1
00:00:15,200 --> 00:00:17,420
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Today we are going to

2
00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:23,540
continue with adjectives in English and Arabic We

3
00:00:23,540 --> 00:00:26,540
spoke last time about the definition of adjectives

4
00:00:27,370 --> 00:00:31,450
And we mentioned that they modify nouns and

5
00:00:31,450 --> 00:00:36,590
pronouns. Okay? They can be predicative or

6
00:00:36,590 --> 00:00:40,270
attributive. In case of being predicative, they

7
00:00:40,270 --> 00:00:44,810
post-modify the noun or the pronoun. Say, the noun

8
00:00:44,810 --> 00:00:50,730
phrase. In case of being attributive, they pre

9
00:00:50,730 --> 00:00:56,060
-modify the noun phrase. Okay? And we cited

10
00:00:56,060 --> 00:01:01,260
examples as those which you see just now in the

11
00:01:01,260 --> 00:01:07,400
slide. We have different types of adjectives,

12
00:01:08,240 --> 00:01:12,520
different morphological types, either we have

13
00:01:12,520 --> 00:01:17,720
solid compounds or hyphenated compounds as you

14
00:01:17,720 --> 00:01:23,980
see, hyphenated adjectives or solid adjectives or

15
00:01:26,110 --> 00:01:30,730
one-word adjective. So morphologically, we have

16
00:01:30,730 --> 00:01:34,790
different types. Syntactically, we have adjectives

17
00:01:34,790 --> 00:01:41,910
in the form of a word, a noun, or adjective, or

18
00:01:41,910 --> 00:01:45,270
pronoun, either universal pronoun, or partitive

19
00:01:45,270 --> 00:01:49,410
pronoun, or possessive pronoun, or even numeral,

20
00:01:49,970 --> 00:01:53,930
number. As we've seen last time,

21
00:01:56,740 --> 00:01:59,600
For the position of the adjective, we mentioned

22
00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:04,540
that they can pre-modify, they precede the noun or

23
00:02:04,540 --> 00:02:07,560
they follow the noun. At that case, they are

24
00:02:07,560 --> 00:02:14,520
called predicative adjectives. In this regard, we

25
00:02:14,520 --> 00:02:17,300
mentioned just two adjectives as I said,

26
00:02:17,700 --> 00:02:20,660
attributive adjectives and predicative adjectives.

27
00:02:22,410 --> 00:02:24,970
We mentioned that we have some sort of exceptions

28
00:02:24,970 --> 00:02:31,110
for some adjectives which they always stand as

29
00:02:31,110 --> 00:02:35,770
predicative adjectives, such as general, secretary

30
00:02:35,770 --> 00:02:38,570
general, president-elect,

31
00:02:41,310 --> 00:02:47,270
court-martial, god-almighty, poet laureate,

32
00:02:48,090 --> 00:02:50,690
attorney general, director general,

33
00:02:55,660 --> 00:02:59,860
okay these partitive pronouns or universal

34
00:02:59,860 --> 00:03:02,380
pronouns that means something partitive pronoun

35
00:03:02,380 --> 00:03:08,200
everything this is universal pronoun okay plus

36
00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:13,660
other pronouns they stand as adjectives as we

37
00:03:13,660 --> 00:03:20,480
mentioned last time okay

38
00:03:22,330 --> 00:03:24,670
Regarding the types of adjectives, we mentioned

39
00:03:24,670 --> 00:03:28,190
the proper adjectives, I mean the nouns, the

40
00:03:28,190 --> 00:03:31,550
adjectives which are derived from nouns.

41
00:03:32,130 --> 00:03:37,810
Palestine, Palestinians. Norway, Norwegian.

42
00:03:38,850 --> 00:03:47,170
America, American. Iraq, Iraqi. Islam, Islamic.

43
00:03:48,150 --> 00:03:51,360
Okay? We also mentioned what is called the

44
00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:53,600
attributive adjective, number two.

45
00:03:56,840 --> 00:04:00,780
Then the predicative adjectives, and every one of

46
00:04:00,780 --> 00:04:06,920
these has its own types, okay?

47
00:04:11,990 --> 00:04:14,770
So these are the types of the attributive

48
00:04:14,770 --> 00:04:18,010
adjectives. For the order of adjectives also, we

49
00:04:18,010 --> 00:04:21,750
mentioned that we have specific system for the

50
00:04:21,750 --> 00:04:25,450
adjectives. They cannot be written spontaneously

51
00:04:25,450 --> 00:04:29,870
in the sentence. Here we have a point of

52
00:04:29,870 --> 00:04:33,310
difference between English and Arabic adjectives.

53
00:04:33,990 --> 00:04:37,590
In English, as you see, we have systematic order

54
00:04:37,590 --> 00:04:44,070
of adjectives starting with determiner then size

55
00:04:44,070 --> 00:04:52,410
etc however in Arabic we have yes

56
00:04:52,410 --> 00:04:56,470
the Arabic language the Arabic language doesn't

57
00:04:56,470 --> 00:05:00,250
have systematic system for the order of adjectives

58
00:05:00,250 --> 00:05:04,250
it depends on their importance in the sentence so

59
00:05:04,250 --> 00:05:07,930
we start with the most important adjective

60
00:05:07,930 --> 00:05:12,990
followed by the less important ones. Okay.

61
00:05:20,750 --> 00:05:26,270
As you see, we have the

62
00:05:26,270 --> 00:05:29,690
package is small and light. The weather is clear,

63
00:05:29,890 --> 00:05:35,130
cold and dry. Okay. The foot, the footstool is

64
00:05:35,130 --> 00:05:38,440
round and black. we have systematic system

65
00:05:38,440 --> 00:05:41,920
morphologically or syntactically we have to

66
00:05:41,920 --> 00:05:44,340
differentiate or to separate between these

67
00:05:44,340 --> 00:05:48,720
adjectives by using punctuation mark mainly the

68
00:05:48,720 --> 00:05:52,220
comma okay if you have two adjectives then we have

69
00:05:52,220 --> 00:05:56,000
to separate between them by using a comma if you

70
00:05:56,000 --> 00:05:58,840
have three then you use a comma between the first

71
00:05:58,840 --> 00:06:02,800
two then the conjunctions or the coordinator and

72
00:06:02,800 --> 00:06:03,740
okay

73
00:06:07,590 --> 00:06:10,070
It's for the predicative adjective. And this is

74
00:06:10,070 --> 00:06:14,030
also for... is applicable or it corresponds to

75
00:06:14,030 --> 00:06:17,710
what is called predicative adjective. However, if

76
00:06:17,710 --> 00:06:21,530
you have two adjectives standing as both modifiers

77
00:06:21,530 --> 00:06:25,010
of the noun, then we connect between them by using

78
00:06:25,010 --> 00:06:28,750
the connector and. The footstool is round and

79
00:06:28,750 --> 00:06:32,730
black. Teacher. Yes. What do you mean by order of

80
00:06:32,730 --> 00:06:36,700
adjectives exactly? The classification of the

81
00:06:36,700 --> 00:06:39,660
adjectives in the sentence. Sometimes you have

82
00:06:39,660 --> 00:06:43,600
three adjectives modifying one noun. How could you

83
00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:48,000
classify them? You classify them according to

84
00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:52,620
their semantic types. Okay? We have an adjective

85
00:06:52,620 --> 00:06:56,920
denoting size, another adjective denoting color,

86
00:06:57,740 --> 00:07:04,870
the third adjective denoting shape. Age, quantity

87
00:07:04,870 --> 00:07:08,710
for example, frequency, temperature, humidity,

88
00:07:09,070 --> 00:07:12,850
etc. So they are classified systematically.

89
00:07:17,890 --> 00:07:20,850
We have some adjectives that stand as predicative,

90
00:07:21,090 --> 00:07:24,130
as we mentioned last time, like afloat, asleep,

91
00:07:24,550 --> 00:07:30,230
alone, alive, afraid, aglow. Okay? These are

92
00:07:30,230 --> 00:07:33,170
always predicative. Okay?

93
00:07:38,850 --> 00:07:44,570
Okay? Now, once you have the predicative and

94
00:07:44,570 --> 00:07:49,190
attributive adjectives in the sentence, Okay? You

95
00:07:49,190 --> 00:07:56,050
have certain order for each one. Some nouns can be

96
00:07:56,050 --> 00:08:01,750
both modified and pre-modified by adjectives. Some

97
00:08:01,750 --> 00:08:05,450
nouns accept both predicative adjectives and

98
00:08:05,450 --> 00:08:10,470
attributive adjectives. But here, the position of

99
00:08:10,470 --> 00:08:13,330
the adjective changes the meaning of the sentence.

100
00:08:13,730 --> 00:08:17,730
The treasurer was present. The prison treasurer.

101
00:08:18,290 --> 00:08:22,930
So, we have different meanings in the two

102
00:08:22,930 --> 00:08:26,670
sentences. As we mentioned last time, Robin Harris

103
00:08:26,670 --> 00:08:31,250
was late. The late Robin Harris. Robin Harris كان

104
00:08:31,250 --> 00:08:34,770
متأخرا. The late Robin Harris. Robin Harris

105
00:08:34,770 --> 00:08:43,650
الراحل. Okay? So, yes. My friend is poor. صديقي

106
00:08:43,650 --> 00:08:52,850
فقير my poor friend صديقي مسكين okay so

107
00:08:52,850 --> 00:08:55,490
as you see the meaning changes according to the

108
00:08:55,490 --> 00:08:59,890
position of the adjective we terminated last time

109
00:08:59,890 --> 00:09:04,230
on what is called interpolated adjectives these

110
00:09:04,230 --> 00:09:07,590
adjectives which are stated or placed in the

111
00:09:07,590 --> 00:09:10,970
sentence spontaneously okay

112
00:09:15,070 --> 00:09:17,730
We don't check at last line picture this. Sorry?

113
00:09:18,050 --> 00:09:20,790
We don't check this thing. Yes. Yes. We are going

114
00:09:20,790 --> 00:09:26,310
to explain this just now. Okay? So we have

115
00:09:26,310 --> 00:09:31,310
adjectives denoting or indicating color. These can

116
00:09:31,310 --> 00:09:34,590
be placed elsewhere in a sentence. It cannot be

117
00:09:34,590 --> 00:09:44,240
put just after size or age. The child, happy and

118
00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:49,640
excited, ran along the beach. You can say the

119
00:09:49,640 --> 00:09:53,920
happy and excited child ran along the beach. Okay?

120
00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:56,920
The child, happy and excited. This is called

121
00:09:56,920 --> 00:10:00,780
interpolated adjectives. Yeah, you can put it

122
00:10:00,780 --> 00:10:04,620
wherever you like in the sentence. Okay? For the

123
00:10:04,620 --> 00:10:11,380
sake of focus or emphasis. Startled. This is at

124
00:10:11,380 --> 00:10:14,060
the beginning. We've seen it in the middle of the

125
00:10:14,060 --> 00:10:18,340
sentence, happy and excited. Then we see it in the

126
00:10:18,340 --> 00:10:20,820
beginning of the sentence, initial position,

127
00:10:21,620 --> 00:10:26,720
startle the small yellow bird, stop singing. Okay?

128
00:10:27,500 --> 00:10:30,600
So this is called focus. We focus on the

129
00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:35,520
adjective, the quality of the bird itself.

130
00:10:39,510 --> 00:10:43,330
Yes, it is an adjective. It's past participle

131
00:10:43,330 --> 00:10:49,670
form. Tense, expectant and alert, we waited to see

132
00:10:49,670 --> 00:10:57,130
what would happen. So, we focus on the status of

133
00:10:57,130 --> 00:11:02,620
the noun or of the person. tense, expectant and

134
00:11:02,620 --> 00:11:07,520
alert. We waited. Who are tense, expectant and

135
00:11:07,520 --> 00:11:12,500
alert? This is we. Okay? So, we put them in the

136
00:11:12,500 --> 00:11:15,940
beginning of the sentence. This is called focus.

137
00:11:16,540 --> 00:11:21,320
Okay? It's for emphasis. So, you have the quality

138
00:11:21,320 --> 00:11:25,240
of moving the adjective wherever.

139
00:11:27,150 --> 00:11:31,190
available in the sentence okay just for emphasis

140
00:11:31,190 --> 00:11:35,050
or say focus okay in that sense it is called

141
00:11:35,050 --> 00:11:41,430
interpolated adjective we

142
00:11:41,430 --> 00:11:46,210
have number five so interpolated adjectives are

143
00:11:46,210 --> 00:11:50,110
number four Okay, we spoke about proper

144
00:11:50,110 --> 00:11:56,290
adjectives, spoke about attributive, predicative,

145
00:11:56,890 --> 00:12:00,630
then interpolated, and now we are speaking about

146
00:12:00,630 --> 00:12:03,910
the adjectival phrases and clauses in the

147
00:12:03,910 --> 00:12:11,090
sentence. Yes. Interpolated. Yes. We can move the

148
00:12:11,090 --> 00:12:14,630
same adjective in the same sentence in the

149
00:12:14,630 --> 00:12:18,640
beginning Yes, it depends on the meaning you need

150
00:12:18,640 --> 00:12:21,760
to convey to the listener, to the receiver.

151
00:12:26,360 --> 00:12:30,520
It's up to you to use it wherever you like. For

152
00:12:30,520 --> 00:12:34,660
example, the happy and excited child ran along the

153
00:12:34,660 --> 00:12:39,100
beach. This is normal sentence. Okay. We can say

154
00:12:39,100 --> 00:12:43,100
the child happy and excited. We speak about his

155
00:12:43,100 --> 00:12:47,870
condition, his status. We focus only on, not on

156
00:12:47,870 --> 00:12:55,230
the child, but on his condition. Okay? So this is

157
00:12:55,230 --> 00:12:59,530
called interpolated. You move it wherever you

158
00:12:59,530 --> 00:13:04,990
like, but you change the meaning. Okay? Here, we

159
00:13:04,990 --> 00:13:07,950
have a difference between a happy and excited

160
00:13:07,950 --> 00:13:08,590
child.

161
00:13:18,970 --> 00:13:23,010
And we have a difference between the happy and

162
00:13:23,010 --> 00:13:26,930
excited child and the child happy and excited.

163
00:13:28,390 --> 00:13:32,370
Okay? So the focus is on the adjective in the

164
00:13:32,370 --> 00:13:35,070
second sentence. However, the first sentence is

165
00:13:35,070 --> 00:13:37,270
normal. The focus is on the child himself.

166
00:13:38,470 --> 00:13:46,570
Startled, the focus is on the condition. Okay? The

167
00:13:46,570 --> 00:13:49,870
adjective, small yellow bird stopped singing.

168
00:13:51,350 --> 00:13:55,190
Okay? So we, the listener, now the speaker draws

169
00:13:55,190 --> 00:14:00,030
the attention of the listener on the status of the

170
00:14:00,030 --> 00:14:03,710
bird started. The next sentence, as you see, we

171
00:14:03,710 --> 00:14:07,010
can say the small yellow started bird stopped

172
00:14:07,010 --> 00:14:12,770
singing. Okay? Tense, expectant and alert. These

173
00:14:12,770 --> 00:14:18,580
are modifiers for the noun phrase or the pronoun,

174
00:14:19,080 --> 00:14:25,200
we. Okay? So they come at the beginning of the

175
00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:30,700
sentence before the subject just for focus on the

176
00:14:30,700 --> 00:14:35,840
condition of the subject. You see?

177
00:14:40,900 --> 00:14:43,760
We have adjectives, phrases and clauses number

178
00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:49,010
five as you see. The one on the desk is mine. You

179
00:14:49,010 --> 00:14:55,890
see the one, this one is mine. We speak about the

180
00:14:55,890 --> 00:15:01,250
adverbial clause. It can be preposition phrase,

181
00:15:02,050 --> 00:15:06,610
can be a noun phrase, can have different form, the

182
00:15:06,610 --> 00:15:10,330
adverbial clause or phrase. So the one on the desk

183
00:15:10,330 --> 00:15:16,130
is mine. On the desk, represents semantically an

184
00:15:16,130 --> 00:15:20,590
adjective. The chair which was placed in front of

185
00:15:20,590 --> 00:15:29,790
the window was a higher loom. Okay? So, we have

186
00:15:29,790 --> 00:15:35,270
long adjectival phrase, adjectival clause, which

187
00:15:35,270 --> 00:15:38,850
was placed in front of the window. The chair which

188
00:15:38,850 --> 00:15:43,700
was placed in front of the window was a higherwas

189
00:15:43,700 --> 00:15:49,180
an heirloom, okay? موروث يعني. Those who decide to

190
00:15:49,180 --> 00:15:54,020
come will not be disappointed. Those who decide to

191
00:15:54,020 --> 00:15:59,320
come will not be disappointed. Okay? Who decide to

192
00:15:59,320 --> 00:16:00,580
come adjectives are closed.

193
00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:08,460
We have present participle number six standing as

194
00:16:08,460 --> 00:16:13,900
an adjective. The falling star. The barking dog.

195
00:16:14,980 --> 00:16:18,940
Falling. Barking. This is present participle.

196
00:16:19,200 --> 00:16:21,940
Standing here as adjective.

197
00:16:27,420 --> 00:16:31,520
So, for the order of adjectives, we speak about

198
00:16:31,520 --> 00:16:36,400
six types of adjectives. These can be ordered in

199
00:16:36,400 --> 00:16:40,440
the sentence in this form. We start with the

200
00:16:40,440 --> 00:16:46,460
terminal. The terminals are adjectives, then size,

201
00:16:47,060 --> 00:16:53,560
shape, age, color, origin, material, qualifier.

202
00:17:00,700 --> 00:17:05,880
We have adjectives coming in the form of past

203
00:17:05,880 --> 00:17:13,230
participle. The scattered leaves. The broken drum.

204
00:17:15,270 --> 00:17:18,510
The stolen ring.

205
00:17:21,670 --> 00:17:24,590
The readable sheet.

206
00:17:27,470 --> 00:17:32,610
Okay? The readable is different. Okay? We spoke

207
00:17:32,610 --> 00:17:37,050
about stolen. This is past participle. Scattered.

208
00:17:37,290 --> 00:17:41,310
This is past participle. Okay? The read article.

209
00:17:42,750 --> 00:17:48,190
Red is an adjective, past participle, okay? But

210
00:17:48,190 --> 00:17:53,310
not readable. We have what is called dangling

211
00:17:53,310 --> 00:17:54,490
participles.

212
00:17:56,670 --> 00:18:04,190
Okay? These adjectives are used as predicative and

213
00:18:04,190 --> 00:18:05,670
attributive adjectives.

214
00:18:09,050 --> 00:18:12,880
Once used in the beginning of the sentence, I mean

215
00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:17,120
the present participle or the past participle. The

216
00:18:17,120 --> 00:18:19,620
adjectives which come in the form of present

217
00:18:19,620 --> 00:18:23,260
participle or past participle, once coming at the

218
00:18:23,260 --> 00:18:25,160
beginning of the sentence, they are called

219
00:18:25,160 --> 00:18:29,740
dangling participles. Feeling hungry, the child

220
00:18:29,740 --> 00:18:34,960
ate an apple. Disconcerted by the news, we headed

221
00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:39,800
for the nearest farmhouse. Okay?

222
00:18:45,750 --> 00:18:48,730
Here, once you say feeling hangry, what does this

223
00:18:48,730 --> 00:18:50,910
adjective modify?

224
00:18:52,450 --> 00:18:59,350
The child. And this concerted by the news, we hid

225
00:18:59,350 --> 00:19:08,170
it for the nearest farmhouse. We is the noun which

226
00:19:08,170 --> 00:19:13,610
is pre-modified by this dangling participle

227
00:19:13,610 --> 00:19:14,230
adjective.

228
00:19:18,510 --> 00:19:24,050
Okay? As we mentioned, the description in the

229
00:19:24,050 --> 00:19:26,830
order of the adjective comes before the

230
00:19:26,830 --> 00:19:33,930
classification. An old political idea. An old

231
00:19:33,930 --> 00:19:36,630
political idea. Once we say old, this is

232
00:19:36,630 --> 00:19:41,110
description. Political idea, geographical idea.

233
00:19:41,970 --> 00:19:47,290
economical idea okay these are classifications so

234
00:19:47,290 --> 00:19:56,630
the description comes before classification we

235
00:19:56,630 --> 00:20:02,490
have description classification noun as an old

236
00:20:02,490 --> 00:20:06,690
political idea not political old idea it's wrong

237
00:20:06,690 --> 00:20:12,850
to say political old idea okay It's, you have to

238
00:20:12,850 --> 00:20:18,710
start with description, then classification. The

239
00:20:18,710 --> 00:20:23,770
latest educational reform. Educational

240
00:20:23,770 --> 00:20:30,630
descriptive. Sorry, latest. Latest description.

241
00:20:31,230 --> 00:20:35,410
Educational classification. Okay? So we cannot say

242
00:20:35,410 --> 00:20:38,110
the educational latest. We have to say latest

243
00:20:38,110 --> 00:20:44,950
educational. A green wine bottle. A green, while,

244
00:20:45,370 --> 00:20:48,670
wine bottle. So green again, it is description.

245
00:20:49,370 --> 00:20:52,290
It's color, but it refers here to description.

246
00:20:53,010 --> 00:20:56,210
Wine, this is classification.

247
00:20:57,250 --> 00:21:01,370
Not of wine, sorry. It's wrong to say wine, green

248
00:21:01,370 --> 00:21:07,590
bottle. Leather dancing shoes. Leather, this is

249
00:21:08,440 --> 00:21:11,420
Description then classification dancing not

250
00:21:11,420 --> 00:21:16,540
dancing leather shoes We have opinion before

251
00:21:16,540 --> 00:21:22,080
description a wonderful a wonderful old house

252
00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:25,160
Wonderful

253
00:21:25,160 --> 00:21:34,540
old house wonderful is opinion Okay How about the

254
00:21:34,540 --> 00:21:39,960
weather today I say it's fantastic Okay? It's

255
00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:44,000
cool. It's hot. It's fine. So this is my opinion.

256
00:21:45,060 --> 00:21:49,940
Okay? So we have opinion adjectives and

257
00:21:49,940 --> 00:21:53,040
description adjectives. The opinion comes before

258
00:21:53,040 --> 00:21:54,320
the description.

259
00:21:57,240 --> 00:22:01,640
So we have words which refer to opinion like

260
00:22:01,640 --> 00:22:05,480
lovely, definite, pure, absolute, extreme,

261
00:22:05,860 --> 00:22:11,660
perfect, wonderful, silly. A lovely, cool drink. A

262
00:22:11,660 --> 00:22:16,960
lovely, this is opinion, cool description.

263
00:22:18,580 --> 00:22:21,440
So we cannot say a cool, lovely drink.

264
00:22:30,420 --> 00:22:33,860
Now, the order of descriptive words is not

265
00:22:33,860 --> 00:22:39,390
completely fixed. We have words for origin and

266
00:22:39,390 --> 00:22:43,330
material usually come last. The words referring to

267
00:22:43,330 --> 00:22:47,730
origin or material come last if you have a number

268
00:22:47,730 --> 00:22:51,530
of adjectives modifying one noun. For example,

269
00:22:52,710 --> 00:22:57,410
size, age, shape, color, origin, material. These

270
00:22:57,410 --> 00:23:02,550
are adjectives pre-modifying one noun. So we call

271
00:23:02,550 --> 00:23:05,520
them predicative or attributive. Attributive.

272
00:23:06,060 --> 00:23:10,840
Attributive. A fat old horse.

273
00:23:13,840 --> 00:23:18,740
Okay. A big new grey Italian woolen sweater boots.

274
00:23:19,560 --> 00:23:20,240
Sorry, boots.

275
00:23:23,060 --> 00:23:27,840
A big new grey Italian woolen sweater boots.

276
00:23:31,460 --> 00:23:37,440
So they are classified as size, age, shape, color,

277
00:23:37,700 --> 00:23:41,660
origin, material, which they describe one now,

278
00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:45,860
boots. Okay? You have numbers.

279
00:23:48,940 --> 00:23:52,980
The number can stand, as I mentioned previously,

280
00:23:53,060 --> 00:23:57,800
as an adjective. Okay? At that sense, it must

281
00:23:57,800 --> 00:24:04,030
precede the adjective itself. So, we have six

282
00:24:04,030 --> 00:24:08,210
large eggs. We cannot say large six eggs. The

283
00:24:08,210 --> 00:24:12,550
second big shock. You cannot say the big second

284
00:24:12,550 --> 00:24:16,710
shock. Okay? So, if you have adjectives, you

285
00:24:16,710 --> 00:24:21,090
start, always the number comes first. The first

286
00:24:21,090 --> 00:24:28,190
three days. So, we have first three days. It is

287
00:24:28,190 --> 00:24:32,510
more common than the three first days. So we start

288
00:24:32,510 --> 00:24:34,970
with cardinal or ordinal number? Cardinal.

289
00:24:34,990 --> 00:24:38,450
Cardinal number first, then ordinal number, which

290
00:24:38,450 --> 00:24:42,950
they stand, both stand as adjectives. So if you

291
00:24:42,950 --> 00:24:45,850
have two numbers, one cardinal and the second

292
00:24:45,850 --> 00:24:49,270
ordinal, then we start with cardinal numbers,

293
00:24:49,550 --> 00:24:54,830
which they appear as adjectives. Okay. My last two

294
00:24:54,830 --> 00:24:55,170
jobs.

295
00:25:04,130 --> 00:25:08,230
Now we come after explaining six types of

296
00:25:08,230 --> 00:25:11,870
adjectives in English, we come to the adjectives

297
00:25:11,870 --> 00:25:16,270
of Arabic. We've seen the order of adjectives that

298
00:25:16,270 --> 00:25:22,690
is rule-based. We have systematic classification

299
00:25:22,690 --> 00:25:27,440
for the adjectives in English. You see? So it is

300
00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:32,200
rule-based system. Yani it is bound to rules, to

301
00:25:32,200 --> 00:25:35,980
grammatical rules. You have to follow. Okay?

302
00:25:36,700 --> 00:25:41,440
English? This is English. However, in Arabic, it

303
00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:44,420
depends. There is no rule for the adjective in

304
00:25:44,420 --> 00:25:50,300
Arabic. What we have is semantic rule relying on

305
00:25:50,300 --> 00:25:57,520
the importance of the adjective. Okay? So

306
00:25:57,520 --> 00:26:00,960
according to the, I mean, the adjectives here are

307
00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:05,060
semantically and contextually ordered according to

308
00:26:05,060 --> 00:26:08,560
their importance in the sentence. He is strong and

309
00:26:08,560 --> 00:26:09,000
honest.

310
00:26:12,980 --> 00:26:17,000
So the

311
00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:22,480
most important description is القوي. Then it

312
00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:27,020
comes, Al-Ameen. So we start with the most

313
00:26:27,020 --> 00:26:33,920
important. It depends on the speaker. Okay? In

314
00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:39,100
praising,

315
00:26:40,580 --> 00:26:48,120
the adjectives start with those which denote

316
00:26:48,120 --> 00:26:48,720
ethics.

317
00:26:55,340 --> 00:26:59,600
We speak about praising. So this means that we

318
00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:03,660
have to speak about or to describe things by using

319
00:27:03,660 --> 00:27:07,340
ethical adjectives or adjectives denoting ethics.

320
00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:12,180
So we start with these ethics or these adjectives

321
00:27:12,180 --> 00:27:14,380
denoting ethics. Okay?

322
00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:22,860
The ethical adjectives also rely on their

323
00:27:22,860 --> 00:27:28,180
importance. So we either start with the first

324
00:27:28,180 --> 00:27:32,120
ethical adjective or the second, the third. It

325
00:27:32,120 --> 00:27:36,300
depends on the importance of the ethical

326
00:27:36,300 --> 00:27:36,880
adjective.

327
00:27:40,740 --> 00:27:45,420
Okay? He's a worshipper or paying, trustful and

328
00:27:45,420 --> 00:27:45,840
charitable.

329
00:27:49,500 --> 00:28:02,080
عبد مطيع صادق أمين متصدق So the most important

330
00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:07,600
adjective is worshiper عابد مدامه عابد يقول أنا

331
00:28:07,600 --> 00:28:13,510
بتوقع أنه يكون أمين يكون صادق يكون متصدق So this

332
00:28:13,510 --> 00:28:17,150
is the most important. Then we have the other

333
00:28:17,150 --> 00:28:21,770
ethical adjectives following one after another

334
00:28:21,770 --> 00:28:25,950
according to their importance. This is what

335
00:28:25,950 --> 00:28:27,510
appears in Arabic.

336
00:28:30,890 --> 00:28:36,670
So in the Holy Quran, Surah At-Tawbah,

337
00:28:39,490 --> 00:28:44,150
التائبون العابدون الحامدون السائحون الراقعون

338
00:28:44,150 --> 00:28:48,870
الساجدون الآمرون بالمعروف وانهون عن المنكر

339
00:28:48,870 --> 00:28:55,110
والحافظون لحدود الله وبشر المؤمنين how many types

340
00:28:55,110 --> 00:28:58,850
of adjectives or how many adjectives appear in

341
00:28:58,850 --> 00:29:01,410
this verse that describes only one noun we speak

342
00:29:01,410 --> 00:29:07,280
about التائبون the repentants okay We have nine

343
00:29:07,280 --> 00:29:10,740
adjectives starting with العبدون. The worship.

344
00:29:11,780 --> 00:29:16,400
Yes, we start with التائبون. Yes. Okay, this is an

345
00:29:16,400 --> 00:29:25,940
adjective. Then عبد, then حامد. Okay, then follows

346
00:29:25,940 --> 00:29:30,640
the other adjectives. Okay, so we start Now we

347
00:29:30,640 --> 00:29:35,740
have two choices for the order of adjectives in

348
00:29:35,740 --> 00:29:40,680
Arabic. If you have a number of adjectives, it

349
00:29:40,680 --> 00:29:46,140
depends on their importance. We speak about normal

350
00:29:46,140 --> 00:29:49,760
adjectives. However, if you have adjectives

351
00:29:49,760 --> 00:29:55,000
denoting ethics, manners, then we start with the

352
00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:59,310
most important characteristic. followed by the

353
00:29:59,310 --> 00:30:03,590
next important characteristic and end with the

354
00:30:03,590 --> 00:30:07,390
least important characteristic. Okay? So, we have

355
00:30:07,390 --> 00:30:10,190
what is called importance. According to the

356
00:30:10,190 --> 00:30:14,530
importance of the adjective, we classify it in the

357
00:30:14,530 --> 00:30:18,530
sentence. This is Arabic. However, in English, we

358
00:30:18,530 --> 00:30:24,600
met with specific rules as we've seen. Okay? Yes.

359
00:30:26,780 --> 00:30:35,960
You start with

360
00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:39,740
the most generic adjective, then the most

361
00:30:39,740 --> 00:30:42,660
specific. No, all of them are specific. They

362
00:30:42,660 --> 00:30:47,760
modify one noun, okay? But the most important one

363
00:30:47,760 --> 00:30:51,960
comes first. The most important for this guy is to

364
00:30:51,960 --> 00:30:58,060
be repentant first. How it could be worshipper

365
00:30:58,060 --> 00:30:59,420
without being repentant?

366
00:31:08,750 --> 00:31:14,190
These are specific adjectives

367
00:31:14,190 --> 00:31:18,790
denoting or describing one noun. All of them

368
00:31:18,790 --> 00:31:22,830
modifying one noun. They are most important. They

369
00:31:22,830 --> 00:31:29,050
are all specific. They modify the same person. But

370
00:31:29,050 --> 00:31:31,650
we just classify them according to their

371
00:31:31,650 --> 00:31:36,190
importance. So all of them are specific, not

372
00:31:36,190 --> 00:31:36,490
generic.

373
00:31:43,190 --> 00:31:48,830
It depends on the speaker. You decide. You as a

374
00:31:48,830 --> 00:31:51,390
speaker, once you describe things, you start with

375
00:31:51,390 --> 00:31:55,070
the most important thing from your own viewpoint.

376
00:31:56,630 --> 00:32:02,030
You see? So, we have the speaker himself or the

377
00:32:02,030 --> 00:32:05,370
subject himself or the doer of the action himself

378
00:32:05,370 --> 00:32:09,590
who can decide. Okay, you are free to decide what

379
00:32:09,590 --> 00:32:13,450
about the importance of the adjective or the

380
00:32:13,450 --> 00:32:16,670
modifier. However, in English, you don't have any

381
00:32:16,670 --> 00:32:19,870
rule. The language decides. We have rules to

382
00:32:19,870 --> 00:32:25,550
follow. So English is rule-based system. It is a

383
00:32:25,550 --> 00:32:29,410
rule-based system. It differs from Arabic. So once

384
00:32:29,410 --> 00:32:32,270
you translate from Arabic to English, you have to

385
00:32:32,270 --> 00:32:35,710
consider, you have to be very familiar with the

386
00:32:35,710 --> 00:32:40,410
order of adjectives. Otherwise, you commit serious

387
00:32:40,410 --> 00:32:44,870
errors resulting from Negative interference

388
00:32:44,870 --> 00:32:48,430
because you are free in Arabic. Arabic is liberal

389
00:32:48,430 --> 00:32:51,670
language. It's more liberal than English in the

390
00:32:51,670 --> 00:32:55,930
field of the adjective order, okay? So you put the

391
00:32:55,930 --> 00:32:58,270
adjective in English wherever you like and that

392
00:32:58,270 --> 00:33:03,710
sense you commit a mistake resulting from Arabic.

393
00:33:04,290 --> 00:33:06,510
So is it called interlingual error or

394
00:33:06,510 --> 00:33:14,630
interlingual? Interlingual. Okay, you see? So

395
00:33:14,630 --> 00:33:20,490
that's it for the chapter of adjectives. We now

396
00:33:20,490 --> 00:33:23,910
would like to see some questions or some

397
00:33:23,910 --> 00:33:29,490
presentations from you about teaching adjectives.