On the Continental front, Henry II allied with German Protestant princes at the Treaty of Chambord in 1552. An early offensive into Lorraine was successful, with Henry capturing the three episcopal cities of Metz, Toul, and Verdun, and securing them by defeating the invading Habsburg army at the Battle of Renty in 1554. However, the French invasion of Tuscany in 1553, in support of Siena attacked by an imperial‐Tuscany army, was defeated at the Battle of Marciano by Gian Giacomo Medici in 1554. Siena fell in 1555 and eventually became part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany founded by Cosimo I de' Medici. The Treaty of Vaucelles was signed on 5 February 1556 between Philip II of Spain and Henry II of France. Based on the terms of the treaty, the territory of the Franche-Comté was relinquished to Philip. However, the treaty was broken shortly afterwards. After Charles' abdication in 1556 split the Habsburg empire between Philip II of Spain and Ferdinand I, the focus of the war shifted to Flanders, where Philip, in conjunction with Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, defeated the French at St. Quentin. England's entry into the war later that year led to the French capture of Calais, and French armies plundered Spanish possessions in the Low Countries. Nonetheless, Henry was forced to accept a peace agreement in which he renounced any further claims to Italy. The wars ended for other reasons, including the Double Default of 1557, when the Spanish Empire, followed quickly by the French, defaulted on its debts. In addition, Henry had to confront a growing Protestant movement at home, which he hoped to crush.

Question: What occurred first, the French invasion of Tuscany, or the Double Default?
Answer: the French invasion of Tuscany

Question: Which country, in addition to the French, defaulted on their debts in 1557?
Answer: Spanish Empire

Question: How many leaders were responsible for defeating the French at St. Quentin?
Answer: 2

Question: What area changed hands as part of the Treaty of Vaucelles?
Answer: territory of the Franche-Comté

Question: What nation's army was defeated at the Battle of Marciano?
Answer: French

Question: Who defeated the French at St. Quentin?
Answer: Philip

Question: Which event happened first, The Treaty of Vaucelles or the Double Default?
Answer: Treaty of Vaucelles

Question: Which happened earlier, the Treaty of Chambord or the Battle of Renty?
Answer: the Treaty of Chambord

Question: Which happened later, the Battle of Marciano or the Treaty of Chambord?
Answer: the Battle of Marciano

Question: Which treaty happened earlier, the Treaty of Chambord or the Treaty of Vaucelles?
Answer: the Treaty of Chambord

Question: Which two groups or individuals were part of the Treaty of Chambord?
Answer: Henry II, German Protestant princes

Question: Leaders of which two countries were involved in the Treaty of Vaucelles?
Answer: Spain, France

Question: What happened earlier, the Double Default by Spain on debts or the Battle of Renty?
Answer: the Battle of Renty

Question: Which occurred first, the Treaty of Chambord or Charles' abdication?
Answer: the Treaty of Chambord

Question: How many years before the Double Default did Siena fall?
Answer: 2

Question: What happened first: Battle of Renty or French invasion of Tuscany?
Answer: French invasion of Tuscany

Question: What happened second: Battle of Renty or French invasion of Tuscany?
Answer: Battle of Renty

Question: What happened first: Battle of Marciano or Treaty of Vaucelles was signed?
Answer: Battle of Marciano

Question: What happened second: Battle of Marciano or Treaty of Vaucelles was signed?
Answer: Treaty of Vaucelles

Question: The Treaty of Chambord was how many years before Charles' abdication
Answer: 4

Question: Siena fell how many years after the Treaty of Chambord?
Answer: 2