The Principality of Nassau-Saarbrücken was occupied by French revolutionary troops during the First Coalition War in 1793, and incorporated into the French Republic. The princely family moved to Mannheim and then to Aschaffenburg, where Prince Louis died in exile in 1794. The Hereditary Prince Henry Louis followed him in 1797, leaving no offspring. Only eight years old, Adolph, while the last male survivor of the Nassau-Saarbrücken line, could not inherit the principality, as stipulated in the 30 June, 1783 Nassau Family Pact. Thus the pretension to the principality fell to Charles William, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, his father's cousin. Duchess Catherine and her son resided in Paris from 1802-5. There she attempted to regain their Revolutionary-controlled territories.