Anashkin served as a "starshina" in the 6th Tsaritsyn Regiment of the Volga Military District from May 1922, then in the same position with the 96th and 99th Rifle Regiments. From June 1924 he commanded a platoon in the 99th Regiment, before being sent to study at the Smolensk Infantry School in September. After the latter was disbanded in September 1926 Anashkin transferred to the Ryazan Infantry School. Upon his graduation in October 1927, he was appointed a platoon commander in the 66th Rifle Regiment of the 22nd Rifle Division. Anashkin completed the Moscow Military-Political Course between October 1928 and July 1929, being appointed commander and "politruk" of a company of the 78th Rifle Regiment of the 26th Rifle Division of the Special Far Eastern Army, with which he fought in the Sino-Soviet conflict later that year.