Portugal formed the first European colonial Empire in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta. In 1453, the French expelled the English from their land and the Ottoman Turks caused the Fall of Constantinople, initiating the rise of the Ottoman Empire in Europe. At the end of the 15th century, Spain was formed following the marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Portugal and Spain, followed by France and England, ushered the Age of Discovery. During the early 16th century, France and the Habsburg clashed during the Italian Wars. In 1519, Charles V of Habsburg, already Duke of Burgundy, King of Spain, and Archduke of Austria, became Holy Roman Emperor and initiated a long rivalry with Francis I of France and the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. He ordered the conquistadores to annex the Aztec Empire and conquer the Incas and made use of the gold and silver coming from the Americas to finance the defence of his German territories in Austria from the Ottoman Empire (Siege of Vienna) and of his Italian territories in the Duchy of Milan from France (Battle of Pavia). Styling himself as the protector of Catholicism, he resigned because of the growth of protestantism and split his territories between a Spanish Empire led by Philip II of Spain and a Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation led by Ferdinand I.