The breakthrough between the pro-democrats and the Beijing authorities did not stall the demand for the universal suffrage, instead created internal strife and fragmentations between different factions in the pro-democracy camp and the rise of localist movement which called for more confrontational approach for the movement. In the decision on the constitutional reform framework laid by the NPCSC on 31 August 2014 dashed the hopes of the democracy activists striving for the right to direct elections, which triggered the 79-day Occupy protests. The democratic development in Hong Kong had stagnated since then, while a new wave of independence movement was on the rise. In the 2016 New Territories East by-election, pro-independence activist Edward Leung received more than 15 per cent of the popular vote despite his loss to the pro-democratic Civic Party's Alvin Yeung. Leung and other pro-independence activists were then barred from running in the September general election. Baggio Leung and Yau Wai-ching of Youngspiration, who was backed by Edward Leung, were elected, but were soon disqualified over their oath-taking manner.