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Today we are going to touch some

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verb constructions specifically futurity We are

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going to speak about the future constructions in

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English and Arabic. This will cover future simple,

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future continuous, future perfect, continuous,

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future perfect. And the constructions going to, be

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to, about to, and also the present simple, which

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denotes future, and the present continuous, which

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also denotes future. We are going to speak about

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these constructions in English, and then we need

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to touch their counterparts in Arabic. Okay? As

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you see, future simple. First of all, will attend.

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What does this construction consist of? What does

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it consist of? Will, what do you call will? Tense

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or aspect or whatever? Tense. It is tense. I will

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attend the lecture. Will is tense. Attend? Aspect.

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Simple aspect. So the future simple consists of

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tense plus simple aspect. Okay?

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Now, semantically, future simple denotes

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colorless, neutral future. It refers to open

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future, neutral future. I shall be 47 years old by

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next birthday.

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Shall be. It's open. You'll be pleased to see

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them. When? We don't know. Will be, please. Will

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be. Okay? It's neutral and colorless. There is no

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distinction of or determination of any exact time.

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But the meaning is in future.

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Now, will and shall plus

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infinitive without two these are the constructions

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of future simple will shall plus the stem of the

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verb now will is used with all pronouns with all

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nouns once we express determination okay or

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persistence i'll be opaque i will be opaque I will

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be obeyed. Okay. So this is determination. I am

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determined to be obeyed. He will do as he likes.

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He is determined to do as he likes. Okay. He will

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do. I will be obeyed. Okay.

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Now, we have different functions for future

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simple. It refers to willingness.

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Once you need to or like to do something in

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future, so you use future simple. Here we have

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shell. is used to express willingness on the part

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of speaker and second and third person. Shall is

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used with the second and third person while will

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is with the first person. He shall return the good

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to the store and refund his money. He shall, shall

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he refers to willingness. he shall return the good

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to the store and refund his money. This means that

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he is willing to return the good to the store just

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to refund his money back. Okay? So we have shall

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with he, she, it, they, and you. Okay? In case of

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willingness.

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you shall behave as you like you shall behave as

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you like okay also future simple expresses offer

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shall I give you a lift shall I give you a lift

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shall with the first person shall I shall I offer

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you another chance shall I offer you another

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chance Will you have a rest for 10 minutes? Shall

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she make you a cup of tea? Shall she make you a

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cup of tea? So we have here different semantic

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functions for the use of future simple. Okay? It

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refers to open and neutral colorless future. It

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refers to willingness and offer promise, threat,

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and other functions. Let's see. We spoke about

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willingness.

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Who could translate into English?

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How could

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I translate the word targab or yargab, the verb

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yargab?

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She shall return the good to the store and refund

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her money. Okay? Since we have the sense of

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yarghab, desire, we translate into shell. Shell

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plus the stem. She shall return the good to the

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store. Okay? Ofal. Shall I give you another chance

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to read the chapter again? Shall I give you

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another chance? Shall I give you another chance?

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Shall I give you a lift? Shall I give you a lift?

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Okay?

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Now we have determination.

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Okay?

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I shall do what I like. I am determined to do what

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I would like to do. Okay?

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We have also promise. Promise is expressed by

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future simple. You shall be punished if you do

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that again. Promise and threat here.

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We use shall.

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and will, okay? But here we have shell for some

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pronouns and will for other pronouns. So the

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future simple here can be expressed in the second

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and third person by shell and in the first person

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by will, completely like willingness. shall take

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the second takes the second and third person while

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will the first person once we express promise and

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threat you shall be punished if you do that again

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shall be punished with

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you I'll be there to help this is promise I'll be

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there to help will with I okay is to express

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promise and the first sentence to express threat

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also

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we have future simple expressing request in the

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present and future you use will with the second

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person will with the second person once you ask

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someone you ask the second person face to face

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Will you please open the door? Will you please

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open the door? Will you, don't say shall you, will

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you please open the door? Okay. This is request.

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Will you kindly send me an application form? Will

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you kindly send me an application form? Will you

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kindly send me? Yes.

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Yes, shell in case of promise, threat and

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willingness as well with the second and third

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person. Request, the first person we use will, not

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shell. Sorry, yes, the second person. Will takes

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you in case of request. Will comes with the second

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person. Yes. However, in case of willingness,

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threat or promise, okay, you use shell with the

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second and third person. Once you have offer,

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you use shell with the first person. You offer

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something to someone. Shall I offer you a lift?

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Shall I offer you another chance? you see now

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future simple as you see refers to neutral

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colorless open future okay open it is future

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simple is open colorless and neutral it refers to

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First of all, promise, willingness, threat, offer,

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and request plus determination. Okay, do you have

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the same meanings in Arabic? What about the future

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simple? Do you have future simple in Arabic or

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not? Okay, let's see. We have future simple in

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Arabic, it is expressed by sawfa. Sawfa refers to

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remote future. Remote future, not near future. We

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say for the near future, we say sa. So, sawfa

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yusafir uzaydum ila misra mustaqbalan. When? We

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don't know, it is open. colorless and neutral.

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Okay. It's like English. We have the imperfect

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indicative form of the verb.

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The present imperfect indicative form of the verb.

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Okay.

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Remember that in English we use the stem of the

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verb Okay, and the first conjugation of the verb

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The bare infinitive however in English We use the

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present imperfect indicative form with the

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inflection ي يسافر You can't say سافرة يسافر Okay.

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This is the future in Arabic. Okay.

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Here we have once we have nom, this is for

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nominative case. We have three inflections as we

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mentioned, nominative case, accusative and

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genitive case.

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يريد زيدن we have here willingness the future

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simple in Arabic also expresses willingness يريد

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زيدن أن يعيد البضاعة يريد زيدن أن يعيد البضاعة

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here we have the imperfect indicative form of the

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verb followed by the complementizer أن or the

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derived nominal إعادة

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okay يعيد إعادة derived nominal معناه المصدر يعني

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المصدر من يعيد إعادة يريد زيدون إعادة البضاعة يريد

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زيدون أن يعيد البضاعة and is called complementizer

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يعني relative pronoun

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Zaid shall retain the good. Why do I use shall

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here in translation? Why didn't I say Zaid will

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retain the good? Because shall here expresses

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what? Willingness. In Arabic it is يرغب or يريد.

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يريد زيد إعادة البضاعة What do you call about?

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What do you call? Derived nominal.

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Now we

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have other

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uses for the future simple in Arabic. أريد أن

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أمنحك فرصة أخرى أريد

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أن

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أمنحك so we have the willingness verb أريد أو أرغب

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plus the complementizer أن plus the verb يمنح أمنح

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تمنح نمنح okay all also we have the willingness

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verb أريد أو يرغب plus the derived nominal منح

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I shall offer you

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another chance

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Okay, is this correct? I shall offer you another

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chance

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Shall I offer? It is willingness. It is offer.

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Once we have offer, we use shall with the first

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person. Yes. I shall offer you another chance.

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Do you want a cup of tea? Do you want soup? What

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do you call soup? Derived nominal. Okay, so we

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have you read plus derived nominal this expresses

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offer in English Will you want to drink a cup of

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tea?

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So we have differences between the future simple

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in English and the future simple in Arabic both

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exist in both languages however the future simple

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is expressed syntactically in English by using

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shall or will plus the stem of the verb okay

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semantically it expresses willingness offer

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request threat determination I promise, okay? We

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have this in Arabic. So both languages are

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identical semantically in using the future simple,

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but they differ syntactically. In Arabic, we use

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sawfa plus the imperfect indicative form of the

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verb, okay? Or the derived nominal. okay we don't

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have derived nominal in English we have gerund and

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infinitive I like to drink tea okay I like

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drinking tea okay وحب شرب الشاي وحب أن أشرب الشاي

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okay مصدر صريح مصدر مؤول This is the translation

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of gerund and infinitive in English. So we have

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two different forms. The two languages are

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divergent syntactically in this specific area.

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We have future progressive. Shall, will plus the

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progressive aspect.

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Okay. This is to express an action that will be

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going on at a certain time in future.

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So at five o'clock this evening, I

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will be going in the bereaved places of the

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martyrs in Khan Yunus.

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Okay. This time I will be acting some work, okay,

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which will be continuous, which will be in

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progress at a certain time. We shall be playing

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tennis at 5pm next Friday. Yani once you come to

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visit us at five o'clock, you'll find us playing

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tennis at this moment at five o'clock pm. So it

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refers to an action which will be in progress at a

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specific time in future. Okay. We shall be

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traveling all night.

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If you ask about us this night, you'll find us

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traveling. Okay.

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So it refers to an action which will be in

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progress at a certain time in future. shall will

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plus the progressive construction of the verb, the

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aspect, verb to be plus verb plus ing we shall be

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traveling shall will plus be plus verb plus ing

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Also, the future progressive shall, will be, their

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plus ing construction is also used to avoid the

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interpretation of volition, insistence, etc. That

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future simple is characterized with, I'll do my

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best. I'll be doing my best. What's the difference

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between the two Sentences who could you translate

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these two sentences? I'll do my best. I'll be

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doing my best Okay

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Yes,

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mm-hmm hooker translated yes, I'll do my best I

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This is a promise to do my best. Okay, it is

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promise. طيب I'll be doing my best.

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This is

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determination. I'll be doing my best. Okay, I'll

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be doing my best. This is determination. يعني

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الأولى I'll do my best سأفعل الأفضل and the second

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انا مصمم على فعل الأفضل او عازم على فعل الأفضل سوف

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أبذل قصارى جهدي okay الأولى

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you have to use سوف سوف أبذل قصارى جهدي في مساعدتك

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ثانية سأبذل قصارى جهدي okay س refers to the near

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future okay once you express progressive use س or

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any near future طيب

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Now standard Arabic, do we have future continuous

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or progressive in Arabic or not?

251
00:24:28,500 --> 00:24:34,800
سيلعب فريقنا الكورة سيلعب

252
00:24:34,800 --> 00:24:41,180
فريقنا الكورة عند الساعة السابعة مساء يعني at

253
00:24:41,180 --> 00:24:45,420
seven o'clock our team will be playing football

254
00:24:46,330 --> 00:24:51,310
Okay, we have this سيلعب فريقنا الكورة عند الساعة

255
00:24:51,310 --> 00:24:55,750
السابعة مساء So this construction and the future

256
00:24:55,750 --> 00:25:03,550
progressive in Arabic consists of what? Okay It

257
00:25:03,550 --> 00:25:09,930
is س plus imperfect indicative form سيلعب Okay,

258
00:25:10,470 --> 00:25:12,290
followed by a point of time

259
00:25:17,700 --> 00:25:21,940
Okay, followed by a point of time. سيلعب فريقنا

260
00:25:21,940 --> 00:25:25,480
الكورة. So we have س plus the imperfect indicative

261
00:25:25,480 --> 00:25:33,280
form of the verb plus the noun followed by a point

262
00:25:33,280 --> 00:25:33,780
of time.

263
00:25:42,840 --> 00:25:49,190
سيلعب فريقنا الكورة عند الساعة السابعة مساء. Okay?

264
00:25:49,970 --> 00:25:52,910
Our team will be playing football at seven o'clock

265
00:25:52,910 --> 00:25:53,850
tomorrow.

266
00:25:57,670 --> 00:26:03,310
Now we come to future perfect. Future perfect in

267
00:26:03,310 --> 00:26:09,890
English refers to an action that will finish at a

268
00:26:09,890 --> 00:26:15,330
future time at a specific future time in English.

269
00:26:16,800 --> 00:26:22,380
I say the government or the company will have the

270
00:26:22,380 --> 00:26:27,420
project built, will have the project built or will

271
00:26:27,420 --> 00:26:33,380
finish the project by the end of next April. The

272
00:26:33,380 --> 00:26:38,280
company will have the project, will have finished

273
00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:43,440
the project by

274
00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:49,930
next April. Okay, or by the end of next April will

275
00:26:49,930 --> 00:26:55,430
have finished Well, what do you call well? Tense

276
00:26:55,430 --> 00:27:03,370
have Simple aspect finished Perfect

277
00:27:04,440 --> 00:27:09,560
perfect or perfective aspect so the future perfect

278
00:27:09,560 --> 00:27:14,020
consists of tense plus simple aspect and

279
00:27:14,020 --> 00:27:16,580
perfective aspect okay

280
00:27:26,910 --> 00:27:30,190
refers to an action that will have happened before

281
00:27:30,190 --> 00:27:33,450
some other future action happened or before some

282
00:27:33,450 --> 00:27:38,790
point of time arrives. They shall have played two

283
00:27:38,790 --> 00:27:42,150
games of tennis before we arrive there.

284
00:27:45,330 --> 00:27:48,830
Before we arrive, they will have finished two

285
00:27:48,830 --> 00:27:54,690
games or two rounds of tennis. They shall have

286
00:27:54,690 --> 00:27:58,390
played two games of tennis before we arrive there.

287
00:27:59,130 --> 00:28:04,130
So the first verb is future perfect. The second is

288
00:28:04,130 --> 00:28:09,090
future simple, okay, which refers to future. They

289
00:28:09,090 --> 00:28:11,970
will have graduated by the end of April. They will

290
00:28:11,970 --> 00:28:16,070
have graduated. So it refers to an action that

291
00:28:16,070 --> 00:28:21,750
will be completed at a certain time in future. The

292
00:28:21,750 --> 00:28:25,870
action may be in progress now. It started in the

293
00:28:25,870 --> 00:28:30,090
past, still in progress, and will finish at a

294
00:28:30,090 --> 00:28:36,230
specific time in future. We are present perfect

295
00:28:36,230 --> 00:28:40,850
continuous. When I say I have been studying

296
00:28:40,850 --> 00:28:45,550
English for 10 years, Okay, this is different.

297
00:28:46,270 --> 00:28:49,310
Okay, it refers to an action that started in the

298
00:28:49,310 --> 00:28:55,230
past is progressive now and will finish at unknown

299
00:28:55,230 --> 00:28:59,470
time, not specific time. Okay.

300
00:29:03,730 --> 00:29:06,690
Now, do we have the same equivalent in Arabic? Do

301
00:29:06,690 --> 00:29:10,350
we have future perfect in Arabic or not? Yes, we

302
00:29:10,350 --> 00:29:10,670
have.

303
00:29:43,010 --> 00:29:46,710
They will have finished the project by next March.

304
00:29:48,900 --> 00:29:53,680
okay? سَيَكُنُوا قَدْ أَنْهُ So we have the

305
00:29:53,680 --> 00:30:00,900
construction سَ which refers to near future يَكُن

306
00:30:00,900 --> 00:30:09,460
this is the indicative this is the imperfect verb

307
00:30:09,460 --> 00:30:16,920
the defective verb from كان يكون plus the

308
00:30:16,920 --> 00:30:23,810
expletive قَدْ and the perfect form of the verb

309
00:30:23,810 --> 00:30:27,790
أنها سيكونوا

310
00:30:27,790 --> 00:30:36,170
قد أنهوا العمل في المشروع في مارس القادم okay so

311
00:30:36,170 --> 00:30:42,590
we have the future particle س plus the defective

312
00:30:42,590 --> 00:30:46,250
verb in the imperfect indicative form يكون present

313
00:30:46,250 --> 00:30:51,350
form followed by the expletive قد and the past

314
00:30:51,350 --> 00:30:55,650
form of the verb this semantically expresses

315
00:30:55,650 --> 00:30:59,950
future perfect in Arabic so it is expressed

316
00:30:59,950 --> 00:31:04,130
lexically however in English it is expressed

317
00:31:04,130 --> 00:31:11,710
grammatically or syntactically okay سيكون قد أنهى

318
00:31:11,710 --> 00:31:21,310
سيكون زيد قد أنهى العمل في المشروع في بداية مارس

319
00:31:21,310 --> 00:31:26,310
القادر. So this is called future perfect in

320
00:31:26,310 --> 00:31:29,150
Arabic. Okay.

321
00:31:34,230 --> 00:31:38,010
They will have finished the project by the

322
00:31:38,010 --> 00:31:42,890
beginning of March. Okay. Yes.

323
00:31:49,420 --> 00:31:55,780
No, no, here we have, we don't have will and shall

324
00:31:55,780 --> 00:32:00,040
translation into Arabic. Both are sawfa or sah.

325
00:32:00,580 --> 00:32:02,780
However, once you translate the sentence into

326
00:32:02,780 --> 00:32:06,450
English, you have to consider the translation

327
00:32:06,450 --> 00:32:11,370
shell with the first person i we however well with

328
00:32:11,370 --> 00:32:14,710
the rest of the pronouns in case of future simple

329
00:32:14,710 --> 00:32:18,970
a future continuous future perfect future perfect

330
00:32:18,970 --> 00:32:22,690
continuous etc you have these limitations in

331
00:32:22,690 --> 00:32:25,910
translation for shell or well just in the use of

332
00:32:25,910 --> 00:32:30,950
future simple Once you express willingness, once

333
00:32:30,950 --> 00:32:34,750
you express promise, once you express offer, once

334
00:32:34,750 --> 00:32:39,630
you express threat, determination, or request. So

335
00:32:39,630 --> 00:32:44,650
you have specific translation

336
00:32:44,650 --> 00:32:48,330
for shell or will. So you have to take care of

337
00:32:48,330 --> 00:32:50,410
that. However, in the rest of the future

338
00:32:50,410 --> 00:32:53,030
constructions, you have the form which you are

339
00:32:53,030 --> 00:32:56,930
familiar with. shall with the first person and

340
00:32:56,930 --> 00:32:59,670
will with the rest of the pronouns.

341
00:33:03,090 --> 00:33:06,390
They will have finished building the house by next

342
00:33:06,390 --> 00:33:14,430
May. This is

343
00:33:14,430 --> 00:33:15,370
future perfect.

344
00:33:21,370 --> 00:33:27,950
So we have two constructions. س ينهوا plus the

345
00:33:27,950 --> 00:33:34,790
derived nominal بناء or س يكونون قد أنهوا س plus

346
00:33:34,790 --> 00:33:40,190
the defective verb يكون plus the expletive قد plus

347
00:33:40,190 --> 00:33:43,310
the imperfect indicative form of the verb the

348
00:33:43,310 --> 00:33:46,630
perfect indicative form perfect indicative form

349
00:33:46,630 --> 00:33:52,630
يعني الماضي من الفعل ينهي أنها okay finish

350
00:33:52,630 --> 00:33:53,150
finished

351
00:33:58,330 --> 00:34:01,470
Now we have future perfect continuous.

352
00:34:04,930 --> 00:34:09,550
In English, this construction refers to an action

353
00:34:09,550 --> 00:34:15,130
that will be in progress after a certain time in

354
00:34:15,130 --> 00:34:19,980
future. It expresses an action that will be in

355
00:34:19,980 --> 00:34:24,380
progress when some point of time arrives. In 2009,

356
00:34:25,240 --> 00:34:30,600
I say here, in 2014, for example, in 2014, I shall

357
00:34:30,600 --> 00:34:36,020
have been teaching English for 20 years. In 2014,

358
00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:39,280
in 2014,

359
00:34:41,200 --> 00:34:44,820
I shall have been teaching English for 20 years.

360
00:34:54,780 --> 00:35:01,620
in 2014 I shall be teaching English for 20 years

361
00:35:01,620 --> 00:35:08,420
this means that here we use future perfect future

362
00:35:08,420 --> 00:35:14,860
future perfect continuous in 2014 I'll have been

363
00:35:14,860 --> 00:35:18,920
teaching English for 20 years this means that I'm

364
00:35:18,920 --> 00:35:25,530
going to resign in 2014 No, the action will be in

365
00:35:25,530 --> 00:35:29,710
progress. Okay? So it refers to an action that

366
00:35:29,710 --> 00:35:33,670
will be continuous after a certain time in future.

367
00:35:39,890 --> 00:35:40,810
You see?

368
00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:22,640
Okay Future Perfect

369
00:36:22,640 --> 00:36:29,960
continuous, okay Do

370
00:36:29,960 --> 00:36:33,860
we have future perfect continuous in Arabic? Yes,

371
00:36:33,880 --> 00:36:45,090
we have سيكونوا قد ناموا ساعتين عند الخامسة مساء

372
00:36:45,090 --> 00:36:48,910
سيكونوا

373
00:36:48,910 --> 00:36:53,210
الأطفال قد ناموا ساعتين عند الخامسة مساء يعني once

374
00:36:53,210 --> 00:36:56,310
you come to the house you'll find the kids

375
00:36:56,310 --> 00:37:00,370
sleeping for two hours and they remain or they

376
00:37:00,370 --> 00:37:06,170
still sleep okay so the action is in progress at a

377
00:37:06,170 --> 00:37:11,230
certain time in future they will have been

378
00:37:11,230 --> 00:37:14,650
sleeping for two hours by five o'clock in the

379
00:37:14,650 --> 00:37:23,730
evening okay so we have the verb we have the

380
00:37:23,730 --> 00:37:28,400
construction plus the defective verb in the

381
00:37:28,400 --> 00:37:31,840
imperfect form in the imperfect indicative form

382
00:37:31,840 --> 00:37:38,960
يكون plus the expletive قد plus the perfect form

383
00:37:38,960 --> 00:37:48,640
of the verb نام okay سيكونوا قد ناموا ساعتين عند

384
00:37:48,640 --> 00:37:52,360
الخمسة مساء plus طبعا a point of time

385
00:37:55,740 --> 00:37:58,740
They will have been sleeping for two hours by five

386
00:37:58,740 --> 00:38:04,040
o'clock in the evening. Now we have also the

387
00:38:04,040 --> 00:38:07,160
future construction expressed by future by simple

388
00:38:07,160 --> 00:38:14,200
present in English. I say for example, let's wait

389
00:38:14,200 --> 00:38:15,320
until he comes.

390
00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:22,980
So we have the present simple denoting future in

391
00:38:22,980 --> 00:38:28,990
clauses of time and condition. Okay, I say for

392
00:38:28,990 --> 00:38:33,110
example, let's wait until he comes. What will you

393
00:38:33,110 --> 00:38:38,610
say if I punish him? Punish. What does this refer

394
00:38:38,610 --> 00:38:42,110
to? Does it refer to present action or to future

395
00:38:42,110 --> 00:38:46,050
action? Future action expressed by the present

396
00:38:46,050 --> 00:38:52,150
simple. So the tense here present tense here

397
00:38:52,150 --> 00:38:57,980
expresses future event That is part of settled

398
00:38:57,980 --> 00:39:05,360
program. He leaves for Egypt tomorrow. Leaves. It

399
00:39:05,360 --> 00:39:11,200
refers to near future. Near programmed action. She

400
00:39:11,200 --> 00:39:13,960
arrives by 10 o'clock train this evening.

401
00:39:14,960 --> 00:39:18,440
Programmed action. We speak about the railway

402
00:39:18,440 --> 00:39:22,990
train. which is of computer system it is

403
00:39:22,990 --> 00:39:28,290
computerized system okay so she arrives by 10 o

404
00:39:28,290 --> 00:39:31,170
'clock this means that she will arrive exactly on

405
00:39:31,170 --> 00:39:36,110
time at 10 o'clock okay since we have timetable or

406
00:39:36,110 --> 00:39:40,190
programmed action then we use present simple okay

407
00:39:40,190 --> 00:39:45,390
it is used also for formal or official actions.

408
00:39:46,070 --> 00:39:50,290
The president travels to Egypt by the 10 o'clock

409
00:39:50,290 --> 00:39:56,390
flight tonight. The president travels. If you

410
00:39:56,390 --> 00:40:00,750
speak about any personality, official personality,

411
00:40:01,270 --> 00:40:06,350
if official personnel, then you use present simple

412
00:40:06,350 --> 00:40:10,270
to refer to future action. However, if you speak

413
00:40:10,270 --> 00:40:13,330
about ordinary people, we use present continuous.

414
00:40:14,330 --> 00:40:19,950
Okay. So I am traveling to Egypt by the 10 o'clock

415
00:40:19,950 --> 00:40:25,350
flight. I'm traveling. I am ordinary man. However,

416
00:40:25,490 --> 00:40:29,850
the president travels to Egypt. You understand

417
00:40:29,850 --> 00:40:34,090
that? Did you get that? Okay. The president

418
00:40:34,090 --> 00:40:39,870
travels to Egypt. I am traveling to Egypt by 10 o

419
00:40:39,870 --> 00:40:46,960
'clock flight. Okay. So we have present simple

420
00:40:46,960 --> 00:40:51,400
denoting future in Arabic. Do we have present

421
00:40:51,400 --> 00:40:57,240
simple denoting future in Arabic as well? So we

422
00:40:57,240 --> 00:40:59,320
have this in English. Do we have this in Arabic?

423
00:41:01,320 --> 00:41:09,640
سيسافر عندما يأتي أحمد Or سأسافر عندما يأتي أحمد

424
00:41:09,640 --> 00:41:15,790
What do you say about يأتي? I will travel here

425
00:41:15,790 --> 00:41:24,230
when Ahmed arrives or when Ahmed comes. سأسافر

426
00:41:24,230 --> 00:41:27,130
عندما يأتي Ahmed. يأتي, what do you call about

427
00:41:27,130 --> 00:41:32,390
يأتي? What do you call يأتي? It's present simple.

428
00:41:32,770 --> 00:41:35,850
What does it denote? It's semantically denotes

429
00:41:35,850 --> 00:41:38,830
future. So we have it in Arabic then.

430
00:41:44,270 --> 00:41:50,990
Okay. لن تأتي هند حتى تدعينها.

431
00:41:54,450 --> 00:42:01,450
Hind will never come until you invite her. Invite

432
00:42:01,450 --> 00:42:08,250
here is what? Present simple, denoting future.

433
00:42:09,270 --> 00:42:15,300
Okay. Hind will not come until you invite her. You

434
00:42:15,300 --> 00:42:17,520
see, we have this in Arabic as well.

435
00:42:24,180 --> 00:42:25,680
The present progressive.

436
00:42:30,940 --> 00:42:37,440
We have M plus V plus I and G. It's present

437
00:42:37,440 --> 00:42:41,230
progressive, but it denotes future as well. I say

438
00:42:41,230 --> 00:42:45,570
with ordinary people, we use present continuous.

439
00:42:46,290 --> 00:42:50,810
It refers to programmed action. Programmed action,

440
00:42:51,050 --> 00:42:55,670
timetabled action, planned action, but for popular

441
00:42:55,670 --> 00:42:59,270
people. However, for officials, we use present

442
00:42:59,270 --> 00:43:03,190
simple. I'm traveling by seven o'clock flight to

443
00:43:03,190 --> 00:43:06,770
Egypt this evening. I'm taking the children to the

444
00:43:06,770 --> 00:43:13,520
seashore tomorrow evening. okay it's planned

445
00:43:13,520 --> 00:43:17,340
action we

446
00:43:17,340 --> 00:43:28,040
have this also in Arabic the

447
00:43:28,040 --> 00:43:34,720
present progressive in Arabic is expressed by the

448
00:43:34,720 --> 00:43:38,200
nominal subject اسم الفاعل قادم

449
00:43:40,430 --> 00:43:44,790
In Arabic? Yes. So derived subject, sorry, nominal

450
00:43:44,790 --> 00:43:48,930
subject. When I say derived subject, this is the

451
00:43:48,930 --> 00:43:51,690
noun of the verb. This is the noun of the verb.

452
00:43:53,670 --> 00:43:59,750
Nominal subject. I am coming to visit you today. I

453
00:43:59,750 --> 00:44:02,770
am coming. This is present progressive referring

454
00:44:02,770 --> 00:44:07,450
to an action that will happen at a planned time

455
00:44:08,630 --> 00:44:14,750
okay in the near future okay

456
00:44:14,750 --> 00:44:21,250
we

457
00:44:21,250 --> 00:44:27,950
also have other constructions we

458
00:44:27,950 --> 00:44:31,130
have other constructions in English that refer to

459
00:44:31,130 --> 00:44:39,930
future like going to be to about to okay going to,

460
00:44:40,750 --> 00:44:45,510
be to, about to. These also express future in

461
00:44:45,510 --> 00:44:49,390
English. Once we say going to, this refers to

462
00:44:49,390 --> 00:44:56,370
cause or intention. Okay? Now, I'm going to

463
00:44:56,370 --> 00:45:01,420
graduate by the end of this semester. This means

464
00:45:01,420 --> 00:45:05,820
that you studied for four years and you are going

465
00:45:05,820 --> 00:45:09,120
to have your BBA by the end of this semester. You

466
00:45:09,120 --> 00:45:12,740
are going to graduate. So you have the complete

467
00:45:12,740 --> 00:45:20,780
cause for the action. Okay? Mariam is pregnant.

468
00:45:21,680 --> 00:45:28,220
She's going to have a baby next month. Okay? She's

469
00:45:28,220 --> 00:45:32,380
pregnant. It's the cause for the action which

470
00:45:32,380 --> 00:45:40,460
happens next month. The delivery. Maryam is going

471
00:45:40,460 --> 00:45:44,400
to have a baby next month. Going to, we have

472
00:45:44,400 --> 00:45:49,240
cause. We have also intention. I'm going to attend

473
00:45:49,240 --> 00:45:53,560
Ahmed's party tonight. I have the intention, the

474
00:45:53,560 --> 00:45:58,340
intention to attend the party. So I use going to.

475
00:45:59,180 --> 00:46:02,440
Do you have this in Arabic? Do you have equivalent

476
00:46:02,440 --> 00:46:07,200
for B2 or about 2 in Arabic? This is what we are

477
00:46:07,200 --> 00:46:11,520
going to see next time. Okay, that's it for today.

478
00:46:11,640 --> 00:46:12,100
Thank you.