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1
00:00:05,210 --> 00:00:10,470
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ

2
00:00:10,470 --> 00:00:13,630
ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Anatomy and Physiology

3
00:00:13,630 --> 00:00:18,010
of the motor system part two ุฑุงุญ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

4
00:00:18,010 --> 00:00:26,170
muscles skeletal muscle ุฑุงุญ ุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจ motor unit ุฅูŠุด 

5
00:00:26,170 --> 00:00:32,630
ู‡ูˆ motor unit it is the functional unit of muscle

6
00:00:32,630 --> 00:00:36,170
contraction ูŠุจู‚ู‰ functional unit of muscle

7
00:00:36,170 --> 00:00:42,610
contraction ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ motor unit it consists of

8
00:00:42,610 --> 00:00:48,580
one alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers

9
00:00:48,580 --> 00:00:54,740
innervated by its axons ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† muscle fibers

10
00:00:54,740 --> 00:01:00,660
ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ูˆู† Alpha ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ unit ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ motor unit

11
00:01:00,660 --> 00:01:05,020
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† muscle fibers ู…ุน alpha motor neuron ู…ุน

12
00:01:05,020 --> 00:01:11,080
ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ motor unit ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† contraction

13
00:01:11,080 --> 00:01:19,510
of the muscle fibers muscle tissue ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฑุญ

14
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ muscle tissue muscle tissue is the only

15
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one which has the property of contractility ูŠุจู‚ู‰

16
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ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ 

17
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ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ู‡ูŠ muscle tissue ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุชุฌูŠู†ุง 

18
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ุงู„ muscle tissueุŸ ู…ู† mesoderm .. mesoderm ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง

19
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ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ muscle fibers ูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ุนู† ุจุนุถ ู…ู†

20
00:02:02,350 --> 00:02:06,050
ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ morphology ูˆ ุงู„ functional

21
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characteristics ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุนุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡

22
00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:19,440
striated muscle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุทุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

23
00:02:19,440 --> 00:02:25,340
ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ skeletal muscles ูˆ cardiac muscle ููŠ

24
00:02:25,340 --> 00:02:30,940
smooth muscles ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุณุงุก ุทุจ ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู…

25
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voluntary ูˆู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… involuntary ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ

26
00:02:35,700 --> 00:02:40,340
ุจูŠุบุฐูŠู‡ู… somatic nerves ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง voluntary ุบู…ุถ ุนูŠู†ูŠ

27
00:02:40,340 --> 00:02:45,400
ูุชุญ ุฑูุนุช ุฃูŠุฏูŠ ู†ุฒู„ุชู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง voluntary ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช

28
00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:50,380
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุบุฐูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ autonomic nervous system ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง

29
00:02:50,380 --> 00:02:54,220
involuntary ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… cardiac ูˆ smooth muscles

30
00:02:54,220 --> 00:02:57,400
ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง involuntary ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุชุญูƒู… ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ

31
00:02:57,400 --> 00:03:03,450
ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ู†ุจุถ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุฃุฒูˆุฏู‡

32
00:03:03,450 --> 00:03:07,630
ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ู„ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนุชุจุฑ involuntary muscles ูŠู‚ูˆู„

33
00:03:07,630 --> 00:03:10,910
ุงู„ involuntary muscles ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ

34
00:03:10,910 --> 00:03:14,350
cardiac ูˆ smooth ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุง ุฅุฑุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ 

35
00:03:14,350 --> 00:03:22,910
ู‡ูŠ skeletal muscles ููŠ ุฌุณู…ู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ 320 ุฒูˆุฌ ู…ู†

36
00:03:22,910 --> 00:03:27,990
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ 320 ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 320

37
00:03:27,990 --> 00:03:34,470
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 640 skeletal muscle ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ุงู„

38
00:03:34,470 --> 00:03:39,130
skeletal muscle ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 40 ู„ 50% ู…ู† ูˆุฒู†

39
00:03:39,130 --> 00:03:45,540
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ muscle ุชุดุฑุจ what's the

40
00:03:45,540 --> 00:03:52,800
functions of skeletal muscles ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ skeletal

41
00:03:52,800 --> 00:03:58,600
muscles ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก produce movement of the skeletal

42
00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:01,960
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ skeleton ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† 

43
00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:09,440
ู…ุง ุจู…ุดูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุจูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุฏูˆู† ุนุถู„ุงุช maintain posture and

44
00:04:09,440 --> 00:04:17,080
body position ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุงู‚ู ุฃูˆ ุฌู„ุณุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู‡ุง

45
00:04:17,080 --> 00:04:20,520
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ position ุจุงู„ muscle ุจ skeletal

46
00:04:20,520 --> 00:04:25,860
muscles support ุงู„ soft tissue ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ soft

47
00:04:25,860 --> 00:04:30,720
tissue ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ 

48
00:04:30,720 --> 00:04:35,480
ุงู„ digestive system urinary other tract ุงู„ heart

49
00:04:35,480 --> 00:04:41,280
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจูŠุญู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ and

50
00:04:41,280 --> 00:04:47,300
maintain body temperature ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนู„ู‚ ุจ regulation of

51
00:04:47,300 --> 00:04:51,700
the body temperature by the contraction of the

52
00:04:51,700 --> 00:05:00,360
muscle what's the properties of skeletal muscle

53
00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:05,770
tissue ุฃูˆ ุณุคุงู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ what's the characteristics of

54
00:05:05,770 --> 00:05:09,710
skeletal muscle tissueุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„

55
00:05:09,710 --> 00:05:13,010
muscle tissue ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ skeletal muscleุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ

56
00:05:13,010 --> 00:05:21,330
excitability ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ability to response

57
00:05:21,330 --> 00:05:28,290
to stimulus ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู„ stimulus ุซุงู†ูŠ 

58
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contractility 

59
00:05:31,540 --> 00:05:36,080
ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ it is the ability of produce muscle

60
00:05:36,080 --> 00:05:44,280
contraction ุซู„ุงุซุฉ extensibility ability of muscle

61
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to be stretched ุงู„ stretching of the muscle ุฃุฑุจุน

62
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elasticity ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ elasticity it is the ability of

63
00:05:55,800 --> 00:06:03,950
muscle to return to its original length ู…ุชู‰ when

64
00:06:03,950 --> 00:06:10,270
tension and contraction is released ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„

65
00:06:10,270 --> 00:06:16,490
ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู„ contraction ุจุญุฏุซ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ

66
00:06:16,490 --> 00:06:23,090
ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ rest ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุชุฑุฌุน ู„ุฅูŠู‡ ู„ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง

67
00:06:23,090 --> 00:06:27,150
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ rest ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ rest ููŠ

68
00:06:27,150 --> 00:06:33,920
ุงู„ู‡ุฏูˆุก ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง elasticity of the muscle ุฃุฎุฑ

69
00:06:33,920 --> 00:06:39,260
ุดูŠุก ุงู„ adaptation adaptability ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช

70
00:06:39,260 --> 00:06:44,420
ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ุง adaptation ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ ุงูŠู‡

71
00:06:44,420 --> 00:06:50,140
ุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ connective

72
00:06:50,140 --> 00:06:57,120
tissue ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† skeletal muscle ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง

73
00:07:01,750 --> 00:07:07,770
Epimysium ูˆ Endomysium ู‡ุฐู‡

74
00:07:07,770 --> 00:07:13,430
ุงู„ Epimysium ุชุนุชุจุฑ external stretch ุฃูˆ external

75
00:07:13,430 --> 00:07:20,150
sheath ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุชุนุชุจุฑ external sheath of dense

76
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irregular surround the inter muscle ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„

77
00:07:27,330 --> 00:07:35,400
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ contains large nerve, arteries and

78
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lymphatic vessels ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ perimysium had surrounded

79
00:07:42,840 --> 00:07:48,420
each bundle of muscle fibers ูุณูƒุฑ ุฑุญ ู†ุดุฑุญูƒู…

80
00:07:48,420 --> 00:07:54,500
ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ it is penetrated by nerve, arteries and

81
00:07:54,500 --> 00:07:59,650
lymphatic vessels ุทุจ endomysium ุชุนุชุจุฑ reticular

82
00:07:59,650 --> 00:08:05,870
fibers surround the external lamina covers the

83
00:08:05,870 --> 00:08:22,530
muscle as whole ูŠุจู‚ู‰

84
00:08:22,530 --> 00:08:25,090
ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

85
00:08:28,560 --> 00:08:37,480
ุฅูŠุจูŠู…ูŠุฒูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุจูŠุฑูŠู…ูŠ ูˆ ุฃู†ุฏูˆู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ connective

86
00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:43,020
tissue around the skeletal muscles ููŠ three layers

87
00:08:43,020 --> 00:08:50,180
ููŠ ุฅูŠุจูŠู…ูŠุฒูŠูˆู… ูˆ ููŠ ุจูŠุฑูŠู…ูŠุฒูŠูˆู… ูˆ ููŠ ุฃู†ุฏูˆู…ูŠุฒูŠูˆู… ุงู„ ุฅูŠุจูŠ

88
00:08:50,180 --> 00:08:55,680
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ it is external sheetof dense regular

89
00:08:55,680 --> 00:09:02,460
surround and cover the muscle as a whole ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง

90
00:09:02,460 --> 00:09:08,480
ุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„

91
00:09:08,480 --> 00:09:14,700
ุจูŠุฑูŠู…ูŠ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ surround each of muscle fascicle ู‡ุฐุง

92
00:09:14,700 --> 00:09:20,030
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅูŠุจูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆ ุจูŠุบุทูŠู†ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุง

93
00:09:20,030 --> 00:09:27,090
ุบู„ุงู ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠูƒู„ of muscle ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ bending

94
00:09:27,090 --> 00:09:33,270
ู„ู„ูุงุณูŠูƒู„ together ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ nerves,

95
00:09:33,850 --> 00:09:39,130
arteries and lymphatic vessels ุฃุฎุฑ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 

96
00:09:39,130 --> 00:09:44,370
endomysia ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆูŠู† ุชุนุชุจุฑ delicate soft tissue

97
00:09:44,370 --> 00:09:50,450
ุฃูˆ soft membrane cover the specialized skeletal

98
00:09:50,450 --> 00:09:54,630
muscle fibers ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุฏูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ูˆ ุจูŠุบู„ู

99
00:09:54,630 --> 00:09:58,770
ุงู„ muscle fibers ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ nerve

100
00:09:58,770 --> 00:10:03,430
fibers ูˆ arteries ูˆ lymphatic vessels ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง 

101
00:10:03,430 --> 00:10:09,540
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ epimysium ูˆ ุจูŠุตู„ุญ ุญุฏ ุงู„ุชู†ุฏูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† 

102
00:10:09,540 --> 00:10:13,520
ุบู„ุงู ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ perimysium ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

103
00:10:13,520 --> 00:10:19,020
ุบู„ุงู ู„ูุณูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูุณูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง

104
00:10:19,020 --> 00:10:25,800
endomysium ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุบู„ุงู ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ muscle fibers ูŠุจู‚ู‰ 

105
00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:31,700
ุฃู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ peri ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ endo ูˆ 

106
00:10:31,700 --> 00:10:36,660
epimysium ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุบู„ุงู ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ

107
00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:50,460
ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ definition of skeletal muscle

108
00:10:50,460 --> 00:10:56,420
skeletal muscle is composed of numerous muscle

109
00:10:56,420 --> 00:11:02,080
fibers ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ skeletal muscle ููŠู‡ุง fascicles ูˆ ุงู„

110
00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:07,980
fascicles ููŠู‡ุง muscle fibers each muscle fibers

111
00:11:07,980 --> 00:11:15,710
usually innervated by only one nerve endings ู‡ุฐุง 

112
00:11:15,710 --> 00:11:21,990
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ motor unit the muscle fibers is surround

113
00:11:21,990 --> 00:11:30,570
by a thin membrane ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง sarcolema sarcolemma

114
00:11:30,570 --> 00:11:37,010
each muscle fiber contains several hundred to

115
00:11:37,010 --> 00:11:42,390
several thousand myofibril ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ muscle fibers

116
00:11:42,390 --> 00:11:49,550
ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุฆุงุช ูˆ ุขู„ุงู ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ myofibril ูŠุนู†ูŠ

117
00:11:49,550 --> 00:11:54,290
fiber muscle fiber fibril ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ muscle 

118
00:11:54,290 --> 00:12:02,500
fibers each myofibril is composed of about one

119
00:12:02,500 --> 00:12:06,080
thousand five hundred myosin filament ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง

120
00:12:06,080 --> 00:12:09,660
ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฃู„ู ูˆ ุฎู…ุณู…ุงุฆุฉ myosin filament ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ

121
00:12:09,660 --> 00:12:16,020
ุขู„ุงู actin filament ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ myosin ูˆ ุงู„ actin ูˆ ู‡ู…

122
00:12:16,020 --> 00:12:19,840
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ muscle contraction ูˆ ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ muscle

123
00:12:19,840 --> 00:12:24,380
contraction cytoplasm ููŠ ุงู„ muscle ุงุณู…ู‡ุง

124
00:12:24,380 --> 00:12:30,690
sarcoplasma smooth endoplasmic reticulum ุงุณู…ู‡ุง 

125
00:12:30,690 --> 00:12:34,390
sarcoplasmic reticulum cell membrane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

126
00:12:34,390 --> 00:12:39,070
external lamina ููŠ ุงู„ muscle ุงุณู…ู‡ุง sarcolema ูŠุฌุจ

127
00:12:39,070 --> 00:12:44,310
ุฃู† ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุงู„ muscle ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง several muscle 

128
00:12:44,310 --> 00:12:48,010
bundle ุฃูˆ fascicles ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ muscle ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง

129
00:12:48,010 --> 00:12:52,550
muscle fascicles ุทุจ ุงู„ muscle fascicles ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง

130
00:12:52,550 --> 00:12:58,350
several muscle fibers ุทุจ ุงู„ muscle fiber ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง

131
00:12:58,350 --> 00:13:07,910
ู…ุฆุงุช ู„ุขู„ุงู myofibrils ุทุจ ุงู„ myofibrils ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃู„ู 

132
00:13:07,910 --> 00:13:14,490
ูˆ ุฎู…ุณู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ูŠูˆุณูŠู† ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุขู„ุงู actin filament ุงู„ู„ูŠ

133
00:13:14,490 --> 00:13:19,670
ู„ุงุฒู…ูŠู† ู„ muscle contraction ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ muscle

134
00:13:19,670 --> 00:13:23,700
ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง muscle fascicle ุงู„ muscle fascicle ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง

135
00:13:23,700 --> 00:13:26,220
muscle fibers ุงู„ muscle fibers ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„

136
00:13:26,220 --> 00:13:29,320
myofibril ุงู„ myofibril ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ myosin ูˆ ุงู„

137
00:13:29,320 --> 00:13:33,160
actins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ู„ ุงู„ muscle contractivity

138
00:13:33,160 --> 00:13:40,140
ู‡ุงู†ูŠ muscle ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ muscle ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ

139
00:13:40,140 --> 00:13:46,100
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… fascicles ุงู„ fascicles ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

140
00:13:46,100 --> 00:13:52,350
muscle fibers ุงู„ muscle fibers ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ุง myofibril ุงู„

141
00:13:52,350 --> 00:13:57,370
myofibril ููŠู‡ุง actin ูˆ myosin ููŠู‡ุง myosin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…

142
00:13:57,370 --> 00:14:02,630
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 1500 ูˆ actin 3000 ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ muscle 

143
00:14:02,630 --> 00:14:07,270
ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง muscle bundle ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง muscle fascicle ุฃูˆ

144
00:14:07,270 --> 00:14:10,470
muscle fascicle ุงู„ muscle fascicle ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง muscle

145
00:14:10,470 --> 00:14:15,570
fibers ุงู„ muscle fibers ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง myofibril ู…ุฆุงุช

146
00:14:15,570 --> 00:14:19,910
ู„ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ myofibrils ุงู„ myofibrils ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง actins

147
00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:27,030
and myosin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… 1500 ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ myosin ูˆ 3000 actins

148
00:14:27,030 --> 00:14:33,570
ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ู„ muscle contraction muscle ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง muscle

149
00:14:33,570 --> 00:14:36,410
fascicles muscle fascicles ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง muscle fibers

150
00:14:36,410 --> 00:14:38,770
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ cells ุงู„ muscle fibers ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง

151
00:14:38,770 --> 00:14:42,510
myofibrils ุงู„ myofibrils ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง thick ูˆ thin

152
00:14:42,510 --> 00:14:48,870
filaments ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… myosin and actin ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ muscle

153
00:14:48,870 --> 00:14:58,140
ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง epimysium ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ูุงุณูŠูƒู„ุฒ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… 

154
00:14:58,140 --> 00:15:03,200
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง perimysium ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู†ู‡ู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ perimysium ู‡ุฐู‡

155
00:15:03,200 --> 00:15:09,920
ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ูุงุณูŠูƒู„ุฒ ุงู„ูุงุณูŠูƒู„ุฒ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

156
00:15:09,920 --> 00:15:14,360
muscle fibers ุงู„ muscle fibers ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ู… ุบู„ุงู ุงุณู…ู‡

157
00:15:14,360 --> 00:15:19,820
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ endomysium endomysium ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ endomysium 

158
00:15:19,820 --> 00:15:23,080
ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ muscle fibers

159
00:15:28,310 --> 00:15:34,770
sarcoplasm is the

160
00:15:34,770 --> 00:15:41,450
intracellular fluid located between myofibrils

161
00:15:41,450 --> 00:15:44,870
ูˆ ุฅูŠุด

162
00:15:44,870 --> 00:15:50,800
ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ contains electrolytes ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ 

163
00:15:50,800 --> 00:15:57,900
ูƒุจุฑูŠุชุงุชุŒ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆ ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุชูˆ

164
00:15:57,900 --> 00:16:03,700
ูƒูˆู†ุฏุฑูŠุง ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุชูˆูƒูˆู†ุฏุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ

165
00:16:03,700 --> 00:16:14,340
ุชุฏูุน ู…ูŠูˆููŠุจุฑูŠู„ุงุช ู…ุน ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ูŠุฑุด ุญุณู†ุง ุณุงุฑูƒูˆ

166
00:16:14,340 --> 00:16:19,170
ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุชูŠูƒ ุฑูŠุชูŠูƒูˆู„ูˆู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ regulation of

167
00:16:19,170 --> 00:16:23,630
calcium storage ู„ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ calcium storage release

168
00:16:23,630 --> 00:16:29,770
and reuptake ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ muscle contraction ู„ู€ ุงู„

169
00:16:29,770 --> 00:16:34,350
contractivity function of the muscle ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†

170
00:16:34,350 --> 00:16:40,890
ุงู„ organization of the muscle fibers ุงุชูุงู‚ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„

171
00:16:40,890 --> 00:16:47,210
muscle fibers ููŠู‡ ู…ุฆุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุขู„ุงู myofibril ูˆ ุงู„

172
00:16:47,210 --> 00:16:52,430
myofibril ูŠุนุชุจุฑ long cylindrical filament bundle

173
00:16:52,430 --> 00:16:58,390
ุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ myofibril ููŠู‡ myosin ุฃู„ู ูˆ ุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ููŠ

174
00:16:58,390 --> 00:17:05,430
ุงู„ actin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุขู„ุงู ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

175
00:17:05,430 --> 00:17:11,750
ููŠู‡ู… a band ูˆ I band ุงู„ A-band ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ dark bands

176
00:17:11,750 --> 00:17:20,290
on myofibril ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ myosin filament ูˆ actin ุจู†ุชู‡ูŠ

177
00:17:20,290 --> 00:17:28,790
ุจุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู† ุงู„ I-band it is light bands ูุงุชุญ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ูู‚ุท

178
00:17:28,790 --> 00:17:33,350
contains actin ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ A-band ูˆ I

179
00:17:33,350 --> 00:17:39,570
-band ุงู„ A-band dark ุบุงู…ู‚ ูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ myosin mainly ูˆููŠ

180
00:17:39,570 --> 00:17:45,610
ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ actin filaments ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ I band light

181
00:17:45,610 --> 00:17:50,250
ูุงุชุญ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ actins only without

182
00:17:50,250 --> 00:17:59,010
myosin light and dark bands give skeletal and

183
00:17:59,010 --> 00:18:03,790
cardiac muscle their striated appearance ู„ุฐู„ูƒ

184
00:18:03,790 --> 00:18:08,800
ุณู…ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ Cardiac ูˆ ุงู„ Skeletal muscle ุงู„ 

185
00:18:08,800 --> 00:18:14,000
striated muscle ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุทุทุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุทุทู‡ู… ุงู„

186
00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:19,480
light ูˆ ุงู„ dark bands of myofibrils ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ 

187
00:18:19,480 --> 00:18:26,940
ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… A-band ูˆ I-band ููŠ Z-disc ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† 

18

201
00:19:39,950 --> 00:19:44,390
..sarcomere ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง functional

202
00:19:44,390 --> 00:19:48,290
..sarcomere functional sub unit of contracted

203
00:19:48,290 --> 00:19:54,550
apparatus okay when the muscle fibers are

204
00:19:54,550 --> 00:19:59,970
contracted ู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ fibers

205
00:19:59,970 --> 00:20:05,120
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ the length of the sarcomere is shortened

206
00:20:05,120 --> 00:20:10,560
ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ sarcomere ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ z ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†

207
00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:16,020
ุงู„ z  to z ุจุชุฎุณุฑ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ and actin

208
00:20:16,020 --> 00:20:21,220
filaments overlap the myosin filament ูˆ ุงู„ actin

209
00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:27,700
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง overlap ู„ู…ู† ู„ุงู„ myosin ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„

210
00:20:27,700 --> 00:20:31,910
titin protein ู‡ุฐุง ุชูŠุชู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

211
00:20:31,910 --> 00:20:36,770
ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงูƒุชู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰

212
00:20:36,770 --> 00:20:44,470
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงูƒุชู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† one

213
00:20:44,470 --> 00:20:49,950
end of the titin molecule is elastic and is

214
00:20:49,950 --> 00:20:55,280
attached to the z disk ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„

215
00:20:55,280 --> 00:20:58,800
.. ุงู„ titin protein ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู‡ z disk

216
00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:04,380
attached ู„ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ z acting as sensing and changing

217
00:21:04,380 --> 00:21:08,960
length as sarcomere contract and relax ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฏู…ุงู„

218
00:21:08,960 --> 00:21:16,360
ุฅูŠุด ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ุฃูˆ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุฑุฌุน

219
00:21:16,360 --> 00:21:20,920
ู„ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ rest ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„

220
00:21:20,920 --> 00:21:27,750
relaxation ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„

221
00:21:27,750 --> 00:21:33,190
thick filament ุงู„ thick filament ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠุณูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„

222
00:21:33,190 --> 00:21:39,410
thin filament ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Actin ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ

223
00:21:39,410 --> 00:21:45,910
ุงู„ Actin ุจูŠุนู…ู„ overlap ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุณูŠู† ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰

224
00:21:45,910 --> 00:21:51,670
ุงู„ู…ูŠุณูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ู„ shortening ู„ ุงู„ muscle

225
00:21:51,670 --> 00:21:55,630
fibers ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ

226
00:21:55,630 --> 00:21:56,670
muscle contraction

227
00:21:59,910 --> 00:22:09,630
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†

228
00:22:09,630 --> 00:22:16,050
ุชูŠุชู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠูƒู„ ู…ุฑุชุจุท

229
00:22:16,050 --> 00:22:22,510
ู…ุน ู…ูŠูˆุณูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุณุงุณูŠุง ู…ู„ุชุจุงุช ู„ู„ู…ูŠูˆุณูŠู†

230
00:22:22,510 --> 00:22:29,110
ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒุชู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุชู…ู„ุงุก overlap ู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุณูŠู†

231
00:22:29,110 --> 00:22:31,890
ูˆูŠุญุฏุซ shortening of the muscle and muscle

232
00:22:31,890 --> 00:22:39,150
contraction molecular characteristics of filaments

233
00:22:39,150 --> 00:22:44,030
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ myosin and actin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุงู„

234
00:22:44,030 --> 00:22:52,010
myofibril ู…ูŠุณูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠูƒู„ ู‡ูˆ thick filament ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ

235
00:22:52,010 --> 00:22:58,530
ุงูŠู‡ุŸ thick filament ุงู„ .. it is composed of six

236
00:22:58,530 --> 00:23:05,990
polypeptide polypeptide chains ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† heavy

237
00:23:05,990 --> 00:23:12,420
chains ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ headูˆ ุงู„ tail ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ head

238
00:23:12,420 --> 00:23:16,960
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ head ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ tail ู‡ุฏูˆู„ two heavy ูˆุงุญุฏ

239
00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:21,580
ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุงู„ tail ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ tail

240
00:23:21,580 --> 00:23:26,300
ุงูˆ ุงู„ tail ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ุงู„ head ุจุชุงุนู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ two heavy

241
00:23:26,990 --> 00:23:35,130
and four light chains ูˆ 4 light ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู„ู„

242
00:23:35,130 --> 00:23:40,650
head of the molecule or filament ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ

243
00:23:40,650 --> 00:23:47,050
ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„

244
00:23:47,050 --> 00:23:52,640
myosin head functions ูˆุงุถูŠูุชู‡ ุงู„ myosin head ู†ูุณ

245
00:23:52,640 --> 00:23:58,340
ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ ATPase enzyme ู†ูุณ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ ATP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ

246
00:23:58,340 --> 00:24:04,240
ุจุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„

247
00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:08,660
myosin molecule ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ actin filament

248
00:24:08,660 --> 00:24:13,020
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒู… ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ thick filament ู‡ูˆ ุงู„

249
00:24:13,020 --> 00:24:19,590
myosin ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ thin moleculeุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ acting

250
00:24:19,590 --> 00:24:25,610
ุงู„ acting ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† composed of actin,

251
00:24:26,650 --> 00:24:31,790
tropomyosin and troponin involved in muscle

252
00:24:31,790 --> 00:24:36,710
contraction and other important cellular processes

253
00:24:36,710 --> 00:24:40,950
ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ูŠุชุจุฑ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ actin filaments ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ thin

254
00:24:40,950 --> 00:24:48,350
filaments ุฏุงุฎู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจูˆ ู…ูŠุงุณูŠู†

255
00:24:48,350 --> 00:24:56,350
ุชุฑุงุจูˆ ู…ูŠุงุณูŠู† ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุดูˆุญุชู„ูƒู… ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ muscle ูˆ

256
00:24:56,350 --> 00:25:01,550
ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ muscle fibers ูˆ ุงู„ myofibrils ุงู„ุขู†

257
00:25:01,550 --> 00:25:07,010
ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ receptors ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ muscle ููŠ

258
00:25:07,010 --> 00:25:12,490
ุฃู†ุง muscle spindles are found in all striated

259
00:25:12,490 --> 00:25:19,590
muscle function ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… monitoring muscle length or

260
00:25:19,590 --> 00:25:25,970
stretch ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฅู† ู‡ุง muscle spindles ูˆููŠู‡

261
00:25:25,970 --> 00:25:33,650
Golgi tendon organs ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนุถู„ุฉ

262
00:25:33,650 --> 00:25:38,410
ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ

263
00:25:38,410 --> 00:25:41,970
ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ

264
00:25:41,970 --> 00:25:43,010
ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ

265
00:25:43,010 --> 00:25:43,890
ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ

266
00:25:43,890 --> 00:25:44,530
ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ

267
00:25:44,530 --> 00:25:44,770
ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ

268
00:25:44,770 --> 00:25:49,680
ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ุงุณู…ู‡ muscle spindles ุงู„ู„ูŠ

269
00:25:49,680 --> 00:25:53,980
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ muscle length ุจุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน

270
00:25:53,980 --> 00:25:58,040
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ Golgi tendon organs ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู„ู„

271
00:25:58,040 --> 00:26:01,620
tendon of the muscle ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ monitoring of muscle

272
00:26:01,620 --> 00:26:02,460
contraction

273
00:26:05,210 --> 00:26:08,050
ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ receptor ุงู„ู„ูŠ

274
00:26:08,050 --> 00:26:10,910
ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ู… muscle spindles ุทุจ ูˆ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ

275
00:26:10,910 --> 00:26:14,730
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ tendons ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Golgi tendon

276
00:26:14,730 --> 00:26:18,910
organs ุงู„ Golgi tendon organs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„

277
00:26:18,910 --> 00:26:23,410
muscle contraction ุฃู…ุง muscle spindles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ

278
00:26:23,410 --> 00:26:28,230
ุจุงู„ length and stretch of the muscle ู‡ู†ุง ุฌุงุจู„ู†ุง

279
00:26:28,230 --> 00:26:33,550
ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ biceps muscle ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ

280
00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:39,820
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction

281
00:26:39,820 --> 00:26:45,380
ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุญุฏุซ muscle contractionุŸ ููŠ action potential

282
00:26:45,380 --> 00:26:51,480
ุงู„ action potential travels along a motor nerve

283
00:26:51,480 --> 00:26:56,360
ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ nerve impulse ู…ุน ุงู„ motor nerve

284
00:26:56,360 --> 00:27:02,680
fibers ุจุชุตู„ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ endings of muscle fibers ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„

285
00:27:02,680 --> 00:27:06,720
neuromuscular junction ู„ุญุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ neuromuscular

286
00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:14,420
junction at each ending ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู†ูŠุฑู ุณูŠูƒุฑูŠุชุฒ

287
00:27:14,420 --> 00:27:21,120
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ presynaptic ุจุชู… ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌ ุงู„ neurotransmitters

288
00:27:21,120 --> 00:27:25,720
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ูŠู†ุŸ acetylcholine ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ

289
00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:31,180
vesicles ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ acetylcholine ุจุชุชุญุฏ ู…ุน

290
00:27:31,180 --> 00:27:36,940
ุงู„ acetylcholine receptors ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนู…ู„

291
00:27:36,940 --> 00:27:43,300
stimulation ู„ู„ opening of sodium channels ููŠ

292
00:27:43,300 --> 00:27:47,740
ุณุงุฑูƒูˆู„ูŠู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ action potential action

293
00:27:47,740 --> 00:27:51,260
potential ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ depolarization

294
00:27:51,260 --> 00:27:59,060
ุงู„ action potential ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ ุงู„ muscle fibers

295
00:28:01,680 --> 00:28:07,340
ุจุตู„ุฉ Transverse Tube ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง T-Tubule ุฃูˆ T-Tube

296
00:28:07,340 --> 00:28:13,000
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ Sarcoplasmic Reticulum System ู‡ุฐุง

297
00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:18,100
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ Calcium Release Channels ููŠ ุงู„

298
00:28:18,100 --> 00:28:22,920
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ Opening of

299
00:28:22,920 --> 00:28:28,240
Calcium Channels ูˆุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ calcium ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ู„

300
00:28:28,240 --> 00:28:33,200
contraction of the muscle ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠูˆุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„

301
00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:38,480
opening of calcium channels ูˆูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ a opening of

302
00:28:38,480 --> 00:28:47,440
calcium to diffuse rapidly in the sarcoplasm ุฏุฎู„ูŠ

303
00:28:47,440 --> 00:28:51,080
ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ sarcoplasm ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ุจุชุชุญุฏ ู…ุน

304
00:28:51,080 --> 00:28:56,520
ุงู„ุชุฑูˆุจูˆู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ change ููŠ its shape ุจุชุงุน

305
00:28:56,520 --> 00:29:01,950
ุงู„ุชุฑูˆุจูˆู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู„ู„ Tropomyosin ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„

306
00:29:01,950 --> 00:29:08,140
Actins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ thin filaments ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰

307
00:29:08,140 --> 00:29:13,760
ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ thin actin ูˆ ุงู„ thick myosin ุจูŠุญุฏุซ

308
00:29:13,760 --> 00:29:19,480
overlap ู„ ุงู„ actins ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ myosin ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰

309
00:29:19,480 --> 00:29:26,580
shortening of the muscle fibers and myofibrils ูˆ ู„

310
00:29:26,580 --> 00:29:31,130
muscle contraction muscle ุงูŠู‡ contraction ู‡ุฐู‡

311
00:29:31,130 --> 00:29:34,150
ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ presynaptic

312
00:29:34,150 --> 00:29:39,630
ูˆุณุท ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ุน nerve fibers ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ููŠู‡ vesicles

313
00:29:39,630 --> 00:29:44,070
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ vesicles ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง acetylcholine ุงู„

314
00:29:44,070 --> 00:29:47,190
acetylcholine ุจุชู… ุฅูุฑุงุฒู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ presynaptic

315
00:29:47,190 --> 00:29:51,810
vesicles ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูŠุฑูˆ ุชุฑุงู†ุณู…ุชุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ Acetylcholine ุชู…

316
00:29:51,810 --> 00:29:54,870
ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุฅู† ุงู„ neurotransmitter ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

317
00:29:54,870 --> 00:29:59,410
Acetylcholine ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุชุญุฏ ุงู„ Acetylcholine ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

318
00:29:59,410 --> 00:30:04,470
Acetylcholine ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑุฒ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู„ ุงู„

319
00:30:04,470 --> 00:30:08,790
muscle fibers ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญุฏุซ opening ู„ ุงู„

320
00:30:08,790 --> 00:30:13,670
sodium channels ูˆ ุจุชุญุฏุซ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ depolarization

321
00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:17,720
ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุฑุงุญ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ nerve fibers ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„

322
00:30:17,720 --> 00:30:18,640
muscle fibers

323
00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:27,420
action potential ุจูŠุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู† ุฏุฎูˆู„ ู„ T tube ุฃูˆ T

324
00:30:27,420 --> 00:30:32,880
tubule ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

325
00:30:32,880 --> 00:30:38,860
opening of calcium channels ุงู„ calcium channels ุฑุงุญ

326
00:30:38,860 --> 00:30:43,320
ูŠููˆุช ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุฑูƒูˆู„ูŠู…ุง ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ muscle

327
00:30:43,320 --> 00:30:48,040
contraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง okay ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡

328
00:30:48,040 --> 00:30:53,130
ุดุฑุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ููŠ slideูŠู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ muscle

329
00:30:53,130 --> 00:30:59,050
contraction ุทุจ what is the mechanism of skeletal

330
00:30:59,050 --> 00:31:03,710
muscle relaxationุŸ muscle relaxation after muscle

331
00:31:03,710 --> 00:31:10,350
contraction ุจุชุญุฏุซ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ stop ูˆ closure ู„ ุงู„

332
00:31:10,350 --> 00:31:14,090
sodium and potassium channels ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡

333
00:31:14,090 --> 00:31:17,210
ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุฑุงุญ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ nerve fibers ู„ู„ muscle

334
00:31:17,210 --> 00:31:20,870
ู…ุฏุงู… ู…ุง ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุชุด ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ nerve fibers ู„ู„

335
00:31:20,870 --> 00:31:25,410
muscle ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ closure ู„ ุงู„ calcium

336
00:31:25,410 --> 00:31:32,350
channels ุจูŠู‚ู„ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ calcium ููŠ ุงู„ sarcolema ููŠ ุงู„

337
00:31:32,350 --> 00:31:37,810
sarcoplasmic reticulum ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ muscle

338
00:31:37,810 --> 00:31:45,450
relaxation muscle tone Skeletal muscle tone ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ

339
00:31:45,450 --> 00:31:52,910
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† certain amount of firmness remains in a

340
00:31:52,910 --> 00:31:55,990
muscle at rest ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ูุญุตุช ุงู„ muscle tone

341
00:31:55,990 --> 00:31:58,730
ุจุจุญุซ ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุงูุญุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ elbow

342
00:31:58,730 --> 00:32:02,890
ุจุชุนู…ู„ passive flexion and passive

343
00:32:02,890 --> 00:32:06,590
extension ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† normal muscle tone ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†

344
00:32:06,590 --> 00:32:10,650
muscle hypertonia ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุงูŠู‡ ุชูŠุจุณ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุญุฑูƒ ููŠ

345
00:32:10,650 --> 00:32:13,970
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุดุฏ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ muscle hypertonia

346
00:32:14,670 --> 00:32:22,630
ุงู„ุฑู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„ ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„

347
00:32:22,630 --> 00:32:30,250
ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ ุนู‚ู„ Signal transmitted

348
00:32:30,250 --> 00:32:35,830
from the brain to the appropriate motor neurons in

349
00:32:35,830 --> 00:32:39,910
the anterior horns of the spinal cord ุฃูˆ Signal that

350
00:32:39,910 --> 00:32:44,950
originate in the muscle spindles located in the

351
00:32:44,950 --> 00:32:48,550
muscle itself ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ muscle tone ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡

352
00:32:48,550 --> 00:32:51,170
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ muscle spindles ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„

353
00:32:51,170 --> 00:32:55,570
muscle ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ nerve signal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„

354
00:32:55,570 --> 00:32:57,470
anterior horns of

355
00:33:04,650 --> 00:33:09,470
ุฃูˆ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† muscle atrophy muscle atrophy

356
00:33:09,470 --> 00:33:17,200
due to reduction of stimulation ุจูŠุญุฏุซ decrease ููŠ ุงู„

357
00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:22,320
muscle mass tone and power ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู…ุฏุงู… ุญุฏุซ ุฃู…ุฑ ููŠ

358
00:33:22,320 --> 00:33:28,580
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฑุงุญ ูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ muscle mass ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุชู‚ู„ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุงู„

359
00:33:28,580 --> 00:33:32,260
tone ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ูŠู‚ู„ ูˆ ุงู„ power ุฑุงุญ ูŠุถุนู

360
00:33:32,260 --> 00:33:36,690
ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ muscle becomes flaccidุŒ ุจุชุญุฏุซ flaccidity

361
00:33:36,690 --> 00:33:42,590
ููŠ ุงู„ muscle fibers ูˆ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ decrease ููŠ ุงู„ size of

362
00:33:42,590 --> 00:33:47,570
muscle fibers and becomes weakerุŒ ุจุชุญุฏุซ ุชูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠูุฉ

363
00:33:47,570 --> 00:33:54,420
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ muscle atrophy Temporary

364
00:33:54,420 --> 00:33:58,680
reduction in muscle use ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู†

365
00:33:58,680 --> 00:34:04,120
ุถู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† disuse ุนุฏู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุซู„

366
00:34:04,120 --> 00:34:07,620
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู„ู‡ู… ุฌุจุณ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุช ุฑุฌู„ ูˆูŠุญุทูˆู„ู‡ ุฌุจุณ ุจุนุฏ

367
00:34:07,620 --> 00:34:10,960
ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงูŠุด ุนู„ุงุฌ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุฏุซ

368
00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:14,880
contracture ููŠ ุงู„ joint ูˆูŠุญุฏุซ ุถุนู ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ูŠุด ุญุฏุซ

369
00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:20,720
ุถุนู ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… due to disuse ู…ุซู„

370
00:34:20,720 --> 00:34:25,570
atrophy ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ hypertrophy ุจูŠุญุฏุซ increase in

371
00:34:25,570 --> 00:34:30,830
muscle fiber size ุฎุงุตุฉ

372
00:34:30,830 --> 00:34:33,710
ููŠ ุงู„ repetitive stimulation of muscle fibers

373
00:34:33,710 --> 00:34:41,670
ู„ู„ู…ูŠุชูˆูƒูˆู†ุฏุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ glycogen ูˆ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„

374
00:34:41,670 --> 00:34:44,870
ability to produce ATP ูˆ ู…ุง ุฏุงู… ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ ATP ู…ู…ูƒู†

375
00:34:44,870 --> 00:34:49,250
ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ู†ุง ุชุถุฎู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ hypertrophy ู…ุตุฑ

376
00:34:49,250 --> 00:34:53,350
hypertrophy ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† true hypertrophy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุถุฎู…

377
00:34:53,350 --> 00:34:57,310
ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู…ุงุฑุณ ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† pseudo

378
00:34:57,310 --> 00:35:02,580
hypertrophy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุถุฎู… ูƒุงุฐุจ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุนู†

379
00:35:02,580 --> 00:35:07,340
Deposition of Fat ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช Duchenne

380
00:35:07,340 --> 00:35:09,780
Muscular Dystrophy ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุถู…ูˆุฑ ููŠ

381
00:35:09,780 --> 00:35:13,860
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ Leg Muscles ู…ุชุถุฎู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

382
00:35:13,860 --> 00:35:17,180
ุจูŠุดูˆู ุฑูˆุญุงู† ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ู…ุชุถุฎู…ุฉ ุนุถู„ุชู‡ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ ุถุนูŠูุฉ

383
00:35:17,180 --> 00:35:22,500
ุฌุฏุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ muscle fibers ู…ูƒุงู†

384
00:35:22,500 --> 00:35:28,310
ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ูŠุฉ ุญู„ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุฏู‡ู†ูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡

385
00:35:28,310 --> 00:35:34,290
ุชุถุฎู… ูƒ

401
00:36:36,100 --> 00:36:38,730
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑุจู„ุงุฒูŠุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ููŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฑุญู… ุฑุณู…ูŠุงู‹ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… 

402
00:36:38,730 --> 00:36:41,210
ุนู† ู…ุฑุถ ุฑุงุญ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡  ุทูŠุจูŠู† ุฅู† 

403
00:36:41,210 --> 00:36:45,990
ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุงูŠุณุชูŠู†ูŠุง ุบุฑุงููŠุณ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† autoimmune

404
00:36:45,990 --> 00:36:51,250
disorder characterized by progressive muscular

405
00:36:51,250 --> 00:36:55,360
fatigability ุฃูŠ ู…ุณูƒูˆู„ุงุฑ ูุงุชู‚ุงุจูŠู„ุชูŠุŸ skeletal

406
00:36:55,360 --> 00:36:58,040
muscular fatigability ุจูŠุตูŠุจ skeletal muscle only

407
00:36:58,040 --> 00:37:02,460
caused by reduction in the numbers and functions

408
00:37:02,460 --> 00:37:07,980
of acetylcholine receptors ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุญุฏุซ circulation ู„

409
00:37:07,980 --> 00:37:10,820
antibodiesุŒ ุงู„ู€ antibodies ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ู‡ุงุฌู…ุฉ

410
00:37:10,820 --> 00:37:15,800
ุงู„ู€acetylcholine ู…ุฏุงู… ุชู…ุช ู…ู‡ุงุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ acetylcholine

411
00:37:15,800 --> 00:37:19,660
receptors ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ nerve impulse ู…ุงุฑุญ ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

412
00:37:19,660 --> 00:37:23,580
nerve endings ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ muscle fibers ูˆุจูŠุญุฏุซ

413
00:37:23,580 --> 00:37:28,240
fatigability ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ู…ุฑุถ ูˆู‡ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆู‡ู† 

414
00:37:28,240 --> 00:37:33,140
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช Okay ุงู„ู€ slide ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Duchene

415
00:37:33,140 --> 00:37:38,420
muscular dystrophy ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ mutation of

416
00:37:38,420 --> 00:37:41,620
dystrophin gene ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ ุฏู…ูˆุน ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถ ุฏูˆ ุดูŠู†

417
00:37:41,620 --> 00:37:45,520
ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ mutation ุทูุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€

418
00:37:45,520 --> 00:37:49,740
dystrophin gene ุงู„ู€ dystrophin ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

419
00:37:49,740 --> 00:37:54,580
muscle function ูŠุนุชุจุฑ large actin bending protein

420
00:37:54,580 --> 00:37:59,570
located just inside of sarcolema of the skeletal

421
00:37:59,570 --> 00:38:03,750
muscle fibers ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู€ growth of muscle ู„ู€ function

422
00:38:03,750 --> 00:38:08,550
organization of myofibril ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ 

423
00:38:08,550 --> 00:38:12,410
progressive weakness atrophy of the muscle fibers

424
00:38:12,410 --> 00:38:16,870
ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… muscle hypertrophy

425
00:38:17,190 --> 00:38:20,970
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… muscular dystrophy type

426
00:38:20,970 --> 00:38:25,770
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง wheelchair dependent ุนู„ู‰ ุณู† ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉ

427
00:38:25,770 --> 00:38:30,750
ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ูƒุฑุณูŠ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ ุจูŠุนูŠุดูˆุง ู„ุญุฏ ุซู…ุงู†ุชุงุดุฑ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ 

428
00:38:30,750 --> 00:38:33,830
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงุฑ ุจูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงูŠุด ุจุชูˆููˆุงุŸ ุจุชูˆููˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

429
00:38:33,830 --> 00:38:39,270
respiratory failure and sepsis ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ูˆุตู„ู†ุง

430
00:38:39,270 --> 00:38:43,510
ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุนุดุฑ ูˆูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ

431
00:38:43,510 --> 00:38:47,550
ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ neuro anatomy and neurophysiology

432
00:38:47,550 --> 00:38:50,630
ุฏู…ุชู… 

433
00:38:50,630 --> 00:38:54,710
ุจุฎูŠุฑ ูˆ ุณุงู…ุญูˆู†ุง ุฅู† ู‚ุตู‘ุฑู†ุง ู…ุนูƒู… ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ