Chowdhury became involved in politics during his student life. He was able to lift the ban on cattle slaughter in Faridpur by the British Raj. He served 17 years as the Chairman of Faridpur District Board. He was an important organiser of the Pakistan movement and All-India Muslim League. In 1937 he was elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly. From 1941 to 1953 he served as the President of the Faridpur district unit of Muslim League. From 1941 to 1947 he was part of the Bengal Muslim League working committee. From 1952 to 1947 he served as the General Secretary of the East Bengal Muslim League. He was expelled from the league and joined the Krishak Sramik Party. In 1950 he was elected to the Pakistan Constituent Assembly. In 1954 he was elected to the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly. He served as the Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Jute, and the Minister of Forest in the A K Fazlul Haq government. He was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan in 1955. He helped launch the Krishak Praja Party under A K Fazlul Haq in 1957. He helped the formation of National Democratic Front and Pakistan Democratic Movement. He joined the Pakistan Democratic Party and joined it. It was led by Nurul Amin. He served as the vice president of Pakistan Democratic Party. He helped the formation of Democratic Action Committee by President Ayub Khan. He lost the 1970 Pakistan General Election to a Bangladesh Awami League candidate. After the start of Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971 he announced his support to the Pakistan government.