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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
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ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
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ุณู†ุดุฑุญ section ู…ู‡ู… section 4 ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุณู†ุฏุฑุณ ููŠู‡
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ู…ูˆุถูˆุนูŠู† ุชู‚ุนุฑ concavity ูˆู†ู‚ุงุท ู„ุงู†ุนุทุงู ุฃูˆ ู„ุงู†ู‚ู„ุงุจ
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ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุณู†ุฏุฑุณ ูƒูŠู ู†ุฑุณู… ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ู„ุฑุณู… ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† section ู…ู‡ู…ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู€ Concavity
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ุชู‚ุนุฑ Uncurved Sketching ูˆุฑุณู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู†ูŠุงุช ู„ูˆ ุฎุฏู†ุง
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ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุณูˆูŠูƒ ุณูƒุงูŠูƒูˆ ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ
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ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู€ infinity ุฅู„ู‰ zero ุงู„ุชู‚ุนุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูƒู„ ุฃุณูู„
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ุงู„ู€ concave ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุตูุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู„ู„ูŠู‡ุงูŠ ุจูƒู„ ุฃุนู„ู‰
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ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ concave up
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง concave down ูˆconcave up ููŠ ุฃูŠ
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ูุชุฑุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุณูุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุชูุตู„ ุจูŠู† ู…ู†ุทู‚ุชูŠู† ู‚ุจู„
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concave down ูˆู‚ุจู„ concave up ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุงุท
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ุงู†ุนุทุงู ุงูˆ ุงู†ู‚ู„ุงู‚ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง inflection points
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concavity ุชู‚ุนุฑ definitionู‡ู†ุฃุฎุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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ู„ุฃ ุฃุณูู„ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ The graph of a differentiable
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function Y equal F of X is concave up ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุญูŠู†
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ุฅุฏุงู„ุฉ Y ุณูˆุงุก F of X ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฃู† ุชู‚ุน ููŠู‡ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ On
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an open interval I if F' is increasing on I ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฏุฉ ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุฑุฉ I ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
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ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุน ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ decreasing
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ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ I ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู†ุฏูŠูƒู… cap down ู„ุฅู†
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ุงุญู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฅุฏุฉ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
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ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
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ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
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ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
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ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
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ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
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ู„
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The second derivative test for concavity ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ
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ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชู‚ุงุนุฑ Let y equal f of x be twice
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differentiable on an interval I ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
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ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ f of x ู‚ุจู„ ุงุดุชู‚ุงู‚ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุฑุฉ I if f
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double prime ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0
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ุงู„ู€ graph of F over I is concave up ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
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ุฃุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ ูุชุฑุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃุณูู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚
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ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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ููŠู‡ concave up ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ
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ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง concave down ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
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ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุฏู‡ ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ููŠู‡ ูˆุงุช ูˆ ุณูˆุก XDK ูุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†
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ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู†ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‡ูŠ
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ุฅู„ู‰ Zero ููŠู‡ concave down ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡
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concave upุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
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ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุชุณูˆ X ุชูƒู‡ูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
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ุนู† ุณุชุฉ X ู‡ูŠ ุณุชุฉ X ูุงุชู„ุงุนุธูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ W
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ุจุฑุงู…ูŠ ุจุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ X ู‡ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช X ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
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ุณูุฑ ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ
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ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ
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ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ูŠุฉ Zero ูˆุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ
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ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ Infinity ุฅู„ู‰
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Zero ุชู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุน
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ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ู„ูˆ ุฎุฏู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุณูˆูŠ X ุชุงุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุดุชุบู„ ุฏุงูŠู…ุงู‹
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ุงุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุง ุงุนู„ู‰ 2ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุฏุง ู„ูˆ ุชุณูˆู‰ 3 ุฒูŠ sign X
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ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† 0 ุฅู„ู‰ 2ฯ€ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุทู„ุน
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ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุณูˆู‰ ุณุงู„ุจ sign X ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฒูŠ X
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ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุงู„ุจ sign X ูˆุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
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ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† 0 ุฅู„ู‰ 2ฯ€ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู† 0ู„ู€
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ฯ€ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ sine ู…ูˆุฌุจ
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ูุงู„ู€ sine ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
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ู…ุงู†ุธุฑู‡ ููŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
62
00:04:26,430 --> 00:04:29,950
ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
63
00:04:29,950 --> 00:04:34,050
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ู„ู€ ฯ€ุงูŠ ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
64
00:04:34,050 --> 00:04:37,530
ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒู… curve down ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ฯ€ุงูŠ ู„ุฅุชู†ูŠู†
65
00:04:37,530 --> 00:04:40,710
ุจุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุณุงู„ุจ
66
00:04:40,710 --> 00:04:44,590
ูู…ุงู†ุธุฑู‡ ููŠ ุณุงู„ุจุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูƒ
67
00:04:44,590 --> 00:04:50,710
ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒู… curve up Y ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ
68
00:04:50,710 --> 00:04:57,590
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ Y ุชุณูˆูŠุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€Sin X ูˆู…ู† ุตูุฑ
69
00:04:57,590 --> 00:05:02,150
ู„ุจูŠ ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณูู„ ูˆู…ู† ุจูŠ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุจูŠ ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰
70
00:05:02,150 --> 00:05:05,430
ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ู‡ูˆ points of inflection
71
00:05:05,430 --> 00:05:09,250
points of inflection ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุทุงู ุฃูˆ
72
00:05:09,250 --> 00:05:14,030
ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ู„ุงุจุชุนุฑูŠู a point where the graph of a
73
00:05:14,030 --> 00:05:19,170
function has a tangent line ู‡ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญุงู†ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
74
00:05:19,170 --> 00:05:22,910
ู„ู‡ tangent line and where the concavity change ูˆ
75
00:05:22,910 --> 00:05:26,650
ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุน ุนูˆุฑูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ุง ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†
76
00:05:26,650 --> 00:05:30,350
ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู„ุฃุณูู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฃุณูู„ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง is a point
77
00:05:30,350 --> 00:05:34,310
of inflection ูƒู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุนู†ุฏ
78
00:05:34,310 --> 00:05:37,750
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ by ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุน ุนูˆุฑูŠ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏ
79
00:05:37,750 --> 00:05:41,300
ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ tangent lineู‚ุงูŠู… ูˆู…ูˆุงู„ุญ
80
00:05:41,300 --> 00:05:47,400
ุจุงู„ุฑุณู… ุจุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง point of inflection at
81
00:05:47,400 --> 00:05:50,920
a point of inflection C ูˆF of C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
82
00:05:50,920 --> 00:05:54,400
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ C ู‡ูŠ point of inflection ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญุฌู…
83
00:05:54,400 --> 00:05:59,920
ุงู†ุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู…ุง ุณูุฑ ุงูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู†ุนุทุงู
84
00:05:59,920 --> 00:06:04,920
ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุณูุฑ ุงูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
85
00:06:06,120 --> 00:06:13,500
ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ X5 ุนู„ู‰ 3 ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
86
00:06:13,500 --> 00:06:17,480
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชู‚ุฑูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ
87
00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:21,500
ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงุณ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ูุงู„ู…ู…ุงุณ
88
00:06:21,500 --> 00:06:24,480
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ู‡ูˆ horizontal tangent
89
00:06:29,890 --> 00:06:33,730
ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุญุณุจู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
90
00:06:33,730 --> 00:06:38,550
ุจุทู„ุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุณุนุฉ ููŠ X ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุช ู„ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
91
00:06:38,550 --> 00:06:42,810
ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุนุฑ ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง X ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ X ุณุงู„ุจ
92
00:06:42,810 --> 00:06:46,530
ุชู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌุจ
93
00:06:46,530 --> 00:06:50,910
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† X
94
00:06:50,910 --> 00:06:54,010
ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
95
00:06:54,010 --> 00:06:56,730
ุณูุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† X ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ูˆู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุงุนุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ
96
00:06:56,730 --> 00:07:00,820
ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ infinity ุฅู„ู‰ Zeroุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
97
00:07:00,820 --> 00:07:04,820
ุณูุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ูุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ
98
00:07:04,820 --> 00:07:09,520
ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‡ูŠุฃ ุงู„ุชู‚ุนุฑ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุณูุฑ
99
00:07:09,520 --> 00:07:12,880
ู‡ุชูุตู„ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุนุฑ ู„ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ุนุฑ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูู‡ูŠ
100
00:07:12,880 --> 00:07:18,000
ุงู†ูู„ูŠูƒุดู† point ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู…ุชูˆุงุถุญูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ุชุณูˆูŠ X ู…ู†
101
00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:21,000
ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุฏู„ุชุฑ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ููŠ ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุนุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„
102
00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:24,160
ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุนุฑ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ูˆ ูˆุตู„ู†ุงู‡
103
00:07:24,160 --> 00:07:27,710
horizontal ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุณูุฑูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
104
00:07:27,710 --> 00:07:33,790
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุนุถุงุฑ The
105
00:07:33,790 --> 00:07:38,570
curve Y ุชุณูˆู‰ X ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ has no inflection point ูŠุนู†ูŠ
106
00:07:38,570 --> 00:07:41,010
ุงู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช Y ุชุณูˆู‰ X ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุงููŠุด inflection point ู„ุฃู†
107
00:07:41,010 --> 00:07:44,470
ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชุดุชุฑูŠู‡ 12 X ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู‡ุฐุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
108
00:07:44,470 --> 00:07:46,810
ู…ูˆุฌุจู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุชู‚ุน ูˆู„ุง ุนู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ
109
00:07:46,810 --> 00:07:52,930
ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุน ูุฑุบู… ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
110
00:07:52,930 --> 00:07:59,330
ุณูุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุงุชู„ุงุนุธูˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุนู„ ุจุชุบูŠุฑู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
111
00:07:59,330 --> 00:08:05,330
ุงู„ุนุทุงู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุณูˆู‰ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงู†ุง
112
00:08:05,330 --> 00:08:09,250
ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุนุทุงู ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง
113
00:08:09,250 --> 00:08:14,690
ู†ุญุณุจู‡ุง ุงุทู„ุงุน ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
114
00:08:14,690 --> 00:08:17,990
ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฑุบู… ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุณูุฑ ูƒุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุนุทุงู ููŠ
115
00:08:17,990 --> 00:08:21,770
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู…ุงููŠุด ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุนุทุงู ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ
116
00:08:21,770 --> 00:08:25,210
ุญุณุจู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุจุทู„ุน ูŠุณูˆูŠ ุณูุฑูุฒูŠ
117
00:08:25,210 --> 00:08:28,710
ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฅุนุทุงู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
118
00:08:28,710 --> 00:08:32,230
ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู…ุง ุตูุฑ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
119
00:08:32,230 --> 00:08:37,250
ุงู„ุฅุนุทุงู ูุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุตูุฑ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
120
00:08:37,250 --> 00:08:40,630
ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฅุนุทุงู ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ
121
00:08:40,630 --> 00:08:49,830
ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆู‚ุช ุณูˆุก X ุซุงู„ุซHas a point of
122
00:08:49,830 --> 00:08:52,110
inflection at the origin because the second
123
00:08:52,110 --> 00:08:55,210
derivative is positive for x less than zero and
124
00:08:55,210 --> 00:08:57,650
negative for x greater than zero
125
00:09:10,190 --> 00:09:15,010
ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุฅุดุงุฑุชู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„
126
00:09:15,010 --> 00:09:18,210
ุงู„ุณูุฑ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูุฑ ูˆ
127
00:09:18,210 --> 00:09:19,950
ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
128
00:09:19,950 --> 00:09:24,850
ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ
129
00:09:24,850 --> 00:09:28,530
ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฑุบู… ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง
130
00:09:28,530 --> 00:09:29,170
ุทุงุฆูุฉ
131
00:09:31,960 --> 00:09:34,980
ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ second derivative test for
132
00:09:34,980 --> 00:09:38,840
local extreme ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฎุฏู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ section
133
00:09:38,840 --> 00:09:42,740
ุณุงุจู‚ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒูŠู ู†ุฌูŠู‡ ุงู„ local maximum ุงูˆ minimum ุนู†
134
00:09:42,740 --> 00:09:46,000
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
135
00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:51,620
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ ุฏู‡ ู„ู‚ุจู„ ุงุดุชุบุงู ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ูˆูƒู„
136
00:09:51,620 --> 00:09:55,640
ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ C ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡
137
00:09:55,640 --> 00:10:00,300
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ C ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ู‚ุทุฉ C ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุญุฑุฌุฉ critical point
138
00:10:00,650 --> 00:10:04,430
ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
139
00:10:04,430 --> 00:10:10,410
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
140
00:10:10,410 --> 00:10:14,450
Zero ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
141
00:10:14,450 --> 00:10:17,670
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† Zero ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
142
00:10:17,670 --> 00:10:22,110
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ C Local Maximum ุฅุฐุง ู†ู†ุชุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
143
00:10:22,110 --> 00:10:24,370
ุชุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† Zero ูุณูŠูƒูˆู†
144
00:10:24,370 --> 00:10:27,920
ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง Local Maximumุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชุณูˆู‰
145
00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:29,920
Zero ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† Zero
146
00:10:29,920 --> 00:10:32,780
ูุจุฏูŠู† ุงู„ Local Minimum ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
147
00:10:32,780 --> 00:10:35,980
ุชุณูˆู‰ Zero ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุณูˆู‰ Zero ูุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
148
00:10:35,980 --> 00:10:42,760
ูŠูุดู„ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ูŠูุดู„ ูุฅุญู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ู†ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
149
00:10:42,760 --> 00:10:45,140
ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ุญุณุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ู„
150
00:10:45,140 --> 00:10:47,540
ู…ู† Zero ุจุฏูŠู† ุงู„ Local Maximum ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
151
00:10:47,540 --> 00:10:49,620
ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† Zero ุจุฏูŠู† ุงู„ Local Minimum ุทุจุนุง ุจูุฑุถ ุฅู†
152
00:10:49,620 --> 00:10:54,440
ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชุณูˆู‰ Zero ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู…
153
00:10:54,440 --> 00:11:05,900
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ F prime ุชุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
154
00:11:05,900 --> 00:11:08,480
ุชุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰
155
00:11:08,480 --> 00:11:14,200
ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูู‡ุฐุง ูŠุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ Local Minimum ู†ุจุฏุฃ
156
00:11:14,200 --> 00:11:19,160
ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃู…ุชู„ุงุฑ ู„ู„ุฑุณู… ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูƒูŠู ู†ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ูƒุงู…
157
00:11:19,160 --> 00:11:25,600
ู„ู„ุฑุณู… ุฃูˆูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ููŠ ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุจู„ูˆู†ูˆู…ูŠุงู„ุฃู ุงูƒุณ
158
00:11:25,600 --> 00:11:29,460
ู„ุฏูŠ ุงูƒุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู†ู‚ุต ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงูƒุณ ุชุงูƒูŠุจ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู†ุฑุณู…ู‡ุง
159
00:11:29,460 --> 00:11:33,740
ุทุงู„ุจ ุงู† ุงู†ุฏูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุงูˆู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ extreme ุงู„
160
00:11:33,740 --> 00:11:39,280
values ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ maximum ูˆ ุงู„ minimum ู†ูˆุฌุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ
161
00:11:39,280 --> 00:11:43,120
ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ู†ูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุงุนู„ู‰ ูˆ
162
00:11:43,120 --> 00:11:45,860
ุงู„ุงุฃุณูู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ inflection point
163
00:11:45,860 --> 00:11:49,990
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุญุงุฑุฌุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู†ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุชุฎุทูŠุท
164
00:11:49,990 --> 00:11:53,950
ุนุงู… ู„ู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุชู‚ุงุทูˆู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ
165
00:11:53,950 --> 00:11:58,430
ุฅุฐุง ููŠู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ Symmetry ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ู…ุญูˆุฑ
166
00:11:58,430 --> 00:12:02,030
ุงู„ุตุฏุงุช ุฃูˆ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ูˆูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ู„ุฎุตู‡ุง ููŠ
167
00:12:02,030 --> 00:12:05,690
ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
168
00:12:05,690 --> 00:12:09,730
ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ polynomial ุนู†ุฏู‡
169
00:12:09,730 --> 00:12:12,530
ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุญุฏุฏ domain ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ domain ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ููŠ
170
00:12:12,530 --> 00:12:17,740
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ Rุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู†ุณุฃู„ ุจุงู„ู€ 2020 ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุฑู
171
00:12:17,740 --> 00:12:20,440
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ domain ุฃูˆ
172
00:12:20,440 --> 00:12:23,560
ู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุณุจู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุงู„ ุฃูˆ
173
00:12:23,560 --> 00:12:26,360
ู…ุณุชู‚ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ domain ู…ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ
174
00:12:26,360 --> 00:12:29,420
ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ domain ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ Domain ุงู„ูƒู„ R
175
00:12:29,420 --> 00:12:32,860
ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ X ูƒูŠุจ
176
00:12:32,860 --> 00:12:38,460
ู†ู‚ุต ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ X ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูˆุงุถุญ
177
00:12:38,460 --> 00:12:42,120
ุฃู†ู‡ุง polynomial ูู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰
178
00:12:42,120 --> 00:12:45,840
ูƒู„ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ Critical
179
00:12:45,840 --> 00:12:49,260
Points ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุญุฑุฌุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง Local
180
00:12:49,260 --> 00:12:53,880
Maximum ุฃูˆ Minimum ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุตูุฑ
181
00:12:53,880 --> 00:12:57,600
ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุตูุฑ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ X ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ููŠ
182
00:12:57,600 --> 00:13:01,460
X ู†ู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ X ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง
183
00:13:01,460 --> 00:13:04,420
ุตูุฑ ูˆ X ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุซู… X ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง ุตูุฑ ูˆ X ุจูŠุณูˆูˆุง
184
00:13:04,420 --> 00:13:08,440
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุญุฑุฌุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฏู‡
185
00:13:08,440 --> 00:13:11,380
ู…ุงููŠุด ู†ู‚ุงุท ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุญุฑุฌุฉ
186
00:13:11,380 --> 00:13:15,140
ูู‚ุท ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉุงู„ุณูุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„
187
00:13:15,140 --> 00:13:19,040
domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุฅู†ูู†ุช ู„ุฅู†ูู†ุชูŠ ู„ุชู„ุช
188
00:13:19,040 --> 00:13:21,380
ุฃุฒุงู‚ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุฅู†ูู†ุช ู„ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฒูŠุฑ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ู…ู†
189
00:13:21,380 --> 00:13:25,220
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู†ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ู†ุจุญุซ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ F prime ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ
190
00:13:25,220 --> 00:13:27,740
ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฅู†ูู†ุช ู„ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
191
00:13:27,740 --> 00:13:31,020
ุณุงู„ุจ
192
00:13:31,020 --> 00:13:36,010
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ
193
00:13:36,010 --> 00:13:39,890
ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 0 ุญุฏูŠู† ุฃู†ุง ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฏูŠ
194
00:13:39,890 --> 00:13:44,310
ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ููŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ูุจุชุงุน ูŠูƒูˆู† decreasing
195
00:13:44,310 --> 00:13:48,030
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† 0 ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ decreasing ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง
196
00:13:48,030 --> 00:13:51,710
ู…ุซู„ุง ุนูˆุถู†ุง ุจุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃู†ุง ุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ููŠ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ
197
00:13:51,710 --> 00:13:55,150
ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุฏูŠู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงุฐุง ุฏู‡
198
00:13:55,150 --> 00:13:57,350
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู†ุงุช
199
00:13:57,350 --> 00:14:00,310
ู„ุฒูŠุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฒูŠุฑู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠุฉ ููŠ
200
00:14:00,310 --> 00:14:04,600
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‡ูŠุชู‡ุง ุฒุงุฆุฑูŠุฉุชู„ุงู‚ุธุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
201
00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:08,320
ุงู„ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ูุงู„ุณูุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง local
202
00:14:08,320 --> 00:14:14,840
extreme ู„ุฃ ุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ูƒุจุฑู‰ ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠ ูˆ
203
00:14:14,840 --> 00:14:18,120
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ู‡ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ local
204
00:14:18,120 --> 00:14:22,080
minimum ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฃูƒุฏ
205
00:14:22,080 --> 00:14:26,740
ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุชู„ุงู‚ุธุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ extreme ุนู†ุฏ
206
00:14:26,740 --> 00:14:32,330
ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ local minimumุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
207
00:14:32,330 --> 00:14:36,050
ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุงู†ู‡ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠุฉ ููŠ
208
00:14:36,050 --> 00:14:38,810
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ Zero ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ
209
00:14:38,810 --> 00:14:42,850
ู„ุฏู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู…ุง
210
00:14:42,850 --> 00:14:47,850
ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ 12x-4x-12x ุนู„ู‰
211
00:14:47,850 --> 00:14:50,150
ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ูˆ ุจูˆุงุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุณูุฑ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ
212
00:14:50,150 --> 00:14:53,830
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูู‡ู†ูƒุณู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูุชุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ู…ู† ูู†ุช ู„ุฒูŠุฑู‡ ูˆ ู…ู†
213
00:14:53,830 --> 00:14:57,790
ุฒูŠุฑู‡ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุจูุญุซ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ููŠ
214
00:14:57,790 --> 00:15:02,390
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„
215
00:15:02,390 --> 00:15:06,810
ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡
216
00:15:06,810 --> 00:15:11,250
ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡
217
00:15:11,250 --> 00:15:16,390
ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„
218
00:15:16,390 --> 00:15:24,330
ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡
219
00:15:24,330 --> 00:15:25,030
ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„
220
00:15:25,030 --> 00:15:27,490
ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุชูุงู„ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง
221
00:15:27,490 --> 00:15:30,770
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุณูุฑ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ู‚ุจู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง
222
00:15:30,770 --> 00:15:33,290
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณูุฑ ููŠู‡ inflection point ูˆุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡
223
00:15:33,290 --> 00:15:35,330
inflection point ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ู‚ุทูŠู† inflection
224
00:15:35,330 --> 00:15:38,230
point ู„ุง ุชู†ุณูˆุด ุฃู† ุงู„ุณูุฑ ูˆุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ domain
225
00:15:38,230 --> 00:15:42,810
ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง inflection points ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ
226
00:15:42,810 --> 00:15:45,530
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ concave ุฃุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ
227
00:15:45,530 --> 00:15:47,930
ุงู„ penalty ุฅู„ู‰ zero ูˆู…ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุงู†ุง
228
00:15:47,930 --> 00:15:51,710
positive positive ูุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ
229
00:15:51,710 --> 00:15:52,730
concave down
230
00:15:56,130 --> 00:16:01,870
ู„ุฃุฎุต ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุณูุฑ
231
00:16:01,870 --> 00:16:07,510
ูˆุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆู† ุงู„ domain ุฃุฑุจุน
232
00:16:07,510 --> 00:16:10,750
ูุชุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†
233
00:16:10,750 --> 00:16:13,710
ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุงูŠุน ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ู„ุฎุต ููŠ
234
00:16:13,710 --> 00:16:17,130
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ุฏูŠ decreasing ูˆุชู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ
235
00:16:17,130 --> 00:16:20,490
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ decreasing ุชู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ
236
00:16:20,490 --> 00:16:26,130
decreasing ุชู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏู‡
237
00:16:26,130 --> 00:16:30,150
ุงู„ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ูˆูƒู… ูƒุงู ุฏู‡ ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู…ู„ุฎุต ู„ู„ุฌุฏูˆู„
238
00:16:30,150 --> 00:16:33,810
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุงุฏ
239
00:16:33,810 --> 00:16:36,110
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูู†ุญุทู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
240
00:16:36,110 --> 00:16:40,790
ูˆู†ุญุทู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ูƒ sketch ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ
241
00:16:40,790 --> 00:16:46,190
ู‡ุง ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑุณู… ุงู„ุญุงู†ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู†ู‚ุตูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‚ุนุฑ
242
00:16:46,190 --> 00:16:51,770
ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุชู†ู‚ุตูŠ ููŠ ุชู‚ุนุฑ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชู†ู‚ุตูŠ
243
00:16:51,770 --> 00:16:53,510
ูˆุชู‚ุนุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„
244
00:17:00,020 --> 00:17:08,580
ุชู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุนู„ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุชู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุนู„ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ
245
00:17:08,580 --> 00:17:15,260
ุชู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุนู„ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉุจุฏุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุขุฎุฑ
246
00:17:15,260 --> 00:17:20,900
ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุงู„ููŠุด
247
00:17:20,900 --> 00:17:23,940
ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃุณุงู…ุจู„ุช ู„ุง ููŠู‡ Oblique ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ Horizontal
248
00:17:23,940 --> 00:17:27,120
ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ Vertical ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ู… ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุฃุณุงู…ุจู„ุช
249
00:17:29,270 --> 00:17:36,070
ู†ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ 0 ูˆ 2 ูˆ 3
250
00:17:36,070 --> 00:17:40,510
ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุตุฏุงุช ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง ู…ู†
251
00:17:40,510 --> 00:17:44,010
ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ X ุจู€ 0 ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ Y ุจู€ 0 ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู…
252
00:17:44,010 --> 00:17:48,550
ุจู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ Y ุจู€ 0 ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญูˆุฑ
253
00:17:48,550 --> 00:17:51,990
ุงู„ู€ Y ุจู€ 0 ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ Y ุจู€ 0 ูˆ
254
00:17:51,990 --> 00:17:52,570
ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ Y ุจู€ 0 ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง ู…ู†
255
00:17:52,570 --> 00:17:54,390
ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ Y ุจู€ 0 ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ Y ุจู€ 0
256
00:17:54,390 --> 00:17:55,050
ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ Y ุจู€ 0 ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง
257
00:17:55,050 --> 00:17:59,430
ู…ู† ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ Y ุจู€ 0ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฑุณู… ุฃูŠ ู…ู„ุญู†ุฉ ุฏูŠ
258
00:17:59,430 --> 00:18:03,110
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ procedure
259
00:18:03,110 --> 00:18:06,050
ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ domain ูˆ ุฃูŠ
260
00:18:06,050 --> 00:18:08,650
ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ symmetry ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุญูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุญูˆู„ุฉ
261
00:18:08,650 --> 00:18:11,990
ุณูŠู†ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุตุฏุงุฑ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู†
262
00:18:11,990 --> 00:18:14,250
ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุงู„ critical points ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
263
00:18:14,250 --> 00:18:18,110
ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ reflection points ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
264
00:18:18,110 --> 00:18:21,950
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชุชู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจู†ุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ู…
265
00:18:21,950 --> 00:18:25,680
ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Local Extremum ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
266
00:18:25,680 --> 00:18:29,280
Maximum ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Minimum ุงุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€
267
00:18:29,280 --> 00:18:34,360
Critical Points ูˆุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุฒุงูŠุฏ ูˆุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ู†ุนู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ู„ุญุงู†ุฉ
268
00:18:34,360 --> 00:18:38,180
ู†ุฌุฏ ุงู„ู€ Point of Reflection ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
269
00:18:38,180 --> 00:18:42,410
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ asymptotes ูˆุงุฎุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุฑุตู‚
270
00:18:42,410 --> 00:18:45,390
ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุทู„ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ูุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุน
271
00:18:45,390 --> 00:18:48,910
ููŠ ุงู„ domain ูˆุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุชู‚ุงุฑู† ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ
272
00:18:48,910 --> 00:18:52,130
ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ ูˆูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ
273
00:18:52,130 --> 00:18:59,530
ูˆู†ูˆุตู„ ุจูŠู‡ุง ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ sketch
274
00:18:59,530 --> 00:19:03,350
the graph of f of x ุฒูŠ 1 ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ a 1 ุฒูŠ x
275
00:19:03,350 --> 00:19:06,550
ุชุฑุจูŠุนูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏุฏู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ R ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุจู€ Infinity
276
00:19:06,550 --> 00:19:10,350
ุฅู„ู‰ Infinity ู†ุฌู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
277
00:19:10,350 --> 00:19:13,570
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจู‡ุง ุนุฑููŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…
278
00:19:13,570 --> 00:19:15,610
ูˆู…ู‚ุงู… ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ bus ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ bus ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…
279
00:19:15,610 --> 00:19:18,930
ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุชุจุณูŠุท ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุงู„ุตูŠุฑ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุจุณุทู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
280
00:19:18,930 --> 00:19:22,870
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ูˆุจุณุทู†ุงู‡ุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฃู†ุช ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒู…
281
00:19:22,870 --> 00:19:27,350
ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุญุณุจู‡ุง ู„ุญุงู„ูƒ ูˆุชุจุณุทู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูู„ู†ุจุฏุฃ
282
00:19:27,350 --> 00:19:31,830
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
283
00:19:31,830 --> 00:19:35,910
ู„ู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„
284
00:19:35,910 --> 00:19:39,330
bus ูˆ ุงู„ bus ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
285
00:19:39,330 --> 00:19:41,730
ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ domain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุถุช ุฏู‡ ู„ูƒู„ R ุงุฐุง ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
286
00:19:41,730 --> 00:19:44,570
ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุญุงุฑุฌุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
287
00:19:44,570 --> 00:19:51,490
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ุซู„ุงุซ ูุชุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ู…ู†
288
00:19:51,490 --> 00:19:56,750
ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‡ุงุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
289
00:19:57,530 --> 00:20:01,210
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุญุงุฑุฌุฉ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุดูˆู ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
290
00:20:01,210 --> 00:20:03,930
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ูุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
291
00:20:03,930 --> 00:20:06,590
ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
292
00:20:06,590 --> 00:20:11,350
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ local minimum ูˆุนู†ุฏ
293
00:20:11,350 --> 00:20:15,810
ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ูุจูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ
294
00:20:15,810 --> 00:20:19,250
ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ local maximum ุฒูŠ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง derivative
295
00:20:19,250 --> 00:20:23,310
testูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช
296
00:20:23,310 --> 00:20:26,270
ู„ู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
297
00:20:26,270 --> 00:20:29,950
ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุญุณุจ ุงู„ bus ุงู„ bus ู‡ุฐุง
298
00:20:29,950 --> 00:20:33,070
ุจูŠุณูˆุก ุณูุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฅู† ูƒุงู† x ุชุฑุจูŠู‡
299
00:20:33,070 --> 00:20:36,670
ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูŠุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุณุงู„ู… ูˆ ุงู„ x ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
300
00:20:36,670 --> 00:20:39,770
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ููŠ
301
00:20:39,770 --> 00:20:42,370
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู†
302
00:20:42,370 --> 00:20:45,450
ุจุณ ูู‚ุท ู…ูˆุฌุจ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† x ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
303
00:20:45,450 --> 00:20:51,530
ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู†ุดูˆูู‡ุงู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ
304
00:20:51,530 --> 00:20:54,050
ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ F prime X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ
305
00:20:54,050 --> 00:20:58,190
ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
306
00:20:58,190 --> 00:21:01,950
ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠุฉ
307
00:21:01,950 --> 00:21:07,010
ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ูˆู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ X ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
308
00:21:07,010 --> 00:21:10,330
ู„ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ
309
00:21:10,330 --> 00:21:15,250
ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠุฉ ูุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ F
310
00:21:15,250 --> 00:21:19,830
of X ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ local minimum ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุง
311
00:21:19,830 --> 00:21:23,430
ุชุณูˆู‰ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ู„ู‡ุง local maximum ุนู†ุฏ
312
00:21:23,430 --> 00:21:26,450
ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆlimited sort ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชุณูˆู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
313
00:21:26,450 --> 00:21:29,170
ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุชุนูˆูŠุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุตู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
314
00:21:29,170 --> 00:21:36,870
ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุจุณู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„
315
00:21:36,870 --> 00:21:40,250
friction points ุงุญู†ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ุฑุฌุน
316
00:21:40,250 --> 00:21:44,950
ู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูุนุฑู‘ูุฉ ู„ุฃู†
317
00:21:44,950 --> 00:21:48,150
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจู…ุนุฑู‘ูู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ุชุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
318
00:21:48,150 --> 00:21:52,350
ุนู†ุฏ ุซู„ุงุซ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุชุณูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„
319
00:21:52,350 --> 00:21:55,450
X ุชุฑุจุน ุชุณูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ X ุชุณูˆูŠ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูˆ
320
00:21:55,450 --> 00:21:58,190
ุณุงู„ู ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
321
00:21:58,190 --> 00:22:01,910
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุชุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ูˆ ุณุงู„ู ุฌุฏุฑ
322
00:22:01,910 --> 00:22:09,780
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุฏู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉุฃุฑุจุน
323
00:22:09,780 --> 00:22:14,240
ูุชุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ู€finity ู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง
324
00:22:14,240 --> 00:22:17,960
ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนู† ู†ุฌูŠู‡ุง negative ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„
325
00:22:17,960 --> 00:22:24,480
ู…ู† 0 ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
326
00:22:24,480 --> 00:22:26,840
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ู„ุณูุฑ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
327
00:22:26,840 --> 00:22:31,320
positive ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุน ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู†
328
00:22:31,320 --> 00:22:34,520
ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† negative ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุน ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ููŠ
329
00:22:34,520 --> 00:22:37,080
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† positive ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
330
00:22:37,080 --> 00:22:41,840
ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุน ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฃุญู†ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ู‡ู„ูุฉ ุจุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ
331
00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:44,460
inflection points ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุชู„ุงุญุธ ูƒู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
332
00:22:44,460 --> 00:22:47,880
ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณูุฑ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุน ุงู„ุฑุฌุจ ู„ูˆ
333
00:22:47,880 --> 00:22:52,160
ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุจุงุฎุชู„ู ูˆุฅู† ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ูุชุฑุงุช ู…ู„ุฎุตุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง
334
00:22:52,760 --> 00:22:56,540
ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุนู‡ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุนู‡ ู„ุฃุณูู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุฃุณุงู…ุชูˆุณ
335
00:22:56,540 --> 00:22:59,920
ุงุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฏุงู„ุฉ ูƒุณุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ู…ู„ุงู‚ูˆุณ ู‡ูˆ
336
00:22:59,920 --> 00:23:10,380
ุงู„ุณูุฑ ูู…ุงุนุงู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ
337
00:23:10,380 --> 00:23:13,900
ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ
338
00:23:13,900 --> 00:23:15,760
ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ
339
00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:18,140
ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ
340
00:23:18,140 --> 00:23:19,000
ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ
341
00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:21,460
ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ
342
00:23:21,460 --> 00:23:27,160
ู‚ูˆู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุณ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุฑุฒูŠู†ุชุงู„ ุฃุณุงู…ุชุฑุฒ ู…ุงุนุฑูุด oblig
343
00:23:27,160 --> 00:23:29,100
ู„ุฃู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ bus ุชุณูˆู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…
344
00:23:37,250 --> 00:23:43,110
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ 4 ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุตูุฑ
345
00:23:43,110 --> 00:23:47,730
ูˆุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุฎู…ุณ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ุงุฎุฏ
346
00:23:47,730 --> 00:23:51,690
ู‚ูŠู…ู‡ู… ุฃูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุณูˆุฑุชู‡ ูˆุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุญุณุจู‡ุง
347
00:23:51,690 --> 00:23:55,950
ุณูˆุฑุชู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุญุณุจู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุฌุฏุฑ
348
00:23:55,950 --> 00:23:59,410
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู†ุงุฎุฏ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆู†ุฑุณู… plus ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุชู‚ุน
349
00:23:59,410 --> 00:24:04,800
ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู„ุญุธุฉ ุนู†ุฏ inflection points
350
00:24:04,800 --> 00:24:07,300
ุนู†ุฏ ุณูŠุฑู ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆููŠ inflection point ุนู†ุฏ ุฌุฏุฑ
351
00:24:07,300 --> 00:24:13,840
ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุญุณุจ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
352
00:24:13,840 --> 00:24:18,560
ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
353
00:24:18,560 --> 00:24:23,500
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุญุณุงุจุงุชู‡ ูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุงู„ุช
354
00:24:23,500 --> 00:24:27,810
ู„ูˆ ู‚ูุฒ ููŠ ุงูƒุณ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูƒุณ ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ 4 ุนู„ู‰ 2Xุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
355
00:24:27,810 --> 00:24:31,590
ู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ domain ู‡ุชุนุฑู ุงู† ูƒู„ R ู…ุนุฏู‰ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุฅุฐุง
356
00:24:31,590 --> 00:24:36,110
ุงู„ุตูุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ domain ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูƒุชุจ ู„ูƒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ููŠ
357
00:24:36,110 --> 00:24:39,310
ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง odd function ุนูˆุถู†ุง ุจุงู„ู€X ุจู€-X ูˆุฏูŠู†ุง ุณู„ุจ ุฃูˆูุฑ
358
00:24:39,310 --> 00:24:43,130
X ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€Odd ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€Odd ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุชู…ุงุณูƒุฉ ุญูˆู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
359
00:24:43,130 --> 00:24:49,390
ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ุชุจุณูŠุท ู…ู…ูƒู†
360
00:24:49,390 --> 00:24:52,890
ู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ bus ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุฑุฒู‚ุงู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุดุบู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู„ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ
361
00:24:52,890 --> 00:24:57,220
ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุชุทู„ุนxยฒ-4 ุนู„ู‰ 2xยฒ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ุง
362
00:24:57,220 --> 00:24:59,940
ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุฃู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ
363
00:24:59,940 --> 00:25:03,400
ุชุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุง xยฒ ุชุณูˆู‰ 4 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ 2 ูˆ ุณู„ุจ 2
364
00:25:03,400 --> 00:25:07,900
ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ 2 ูˆ ุณู„ุจ 2 ู‡ูŠ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุญุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ 4 ุนู„ู‰ xยฒ
365
00:25:07,900 --> 00:25:14,500
ูุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ 2 ูˆ ุณู„ุจ 2 ู„ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
366
00:25:14,500 --> 00:25:17,380
ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุณู„ุจ 2 ุจุฏูŠู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 0 ูุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุจ 2
367
00:25:17,380 --> 00:25:20,660
ููŠ local maximum ุนู†ุฏ 2 ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ู† 0
368
00:25:20,660 --> 00:25:24,760
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ local minimumูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู…ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ F ุณู„ุจ
369
00:25:24,760 --> 00:25:27,640
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุณู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆF ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุณู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
370
00:25:27,640 --> 00:25:32,760
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ domain ููŠ
371
00:25:32,760 --> 00:25:36,660
ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุทุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ infinity ู„ุณู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
372
00:25:36,660 --> 00:25:40,480
ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
373
00:25:40,480 --> 00:25:43,960
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชู„ุนุจ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู‚ุงู… ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูุญุณุจ
374
00:25:43,960 --> 00:25:46,480
ุงู„ุจุตุฏ ุงู„ุจุตุฏ ุชู„ุนุจ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† X ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
375
00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:49,560
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ X ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ
376
00:25:49,560 --> 00:25:54,930
ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุจุชูƒูˆู† X ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆ X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
377
00:25:54,930 --> 00:25:59,010
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู†
378
00:25:59,010 --> 00:26:01,030
ุณู„ุจ ุงู†ูู†ุชู‰ ู„ุณู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง
379
00:26:01,030 --> 00:26:04,710
ู†ู†ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุฒุงูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุฒูŠ
380
00:26:04,710 --> 00:26:08,470
ู…ุง ู…ูˆุถุญ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุงู† increasing ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ
381
00:26:08,470 --> 00:26:15,470
ุงู†ูู†ุชู‰ ู„ุณู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
382
00:26:15,470 --> 00:26:20,100
ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง
383
00:26:20,100 --> 00:26:25,020
ู†ู‚ูŠู„ ูููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู†
384
00:26:25,020 --> 00:26:27,300
ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณู†ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
385
00:26:27,300 --> 00:26:29,880
ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ domain ูุฌุณู…ู†ุง ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ
386
00:26:29,880 --> 00:26:33,220
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุณูุฑ ูˆู…ู† ุณูุฑ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุณุชูƒูˆู†
387
00:26:33,220 --> 00:26:37,760
ุงู„ุฏูŠุงู„ุฉ ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
388
00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:39,860
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุณูุฑ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
389
00:26:39,860 --> 00:26:43,660
ู‡ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ุณุงู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุณุงู„ุจ ูุณุชูƒูˆู†
390
00:26:43,660 --> 00:26:44,780
ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุณุงู„ุจุฉ
391
00:26:48,200 --> 00:26:53,480
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
392
00:26:53,480 --> 00:26:58,760
ู„ู„ู€inflation points ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ
393
00:26:58,760 --> 00:27:05,420
ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูู‚ุท ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ูุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุณูุฑ ุฃู…ุฏุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฃุณุงูุฑ
394
00:27:05,420 --> 00:27:09,780
ุงู„ domain ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุชู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนุฑู ุงู„ุชู‚ุนุฑุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
395
00:27:09,780 --> 00:27:12,580
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุชู‚ุงุน ุงู„ X ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† X
396
00:27:12,580 --> 00:27:15,760
ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0 ูู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† X ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† 0
397
00:27:15,760 --> 00:27:18,740
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ููŠ
398
00:27:18,740 --> 00:27:23,920
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูููŠ
399
00:27:23,920 --> 00:27:27,880
ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ุงู„ูู†ุช ู„ุฒูŠุฑู‡ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุงุนู‡ ู„ุฃุณูู„ ูุณูŠูƒูˆู†
400
00:27:27,880 --> 00:27:32,140
ุงู„ู…ู„ุญู‚ู†ุฉ ุฏู‡ ู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงุจ ุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู„ุจ ุงู„ูู†ุช
401
00:27:32,140 --> 00:27:36,380
ู„ุฒูŠุฑู‡ูˆ ุณู†ูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุทุงุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‡ูŠู‡ุง
402
00:27:36,380 --> 00:27:40,060
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Samples ู„ูˆ ุฃู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุงู„ุฉ
403
00:27:40,060 --> 00:27:43,280
ูƒุซุฑูŠุฉ rational function ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุฏู‡ rational
404
00:27:43,280 --> 00:27:45,920
function ู…ู† ุทู„ุนุฉ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุจุตุฏ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฏุฑุณ
405
00:27:45,920 --> 00:27:49,840
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ Obligue ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุทูˆู„ุฉ ูˆ
406
00:27:49,840 --> 00:27:52,820
ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจุตุฏ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง
407
00:27:52,820 --> 00:27:56,230
ุฃู†ุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุชุฌุนู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฃุณูุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…ูˆุงุถุญ
408
00:27:56,230 --> 00:28:00,030
ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู‚ุณู… ู‡ูŠู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Y ูŠุณูˆู‰ X ุนู„ู‰ 2
409
00:28:00,030 --> 00:28:05,930
ุฃุจู„ูŠุบ ุงู„ู€ Samples ูุนู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ Samples Y ุจูŠุณูˆู‰
410
00:28:05,930 --> 00:28:10,370
X ุนู„ู‰ 2 ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุจู„ูŠุบ ุงู„ู€ Samples ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€
411
00:28:10,370 --> 00:28:12,990
Vertical ู„ู…ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู…ู† X ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ู…ู†
412
00:28:12,990 --> 00:28:16,310
ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู†ุญุณุจู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ
413
00:28:16,310 --> 00:28:19,570
ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุณุงู„ุจ ู…ู† ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ X ุจูŠุณูˆู‰
414
00:28:19,570 --> 00:28:22,730
Zero ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Y Axis X ุจูŠุณูˆู‰ Zero ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Y
415
00:28:22,730 --> 00:28:25,520
Axis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ Vertical ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Samplesุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
416
00:28:25,520 --> 00:28:28,940
ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู…ุชุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠูƒุงู„ ุงุณู…ุชุดุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ step x
417
00:28:28,940 --> 00:28:32,940
ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุงู„ูˆ Y-axis ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Oblique ุงุณู…ุชุดุฑ
418
00:28:32,940 --> 00:28:39,480
ูŠุณู…ู‰ Y ุชุณุงูˆูŠ X ุนู„ู‰ 2ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ as centers ูˆ
419
00:28:39,480 --> 00:28:44,220
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุชู†ุณูˆุด ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุจ 2 ูˆ
420
00:28:44,220 --> 00:28:48,540
2 ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ local minimum ูˆ local maximum ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุจ 2
421
00:28:48,540 --> 00:28:52,360
ูˆ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุชู†ุณูˆุด ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุชู‚ุงุทุฉ ู…ุน
422
00:28:52,360 --> 00:29:01,600
ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุชู†ุณูˆุด
423
00:29:01,600 --> 00:29:09,220
ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุชู‚ุงุทุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ
424
00:29:09,220 --> 00:29:12,360
ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชู‚ุน ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ู†ู‡ู‰
425
00:29:12,360 --> 00:29:15,640
ูˆููŠ ุชู‚ุน ุฃุณูู„ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู†ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง Zero ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน
426
00:29:15,640 --> 00:29:21,020
ูŠุณู…ู‰ Y ุจุณุงูˆุฉ X ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุณู†ุฎุชุงุฑ ุณุคุงู„ ู…ู†
427
00:29:21,020 --> 00:29:26,060
ุณุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ู€ GUSP ุจูŠุทู„ุน
428
00:29:26,060 --> 00:29:29,900
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ 35Y ุจุณูˆุก X ุฃุณุทูˆู„ 2 ููŠ
429
00:29:29,900 --> 00:29:35,560
5 ุนู„ู‰ 2 ู†ู‚ุต X ุฃููˆูƒุณ ุจุณูˆุก X ุฃุณุทูˆู„ 2 ููŠ 5 ุนู„ู‰ 2 ู†ู‚ุต
430
00:29:35,560 --> 00:29:38,720
X ู†ุถุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุณูŠุฑุจ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุฃูˆู„
431
00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:43,340
ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏู…ูŠู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„ R ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡
432
00:29:43,340 --> 00:29:45,800
ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุจุณูŠุทุงุช ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจุงู„ุณูŠุฑุจ
433
00:29:45,800 --> 00:29:49,190
ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ 5 ุนู„ู‰ 3 ููŠ 1 ู†ู‚ุต X ุนู„ู‰ X ุฃุณุทูˆู„ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
434
00:29:49,190 --> 00:29:51,750
ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุตูุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุบูŠุฑ
435
00:29:51,750 --> 00:29:55,690
ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ูˆุงู„ domain ูƒู„ R ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
436
00:29:55,690 --> 00:29:58,190
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
437
00:29:58,190 --> 00:30:04,250
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
438
00:30:06,790 --> 00:30:10,630
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุชุนุชุจุฑ F prime ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
439
00:30:10,630 --> 00:30:14,670
negative ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠุฉ ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ
440
00:30:14,670 --> 00:30:17,810
ู†ุตู ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ positive ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ F prime ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ
441
00:30:17,810 --> 00:30:21,090
ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ุง
442
00:30:21,090 --> 00:30:26,370
ู†ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ F prime negative ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ
443
00:30:26,370 --> 00:30:29,150
ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ูุญุตู‡ ุจุงู„ุชุนูˆูŠุถ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ูุชุฑุฉ
444
00:30:29,150 --> 00:30:35,330
ุจู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุชุตุฑู ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
445
00:30:35,330 --> 00:30:40,920
ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุงุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุตูุฑ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุชู†ู‚ุตูŠุฉ ุซู… ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
446
00:30:40,920 --> 00:30:46,620
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฑ local minimum ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู†ู‚ุตูŠุฉ ุซู…
447
00:30:46,620 --> 00:30:53,960
ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุซู… ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุซู… ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุซู… ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุซู…
448
00:30:53,960 --> 00:31:01,210
ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุซู… ุชุฒุงูŠุฏูŠุฉู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
449
00:31:01,210 --> 00:31:04,430
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู†ุถุบุท ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
450
00:31:04,430 --> 00:31:08,390
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุณูˆู‰ 0 ุนู†ุฏู…ุง X ุชุณูˆู‰ ุณุงู„ุจ ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
451
00:31:08,390 --> 00:31:12,330
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ู†ูุญุต ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชู‚ุฉ
452
00:31:12,330 --> 00:31:15,470
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ุนูˆุถู‡
453
00:31:15,470 --> 00:31:18,960
ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุงุทุณูŠูƒูˆู† positive ูุณูŠูƒูˆู† concave up ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ
454
00:31:18,960 --> 00:31:22,320
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ู†ุต ู„ุณุงู„ุจ ู†ุต ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณุงู„ุจ ู†ุต ู„ุณูุฑ
455
00:31:22,320 --> 00:31:26,720
ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ ูุณูŠูƒูˆู† concave down ุงูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
456
00:31:26,720 --> 00:31:29,780
ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณูุฑ concave down ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ
457
00:31:29,780 --> 00:31:34,480
ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ู†ุต ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ inflection point ุชู‚ุนุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู†
458
00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:38,860
ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู„ุฃุณูู„ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฌุจู„ู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ ุชู‚ุนุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ ุชู‚ุนุฑ
459
00:31:38,860 --> 00:31:42,580
ุชู‚ุนุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูˆ ุชู‚ุนุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
460
00:31:42,580 --> 00:31:48,120
ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุงู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู†ูู„ุงูƒุดู† ุจูˆุงู† ุงูƒุณ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุณู„ุจ ู†ู‚ุต ุนู†ุฏูŠ
461
00:31:48,120 --> 00:31:50,720
ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู†ุทุงู ุงุชูู‚ุนูˆุง ุญูƒูˆุง
462
00:31:50,720 --> 00:31:52,820
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุณูู„ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุณูู„ ู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู†ุนู…ู„
463
00:31:52,820 --> 00:31:56,520
ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงู‚ุชุทููŠุฉ ุฑุงุณูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง
464
00:31:56,520 --> 00:32:00,340
ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ gasp ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ gasp
465
00:32:00,340 --> 00:32:06,080
ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ู‡ูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู…ู„ุฎุต ุฒูŠ
466
00:32:06,080 --> 00:32:09,840
ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏูˆู„
467
00:32:09,840 --> 00:32:12,240
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูŠ
468
00:32:16,300 --> 00:32:24,060
ุชู†ู‚ุต ู…ุน ุชู‚ุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุชู†ู‚ุต ู…ุน ุชู‚ุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„
469
00:32:24,060 --> 00:32:29,800
ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุชู†ู‚ุต ู…ุน ุชู‚ุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุชู†ู‚ุต ู…ุน
470
00:32:29,800 --> 00:32:31,520
ุชู‚ุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุชู†ู‚ุต ู…ุน ุชู‚ุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ููŠ
471
00:32:31,520 --> 00:32:37,210
ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุชู†ู‚ุต ู…ุน ุชู‚ุนู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
472
00:32:37,210 --> 00:32:41,030
ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
473
00:32:41,030 --> 00:32:45,330
- ู†ุต ูˆุงู„ุณูุฑ ูˆุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
474
00:32:45,330 --> 00:32:48,570
ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงู„ุณูุฑ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ูƒุฑุฑุฉ ูุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุชู„ุงุช ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
475
00:32:48,570 --> 00:32:53,630
ุงู„ู€- ู†ุต ูˆุงู„ุณูุฑ
476
00:32:56,580 --> 00:33:01,240
ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุตูุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡ ุชู„ุชุฉ ุน ุงุชู†ูŠู†
477
00:33:01,240 --> 00:33:05,360
ูˆุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ูˆู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ู„ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
478
00:33:05,360 --> 00:33:09,400
ู†ูุณู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰
479
00:33:09,400 --> 00:33:12,780
ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆ
480
00:33:12,780 --> 00:33:17,460
ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ู„ูˆ ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุชู‚ุงุท ู…ุน ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
481
00:33:17,460 --> 00:33:21,380
ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู†ุญุท ุงู„ Y ุจุตูุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ
482
00:33:21,380 --> 00:33:25,780
Y ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุงูˆุจู†ุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูˆุชุธู‡ุฑ
483
00:33:25,780 --> 00:33:30,440
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุนุฏุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆูˆุงุถุญ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡
484
00:33:30,440 --> 00:33:33,460
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูˆุงุฑูู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆูŠู† ููŠู‡ ูˆุงุทู„ุนุด ุนู†ุฏ
485
00:33:33,460 --> 00:33:38,000
ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ local maximum ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠูุฑ ููŠ
486
00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:41,140
local minimum ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ
487
00:33:41,140 --> 00:33:44,500
ุทุจุนุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงุจุฑุนูˆูƒู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู†ูƒู… ุชุญู„ูˆู‡ุง
488
00:33:44,500 --> 00:33:47,320
ู„ุญุงู„ูƒู… ุชุญุณุจูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงุชุทู„ุนูˆุง
489
00:33:47,320 --> 00:33:51,240
ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุญุงุฑุฌุฉ ูˆุงุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ูุชุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุงู‚ุตูุชุฑุงุช
490
00:33:51,240 --> 00:33:54,260
ููŠู‡ุง ุชู‚ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณูู„ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูุชุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
491
00:33:54,260 --> 00:33:57,660
ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุฅูŠุทุงู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ where ููŠู‡ local
492
00:33:57,660 --> 00:34:00,680
maximum ูˆ minimum ูˆ ุงุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ samples
493
00:34:00,680 --> 00:34:03,080
ูˆ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ samples ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ
494
00:34:03,080 --> 00:34:06,540
ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ samples ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
495
00:34:06,540 --> 00:34:09,560
ุชุญุทูˆุง ู†ู‚ุงุท ุจุนุถ ุฅูŠุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท
496
00:34:09,560 --> 00:34:14,200
ูˆ ุชุฑุณู…ูˆุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ููŠ
497
00:34:14,200 --> 00:34:16,860
ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
498
00:34:16,860 --> 00:34:18,160
ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡