Uğur Ümit Üngör states that mass violence in the late Ottoman empire and its successors includes, but is not limited to, persecutions of Muslims during Ottoman contraction in the 19th and early 20th century, the Adana massacre of Armenians in 1909, the Greek genocide (1913–1922), the Assyrian genocide (1914–1924), the Armenian genocide (1915–1917), the 1921 Koçgiri massacres of Kurdish rebels, "the mass violence against Kurds from the 1925 Sheikh Said conflict to the 1938 Dersim massacre", the 1934 Thrace pogroms against Jews, through the 1955 Istanbul pogrom against Greeks and Armenians. Other scholars sometimes also include the earlier Hamidian massacres of Armenians in the 1890s, or deportations of Kurds between 1916 and 1934.