Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Today we are going to continue with infinitive and
gerund in English plus covert and overt derived
nominal in Arabic. Regarding the gerund and
infinitive in English, we see that the gerund can
stand as a subject in the sentence. So you have
these two sentences, eating too much food is not
good for your health. Playing basketball is very
fun. Eating, playing, they stand as subjects. If you
we use also infinitive after noun, in this, after
the noun in the sentence. It's not good for your
health to eat too much fast food. So we have the
infinitive directly follows the noun in the
sentence. As it appears in this sentence, it's not
good for your health to eat too much fast food.
It's very fun to play basketball. So we have fun,
we have health. They are followed by infinitive as
you see. We use gerund directly after the
preposition. I'm tired of doing the same thing
over and over again every day. They are excited
about attending the meeting tomorrow. So we have
of doing, about attending. I'm looking forward to
hearing from you soon. She's used to driving at
night. Is Mr used to plus the verb plus ing, and
this means gerund. It means يعتاد على, present
custom, however having used plus infinitive, this
refers to habit in the past, يعتاد على. So if you
have the verb to be plus used to, it is directly
followed by gerund, we
have infinitive which is directly used after the
adjective. I was surprised to see her at the party
yesterday. They were anxious to meet with
President this weekend. I'm glad to meet you. So
we have surprised, anxious, glad. They are
directly followed by infinitives. We also have the
infinitive used after certain nouns. I still have
a little time to talk with you tonight. They have
a lot of books to read for the reading class. He
doesn't have permission to use the lab computers.
So we have time, books, permissions that are
followed by infinitive, as you see.
The infinitive expresses purpose. Okay, so if
there'd be a purpose in the sentence, clause of
purpose, then we use the infinitive. I came here
in order to study, or to study English.
We use the particle, the negative particle not
before the gerund, or even before the infinitive to
come out with negative sentence. Not doing your
homework is a big mistake. She was angry about not
being invited to the reception. I decided not to
go there tomorrow. Try not to be late. So as you
see, the particle, the negative particle not
precedes the gerund, and also the infinitive.
We spoke about hypothetical verbs, verbs to happen
in future. This is followed by the infinitive as
you know. This is forward-oriented verbs. He told
us to stay home. I want you to be the best student
in the class. She advised me not to take such a
risk. So all the actions in these sentences refer
to future actions. The verbs are forward, oriented
verbs. This is the fourth category of the four
categories of the verbs which accept gerund and
infinitive. We spoke about the emotive verbs, the
aspectual verbs, the reactive verbs, and the
forward-oriented verbs.
Also, use the gerund after the possessive pronouns.
I appreciate your inviting me to the party. We are
proud of Mary's winning the first place in the
race.
Okay.
So this is the complete explanation of the use of
infinitive and gerund in English. In Arabic, we
spoke about the modified derived nominal, and overt
derived nominal. وحب أن أشرب الشاي وحب شرب الشاي
This is covert derived nominal. وحب شرب الشاي This
is overt derived nominal. We've seen that we have
big difference between these constructions in
English and Arabic. So the reactive verbs of
Arabic, the emotive verbs of Arabic, are the same
like English. They accept both overt and covert
derived nominal. However, the aspectual verbs,
this is in English, in English. What about Arabic?
They accept only modified derived nominal or
covert derived nominal. What about reactive verbs
in English? They accept only gerund. However, in
Arabic, both. The forward-oriented verbs.
In English, they accept only infinitive. However,
in Arabic, they accept both. So you have to take
care once you translate. Once you translate, it is
not necessarily to translate literally every
single word. You have to consider the structure of
infinitive and to see the difference. This means
that you have to consider the meaning or the
meaning of the verb itself and its syntactic
capacity, whether it accepts infinitive or gerund.
Return to the verbs, in Arabic, whether the
translated verb accepts overt derived nominal or
covert derived nominal, okay. I need to terminate
here in order to give you a quiz just now, about or
on the use of infinitive and gerund in English.
Okay. That's it. Thank you.