Wiltrud Urselmann (; born 12 May 1942) is a German former breaststroke swimmer. In 1957 she was named the German Sportspersonality of the Year for her national achievements. She then won a bronze medal in the 200 m breaststroke at the 1958 European Aquatics Championships. On 6 June 1960 she set a new world record in the same event (02:50.2), beating the previous record of Anita Lonsbrough. Two months later, in the 1960 Summer Olympics finals, she swam even faster (2:50.0), but was beaten in the last 25 meters by Lonsbrough (2:49.5).