Union of India and Ors. …… Respondents WITH CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3286 OF 2009 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3287 OF 2009 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3288 OF 2009 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3289 OF 2009 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3290 OF 2009 JUDGMENT R.M. LODHA, J. Introduction This group of six appeals occupied considerable judicial time. These matters were heard on ten days between November 2, 2011 and November 29, 2011. Although the facts differ from one another in some respects but since fundamental issues appeared to be common and all these matters arise from a common judgment dated April 4, 2007 passed by the Division Bench of the Jharkhand High Court at Ranchi, we have heard all these matters together which are being disposed of by this common judgment. Prayers 2. The prayers in the writ petitions filed by the appellants before the High Court also differ. However, principally the reliefs prayed for by the appellants in their writ petitions were for quashing (i) the decision of the Department of Mines and Geology, Government of Jharkhand contained in the letter dated September 13, 2005 whereby the State Government sought to withdraw the recommendation for grant of mining lease made in favour of the appellants in the subject iron ore bearing areas in Mauza Ghatkuri, West Singhbhum District, Jharkhand (ii) the order of the Ministry of Mines, Government of India whereunder the said Ministry returned the recommendation made by Government of Jharkhand in favour of each of the appellants (iii) for declaring the Notifications dated December 21, 1962 and February 28, 1969 issued by the Government of Bihar and the Notification dated October 27, 2006 issued by the Government of Jharkhand null and void and (iv) directing the respondents to proceed under Rule 59(2) of the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 (for short, ‘1960 Rules’) for grant of mining lease to each of the appellants in the iron ore bearing areas in Ghatkuri as applied. Bihar Land Reforms Act 3. Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950 (for short, ‘1950 Bihar Act’) came to be enacted by the Bihar Legislature to provide for the transference to the State of the interest of proprietors and tenure holders in land of the mortgagees and lessees of such interest including interest in mines and minerals and other matters connected therewith. It came into force on September 25, 1950. Chapter II of the 1950 Bihar Act deals with vesting of an estate or tenure in the State and its consequences. The State Government has been empowered under Section 3 to declare that the estates or tenures of a proprietor or tenure holder, as may be specified in the notification/s from time to time, to become vested in the State. Section 4 provides for consequences of vesting of an estate or tenure in the State. Section 4 has undergone amendments on few occasions. To the extent it is relevant, Section 4 of the 1950 Bihar Act reads as follows : “4. Consequences of the vesting of an estate or tenure in the State.—Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force or any contract and notwithstanding any non compliance or irregular compliance of the provisions…………..on the publication of the notification under subsection (1), of section 3 or subsection (1) or subsection (2) of section 3A, the following consequences shall ensue and shall be deemed always to have ensued, namely; a) Such estate or tenure including the interests of the proprietor or tenureholder in any building or part of a building comprised in such estate or tenure ……… as also his interest in all sub soil including any rights in mines and minerals whether discovered or undiscovered or whether been worked or not, inclusive of such rights of a lessee of mines and minerals, comprised in such estate are tenure (other than the interests of raiyats or under raiyats) shall, with