Uganda entered three athletes in athletics events at the 1968 Summer Olympics. The athletics events were held at the Estadio Olímpico Universitario. William Dralu competed in the men's 200m but failed to advance from his heat after finishing sixth with a time of 21.38 seconds. Long-distance runner Mustafa Musa competed in three events, the men's 5000m, 10,000m and marathon races. The 5,000m was the only event Musa entered that required qualifying. He was eliminated after finishing ninth in his heat. In his remaining events, Musa finished 22nd in the 10,000m before finishing the marathon in 55th place.