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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
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ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชุจุฏุฃ ุดุจุทุงุฑ ุฎู…ุณ ..
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ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
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ุนู„ู‰ ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ motion ูˆู„ุง transform ูˆู„ุง both
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ูˆูŠู†ุญู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูุงู†ุชูˆุง
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ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠู†ุง a
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conducting bar ูƒุงู† slide freely over two
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conducting rails ุนุดุงู† ุฒูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ calculate the
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induced voltage in the bar ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ bar ู…ุงู„ู‡
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stationed at Y ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ field ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ
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00:01:00,280 --> 00:01:04,120
ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ูู‡ุฏูŠ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ transformal ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ bar
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slides ู‡ุฏูŠ emotional ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุชู† ุงู„ู…ุจุนุฏ
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00:01:09,590 --> 00:01:12,970
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฃู† ุงู„
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loop shown in the figure is inside a uniform
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magnetic field ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠู†ุง ู…ุฌุงู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุทูŠุณูŠ
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ูˆุงุถุญ ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X-axis ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุทูŠุณูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X-axis ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงุฑูƒุจุฑู…ุชุฑ
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ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ F-side DC ู‡ุฐุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ F-side DC of the loop
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cuts the flux line at a frequency of fifty hertz
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and the loop lies in the YZ plane ูˆู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ YZ
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plane ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ T equals zero ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„
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plan ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฑูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Z ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ
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ู„ู…ุง T ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆุฉ ุณูุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ู†ุง T
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equals zero ู‚ุนุฏ ุจู„ู ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ loop ู‚ุนุฏ ุจู„ูุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ
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ุชูŠ ุงูƒูˆุง ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ุชู…ุงู…
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ู‡ูˆ ุจู„ูˆู ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ุชุฎูŠู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูุฉุŸ ุงู†ุง
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ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ plan ุงุด ุจุณูˆูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจู„ูˆู ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
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ูุงุด ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ู‚ูˆุณ ุงู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูุฉ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุณุทูˆุงู†ุฉ ุตุญุŸ
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ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ู„ูˆ ู„ูู†ุงู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุฉ ุทูˆู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุทูˆู„
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ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุงู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุต ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุชู‚ุณู… ุนู† T
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equal zero ุงู„ู„ูˆุจ ุชุจุนู†ุง ุซุจุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ZY ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
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ุทุงู„ุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ induced electromotive force ุงู„ T
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equal ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงูƒู† ูˆุงู„ induced current ุงู„ T
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equal ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงูƒู† ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูˆุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„
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field ู…ุงู„ู‡ stationary ู„ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ emotional kind
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ุตุญุŸ
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ู…ุง ุฏู‡ emotional ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ VMF ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ integral ู„
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U cross P dot DL ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุชุจุน ุงู„
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emotional ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† transformer ุจูŠูƒูˆู† minus DB by DT
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ู…ูŠู† DLุŸ DL ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู†ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ dieselุฉ ุงู„
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current ู‡ูŠุชูˆู„ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ DC plane ุงู„ DC line ุตุญุŸ
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ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ velocity ูˆูŠู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ุงุŸุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
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ุงู„ plan ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุง .. ุงุตูˆุฑูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง
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ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง
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ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ five ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ distance ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุจู‚ุทุนู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุณุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู‚ูˆุณุŒ ู‡ุฐุง roadุŒ
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00:03:59,210 --> 00:04:02,010
ุฏูŠ fiveุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุช
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00:04:02,010 --> 00:04:06,090
ุญู‚ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฑุณู…ู‡ุงุณู…ู„ูƒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุจูˆุฑุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง
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00:04:06,090 --> 00:04:11,110
ูˆุงุถุญุฉุŸ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ course ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุฑูˆ ุฏูŠ ููŠ
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ุฑูˆ ุฏูŠ ููŠ
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ main ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฑูƒู‡ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
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.. ุงู„ velocity .. ุงู„ velocity ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณ
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00:04:26,650 --> 00:04:31,270
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฒู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† rho d phi by dt ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ velocity
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00:04:31,270 --> 00:04:35,750
ูˆ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ุง ุงู„ phi hat ุตุญุŸ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
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00:04:36,900 --> 00:04:41,560
ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุงู„ raw ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉ
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00:04:41,560 --> 00:04:47,320
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ velocity ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุต ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุต
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00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:50,220
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฒู…ู† ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ raw ุฏูŠ five ุง ุฏูŠ ุชูŠ
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00:04:50,220 --> 00:04:54,320
ูˆุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุช ู‚ู„ุชู‡ ุฏูŠ five ุง ุฏูŠ ุชูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
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00:04:54,320 --> 00:04:59,780
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ angular velocityู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… ุจู…ุดูŠ
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00:04:59,780 --> 00:05:02,780
ุจู‚ุทุน ู…ุณุงูุงุช ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง linear velocity
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00:05:02,780 --> 00:05:06,360
ุจู…ุดูŠ velocity ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงูุงุช linear ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† bluffู‡ ุนู„ู‰
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00:05:06,360 --> 00:05:10,240
ู‚ูˆุณ ุจู‚ุทุน ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง angular velocity ุฒูŠ ุทุฑู ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„
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00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:14,020
bluff ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุฏูŠ five by ุฏูŠ ุชูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ
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00:05:14,020 --> 00:05:18,300
ุจุชูˆู„ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
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00:05:18,300 --> 00:05:23,860
omega ูุฏูŠ ุฑูˆ omega five hat ุฑูˆู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฑูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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00:05:23,860 --> 00:05:28,890
ู‡ูˆ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏู„ุน AD ู…ุซู„ุงุฃูˆ BC ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
67
00:05:28,890 --> 00:05:32,150
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุณู†ุชู…ุชุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ raw ู‡ูŠ
68
00:05:32,150 --> 00:05:36,190
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุณู†ุชู…ุชุฑ ูˆ Omega ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฅุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
69
00:05:36,190 --> 00:05:40,750
.. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ loop ุจู„ูˆู ุงู„ frequency ุจู„ูˆู ุงู„ loop in
70
00:05:40,750 --> 00:05:44,530
the inside the magnetic field ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ fifty hertz
71
00:05:44,530 --> 00:05:48,230
ูุฅุฐุง ู…ุงุนุฑูุช ุงู„ frequency ูˆ Omega ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„
72
00:05:48,230 --> 00:05:51,550
frequency Omega ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ two by F ุงู„ angular
73
00:05:51,550 --> 00:05:56,630
velocityุฅุฐุง ุงู„ angular velocity ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ two by F ูˆ
74
00:05:56,630 --> 00:06:00,330
F ุฅู†ู‡ุง fifty hertz ุฅุฐุง ู†ุงู†ุฏูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู‡ูŠ by
75
00:06:00,330 --> 00:06:04,090
rad per second ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
76
00:06:04,090 --> 00:06:07,230
ูƒุงููŠุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุงุฑูุฉ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุฑูˆ ูˆ ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุงุŒ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ู†
77
00:06:07,230 --> 00:06:10,270
ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุทุงู„ุฉุŒ ุทุงู„ ุนู„ูŠ ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ integrationุŒ
78
00:06:10,270 --> 00:06:13,670
ุนู†ุฏูŠ U ุฌุจู†ุงู‡ุงุŒ B ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X-axis ูˆ
79
00:06:13,670 --> 00:06:17,070
ุจุนู…ู„ cross product ุจูŠู† U ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ูˆ BุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุญู†ุง U
80
00:06:17,070 --> 00:06:23,540
ุฌุจู†ุงู‡ุงูŠุฌูŠุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€ Phi hat ูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠ
81
00:06:23,540 --> 00:06:27,160
ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ุง X hat ูุนู†ุง Phi hat ูˆ X hat ุนู†ุฏู‰ two
82
00:06:27,160 --> 00:06:29,540
coordinates ูˆุงุญุฏ cylindrical coordinate ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰
83
00:06:29,540 --> 00:06:32,840
Cartesian coordinate ุนุดุงู† ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุนู…ู„ course product
84
00:06:32,840 --> 00:06:36,400
ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุฎู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ูู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
85
00:06:36,400 --> 00:06:39,700
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ X hat ูˆูƒุฐุจู†ุงู‡ ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
86
00:06:39,700 --> 00:06:45,480
cylindrical components ูุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุง ุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠ ู†ุถ X
87
00:06:45,480 --> 00:06:49,190
hatุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠ ู†ุฏ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ู†ุนุทูŠู†ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง
88
00:06:49,190 --> 00:06:58,270
ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠ ูˆุจุฑ ุจูŠุฑู…ุชุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠุจ X hat ูˆ X
89
00:06:58,270 --> 00:07:02,610
hat ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cos ู ุฑูˆ hat ูุงูŠ ุฑูˆ hat minus sin
90
00:07:02,610 --> 00:07:06,090
ูุงูŠ ูุงูŠ hat ุงู„ู…ุชุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ course
91
00:07:06,090 --> 00:07:09,470
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒูŠู ู†ูƒุชุจ ู…ู† coordinate ู„ coordinate ุชุงู†ูŠ
92
00:07:09,470 --> 00:07:12,830
ู X hat ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cos ู ุฑูˆ hat minus sin ูุงูŠ ูุงูŠ
93
00:07:12,830 --> 00:07:17,310
hat ูˆ P ู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุฑุช
94
00:07:17,310 --> 00:07:21,070
ุจุงุฑู…ุชุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉุนุดุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฑุง ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ cross
95
00:07:21,070 --> 00:07:25,810
product U ุงุชุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูุงูŠ ู‡ุงุช ุฑูˆ ู‡ุงุช ูุงูŠ ู‡ุงุช ุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ุงุช
96
00:07:25,810 --> 00:07:30,790
Zero ุฑูˆ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูˆP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
97
00:07:30,790 --> 00:07:34,790
P not cos ูุงูŠ minus P not sin ูุงูŠ ูˆ Zero ุงู„ cross
98
00:07:34,790 --> 00:07:38,290
product ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠุด Zero ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฒูŠุฏ
99
00:07:38,290 --> 00:07:44,070
ู‡ุงุช ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ ุฑูˆ ู‡ุงุช ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† Zeroุงู„ู€ z hat ู‡ูŠ
100
00:07:44,070 --> 00:07:47,450
ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง non-zero quantity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
101
00:07:47,450 --> 00:07:51,710
minus rho omega b zero cosine phi z hat ุฅุฐุง ู†ุฌูŠุจู†ุง
102
00:07:51,710 --> 00:07:56,580
u cross b ูˆุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ z hatุŸูุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„
103
00:07:56,580 --> 00:07:59,580
cross product ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ z hat ูˆ dl ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ z
104
00:07:59,580 --> 00:08:04,260
hat ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ electromotive force ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† u cross
105
00:08:04,260 --> 00:08:08,360
p dot dl ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ minus rho omega p not cosine of
106
00:08:08,360 --> 00:08:13,500
phi z hat dot z hat ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† dz ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
107
00:08:13,500 --> 00:08:16,300
cross product ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุนูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
108
00:08:16,300 --> 00:08:20,300
ุจุนุฑูู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ rho ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุฑุจุน
109
00:08:20,300 --> 00:08:24,230
.. ุนุฑุจุนูŠู† .. ุงุฑุจุน centimeter ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฑุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฑุนู†ุฏูŠ
110
00:08:24,230 --> 00:08:28,590
ุงู„ู€ Omega ุญุณุจู†ุงู‡ุง 100 ฯ€ูŠ ุงู„ู€ P ู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 50 ู…ูŠู„ูŠ
111
00:08:28,590 --> 00:08:33,570
ู500 ูˆุจุฑ ู‚ุตูŠู† ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุฏูŠ ุฒุฏ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ minus 0.2
112
00:08:33,570 --> 00:08:36,810
ฯ€ูŠ ู‚ุตูŠู† ุงู„ูุงูŠ ุฏูŠ ุฒุฏ ุจูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฒุฏ ู…ู† ูˆ ู„ุง ูˆูŠู† ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
113
00:08:36,810 --> 00:08:40,950
ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒุฏ ุงูƒุณุณ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุณู†ุชู…ุชุฑ ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ
114
00:08:40,950 --> 00:08:44,210
ู…ู† zero ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุณู†ุชู…ุชุฑ ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฑ ุงู† ูƒู„ ุงุดูŠ
115
00:08:44,210 --> 00:08:47,270
ุจุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ูุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ electromotive force
116
00:08:47,270 --> 00:08:53,300
voltage ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† minus 6 ุจูŠ ู‚ุตูŠู† ุงู„ูุงูŠ ู…ู„ูŠ voltุจุณ
117
00:08:53,300 --> 00:08:55,980
ุงุญู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ five ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ five
118
00:08:55,980 --> 00:08:59,020
ุนุดุงู† ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุตุญ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุดูŠู†ุง ุฎุทูˆุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
119
00:08:59,020 --> 00:09:02,920
ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ููŠ ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ V ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุฒุงู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ูุจุฏุฃ ุดูˆู
120
00:09:02,920 --> 00:09:06,480
ูƒุฏู‡ ุชุญุณุจ ุงู„ five ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง omega ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ omega d
121
00:09:06,480 --> 00:09:12,850
five by dt ุตุญุŸุฃุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒู…ู„ omega ู‡ูŠ D5 ูˆDT ู„ูˆ
122
00:09:12,850 --> 00:09:16,750
ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ five ูุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ omega T ุฒุงุฆุฏ C0
123
00:09:16,750 --> 00:09:19,770
ูˆC0 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ constant of integration ู„ู…ุง ุจุฌูŠุจู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„
124
00:09:19,770 --> 00:09:22,230
initial conditions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุด ู‚ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู† T equals zero
125
00:09:22,230 --> 00:09:27,510
ุงู„ู„ูˆุจ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ูˆูŠู† ุตุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ZY plane ุตุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ZY
126
00:09:27,510 --> 00:09:30,730
.. ู‚ุฏุด ููŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ZY plane ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ X axis ูˆ
127
00:09:30,730 --> 00:09:34,710
ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Y
128
00:09:34,710 --> 00:09:38,830
ุฅุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ X ู„ Y ู‚ุฏุด ุชู…ุช ููŠ ุจุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
129
00:09:38,830 --> 00:09:42,870
ูƒุงู† ุงู„ loop M T equals zero ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
130
00:09:42,870 --> 00:09:47,310
Y axis ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ZY plane ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰
131
00:09:47,310 --> 00:09:52,480
ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ loop and t equals 0
132
00:09:52,480 --> 00:09:56,520
ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ู‚ุฑุฃุชูƒู… ุงูŠุงู‡ุง and t equals 0 ุตุงุฑ
133
00:09:56,520 --> 00:10:00,520
ู„ู‡ ุงู„ loop ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ yz ุฅุจุชุฏุงู„ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงุชู…ุดูŠ ุจู†ุนูˆุฏ
134
00:10:00,520 --> 00:10:05,520
ุฃู† t equals 0 ู I ุตุงุฑ ุฃุชุจุงุน ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ C node
135
00:10:05,520 --> 00:10:11,570
ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุงุน ุนู„ู‰ 2ุŸ ู‡ุงุฏ zeroุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุจุงูŠุฉ ..
136
00:10:11,570 --> 00:10:16,010
ุฅุฐุง ู†ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ Phi ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ Omega T ุฒูŠ ุจุงูŠุฉ
137
00:10:16,010 --> 00:10:18,750
ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† Omega ู…ุง ุฃุญู†ุง ุญุณุจู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุตุญ Omega
138
00:10:18,750 --> 00:10:23,770
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 100 ุจุงูŠุฉ ุฃู‡ ู‡ูŠ Omega ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 100 ุจุงูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง
139
00:10:23,770 --> 00:10:27,370
ูƒู„ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุฐุง Phi ุจูŠุชุณุงูˆูŠ Omega T ุฒูŠ ุจุงูŠุฉ
140
00:10:27,370 --> 00:10:31,470
ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† Omega ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 100 ุจุงูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง VEMF ุฅูŠุด
141
00:10:31,470 --> 00:10:34,810
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ minus 6 ุจุงูŠุฉ Cos Omega T ุฒูŠ ุจุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
142
00:10:37,500 --> 00:10:40,380
ุทุจุนุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ cosine ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ 4 ุนู„ู‰ 2
143
00:10:40,380 --> 00:10:44,500
ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง minus sine ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุตุญุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
144
00:10:44,500 --> 00:10:49,980
ุงู„ุฑูุจุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ cosine .. ุงู„ cosine ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู†
145
00:10:49,980 --> 00:10:52,520
.. ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง plus ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูุจุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ููŠ
146
00:10:52,520 --> 00:10:57,190
ุงู„ุฑูุจุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุจุช ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุณุงู„ู…ูƒู„ ุฌุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณ
147
00:10:57,190 --> 00:10:59,510
ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุฒุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰
148
00:10:59,510 --> 00:11:02,170
ุงุชู†ูŠู† already ููŠ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ minus
149
00:11:02,170 --> 00:11:05,250
ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ sign ุงู„ omega T ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูƒูŠุŸ
150
00:11:05,250 --> 00:11:08,630
ูˆ ุงู„ minus ู…ุน ุงู„ minus ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุณุชุฉ by sign ุงู„
151
00:11:08,630 --> 00:11:13,070
one hundred by T ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ููŠู‡ ุฅุจุฏุงุน ุฃุฑุณู… ุฅุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰
152
00:11:13,070 --> 00:11:15,270
ุงู„ุตุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ููŠู‡ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุจุฑุณู…ู‡ ู„ูƒู… ู‡ู†ุง
153
00:11:15,270 --> 00:11:20,690
ู‡ุงูŠ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุฃุญู†ุง ุงู„ cosine ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุจู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡
154
00:11:20,690 --> 00:11:25,270
ุจุงุฑุจุน ุฃู‚ุตุงู…ุชุงูŠู…ุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒู… ุฐุงูƒุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุงู…ุณุญ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
155
00:11:25,270 --> 00:11:30,530
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุจูˆุฑุฉ ุงุญู†ุง
156
00:11:30,530 --> 00:11:36,210
ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ X ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ Y ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ูƒู„ู‡ู…
157
00:11:36,210 --> 00:11:40,150
ู…ูˆุฌุจุชูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุณุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุตูŠู† ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ Y
158
00:11:40,150 --> 00:11:43,510
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ Omega ุนู„ู‰ T ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ already ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุณูŠูŠุท Y
159
00:11:43,510 --> 00:11:50,120
ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Y ุนู„ู‰ 92 ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ููŠ
160
00:11:50,120 --> 00:11:53,820
ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ ุฌุจ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุณุงูุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ู‡ู†ุง
161
00:11:53,820 --> 00:11:57,000
ุงู„ ุฌุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูู‚ุท ูุงู„ุฌุชุฑ ุนุดุงู† ุงุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุจ ุชุตูŠุฑ
162
00:11:57,000 --> 00:12:02,160
minus ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุงุชุฐูƒุฑุชูŠู‡ุง ู„ุงุช ูŠุง ุณู„ูˆู‰ุŸ
163
00:12:02,160 --> 00:12:10,560
ุทูŠุจ ุจู†ุนูˆุถ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ
164
00:12:10,560 --> 00:12:13,780
ุทุงู„ุจ ู…ู†ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุนูˆุถ ุงู† ุชูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ second
165
00:12:13,780 --> 00:12:18,280
ู†ุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ูุจู†ุนูˆุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุฒู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ second
166
00:12:19,360 --> 00:12:25,080
ูุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ู„ ุงู„ VMF and ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ T equal
167
00:12:25,080 --> 00:12:28,280
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนูˆุถู†ุง ุจุงู„ sign T ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ second
168
00:12:28,280 --> 00:12:32,160
ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ู‚ูˆุงู†ู‚ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ู‚ูˆุงู†ู‚ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
169
00:12:32,160 --> 00:12:34,960
ูˆู…ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุนุฑูู†ุง ู…ูˆู†ูŠุดุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†
170
00:12:34,960 --> 00:12:40,100
ุนุดุฑ ุชู…ุงู… ุงุฐุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ุงู„ at T equal ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู†
171
00:12:40,100 --> 00:12:42,640
ุทุงู„ุจูŠู†ู†ุง ุงู„ current ุงู„ current ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„
172
00:12:42,640 --> 00:12:45,780
voltage ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุชูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ
173
00:12:46,660 --> 00:12:49,820
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุณู„ุงูƒ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงููŠู‡ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ุง point
174
00:12:49,820 --> 00:12:53,740
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆู… ูุงุฒู…ุงุชุงู‚ุฑุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ voltage ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„
175
00:12:53,740 --> 00:12:55,880
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ voltage ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„
176
00:12:55,880 --> 00:12:59,540
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ voltages ุงู„ู„ูŠ
177
00:12:59,540 --> 00:13:02,840
ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง U
178
00:13:02,840 --> 00:13:08,860
cross B ูˆ B ุทู„ุนุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ Z hatุนุดุงู†
179
00:13:08,860 --> 00:13:12,360
ุงุฌูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ dot ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ links
180
00:13:12,360 --> 00:13:16,120
ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ raw ุงู„ raw
181
00:13:16,120 --> 00:13:22,260
ุฏู„ ุฒุฏู‡ุงุช ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero ูุฏูˆู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง
182
00:13:22,260 --> 00:13:27,680
ุงุญู†ุง ุทู„ุน ู…ุนู†ุง u cross b ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ุง mean ุฒุฏู‡ุงุช u cross
183
00:13:27,680 --> 00:13:33,220
b ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ุง ุฒุฏู‡ุงุช ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ dl ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ raw
184
00:13:33,220 --> 00:13:38,620
hatู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ู… ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ z hat ูˆ ุงู„ raw
185
00:13:45,430 --> 00:13:50,230
ูู‡ู†ุง ูููŠ ุงู„ other two sides ุงู„ dot ุจุฑูˆุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
186
00:13:50,230 --> 00:13:54,390
ูˆ 0.10 ุงุฐุง ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ูˆ ุญุณุจู†ุง
187
00:13:54,390 --> 00:13:58,210
ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ voltage ุนู„ู‰ R ูˆู…ุนุทูŠู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ R
188
00:13:58,210 --> 00:14:02,170
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ point ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ voltage ูˆ ุจู†ุนูˆุฏ
189
00:14:02,170 --> 00:14:06,980
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 6 pi sin 100 by Tุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
190
00:14:06,980 --> 00:14:10,440
point ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุณุชูŠู† ุจุงูŠู† ุณุงูŠู† ุงู„ one hundred by
191
00:14:10,440 --> 00:14:13,920
T ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ point ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงุฐุง ุฃู†ุง T equal ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
192
00:14:13,920 --> 00:14:17,220
millisecond ุจุฌูŠุจ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑุŒ ุนุฑู ู†ู‚ู„
193
00:14:17,220 --> 00:14:20,400
ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชู‚ุทุน ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง
194
00:14:21,500 --> 00:14:24,900
ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„
195
00:14:24,900 --> 00:14:30,000
BC ูˆ ุงู„ AD ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุญุณุจู†ุง U cross B ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Z
196
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:34,300
hat ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ DL ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ DL ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„
197
00:14:34,300 --> 00:14:38,100
ุฑูˆุญุงุช ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ ุฑูˆุญ
198
00:14:38,100 --> 00:14:40,880
ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ ุฑูˆุญุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ ุฑูˆุญุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ Z hat ู…ุงู„ู‡ู…
199
00:14:40,880 --> 00:14:43,180
ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู† ูุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุฏุฏุช ุงู„ product ููŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู†
200
00:14:43,180 --> 00:14:46,560
ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… Zero ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆ VMF ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุฌุงู‡ูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
201
00:14:46,560 --> 00:14:50,520
Zero ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ contribution ู„ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ VMF ูˆุงุถุญ ูŠุง
202
00:14:50,520 --> 00:14:56,040
Salwa?ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุซุงุจุช ุงู„ูˆู„ูˆุซ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ zero ู„ูˆ
203
00:14:56,040 --> 00:14:59,720
ุฃู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ z-axisูุฅุฐู† ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
204
00:14:59,720 --> 00:15:05,220
contribution ููŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ U cross P dot DRุŒ
205
00:15:05,220 --> 00:15:09,280
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ู…ุงุชูˆู‚ุนูˆุง ุชุณุฃู„ูˆู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ
206
00:15:09,280 --> 00:15:12,420
ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุŸ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ one line ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุถู„ุน ู…ู†
207
00:15:12,420 --> 00:15:15,920
ู‚ุจู„ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุŒ ุจุณ ู…ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„
208
00:15:15,920 --> 00:15:19,720
ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจุชุญุฑูƒุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ุŸ ุจู‚ุทุน ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ fieldุŒ
209
00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:23,750
ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑูุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ุจูŠุบูŠุฑ
210
00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:27,070
ุญุทูˆุท .. ู‚ุฏุงุดุฑ ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุญุทูˆุท ููŠุถ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู†ู‡
211
00:15:27,070 --> 00:15:32,170
ุจุชุชูˆู„ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ electromagnetic ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
212
00:15:32,170 --> 00:15:37,250
potential ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ voltage displacement
213
00:15:37,250 --> 00:15:41,230
current ู„ูˆ
214
00:15:41,230 --> 00:15:44,650
ุงุญู†ุง ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุงู„max ูˆุงู„ equation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡
215
00:15:44,650 --> 00:15:48,310
curl ุงู„ magnetic fields ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ambers law ุจุณุงูˆูŠ
216
00:15:48,310 --> 00:15:49,290
ุงู„ current
217
00:15:52,050 --> 00:15:54,890
ู„ูˆ static ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ static ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง
218
00:15:54,890 --> 00:15:58,570
ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุตุญุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒูŠุฑู„ ุงู„ุฃุชุด ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
219
00:15:58,570 --> 00:16:01,490
static magnetic field ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
220
00:16:01,490 --> 00:16:04,850
static magnetic fieldุŸ static electric field ู„ูƒู†
221
00:16:04,850 --> 00:16:08,550
electromagnetic fields ู„ู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ time
222
00:16:08,550 --> 00:16:11,850
dependency ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ู„ูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
223
00:16:11,850 --> 00:16:14,230
static ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃูŠ interrelation ุจูŠู† ุงู„ magnetic
224
00:16:14,230 --> 00:16:17,750
ูˆุงู„electric field ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ time
225
00:16:17,750 --> 00:16:20,790
varying ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ interrelation ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two fields
226
00:16:21,610 --> 00:16:25,990
ูƒูŠุฑู„ ุงู„ู€H ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ JุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€static fieldุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ
227
00:16:25,990 --> 00:16:28,450
ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ divergence ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงุŸ
228
00:16:28,450 --> 00:16:31,130
divergence ูƒูŠุฑู„ ุงู„ู€HุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0ุŸ ู‡ู„ ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†
229
00:16:31,130 --> 00:16:33,830
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง divergence ุงู„ูƒูŠุฑู„ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0ุŸ ุฅุฐุงู‹ divergence
230
00:16:33,830 --> 00:16:37,870
J ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 0ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† continuity equationุŒ
231
00:16:37,870 --> 00:16:41,510
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง divergence ุงู„ู€J ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ minus zero V by
232
00:16:41,510 --> 00:16:46,290
DTุŒ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ chargeุŒ ุงู„ู€ volume of chargeุŒ
233
00:16:46,290 --> 00:16:50,410
ุงู„ู€ currentุŒ ุงู„ู€ charge density ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฒู…ู†
234
00:16:50,410 --> 00:16:53,650
ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ divergence ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ J ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠุด
235
00:16:53,650 --> 00:16:57,350
ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ุŒ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† 0ุŒ 0 ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏูŠุฉ
236
00:16:57,350 --> 00:17:00,230
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ุŒ ุจุฎู„ู ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
237
00:17:00,230 --> 00:17:04,550
static field ูˆุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ู…ุดูŠู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
238
00:17:04,550 --> 00:17:08,130
dynamic fieldsูุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุŒ
239
00:17:08,130 --> 00:17:11,250
ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ curl H ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ J ูˆ I G ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„
240
00:17:11,250 --> 00:17:13,870
divergence ู…ู† ู‡ุงู„ุชุงุทู†ูŠุฉ Z ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†
241
00:17:13,870 --> 00:17:19,690
divergence J ุจุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง Amber's law ุนุดุงู†
242
00:17:19,690 --> 00:17:25,410
ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุถูŠู ูƒู…ุงู† currentุฅุฐุง
243
00:17:25,410 --> 00:17:29,170
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุถูŠู ูƒู…ุงู† ูƒุฑุฉ ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡ jd ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ curl h
244
00:17:29,170 --> 00:17:33,070
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ j plus jd ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„ divergence ุชุจุน
245
00:17:33,070 --> 00:17:35,870
ุงู„ fields ู…ุด ู‡ุณูŠ ุงู„ divergence curl h ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ zero
246
00:17:35,870 --> 00:17:41,050
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ divergence ุงู„ j ุฒูŠ ุงู„ divergence ุงู„ jd ุฅุฐุง
247
00:17:41,050 --> 00:17:43,770
ุงู„ divergence ุงู„ j ู…ุด ุจู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง minus zero
248
00:17:43,770 --> 00:17:47,210
by the v ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ minus divergence ุงู„ jd
249
00:17:47,210 --> 00:17:50,810
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทู„ุน ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
250
00:17:53,790 --> 00:18:01,070
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ diverge ุงู„ j ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
251
00:18:01,070 --> 00:18:06,790
minus diverge ุงู„ jd ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู†ุถูุชู‡ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„
252
00:18:06,790 --> 00:18:11,370
diverge ุงู„ j ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฏูŠ raw v by dt ุงุฐุง ุฏูŠ raw
253
00:18:11,370 --> 00:18:17,350
v by dt ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ minus .. ุงุฐุง ุงู„ raw diverge ุงู„
254
00:18:17,350 --> 00:18:19,210
jd ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
255
00:18:22,190 --> 00:18:29,790
D rho V by DT ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุญุฏ minus ุจุฑุถู‡
256
00:18:29,790 --> 00:18:33,150
ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุชุฃุณูุฉ ููŠู‡ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ minus ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ู†ุตุฉ ุงูˆ
257
00:18:33,150 --> 00:18:36,070
ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ divergence ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
258
00:18:36,070 --> 00:18:40,010
D rho V by DT ูˆููŠู‡ ุฅู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ุฅู†
259
00:18:40,010 --> 00:18:45,170
ุงู„ divergence ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ rho V Gauss
260
00:18:45,170 --> 00:18:47,890
law ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ ุงู„ differential formula Gauss law
261
00:18:47,890 --> 00:18:52,040
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ divergence ุฏูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ rho Vุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
262
00:18:52,040 --> 00:18:56,100
ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ู€diverge ุงู„ุฌุง ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฏูŠ
263
00:18:56,100 --> 00:19:02,180
raw V by ุฏูŠ T ุฏูŠ raw by ุฏูŠ T ู‡ุงูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ุฎุทุจุฉ
264
00:19:02,180 --> 00:19:07,880
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ุจุณ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฏูŠ raw V by ุฏูŠ T ูˆ ุฃุนูˆุถ ุนู† ุงู„
265
00:19:07,880 --> 00:19:11,360
raw V ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ divergence ุงู„ุฌุง ุฏูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ D
266
00:19:11,360 --> 00:19:16,260
by ุฏูŠ T ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ divergence ุงู„ Dุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฎู„ู‚ ุฃุทู„ุน ุงู„
267
00:19:16,260 --> 00:19:18,640
divergence ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏ ูู‚ุท
268
00:19:18,640 --> 00:19:24,420
ุงู‚ู…ู„ู‡ุง D by DX D by DY ุตุญุŸ ูู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ู…ุงุจุงุนุชู…ุฏูˆุด ุนู„ู‰
269
00:19:24,420 --> 00:19:28,580
ุจุนุถ ูุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุทู„ุน ุงู„ divergence ู„ุจุฑุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูุงุถู„ ุชุจุน
270
00:19:28,580 --> 00:19:32,200
ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ applied ุนู„ู‰ D ุจุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูุงุถู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
271
00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:35,900
ู„ู„ space ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูุงุถู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฒู…ู† ูุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฎู„ู‚ ุฃุฏุฎู„
272
00:19:35,900 --> 00:19:39,580
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุฃุนู…ู„ X ุงู„ุชุจุงุฏู„ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูุฑู‚ ู…ุนุงูŠุง
273
00:19:39,580 --> 00:19:46,750
ุตุญุŸ ูุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ divergenceุŸdel dot dd by dt ู‡ุฏุฎู„
274
00:19:46,750 --> 00:19:50,390
ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ dd by dt ู„ูˆ ู‚ุฑู†ุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ
275
00:19:50,390 --> 00:19:56,130
ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ู…ูŠู† jd ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุธูุชู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒู…
276
00:19:56,130 --> 00:20:00,650
ุชุณุงูˆูŠ dd by dt ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง displacement current ุงู„
277
00:20:00,650 --> 00:20:05,350
displacement current ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ electric
278
00:20:05,350 --> 00:20:08,930
field ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ D ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ DุŸ ุฏูŠ
279
00:20:08,930 --> 00:20:13,210
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ epsilon Eุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฌุงูˆุฒ law ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
280
00:20:13,210 --> 00:20:17,670
diverse D ุฃูˆ ูƒู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ diverse Epsilon E ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ
281
00:20:17,670 --> 00:20:21,650
raw V ูˆ D ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ Epsilon E ููŠ ุงู„ material
282
00:20:21,650 --> 00:20:25,270
Epsilon ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ free space ุจุชูƒูˆู† Epsilon 0
283
00:20:25,270 --> 00:20:28,170
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุถูู†ุงู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฎู„ูŠ
284
00:20:28,170 --> 00:20:33,010
ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ make sense ููŠ ุงู„ time varied fields ู‚ู„ู†ุง
285
00:20:33,010 --> 00:20:38,130
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุชุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
286
00:20:38,130 --> 00:20:42,260
electric fieldุฅุฐุง ูƒูŠุฑู„ ุงู„ุฃุชุด ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
287
00:20:42,260 --> 00:20:45,700
ุตุงุฑุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ electric field ูˆ ุงู„ magnetic field ุตุงุฑ
288
00:20:45,700 --> 00:20:50,080
ููŠ inter relation ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ู…ุชุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ูƒูŠุฑู„ ุงู„ุฃุชุด
289
00:20:50,080 --> 00:20:56,320
ุจุณุงูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ D by D by D by D D by D T ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
290
00:20:56,320 --> 00:20:59,720
modification ู„ max ูˆ ุงู„ equation ุชู…ุงู…
291
00:21:04,190 --> 00:21:07,610
ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€JD ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ D by DT ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
292
00:21:07,610 --> 00:21:11,270
ุงู„ู€displacement current ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ term is known as a
293
00:21:11,270 --> 00:21:14,050
displacement current density this is the third
294
00:21:14,050 --> 00:21:17,130
type of current density we have met ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ูุตู„
295
00:21:17,130 --> 00:21:19,570
ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ current ู…ูŠุฒู†ุง ุจูŠู† two
296
00:21:19,570 --> 00:21:22,150
currents ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ conduction current
297
00:21:22,150 --> 00:21:26,590
ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŸ
298
00:21:26,590 --> 00:21:29,900
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุณูŠุชู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ electromagnetic oneู„ู…ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„
299
00:21:29,900 --> 00:21:32,060
currents ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุฅู†ุง two types of currentsุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ
300
00:21:32,060 --> 00:21:33,680
ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง conduction currentุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ุงู„ู‡
301
00:21:33,680 --> 00:21:36,860
conductor ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ .. ู‚ู„ู†ุง amber's
302
00:21:36,860 --> 00:21:40,400
lawุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุตูŠุบุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ .. ู„ุนู…ุฒ ู„ุบุฉุŒ ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡
303
00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:44,200
ู‡ุฐุง ุนู…ุฒ ู„ุบุฉุŒ ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
304
00:21:44,200 --> 00:21:48,120
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุนู…ุฒ ู„ุบุฉุŒ ู J ุจุงู„ุณูˆุงุก Sigma Eุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
305
00:21:48,120 --> 00:21:51,180
conductivity sigma ูˆุงู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„
306
00:21:51,180 --> 00:21:55,040
isotropy ูˆ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ linearity ูˆ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„
307
00:21:55,040 --> 00:21:59,060
directionality ุจุชู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ fields ุจุชู†ุทุจู‚
308
00:21:59,060 --> 00:22:02,020
ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ field ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ linear
309
00:22:02,020 --> 00:22:06,420
ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ constant ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
310
00:22:06,420 --> 00:22:09,300
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… linear ูŠุนู†ูŠ E ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุด E ุชุฑุจูŠุน
311
00:22:09,300 --> 00:22:13,980
ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ X Y Z ุฃูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุง
312
00:22:13,980 --> 00:22:16,720
ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏุด ุนู„ู‰ X Y Z ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒุฐุง ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
313
00:22:16,720 --> 00:22:21,290
ุนู†ู‡ุงุทุจ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู†ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ convection
314
00:22:21,290 --> 00:22:24,690
current ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง convection current ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด
315
00:22:24,690 --> 00:22:28,350
ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ conductor ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† .. ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
316
00:22:28,350 --> 00:22:31,270
ุงู„ู€ dielectric ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ..
317
00:22:31,270 --> 00:22:33,310
ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„
318
00:22:33,310 --> 00:22:36,430
space ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฃูŠ dielectric material ูุฅุฐุง
319
00:22:36,430 --> 00:22:38,390
ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„
320
00:22:38,390 --> 00:22:41,230
conduction ูˆ ุงู„ convection current ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู†
321
00:22:41,230 --> 00:22:44,090
current ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…ู†ุงู‡ displacement current ูˆ
322
00:22:44,090 --> 00:22:47,670
displacement current ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ GD ุจุณุงูˆูŠ DD
323
00:22:47,670 --> 00:22:52,220
ุจู‚ู‰ DTูุฒู†ุงู„ู†ุง ุตุงุฑ three formulas ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนุจู‘ุฑู„ู‰ ุนู†
324
00:22:52,220 --> 00:22:54,920
ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑุงุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ohms law ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฎุฏุชู‡ ูู‰
325
00:22:54,920 --> 00:22:58,400
ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุถู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ูƒุชุจ ุตูŠุบุฉ
326
00:22:58,400 --> 00:23:01,980
J ุจุณุงูˆุฉ ุณุฌู† E ูˆููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง convection current ูˆููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
327
00:23:01,980 --> 00:23:03,060
displacement current
328
00:23:09,910 --> 00:23:12,590
ุทุจุนุง ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ term ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ displacement
329
00:23:12,590 --> 00:23:17,590
current ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุฅุถุงูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุงูู‡ุง Maxwell ุนู„ู‰
330
00:23:17,590 --> 00:23:20,870
ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุชู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€time varying fields ู‡ุฐู‡
331
00:23:20,870 --> 00:23:23,450
ู‡ูŠ displacement current ุตุงุฑุช ุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช
332
00:23:23,450 --> 00:23:26,250
meaning ู„ู…ุง ุณู…ู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†
333
00:23:26,250 --> 00:23:28,950
ุจุฏูˆู†ู‡ุง ุจุทู„ุช ุชุนุทูŠ meaning ุดูู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง divergent
334
00:23:28,950 --> 00:23:32,650
care ุฃุนุทุชู†ุง zero ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุชุนุงุฑุถ ุฃู†
335
00:23:32,650 --> 00:23:36,960
ุงู„ู€J ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุณูˆู‰ minus zero by DTู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุนุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„
336
00:23:36,960 --> 00:23:40,040
ุงุณุชุงุชูŠูƒ ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง divers ุงู„ูƒุฑู„ ุฃุชุด ุนุทุชู†ุง ุณููŠุฑ ูู…ุด
337
00:23:40,040 --> 00:23:43,760
ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ูู‚ุงู„ Maxwell ุฅุฐุง ููŠู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ current ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
338
00:23:43,760 --> 00:23:47,280
ู†ุงุชุฌ ู…ู† ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ุฏูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ electric field ุจุนุชู…ุฏ
339
00:23:47,280 --> 00:23:51,400
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ูุงุนุชู…ุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆู„ุฏุช ุงู„
340
00:23:51,400 --> 00:23:57,380
displacement current ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุฏูˆู†
341
00:23:57,380 --> 00:24:00,800
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ term ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ displacement current ูƒุงู†ุช
342
00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:03,340
ููƒุฑุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุณูŠุฑ ููŠ propagation ู„ู„ electromagnetic
343
00:24:03,340 --> 00:24:08,120
wavesููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ radio waves ูˆ
344
00:24:08,120 --> 00:24:10,960
ุงู„ู€ TV waves ู…ุง ู„ู‡ impossible ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุด
345
00:24:10,960 --> 00:24:13,980
ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ propagation ู„ุฃู†ู‡
346
00:24:13,980 --> 00:24:16,780
ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุง ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ conduction
347
00:24:16,780 --> 00:24:19,160
current ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
348
00:24:19,160 --> 00:24:22,200
conductors displacement current ู…ุด ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ
349
00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:25,280
conductor ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุญุชุงุฌู‡ ุชุบูŠุฑ
350
00:24:25,280 --> 00:24:29,120
ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ magnetic field ุฏูŠ D by ุฏูŠ T ูุนุงู…ู„ุง
351
00:24:29,120 --> 00:24:32,640
ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุง ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุชุฌูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ satellites ู„ู„ุฃุฑุถุจุฏูˆู†
352
00:24:32,640 --> 00:24:34,660
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ ูƒุงู† ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุง ุญุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
353
00:24:34,660 --> 00:24:38,200
propagation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ electromagnetic waves ุทุจ ุงู„
354
00:24:38,200 --> 00:24:40,920
displace ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุฒูŠ radio ูˆ TV ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
355
00:24:40,920 --> 00:24:43,680
ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ู„ุฉ ู†ูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ science ูƒุงู†ุช
356
00:24:43,680 --> 00:24:47,200
ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุด ุงู„ frequencies ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง
357
00:24:47,200 --> 00:24:52,380
ุงู„ term ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ุฒูŠ Hertz ูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชุญุฏุงุซ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
358
00:24:52,380 --> 00:24:56,280
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุดูˆู ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุตุญูŠุญ
359
00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:03,840
ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ term ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุงู„ propagation
360
00:25:03,840 --> 00:25:09,500
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ non-conducting medium JID
361
00:25:09,500 --> 00:25:12,700
ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ current ู…ู† ุงู„ displacement density
362
00:25:12,700 --> 00:25:17,860
ID ุจุฏู‡ุง ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ surface integral JD ุถุฏ DS ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
363
00:25:17,860 --> 00:25:20,940
ุงู„ integral DD by DT ุถุฏ DSุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ current
364
00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:32,860
ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู„ู‡ frequencies ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
365
00:25:32,860 --> 00:25:34,800
ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุฃู† ุฃุดุฑุญู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนูŠุฏู‡ ุนู†ุฏู„ู‡
366
00:25:34,800 --> 00:25:38,900
frequencies ุฌ ุฏูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุด ู…ู‡ู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู†
367
00:25:38,900 --> 00:25:42,700
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ frequencies ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ radio
368
00:25:42,700 --> 00:25:45,500
frequency ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ radio frequency ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง
369
00:25:45,500 --> 00:25:49,180
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃุญู…ู„ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู…ุงู„ุฉ ุจู†ุฌู…ุนู‡ู…
370
00:25:49,180 --> 00:25:53,140
ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฌ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌ ุฏูŠ ูˆู‚ุชุด ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญู…ู„ู‡ู… ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุงู†
371
00:25:53,140 --> 00:25:56,080
ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูƒุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ
372
00:25:56,080 --> 00:25:59,160
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃุญู…ู„ู‡ู…at radio frequencies they
373
00:25:59,160 --> 00:26:02,300
become comparable at the time of max when high
374
00:26:02,300 --> 00:26:05,260
frequency sources were not available and this
375
00:26:05,260 --> 00:26:08,420
equation couldn't be verified experimentally ูŠุนู†ูŠ
376
00:26:08,420 --> 00:26:12,620
ู‡ูˆ ุญุท ุชุตูˆุฑู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
377
00:26:12,620 --> 00:26:15,660
continuity ุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ charges ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ diverge ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
378
00:26:15,660 --> 00:26:18,340
minus D rho by DT ุณู…ูŠุชู†ุง ุฐุงูƒุฑู†ุง ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„
379
00:26:18,340 --> 00:26:19,900
continuity equation ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ continuity
380
00:26:19,900 --> 00:26:22,980
equationsุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ charges ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุฃ ู…ุงููŠุด
381
00:26:22,980 --> 00:26:25,680
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฏู… ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ charges
382
00:26:25,680 --> 00:26:29,340
ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ current divergence ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ source ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
383
00:26:29,340 --> 00:26:33,260
current ูู‚ุงู„ ูุฅูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฌูˆ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุนู…ู„
384
00:26:33,260 --> 00:26:35,520
verification ู„ maximum equation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ divergence
385
00:26:35,520 --> 00:26:38,240
ูƒู„ ุงู„ H ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุณูˆุก Zero ูุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
386
00:26:38,240 --> 00:26:41,140
continuity equation ุญู„ู‡ุง Maxwell ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุง ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุงุฒู…
387
00:26:41,140 --> 00:26:45,300
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ JD ูˆJD ู…ุฑุจูˆุทุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ุจ D D by DT ุฒูŠ
388
00:26:45,300 --> 00:26:48,960
ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุชุดูˆูุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุฐุงูƒุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
389
00:26:48,960 --> 00:26:51,940
ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ููŠู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ radio waves ูˆ ุงู„
390
00:26:51,940 --> 00:26:55,940
high frequency sources ูู„ู…ุง ู‡ูŠุฑุชุฒ ู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฌุฏู‡ู…
391
00:26:55,940 --> 00:26:59,280
experimentally ุนู…ู„ูˆุง verification ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ
392
00:26:59,280 --> 00:27:00,780
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ mathematical equations
393
00:27:03,850 --> 00:27:07,790
it was years later that Hertz succeeded in
394
00:27:07,790 --> 00:27:10,490
generating and detecting radio waves. This is one
395
00:27:10,490 --> 00:27:12,510
of the rare situations where mathematical
396
00:27:12,510 --> 00:27:14,570
arguments paved the way for experimental
397
00:27:14,570 --> 00:27:18,470
investigations ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃุณุจูˆุน ููŠ argument ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡
398
00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:23,250
mathematical arguments ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ูŠุช ุณู†ุฉุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู†ูุณ
399
00:27:23,250 --> 00:27:25,850
ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ rare situations ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุชุฑุฉ
400
00:27:25,850 --> 00:27:29,650
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง verification ู„ูƒู† ุฅู†
401
00:27:29,650 --> 00:27:34,940
ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ู„ุฃูŠู†ุดุชุงูŠู† ุตู„ูˆุง ู…ูŠุช ุณู†ุฉู‡ูˆ ุนุงู…ู„
402
00:27:34,940 --> 00:27:41,020
ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ูˆุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุฏูŠุณู…ุจุฑ 2015 ุจุณ ู‡ู…
403
00:27:41,020 --> 00:27:44,560
ุฃุนู„ู†ูˆู‡ุง ุจุฃุนุฑูุด ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ูุจุฑุงูŠุฑ 2016 ุชู… detection
404
00:27:44,560 --> 00:27:48,000
ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง gravitational waves ุฃุซุจุงุช ู„ุฃุญุฏ
405
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,700
ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูู‡ูŠ .. ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ุจุคุงุช ุงู„
406
00:27:51,700 --> 00:27:55,380
mathematical ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชุณุจู‚ ุงู„ experimental ู„ูƒู†
407
00:27:55,380 --> 00:28:00,020
ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉุจุชุตูˆุฑูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ
408
00:28:00,020 --> 00:28:03,960
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุดุบู„ ูˆ ุจู†ุชุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุจู†ุชุฌ
409
00:28:03,960 --> 00:28:06,960
ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู…ุธุฑูŠูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ูุงุณุฑูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
410
00:28:06,960 --> 00:28:10,100
ุตุงุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุณ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ูˆ
411
00:28:10,100 --> 00:28:12,780
ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ุฃูˆ
412
00:28:12,780 --> 00:28:16,080
accreditation ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠ ุฃูˆ
413
00:28:16,080 --> 00:28:20,270
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉููƒุชูŠุฑ
414
00:28:20,270 --> 00:28:23,390
ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ super conductors ุงู„
415
00:28:23,390 --> 00:28:27,490
super conductors ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
416
00:28:27,490 --> 00:28:31,250
ุงู„ basement ุทุงู„ุจ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุงู‡ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠุŸ ุจูŠุฎููˆุง ุฏุฑุฌุงุช
417
00:28:31,250 --> 00:28:33,970
ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุงุณูˆุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„
418
00:28:33,970 --> 00:28:37,730
mercury ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุฃู†ุช
419
00:28:37,730 --> 00:28:41,640
ูŠุนู†ูŠุญุฏ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุจุฑุฏุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡
420
00:28:41,640 --> 00:28:46,200
conductor ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต ู‡ูุช ููŠ ุจุงู„ู‡ ูˆุถู„ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ
421
00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:50,760
ู‡ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ูŠุจุฑุฏ ูˆ ูŠู‚ุณ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ mercury ู„ุฃ
422
00:28:50,760 --> 00:28:54,800
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุฏูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ luck ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุตุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ luck
423
00:28:54,800 --> 00:28:58,400
ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู† mercury ููŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุจุฑุฏูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฐุงูƒ
424
00:28:58,400 --> 00:29:02,840
ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณุฃุนุทุชู‡ ู„ุนุฏุฉ ู„ุญุธุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
425
00:29:02,840 --> 00:29:06,760
Zero ResistivityุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุฃุถุงู‚ ู…ู†
426
00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:09,980
ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุงุนุทุชู‡ุงุด ZeroุŒ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ุงู„ Mercury ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
427
00:29:09,980 --> 00:29:13,540
ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณ ู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ูˆ ูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุงุนุทูŠุด
428
00:29:13,540 --> 00:29:18,600
ZeroุŒ ูƒุงู† ู„ูˆ Element ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ูƒุงู† ู…ุงุญุตู„ุด ุนู„ู‰ Zeroุนุงุฏ
429
00:29:18,600 --> 00:29:21,780
ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ and it's a high temperature ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุทูŠู„ู‡
430
00:29:21,780 --> 00:29:25,240
zero ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุจุฑุฏ ุงุนุทุชู‡ zero ูู‚ุงู„ ุงู†ุง ุงูƒุชุดูุชู„ูƒู…
431
00:29:25,240 --> 00:29:29,620
ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุชู‡ุง zero ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุฌูˆุง ุชู„ุงุช ุนู„ู…ุงุก
432
00:29:29,620 --> 00:29:34,470
ูƒุชุจูˆุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู†ูˆุจู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุฃูุณุฑูˆุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
433
00:29:34,470 --> 00:29:38,510
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ุงู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุตุฑู
434
00:29:38,510 --> 00:29:43,410
ุชุญุช ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
435
00:29:43,410 --> 00:29:46,330
ุงู„ superconductivity ูˆู‚ุนุฏู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุนู„ู… ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
436
00:29:46,330 --> 00:29:49,630
ุงู„ .. ุงู„ gravitational waves ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุชูุชุญ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
437
00:29:50,520 --> 00:29:53,580
ู„ุฃูุงู‚ ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
438
00:29:53,580 --> 00:29:55,840
superconductivity ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
439
00:29:55,840 --> 00:29:59,100
ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ูŠุญุทูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ mercury ู…ู†
440
00:29:59,100 --> 00:30:02,340
ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ metals ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงุชุทุจู‚ุช
441
00:30:02,340 --> 00:30:06,440
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุตุงุฑุช mixture ุฃูˆ alloys ุงู„ู„ูŠ
442
00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:09,200
ูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู†ุฏ
443
00:30:09,200 --> 00:30:13,600
ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุงู„ zero ู…ุซู„ุง Kelvin ุงูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง minus ุฎู…ุณูŠู†
444
00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:16,120
Kelvin ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฎู„ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
445
00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:19,230
high temperatureูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Zero Culture
446
00:30:19,230 --> 00:30:24,450
ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„
447
00:30:24,450 --> 00:30:28,230
.. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ ู…ุน Maxwell ูˆ Hertz ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
448
00:30:28,230 --> 00:30:31,750
ุงู„ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุณุจุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Experimental
449
00:30:32,440 --> 00:30:36,940
ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ุช ุฅู†ู‡ ุญุงู„ูŠุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ูƒู…ุงู† ุชุญุฏูŠ
450
00:30:36,940 --> 00:30:42,880
ุชุงู†ู‰ ูƒุงู† ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุญุทู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุจู‚ุฑูŠ ููŠ ุฃูŠุงู…ู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
451
00:30:42,880 --> 00:30:47,620
ู„ุณู‡ ุจุณุจุชู‡ ุฃุฒุงู‚ ู…ู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุชู‡ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุธุฑูŠุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุงุญู„
452
00:30:47,620 --> 00:30:52,160
ุดุงูู‡ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูุจุนุฏ ุฃุตู„ุง ุฏู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉ ูƒุงู† ุจุฑุถู‡
453
00:30:52,160 --> 00:30:55,860
ุงูƒุชุดุงู ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠุชู‡ ุฃุฎุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู†ูˆุจู„ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ู‰
454
00:30:55,860 --> 00:30:58,440
ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ูŠุฉ ุณู†ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุนุงูŠุด ูƒุงู† ุฃุฎุฏ ุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู†ูˆุจู„ ุจุณ
455
00:30:58,440 --> 00:30:59,420
ุฑุงุญุช ุนู„ูŠู‡
456
00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:07,360
ุทุจุนุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ displacement current ุจุดูƒู„
457
00:31:07,360 --> 00:31:10,900
ู…ู‡ู… ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ components ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡
458
00:31:10,900 --> 00:31:15,140
ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ููƒุฑู†ุง ููŠู‡ ู…ูƒุณูุงู„ู…ูƒุณู ุจุชูˆู„ุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ูˆุฑููŠ
459
00:31:15,140 --> 00:31:18,980
ุชูŠุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุทุฑููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณู ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ positive charge
460
00:31:18,980 --> 00:31:22,560
ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ plate ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ negative charge ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง one
461
00:31:22,560 --> 00:31:26,120
ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two plates ููŠู†ุง ุฏู‡ electric material ู„ูˆ
462
00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:31,700
ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ amber's law ูˆ ู†ุทุจู‚ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุณู ุฃูˆ
463
00:31:31,700 --> 00:31:34,900
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑ ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุทุจู‚ amber's law ุฅูŠุด ู„ุงุฒู…ู†ูŠุŸ
464
00:31:34,900 --> 00:31:39,880
boss surface ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ู…ุญุงุท ุงู„ boss ู…ุนูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
465
00:31:39,880 --> 00:31:43,690
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ surface ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ deskู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ disk
466
00:31:43,690 --> 00:31:48,050
ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ clause surface integral ู„ b dot ds ูˆ
467
00:31:48,050 --> 00:31:51,670
ุงู†ุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆู… ู…ุนู†ุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆู… ู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฏ ic ุงูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠ ุนู„ู‰
468
00:31:51,670 --> 00:31:55,490
ู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ h dot ds ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ูุฑุฒ ู„ูˆ ุตุญุŸ ุจู†ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡
469
00:31:55,490 --> 00:31:58,410
ุงุฐุง ุงู„ clause surface integral ู„ b dot ds
470
00:31:58,410 --> 00:32:02,470
ุณุงูˆู…ูŠูˆู†ูˆุฏ ic ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ surface ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ surface
471
00:32:02,470 --> 00:32:06,390
ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ integration ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุงูŠุณุงูˆุฒูŠู‡ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุชูŠุงุฑุฉ
472
00:32:07,340 --> 00:32:11,040
enclosed ูู‰ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ surface ูู‰ ุทูŠุงุฑ enclosed ูู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
473
00:32:11,040 --> 00:32:14,500
ุงู„ surface ุตุญ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ IC ุงู†ุง ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ surface ุชุจุนู‰
474
00:32:14,500 --> 00:32:18,480
ูˆู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑ ุฏุงุฎู„ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ surface ูู‰ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ุทูŠุงุฑ IC
475
00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:25,700
ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ
476
00:32:25,700 --> 00:32:28,640
ุฃุฎุฏุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ surface ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ surface ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
477
00:32:28,640 --> 00:32:34,450
surface ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ surfaceุŸูˆ ุจุณู…ุงู„ู‡ ู…ุงุฑู‚ ุนู„ู‰
478
00:32:34,450 --> 00:32:38,550
ุงู„ู…ูƒุณู ุจุงู„ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ plates ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณู ู‡ู†ุง
479
00:32:38,550 --> 00:32:41,950
ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ .. ุงู„ current ุงู„ enclosedุŸ zero ูุฅุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง
480
00:32:41,950 --> 00:32:46,170
ู‡ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ zero amber's law ู‡ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ
481
00:32:46,170 --> 00:32:49,990
zero ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ .. ู„ูˆ ุบูŠุฑุช ุงู„ bus ู‡ูŠ
482
00:32:49,990 --> 00:32:53,490
ุงู„ .. ุงู„ bus ู…ุงุชุบูŠุฑุด ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ุงู„ุฉ ุจุณ ุจุงุฎุฏ ุฅุดู…ุงู„ุฉ
483
00:32:53,490 --> 00:32:57,330
surfaces ุงู„ bus ุชุจุน ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู…ุงุชุบูŠุฑุด ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช
484
00:32:57,330 --> 00:32:58,550
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ bus ุชุจุนูŠ
485
00:33:01,290 --> 00:33:05,490
ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ surface ู…ุง ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero
486
00:33:05,490 --> 00:33:09,770
ุงู„ shape of the surface due to amber zone should
487
00:33:09,770 --> 00:33:12,130
not matter as long as the path is the same ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
488
00:33:12,130 --> 00:33:15,650
ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุบูŠุฑุชู‡ ุจุนุฌุฑุชู‡ ู…ุงุฎู„ุชู‡ุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู…ุด
489
00:33:15,650 --> 00:33:19,710
ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุนุทูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ surface ู‡ูŠูƒ ุน
490
00:33:19,710 --> 00:33:24,430
ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุญูŠุงุชูŠู† I ููŠ enclosed current ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง
491
00:33:24,430 --> 00:33:29,940
ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฃุจุนุฌุฑ ุงู„ surface ูˆ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒุนุทูŠู†ูŠ zero,
492
00:33:30,100 --> 00:33:38,580
fishing plus quarantine, current zero ุงุฐุง
493
00:33:38,580 --> 00:33:41,960
ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุณุงุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน Amber's law
494
00:33:41,960 --> 00:33:44,580
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ me and not ic ุฅุฐุง ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทู„ุน
495
00:33:44,580 --> 00:33:48,400
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช surface ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุจุณ
496
00:33:48,400 --> 00:33:51,960
desk ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุน ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ..
497
00:33:51,960 --> 00:33:55,760
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุดูˆุฑุจุฉุŒ ุนุดุงู† ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุตุญู† ุงู„ุดูˆุฑุจุฉุŸ ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ุงุณู…
498
00:33:55,760 --> 00:34:00,380
ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณู„ุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูˆุฑุจุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุนุดุงู† ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุตุญู† ุงู„ู„ู‰
499
00:34:00,380 --> 00:34:05,000
ู…ุบุงูˆุฉุŒ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุจุงูˆู„ ุจุงูˆู„ุŒ
500
00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:05,760
ุณูˆู‚ ุจุงูˆู„
501
00:34:09,180 --> 00:34:11,940
ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ equationsุŸ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุบู„ุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
502
00:34:11,940 --> 00:34:16,180
ic ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง zero ู„ุงุฒู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
503
00:34:16,180 --> 00:34:18,880
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ two charges
504
00:34:18,880 --> 00:34:22,120
plus ุงู„ charge ูˆ minus ุงู„ charge ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูˆู„ุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ
505
00:34:22,120 --> 00:34:25,940
electric field ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูƒุณู ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ plus ูˆ
506
00:34:25,940 --> 00:34:29,400
minus ูˆ ู‡ุชูˆู„ุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ electric field between the
507
00:34:29,400 --> 00:34:33,220
plates ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง electric field ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŸ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
508
00:34:33,220 --> 00:34:37,710
ุฃุดุชู‚ู‡ู… ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ charge ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸู…ู† ุชุนุฑูŠู
509
00:34:37,710 --> 00:34:42,710
ุงู„ุณุนุฉ C Delta V ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŸ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ voltage
510
00:34:42,710 --> 00:34:46,330
ูˆ ุงู„ charge ุงู„ Q ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ C Delta V ูˆ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
511
00:34:46,330 --> 00:34:49,830
Epsilon A ุนู„ู‰ D ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณู ูˆ Delta V ุงู„ู„ูŠ
512
00:34:49,830 --> 00:34:53,370
ู‡ูŠ E ููŠ D ุงู„ potential ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† pink ุงู„ electric
513
00:34:53,370 --> 00:34:57,370
field ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two blades ุงู„ D ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน
514
00:34:57,370 --> 00:35:02,100
ุงู„ D ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† Epsilon E ููŠ Aูˆ E ููŠ A ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
515
00:35:02,100 --> 00:35:04,640
electric flux ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆู†ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ clause
516
00:35:04,640 --> 00:35:08,360
integral ู„ E dot DS ุตู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุงู„ electric flux ุฅุฐุง
517
00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:11,660
ุงู„ charge ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ููŠ ููŠ ูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
518
00:35:11,660 --> 00:35:17,080
permittivity ู„ ุงู„ material between two platesDQ by
519
00:35:17,080 --> 00:35:21,160
DT ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ charge ุงุดู…ู„ู‡ ุจุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ
520
00:35:21,160 --> 00:35:25,500
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ electric flux ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„
521
00:35:25,500 --> 00:35:28,540
electric flux ูุชุชุบูŠุฑ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ charge
522
00:35:28,540 --> 00:35:31,380
ูู‡ูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ charge ูˆ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ charge ู…ุด
523
00:35:31,380 --> 00:35:36,020
ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ุด ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง currentุฅุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
524
00:35:36,020 --> 00:35:38,760
current ุจุณ ู…ุด ุงู„ IC ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ conducting current
525
00:35:38,760 --> 00:35:42,760
current ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุชูˆู„ุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุณู ู„ู‡ two plates
526
00:35:42,760 --> 00:35:46,360
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ู‚ุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูˆู„ุฏูˆุง
527
00:35:46,360 --> 00:35:49,380
electric field ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ electric field ู…ุฑุจูˆุท
528
00:35:49,380 --> 00:35:52,560
ุจุงู„ุชุดุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ plate ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณู ููŠ ู‡ุงูŠ
529
00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:55,800
ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ููŠ
530
00:35:55,800 --> 00:35:58,680
ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูˆ ุจุณ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู‡ุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู† ุงู„ charge
531
00:35:58,680 --> 00:36:02,260
ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ C D Delta V ูˆ ุงู„ potential ุฏู‡ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
532
00:36:02,260 --> 00:36:06,910
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ electric field ููŠ ุงู„ distanceูˆุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู€ Q ุจุชู‡ุง
533
00:36:06,910 --> 00:36:10,610
ุณุงูˆูŠ epsilon ููŠ E ููŠ A ูˆE ููŠ A ู‡ุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ electric
534
00:36:10,610 --> 00:36:16,210
flux ู„ูˆ ูุถู„ู†ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฒู…ู† ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ D by
535
00:36:16,210 --> 00:36:19,470
DT ููŠ epsilon ููŠ E ูˆepsilon ุทู„ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุนุชุจุฑู†ุงู‡ุง
536
00:36:19,470 --> 00:36:21,770
constant ู„ู„ูŠ ุฏู‡ electric ุงู„ between ุงู„ุฃ places
537
00:36:21,770 --> 00:36:24,970
ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ DQ by DT ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
538
00:36:24,970 --> 00:36:29,320
electric fluxุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชูŠุงุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
539
00:36:29,320 --> 00:36:32,800
ู‡ูˆ displacement current ู‡ูŠ ุทุจุนุง units of current
540
00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:36,440
ู„ุฅู† ุฏูŠ Q by ุฏูŠ T ู…ุงุนู„ุงู‡ุง current ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูŠ ุฏูŠ ูุงูŠ E
541
00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:40,320
by ุฏูŠ T ู…ุงุนู„ุงู‡ุง current ุฅุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ current
542
00:36:40,320 --> 00:36:43,140
ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ displacement current ุงู„ู„ูŠ between the
543
00:36:43,140 --> 00:36:47,380
plates of the capacitor ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ IC ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุณูˆูŠู‡
544
00:36:47,380 --> 00:36:52,310
ุนุดุงู† ุชุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุทุฑููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุฅุฐุง
545
00:36:52,310 --> 00:36:55,090
ุงู„ู€ changing electric fluxุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุทูŠุงุฑ
546
00:36:55,090 --> 00:36:57,810
ุงู„ู€ electric fluxุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทูŠุงุฑ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ุฃุตู„ุง ู‡ูˆ
547
00:36:57,810 --> 00:37:00,370
Ic ุงู„ู€ changing electric flux through the bowel
548
00:37:00,370 --> 00:37:03,190
surface is equivalent to the current Ic through
549
00:37:03,190 --> 00:37:07,450
the flat surface ุจุงู„ุชู…ุงู… ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ IcุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„
550
00:37:07,450 --> 00:37:11,270
ID ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Epsilon D Phi E by DT ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุชู…ุงู… ุจุณุงูˆูŠ
551
00:37:11,270 --> 00:37:15,530
Icูˆุฅู„ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ discontinuity ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู†
552
00:37:15,530 --> 00:37:19,430
ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุญุท ู…ูƒุณู ูˆ Inductor ูˆ ู…ู‚ุงู…ุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
553
00:37:19,430 --> 00:37:21,790
ุงู„ current ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠู† ุทุฑูุงู‰ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ู…ุด ุณูˆูŠุด ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑ
554
00:37:21,790 --> 00:37:25,410
ุงู„ุจุฑุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ conduction current ุงุดู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ ..
555
00:37:25,410 --> 00:37:28,710
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ elements
556
00:37:28,710 --> 00:37:31,750
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุนุซูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ูˆูƒู†ุง
557
00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:34,390
ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง ุงู† ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ conduction current
558
00:37:34,390 --> 00:37:37,230
IC ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณู ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ Inductor ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
559
00:37:37,230 --> 00:37:41,230
ุงู„ุญูƒูŠู…ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุณู‡ ุงู†ุชุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุด ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ุงูƒู†ุงุด ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ
560
00:37:41,230 --> 00:37:43,390
ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑุŒ ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
561
00:37:43,390 --> 00:37:48,630
ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ูˆูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑู…ุงู†ุตูŠุฉุŒ
562
00:37:48,630 --> 00:37:53,230
ูุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑู…ุงู†ุตูŠุฉ ุจุชูู‡ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ concepts ููƒู†ุง ู†ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ
563
00:37:53,230 --> 00:37:56,250
ุจุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ูƒูŠู ู†ุญู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
564
00:37:56,250 --> 00:37:59,930
ุฎู„ุงู†ุง ุจุซู‚ุฉ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ Morphium ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ
565
00:37:59,930 --> 00:38:03,910
ุงู„ุฃุดูŠ ู…ุนุฏู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุชุŒ ุทุจุนุง
566
00:38:07,050 --> 00:38:10,350
ุงู„ุฌู†ุฑุงู„ูŠุฒูŠุดู† always correct in form of Amber's law
567
00:38:10,350 --> 00:38:13,090
is then ุงู„ู€ closed surface integral P dot DS
568
00:38:13,090 --> 00:38:19,150
ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ Mu not Ic ุฒุงุฆุฏ Id enclosed ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน
569
00:38:19,150 --> 00:38:22,630
ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† is a total surface integral ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Mu not ููŠ
570
00:38:22,630 --> 00:38:25,250
mean ุงู„ conduction current ุฒุงุฆุฏ mean displacement
571
00:38:25,250 --> 00:38:29,140
currentุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ูŠูˆ ู†ูˆุฏ I ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ I
572
00:38:29,140 --> 00:38:32,680
collector ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ูŠูˆ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ IDุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŸ
573
00:38:32,680 --> 00:38:36,400
ุทุจุนุง I enclosed ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ IC enclosed ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ูŠูˆ
574
00:38:36,400 --> 00:38:39,840
ู†ูˆุฏ ูˆุจุฏู„ IDุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ epsilon ุฏูŠ ููŠ E by DT ุฅุฐุง
575
00:38:39,840 --> 00:38:42,880
ุฅุญู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„interrelation
576
00:38:42,880 --> 00:38:46,080
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ magnetic field ูˆ mean ูˆ ุงู„ electric
577
00:38:46,080 --> 00:38:48,580
field ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ displacement current ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง DD by
578
00:38:48,580 --> 00:38:51,800
DTุฃุฐุง magnetic fields are being boosted by both
579
00:38:51,800 --> 00:38:54,660
conduction currents and time varying electric
580
00:38:54,660 --> 00:38:57,840
field ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Epsilon ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุงุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง
581
00:38:57,840 --> 00:39:00,580
Epsilon E ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ D
582
00:39:10,700 --> 00:39:13,520
ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุญู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง displacement ู„ุฅู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ
583
00:39:13,520 --> 00:39:15,700
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง dielectric ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡
584
00:39:15,700 --> 00:39:17,840
dielectric ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุงู„ electric field ู‚ุงุนุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„
585
00:39:17,840 --> 00:39:19,840
positive ูˆ ุงู„ negative chargeุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„
586
00:39:19,840 --> 00:39:23,400
dielectric ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ platesุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ atomsุŒ ุฅูŠุด
587
00:39:23,400 --> 00:39:27,800
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ atomsุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง minus ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง plusุŒ
588
00:39:27,800 --> 00:39:30,480
ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ atoms dielectricุŒ ู…ุด conductorsุŒ
589
00:39:30,480 --> 00:39:34,680
ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆ ู‡ุชุทูู‚ู…ุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ stretching ู„ู„ atoms ู‡ู†ุง
590
00:39:34,680 --> 00:39:39,600
ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง bluff ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
591
00:39:39,600 --> 00:39:42,100
stretching ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุจ ุงู„ displacement ูƒู…ุงู†
592
00:39:42,100 --> 00:39:45,900
ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ isolation ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
593
00:39:45,900 --> 00:39:50,240
stretching ูˆ ุงู„ contraction ุชุจุน ุงู„ atoms ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
594
00:39:50,240 --> 00:39:52,800
ุงู„ electric field ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุจ ุงู„ displacement
595
00:39:52,800 --> 00:39:53,820
ูƒู…ุงู†
596
00:40:08,040 --> 00:40:11,740
ุจุณ ูƒู…ุงู…ุฑุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู„ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ูˆุง ู…ุนู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณู
597
00:40:11,740 --> 00:40:14,080
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ surface ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ clause
598
00:40:14,080 --> 00:40:17,080
integral ู„ุฃูƒุณู‡ ุงู„ DL ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ I enclosed ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
599
00:40:17,080 --> 00:40:20,900
ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ I ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุณู…ูŠุงู†ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ surface ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ
600
00:40:20,900 --> 00:40:24,160
ุงู† ุงู„ enclosed current ู…ุงู„ู‡ูˆุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ GD
601
00:40:24,160 --> 00:40:28,520
ุฏูˆู„ DS ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ู…ู† ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
602
00:40:28,520 --> 00:40:31,200
electric field ูุจุณ ู…ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„
603
00:40:31,200 --> 00:40:35,650
magnetic field ูˆ electric field ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏูู‡ู†ุง
604
00:40:35,650 --> 00:40:39,710
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two plates I ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง zeroุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุงู„ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
605
00:40:39,710 --> 00:40:42,970
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ displacement currentุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
606
00:40:42,970 --> 00:40:45,890
ุงู„ clause integral H dot DL ุจุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
607
00:40:45,890 --> 00:40:48,570
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง GD ุจุณุงูˆูŠุฉ Zero ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุง ู„ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
608
00:40:48,570 --> 00:40:52,030
ูุดุŒ displacement currentุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูู‚ุท
609
00:40:52,030 --> 00:40:53,490
displacement current ูˆ ูุด I
610
00:40:57,690 --> 00:41:00,110
ุฃุฐุง ุงู„ conduction current density is given by G of
611
00:41:00,110 --> 00:41:02,850
C ุจุณุงูˆูŠุฉ Sigma E ุงู„ displacement current ุงูŠุด
612
00:41:02,850 --> 00:41:08,370
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ Epsilon DE by DT ู„ูˆ
613
00:41:08,370 --> 00:41:11,810
ูุฑุถู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ electric field ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
614
00:41:11,810 --> 00:41:15,150
ุดูƒู„ sinusoidal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ electric field ุจุณุงูˆูŠุฉ A0
615
00:41:15,150 --> 00:41:20,430
Cos Omega Tุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง jc ู…ุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ sigma e ุฅุฐุง
616
00:41:20,430 --> 00:41:23,050
ุจุถุฑุจ ู‡ุงูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ sigma ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง jc conduction current
617
00:41:23,050 --> 00:41:26,450
ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุฌูŠุจ jd ุฅูŠุด ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูุงุถุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†
618
00:41:26,450 --> 00:41:29,010
ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุฃู†ุง ูุฑุถุงุก already ุจุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู„ูˆ
619
00:41:29,010 --> 00:41:33,270
constant E ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ E node ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง zero ุจุณ ุจูŠุถู„ ุนู†ุฏ
620
00:41:33,270 --> 00:41:36,910
ุงู„ conduction current ุฅุฐุง jd ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ minus
621
00:41:36,910 --> 00:41:42,800
omega epsilon E node ู„ุฅู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ epsilonE0 ู…ูŠุฑู‡ุง
622
00:41:42,800 --> 00:41:47,640
ุงู„ูƒูˆุณูŠู†ุช ุตุงุฑุช sin ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‰ ุงุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ maximum value
623
00:41:47,640 --> 00:41:50,500
ุงูˆ ุงู„ magnitude ุชุจุน ุงู„ GSC ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆุณูŠู†ุช
624
00:41:50,500 --> 00:41:53,160
ุจูŠุตูŠุญ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ minus ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„
625
00:41:53,160 --> 00:41:56,360
absolute value maximum absolute ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจู‚ู‰
626
00:41:56,360 --> 00:41:59,420
ู‡ุชุณูˆู‰ sigma E0 ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ absolute ุงู„ maximum ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
627
00:41:59,420 --> 00:42:03,660
omega epsilon E0 ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠู†
628
00:42:03,660 --> 00:42:07,140
conduction current ูˆ displacement currentู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
629
00:42:07,140 --> 00:42:11,060
ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ููŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
630
00:42:11,060 --> 00:42:14,400
ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ .. ู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„conductivity ูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุจุชู…ุซู„ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
631
00:42:14,400 --> 00:42:16,880
ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ุงุชุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ dielectric ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุจู„ุงุช ุชุณุชุนู…ู„
632
00:42:16,880 --> 00:42:21,840
ุงู„ูƒุจุงุณูŠุชุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุฃุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุงุฑู†
633
00:42:21,840 --> 00:42:24,740
ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ conduction current ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุซู„ูˆุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฃูˆ
634
00:42:24,740 --> 00:42:27,500
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู†ู‡ ุณูŠุฌู…ุงุŒ ุงู„ conductivity ูˆ ุจูŠู†
635
00:42:27,500 --> 00:42:30,660
displacement current ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู†ู‡ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ููŠ
636
00:42:30,660 --> 00:42:33,890
ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุงู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
637
00:42:33,890 --> 00:42:38,630
ูƒุงู†ุช sigma ุงู„ conductivity ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ฮต ูˆ ุฃู…ุฌุงุŒ
638
00:42:38,630 --> 00:42:43,490
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุง ุฏูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
639
00:42:43,490 --> 00:42:47,810
ุฃุตุบุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุง cุŒ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช sigma ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†
640
00:42:47,810 --> 00:42:51,710
ุฃู…ุฌุง cุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ conductor ู…ุงู„ู‡ very good conductorุŒ
641
00:42:51,710 --> 00:42:55,070
sigma ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุง ุฏูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ negligibleุŒ
642
00:42:55,070 --> 00:42:59,190
ุงู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุง cุŒ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงุฌูŠ ุฃุฌู…ุน
643
00:42:59,190 --> 00:43:03,500
ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†ุŒู„ู„ code conductor ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ุงู„ุฉ gd ู…ุด ุงุญู†ุง
644
00:43:03,500 --> 00:43:05,680
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‡ู…ุงู„ุฉ ุฅู„ุง ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ high
645
00:43:05,680 --> 00:43:10,760
frequencies ููŠ ุงู„ high frequencies Omega C Omega
646
00:43:10,760 --> 00:43:14,540
ููŠ ุฃุจุณู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† Sigma ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
647
00:43:14,540 --> 00:43:17,180
condition ุตุญูŠุญ ู‡ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู‡ู…ุงู„ู‡ good insulator
648
00:43:17,180 --> 00:43:20,820
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฃู‡ู…ุงู„ IC ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ููŠ ุงู„
649
00:43:20,820 --> 00:43:23,880
code conductor ู…ูŠู‡ ุจู…ุฑุฑ conduction current ูุงู„
650
00:43:23,880 --> 00:43:28,250
insulator ู‡ูŠู…ุฑุฑ displacement currentุฒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ high
651
00:43:28,250 --> 00:43:30,630
frequencies ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ radio waves ูˆ ุงู„ TV
652
00:43:30,630 --> 00:43:33,730
waves ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ space ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ dielectric
653
00:43:33,730 --> 00:43:36,390
materialุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ displacement
654
00:43:36,390 --> 00:43:40,050
ูƒุฑุงู†ุชู‡ ุจุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ propagation ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ waves ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
655
00:43:40,050 --> 00:43:41,010
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ space
656
00:43:44,600 --> 00:43:47,740
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ free space ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุงุฏุง ู‡ูŠุฑุฒ
657
00:43:47,740 --> 00:43:50,380
ุฃุซุจุช ูˆ experimentally ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ready waves
658
00:43:50,380 --> 00:43:54,500
ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ displacement current ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู„ุฃู†
659
00:43:54,500 --> 00:43:57,360
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุณุจุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ propagation ุงู„
660
00:43:57,360 --> 00:43:59,860
electromagnetic waves ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ conduction current
661
00:43:59,860 --> 00:44:02,000
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† zero ูˆ ุฅู„ุง ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฃุญู†ุง ู…ูƒู‡ุฑุจูŠู† ู„ูˆ
662
00:44:02,000 --> 00:44:07,180
conduction current ู…ูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ spaceุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
663
00:44:07,180 --> 00:44:10,780
condition ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุดูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจู‚ูˆุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุณ
664
00:44:10,780 --> 00:44:13,340
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ conduction current ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุดูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡
665
00:44:13,340 --> 00:44:18,520
ุนู†ุฏูŠ displacement current ุดูˆู ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ู…ุนู†ุง ูˆู‚ุช ูˆู„ุง
666
00:44:18,520 --> 00:44:23,400
ูƒูŠู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŸ ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉุŸ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉุŸ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ
667
00:44:23,400 --> 00:44:23,900
ู…ุนู†ุง ูˆู‚ุช
668
00:44:30,260 --> 00:44:33,860
ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู€ plate capacitor with plate area ุฎู…ุณุฉ
669
00:44:33,860 --> 00:44:37,920
centimeter ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ูƒุณู ุงู„ two plates ู‡ูŠูƒ
670
00:44:37,920 --> 00:44:41,380
ุจุงู„ุจุนุฏ ูˆู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฎู…ุณุฉ centimeter ู…ุฑุจุน
671
00:44:41,380 --> 00:44:44,300
ุนู†ุฏูŠ plate separation ูˆู…ุณุงูุฉ between the two
672
00:44:44,300 --> 00:44:49,420
plates ุชู„ุงุชุฉ millimeter ุงู„ voltage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„
673
00:44:49,420 --> 00:44:54,160
plates V ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุตูŠู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ T volt
674
00:44:54,160 --> 00:44:57,340
applies to its plates ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two plates
675
00:44:57,340 --> 00:44:59,680
ุชุนูˆู†ูˆุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณู ุชุจุนู†ุง
676
00:45:05,990 --> 00:45:10,910
ุงู„ area ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ plates ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุงู„ area
677
00:45:10,910 --> 00:45:17,570
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ plates ุฎู…ุณุฉ centimeter ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
678
00:45:17,570 --> 00:45:22,190
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ millimeter ูˆุงู„ potential ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุฑุถู†ุงู‡ ุจูŠู†
679
00:45:22,190 --> 00:45:28,070
ุทุฑููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠู† ุทุฑููŠ ุงู„ two plates ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† sign
680
00:45:28,070 --> 00:45:29,830
ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
681
00:45:34,980 --> 00:45:40,800
ุทุจ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุงูุชุฑุถู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ epsilon ู„ู„
682
00:45:40,800 --> 00:45:44,900
media ุงู„ู„ู‰ between ุงู„ two plates epsilon ุจุชุณุงูˆู‰
683
00:45:44,900 --> 00:45:49,300
ุงุชู†ูŠู† epsilon ุทุจุนุงุŒ ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ุงู„ู„ู‰ between
684
00:45:49,300 --> 00:45:51,980
two plates ู‡ูŠ media ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ permittivity
685
00:45:51,980 --> 00:45:56,760
ุจุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† epsilon ุทุจ calculate ุฏู‡ displacement
686
00:45:56,760 --> 00:46:00,600
current ุทุจ ุงุด ุงู„ displacement current ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุŸ
687
00:46:00,600 --> 00:46:04,870
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง displacement current ู‡ูˆ d d by dtู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„
688
00:46:04,870 --> 00:46:07,490
current ุฅุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง I D ูˆ I D ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„
689
00:46:07,490 --> 00:46:12,630
current density ุฌูŠ ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ dot DS ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ D
690
00:46:12,630 --> 00:46:15,590
ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ุฃุนุฑู ุฏูŠุŸ ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ epsilon E ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุฃูˆู„
691
00:46:15,590 --> 00:46:17,730
ุฃุฌูŠุจ J ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ current J ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
692
00:46:17,730 --> 00:46:20,930
current density ูˆ ุงู„ current ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ J
693
00:46:20,930 --> 00:46:25,560
dot DSุฏ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅุญู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู†
694
00:46:25,560 --> 00:46:28,260
ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู†ุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู†ูˆุช ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
695
00:46:28,260 --> 00:46:32,880
ุจูŠู† two plates ุฅุฐุงู‹ V ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ
696
00:46:32,880 --> 00:46:36,300
ุฏูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ V ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูŠู‡ ุฃูˆู„ุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† V
697
00:46:36,300 --> 00:46:39,560
ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฌูŠู‡ ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุฏูŠ ุจุฌุงู‰ ุฏูŠ T
698
00:46:39,560 --> 00:46:44,980
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุฏูŠ V by ุฏูŠ T ุตุญุŸ ุจุณ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
699
00:46:44,980 --> 00:46:48,570
ู†ุนูˆุถ ุนู† ุฏูŠุฃุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูŠ constant ุฃุจุณู„ูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†
700
00:46:48,570 --> 00:46:50,330
ุงุจุณู„ูˆู† not ูˆD ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุช
701
00:46:50,330 --> 00:46:53,290
ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠู† ูˆู…ุชุบูŠุฑ VุŒ V ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุนุช ุจุชุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒู…ุงู†ุŒ ุงุฐุง
702
00:46:53,290 --> 00:46:58,010
ุฌุง ุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุฃุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูŠ ููŠ DV by DTุŒ ุจุฏู„
703
00:46:58,010 --> 00:47:01,150
ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุงุดุฑ ุตู„ูƒ totalุŒ ู„ุฅู† ู…ุงูุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ
704
00:47:01,150 --> 00:47:06,050
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆ TุŒ ุงุฐุง ID ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุฃุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ D
705
00:47:06,050 --> 00:47:11,330
ููŠ S ููŠ DV by DTุŒ ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ CุŸ ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
706
00:47:11,330 --> 00:47:13,730
ุฃุจุณู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ area ุนู„ู‰ DุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ capacitance
707
00:47:13,730 --> 00:47:19,990
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณุจ ุตุญุŸูู‰ DV by D ุฅุฐุง I displacement
708
00:47:19,990 --> 00:47:22,790
ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ุฒู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ conduction ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุงู„ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู† ูู‰
709
00:47:22,790 --> 00:47:26,970
ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุนู‰ ู…ุด ูƒู†ุง ุงู„ I ุจูŠุณุงูˆู‰ C DV DV by DT ูู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†
710
00:47:26,970 --> 00:47:31,050
ุงุณุชุซู†ู‰ ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู† NT equal 0 V ุจุฑุถู‡
711
00:47:31,050 --> 00:47:33,650
ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชุณุงูˆู‰ Zero ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ voltage ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ
712
00:47:33,650 --> 00:47:38,890
ู†ุณุชุซู†ู‰ ูˆู…ุณุชุฌุฑูŠู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุฃูˆ
713
00:47:38,890 --> 00:47:41,550
ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† V ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุจุนูŠุฏ ู…ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
714
00:47:41,550 --> 00:47:43,650
constant ุงู„ current ุงู„ displacement current ู…ุงู„ู‚ุงุด
715
00:47:43,650 --> 00:47:48,630
ุจูŠุณุงูˆู‰ ZeroุตุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง I ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุทุจุนุง
716
00:47:48,630 --> 00:47:52,150
ุฌูŠุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ area
717
00:47:52,150 --> 00:47:57,170
ุฎู…ุณุฉ centimeter ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ millimeter ุฎู…ุณุฉ
718
00:47:57,170 --> 00:47:59,790
centimeter ู…ุฑุจุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆุง ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
719
00:47:59,790 --> 00:48:04,510
ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุฏูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ millimeter
720
00:48:04,510 --> 00:48:07,930
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆุง ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
721
00:48:07,930 --> 00:48:10,650
epsilon ุงุชู†ูŠู† epsilon not ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ epsilon ู…ูŠู† ุนุดุฑ
722
00:48:10,650 --> 00:48:13,560
ุฃู‚ูˆุง ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชุณุนุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† byุฃุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ epsilon
723
00:48:13,560 --> 00:48:16,660
note ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู†ู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† by ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
724
00:48:16,660 --> 00:48:20,920
area ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ DV by DT DV by DT
725
00:48:20,920 --> 00:48:25,700
ุฅูŠุด ูุนุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูˆ cosine ุฅูŠุด
726
00:48:25,700 --> 00:48:29,800
ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ cosine ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณูŠู†
727
00:48:29,800 --> 00:48:35,620
ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cosine ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ T ูุฅุฐุง
728
00:48:35,620 --> 00:48:39,240
ุจุถุฑุจู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃู‡ ู…ุด ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ
729
00:48:39,240 --> 00:48:40,460
ู†ู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง type
730
00:48:43,220 --> 00:48:47,500
ูุฅุฐุง I D ุฃุดุจู‡ ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ 147.4 ูƒุณู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
731
00:48:47,500 --> 00:48:54,420
T ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุงู†ูˆ ุฃู…ุจูŠุฑ ุญูˆู„ุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ู†ุงู†ูˆ ุฃู…ุจูŠุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
732
00:48:54,420 --> 00:48:58,440
ุจูƒุณูˆุฒ
733
00:48:58,440 --> 00:49:01,740
equations in the final form ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ
734
00:49:01,740 --> 00:49:04,240
ุนู…ู„ differential form ุงู„ integral form ูˆุฅูŠุด ุงุณู…
735
00:49:04,240 --> 00:49:09,450
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ form ุชุจุนุงุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ diverse ุฏูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ raw
736
00:49:09,450 --> 00:49:14,650
V ุงู„ clause integral ู„ D ุถุฏ DS ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ clause
737
00:49:14,650 --> 00:49:19,150
integral ู„ raw V DV ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู† ุงู„ clause ุจุช charge
738
00:49:19,150 --> 00:49:24,580
ุตุญุŸ ูŠุง ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุตู„ุญ ุญุงุฌุฉู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง gauss law ุฅุฐุง
739
00:49:24,580 --> 00:49:27,100
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ divergence D ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ charge density ุฃูˆ
740
00:49:27,100 --> 00:49:29,700
ุงู„ clause integral ุฏูŠ ุฏูˆู„ ุฏูŠ ุฃุณ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ total
741
00:49:29,700 --> 00:49:34,800
enclosed chargeุŒ gauss law ุงู„ divergence B ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
742
00:49:34,800 --> 00:49:37,700
0 ุฃูˆ ุงู„ clause surface integral ุฏูŠ ุฏูˆู„ ุฏูŠ ุฃุณ
743
00:49:37,700 --> 00:49:41,200
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 0 ุญุฏ ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุฃูŠุดูˆู„ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ูŠ
744
00:49:41,200 --> 00:49:44,420
ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ monopole ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
745
00:49:44,420 --> 00:49:48,940
QM ู„ุญุงู„ ูˆ minus QM ู„ุญุงู„ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ magnet ููŠ ุงู„
746
00:49:48,940 --> 00:49:51,440
positive pole ูˆ minus pole ู„ูˆ ุณู…ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ positive ุฃูˆ
747
00:49:51,440 --> 00:49:54,760
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ north ูˆุงู„ south ุงู„ north ู‡ูˆ plus QM ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
748
00:49:54,760 --> 00:49:59,020
ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ minus QM ู…ุด ู…ู† ูุงุตู„ุงุช ุนู† ุจุนุถ ูƒุฑ ู„ู„ E
749
00:49:59,020 --> 00:50:02,720
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ minus DB by DT ุงุฐุง ุงู„ line ุงู†ุชุฌุฑุฉ ู„ E dot
750
00:50:02,720 --> 00:50:06,020
DL ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ minus D by DT ุงู„ surface ุงู†ุชุฌุฑุฉ ู„ B dot
751
00:50:06,020 --> 00:50:11,420
DS ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุญุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ paradise lawุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชุดูˆููŠู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
752
00:50:11,420 --> 00:50:14,600
inter relationุŒ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ magnetic field
753
00:50:14,600 --> 00:50:18,660
ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ close line integral a dot dl ูˆ
754
00:50:18,660 --> 00:50:22,600
ุจุทู„ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ electric field conservativeุŒ ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ุŸ
755
00:50:22,600 --> 00:50:24,840
ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ curl ุจูŠุณูˆุง zero ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ conservation
756
00:50:25,480 --> 00:50:29,420
of force ููŠ ุงู„ electric field ุงู„ force ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„
757
00:50:29,420 --> 00:50:32,200
electric field ูƒุงู†ุช conservative ู‡ู†ุง ุจุทู„ุช ูุงู„ line
758
00:50:32,200 --> 00:50:35,240
integral E dot DL ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ zero ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ zero ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
759
00:50:35,240 --> 00:50:38,100
ุงู„ path independent ูˆ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ force ู…ุง
760
00:50:38,100 --> 00:50:41,620
ู„ู‡ุง conservative ูุฅุฐุง paradise law ุงุชุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡
761
00:50:41,620 --> 00:50:44,640
ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ magnetic field ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ electric
762
00:50:44,640 --> 00:50:49,200
field ุฃูˆ ุงู„ line integral E dot DLูƒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ H
763
00:50:49,200 --> 00:50:52,620
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ J ุฏูŠ ุฏูŠ ุจูŠ ุฏูŠ T ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ displacement
764
00:50:52,620 --> 00:50:55,380
current ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ line integral ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
765
00:50:55,380 --> 00:50:58,560
Integra form ู„H dot DL ุฅู† ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง Stock's
766
00:50:58,560 --> 00:51:01,640
theorem ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ surface
767
00:51:01,640 --> 00:51:06,200
integral ู„ J plus DD by DT dot DS ู‡ุฐุง Ambers law
768
00:51:06,200 --> 00:51:11,520
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ modified Ambers law ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญู‚ู‚ู†ุง
769
00:51:11,520 --> 00:51:13,260
ุงู„ continuity equations
770
00:51:24,020 --> 00:51:30,820
ู…ูู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูŠุฑุชูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนูŠุณุชุฑูˆุจูŠ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูˆู…ูˆุฌูŠู†ุชูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉุจ
771
00:51:30,820 --> 00:51:33,640
still apply ู„ู„ time varying field ุฅูŠุด ุจุนุฑู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
772
00:51:33,640 --> 00:51:36,180
ุงู„ linearity ูˆ ุงู„ homogeneity ูˆ ุงู„ isotropic ู†ูุณ
773
00:51:36,180 --> 00:51:40,400
ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุทุจู‚ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
774
00:51:40,400 --> 00:51:44,680
ู‡ูŠ D ุจุชุณูˆุก Epsilon E ุฃูˆ Epsilon node E ุฒุงุฆุฏ B ู…ู†
775
00:51:44,680 --> 00:51:48,240
ุงู„ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ B ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Mu H ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Mu node ููŠ H
776
00:51:48,240 --> 00:51:51,960
ุฒุงุฆุฏ M ุฃูˆ G ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณูˆุก Sigma E ุฒุงุฆุฏ Rho V ูƒุฏู‡
777
00:51:51,960 --> 00:51:55,460
ููŠ ูˆุณุทูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ linearity ูˆ
778
00:51:55,460 --> 00:51:57,920
ุงู„ homogeneity ูˆ ุงู„ isotropic ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุทุจู‚ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
779
00:51:59,080 --> 00:52:01,420
Consequently, the boundary conditions ุจุฑุถู‡
780
00:52:01,420 --> 00:52:04,160
ุจุชุญู‚ู‚ูˆุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ tangential component ู„ู„ู€electric
781
00:52:04,160 --> 00:52:07,340
field ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 0ุŒ ุงู„ normal component ู„ู„ D field
782
00:52:07,340 --> 00:52:10,480
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฑุคุณุŒ ุงู„ tangential component ู„ู„ magnetic
783
00:52:10,480 --> 00:52:14,140
field ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ KุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ surface charge .. surface
784
00:52:14,140 --> 00:52:18,100
currentุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ normal component ู„ B ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 0ุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
785
00:52:18,100 --> 00:52:20,180
ุจูŠุถู„ู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู… ุงู„ boundary conditions
786
00:52:22,800 --> 00:52:27,160
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ diagrams ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท
787
00:52:27,160 --> 00:52:30,880
ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ electromagneticุŒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุชุŒ
788
00:52:30,880 --> 00:52:34,020
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุฃุจุณุท ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุŒ
789
00:52:34,020 --> 00:52:41,420
ูู‡ูŠ ุญุงุทูŠุชู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุคูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ E ูˆD ูˆRaw V ูˆVุŒ ุงุดุช
790
00:52:41,420 --> 00:52:46,280
ุฏูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ EุŸ E ููŠ Epsilon ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ DุŒ ุทุจุนุงุŒ ุงุฐุง
791
00:52:46,280 --> 00:52:51,450
Epsilon ููŠ E ู‡ูŠ E ููŠ Epsilon ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง DุฅูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
792
00:52:51,450 --> 00:52:59,630
raw V ููŠ DุŸ diverge ุงู„ D ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ raw V ุทุจ
793
00:52:59,630 --> 00:53:03,250
ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ V ููŠ ุงู„ electric fieldุŸ E ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
794
00:53:03,250 --> 00:53:09,770
minus grade ุงู„ V ูŠุนู†ูŠ
795
00:53:09,770 --> 00:53:12,890
applied ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู…ุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฏู„ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
796
00:53:12,890 --> 00:53:15,990
application ุน ุงู„ V ุฅุฐุง minus grade ุงู„ V ููŠ E
797
00:53:15,990 --> 00:53:19,470
ุงู„ุณุงู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ E ุงู„ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ E ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
798
00:53:19,470 --> 00:53:23,000
Dู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณู‡ู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ุŒ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ divergence applied
799
00:53:23,000 --> 00:53:26,700
ุนู… ูŠูŠู†ุนุฏูŠุŒ divergence D ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฑูˆ VุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณู‡ู†
800
00:53:26,700 --> 00:53:30,860
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ minus del dot epsilon grade ุงู„ V ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
801
00:53:30,860 --> 00:53:34,160
ุฑูˆ VุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ุชู‚ู„ุŒ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง minus ุงู„
802
00:53:34,160 --> 00:53:37,140
.. ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ E ูˆ ุงู„ ุฑูˆ V ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฌุงูŠุฉุŒ
803
00:53:37,140 --> 00:53:42,540
divergence ุงู„ epsilon E ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฑูˆ VุŒ ู„ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
804
00:53:42,540 --> 00:53:45,340
ุงู„ E ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ minus grade ุงู„ V ุจุชุทู„ุนุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ
805
00:53:45,340 --> 00:53:51,160
ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุงุช ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ูˆ
806
00:53:51,160 --> 00:53:54,660
ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุถุงู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฑู‚ู…
807
00:53:54,660 --> 00:53:58,940
ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฒูŠ ุชู…ุงุซู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด
808
00:53:58,940 --> 00:54:04,720
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ูˆ ุงู„ VM ูุชู…ุงุซู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช
809
00:54:04,720 --> 00:54:10,030
ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุญุท ุฑุคูˆุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุงุชูููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง
810
00:54:10,030 --> 00:54:12,710
ุงู†ูƒูˆุง ุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูู‡ู…ูˆู‡ู… ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูˆ ุช .. ูˆ ุช .. ูˆ
811
00:54:12,710 --> 00:54:15,730
ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠููŠุฏูˆูƒูˆุง ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุญุจ ู‡ุงูŠ
812
00:54:15,730 --> 00:54:19,250
ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ ููŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู†ุงุณ ุจุญุจูˆุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ diagrams ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
813
00:54:19,250 --> 00:54:22,710
ุฃุณู‡ู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู† ูŠุฑุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ flow ุชุจุน ุงู„ diagram ู…ู† ุฑูˆุณู‡
814
00:54:22,710 --> 00:54:25,510
ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ ุชุฌูŠู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
815
00:54:25,510 --> 00:54:29,530
ุชุงุจุน ูุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุชูู‡ู…ูˆู‡ู… ุนุดุงู† ุชุณุชุฎุตูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… .. ุชุณุชุฎุตูˆุง
816
00:54:29,530 --> 00:54:32,590
ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ุงู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงูŠุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ ..
817
00:54:32,590 --> 00:54:35,490
ุงู„ hint ุงูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ help ุชุจุนูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
818
00:54:35,490 --> 00:54:40,720
diagramsู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ chapter ุงู„ุชุงุณุน
819
00:54:40,720 --> 00:54:43,720
ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠ
820
00:54:43,720 --> 00:54:44,660
ู…ู† ุงู„ chapter ุงู„ุชุงุณุน