design, and was reopened on 16 January 1916 with a performance of "Os Posticos" by Eduardo Schwalbach Lucci, with President Machado in attendance. The same year witnessed the debut in the theatre of the popular Portuguese actor, Amélia Rey Colaço. In the following year Almada Negreiros read his “Futurist Ultimatum” to a scandalized audience that included the famous Portuguese poet, Fernando Pessoa.