Germany established an administration under the Governor Wilhelm Solf in 1900, which utilized traditional leaders to implement policies. He appointed Mataafa Iosefo as paramount chief and created a bipartisan council of advisors made of up chiefs of both royal lines and district headmen to give guidance on policy. Under the terms of the German Colonial Act of 1888, German colonies were not part of the federal union, but they were also not considered foreign. Thus, laws that were extended to the colonies sometimes treated residents as nationals and other times as foreigners. Native subjects in the colonies were not considered to be German, but were allowed to naturalise. Naturalisation required ten years residence in the territory and proof of self-employment. It was automatically bestowed upon all members of a family, meaning children and wives derived the nationality of the husband. The Nationality Law of 1913 changed the basis for acquiring German nationality from domicile to patrilineality, but did not alter derivative nationality. At the outbreak of World War I, in 1914, the Samoa Expeditionary Force landed on and occupied German Samoa. The German governor surrendered and a military administration was established by New Zealand.