adelevett/en_wiktionary_etymological_divergence huggingface dataset:
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:sem- — "together, one"
Divergent English descendants: ensemble, simile, simultaneous

Definitions:
ensemble: A group of separate things that contribute to a coordinated whole.
simile: A figure of speech in which one thing is explicitly compared to another, using e.g. like or as.
simultaneous: Happening at the same moment.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:sek- — "to cut, cut off, sever"
Divergent English descendants: segno, sign

Definitions:
sign: A visible fact that shows that something exists or may happen.
segno: The sign 𝄋, indicating the start of a passage of music to be repeated.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:weǵʰ- — "to bring"
Divergent English descendants: vector, vehicle

Definitions:
vehicle: A conveyance; a spacious device for carrying or transporting substances, objects, people or animals.
vector: A directed quantity, one with both magnitude and direction; the signed difference between two points.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:lewk- — "bright"
Divergent English descendants: lynx, ounce

Definitions:
lynx: Any of several medium-sized wild cats, mostly of the genus Lynx.
ounce: An avoirdupois ounce, weighing ¹⁄₁₆ of an avoirdupois pound, or 28.349523125 grams.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:dʰer- — "to support"
Divergent English descendants: firm, throne, trone

Definitions:
trone: A steelyard.
firm: A business partnership; the name under which it trades.
throne: An impressive seat used by a monarch, often on a raised dais in a throne room and reserved for formal occasions.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:h₃reǵ- — "to straighten"
Divergent English descendants: realm, regime, regimen

Definitions:
regimen: Orderly government; system of order; administration.
regime: Mode of rule or management.
realm: A territory or state, as ruled by an absolute authority, especially by a king; a kingdom.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:leykʷ- — "to leave"
Divergent English descendants: eclipse, eclipsis

Definitions:
eclipse: An alignment of astronomical objects whereby one object comes between the observer (or notional observer) and another object, thus obscuring the latter.
eclipsis: An omission of words needed to fully express the sense of a phrase.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:pleh₂- — "flat"
Divergent English descendants: palm, plant

Definitions:
plant: An organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis. Typically a small or herbaceous organism of this kind, rather than a tree.
palm: Any of various evergreen trees from the family Palmae or Arecaceae, which are mainly found in the tropics.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:stel- — "to put, to place; to locate"
Divergent English descendants: locus, stilt, stole, stolid

Definitions:
stolid: Having or revealing little emotion or sensibility.
stilt: Either of two poles with footrests that allow someone to stand or walk above the ground; used mostly by entertainers.
locus: A place or locality, especially a centre of activity or the scene of a crime.
stole: simple past of steal
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:mey- — "to strengthen"
Divergent English descendants: minimum, minor

Definitions:
minimum: The lowest limit.
minor: Lesser, smaller in importance, size, degree, seriousness, or significance compared to another option
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:h₁rewdʰ- — "red"
Divergent English descendants: erysipelas, russet

Definitions:
russet: A reddish-brown color.
erysipelas: An acute, sometimes recurrent febrile disease caused by infection of a hemolytic streptococcus, associated with intense edematous local inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and marked by large raised red patches on the skin.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:peth₂- — "to spread out"
Divergent English descendants: pace, patera

Definitions:
patera: A broad, shallow dish used for drinking, primarily in ritual contexts such as libations.
pace: A step.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:ser- — "to flow"
Divergent English descendants: hormone, serf, serum, sort

Definitions:
serum: Ellipsis of blood serum.
hormone: Any substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity.
sort: A general type.
serf: A partially free peasant of a low hereditary class, attached like a slave to the land owned by a feudal lord and required to perform labour, enjoying minimal legal or customary rights.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:ḱerh₂- — "head, top"
Divergent English descendants: cerebral, keraunic

Definitions:
cerebral: Of or relating to the brain, cerebrum, or cerebral cortex.
keraunic: Relating to the audible detection of thunder
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:h₂eǵ- — "to drive"
Divergent English descendants: actor, ambassade

Definitions:
ambassade: The mission of an ambassador.
actor: Someone who institutes a legal suit; a plaintiff or complainant.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:kleh₂w- — "a hook, crook, peg"
Divergent English descendants: claustrum, cloister

Definitions:
cloister: A covered walk with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that surround a quadrangle; especially:
claustrum: A thin, irregular sheet of grey matter underneath the inner part of the neocortex on both sides of the brains of mammals; its exact function is not understood, but it is believed to facilitate coordination between senses
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:solh₂- — "whole"
Divergent English descendants: safe, save, sold, solid

Definitions:
safe: Not in danger; out of harm's reach.
solid: That can be picked up or held, having a texture, and usually firm. Unlike a liquid, gas or plasma.
sold: simple past and past participle of sell
save: To prevent harm or difficulty.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:h₂el- — "to grow, nourish"
Divergent English descendants: aliment, alvine, hawt

Definitions:
hawt: Pronunciation spelling or leetspeak of hot (any sense).
alvine: Of or pertaining to the belly or intestines.
aliment: Food.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:spey- — "long, thin, sharp"
Divergent English descendants: spire, spoke

Definitions:
spoke: A support structure that connects the axle or the hub of a wheel to the rim.
spire: The stalk or stem of a plant.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:speḱ- — "to see, to look, to observe"
Divergent English descendants: scepsis, scope, specimen, spectre

Definitions:
spectre: British standard spelling of specter.
specimen: An individual instance that represents a class; an example.
scepsis: Skepticism; a skeptical approach or belief.
scope: The breadth, depth or reach of a subject; the extent of applicability or relevance; a domain, purview or remit.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:ḱel- — "to cover"
Divergent English descendants: cell, cilium, color, colour, heal, heel

Definitions:
heal: To make better from a disease, wound, etc.; to revive or cure.
cell: A single-room dwelling for a hermit.
cilium: A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors.
heel: The rear part of the foot, where it joins the leg.
colour: Commonwealth and Ireland standard spelling of color.
color: The spectral composition of visible light.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:wed- — "to well"
Divergent English descendants: inundation, undulation, verrine

Definitions:
inundation: The act of inundating; an overflow; a flood; a rising and spreading of water over grounds.
verrine: Any savory or sweet food served in a small glass, typically in France.
undulation: An instance or act of undulating.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:kelh₁- — "to call, cry, summon"
Divergent English descendants: class, classis, scold

Definitions:
classis: A class or order; sort; type; kind.
scold: A person who habitually scolds, in particular a troublesome and angry woman.
class: A group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:peh₂w- — "few, little"
Divergent English descendants: pauce, pauper, pool, poor, poule, poulter, poulterer, poultry, puerile, puerilism, puerility, puerperium, puerperous

Definitions:
poultry: Domestic fowl (e.g. chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese) raised for food (meat, eggs, or both).
puerile: Childish; trifling; silly.
puerperium: The period of time lasting around a month immediately following childbirth, when the mother’s uterus shrinks back to its prepartum state.
pauper: One who is extremely poor.
poulterer: A dealer in poultry.
pool: A small and rather deep area of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream or river; a reservoir for water.
puerility: The state, quality, or condition of being childish or puerile.
poule: A girl, a young woman, especially seen as promiscuous; a slut.
pauce: Subject to or pertaining to paucity; being scarce or insufficient.
poor: With no or few possessions or money, particularly in relation to contemporaries who do have them.
puerilism: Childlike behavior by an adult, especially as indicating a mental disorder.
puerperous: Bearing children.
poulter: A dealer in poultry; a poulterer.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:pelH- — "pale, gray"
Divergent English descendants: pool, poule, poulter, poulterer, poultry

Definitions:
poultry: Domestic fowl (e.g. chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese) raised for food (meat, eggs, or both).
poulterer: A dealer in poultry.
pool: A small and rather deep area of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream or river; a reservoir for water.
poule: A girl, a young woman, especially seen as promiscuous; a slut.
poulter: A dealer in poultry; a poulterer.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:(s)kelH- — "to cut"
Divergent English descendants: scale, shelf, skull

Definitions:
shelf: A flat, rigid structure, fixed at right angles to a wall or forming a part of a cabinet, desk, etc., and used to display, store, or support objects.
scale: A ladder; a series of steps; a means of ascending.
skull: The main bones of the head considered as a unit; including the cranium, facial bones, and mandible.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:stéh₂tis — "standing, position"
Divergent English descendants: stasis, stat

Definitions:
stat: Immediately; now.
stasis: A slackening or arrest of the blood current, due not to a lessening of the heart’s beat, but to some abnormal resistance of the capillary walls.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:dʰeyǵʰ- — "to knead"
Divergent English descendants: feint, fictive

Definitions:
fictive: Having the characteristics of fiction: fictional.
feint: A movement made to confuse an opponent; a dummy.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:ten- — "to stretch, to extend"
Divergent English descendants: tent, tenure

Definitions:
tenure: A status of possessing a thing or an office; an incumbency.
tent: A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, used for sheltering people from the weather.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:(s)ker- — "to cut off, sever"
Divergent English descendants: cancer, canker, chancre, charter, cheer, circus, cirque, corium, crepe, crisp, score, share, shear

Definitions:
charter: A document issued by some authority, creating a public or private institution, and defining its purposes and privileges.
chancre: Skin lesion, sometimes associated with certain contagious diseases such as syphilis.
circus: A traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, clowns, trained animals, and other novelty acts, that gives shows usually in a circular tent.
canker: A plant disease marked by gradual decay.
share: A portion of something, especially a portion given or allotted to someone.
corium: The layer of skin between the epidermis and the subcutaneous tissues; the dermis.
cirque: A Roman circus.
shear: To remove the fleece from (a sheep, llama, etc.) by clipping.
crepe: A flat round pancake-like pastry from Lower Brittany, made with wheat.
score: The total number of goals, points, runs, etc. earned by a participant in a game.
cancer: A disease in which the cells of a tissue undergo uncontrolled (and often rapid) proliferation.
cheer: A cheerful attitude; happiness; a good, happy, or positive mood.
crisp: Senses relating to curliness.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:kʷelh₁- — "to turn (end-over-end)"
Divergent English descendants: pole, teleology

Definitions:
teleology: The study of the purpose or design of natural occurrences.
pole: Originally, a stick; now specifically, a long and slender piece of metal or (especially) wood, used for various construction or support purposes.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:(s)tewd- — "to push, to hit"
Divergent English descendants: etude, pertussis, study

Definitions:
study: To review materials already learned in order to make sure one does not forget them, usually in preparation for an examination.
pertussis: Whooping cough.
etude: A short piece of music, designed to give a performer practice in a particular area or skill.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:welH- — "to roll, to undulate"
Divergent English descendants: vallum, valve, volume

Definitions:
vallum: A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification.
volume: A three-dimensional measure of space that comprises a length, a width and a height. It is measured in units of cubic centimeters in metric, cubic inches or cubic feet in English measurement.
valve: A device that controls the flow of a gas or fluid through a pipe.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:weyk- — "to sift, separate"
Divergent English descendants: icon, victim

Definitions:
icon: An image, symbol, picture, portrait, or other representation usually as an object of religious devotion.
victim: One that is harmed—killed, injured, subjected to oppression, deceived, or otherwise adversely affected—by someone or something, especially another person or event, force, or condition; in particular:
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:h₂erk- — "to protect, guard, hold, lock"
Divergent English descendants: arch, ogre

Definitions:
arch: An inverted U shape.
ogre: A type of brutish giant from folk tales that eats human flesh.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:kh₂em- — "to bend, to curve"
Divergent English descendants: camber, campus, champ

Definitions:
camber: A slight convexity, arching or curvature of a surface of a road, beam, roof, ship's deck etc., so that liquids will flow off the sides.
champ: Clipping of champion.
campus: The grounds or property of a school, college, university, business, church, or hospital, often understood to include buildings and other structures.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:delh₁- — "to split, divide"
Divergent English descendants: dolium, dolour

Definitions:
dolium: A large earthenware vessel used for the storage and transportation of goods in the ancient Western Mediterranean.
dolour: Anguish, grief, misery, or sorrow.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:méǵh₂yōs — "bigger, greater"
Divergent English descendants: magis, major, mayor

Definitions:
major: Greater in dignity, rank, importance, significance, or interest.
mayor: The chief executive of the municipal government of a city, borough, etc., formerly (historical) usually appointed as a caretaker by European royal courts but now usually appointed or elected locally.
magis: The philosophy of striving to do more for Jesus Christ, associated with Ignatian spirituality and the Society of Jesus.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:ténos — "extension"
Divergent English descendants: tender, tenor

Definitions:
tender: Sensitive or painful to the touch.
tenor: A musical range or section higher than bass and lower than alto.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:tn̥tós — "stretched, extended"
Divergent English descendants: tent, tenure

Definitions:
tenure: A status of possessing a thing or an office; an incumbency.
tent: A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, used for sheltering people from the weather.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:ḱers- — "to run"
Divergent English descendants: corpse, course, hurry

Definitions:
hurry: Rushed action.
corpse: A dead body, especially that of a human as opposed to an animal.
course: A sequence of events.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:h₂reh₁- — "to think, reason"
Divergent English descendants: rate, ratify

Definitions:
rate: The worth of something; value.
ratify: To give formal consent to; make officially valid, sign off on.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:ǵem- — "to marry"
Divergent English descendants: gender, genre

Definitions:
genre: A kind; a stylistic category or sort, especially of literature or other artworks.
gender: Class; kind.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:tum- — "to swell"
Divergent English descendants: tumor, tumult, tumulus

Definitions:
tumulus: A mound of earth, especially one placed over a prehistoric tomb; a barrow.
tumult: Confused, agitated noise as made by a crowd.
tumor: An abnormal growth; differential diagnosis includes abscess, metaplasia, and neoplasia.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:bʰel- — "to sound; to speak, roar, bark"
Divergent English descendants: flame, fleam, foal, follis, fool, phlegm

Definitions:
phlegm: One of the four humors making up the body in ancient and mediaeval medicine; said to be cold and moist, and often identified with mucus.
foal: A young horse or other equine, especially just after birth or less than a year old.
fleam: A sharp instrument used to open a vein, to lance gums, or the like.
follis: A large bronze coin minted during the Roman Empire.
flame: The visible part of fire; a stream of burning vapour or gas, emitting light and heat.
fool: A person with poor judgment or little intelligence.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:temh₁- — "to cut"
Divergent English descendants: tmesis, tome

Definitions:
tome: One in a series of volumes.
tmesis: The insertion of one or more words between the components of a compound word.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:sh₂éytlom — "lifetime, lifespan"
Divergent English descendants: saeculum, secle

Definitions:
saeculum: A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population:
secle: A century.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:ǵʰeh₂- — "to yawn, gape"
Divergent English descendants: chaos, gain

Definitions:
gain: To acquire possession of.
chaos: The unordered state of matter in classical accounts of cosmogony.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:ḱes- — "to cut."
Divergent English descendants: caste, castrum, chaste

Definitions:
castrum: Among the Ancient Romans, a building or plot of land used as a military defensive position.
chaste: Synonym of pure and virtuous, particularly
caste: Any of the hereditary social classes and subclasses of South Asian societies or similar found historically in other cultures.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:lewǵ- — "break (off), shatter"
Divergent English descendants: lynx, ounce

Definitions:
lynx: Any of several medium-sized wild cats, mostly of the genus Lynx.
ounce: An avoirdupois ounce, weighing ¹⁄₁₆ of an avoirdupois pound, or 28.349523125 grams.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:h₁élḱos — "sore, ulcer"
Divergent English descendants: ulcer, ulcus

Definitions:
ulcer: An open sore of the skin, eyes or mucous membrane, often caused by an initial abrasion and generally maintained by an inflammation and/or an infection.
ulcus: A rounded, pore-like aperture at either pole of a pollen grain.
Etymological root: Proto-Indo-European:kripsós — "curly"
Divergent English descendants: crepe, crisp

Definitions:
crisp: Senses relating to curliness.
crepe: A flat round pancake-like pastry from Lower Brittany, made with wheat.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:διάβολος — "slanderous; libellous"
Divergent English descendants: diablo, diabolus

Definitions:
diablo: the devil
diabolus: Synonym of tritone.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:θησαυρός — "treasure"
Divergent English descendants: thesaurus, treasure

Definitions:
thesaurus: A publication that provides synonyms (and sometimes antonyms and other semantic relations) for the words of a given language.
treasure: A collection of valuable things; accumulated wealth; a stock of money, jewels, etc.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:ἄνθραξ — "charcoal"
Divergent English descendants: anthracene, anthracite, anthrax

Definitions:
anthracite: A form of carbonized ancient plants; the hardest and cleanest-burning of all the coals.
anthrax: An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.
anthracene: A tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (an acene containing three fused rings) obtained from coal tar; used in the manufacture of wood preservatives, insecticides and the dye alizarin; it is isomeric with phenanthrene.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:ἔκστασις — "displacement from proper place"
Divergent English descendants: ecstasy, ekstasis

Definitions:
ekstasis: The state of being beside oneself or rapt out of oneself.
ecstasy: Intense pleasure.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:γάμος — "marriage, wedding, bridelock"
Divergent English descendants: aetheogam, bigamy

Definitions:
aetheogam: A cryptogam; a plant of the obsolete taxonomic class Cryptogamia, having neither stamina nor pistils, and therefore no proper flowers, such as an alga, fern, fungus, lichen or moss.
bigamy: The state of having two (legal or illegal) spouses simultaneously.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:ποίησις — "poetry, poem"
Divergent English descendants: poesy, poiesis

Definitions:
poesy: A poem.
poiesis: An act or process of creation.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:πάνθηρ — "panther"
Divergent English descendants: panter, panther, pantle

Definitions:
panter: One who pants.
panther: Any of various big cats with black fur; most especially, the black-coated leopard of Africa and Asia.
pantle: Alternative form of panter (“A net or noose for catching birds”) applying only to snares or gins made of hair.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:ὕλη — "wood, trees, forest"
Divergent English descendants: isle, ylem

Definitions:
isle: An island, usually very small. Compare with islet.
ylem: In the Big Bang theory, the hot and dense plasma that made up the matter in the cosmos following the initial baryogenesis at an early stage of its expansion and cooling, from which the first atoms formed and photons decoupled. The emission of photons in this phase is regarded as the source of the cosmic microwave background.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:χάρτης — "sheet of paper, paper"
Divergent English descendants: card, charter

Definitions:
charter: A document issued by some authority, creating a public or private institution, and defining its purposes and privileges.
card: A playing card.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:βάσις — "stepping, step; (collective) steps"
Divergent English descendants: abase, barse, base, basis

Definitions:
barse: The perch; any of various marine and freshwater fish resembling the perch.
basis: A physical base or foundation.
abase: To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate.
base: Something from which other things extend; a foundation.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:περιστερά — "pigeon, dove"
Divergent English descendants: peristerion, peristerite, peristeropodous

Definitions:
peristeropodous: Having feet like those of a pigeon; said of those gallinaceous birds that rest on all four toes, such as curassows and megapodes.
peristerion: The herb vervain (Verbena officinalis).
peristerite: A variety of albite, whitish and slightly iridescent.
Etymological root: Ancient Greek:αὐτόματος — "self-willed, unbidden"
Divergent English descendants: automatic, automation

Definitions:
automation: The act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls.
automatic: Capable of operating without external control or intervention.