He competed in the men's 200 metre freestyle event at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships. At the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea, Katsuhiro Matsumoto came third in the 200 m freestyle, but the first-placed finisher Danas Rapšys was disqualified for a false start, so Matsumoto was awarded a silver medal. He qualified to represent Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics.