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ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนุฑู ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง indication ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆูŠู†
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ pre-renal ู‡ู„ post-renal ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู†
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ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ kidney ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
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ratio ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
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ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุตู„ู‡ู…
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filtration ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ glomerulus ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง
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ุจูŠุตู„ู‡ุง reabsorption ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ tubules ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุจุชุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ reabsorption ู„
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ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ุชู‚ู„ ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู†
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ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ reabsorption remains the same ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ
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ูุนู„ูŠุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง minimal reabsorption ู„ู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู†
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ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู†
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ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ reabsorption ุซุงุจุช ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
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minimal reabsorption ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Reabsorption
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ู„ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง
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ุฃูˆู„ ratio ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุฒุงุฏุช ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
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ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ ratio ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 100 ุฅู„ู‰ 1 ุงู„ ratio ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู„ู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
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00:01:34,860 --> 00:01:38,960
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ pre-renal ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰
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ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู„ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ pre-renal ุจุชูƒูˆู†
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ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ blood pressure ูˆุงู„
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blood volume ูˆุฅุฐุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ blood volume ุฃูˆ ุงู„ blood
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pressure ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ dehydration ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
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reabsorption ู„ู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุจุชุฑุชูุน
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ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ Reabsorption ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู‡ู†ุง
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ุจุฃู† blood urea nitrogen reabsorption is increased
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ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ increase is disproportionately elevated
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relative to creatinine in serum ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
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ุงู„ creatinine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุซุงุจุช ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
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reabsorption ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ urea ูŠุจู‚ู‰ pre-renal dehydration
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or hypoperfusion is suspected ุทุจุนุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุฒุงุฏุช
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ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ concentration ู„ู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ููŠ
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ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุบูŠุฑู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ ratio ุงู„ุขู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
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40 ุฅู„ู‰ 100 ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ 1 ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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normal ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† post renal ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุง
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ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ kidney
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ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† 40 ุฅู„ู‰ 1 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
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00:03:19,510 --> 00:03:25,550
intrarenal ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
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00:03:25,550 --> 00:03:28,450
ูˆุฃุซุฑุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ reabsorption
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00:03:28,450 --> 00:03:33,560
ู„ู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Urea
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Reabsorption ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูŠุณุจุจ ููŠ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„
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ุงู„ absorption ู…ู† blood-urea-nitrogen ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุชู‚ู„ู„
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ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ blood-urea-nitrogen to creatinine ุทูŠุจ
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ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู case study ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
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00:04:00,350 --> 00:04:06,210
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง eighty-year-old woman was
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admitted with a diagnosis of hypertension
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congestive heart failure, anemia, possible
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diabetes and chronic renal failure ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง
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ุซู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุถุนู ููŠ
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00:04:22,670 --> 00:04:26,910
ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง anemia ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
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00:04:26,910 --> 00:04:33,670
diabetes ุณูƒุฑูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ูุดู„ ูƒู„ูˆูŠ ู…ุฒู…ู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
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ุฃุนุทูˆู‡ุง she was treated with diuretics ุชุนุทู‰ ุงู„
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00:04:37,070 --> 00:04:41,150
diuretics ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุจูˆู„ ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ
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00:04:41,150 --> 00:04:47,150
ุจุชู…ู†ุน ู…ู† ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุงุญ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„
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00:04:47,150 --> 00:04:51,810
kidney ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ blood volume ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„
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00:04:51,810 --> 00:04:54,530
ู…ู† ุงู„ blood pressure ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
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00:04:54,530 --> 00:04:57,570
hypertension ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ุทุจุนุง
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00:04:57,570 --> 00:05:01,510
ูˆูŠุนุทูˆู‡ุง intravenous fluids ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู†
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00:05:01,510 --> 00:05:08,380
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃูŠุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ they released her
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00:05:08,380 --> 00:05:14,020
ุทู„ุนุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูˆุฅูŠู‡ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง first
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00:05:14,020 --> 00:05:19,620
admission ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุฏุฎู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„
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00:05:19,620 --> 00:05:24,380
ุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ blood urea nitrogen ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง
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00:05:24,380 --> 00:05:29,620
ู„ .. ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู„ ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ratio glucose ูˆุฒูŠ
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00:05:29,620 --> 00:05:31,980
ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ blood urea nitrogen
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00:05:31,980 --> 00:05:37,160
58 ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู„ reference interval ู…ู† 7 ู„ 20
68
00:05:37,160 --> 00:05:41,260
ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† 6.2 ูˆุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
69
00:05:41,260 --> 00:05:45,720
ุงู„ upper limit 1.2 ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุงู„ uric acid
70
00:05:45,720 --> 00:05:54,820
ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฑุชูุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ reference interval ู…ู† 6 ูˆ
71
00:05:54,820 --> 00:06:00,650
ู†ุต ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง 7 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฑุชูุน
72
00:06:00,650 --> 00:06:04,970
ุงู„ uric acid ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ urea ู†ุงุชุฌ ู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† 9.4
73
00:06:04,970 --> 00:06:10,210
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ ratio ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„
74
00:06:10,210 --> 00:06:12,710
ratio ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง blood urea
75
00:06:12,710 --> 00:06:15,830
ู†ุงุชุฌ ู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ู…ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠุด ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
76
00:06:15,830 --> 00:06:19,530
ุจู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ ratio ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
77
00:06:19,530 --> 00:06:24,390
ratio ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ indication ุฃู†
78
00:06:24,390 --> 00:06:31,390
ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ
79
00:06:31,390 --> 00:06:37,930
86 ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ reference interval ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ู† 70
80
00:06:37,930 --> 00:06:43,090
ู„ 110 ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ fasting ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
81
00:06:43,090 --> 00:06:46,230
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
82
00:06:46,230 --> 00:06:50,050
ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู„
83
00:06:50,050 --> 00:06:53,110
ุงู„ analytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู‡ุง
84
00:06:53,110 --> 00:06:56,680
ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ
85
00:06:56,680 --> 00:07:00,380
ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช
86
00:07:00,380 --> 00:07:05,700
ู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฑุชูุนูŠู†
87
00:07:05,700 --> 00:07:09,660
ูˆู„ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃูŠุงู…
88
00:07:09,660 --> 00:07:13,240
ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุฑุชูุน ู„ุฃู† ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
89
00:07:13,240 --> 00:07:16,500
ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง chronic renal failure ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช
90
00:07:16,500 --> 00:07:21,260
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ ratio ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคูƒุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุจุฑุถู‡
91
00:07:21,260 --> 00:07:27,710
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒุงู† ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฎู…ุณ ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุฌูŠุช
92
00:07:27,710 --> 00:07:32,390
ุฏุฎู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
93
00:07:32,390 --> 00:07:37,530
bouts of dyspnea ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู†ูˆุจุงุช ู…ู† ุถูŠู‚ ุงู„ู†ูุณ
94
00:07:37,530 --> 00:07:42,550
she was placed on a special diet ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุธุงู…
95
00:07:42,550 --> 00:07:47,780
ุบุฐุงุก ู…ุนูŠู† ูˆูŠุนุทูˆู‡ุง ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„
96
00:07:47,780 --> 00:07:52,860
hypertension ูˆุทู„ุนุช ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ medical
97
00:07:52,860 --> 00:07:55,540
staff believed that she had not been taking her
98
00:07:55,540 --> 00:08:00,820
medication as prescribed ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุงู†ูŠู‡ุง
99
00:08:00,820 --> 00:08:04,080
ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู… ุดูƒูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูุนู„ูŠุง
100
00:08:04,080 --> 00:08:08,240
ุจุชุงุฎุฏุด ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุงู†ุชุธุงู… ูˆ she was counseled
101
00:08:08,240 --> 00:08:11,440
regarding the importance of regular doses ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ
102
00:08:11,440 --> 00:08:15,690
ูŠู‚ุนุฏูˆุง ู…ุนู‡ุง ูˆ ุดุฑุญูˆุง ู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
103
00:08:15,690 --> 00:08:20,130
ุจุงู†ุชุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุฏุฎู„ุช ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
104
00:08:20,130 --> 00:08:27,630
ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฑุชูุน ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ 100 ูˆ113 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุถุญูƒูŠู† ู‡ุงู† ุฅุฐุง
105
00:08:27,630 --> 00:08:31,330
ูƒุงู† fasting ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุด fasting ูŠูƒูˆู†
106
00:08:31,330 --> 00:08:33,850
ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ reference interval ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
107
00:08:33,850 --> 00:08:40,030
110 ูˆู„ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุช ุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ูุญูˆุตุงุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุทุจุนุง
108
00:08:40,030 --> 00:08:44,780
ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆู‡ุงู†
109
00:08:44,780 --> 00:08:50,160
ุงู„ู€ urea ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุนุดุฑุฉ
110
00:08:50,160 --> 00:08:56,280
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ case study what
111
00:08:56,280 --> 00:08:58,800
is the most probable cause of the patient's
112
00:08:58,800 --> 00:09:04,890
elevated urea nitrogen ูˆ which data support your
113
00:09:04,890 --> 00:09:09,330
conclusion ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุชู…
114
00:09:09,330 --> 00:09:13,290
ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุฅู†ุจูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
115
00:09:13,290 --> 00:09:17,490
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ analytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„
116
00:09:17,490 --> 00:09:21,970
ูƒู„ู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคูƒุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง a
117
00:09:21,970 --> 00:09:23,670
chronic renal failure
118
00:09:26,170 --> 00:09:30,690
ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจุชุฃูƒุฏ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ ratio
119
00:09:30,690 --> 00:09:34,110
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ blood urea nitrogen ู„ creatinine ratio
120
00:09:34,110 --> 00:09:39,350
ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
121
00:09:39,350 --> 00:09:42,490
congestive heart failure ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
122
00:09:42,490 --> 00:09:47,490
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฑูุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ analyze ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„
123
00:09:47,490 --> 00:09:53,770
kidney function ู„ูƒู† ุทุจุนุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ ู…ุน
124
00:09:53,770 --> 00:09:57,730
ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก
125
00:09:57,730 --> 00:10:03,370
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูŠุชุญุณู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ
126
00:10:03,370 --> 00:10:07,090
ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ analyze ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ
127
00:10:07,090 --> 00:10:11,210
ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ analyze ุงู†ุฎูุถุช ู„ูƒู† ุญุชู‰ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู…
128
00:10:11,210 --> 00:10:16,250
ุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุฏู„ุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ analytes ูƒู„ู‡ุง
129
00:10:16,250 --> 00:10:20,720
ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ note that this patient's
130
00:10:20,720 --> 00:10:24,820
admitting diagnosis is possible diabetes ุฅู†ู‡
131
00:10:24,820 --> 00:10:28,900
ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ููŠู‡ diabetes if the patient had truly been
132
00:10:28,900 --> 00:10:32,820
a diabetic with an elevated blood glucose and a
133
00:10:32,820 --> 00:10:35,920
positive acetone what effect would this have had
134
00:10:35,920 --> 00:10:41,920
on the measured values of creatinine ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡
135
00:10:41,920 --> 00:10:45,820
ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณูƒุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุชุจูŠู† ุฅู†ู‡
136
00:10:45,820 --> 00:10:52,800
ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุด ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูุฑุถุง ูุนู„ุง ุงู„ patient ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
137
00:10:52,800 --> 00:10:59,560
diabetes ูˆูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุฑุชูุน ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู†
138
00:10:59,560 --> 00:11:05,260
ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ูุนู„ูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู†ุŸ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
139
00:11:05,260 --> 00:11:08,960
ุงู„ ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ู‡ุง
140
00:11:08,960 --> 00:11:12,840
ู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ .. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ุงู„
141
00:11:12,840 --> 00:11:16,860
ููŠ Jaffe method ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ analyze ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ
142
00:11:16,860 --> 00:11:21,400
interference ู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช
143
00:11:21,400 --> 00:11:23,680
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ glucose ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ glucose
144
00:11:23,680 --> 00:11:28,940
ู…ุฑุชูุน falsely ุจูŠุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ creatinine concentration
145
00:11:28,940 --> 00:11:33,940
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณูƒุฑูŠ ูˆูƒุงู†
146
00:11:33,940 --> 00:11:38,340
ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ glucose ู…ุฑุชูุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูƒุงู†
147
00:11:38,340 --> 00:11:42,820
ู‡ูŠุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ concentration ู„ู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
148
00:11:42,820 --> 00:11:47,330
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุชุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ุชุจู‡ูŠู† ุฅู† ุฅุฐุง
149
00:11:47,330 --> 00:11:51,830
ูƒู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Jaffe method ูˆู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡
150
00:11:51,830 --> 00:11:56,610
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ
151
00:11:56,610 --> 00:12:00,530
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน
152
00:12:00,530 --> 00:12:04,290
ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ุจุณุจุจ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ุณูƒุฑุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
153
00:12:04,290 --> 00:12:08,290
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ glucose ุจูŠุนู…ู„ interference ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Jaffe
154
00:12:08,290 --> 00:12:12,630
reaction ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ false elevation ู„ู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู†
155
00:12:12,630 --> 00:12:16,150
ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ high glucose ุงู„ู€
156
00:12:16,150 --> 00:12:21,420
ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ
157
00:12:21,420 --> 00:12:27,600
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุงู„ู€
158
00:12:27,600 --> 00:12:30,680
glucose ูƒุงู† ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆุณุจุจ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
159
00:12:30,680 --> 00:12:34,720
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€ glucose ูƒุงู† ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฃู†
160
00:12:34,720 --> 00:12:38,700
ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุน ูƒุงู† ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆูƒุงู†
161
00:12:38,700 --> 00:12:43,160
ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุชู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€
162
00:12:43,160 --> 00:12:52,790
3 analytes ูƒู„ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ุทูŠุจ
163
00:12:52,790 --> 00:12:57,250
ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ non-protein nitrogen
164
00:12:57,250 --> 00:13:04,020
compounds ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ uric acid ูˆุงู„ู€ Uric Acid ู‡ูˆ ู†ุงุชุฌ
165
00:13:04,020 --> 00:13:10,760
ุนู† ุงู„ู€ break down ู„ู„ู€ DNA ูˆู‡ูˆ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
166
00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:15,560
break down ู„ู„ู€ Purine ููŠ ุงู„ู€ DNA ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
167
00:13:15,560 --> 00:13:22,440
adenosine ูˆุงู„ู€ guanine ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ break down ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ
168
00:13:22,440 --> 00:13:29,400
ุงู„ู€ synthesis ู„ู„ู€ Uric Acid ุจุชุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ
169
00:13:29,400 --> 00:13:33,080
ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูˆูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
170
00:13:33,080 --> 00:13:38,560
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ break down ู„ู„ู€ purines ูˆุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
171
00:13:38,560 --> 00:13:42,640
uric acid ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ mammals ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุงู„ุซุฏูŠูŠุงุช
172
00:13:42,640 --> 00:13:47,400
ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ uric acid
173
00:13:47,400 --> 00:13:51,340
ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชู… ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู€ uric acid ู„ู„ุงู†ุชูˆูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุนุฏ
174
00:13:51,340 --> 00:13:55,760
ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ uric acid ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ูƒู„ ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
175
00:13:55,760 --> 00:14:01,140
filtration ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ glomerulus ูˆูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€
176
00:14:01,140 --> 00:14:05,220
execution ู„ู„ู€ uric acid ุจูŠุชู… ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
177
00:14:05,220 --> 00:14:10,260
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 70% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ uric acid ุจูŠุตู„ ุงู„ู€ execution ุนู†
178
00:14:10,260 --> 00:14:13,360
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
179
00:14:13,360 --> 00:14:18,840
filtration ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง reabsorption ู„ู„ู€
180
00:14:18,840 --> 00:14:24,480
uric acid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 98% reabsorbed in proximal
181
00:14:24,480 --> 00:14:30,600
convoluted tubule ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูุฑูˆู† ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง some
182
00:14:30,600 --> 00:14:35,680
secreted by distal convoluted tubule ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
183
00:14:35,680 --> 00:14:40,160
ุงู„ู€ net amount ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ execution ุณุชุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
184
00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:44,000
ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ filtered amount ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
185
00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:49,300
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง filtration ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง reabsorption ูˆ
186
00:14:49,300 --> 00:14:57,410
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ secretion ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ 6 ุฅู„ู‰ 12% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
187
00:14:57,410 --> 00:15:02,210
filtered uric acid ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ execution ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ urine
188
00:15:02,210 --> 00:15:08,990
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ 6 ุฅู„ู‰ 12% ุจุชู…ุซู„ 70% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
189
00:15:08,990 --> 00:15:12,530
uric acid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ execution ุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุงู„ุทุฑู‚
190
00:15:12,530 --> 00:15:13,350
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
191
00:15:15,750 --> 00:15:19,790
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ
192
00:15:19,790 --> 00:15:23,130
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ execution ู„ู„ู€ Uric Acid ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ gesto
193
00:15:23,130 --> 00:15:28,310
-intestinal tract ุงู„ู€
194
00:15:28,310 --> 00:15:33,470
Uric Acid ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ mono-sodium
195
00:15:33,470 --> 00:15:37,490
-urate ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
196
00:15:37,490 --> 00:15:44,630
ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง BH relatively insoluble ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฐูˆุจุงู†
197
00:15:44,630 --> 00:15:50,250
ู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ pH ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
198
00:15:50,250 --> 00:15:58,130
ูŠุนู†ูŠ relatively insoluble ุฅุฐุง
199
00:15:58,130 --> 00:16:03,270
ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ concentration ู„ู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุฒุงุฏุช ุนู† 6.8
200
00:16:03,270 --> 00:16:09,590
ู…ู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ุฏูŠุณูŠู„ุชุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ saturation
201
00:16:09,590 --> 00:16:11,710
ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง
202
00:16:12,660 --> 00:16:17,280
ูŠุฌูŠ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ูˆุชุตูŠุฑ saturated ุจุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด
203
00:16:17,280 --> 00:16:21,520
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ saturation ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
204
00:16:21,520 --> 00:16:26,860
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ precipitation ู„ู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
205
00:16:26,860 --> 00:16:33,860
tissues ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ joints ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ูˆุงู„ู€
206
00:16:33,860 --> 00:16:39,520
precipitation ู„ู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€
207
00:16:39,520 --> 00:16:43,150
crystals ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ precipitation ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
208
00:16:43,150 --> 00:16:49,470
ุงู„ู€ value rate ู„ู„ู€ crystals ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจูŠุณุจุจ ู…ุดุงูƒู„
209
00:16:49,470 --> 00:16:53,210
ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ููŠ ุงู„ู€ slide ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ
210
00:16:53,210 --> 00:16:56,530
is measured to ู„ูŠุด ู…ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูˆุฅูŠุด ูุงุฆุฏุฉ
211
00:16:56,530 --> 00:16:59,710
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ ูุญุต ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ to assess inherited
212
00:16:59,710 --> 00:17:03,250
disorders of purine metabolism ู„ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„
213
00:17:03,250 --> 00:17:06,210
ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจู€ purine metabolism ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
214
00:17:06,210 --> 00:17:08,990
to confirm diagnosis and monitor treatment of gout
215
00:17:08,990 --> 00:17:12,710
ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
216
00:17:12,710 --> 00:17:16,960
to assess in the diagnosis of renal calculi ุฅุฐุง
217
00:17:16,960 --> 00:17:22,000
ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู„ู‚ูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุตูˆุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
218
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:27,160
ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ูุญุต ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ uric acid ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„
219
00:17:27,160 --> 00:17:30,720
ุชุฑุณูŠุจ ู„ู„ู€ uric acid ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุตูˆุงุช
220
00:17:30,720 --> 00:17:34,540
ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู„ุฅูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
221
00:17:34,540 --> 00:17:38,380
ุญุตูˆุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง to prevent uric acid
222
00:17:38,380 --> 00:17:42,840
nephropathy during chemotherapy treatment ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
223
00:17:42,840 --> 00:17:47,420
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
224
00:17:47,420 --> 00:17:53,820
ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู† ุงู„ุขู†
225
00:17:53,820 --> 00:17:58,280
ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุช ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
226
00:17:58,280 --> 00:18:02,960
ุงู„ู€ cancer cells ูˆู…ุงุฒุงู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ูˆุช ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ
227
00:18:02,960 --> 00:18:08,220
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ breakdown ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
228
00:18:08,220 --> 00:18:10,700
ุงู„ู€ purines ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช
229
00:18:10,700 --> 00:18:14,970
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Uric Acid ุจุฌู‡ุฉ ุฏูˆู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุฏู‡ู… ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ู€
230
00:18:14,970 --> 00:18:19,010
Uric Acid ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู†
231
00:18:19,010 --> 00:18:22,410
ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูุฑูˆุจุงุซูŠ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ relatively insoluble ูˆ
232
00:18:22,410 --> 00:18:25,550
ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุนุฏ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ concentration ุนู† 6.8 ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
233
00:18:25,550 --> 00:18:29,170
ูŠุชุฑุณุจ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุชุฑุณุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€
234
00:18:29,170 --> 00:18:34,650
kidney ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ kidney ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ูุฑูˆ
235
00:18:34,650 --> 00:18:38,230
ุจุงุซูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง to detect kidney dysfunction ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุทุจุนู‹ุง
236
00:18:38,230 --> 00:18:42,060
ุงู„ู€ Uric Acid ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตู„ู‡ุง filtration ุนู†
237
00:18:42,060 --> 00:18:45,360
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ glomerulus ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
238
00:18:45,360 --> 00:18:51,680
glomerulus ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุทุจุนู‹ุง
239
00:18:51,680 --> 00:18:54,840
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ uric acid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
240
00:18:54,840 --> 00:18:59,160
filtration ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ uric acid ููŠ
241
00:18:59,160 --> 00:18:59,640
ุงู„ุฏู…
242
00:19:02,230 --> 00:19:05,230
ุงู„ู€ diseases and correlations ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
243
00:19:05,230 --> 00:19:08,550
ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ uric acid ูˆุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€ uric acid ุงู„ู„ูŠ
244
00:19:08,550 --> 00:19:12,870
ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุฌูˆุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆูƒ primarily in ู…ู†
245
00:19:12,870 --> 00:19:18,270
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ูŠุตุงุจูˆุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ูˆุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
246
00:19:18,270 --> 00:19:22,330
ุจุนุฏ ุณู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู€ uric acid ุจูŠูƒูˆู† greater than
247
00:19:22,330 --> 00:19:25,250
six milligram per deciliter ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ uric
248
00:19:25,250 --> 00:19:29,110
acid ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุณุชุฉ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน
249
00:19:29,110 --> 00:19:32,410
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ precipitation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ tissues ูˆ
250
00:19:32,410 --> 00:19:36,490
precipitation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ joints ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุทุจุนู‹ุง
251
00:19:36,490 --> 00:19:41,270
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
252
00:19:41,270 --> 00:19:44,850
precipitation ู„ู„ู€ uric acid ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ crystals
253
00:19:45,650 --> 00:19:49,210
ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ู„ุฌูˆูŠู†ุช ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
254
00:19:49,210 --> 00:19:54,950
inflammation ูˆู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู„ู… ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุดุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
255
00:19:54,950 --> 00:20:00,650
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ู„ุฌูˆุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
256
00:20:00,650 --> 00:20:04,170
ููŠ ุฅุตุจุน ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงุฑุชูุน
257
00:20:04,170 --> 00:20:06,750
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ precipitation ู„ู„ูƒุฑูŠุณุชุงู„ ูˆู…ุน
258
00:20:06,750 --> 00:20:11,410
ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ inflammation ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ูˆ
259
00:20:11,410 --> 00:20:16,970
ุงุญู…ุฑุงุฑ ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู„ู… ุดุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุฅุตุจุน ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ
260
00:20:16,970 --> 00:20:20,650
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
261
00:20:20,650 --> 00:20:24,710
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุตุจุน ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ู„ุฃ
262
00:20:24,710 --> 00:20:28,730
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€
263
00:20:28,730 --> 00:20:32,510
precipitation ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ tissues ูˆู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ
264
00:20:32,510 --> 00:20:35,730
ุจุฑุถู‡ precipitation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ kidney ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
265
00:20:35,730 --> 00:20:39,070
renal calculi ุญุตูˆุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
266
00:20:39,070 --> 00:20:42,250
hyperuricemia due to overproduction of uric acid
267
00:20:42,250 --> 00:20:46,770
in 25% to 30% ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุณุจุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
268
00:20:46,770 --> 00:20:50,970
ู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ uric acid ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
269
00:20:50,970 --> 00:20:54,990
increase production ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง decrease
270
00:20:54,990 --> 00:21:00,540
execution ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง 25 ุฅู„ู‰ 30% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุณุจุจ
271
00:21:00,540 --> 00:21:05,680
ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู…
272
00:21:05,680 --> 00:21:11,340
ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุทุจุนู‹ุง
273
00:21:11,340 --> 00:21:16,000
ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุญูˆู… ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€
274
00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:20,180
organs ู„ู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงูƒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฒูŠ
275
00:21:20,180 --> 00:21:23,420
ุงู„ุณุฑุฏูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ purines ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
276
00:21:23,420 --> 00:21:25,600
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ purines
277
00:21:25,600 --> 00:21:31,580
ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ
278
00:21:31,580 --> 00:21:37,720
ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุจุนุถ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑูˆุงุช ุชู…ุงู…
279
00:21:37,720 --> 00:21:40,680
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ purines ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ
280
00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:45,440
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠุชุฌู†ุจ
281
00:21:45,440 --> 00:21:50,520
ุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง Purines ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ Increased
282
00:21:50,520 --> 00:21:53,820
catabolism ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„
283
00:21:53,820 --> 00:21:57,600
ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ catabolism occurs in
284
00:21:57,600 --> 00:22:00,180
patients on chemotherapy for diseases such as
285
00:22:00,180 --> 00:22:03,900
leukemia and multiple myeloma ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุนุทููˆุง
286
00:22:03,900 --> 00:22:07,060
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ chemotherapyุŒ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
287
00:22:07,060 --> 00:22:10,790
ุงู„ leukemia ุฃูˆ ุงู„ multiple myeloma ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
288
00:22:10,790 --> 00:22:13,710
ููŠู‡ู… ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ catabolism break down ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
289
00:22:13,710 --> 00:22:17,630
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุง ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ uric acid ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
290
00:22:17,630 --> 00:22:22,970
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ู‡ allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, an
291
00:22:22,970 --> 00:22:25,090
enzyme in the uric acid synthesis pathway
292
00:22:50,960 --> 00:22:54,640
ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ allopurinol ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
293
00:22:54,640 --> 00:22:59,280
inhibition ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…
294
00:22:59,280 --> 00:23:04,140
xanthine oxidase ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ
295
00:23:04,140 --> 00:23:08,700
ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ products ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ more soluble
296
00:23:08,700 --> 00:23:13,700
ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ more soluble ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู‚ูˆุฑู†ุช ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ
297
00:23:13,700 --> 00:23:18,480
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตู„ู‡ุง excretion ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ
298
00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:21,100
ุงู„ chronic renal disease ุฃูŠุถุง causes elevated
299
00:23:21,100 --> 00:23:24,860
levels of uric acid ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
300
00:23:24,860 --> 00:23:27,700
filtration ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ glomerular
301
00:23:27,700 --> 00:23:31,760
filtration rate ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ filtration
302
00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:37,770
ู„ู„ุฏู‘ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุฒุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง excretion ูˆ
303
00:23:37,770 --> 00:23:42,670
ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ hyperuricemia ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
304
00:23:42,670 --> 00:23:47,890
ูŠูƒูˆู† secondary to severe liver disease ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฃู†ุง
305
00:23:47,890 --> 00:23:51,070
ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ูˆูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ liver
306
00:23:51,070 --> 00:23:53,710
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ liver ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
307
00:23:53,710 --> 00:23:57,790
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ synthesis ู„ู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ defective
308
00:23:57,790 --> 00:24:01,590
renal tubular reabsorption ู„ุฃู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
309
00:24:01,590 --> 00:24:06,580
ู‚ู„ู†ุง 98% ู…ู† ุงู„ filtered ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุจูŠุตู„ู‡ re
310
00:24:06,580 --> 00:24:11,200
-absorption ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ tubular ุจู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
311
00:24:11,200 --> 00:24:15,140
ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ re-absorption ู„ู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ
312
00:24:15,140 --> 00:24:20,020
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ hypo-uricemia ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
313
00:24:20,020 --> 00:24:25,680
ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Fanconi's syndrome
314
00:24:25,680 --> 00:24:30,020
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ Fanconi's syndrome ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ proximal tubular
315
00:24:30,020 --> 00:24:33,540
function of the kidney is impaired ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
316
00:24:33,540 --> 00:24:38,940
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ tubular ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ .. ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
317
00:24:38,940 --> 00:24:41,460
ุงู„ู€ Bowman's capsule ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ .. ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
318
00:24:41,460 --> 00:24:45,240
ุงู„ glomerulus ููŠ ุจุฌู‡ุฉ ุฏู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู†ูุฑูˆู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ู†
319
00:24:45,240 --> 00:24:49,060
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ glomerulus ูˆ ุงู„ glomerulus ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
320
00:24:49,060 --> 00:24:52,540
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ filtration ู„ู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุงู„ููŠู„ุชุฑุงุช ุจู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰
321
00:24:52,540 --> 00:24:57,950
ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ Bowman's capsule ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ tubules
322
00:24:57,950 --> 00:25:03,230
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ูุฑูˆู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ glomerulus ุจู€ Bowman's
323
00:25:03,230 --> 00:25:08,430
capsule ูˆ ุงู„ tubules ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ
324
00:25:08,430 --> 00:25:15,590
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฏุงู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ู†ูุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุขู†
325
00:25:15,590 --> 00:25:18,370
ููŠ ุงู„ Fanconi Syndrome ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
326
00:25:18,370 --> 00:25:22,530
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ tubules ุงู„ proximal convoluted tubule
327
00:25:22,530 --> 00:25:26,250
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
328
00:25:26,250 --> 00:25:33,230
reabsorption ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
329
00:25:33,230 --> 00:25:36,870
uric acid ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ chemotherapy with 6
330
00:25:36,870 --> 00:25:43,630
-mercaptopurine or azathioprine inhibits purine
331
00:25:43,630 --> 00:25:47,770
synthesis ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง inhibition ู„ุฃ ู„ู€ purine
332
00:25:47,770 --> 00:25:53,020
synthesis ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Uric Acid
333
00:25:53,020 --> 00:25:57,140
Synthesis ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Over Treatment with Allopurinol
334
00:25:57,140 --> 00:26:00,460
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Allopurinol ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Inhibition
335
00:26:00,460 --> 00:26:05,980
ู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู€ Xanthine Oxidase ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู†
336
00:26:05,980 --> 00:26:09,640
ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ Uric Acid ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Over Treatment with
337
00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:12,860
Allopurinol ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ Hypo Uricemia
338
00:26:12,860 --> 00:26:16,320
ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู€ Uric AcidุŸ ุงู„ู€ Primary Method Uses
339
00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:20,700
Enzyme Uricase To Convert Uric Acid To Allantoin
340
00:26:22,000 --> 00:26:27,000
ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ู€ uric acid ุจุชุญูˆู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ uricase ุฅู„ู‰
341
00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:32,720
ุงู„ู€ allantoin ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ
342
00:26:32,720 --> 00:26:38,740
ุฅู†ู‡ุง differential absorption at 293 nanometer
343
00:26:38,740 --> 00:26:43,400
ุงู„ู€ uric acid has UV absorbance peak at 293 nanometer
344
00:26:43,400 --> 00:26:49,770
ูˆุฅู† ุงู„ู€ allantoin ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ู€ uric acid ุงู„ูˆ ู‡ูˆ maximum
345
00:26:49,770 --> 00:26:55,490
absorbance ุนู„ู‰ 293 ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ Allantoin ู…ู„ู‡ูˆุด ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
346
00:26:55,490 --> 00:27:02,370
ุงู„ decrease ููŠ ุงู„ absorbance ุนู„ู‰ 293 ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
347
00:27:02,370 --> 00:27:06,970
ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ indication ุนู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ uric acid ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
348
00:27:06,970 --> 00:27:11,080
ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูŠุชู… ุชุญู…ูŠู„ู‡ุง
349
00:27:11,080 --> 00:27:15,600
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูˆุฅุฐุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ูˆุฅู†ู†ุง ุงู„ maximum
350
00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:21,280
absorbance ุนู„ู‰ 280 ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ู†ุน ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ 293
351
00:27:21,280 --> 00:27:25,400
ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง absorbance ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ููŠ
352
00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:29,440
ุนู†ุง ุทุฑู‚ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ in other methods ู‚ุจู„ your case with
353
00:27:29,440 --> 00:27:32,760
catalase peroxidase action on hydrogen peroxide
354
00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:36,760
product from allantoin ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
355
00:27:36,760 --> 00:27:39,900
ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ uricase ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ allantoin
356
00:27:39,900 --> 00:27:44,880
ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃุด ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ู‡ู† ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ H2O2 ุจูŠุณุชุบู„ูˆุง ุงู„ H2O2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ
357
00:27:44,880 --> 00:27:50,340
ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู‡ุงู†ูˆ ู…ุน indicator dye ูˆ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ peroxidase
358
00:27:50,340 --> 00:27:54,340
ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ colored compound ูˆ ุงู„ colored compound ุทุจุนุง
359
00:27:54,340 --> 00:27:58,500
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ spectrophotometer
360
00:27:58,500 --> 00:28:01,480
ุงู„ reaction ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ reaction ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
361
00:28:01,480 --> 00:28:05,680
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ catalase ูŠู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„
362
00:28:05,680 --> 00:28:09,160
H2O2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุชุฌุช ุจุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„
363
00:28:09,160 --> 00:28:14,640
ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ุงู„ catalase ูˆ ู†ุชุฌ ุจู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
364
00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:18,240
ู‡ูˆ colored product ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡
365
00:28:18,240 --> 00:28:22,340
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ spectrophotometer ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง
366
00:28:22,340 --> 00:28:27,720
nanoprotein nitrogen compound ุขุฎุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ammonia ูˆ ุงู„
367
00:28:27,720 --> 00:28:31,780
ammonia ุทุจุนุง ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ deamination ู„ ุงู„ amino
368
00:28:31,780 --> 00:28:36,560
acids ูˆ ุงู„ surplus of amino acids ุงู„ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุนู† ุญุงุฌุฉ
369
00:28:36,560 --> 00:28:40,080
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุณู„ูˆ ุฏูŠ amination ูˆ ุจูŠุชู… ู†ุฒุน
370
00:28:40,080 --> 00:28:42,820
ูˆ ุงู„ amino group ูˆ ุงู„ amino group ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰
371
00:28:42,820 --> 00:28:46,260
ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุฃูŠุถุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุจุชู… ุฅู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
372
00:28:46,260 --> 00:28:52,580
ุงู„ bacterial enzymes ููŠ ุงู„ intestine ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง
373
00:28:52,580 --> 00:28:57,600
ุฃูŠุถุง released from muscle during exercise ูŠุจู‚ู‰
374
00:28:57,600 --> 00:29:04,760
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
375
00:29:04,760 --> 00:29:10,320
ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจุชุตู„ ุงู„ hepatocytes ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู†ุดูŠู…ุงู„
376
00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:14,380
of the liver ูˆ ุจุชุชู… ุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ urea cycle
377
00:29:14,380 --> 00:29:21,460
ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุทุจุนุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ ammonia toxic ูˆ
378
00:29:21,460 --> 00:29:25,320
ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ุทุจุนุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ less toxic
379
00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:29,680
compound ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ู†ุน ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ ammonia ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจ
380
00:29:29,680 --> 00:29:35,800
concentration ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง a disease
381
00:29:35,800 --> 00:29:39,200
correlation severe liver disease most common cause
382
00:29:39,200 --> 00:29:43,580
of abnormal ammonia levels ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
383
00:29:43,580 --> 00:29:46,620
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„
384
00:29:46,620 --> 00:29:51,180
liver ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ liver ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุฃู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
385
00:29:51,180 --> 00:29:53,620
ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
386
00:29:53,620 --> 00:29:58,920
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ammonia is not removed from
387
00:29:58,920 --> 00:30:04,020
circulation and not converted to urea elevated
388
00:30:04,020 --> 00:30:06,460
ammonia levels are neurotoxic and are often
389
00:30:06,460 --> 00:30:10,720
associated with encephalopathy ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจ
390
00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:15,660
ูˆุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุฅุฐุง ุงุฑุชูุนุช ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง
391
00:30:15,660 --> 00:30:20,780
ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ammonia ุฃูŠุถุง ุชุฑุชูุน ููŠ ุงู„ Reye's syndrome
392
00:30:20,780 --> 00:30:25,300
most commonly seen in children ูˆ ุงู„ Reye's syndrome
393
00:30:25,300 --> 00:30:28,340
often preceded by viral infection treated with
394
00:30:28,340 --> 00:30:32,630
aspirin ุจูŠุฃุฐูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠุตุงุจ ุจู€ Viral Infection ูˆุจูŠุนุทู‰
395
00:30:32,630 --> 00:30:36,670
ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Aspirin ูˆุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ Aspirin ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
396
00:30:36,670 --> 00:30:41,370
ุฅู„ู‰ Fatty Infiltration of Liver ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุฑุงูƒู…
397
00:30:41,370 --> 00:30:46,670
ู„ู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ liver ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
398
00:30:46,670 --> 00:30:50,530
ุงู„ liver ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
399
00:30:50,530 --> 00:30:55,850
ammonia ุฅู„ู‰ urea ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
400
00:30:55,850 --> 00:31:01,210
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ู„ุงู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆุฅู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู‡ุฐุง
401
00:31:01,210 --> 00:31:05,430
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† very high ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† fatal
402
00:31:05,430 --> 00:31:10,270
ูุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Reye's Syndrome ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฅู†ู‡
403
00:31:10,270 --> 00:31:14,770
ูŠุชู… ูŠุชู… ู…ุชุงุจุนุชู‡ู… ูˆูŠุชู… ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ concentration
404
00:31:14,770 --> 00:31:18,890
ู„ู„ุงู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
405
00:31:18,890 --> 00:31:24,880
ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุชู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ Ammonia below
406
00:31:24,880 --> 00:31:28,240
five times normal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ concentration
407
00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:33,960
ู„ู„ุงู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃุถุนุงู ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
408
00:31:33,960 --> 00:31:38,300
ู‡ู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ hundred percent survival ู„ู‡ุฏูˆู„
409
00:31:38,300 --> 00:31:41,160
ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ammonia ุฃูŠุถุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ diagnosis of
410
00:31:41,160 --> 00:31:44,770
inherited deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes ู„ุฃู†
411
00:31:44,770 --> 00:31:47,310
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Urea Cycle EnzymesุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
412
00:31:47,310 --> 00:31:52,630
ุฃูŠุถุง ุณูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู€
413
00:31:52,630 --> 00:31:55,550
Measurement of Ammonia used to diagnose and
414
00:31:55,550 --> 00:31:59,270
monitor the treatment ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Analytic
415
00:31:59,270 --> 00:32:02,450
MethodsุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡
416
00:32:02,450 --> 00:32:07,570
ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ concentration ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
417
00:32:07,570 --> 00:32:12,350
ุฅู†ู‡ volatile, unstable, easy contamination ูˆุฃูŠุถุง
418
00:32:12,350 --> 00:32:16,590
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต ู„ู„ุงู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุตุนุจุฉ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช
419
00:32:16,590 --> 00:32:19,570
ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ historical method Conway
420
00:32:19,570 --> 00:32:21,830
to volatilize
421
00:32:22,780 --> 00:32:27,100
ุนูŠู†ุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุชุจุฎูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฃู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃุณู„ุชู‡ุง
422
00:32:27,100 --> 00:32:31,780
absorption ูˆุฃุณู„ุชู‡ุง titration ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
423
00:32:31,780 --> 00:32:37,100
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ุงุช ุฏูŠู‡ุงูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฒ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
424
00:32:37,100 --> 00:32:41,680
ุงู„ู€ ion selective electrode ูˆุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
425
00:32:41,680 --> 00:32:45,800
change in pH solution as ammonia diffuses through
426
00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:51,310
semi permeable membraneุงู„ู€ Reference Interval ู…ู†
427
00:32:51,310 --> 00:32:56,470
ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุชูŠู† ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุฌุฑุงู… per dL ู„ุชุฑ ุจูŠู‡ุฏุฆ
428
00:32:56,470 --> 00:33:00,700
ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ion selective
429
00:33:00,700 --> 00:33:03,560
electrode ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
430
00:33:03,560 --> 00:33:08,500
spectrophotometer ุฃูˆ enzymatic method ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ุทุจุนุง
431
00:33:08,500 --> 00:33:13,140
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ spectrophotometer ุทูŠุจ ู†ุดูˆู
432
00:33:13,140 --> 00:33:16,840
case study ุฃุฎุฑู‰ a three-year-old girl was admitted
433
00:33:16,840 --> 00:33:21,040
with a diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Her
434
00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:23,500
admitting laboratory data are shown in case study
435
00:33:24,160 --> 00:33:29,480
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูุชุงุฉ ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุณุฑุทุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
436
00:33:29,480 --> 00:33:31,520
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ acute lymphocytic leukemia ุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ู‰
437
00:33:31,520 --> 00:33:35,600
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูˆafter admission she was treated with
438
00:33:35,600 --> 00:33:39,700
packed cells, two units of platelets, intravenous
439
00:33:39,700 --> 00:33:44,460
fluids and allopurinol ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ุง platelets
440
00:33:44,460 --> 00:33:50,600
ุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ุง ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ุงุฌ
441
00:33:50,600 --> 00:33:53,940
Allopurinol ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ
442
00:33:53,940 --> 00:33:57,940
On the second day chemotherapy was begun ูŠุจุฏูˆ ููŠ
443
00:33:57,940 --> 00:34:02,180
ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ูˆุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
444
00:34:02,180 --> 00:34:06,900
ุนู„ุงุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ููŠู†ูƒุฑูŠุณุชูŠู† ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู€
445
00:34:06,900 --> 00:34:10,780
Intrathecal Injection of Methotrexate ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ
446
00:34:10,780 --> 00:34:16,120
ู„ู„ุจุฑูŠุฏู†ูŠุณูˆู† ูˆุฃูŠุถุง Cytosine Arabinoside ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
447
00:34:16,120 --> 00:34:19,660
she was discharged for home care five days later
448
00:34:19,660 --> 00:34:24,860
ูˆูƒู…ู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฏู†ูŠุณูˆู† ูˆู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ Pyranol ุจุนุฏ
449
00:34:24,860 --> 00:34:27,140
ู‡ูŠูƒ she received additional chemotherapy ุฃุฎุฏุช
450
00:34:27,140 --> 00:34:34,830
ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุดู‡ุฑ ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ 14-11 ูˆููŠ ุณุชุฉ
451
00:34:34,830 --> 00:34:39,530
ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุฏุฎู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ because she had painful sores
452
00:34:39,530 --> 00:34:45,190
in her mouth ูˆูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฑุญุงุช ุจุงู„ูู… ูˆู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช
453
00:34:45,190 --> 00:34:50,900
ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุฃูƒู„ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฃู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
454
00:34:50,900 --> 00:34:54,960
ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† 12 ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† 0.7
455
00:34:54,960 --> 00:34:58,880
ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูƒุงู† 12 ุงู„ู€ white blood cells
456
00:34:58,880 --> 00:35:04,420
ุทุจุนุง ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ 56300 ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆ
457
00:35:04,420 --> 00:35:07,820
ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ู…ุด ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน
458
00:35:07,820 --> 00:35:11,800
ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ white
459
00:35:11,800 --> 00:35:17,200
blood cells ูˆุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ mode ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
460
00:35:17,200 --> 00:35:21,320
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง breakdown ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ purines ูˆ
461
00:35:21,320 --> 00:35:24,580
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ
462
00:35:24,580 --> 00:35:28,380
ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูƒุงู† 12 ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุฏูˆุง ุญุชู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุนุทูˆุง
463
00:35:28,380 --> 00:35:32,520
ุงู„ู€ chemotherapy ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุฏูˆุง ุจูŠุนุทูˆุง allopurinol ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡
464
00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:36,560
ุงู„ุทูู„ุฉ ุฅูŠู‚ุงุธู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูˆ
465
00:35:36,560 --> 00:35:40,640
ูุนู„ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆุตู„
466
00:35:40,640 --> 00:35:45,180
ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ู„ู€ 4 ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฑุฌุนูˆุง ูุญุตูˆุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง
467
00:35:45,180 --> 00:35:50,340
ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ
468
00:35:50,340 --> 00:35:56,510
ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู„ุณู‡
469
00:35:56,510 --> 00:35:59,830
ูŠุนู†ูŠ within reference interval ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุทุจุนุง
470
00:35:59,830 --> 00:36:02,770
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุฎูุถ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู€ white blood cells ุจุฑุถู‡
471
00:36:02,770 --> 00:36:08,270
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุฎูุถุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
472
00:36:08,270 --> 00:36:12,960
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงุฌุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุชุงุฎุฏ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง
473
00:36:12,960 --> 00:36:18,560
ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฅู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง 4 ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† 0.7 ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ
474
00:36:18,560 --> 00:36:24,720
ู†ูˆู…ุจูŠุช 0.3 ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ white blood cells 2800 ุชู…ุงู…
475
00:36:24,720 --> 00:36:28,900
ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุงุฌุช ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ู„ุฃู†
476
00:36:28,900 --> 00:36:37,130
ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฑุญุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ูู… ุทุจุนุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุฅู† ุฅู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
477
00:36:37,130 --> 00:36:41,430
ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ 2 ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ white
478
00:36:41,430 --> 00:36:47,450
blood cells ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด
479
00:36:47,450 --> 00:36:52,270
ุณุจุจ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€ uric acid ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ how
480
00:36:52,270 --> 00:36:54,490
would you explain the significant elevations of
481
00:36:54,490 --> 00:36:58,370
uric acid on admission ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
482
00:36:58,370 --> 00:37:01,780
ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ white blood cells ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ breakdown
483
00:37:01,780 --> 00:37:07,700
ู„ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ white blood cells ูˆุทุจุนุง breakdown
484
00:37:07,700 --> 00:37:10,000
ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ white blood cells ุงู„ู€ white blood cells ูŠุจู‚ู‰
485
00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:13,160
ุนู†ุฏูŠ breakdown ุฃูŠุถุง ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ nucleus ูˆู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ DNA ูˆู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
486
00:37:13,160 --> 00:37:19,150
purines ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุฑูุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ uric acid ูŠุนู†ูŠ
487
00:37:19,150 --> 00:37:22,450
ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงุด ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
488
00:37:22,450 --> 00:37:25,110
ุงู„ู€ kidney ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ uric acid ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆุงู„ู€ uric
489
00:37:25,110 --> 00:37:28,730
acid ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†.. ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ kidney function tests
490
00:37:28,730 --> 00:37:32,690
ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงุด ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ kidney ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุถุญ
491
00:37:32,690 --> 00:37:36,650
ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง.. ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ uric acid ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุน ู„ูƒู†
492
00:37:36,650 --> 00:37:43,000
ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู€ urea ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
493
00:37:43,000 --> 00:37:46,020
ุทุจูŠุนูŠูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุงู†
494
00:37:46,020 --> 00:37:49,360
ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู†
495
00:37:49,360 --> 00:37:53,060
ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ู„ูƒู†
496
00:37:53,060 --> 00:37:57,860
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูู‚ุท ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุน
497
00:37:57,860 --> 00:38:00,480
ุทูŠุจ what two factors are responsible for the
498
00:38:00,480 --> 00:38:03,480
normal levels of uric acid seen in subsequent
499
00:38:03,480 --> 00:38:07,360
admissionsุŸ ู„ูŠุด ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ
500
00:38:07,360 --> 00:38:12,360
ุฃุณูŠุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉุŸ ุทุจุนุง ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู€ chemotherapy ู†ุฒู„ ุนุฏุฏ
501
00:38:12,360 --> 00:38:16,060
ุงู„ู€ blood cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู€
502
00:38:16,060 --> 00:38:21,960
patient ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ allopurinol ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุฅุนุทุงุก
503
00:38:21,960 --> 00:38:24,980
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ allopurinol ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ patient what is the most
504
00:38:24,980 --> 00:38:27,380
likely cause of abnormally low level of urea
505
00:38:27,380 --> 00:38:31,920
nitrogen observed on 6th of DecemberุŸ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
506
00:38:31,920 --> 00:38:36,020
ู„ุงุญุธุชูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุฏุฎู„ุช ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ urea
507
00:38:36,020 --> 00:38:42,760
ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทูู„
508
00:38:42,760 --> 00:38:47,140
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชู‚ุฑุญุงุช ุจุงู„ูู… ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุณุจุจ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
509
00:38:47,140 --> 00:38:53,500
ุชู‚ุฑุญุงุช ุจุงู„ูู… ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุฃูƒู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง
510
00:38:53,500 --> 00:38:58,040
ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุงู„ุบุฐุงุก
511
00:38:58,040 --> 00:39:02,520
ุจุณุจุจ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุญุชู†ุฎูุถ
512
00:39:02,520 --> 00:39:07,070
determination of total serum protein and
513
00:39:07,070 --> 00:39:10,410
albumin would be helpful ูŠู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู€ total
514
00:39:10,410 --> 00:39:14,470
protein ูˆุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ total
515
00:39:14,470 --> 00:39:21,350
protein ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€
516
00:39:21,350 --> 00:39:25,410
non-protein nitrogen compounds ูˆูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ