Pembiasan
caption: Pembiasan gelombang-gelombang cahaya di air. Persegi gelap menunjukkan posisi sebenarnya sebatang pensil yang diletakkan dalam semangkuk air. Persegi terang menunjukkan posisi tampak dari pensil itu. Perhatikan bahwa ujungnya (X) seakan-akan terlihat di Y, posisi yang jelas lebih dangkal.
caption: The straw appears to be broken, due to refraction of light as it emerges into the air.
caption: A calcite crystal laid upon a paper with some letters showing the double refraction
caption: A gradient-index lens with a parabolic variation of refractive index ( n ) with radial distance ( x ). The lens focuses light in the same way as a conventional lens.
caption: A comparison of refraction in a left-handed metamaterial to that in a normal material