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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
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ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน
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ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ brain stem physiology
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of the brain stem anatomy and physiology and
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internal structures of the medulla oblongata ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
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ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† anatomy and physiology of
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the palms and midbrainุงู„ู€ Pons is the middle part
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of the brain stem which is located between the
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medulla oblongata and midbrain Pons
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extends from the medulla oblongata below ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„
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Pons ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ medulla oblongata to midbrain
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above ูˆุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ Pons ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ midbrainand located
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in front of the cerebellum and fourth ventricle
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ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ fourth ventricle ูˆ ุงู„ cerebellum
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ู‡ูŠุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญ Pons ู‡ุฐุง
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ุงู„ Pons ุฌุณุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† Medulla ูˆ Oblongata
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ูˆ midbrain ุจูŠุญุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ midbrain ู…ู† ุฃุณูู„ ู…ูŠุถู„ู‚
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ุจู„ู†ุฌุงุชู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู fourth ventricle ูˆ cerebellum
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fourth ventricle and cerebellum ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ locations ูˆ
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ุงู„ extensions ุจุชุงุนุฉ pons external
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features of the pons ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ external
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features of the ponsthe anterior cervix of the
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pons ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ anterior cervix Basilary groove
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ููŠ ุงู„ Basilary groove ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Basilar artery
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ุงุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู„ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ cranial
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nerves ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ cerebral
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hemisphere ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ middle brain
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ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ ponsูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ู… ูŠุธู„
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ุฃุจู„ุงู†ุฌุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ exceptions ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ุนุตุจ
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ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ูŠุฌุงู† ููŠ ุงู†ุง Basilary groove ุจูŠู…ูˆุฑ ููŠู‡
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Basilary artery ูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„
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Pons ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ Pons ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุจ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุฌูŠ
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ู…ู† ุงู„ nerve abdocent nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ facial
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nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ูˆ vestibulocochlear nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ
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ุงู„ุซุงู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ Ponsู‡ูŠ
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ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ anterior service ูˆ anterolateral
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service of the pons ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง basilary groove
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ู‡ู… ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง basilar artery ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„
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anterolateral service ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ nerve
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ุงู„ู€ trigeminal nerve ู„ู‡ large root sensory and
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small root motorุŒ abducent nerve ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ pons
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ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ูŠู† ุฌุงุชู‡ุงุŒ facial nerve ู„ู‡ two
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root large root motor and small root sensory and
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parasympathetic ูˆ vestibulocochlear nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ
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ุฅูŠุดุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุซุงู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ external features of the
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anterolateral surface of the palms ูˆุนุถุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
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trigeminal nerveabdominal nerve, fascial nerve and
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vestibular cochlear nerve ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Basilar
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groove ุงูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง groove of the basilar artery
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง Basilar artery ุงู„ุขู† ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
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posterior service of the pons posterior service of
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the pons ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† posterior service of the
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pons ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง median longitudinal sulcusู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
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ุงู„ middle line ููŠ a medial imminance ููŠ facial
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calculus ูˆููŠ vestibular trigon vestibular trigon
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facial calculus ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง facial nucleus ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
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posterior service of the pons ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู†
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posterior median ูุดุงุฑูˆุงุถุญ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Facial
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Calculus ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Medial Eminence ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ
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ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Vestibular ุงู„ู€ Trigon ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
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ุจุณุชูŠุฑูˆ ุงู„ู€ Service of the Pons ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ ููŠ
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ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูƒู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง
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ููŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุณุชูŠุฑ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุงู†ูุดุงุฑููŠ ุดุงู„ูƒุงู„ูŠูƒูˆู„ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„
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ุงู…ูŠู†ุงู†ุณ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชูƒู…ู„ุฉ vestibular trigon ู„ุฃู†ู‡
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ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ููŠ ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงู†ุฌุงุชุง ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ููŠ ุงู„ pons ูƒู…ุงู†
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ุฅุถุงููŠ ู„ู„ slide ููŠ ุงู„ posterior surface of the pons
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ููŠ vestibular a trigon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„
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vestibular nuclei of the vestibular nerveุงู„ุงู†
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ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ internal structures of the pons ู„ู…ุง
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ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ external .. ุงู„ internal structure of
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the pons ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูƒู„ูŠุงูŠุฉ and fibers located
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inside of the pons ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ transverse fibers ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„
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transverse fibers ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… pontocerebellar
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fibers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุฌูŠูŠู† ู…ู† middle cerebellarุฃุซู†ูŠู†
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ุงู„ู€ longitudinal fibers ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„
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projection fibers ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ู… corticospinal tract ุฃูˆ
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ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ pyramidal tract ูˆู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
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corticopontine fibers ููŠ ุงู„ู€pons ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠู„
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ุงู„ู€ trigeminal nerve ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„
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trigeminal nerveู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† sensory nucleus ู…ู†
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sensory nucleus for a for a touch sensation ู…ู†
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sensory nucleus
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ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู† descending spinal nucleus of trigeminal
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nerveู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง sensory nucleiุŒ sensory
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ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ descending spinal nucleus ุจุชู…ุฑ
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00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:28,800
ููŠ ุงู„ pons ุซู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุถุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู„ู†ุฌุงุชู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู„
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00:07:28,800 --> 00:07:32,700
ู„ู„ upper part of spinal cordุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
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00:07:32,700 --> 00:07:36,180
ููŠ ุงู„ ponsุฌุฒุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ Medulla Oblongata ูˆุฌุฒุก
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00:07:36,180 --> 00:07:40,420
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู† C1 ู„ C4 segment of spinal cord ู‡ุฐูŠ
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descending spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve for
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pain and temperature sensation
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00:07:48,740 --> 00:07:55,560
ููŠ motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
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00:07:55,560 --> 00:08:01,480
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Pons ููŠ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ motor ู„ู€ Abdominal nerve
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00:08:01,480 --> 00:08:08,420
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ PonsููŠ ู†ูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ู„ู€ facial nerve motor
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nucleus ventral and dorsal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ ventral ุจุชูƒูˆู†
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00:08:15,160 --> 00:08:19,280
ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„
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lower half of the face ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุณู„ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ upper
98
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half of the face ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุณู„ motor nucleus of the
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facial nerve ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุนุถู„ุงุชู‡
100
00:08:35,390 --> 00:08:39,390
ูˆ ุงู„ ventral nucleus of facial ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
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00:08:39,390 --> 00:08:42,710
ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ูˆ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ motor
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00:08:42,710 --> 00:08:49,590
functionู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ nucleus of vestibular nerve ุงู„
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vestibular ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ pons ูˆ ุฌุฒุก
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00:08:53,930 --> 00:08:57,550
ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุง ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงู†ุฌุงุชุง
105
00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:06,660
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ bonds ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ trigeminal motor
106
00:09:06,660 --> 00:09:11,400
nucleus ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ abdomen nucleus ููŠ ุงู„ facial
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nucleus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… motor ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
108
00:09:16,260 --> 00:09:19,800
facial ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ facial nerve ููŠ superior
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00:09:19,800 --> 00:09:26,750
salivary nucleusSuperior Salivary Nucleus ุชุนุชุจุฑ
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00:09:26,750 --> 00:09:33,570
ุจุงุฑุง ุณูŠู…ุจุงุซุงุชูŠูƒ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุชุนุทูŠ ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ
111
00:09:33,570 --> 00:09:36,790
ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ
112
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ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ
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ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูŠุฉ
114
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ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ nucleus ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุฑุฃุณ ุจุตู„
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ูˆ ุฃู‚ุทุนู‡ ูˆ ุฃุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุงุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
116
00:09:53,880 --> 00:09:57,940
ุงู„ุฃู†ู ุชุจุนู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ secretion ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ู ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
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00:10:01,080 --> 00:10:04,400
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง descending spinal nucleus of
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00:10:04,400 --> 00:10:06,740
trigeminal nerve for pain and temperature
119
00:10:06,740 --> 00:10:10,700
sensation ุงูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง principal trigeminal nucleus
120
00:10:10,700 --> 00:10:14,980
ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ palms ุฌุฒุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ
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00:10:14,980 --> 00:10:18,560
ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงู†ุบุงุชุง ูˆุฌุฒุก ุจู†ุฒู„ูˆูŠู† ู„ู„ upper
122
00:10:18,560 --> 00:10:22,780
segments of spinal cord ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ cochlear
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00:10:22,780 --> 00:10:27,800
nuclei ู…ุงุฏุฎู„ุชู‡ู… ููŠ slide ูˆ vestibular nuclei
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00:10:27,800 --> 00:10:33,290
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ a internal structures
125
00:10:33,290 --> 00:10:40,330
of the pons ุงู†ุชุฌู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
126
00:10:40,330 --> 00:10:46,750
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ a midbrain ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท it is the upper
127
00:10:46,750 --> 00:10:51,870
part of brainstem ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ upper part of brainstem
128
00:10:51,870 --> 00:10:58,520
ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ located between the ponsBelow ุจูŠุญุฏู‡ ู…ู†
129
00:10:58,520 --> 00:11:03,480
ุชุญุช ุงู„ Pons ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ Diencephalon Diencephalon
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00:11:03,480 --> 00:11:07,720
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Med Brain ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุตูˆุฑ ุจูŠู† ู…ู† ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠู†
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ุงู„ Pons ู…ู† ุชุญุช ูˆ Diencephalon ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู
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ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ cerebellum ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ superior cerebellar
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00:11:17,840 --> 00:11:22,210
pedunclesูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ connection ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ it connects
134
00:11:22,210 --> 00:11:26,630
pons and cerebellum to subthalamic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ
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00:11:26,630 --> 00:11:31,590
ุจูŠุฑุจุท ุงู„ pons ูˆ ุงู„ cerebellum ู…ุน ุงู„ subthalamus ู…ุน
136
00:11:31,590 --> 00:11:35,670
ุงู„ cerebral ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ุณููŠุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ุจูŠุฑุจุทู‡ู… ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุจุท ูƒู„
137
00:11:35,670 --> 00:11:39,830
ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ middle brain ุจุงู„
138
00:11:39,830 --> 00:11:44,440
cerebrumู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ fibers ุฌุง ู…ู† spinal cord ูˆ ู…ู†
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00:11:44,440 --> 00:11:47,360
ุงู„cerebellum ูˆ ู…ู† ู…ุถุงู„ุฉ ุจู„ู†ุฌุงุชุง ูˆ bones ุฑุงุญ ุชู…ุฑ
140
00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:53,600
ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ midbrain ุนุดุงู† ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ cerebrum ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ูˆ
141
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ midbrain ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ ู…ูŠุฏ ุจุฑูŠู†ู‡ุฐุง
142
00:12:01,220 --> 00:12:06,980
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุจุท ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ ุฃุณูู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ
143
00:12:06,980 --> 00:12:11,180
ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฎ ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ mid
144
00:12:11,180 --> 00:12:15,780
brain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญู„ู‚ุช ุฑุจุท ูˆูˆุตู„ ู…ุง
145
00:12:15,780 --> 00:12:19,200
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ brain
146
00:12:19,200 --> 00:12:23,480
stem, cerebellum and spinal cord with a cerebral
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00:12:23,480 --> 00:12:24,380
hemisphere
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00:12:30,260 --> 00:12:35,680
external features of midbrain ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
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00:12:35,680 --> 00:12:39,140
external features of midbrain ููŠ ุงู„ anterior
150
00:12:39,140 --> 00:12:45,180
service of midbrain ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ two cerebellar
151
00:12:45,180 --> 00:12:51,860
peduncles ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆ oculomotor nerve
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00:12:54,800 --> 00:12:59,440
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior cervix of midbrain ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ two
153
00:12:59,440 --> 00:13:03,700
cerebral peduncles ูˆequal motor nerve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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emerging from the medial side of cerebral
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00:13:08,080 --> 00:13:11,320
peduncles ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ cerebral peduncles ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„
156
00:13:13,730 --> 00:13:17,510
ุงู„ู€ anterior service of midbrain ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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00:13:17,510 --> 00:13:21,070
cerebral peduncles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… cross cerebrae
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00:13:21,070 --> 00:13:26,970
ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงูŠุด ุงูˆูƒู„ุงู…ูˆุชุฑ ู†ูŠุฑุจ ูˆู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ุงูˆูƒู„ุงู…ูˆุชุฑ ู†ูŠุฑุจ
159
00:13:26,970 --> 00:13:31,590
ุจุฎุฑุฌ medial ุงูˆ internal ู…ู† ุงู„cerebral peduncles
160
00:13:31,590 --> 00:13:36,290
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ external features ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
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00:13:36,290 --> 00:13:41,270
anterior service ofMidbrain ู…ุงุญุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€
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trochlear nerve ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ anterior service ู„ุฃ
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ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ trochlear nerve ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„
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00:13:46,990 --> 00:13:51,350
posterior service ูˆ ุจู„ู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุจู„ู ู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู
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ู„ู„ุฃู…ุงู… ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
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ุนู„ู‰Posterior service of midbrain ููŠ ุงู„ posterior
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00:14:03,860 --> 00:14:08,920
service ููŠ midbrain ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง four caliculi ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง
168
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ุงูŠู‡ุŸ four caliculi ููŠ two superior caliculi right
169
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and left ูˆ two inferior caliculi right and left
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00:14:20,220 --> 00:14:26,000
what's the function of superior calculusุŸุงู„ main
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function ู„ ุงู„ superior calculus is visual function
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
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function ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ inferior calculus ุงู„ auditory or
174
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hearing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ hearing ุฃูˆ ุงู„ auditory
175
00:14:42,820 --> 00:14:45,640
function ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ inferior calculus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
176
00:14:45,640 --> 00:14:56,530
ุจุงู„ุณู…ุนูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ inferior ูˆ ุงู„ superior
177
00:14:56,530 --> 00:14:57,110
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„
178
00:14:57,110 --> 00:14:57,150
superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior
179
00:14:57,150 --> 00:14:57,190
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„
180
00:14:57,190 --> 00:14:57,270
superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior
181
00:14:57,270 --> 00:14:57,270
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„
182
00:14:57,270 --> 00:14:57,310
superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior
183
00:14:57,310 --> 00:14:57,310
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„
184
00:14:57,310 --> 00:14:57,310
superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior
185
00:14:57,310 --> 00:14:57,450
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„
186
00:14:57,450 --> 00:14:57,450
superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior
187
00:14:57,450 --> 00:14:57,450
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„
188
00:14:57,450 --> 00:14:57,550
superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior
189
00:14:57,550 --> 00:14:57,550
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„
190
00:14:57,550 --> 00:14:57,550
superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior
191
00:14:57,550 --> 00:14:57,550
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„
192
00:14:57,550 --> 00:14:57,550
superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior
193
00:14:57,550 --> 00:14:57,550
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„
194
00:14:57,550 --> 00:14:57,550
superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior
195
00:14:57,550 --> 00:14:57,790
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„
196
00:14:57,790 --> 00:14:58,530
superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ ุงู„ superior
197
00:14:58,530 --> 00:15:09,930
ูˆ ุงู„ superior ูˆ
198
00:15:09,930 --> 00:15:17,670
ุงู„ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Trochlear nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู‡ุงูŠ
199
00:15:17,670 --> 00:15:22,650
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ inferior
200
00:15:22,650 --> 00:15:30,310
calculus ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน media ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒูˆู„ูŠุช body
201
00:15:30,310 --> 00:15:34,640
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ metathalamusูˆู‡ูŠ superior calculus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
202
00:15:34,640 --> 00:15:38,120
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ lateral geniculate body for vision
203
00:15:38,120 --> 00:15:44,640
ูˆูˆุงุถุญุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Trochlearnier ุจุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุจุตูŠุฑู‡
204
00:15:44,640 --> 00:15:49,820
service ูˆุจูŠู„ู ู„ู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุจุตูŠุฑู‡ service ูˆุจูŠู„ู ู„ู„ุฃู…ุงู…
205
00:15:49,820 --> 00:15:53,490
ู‡ุฐุง Trochlearnierู…ู† ุงู„ู€ posterior service of
206
00:15:53,490 --> 00:15:57,490
midbrain ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ูŠู† for colloquiali ุซู†ูŠู† superior
207
00:15:57,490 --> 00:16:01,830
ุซู†ูŠู† inferior ูˆ Trochlear nerve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู†
208
00:16:01,830 --> 00:16:09,970
ุงู„ posterior service of midbrain ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ optic
209
00:16:09,970 --> 00:16:13,410
tract ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ lateral geniculate body ุงู„
210
00:16:13,410 --> 00:16:18,540
lateral geniculate bodyู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ู…ุน ุงู„
211
00:16:18,540 --> 00:16:21,180
superior calculus ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ media ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒูˆู„ูŠุทูŠ
212
00:16:21,180 --> 00:16:26,540
ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน inferior calculus ุงู„ุขู† ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
213
00:16:26,540 --> 00:16:31,720
internal structures of midbrain internal
214
00:16:31,720 --> 00:16:37,540
structures of midbrain ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง .. ุงุฎุฏู†ุง transverse
215
00:16:37,540 --> 00:16:43,750
section ู„ู„ู…ูŠุฏ ุจุฑูŠู†ุจู†ุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ midbrain ุจูŠู…ุฑ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ
216
00:16:43,750 --> 00:16:50,010
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง silvius ุงูˆ cerebral aqueduct ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„
217
00:16:50,010 --> 00:16:55,490
midbrain ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ silvius ุงูˆ cerebral aqueduct ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
218
00:16:55,490 --> 00:16:59,590
silvius ุงูˆ ุงู„ cerebral aqueduct ุฑุงุญ ุชู‚ุณู… ู„ู†ุง ุงู„
219
00:16:59,590 --> 00:17:04,310
midbrain ู„ two part ุฑุงุญ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ midbrain ู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
220
00:17:04,310 --> 00:17:11,150
two partุชูƒุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ posterior part ูˆ two
221
00:17:11,150 --> 00:17:14,610
cerebral peduncles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ anterior part ู„ูˆ
222
00:17:14,610 --> 00:17:18,790
ุณุฃู„ุชูƒูˆุง ุณุคุงู„ ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… large ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… small ุงู„
223
00:17:18,790 --> 00:17:23,130
posterior part ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† small ูˆ ุงู„ anterior part
224
00:17:23,130 --> 00:17:27,240
ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† largeูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ posterior part ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
225
00:17:27,240 --> 00:17:31,160
ุงู„ุชูƒุชู… ูŠุนุชุจุฑ small part ูˆ ุงู„ two cerebral bronches
226
00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:41,520
ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง a large part of midbrain ุงูˆู„
227
00:17:41,520 --> 00:17:47,680
ุดูŠ ู†ุฌุณู…ู‡ู… ู‡ูŠุงุฎุฏู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุฃูˆุถุญ
228
00:17:49,250 --> 00:17:54,710
OkayุŒ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Silvius
229
00:17:54,710 --> 00:17:59,990
Aqueduct ุฃูˆ Cerebral AqueductุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุจุชูˆุตู„ ู…ุง
230
00:17:59,990 --> 00:18:07,250
ุจูŠู† third ventricleุŒ ventricle
231
00:18:07,250 --> 00:18:14,530
ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ fourth ventricleุŒ ู…ุน fourthูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
232
00:18:14,530 --> 00:18:19,210
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ cellulose aqueduct ุชุฑุจุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„
233
00:18:19,210 --> 00:18:22,550
third ventricle ู…ุน ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ fourth ventricle ูˆ ุงูŠู‡
234
00:18:22,550 --> 00:18:30,010
ุจุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ midbrain ุชู‚ุณู… ุงู„ midbrain ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ู‚ุณู…ุช
235
00:18:30,010 --> 00:18:34,450
ุงู„ midbrain ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ ุงุณู…ู‡
236
00:18:36,330 --> 00:18:41,130
ูˆู‡ุฐุง cerebral peduncles ..cerebral peduncles ูŠุจู‚ู‰
237
00:18:41,130 --> 00:18:46,410
ุฌุณู…ุชู†ุง ุงู„ a ู…ู† ุฅุจุฑูŠู„ุง ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ุชูƒุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ posterior
238
00:18:46,410 --> 00:18:53,650
ูˆcerebral peduncles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงูŠู‡ anterior ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
239
00:18:53,650 --> 00:19:00,870
silvius aqueduct ุชู…ุงู… ุดูˆู
240
00:19:00,870 --> 00:19:02,770
ุนู„ู‰ transverse cut ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡
241
00:19:05,860 --> 00:19:12,660
ู‡ูŠ Transversal cut ู‡ุงูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ Silvias Aqueduct
242
00:19:12,660 --> 00:19:16,620
ุฑุงุญ ุชู‚ุณู… ุงูŠู‡?
243
00:19:18,300 --> 00:19:24,200
Cerebral ุงูˆ ุงู„ midbrain ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† Tectum
244
00:19:24,200 --> 00:19:30,500
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ Tectum ูˆ Cerebral Peduncles ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู†
245
00:19:30,500 --> 00:19:36,290
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„Tectum posterior part ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
246
00:19:36,290 --> 00:19:42,470
cerebral peduncles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงูŠุด anterior part
247
00:19:42,470 --> 00:19:46,370
ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… large ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… small ุชectum ูŠุนุชุจุฑ small
248
00:19:46,370 --> 00:19:52,950
ูˆ cerebral peduncles ูŠุนุชุจุฑ large ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…
249
00:19:52,950 --> 00:19:56,810
ูƒูŠู ุฌุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„ midbrain ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† ู„ anterior part ูˆ
250
00:19:56,810 --> 00:19:57,790
posterior part
251
00:20:03,420 --> 00:20:10,560
ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ ูƒู„ ุฌุฒุก ูˆ ู†ุดุฑุญู‡ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจ .. ุจุชูƒุชู… of
252
00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:17,120
midbrain ุชูƒุชู… of midbrain it is a smaller part of
253
00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:21,320
midbrain ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชูƒุชู… of midbrain ูŠุนุชุจุฑ smaller
254
00:20:21,320 --> 00:20:26,760
dorsal part of midbrain which is located posterior
255
00:20:26,760 --> 00:20:33,170
or behind ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€silvius ุงูˆ cerebralูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
256
00:20:33,170 --> 00:20:38,870
ุฌุฒุฆูŠู† two superior calculi for vision ูˆ two
257
00:20:38,870 --> 00:20:42,390
inferior calculi for hearing ูˆ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุณู‡ู„ ูˆ ู…ุงููŠ
258
00:20:42,390 --> 00:20:47,250
ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ take down ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
259
00:20:47,250 --> 00:20:51,950
ุงู„ cut ุฃุฎุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ level inferior calculus ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง
260
00:20:51,950 --> 00:20:54,950
ู…ู‚ุทุน ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ level ุจุชุงุน superior
261
00:20:54,950 --> 00:20:59,430
calculus ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ mid brain
262
00:21:00,310 --> 00:21:05,010
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ cerebral peduncles of midbrain
263
00:21:05,010 --> 00:21:12,710
it is largest part ุงูˆ larger ventral part which is
264
00:21:12,710 --> 00:21:17,330
located in front or anterior to the sylvia's
265
00:21:17,330 --> 00:21:20,870
aqueduct ุงูˆ cerebral aqueduct ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุช
266
00:21:20,870 --> 00:21:24,930
ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ูƒุงู… ุฌุฒุกุŸ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุฃูˆู„ ุฌุฒุก ุงุณู…ู‡
267
00:21:24,930 --> 00:21:31,570
cross cerebralุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฒุก ุงุณู…ู‡ุง substantia negra
268
00:21:31,570 --> 00:21:34,070
ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงุก ุชุงู„ุช ุฌุฒุก ุงุณู…ู‡
269
00:21:45,980 --> 00:21:52,680
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ cross cerebrae ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡
270
00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:57,700
substantia nigra ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงุณู…ู‡ pigmentum of
271
00:21:57,700 --> 00:22:02,980
midbrainOkayุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Cross ReparateุŸ
272
00:22:02,980 --> 00:22:07,360
ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ projection fibers Corticospinal tractุŒ
273
00:22:07,360 --> 00:22:11,380
Corticonuclear tract ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุณุจุณุชุงู†ุดูŠุง
274
00:22:11,380 --> 00:22:15,020
ู†ูŠุฌุฑุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุซู‚ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูˆุบุฑูŠ ู…ุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
275
00:22:15,020 --> 00:22:20,020
ุจุงู„ extrapyramidal central nervous system ุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง
276
00:22:20,020 --> 00:22:25,300
production ู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ู†ู‚ุต ูˆ
277
00:22:25,300 --> 00:22:30,380
degenerationููŠ ุงู„ substance negra ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู‚ู„ ุงู„
278
00:22:30,380 --> 00:22:35,660
production of dopamine ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ shaking
279
00:22:35,660 --> 00:22:40,860
palsy or parkinson disease ู…ุฑุถ ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
280
00:22:40,860 --> 00:22:44,280
ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุณูŠุฑ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ู†ุฒู‡ู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
281
00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:48,960
bloody kinase, oligokinase,mentation tremor ู‡ุฐุง
282
00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:52,700
ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ู…ุฑุถ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุดู„ู„
283
00:22:52,700 --> 00:22:58,780
ุงู„ุฑุนุงุดTegmentum of midbrain ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠู†ุชูˆู… of midbrain
284
00:22:58,780 --> 00:23:03,260
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ุงู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ oculomotor nerve
285
00:23:03,260 --> 00:23:08,340
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ trochlear nerve ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ููŠู‡ุง
286
00:23:08,340 --> 00:23:12,260
ascending tract ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ sensation ุงู„ reticular
287
00:23:12,260 --> 00:23:15,860
formation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†
288
00:23:15,860 --> 00:23:18,860
ููŠ ุงู„ brain stem ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ regulation of
289
00:23:18,860 --> 00:23:22,340
consciousness level ู‡ูˆ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ูˆุนูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
290
00:23:23,310 --> 00:23:31,390
ูˆุจุฌู‡ู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู†ุฌุณู…ู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ู†ุง ุฌุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„ midbrain
291
00:23:31,390 --> 00:23:39,650
ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ุชูƒุชู… ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
292
00:23:39,650 --> 00:23:45,190
ุชูƒุชู… ููŠู‡ superior ูˆ inferior calicular ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
293
00:23:45,190 --> 00:23:50,630
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
294
00:23:50,630 --> 00:23:51,110
ุงุชู†ูŠู†
295
00:23:56,110 --> 00:24:02,730
cerebral peduncles ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุฌุณู… ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑูŠูˆ ูˆ
296
00:24:02,730 --> 00:24:06,910
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑูŠุจุฑุงู„ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง
297
00:24:06,910 --> 00:24:13,930
ู†ุฌุณู… ุงู„cerebral peduncles ู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุฃูˆู„ ุฌุฒุก ุฑุงุญ
298
00:24:13,930 --> 00:24:18,310
ูŠูƒูˆู† cross
299
00:24:21,220 --> 00:24:28,240
cross cerebrae ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…
300
00:24:28,240 --> 00:24:37,940
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชูƒุชุจ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…
301
00:24:37,940 --> 00:24:46,040
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…
302
00:24:46,040 --> 00:24:47,380
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…
303
00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:47,380
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…
304
00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:47,380
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…
305
00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:47,380
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…
306
00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:47,380
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู…
307
00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:56,280
ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชุฌู…ู†ุชู… ุชูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ A B C ู‡ุฐู‡
308
00:24:56,280 --> 00:25:03,060
ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ posterior ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ anterior
309
00:25:03,060 --> 00:25:08,440
part of the midbrain ู„ุชุฌู…ูŠู†ุชู‡ู… cross reprise ูˆ
310
00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:13,860
substantia nigra ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญุฏุฏู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ูˆ ุฌุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„
311
00:25:13,860 --> 00:25:18,320
midbrain ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ internalุงู„ู€ structures ูˆ
312
00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:23,080
ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ internal structures of
313
00:25:23,080 --> 00:25:30,360
midbrain ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ structures of the
314
00:25:30,360 --> 00:25:32,940
midbrain ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ internal structures ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฑุญ
315
00:25:32,940 --> 00:25:36,080
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒูˆู„ุงู…ูˆุชุฑ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูˆ ุชุฑูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ
316
00:25:36,080 --> 00:25:40,720
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠู†ุชู… of midbrain ุฑูŠุฏ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
317
00:25:40,720 --> 00:25:44,220
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅูƒุณุชุฑุงุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุฏู„ ู†ูŠุฑุจุงู„ุณูŠุณุชู… ู…ูŠุฒู†ุณูŠูุงู„ูŠูƒ
318
00:25:44,220 --> 00:25:48,840
ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ of the trigeminal nerveุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ deep
319
00:25:48,840 --> 00:25:51,360
sensation ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ exception ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถุฉ ุชูƒูˆู†
320
00:25:51,360 --> 00:25:53,800
ููŠ ุงู„ bones ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู„ู… ุชุฌุช ููŠ ุงู„ bones ุงุฌุช ููŠ ุงู„
321
00:25:53,800 --> 00:25:57,160
midbrain ูˆุงุณู…ู‡ุง mesencephalic nucleus of
322
00:25:57,160 --> 00:26:00,720
trigeminal nerve for deep sensation inferior
323
00:26:00,720 --> 00:26:04,980
calculus ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ superior calculus ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†
324
00:26:04,980 --> 00:26:09,380
ููŠ ุชูƒุชู… of midbrain ุงู„ุณูˆุจุฑูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
325
00:26:09,380 --> 00:26:12,820
vision ูˆ inferior ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ hearingsubstantia
326
00:26:12,820 --> 00:26:16,780
nigra ู‡ุฐูŠ extrapyramidal center for production of
327
00:26:16,780 --> 00:26:20,820
dopamine ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซ deficiency ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ
328
00:26:20,820 --> 00:26:25,600
ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ parkinson disease ุงูˆ shaking palsy ุดู„ุงู„
329
00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:29,870
ุงู„ุฑุนุงุด ุงู†ุง ููˆู‚ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ superior
330
00:26:29,870 --> 00:26:32,450
calculus ุชุญุชู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† inferior calculus ููŠ
331
00:26:32,450 --> 00:26:37,310
ุงู„ุชุฌู…ูŠู†ุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ oculomotor nerve ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
332
00:26:37,310 --> 00:26:40,530
ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง motor ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูˆ ููŠ danger ูˆ ุฅุณุชูุงู„ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ
333
00:26:40,530 --> 00:26:43,650
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูˆุฑุง sympathetic ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ oculomotor nerve
334
00:26:43,650 --> 00:26:47,290
ููŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† mesencephalic nucleus ููŠ
335
00:26:47,290 --> 00:26:51,600
substantia nigra ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ cerebral pedunclesูˆ
336
00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:56,060
ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„
337
00:26:56,060 --> 00:26:59,420
trochlear nucleus ู‡ูŠ mesencephalic nucleus ุจุชูƒูˆู†
338
00:26:59,420 --> 00:27:04,120
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ tegmentum ุฌุฑูŠุจุฉ ุจูŠู† tegmentum of
339
00:27:04,120 --> 00:27:07,860
midbrain and tectum ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
340
00:27:07,860 --> 00:27:11,740
ุงู†ุง ุดุฑุญุชู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ brainstem ูˆ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ุขุฎุฑ
341
00:27:11,740 --> 00:27:15,020
slide ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ anatomy and physiology of the
342
00:27:15,020 --> 00:27:18,220
brainstem ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุฃู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆ ุฏูˆู…ุชู… ุจุฎูŠุฑ