During the First World War, 23rd Peshawar Mountain Battery fought with distinction in the Mesopotamian Campaign, where it took part in the capture of Basra and the Battle of Shaiba. In 1916, it was engaged on the Tigris Front, as the British made desperate efforts to raise the Siege of Kut al Amara; fighting in the Battles of Sheikh Sa'ad, the Wadi, Hanna and Dujaila Redoubt. On returning to India, it operated against Mahsuds in 1917 and against Marri and Khetran tribes in 1918. After the war, it again saw service on the Northwest Frontier during the Third Afghan War in 1919 and in Waziristan during 1919-24. During the Second World War, it fought in the Burma Campaign and then served in Malaya and French Indochina in 1946. In 1944, it became an exclusively Punjabi Muslim unit.