PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/Nq-CK4O_-MU.srt

1
00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:15,740
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today inshallah I'm

2
00:00:15,740 --> 00:00:19,400
going to continue with causative verbs. Last time

3
00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:22,480
we spoke about the meaning of causatives, the 

4
00:00:22,480 --> 00:00:26,580
definition of causatives, types of causatives in

5
00:00:26,580 --> 00:00:30,560
English, and we've seen that in English we have 

6
00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:36,260
active causatives and passive causatives. In case

7
00:00:36,260 --> 00:00:40,920
of active, the subject and the agent are available

8
00:00:40,920 --> 00:00:46,080
in the sentence. In case of passive, the agent is

9
00:00:46,080 --> 00:00:50,920
absent and it is replaced by the object, okay? We 

10
00:00:50,920 --> 00:00:54,400
have causative verbs which accept only bare 

11
00:00:54,400 --> 00:00:57,600
infinitive; however, we have causative verbs which

12
00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:03,400
accept to infinitive, okay? The verbs which accept

13
00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:12,390
bare infinitive are yes, have, let, and make, and the 

14
00:01:12,390 --> 00:01:15,210
verb which accept -- I mean the causative verb which

15
00:01:15,210 --> 00:01:20,190
accept both, get. Okay, still the rest of causatives 

16
00:01:20,190 --> 00:01:27,530
accept to infinitive, okay? يعني infinitive with to

17
00:01:27,530 --> 00:01:33,770
Okay, now

18
00:01:33,770 --> 00:01:40,180
this construction -- I mean the causative verbs -- is 

19
00:01:40,180 --> 00:01:46,000
either with bare infinitive or with to infinitive.

20
00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:52,200
It appears in active, appears in passive. It means

21
00:01:52,200 --> 00:02:00,700
that the causer does something to the cozy. Okay? It

22
00:02:00,700 --> 00:02:04,520
means the subject or the agent is responsible for

23
00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:11,180
causing an action done on the object itself. If

24
00:02:11,180 --> 00:02:15,560
you look to Arabic, do you have the same

25
00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:19,240
constructions? Do we have causative verbs in

26
00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:23,600
Arabic? Don't we have causative verbs? We have 

27
00:02:23,600 --> 00:02:26,280
causative verbs. We have causative verbs in 

28
00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:30,100
Arabic, but these causative verbs syntactically

29
00:02:30,100 --> 00:02:32,820
differ from English, and the function of the

30
00:02:32,820 --> 00:02:36,060
causative verb in Arabic differs from English.

31
00:02:36,180 --> 00:02:41,700
We've seen, or we dealt with, the infinitive and 

32
00:02:41,700 --> 00:02:47,840
bare infinitive in English. However, in Arabic, we 

33
00:02:47,840 --> 00:02:52,880
don't have this equivalence. We have the verb

34
00:02:52,880 --> 00:02:59,120
itself, has some sort of inflections added to it,

35
00:02:59,320 --> 00:03:02,440
so it becomes causative verb. The first

36
00:03:02,440 --> 00:03:09,080
inflection is allowed. Yes, this is by changing

37
00:03:09,080 --> 00:03:13,700
the inflection itself, the nominative, the

38
00:03:13,700 --> 00:03:23,000
genitive, and the accusative case. هزق هزق Okay. So

39
00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:27,860
we change the genitive case into accusative case,

40
00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:32,400
having the causative there. We still have what is

41
00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:39,660
called gemination. Okay. Hadama, haddama. Alima,

42
00:03:40,700 --> 00:03:47,710
allama. Okay. You add another sound, having what

43
00:03:47,710 --> 00:03:50,490
was called the consonant doubling. This is called

44
00:03:50,490 --> 00:03:55,710
gemination. Okay. Shut down. Okay, now still, we have 

45
00:03:55,710 --> 00:04:01,070
another way -- the third way. This is Hamza. Okay, you 

46
00:04:01,070 --> 00:04:05,950
have the Hamza, the glottal sound a. Okay, when I say 

47
00:04:05,950 --> 00:04:14,710
for example, Farrah, Farraha, Afraha. Okay, Alima, Alama. 

48
00:04:17,900 --> 00:04:28,940
But not all verbs have these three ways, okay? Don't

49
00:04:28,940 --> 00:04:33,380
have all these verbs accept the three ways, all

50
00:04:33,380 --> 00:04:38,260
together for making the verb causative, okay? We 

51
00:04:38,260 --> 00:04:41,460
have some verbs accept all-determination, some

52
00:04:41,460 --> 00:04:47,170
other verbs accept about another category of verbs 

53
00:04:47,170 --> 00:04:51,610
accept the glottal sound or the glottal sound a or 

54
00:04:51,610 --> 00:04:56,770
hamza at the beginning of the verb, okay? But 

55
00:04:56,770 --> 00:04:59,850
functionally

56
00:04:59,850 --> 00:05:06,370
or say, syntactically, the two verbs -- I mean English 

57
00:05:06,370 --> 00:05:09,730
and Arabic causatives -- differ completely from each

58
00:05:09,730 --> 00:05:15,250
other, okay? So this does not cause what is called 

59
00:05:15,250 --> 00:05:18,370
negative interference once learning causatives.

60
00:05:19,070 --> 00:05:24,190
All causative errors or mistakes done by the Arab

61
00:05:24,190 --> 00:05:30,230
learners of English result from the difficulty of 

62
00:05:30,230 --> 00:05:33,570
English, that result to what is called intralingual

63
00:05:33,570 --> 00:05:38,830
errors. Intralingual errors, okay? That's it for

64
00:05:38,830 --> 00:05:42,790
causatives. And now we need to discuss the point

65
00:05:42,790 --> 00:05:46,990
generally, and also need to speak about the best

66
00:05:46,990 --> 00:05:51,330
activities or games for teaching causatives to our

67
00:05:51,330 --> 00:05:52,730
students. That's it.