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ุทูŠุจ ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ management ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ diabetes
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patients ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ acute management ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ูŠ
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ acute ู…ู…ูƒู† cases
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ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ chronic ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ ุงู„
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acute ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ ..ุงู„ conditions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
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ูŠุตุงุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฏู‡ุจูŠุชุงุณุŒ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†
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ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจุงุช ุงู„ ketoacidosisุŒ ููŠู‡ ุฃู† hyperosmolar non
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-ketotic coma ูˆ hypoglycemia
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ุทุจุนุง ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ู…ู‡ู…
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ููŠ ุงู„ diagnosis ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡
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ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ูˆู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุนุทุงู‡
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ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุณูˆุงุกุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ diagnosis ูˆ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ
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ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… ูˆ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ุงู„ glucose
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concentration ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ range ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ glucose in blood and urine ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงู† ุงู„ ketones ุจุฑุถู‡ in blood and
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urine ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ acid base ุงู„ status ุงู„ pH ูˆ ุงู„
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bicarbonate level ุงู„ู„ูƒุชูŠุช ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง
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ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุงู„ dehydration
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ Dialytics ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
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ููŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุงู„ููˆุณูุงุช ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„
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Osmolality ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ููŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ ketone bodies
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development of ketosis requires changes in both
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adipose tissue and the liverPrimary substrate for
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ketone body formation are free fatty acids from
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adipose stores ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ ketone bodies ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุจุชู…
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ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ lipolysis ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ
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ุงู„ insulinู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Ketosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ Type 1 diabetes ู…ุงู„ูŠุชุงุณ
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ูˆู†ุงุฏุฑุง ู…ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู†ุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ type 2 diabetes
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mellitus ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ketosis ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู€ type 2 diabetes mellitus ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
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insulinุŒ ุงู„ insulin ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ insulin ู…ู…ูƒู†
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ูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ alpha cells ูˆ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู†
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ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒุงุฌูˆู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ุจู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง
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ุงู† ููŠุงู†ุง absolute deficiency of ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
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ุงู„ inhibitory effect ู„ู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ alpha cells
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ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ alpha cells ู‡ุชู†ุชุฌ glucagon
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ูˆู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠุงู†ุง gluconeogenesisุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
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breakdown ู„ู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ูˆุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ ketone
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bodies
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ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
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ุงู„ู€ Triglycerides ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ Triglycerides ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
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ุชุญู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ VLDL ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Very Low Density
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Lipoprotein ูˆูŠุตู„ู‡ุง Release ู„ุชูˆุฒูŠุน Limits ุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ In contrast to other tissuesุŒ the
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brain cannot use free fatty acids for energy
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ketone bodies ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑู† When glucose is
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unavailable, ketone bodies supply the vast
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majority of the brain's energyูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุตูˆู…
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ุฃ ุชู„ุงุช ุฃูŠุงู… ketone bodies provide 30
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percent to 40 percent of the body's energy
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requirement
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ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ketosis ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ ketone bodies
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ uncontrolled diabetes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
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ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุฎุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ type 1 ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
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ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง low insulin concentration
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ู‡ุฐุง ุญูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ lipolysis ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุญูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ plasma free fatty acids ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„
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ketone bodiesHigher Glucagon to Insulin RatioุŒ ุทุจ
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ุนุงู…ู„ุง ุฃู†ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ุฎูุงุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจุชุฎู„
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ุงู„ inhibitor effect ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ alpha cells ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
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ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ readers ุฃู† ู„ุง concentrations ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†
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ุงู„ glucagon ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู† higher glucagon to insulin
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ratio ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ enhances the fatty acid
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oxidation in the liverุนู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช
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ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ counterregulatory hormones ุฃูˆ
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ hyperglycemic hormonesุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง
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ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ concentration ู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ glucose
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ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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simulation ู„ู„ู€ lipolysis ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€
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ketone bodies ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ ketogenesis
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Ketone bodies ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Acetoacetate
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ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุชุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ spontaneous
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decarboxylation ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุณูŠุชูˆู† ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
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ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Beta-hydroxybutyrate ูˆู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
80
00:06:41,450 --> 00:06:49,250
ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ body ูƒูŠุชูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
81
00:06:49,250 --> 00:06:55,550
ูˆุงู„ุฃุณูŠุชูˆู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„
82
00:06:55,550 --> 00:06:59,560
exhalationุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุจุงู„ูigure ู‡ุงู† ูˆุฅู† ุงู„
83
00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:03,640
acetoacetate ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ acetone ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†
84
00:07:03,640 --> 00:07:07,440
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏูŠ carboxylation ูˆุฅู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
85
00:07:07,440 --> 00:07:13,040
ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ beta-hydroxybutyrate
86
00:07:15,670 --> 00:07:19,510
ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ ketone bodies ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน
87
00:07:19,510 --> 00:07:22,110
ุงู„ concentration ู„ ุงู„ ketone bodies ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
88
00:07:22,110 --> 00:07:28,830
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง ูƒูŠุชูˆู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู‡ุฐุง
89
00:07:28,830 --> 00:07:32,010
ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ execution ู„ ุงู„ ketone
90
00:07:32,010 --> 00:07:36,270
bodies ููŠ ุงู„ urine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู†ุง ูƒูŠุชูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุง
91
00:07:38,100 --> 00:07:41,320
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงูŠุถุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ ketone bodies ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
92
00:07:41,320 --> 00:07:48,540
ุชุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„
93
00:07:48,540 --> 00:07:51,800
carbohydrates ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ the starvation ุงูˆ
94
00:07:51,800 --> 00:07:56,820
frequent vomiting ุงูˆ decrease used of
95
00:07:56,820 --> 00:07:57,820
carbohydrates
96
00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:04,520
ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ diabetes mellitus ุฃูˆ ููŠ
97
00:08:04,520 --> 00:08:10,180
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ glycogen storage disease type one
98
00:08:10,180 --> 00:08:17,880
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ somavone geric diseaseุนู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
99
00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:21,440
ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ diet ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุขู†
100
00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:27,980
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ keto ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ ketone
101
00:08:27,980 --> 00:08:30,980
bodies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ popular high fat low
102
00:08:30,980 --> 00:08:33,480
carbohydrate diet high ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุง low
103
00:08:33,480 --> 00:08:38,060
carbohydrate ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒูŠุชูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒูˆูŠ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
104
00:08:38,060 --> 00:08:42,360
ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ ketone bodies ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
105
00:08:45,300 --> 00:08:50,640
ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ ketoacidosis ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
106
00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:53,220
diabetes mellitus ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ุนู†ุฏ
107
00:08:53,220 --> 00:08:56,780
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ type 1 diabetes mellitus ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุนู†ุฏ
108
00:08:56,780 --> 00:09:01,780
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู†ุงูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุญูˆู„
109
00:09:01,780 --> 00:09:07,740
ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุณุจุจ ุญุฏูˆุซ
110
00:09:07,740 --> 00:09:13,580
ุงู„ ketoacidosis ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู†ุงูˆู„ูˆุง ูƒุญูˆู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
111
00:09:13,580 --> 00:09:18,570
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ impairment ู„ู€ conversion of
112
00:09:18,570 --> 00:09:22,950
lactate to pyruvate ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ hypothesis
113
00:09:22,950 --> 00:09:29,470
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ ketone bodies
114
00:09:32,160 --> 00:09:36,760
ุญุณุจ ุชูˆุตูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€ American Diabetes Association ุฃู†ู‡
115
00:09:36,760 --> 00:09:43,220
ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Diabetes
116
00:09:43,220 --> 00:09:44,900
ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Type 1 diabetes
117
00:09:44,900 --> 00:09:48,820
mellitus pregnancy with a pre-existing diabetes
118
00:09:48,820 --> 00:09:52,740
ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… gestational diabetes mellitus
119
00:09:52,740 --> 00:09:57,500
ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ู€ ketone bodies ููŠ ุงู„
120
00:09:57,500 --> 00:10:01,570
urineุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ type 1 diabetes smallitis
121
00:10:01,570 --> 00:10:04,290
ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ู„ูƒูŠุชูˆู†ุงุช ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
122
00:10:04,290 --> 00:10:08,130
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ acute illness
123
00:10:08,130 --> 00:10:17,610
ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑูุน ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
124
00:10:17,610 --> 00:10:22,590
ู‡ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุชุนุชุจุฑ hyperglycemic hormones ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
125
00:10:22,590 --> 00:10:27,130
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ ketone bodies ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
126
00:10:27,130 --> 00:10:30,400
patients with type 1 diabetes smallitasู„ุงุฒู… ุจุฑุถู‡
127
00:10:30,400 --> 00:10:33,840
ูŠุชู… ูุญุตู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ ketones ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ acute illness ุงูˆ
128
00:10:33,840 --> 00:10:37,260
stress ุงูˆ with consistent increase in blood
129
00:10:37,260 --> 00:10:39,740
glucose ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฒุงุฏ ุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ glucose ุนู† ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ
130
00:10:39,740 --> 00:10:45,160
milligram per deciliter ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญู…ู„
131
00:10:46,190 --> 00:10:51,850
ุฃูˆ when symptoms of ketoacidosis are present ูˆู…ู†
132
00:10:51,850 --> 00:10:54,670
ุงู„ symptoms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ketoacidosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ
133
00:10:54,670 --> 00:10:59,010
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง frequent urination extreme thirst ุทุจุนุง high
134
00:10:59,010 --> 00:11:04,470
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ blood sugar ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ
135
00:11:04,470 --> 00:11:11,940
ุงู„ ketones ููŠ ุงู„ urineู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ ketones ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู€
136
00:11:11,940 --> 00:11:15,680
urine ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ widely performed in patients with
137
00:11:15,680 --> 00:11:21,300
diabetes ุณูˆุงุก ู„ู„ู€ diagnosis ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ู„ู€ monitoring
138
00:11:21,300 --> 00:11:27,400
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† of diabetic ketoacidosis
139
00:11:30,120 --> 00:11:32,440
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ management
140
00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:39,520
ู„ู„ูˆุงู„ูŠ chronic ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
141
00:11:39,520 --> 00:11:47,700
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู…ุช ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุจุทุช ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
142
00:11:47,700 --> 00:11:51,520
ูˆ ุงู„ development of long term complications of
143
00:11:51,520 --> 00:11:58,060
diabetes ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰
144
00:11:58,060 --> 00:12:05,220
ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ levels ู…ู† ุงู„ glucose
145
00:12:05,220 --> 00:12:10,640
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„
146
00:12:10,640 --> 00:12:13,640
reference range ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด
147
00:12:13,640 --> 00:12:18,990
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ glucoseู„ุฃู†ู‡
148
00:12:18,990 --> 00:12:24,090
ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ glucose ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ complications
149
00:12:24,090 --> 00:12:30,780
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุทุจุนุง
150
00:12:30,780 --> 00:12:36,400
ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ management ู„ ุงู„ patients ููŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
151
00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:39,820
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏ ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
152
00:12:39,820 --> 00:12:45,040
short term ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ู„glucose ูˆููŠ
153
00:12:45,040 --> 00:12:49,840
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ long term monitoring ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„
154
00:12:49,840 --> 00:12:51,880
glycated proteins
155
00:12:53,870 --> 00:12:58,850
ุงู„ู€ detection and monitoring of complications ุทุจุนุง
156
00:12:58,850 --> 00:13:04,350
ุจุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ complications ุงู„ู„ูŠ
157
00:13:04,350 --> 00:13:09,610
ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ kidney disease ูˆุจุงู„ู€ nephropathy ูˆู‡ุฐุง
158
00:13:09,610 --> 00:13:12,950
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ kidney function test ุฒูŠ
159
00:13:12,950 --> 00:13:19,030
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุฑูŠุชุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ saying
160
00:13:19,030 --> 00:13:21,010
urine for albuminuria
161
00:13:23,400 --> 00:13:30,480
ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุถุน ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุฒูŠ
162
00:13:30,480 --> 00:13:34,200
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Islet Cell ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Pancreas
163
00:13:34,200 --> 00:13:39,640
Transplantation ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู†ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุจุงู„ุชู… ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
164
00:13:39,640 --> 00:13:45,040
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€C-Peptide ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ
165
00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:52,500
ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ุฒุฑุงุนุชู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„
166
00:13:53,150 --> 00:13:57,950
ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†
167
00:13:57,950 --> 00:14:04,610
ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุชู…ู„ู‰ ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฒู‰ ู…ุง
168
00:14:04,610 --> 00:14:12,030
ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ glucose ุงู„ fasting ุงูˆ ุงู„ randomุทุจุนุง
169
00:14:12,030 --> 00:14:15,030
ููŠ ุงู„ blood ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ urine ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ glycated
170
00:14:15,030 --> 00:14:20,150
proteins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ proteinุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฑุชุจุท ู…ุนู‡ุง ุงู„
171
00:14:20,150 --> 00:14:23,570
glucose ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ hemoglobin A1C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ
172
00:14:23,570 --> 00:14:29,890
ุดู‡ุฑุฉ ููŠู†ุง fractosamine ูˆููŠู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง glycated serum
173
00:14:29,890 --> 00:14:31,070
albumin
174
00:14:33,480 --> 00:14:39,260
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠุถุง one five anhydroglucitol ุงูˆ one five
175
00:14:39,260 --> 00:14:43,640
a g ููŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ urinary proteins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
176
00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:48,840
ุงู„ุจูˆู…ู†ูˆุฑูŠุง ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุถุน ุงู„
177
00:14:48,840 --> 00:14:55,340
kidney ุงู„ุจูˆู…ู†ูˆุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุงุฑุฌ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงูˆ
178
00:14:55,340 --> 00:15:00,320
ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจ microalbuminuriaู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูุถู„
179
00:15:00,320 --> 00:15:03,720
ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชู… ุชุณู…ูŠุชู‡ ุจู‚ู„ุจู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ ุฑูŠุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู
180
00:15:03,720 --> 00:15:09,180
proteinuria ุงู„ proteins ููŠ ุงู„ urine ูˆ evaluation
181
00:15:09,180 --> 00:15:15,620
of complicationsุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ ูƒุฑูŠุชุงู†ูŠู†
182
00:15:15,620 --> 00:15:19,780
ู„ู„ู€ kidney function ูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุณุชุฑูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ tri
183
00:15:19,780 --> 00:15:26,100
-glycerides ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ risk
184
00:15:26,100 --> 00:15:29,960
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ cardiovascular diseases
185
00:15:29,960 --> 00:15:36,920
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุบู„ุงูƒุงุช ุงู„ proteins ุฃุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
186
00:15:36,920 --> 00:15:42,840
hemoglobin A1Cุฅุฐุง ุญุฏ ุญุงุจุจ ูŠุญูƒูŠู„ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ agglicated
187
00:15:42,840 --> 00:15:46,580
proteinsุŒ ูŠุดูˆู ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ูˆ ูŠุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ agglicated
188
00:15:46,580 --> 00:15:49,320
proteins ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ
189
00:15:52,910 --> 00:15:55,450
ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ glucated proteins ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
190
00:15:55,450 --> 00:16:02,390
hemoglobin A1C ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดู‡ุฑุฉ effective in
191
00:16:02,390 --> 00:16:07,170
monitoring long term glucose control in people
192
00:16:07,170 --> 00:16:11,550
with diabetes mellitus ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
193
00:16:11,550 --> 00:16:18,520
ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู†ุนู…ู„ ูƒู„ ุชู„ุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
194
00:16:18,520 --> 00:16:25,260
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุฏู„ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆู…ุฏู‰
195
00:16:25,260 --> 00:16:30,300
ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุณูˆุงุก ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ุญู…ูŠุฉ
196
00:16:31,840 --> 00:16:35,800
ูŠุฌุจ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin A1C ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
197
00:16:35,800 --> 00:16:40,460
Retrospective Index of Integrated Plasma Glucose
198
00:16:40,460 --> 00:16:44,220
Values over an expected period of timeุŒ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ
199
00:16:44,220 --> 00:16:50,140
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุชู„ุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ Aggregated hemoglobin
200
00:16:50,140 --> 00:16:54,580
concentrations therefore are invaluableูˆู‚ู…ุช ุจุนู…ู„
201
00:16:54,580 --> 00:16:55,040
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
202
00:16:55,040 --> 00:16:55,580
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
203
00:16:55,580 --> 00:16:59,460
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
204
00:16:59,460 --> 00:17:02,520
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
205
00:17:02,520 --> 00:17:03,080
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
206
00:17:03,080 --> 00:17:03,360
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
207
00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:03,360
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
208
00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:03,400
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
209
00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:08,960
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุน
210
00:17:13,010 --> 00:17:15,510
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฅุฌู„ุงูƒุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† recently been
211
00:17:15,510 --> 00:17:19,110
recommended for the diagnosis of diabetes ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†
212
00:17:19,110 --> 00:17:23,610
ู‡ุฐุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
213
00:17:23,610 --> 00:17:27,550
standardized method ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูˆู…ุด ุฃูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
214
00:17:28,930 --> 00:17:36,670
ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin A1C ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ measure of
215
00:17:36,670 --> 00:17:39,430
risk for the development of microvascular
216
00:17:39,430 --> 00:17:44,910
complications of diabetes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„
217
00:17:44,910 --> 00:17:52,030
Hemoglobin A1C ุงู„ percentage ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
218
00:17:52,030 --> 00:17:56,790
ู‡ุฐุง at higher risk ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„microvascular
219
00:17:56,790 --> 00:17:57,750
complications
220
00:18:00,810 --> 00:18:05,670
ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† A1C ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒูˆู†
221
00:18:05,670 --> 00:18:10,910
ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 80% ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† A1
222
00:18:14,630 --> 00:18:20,350
ูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin A1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† Hemoglobin 1A
223
00:18:20,350 --> 00:18:26,010
Hemoglobin 1C ูˆ Hemoglobin Hemoglobin 1A ูˆ
224
00:18:26,010 --> 00:18:30,650
Hemoglobin 1B ูˆ Hemoglobin 1C ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
225
00:18:30,650 --> 00:18:35,570
ุจูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… Hemoglobin A1 ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู†ุง ุงู„
226
00:18:35,570 --> 00:18:39,790
major fraction ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Hemoglobin A1C ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุซู„
227
00:18:39,790 --> 00:18:42,010
80%
228
00:18:44,730 --> 00:18:48,250
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
229
00:18:48,250 --> 00:18:52,370
Hemoglobin ู…ุซู„ุง A1A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Hemoglobin A
230
00:18:52,370 --> 00:18:58,830
ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน Fructose Hemoglobin 1A2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
231
00:18:58,830 --> 00:19:03,870
Hemoglobin A ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน Glucose 6-Fosfate ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
232
00:19:03,870 --> 00:19:08,030
ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
233
00:19:08,030 --> 00:19:14,500
Hemoglobin A1C ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ุงุงู„ู€
234
00:19:14,500 --> 00:19:19,580
FormationุŒ ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Formation of
235
00:19:19,580 --> 00:19:23,560
Glycated Hemoglobin is essentially irreversible
236
00:19:23,560 --> 00:19:29,500
ูˆุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† reversible ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚
237
00:19:29,500 --> 00:19:33,480
ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Glycated Hemoglobin is
238
00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:37,560
essentially irreversible ู…ุฒุงู„ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุงุฑุชุจุงุทุจูŠู†
239
00:19:37,560 --> 00:19:41,920
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
240
00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:47,920
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ effect ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰. The concentration
241
00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:51,500
in the blood depends on both the lifespan of the
242
00:19:51,500 --> 00:19:54,880
red blood cells ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู†ุณุจุฉ
243
00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:59,380
ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูŠุช ุงู„ Hemoglobin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู…
244
00:19:59,380 --> 00:20:06,040
ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ูˆุฅู†ุงู„ู€ Blood Glucose Concentration ููŠ
245
00:20:06,040 --> 00:20:12,480
ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู…ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€
246
00:20:12,480 --> 00:20:19,200
Glucated Hemoglobin ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ
247
00:20:19,200 --> 00:20:22,820
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Glucose
248
00:20:25,970 --> 00:20:32,330
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ N-terminal amino group ู„ุงู„ูˆ
249
00:20:32,330 --> 00:20:41,250
ุงู„ beta-chain ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ูŠู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
250
00:20:41,250 --> 00:20:48,210
ุงู„ skiff baseูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ aldamine ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
251
00:20:48,210 --> 00:20:54,130
ketoamine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hemoglobin A1C ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
252
00:20:54,130 --> 00:20:59,590
ุนู†ุง rearrangement ู„ุงู„ aldamine ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ketoamine
253
00:20:59,590 --> 00:21:04,050
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hemoglobin A1C ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ hemoglobin A ู…ุน
254
00:21:04,050 --> 00:21:10,470
ุงู„ glucose ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ pre hemoglobin A1Cูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ
255
00:21:10,470 --> 00:21:17,110
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญุงู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ reversible ุชู…ุงู… ูุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ
256
00:21:17,110 --> 00:21:20,390
ู‡ุฐู‡ reversible ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ pre-hemoglobin A1C
257
00:21:20,390 --> 00:21:25,490
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃู†ุง rearrangement ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุชู…ุงู…
258
00:21:25,490 --> 00:21:30,790
ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ hemoglobin A1C ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ irreversible
259
00:21:30,790 --> 00:21:34,990
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู… ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูู‚ุท
260
00:21:37,890 --> 00:21:41,030
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูˆุจูŠู†
261
00:21:41,030 --> 00:21:45,330
ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† plasma glucose in the preceding one
262
00:21:45,330 --> 00:21:48,590
month determines fifty percent of the hemoglobin
263
00:21:48,590 --> 00:21:53,290
A1C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ
264
00:21:53,290 --> 00:21:58,110
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ุจุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
265
00:21:58,110 --> 00:22:02,650
ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู†ุณุจุฉ
266
00:22:02,650 --> 00:22:05,350
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ plasma glucose in the preceding one month
267
00:22:06,490 --> 00:22:11,890
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุญุฑูŠูƒ 50% ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† A1C ุงู„ุขู†
268
00:22:11,890 --> 00:22:17,150
ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
269
00:22:17,150 --> 00:22:22,810
ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูˆ
270
00:22:22,810 --> 00:22:26,170
ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
271
00:22:26,170 --> 00:22:31,850
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุงูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ interpretation ู„ู„ูŠุบู„ุงูƒุงุช
272
00:22:31,850 --> 00:22:33,910
ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† depends on red blood cells ู„ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง
273
00:22:33,910 --> 00:22:39,790
ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ุงู„ุงุถุทุจุงุท ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Beta-Chain ููŠ
274
00:22:39,790 --> 00:22:41,710
ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Red Blood Cells
275
00:22:41,710 --> 00:22:46,230
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุฅุดูŠ ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ู€ Red Blood Cells
276
00:22:46,230 --> 00:22:50,930
ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Negligated Hemoglobin ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
277
00:22:50,930 --> 00:22:55,690
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุน ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆู„ุชูƒ ุฃูˆ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุน ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุญูŠุงุฉ
278
00:22:55,690 --> 00:23:01,190
ุงู„ู€ Red Blood Cells ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ู€ Negligated
279
00:23:01,190 --> 00:23:05,870
Hemoglobinุจุฑุถู‡ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ูˆู‡
280
00:23:05,870 --> 00:23:10,010
significant blood loss ูŠุจู‚ู‰ individuals with
281
00:23:10,010 --> 00:23:14,390
recent significant blood loss ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
282
00:23:14,390 --> 00:23:19,250
ุงู„ูˆู‡ falsely low values ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ูุญุต ูˆ
283
00:23:19,250 --> 00:23:23,510
ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ hemoglobin a1c ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ู„ูƒู†
284
00:23:23,510 --> 00:23:27,550
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† falsely low ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูู‚ุท ู„ุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
285
00:23:27,550 --> 00:23:31,370
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…
286
00:23:33,110 --> 00:23:37,230
ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ high fraction of younger
287
00:23:37,230 --> 00:23:43,690
erythrocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด ููŠู‡ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ
288
00:23:43,690 --> 00:23:50,050
ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ high ุฅุฌู„ุงูƒูŠุฉ
289
00:23:50,050 --> 00:23:53,470
ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง
290
00:23:53,470 --> 00:23:57,570
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู„ุฅุฌู„ุงูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ iron
291
00:23:57,570 --> 00:24:00,930
deficiency anemiaูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Iron deficiency
292
00:24:00,930 --> 00:24:03,770
anemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู„ูˆุจ ุงู† ุงุฐุง ู†ุณูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„
293
00:24:03,770 --> 00:24:08,130
concentration ุงุฑุชูุนุช ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ mechanism ูˆูƒูŠู ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
294
00:24:08,130 --> 00:24:11,050
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ is unknown
295
00:24:13,780 --> 00:24:17,100
ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin A1C ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
296
00:24:17,100 --> 00:24:21,060
Glucated Glucated Protein ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
297
00:24:21,060 --> 00:24:27,420
ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ูˆ ูุนู„ูŠุง ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ
298
00:24:27,420 --> 00:24:32,920
ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
299
00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:38,480
ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุคุซุฑุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูˆุตูŠ ุจูุญุต ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin
300
00:24:38,480 --> 00:24:42,060
A1C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูŠ
301
00:24:43,260 --> 00:24:46,320
to document degree of glycemic control and to
302
00:24:46,320 --> 00:24:50,620
assess response to a treatment ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
303
00:24:50,620 --> 00:24:53,080
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ูˆูŠุฏูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
304
00:24:53,080 --> 00:24:59,160
ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆุงูŠุถุง ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
305
00:25:01,150 --> 00:25:04,390
ุงู„ู€ Absolute risk of retinopathy and nephropathy
306
00:25:04,390 --> 00:25:07,710
were directly proportional to the mean hemoglobin
307
00:25:07,710 --> 00:25:11,270
A1C concentration ุนูŠุจ ุฌุงุก ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ hemoglobin
308
00:25:11,270 --> 00:25:17,770
A1C ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ risk ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„
309
00:25:17,770 --> 00:25:21,550
complications ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู„ุฌูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡
310
00:25:21,550 --> 00:25:25,150
each one percent reduction in hemoglobin A1C ูŠุนู†ูŠ
311
00:25:25,150 --> 00:25:31,910
ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒุงู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ุฉูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุตุงุญุจ ู„ู€
312
00:25:31,910 --> 00:25:39,290
reduction of 37% for microvascular disease ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
313
00:25:39,290 --> 00:25:44,170
ูƒุงู† ููŠู†ุง 21% for death related to diabetes ูƒุงู† ููŠ
314
00:25:44,170 --> 00:25:48,810
ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุจุฑุถู‡ reduction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 21% ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒุงู†
315
00:25:48,810 --> 00:25:53,860
ููŠ reduction ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 14%ู„ู„ู€ myocardial infarction
316
00:25:53,860 --> 00:26:00,020
ุจู‚ู‰ 1% ู„ู‡ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠู„ ุงู„ complications
317
00:26:00,020 --> 00:26:09,040
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุทุฑู‚ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ูุญุต ู„ุฌุฑุงูƒุงุช
318
00:26:09,040 --> 00:26:11,900
ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…oglobins ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ hemoglobin A1C more than
319
00:26:11,900 --> 00:26:18,110
150 different methods have been describedุงู„ู€ ADA
320
00:26:18,110 --> 00:26:21,750
ุชุฑุฌุญ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงุชุจูŠุฑุงุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin A1c
321
00:26:21,750 --> 00:26:28,530
ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงุช ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ NGSP ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
322
00:26:28,530 --> 00:26:33,350
ู‡ูˆ standardized with certified method ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง
323
00:26:33,350 --> 00:26:40,030
ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุณูˆุงุก ู„ู„ diagnoses ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ
324
00:26:40,030 --> 00:26:41,710
ู„ู„ุทุจ
325
00:26:43,870 --> 00:26:50,550
ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุฌูŠู†ูŠุฒูŠูŠุดูŠ ุงู„ู€ NGSB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
326
00:26:50,550 --> 00:26:58,090
ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
327
00:26:58,090 --> 00:27:01,470
ู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin A1C reported as a percentage
328
00:27:01,470 --> 00:27:05,690
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุนู†ุฏู†ุง of total hemoglobin
329
00:27:07,250 --> 00:27:11,630
ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุงุกู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ NGSP System ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡
330
00:27:11,630 --> 00:27:15,050
units ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุงุกู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
331
00:27:15,050 --> 00:27:17,330
International Federation of Clinical Chemistry
332
00:27:17,330 --> 00:27:23,990
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ units ู‡ูŠ ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆู„
333
00:27:23,990 --> 00:27:30,010
Hemoglobin UNC ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ู…oglobin
334
00:27:30,010 --> 00:27:35,310
Multinational
335
00:27:35,310 --> 00:27:36,650
Prospective Study
336
00:27:39,860 --> 00:27:44,500
ูˆุงู†ุชุฌุช ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุบู„ูˆุจูŠู† A1C ูˆู…ุฑุชุจุฉ
337
00:27:44,500 --> 00:27:49,920
ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุบู„ูˆุจูŠู† A1C ูˆู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุบู„ูˆุจูŠู† A1C ูˆู…ุฑุชุจุฉ
338
00:27:49,920 --> 00:27:58,040
ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุบู„ูˆุจูŠู† A1C ูˆู…ุฑุชุจุฉ
339
00:27:58,040 --> 00:28:06,320
ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุบู„ูˆุจูŠู† A1C ูˆู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุบู„ูˆุจูŠู† A1Cูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
340
00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:09,060
ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠ ู„ูŠู†ุง correlation ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
341
00:28:09,060 --> 00:28:13,760
ุงู„ percentage ู„ ุงู„ hemoglobin A1C ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุฌุฏุงุด
342
00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:19,100
ุฃูˆ ู†ุนู…ู„ estimation ู„ ุงู„ average glucose ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
343
00:28:19,100 --> 00:28:25,300
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู‚ุงู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
344
00:28:25,300 --> 00:28:30,060
regression equation ุงู„ู„ูŠ
345
00:28:30,060 --> 00:28:35,610
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ formula ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ estimatedAverage Glucose
346
00:28:35,610 --> 00:28:41,630
ุจุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ุจุงู„ุฏูŠุณู„ูŠุชุฑ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 28.7 ุถุฑุจ Hemoglobin
347
00:28:41,630 --> 00:28:47,070
A1C ู†ุงู‚ุต 46.7
348
00:28:48,910 --> 00:28:53,990
ูุญุต ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู„ู€ intermediate term
349
00:28:53,990 --> 00:28:57,770
ุงุญู†ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ glucose ู„ุฃ ุงู„ short term ูˆ ู„ุฃู†
350
00:28:57,770 --> 00:29:01,490
ุงู„ุฌู„ุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ู„ุฃ ุงู„ long term ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
351
00:29:01,490 --> 00:29:08,230
ุงู„ 1,5-anhydroglucitol ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ intermediate
352
00:29:08,230 --> 00:29:18,950
term ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุญุตู†ุง ู„ู„ 1,5-AGู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนูƒุณ ู„ู†ุง ูƒู…
353
00:29:18,950 --> 00:29:23,730
ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ Glucose concentration ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ 14
354
00:29:23,730 --> 00:29:33,370
ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุงู„ู€ 15AG ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Deoxy Form of
355
00:29:33,370 --> 00:29:36,770
Glucose ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠู„ูุฌุฑ ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ
356
00:29:36,770 --> 00:29:42,490
ุชู…ุงู… ุจู†ุฒุน ุงู„ู€ OH group ุจูŠุญูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ 15
357
00:29:42,490 --> 00:29:44,410
-anhydroglicitol
358
00:29:46,610 --> 00:29:52,490
ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู€ 1,5-anhydroglycitol originates
359
00:29:52,490 --> 00:29:57,750
predominantly from the diet ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
360
00:29:57,750 --> 00:30:03,170
ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุฃุนุธู… ุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ diet ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 99.9%
361
00:30:06,060 --> 00:30:13,620
ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู€ 1,5-anhydroglicitol ุจุณู„ู‡ุง filtration ูˆ
362
00:30:13,620 --> 00:30:17,120
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฑุฌุน ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ kidney ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฑุฌุน
363
00:30:17,120 --> 00:30:24,420
ุจุณู„ู‡ุง reabsorption ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ SGLT4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Sodium
364
00:30:24,420 --> 00:30:27,040
Dependent Glucose Transporter
365
00:30:29,450 --> 00:30:36,210
ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู…ุช ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง
366
00:30:36,210 --> 00:30:42,500
ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ salivaู„ูŠู‡ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ one five ag
367
00:30:42,500 --> 00:30:48,300
ูˆูŠู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูุญุต ุงู„ one five ag ููŠ ุงู„ saliva
368
00:30:48,300 --> 00:30:56,120
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนูƒุณ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ one five ag ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
369
00:30:56,120 --> 00:31:01,040
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูุญุต ุงู„ one five ag ููŠ ุงู„ saliva
370
00:31:02,070 --> 00:31:07,630
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ intermediate ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
371
00:31:07,630 --> 00:31:11,650
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง term of monitoring ู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
372
00:31:11,650 --> 00:31:14,630
ุฅู„ู‰ more research
373
00:31:18,410 --> 00:31:22,230
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„
374
00:31:22,230 --> 00:31:24,850
ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ
375
00:31:24,850 --> 00:31:31,970
ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ
376
00:31:31,970 --> 00:31:38,970
ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„
377
00:31:38,970 --> 00:31:39,490
ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ
378
00:31:39,490 --> 00:31:43,810
ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ
379
00:31:43,810 --> 00:31:50,610
ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู…ูˆูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏู‰
380
00:31:50,610 --> 00:31:59,450
ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ 1,5 Ag ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†
381
00:31:59,450 --> 00:32:06,490
ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ glucose ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุงุชุฎุทู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰
382
00:32:06,490 --> 00:32:13,150
ู‡ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฒ ุงู„ 180 ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„
383
00:32:13,150 --> 00:32:18,010
reabsorption ู„ู„ 1,5 Agูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงู„ู€ 1
384
00:32:18,010 --> 00:32:25,430
,5-AG ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ู‰ low 1,5-AG indicates
385
00:32:25,430 --> 00:32:30,910
hyperiglycemia ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุฎูุถ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ 1,5-AG ููŠ
386
00:32:30,910 --> 00:32:34,830
ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู†ู‰ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
387
00:32:34,830 --> 00:32:39,730
hyperiglycemia correlated particularly with
388
00:32:39,730 --> 00:32:44,090
postprandial blood glucose concentration
389
00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:53,920
ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุชู… ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ 15AG Automated
390
00:32:53,920 --> 00:33:00,120
Calorimetric Assay ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ approved ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ FDA
391
00:33:00,120 --> 00:33:07,200
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู€ glyco mark ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ
392
00:33:07,200 --> 00:33:12,380
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ concentration ู„ู€ 15ุงู„ู€ AG ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุญุฏุฏ
393
00:33:12,380 --> 00:33:17,280
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ
394
00:33:17,280 --> 00:33:24,460
ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ูŠู† ูˆู…ู†
395
00:33:24,460 --> 00:33:32,290
ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ hemoglobin A1CูŠุนู†ูŠ
396
00:33:32,290 --> 00:33:38,630
ุชุจูŠู† ุฅู† ุงู„ู€15AG ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒุดู ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
397
00:33:38,630 --> 00:33:48,990
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู„ู€
398
00:33:48,990 --> 00:33:53,770
Glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Spikes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
399
00:33:53,770 --> 00:33:59,950
ุงู„ู€Aposteprandial ุนุงุฏุฉ Spikes ู…ู† ุงู„ู€Hyperglycemia
400
00:34:01,330 --> 00:34:04,510
ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง patient
401
00:34:04,510 --> 00:34:12,550
fifty year old female ูˆ ุงู„ hemoglobin A1c ูุญุตูˆู‡
402
00:34:12,550 --> 00:34:20,630
ู„ุฌูˆู‡ ุณุจุนุฉ point ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ูุญุตูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
403
00:34:20,630 --> 00:34:24,990
one five AG ู„ุฌูˆู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ concentration ุงุชู†ุงุด point
404
00:34:24,990 --> 00:34:29,700
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ micro gram ู„ูƒู„ milุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
405
00:34:29,700 --> 00:34:33,060
interpretation ู„ ุงู„ results ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
406
00:34:33,060 --> 00:34:37,620
ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ normal ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
407
00:34:37,620 --> 00:34:40,400
ู‚ู„ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู†ุง hyperglycemia ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
408
00:34:40,400 --> 00:34:44,960
ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ abnormal glycomark
409
00:34:47,200 --> 00:34:51,840
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฐุง
410
00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:55,980
ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ู‡ุงู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ spikes ู„ุงู„ู€
411
00:34:55,980 --> 00:35:01,720
hyperglycemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ hemoglobin A1C 7.4
412
00:35:01,720 --> 00:35:08,720
ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง patient ุขุฎุฑ 49 ุณู†ุฉ old male ุงู„
413
00:35:08,720 --> 00:35:15,490
hemoglobin A1C ุจุฑุถู‡ 7.4ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู†ู‡
414
00:35:15,490 --> 00:35:22,350
ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง repeated lengthy spikes ููŠ ุนู†ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„
415
00:35:22,350 --> 00:35:26,330
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ spikes ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
416
00:35:26,330 --> 00:35:34,090
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู…ุฑุงุช ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑุฉ ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุชู…ุงู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„
417
00:35:34,090 --> 00:35:39,290
hemoglobin A1c 7.4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู„ุฅู†
418
00:35:43,270 --> 00:35:50,350
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุดู ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ glucomarg ุฃูˆ
419
00:35:50,350 --> 00:35:59,660
ุงู„ 15AG ุจุฌู‡ุงู† ุงู„ 15AG ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 4.5 ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆ ุฌุฑุงู…ูŠุนู†ูŠ
420
00:35:59,660 --> 00:36:06,140
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ููŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
421
00:36:06,140 --> 00:36:14,680
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ intermediate term ู„ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู†
422
00:36:14,680 --> 00:36:20,520
ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูŠ
423
00:36:20,520 --> 00:36:26,200
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู†ุทู„ุจ ุณู†ูˆูŠุง
424
00:36:27,790 --> 00:36:33,610
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ albuminuria ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุงู„
425
00:36:33,610 --> 00:36:37,090
complications ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ microvascular complications
426
00:36:37,090 --> 00:36:43,290
ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ nephropathy ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ patients ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
427
00:36:43,290 --> 00:36:50,350
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ renal damageูˆุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ
428
00:36:50,350 --> 00:36:51,330
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ
429
00:36:51,330 --> 00:36:53,210
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ
430
00:36:53,210 --> 00:37:01,090
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ
431
00:37:01,090 --> 00:37:06,030
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ
432
00:37:06,030 --> 00:37:11,630
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉ
433
00:37:11,630 --> 00:37:20,870
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌุฆุฉู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุงุตู„ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุณูƒุฑูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 60%
434
00:37:20,870 --> 00:37:25,110
ู…ู† ุงู„ cases ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ with end stage renal disease
435
00:37:25,110 --> 00:37:32,690
are patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ูŠุจู‚ู‰
436
00:37:32,690 --> 00:37:35,070
most common cause of end stage renal disease in
437
00:37:35,070 --> 00:37:37,250
the United States and Europe ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
438
00:37:37,250 --> 00:37:43,370
diabetesุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Macroalbuminuria ููŠ ุงู„ู€
439
00:37:43,370 --> 00:37:50,930
Type I ุชู… ุชุตูุญ ูƒู€ 15% ุฅู„ู‰ 25% ูˆุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ
440
00:37:50,930 --> 00:37:56,810
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Macroalbuminuria ุชู… ุชุตูุญ ูƒู€ 25% ุฅู„ู‰ 40%
441
00:37:58,880 --> 00:38:06,560
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ micro album ู†ูˆุฑูŠุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„
442
00:38:06,560 --> 00:38:13,280
urinary albumูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชุฑุงูˆุญ ุจูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰
443
00:38:13,280 --> 00:38:18,060
ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู„ูŠ ุงุฌุฑุงู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑูŠู† hour
444
00:38:18,060 --> 00:38:23,760
urine collectionุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆ ุฃู„ุจูˆู… ู†ูˆุฑูŠุง ู…ุงู†ุช ูˆ
445
00:38:23,760 --> 00:38:28,420
ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ winner album execution ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
446
00:38:28,420 --> 00:38:33,420
ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ milligram ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุน ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงุนุฉ
447
00:38:33,420 --> 00:38:40,100
ููŠ ุงู„ type one ุงู„ type two diabetes malatus ุจุฑุถู‡
448
00:38:40,100 --> 00:38:44,160
microalbum ู†ูˆุฑูŠุง occurred in 38 percent of
449
00:38:44,160 --> 00:38:49,350
participants in a cohort studyูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ type one ูˆ
450
00:38:49,350 --> 00:38:53,730
ุงู„ type two ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ complications ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
451
00:38:53,730 --> 00:38:59,170
ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ micro albumuria ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุทูˆุฑ
452
00:38:59,170 --> 00:39:02,090
ู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ macro albumuria
453
00:39:04,610 --> 00:39:08,370
ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ู€ diabetic nephropathy ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
454
00:39:08,370 --> 00:39:10,650
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ
455
00:39:10,650 --> 00:39:13,110
ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
456
00:39:13,110 --> 00:39:15,890
ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู…
457
00:39:15,890 --> 00:39:19,850
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ
458
00:39:19,850 --> 00:39:20,590
ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
459
00:39:20,590 --> 00:39:20,630
ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู…
460
00:39:20,630 --> 00:39:21,610
ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ
461
00:39:21,610 --> 00:39:25,070
ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชุฌุงุฑุงู„ู€ kidney ูˆ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง
462
00:39:25,070 --> 00:39:31,070
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏุฃุช ุงู„ .. ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ nephropathy ุฃูˆ
463
00:39:31,070 --> 00:39:35,730
ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ kidney Persistent
464
00:39:35,730 --> 00:39:38,930
proteinuria detectable by routine screening
465
00:39:43,120 --> 00:39:46,260
ุงู„ู€ Persistent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ proteinuria ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
466
00:39:46,260 --> 00:39:49,640
ุณุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ macro proteinuria detectable by routine
467
00:39:49,640 --> 00:39:54,020
screening test ุงู„ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ execution rate
468
00:39:54,020 --> 00:39:57,360
ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 200 ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆ ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ minute ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
469
00:39:57,360 --> 00:40:03,900
ู…ู† 300 ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ 24 hours ุทุจุนุง
470
00:40:03,900 --> 00:40:06,660
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง persistent proteinuria ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
471
00:40:06,660 --> 00:40:12,620
macroุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู„ุจูˆู… ู†ูˆุฑูŠุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูˆุญูŠ ุฃู†ู‡
472
00:40:12,620 --> 00:40:15,820
ููŠุงู†ุง overt diabetic nephropathy
473
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:20,720
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ long term
474
00:40:20,720 --> 00:40:24,300
complications associated with long standing
475
00:40:24,300 --> 00:40:29,220
disease. Once diabetic nephropathy occurs, renal
476
00:40:29,220 --> 00:40:33,260
function deteriorates rapidly and renal
477
00:40:33,260 --> 00:40:38,220
insufficiency evolves ูˆุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠู‡
478
00:40:38,220 --> 00:40:42,040
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ end stage renal disease ูˆ renal failure
479
00:40:42,920 --> 00:40:46,360
Treatment at this stage can retard the rate of
480
00:40:46,360 --> 00:40:50,240
percolation without stopping or reversing the
481
00:40:50,240 --> 00:40:56,320
renal damage ุนุดุงู†
482
00:40:56,320 --> 00:41:05,020
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ูƒุดู ุนู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„
483
00:41:05,020 --> 00:41:08,000
.. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ album ู†ูˆุฑูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
484
00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:12,460
ุชุณู…ู‰ ุณุงุจู‚ ุงู„ micro album ู†ูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
485
00:41:12,460 --> 00:41:18,520
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ู„ุชุฏุฎู„ ูˆู…ู†ุน ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ renal
486
00:41:18,520 --> 00:41:19,640
failure
487
00:41:22,040 --> 00:41:24,860
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ preceding this stage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€
488
00:41:24,860 --> 00:41:28,200
Macroalbuminuria ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ of increased
489
00:41:28,200 --> 00:41:32,720
albumin execution rate not detected by routine
490
00:41:32,720 --> 00:41:36,720
dipstick methods ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ
491
00:41:36,720 --> 00:41:40,560
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ูุญุต ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ protein ูˆ ุงู„ dipstick ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู†
492
00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:45,140
ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ detection ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู†
493
00:41:45,530 --> 00:41:48,430
ุงู„ุฃู„ุจูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุชุฑุงูˆุญ ุจูŠู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุชูŠู† microgram
494
00:41:48,430 --> 00:41:52,270
ููŠ ุงู„ minute ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชู…ุงุฆุฉ milligram ู„ูƒู„
495
00:41:52,270 --> 00:41:57,090
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
496
00:41:57,090 --> 00:42:02,610
ู‚ู„ู†ุง microalbuminuria ุฃูˆ albuminuria current
497
00:42:02,610 --> 00:42:04,490
nomenclature has eliminated the term
498
00:42:04,490 --> 00:42:09,750
microalbuminuriaุงู† macro albumuria ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡
499
00:42:09,750 --> 00:42:14,610
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูู‡ู… ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ micro albumuria ุชู…ุงู…
500
00:42:14,610 --> 00:42:17,330
ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู† album ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
501
00:42:17,330 --> 00:42:22,790
micro ุงูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆุงุณุชุจุฏู„ูˆู‡ ุจุงู„ albumuria ู„ูƒู†
502
00:42:22,790 --> 00:42:26,110
ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ micro
503
00:42:26,110 --> 00:42:29,010
albumuria ูˆ ุงู„ macro albumuria
504
00:42:31,210 --> 00:42:33,510
ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ macro albumuria
505
00:42:33,510 --> 00:42:37,850
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† misleading ุงู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุชุจุด ูุงู‡ู…
506
00:42:37,850 --> 00:42:42,310
ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ implies a small version of the
507
00:42:42,310 --> 00:42:45,970
album molecule rather than an excretion rate of
508
00:42:45,970 --> 00:42:49,590
album greater than normal but less than detectable
509
00:42:49,590 --> 00:42:53,570
by routine methods ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูู‡ู… ุงู† micro ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
510
00:42:53,570 --> 00:42:57,910
ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู†
511
00:42:57,910 --> 00:43:03,180
ุงู„ album ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠูˆุจุชุงุน ุนู„ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ micro
512
00:43:03,180 --> 00:43:07,240
albumuria ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุญุจุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุทุฑุญ ู„ูƒู†
513
00:43:07,240 --> 00:43:12,180
ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฏุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุนู„ูŠุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ micro
514
00:43:12,180 --> 00:43:18,020
albumuria ุทุจุนุง
515
00:43:18,020 --> 00:43:27,180
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ุงู† ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ู„ุงู„ album ุนุจุฑ
516
00:43:28,810 --> 00:43:32,310
ุงู„ู€ glomerulus ู‡ุงู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† tuft of capillaries
517
00:43:32,310 --> 00:43:35,830
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
518
00:43:35,830 --> 00:43:44,710
wall filtration ู„ู„ blood ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
519
00:43:44,710 --> 00:43:51,610
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ proteinุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ molecular weight ุฃู‚ู„
520
00:43:51,610 --> 00:43:51,890
ู…ู†
521
00:43:54,810 --> 00:44:01,290
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณุชูŠู† ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุชู„ุชู†ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
522
00:44:01,290 --> 00:44:05,430
ุณุชูŠู† ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุชู„ุชู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุณู„ู‡ูˆุด ููŠู„ุชุฑูŠุด ูŠูุถู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
523
00:44:05,430 --> 00:44:09,050
ุจุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณู„ู‡ูˆ filtrationุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
524
00:44:09,050 --> 00:44:15,290
ููŠู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉููŠ ุงู„ ุงู„ pores ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
525
00:44:15,290 --> 00:44:21,790
capillaries ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ุญ ุจู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
526
00:44:21,790 --> 00:44:26,290
proteins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ molecular weight ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
527
00:44:26,290 --> 00:44:31,310
ุณุชูŠู† kilo Dalton ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ album ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
528
00:44:31,310 --> 00:44:37,710
ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง concentration ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
529
00:44:37,710 --> 00:44:44,590
ุงู„ proteins ููŠ ุงู„ urineูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุชุงุจุนุชู†ุง ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช
530
00:44:44,590 --> 00:44:49,610
ุงู„ุฃู„ุจูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณู„ู‚ execution ููŠ ุงู„ urine ุจุชุนุทูŠ
531
00:44:49,610 --> 00:44:55,070
indication ุนู† ุญุงู„ุฉุงู„ู€ microvessels ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฏู†
532
00:44:55,070 --> 00:45:00,130
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ risk ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ diabetic
533
00:45:00,130 --> 00:45:04,310
nephropathy ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุง ุจุงู„ู€ end-stage renal
534
00:45:04,310 --> 00:45:08,250
disease ูŠุจู‚ู‰ persistent album in execution rate
535
00:45:08,250 --> 00:45:12,410
greater than 20 microgram per minute represents a
536
00:45:12,410 --> 00:45:16,330
twenty-fold greater risk for the development of
537
00:45:16,330 --> 00:45:22,260
clinically overt renal diseaseูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฅู† ุงู„ู€
538
00:45:22,260 --> 00:45:25,920
execution ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† microgram ุจุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
539
00:45:25,920 --> 00:45:31,780
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ risk ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
540
00:45:31,780 --> 00:45:36,880
ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ kidney disease ูˆ ุจุงู„ patients ููŠ
541
00:45:36,880 --> 00:45:44,460
ุงู„type 1 ุฃูˆ ุงู„type 2ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุฃูƒุฏุช
542
00:45:44,460 --> 00:45:48,240
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆุฃูƒุฏุช ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ Increased urinary album
543
00:45:48,240 --> 00:45:50,840
execution in patients with diabetes mellitus
544
00:45:50,840 --> 00:45:54,060
precedes and is highly predictive of diabetic
545
00:45:54,060 --> 00:45:56,800
nephropathy, end-stage renal disease,
546
00:45:57,400 --> 00:46:02,280
cardiovascular mortality ูˆ ุงู„ู€ total mortality
547
00:46:02,280 --> 00:46:03,580
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
548
00:46:06,170 --> 00:46:13,290
ูˆุงู„ุจุชุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู
549
00:46:13,290 --> 00:46:22,650
ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Albuminuria ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„
550
00:46:22,650 --> 00:46:26,730
ู…ู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุง ุจู€ Kidney Disease
551
00:46:26,730 --> 00:46:33,750
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชูŠู†ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง DCCT ูˆ UKPDS
552
00:46:33,750 --> 00:46:37,910
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุชูŠู† ู„ุงุฌูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ intensive diabetes
553
00:46:37,910 --> 00:46:41,470
therapy can significantly reduce the risk of
554
00:46:41,470 --> 00:46:45,230
development of increased albumin excretion rate
555
00:46:45,230 --> 00:46:48,290
and overt nephropathy in individuals with diabetes
556
00:46:48,290 --> 00:46:58,730
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠุงู„ู€
557
00:46:58,730 --> 00:47:03,910
Nephropathy ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Renal Disease ูŠุนุดุงู†
558
00:47:03,910 --> 00:47:09,810
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ album ุจุงู„ urine ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
559
00:47:12,210 --> 00:47:17,870
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ execution ู„ู€ ุงู„ albumin
560
00:47:17,870 --> 00:47:24,850
ุจุงู„ู€ urine ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ cardiovascular diseases
561
00:47:24,850 --> 00:47:28,770
ุจุฑุถู‡ ูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ albumin execution rate
562
00:47:28,770 --> 00:47:32,950
identifies a group of non-diabetic subjects at
563
00:47:32,950 --> 00:47:39,830
increased risk for coronary artery disease ูˆูƒู…ุงู†
564
00:47:39,830 --> 00:47:44,050
ุญุชู‰ ุนู†ุฏุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุตุงุจูŠู†
565
00:47:44,050 --> 00:47:52,570
ุจุงู„ุฏูŠุงุจุชุงุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฎุทุฑ
566
00:47:52,570 --> 00:47:57,110
ุฅุตุงุจุชู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู€ Coronary Artery Disease ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
567
00:47:57,110 --> 00:47:59,930
interventions ุงู„ control of blood glucose
568
00:47:59,930 --> 00:48:05,250
concentration ูˆ blood pressure particularly with
569
00:48:05,250 --> 00:48:09,860
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorsุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
570
00:48:09,860 --> 00:48:15,660
ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุฎูุถุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎูุถุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุถุบุท Slow the
571
00:48:15,660 --> 00:48:22,580
rate of decline in renal function ูˆู‡ู†ุง
572
00:48:22,580 --> 00:48:25,920
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
573
00:48:25,920 --> 00:48:31,720
ุงู„ DCCT ูˆ ุงู„ UKBDS ูˆ ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃูŠุถุง Komamoto
574
00:48:33,340 --> 00:48:36,500
ุงู„ุชุฎููŠุถ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin A1C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ
575
00:48:36,500 --> 00:48:40,840
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† 9 ุนู„ู‰ 7.2 ู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ incidence of
576
00:48:40,840 --> 00:48:44,180
complications ู„ู„ู€ retinopathy ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 63% ู†ูุฑูˆุจุงุซูŠ
577
00:48:44,180 --> 00:48:48,740
ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 54% ู†ูŠูˆุฑูˆุจุงุซูŠ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 60% ูˆ ุงู„ cardiovascular
578
00:48:48,740 --> 00:48:54,380
disease ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 41% ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ hemoglobin
579
00:48:54,380 --> 00:48:58,520
A1C ู…ู† 9 ุฅู„ู‰ 7 ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ complications
580
00:48:58,520 --> 00:49:04,700
ุจุงู„ุฑุชูŠู†ูˆุจุงุซูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูุฑูˆุจุงุซูŠ ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุญุณู†ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
581
00:49:04,700 --> 00:49:11,940
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ neurons ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ
582
00:49:11,940 --> 00:49:16,820
ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู‚ู„ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ hemoglobin ONC ู…ู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ
583
00:49:16,820 --> 00:49:21,940
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ incidence ู„ ุงู„ complications
584
00:49:21,940 --> 00:49:25,680
ุฒูŠ ุงู„waritinopathy ูˆ ุงู„ nephropathy ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„
585
00:49:25,680 --> 00:49:28,440
cardiovascular disease
586
00:49:31,150 --> 00:49:34,870
ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ู†ูƒู† ุงู† ู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ debitas
587
00:49:34,870 --> 00:49:39,710
maletas ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠุถู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ case studies ุงู„ู„ูŠ
588
00:49:39,710 --> 00:49:46,350
ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ูˆุฌุงู‡ูŠ ูˆ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู
589
00:49:46,350 --> 00:49:46,910
ุนุงููŠุฉ