Poet and literary critic Joyce Kilmer, a corporal at that time, wrote the 1918 poem "Rouge Bouquet" (also called "The Wood Called Rouge Bouquet") as a eulogy to commemorate the soldiers in his regiment who died. The poem was first read by Chaplain Francis Duffy at "the funeral service held at the collapsed dugout, the tomb of the regiment's first men slain in battle" a few days later. It first appeared in print in the American serviceman's newspaper "Stars and Stripes"—published two weeks after Kilmer died in combat in the Second Battle of the Marne on 30 July 1918.