In the Kingdom of Poland, Wolbrom was locatedin Kraków Voivodeship, along a busy merchant route from Lesser Poland to Silesia and Greater Poland. In 1400, King Władysław Jagiełło issued a bill, which ordered all merchants travelling from Kraków to Greater Poland to go through Wolbrom. The town had a parish church with a school and a hospital for the poor. Every Thursday it had a fair, whose tradition is kept until now. In 1485 most of the wooden buildings burned in a fire, after which King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk granted Wolbrom additional privileges. Wolbrom prospered, like whole Lesser Poland, until the mid-17th century. The town was almost completely destroyed by the Swedes in the deluge, furthermore, the ancient merchant route became obsolete and was not used any longer. In 1660, the town had only 85 buildings, with 500 inhabitants.