Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today inshallah I'm
going to continue with causative verbs. Last time
we spoke about the meaning of causatives, the
definition of causatives, types of causatives in
English, and we've seen that in English we have
active causatives and passive causatives. In case
of active, the subject and the agent are available
in the sentence. In case of passive, the agent is
absent and it is replaced by the object, okay? We
have causative verbs which accept only bare
infinitive; however, we have causative verbs which
accept to infinitive, okay? The verbs which accept
bare infinitive are yes, have, let, and make, and the
verb which accept -- I mean the causative verb which
accept both, get. Okay, still the rest of causatives
accept to infinitive, okay? يعني infinitive with to
Okay, now
this construction -- I mean the causative verbs -- is
either with bare infinitive or with to infinitive.
It appears in active, appears in passive. It means
that the causer does something to the cozy. Okay? It
means the subject or the agent is responsible for
causing an action done on the object itself. If
you look to Arabic, do you have the same
constructions? Do we have causative verbs in
Arabic? Don't we have causative verbs? We have
causative verbs. We have causative verbs in
Arabic, but these causative verbs syntactically
differ from English, and the function of the
causative verb in Arabic differs from English.
We've seen, or we dealt with, the infinitive and
bare infinitive in English. However, in Arabic, we
don't have this equivalence. We have the verb
itself, has some sort of inflections added to it,
so it becomes causative verb. The first
inflection is allowed. Yes, this is by changing
the inflection itself, the nominative, the
genitive, and the accusative case. هزق هزق Okay. So
we change the genitive case into accusative case,
having the causative there. We still have what is
called gemination. Okay. Hadama, haddama. Alima,
allama. Okay. You add another sound, having what
was called the consonant doubling. This is called
gemination. Okay. Shut down. Okay, now still, we have
another way -- the third way. This is Hamza. Okay, you
have the Hamza, the glottal sound a. Okay, when I say
for example, Farrah, Farraha, Afraha. Okay, Alima, Alama.
But not all verbs have these three ways, okay? Don't
have all these verbs accept the three ways, all
together for making the verb causative, okay? We
have some verbs accept all-determination, some
other verbs accept about another category of verbs
accept the glottal sound or the glottal sound a or
hamza at the beginning of the verb, okay? But
functionally
or say, syntactically, the two verbs -- I mean English
and Arabic causatives -- differ completely from each
other, okay? So this does not cause what is called
negative interference once learning causatives.
All causative errors or mistakes done by the Arab
learners of English result from the difficulty of
English, that result to what is called intralingual
errors. Intralingual errors, okay? That's it for
causatives. And now we need to discuss the point
generally, and also need to speak about the best
activities or games for teaching causatives to our
students. That's it.