terms from foreign languages used in mathematics (page images version)

terms from foreign languages used in mathematics (page images version)

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Following are from foreign that appear in mathematical literature. Each (TeX tabular) contains from the foreign indicated. The foreign are ordered according to how many appear in its corresponding . In each , the are listed in alphabetical .

1

Latin

abbr.

literal

mathematical usage

a fortiori

with stronger reason

used in logic to denote an

to the effect that

because one ascertained fact exists;

therefore another which is

included in it or analogous to is

and is less improbable, unusual,

or surprising must also exist

a priori

from the former

already known/assumed

ad absurdum

to absurdity

an

assumption

is made in hopes of

obtaining a

contradiction

[

reductio ad absurdum

is also used]

ad infinitum

to

infinity

endlessly, infinitely

casus irreducibilis

not-reducible case

roots real but not

expressible via real

http://planetmath.org/Radical5

radicals

cf.

confer

compare

used to suggest that another

work might also be consulted

in to that

et al.

et alii

and others

used in multi-author references

but it is customary to include

all the authors in the first

citation and/or in the

bibliography

e.g.

exempli gratia

for example’s sake

for example

ibid.

ibidem

in the same

relates to the

immediately prior

i.e.

id est

that is

that is

inf

inferior

,

infimum

lowest

limit inferior

;

greatest lower bound

inter alia

among other things

among other things

loc. cit.

loco citato

in the already mentioned

relates to before the

immediately prior citation

[probably less frequent

than op. cit.]

lb

logarithmus binaris

binary logarithm

log. in base 2

lg

logarithmus generalis

general

logarithm

log. in base 10

ln

logarithmus naturalis

natural logarithm

log. in base

e

mutatis mutandis

once changing thing to be changed

repeat the

for the related case

N.B.

nota bene

note well

the following is important

op. cit.

opere citato

in the work already mentioned

relates to before the

immediately prior citation

[probably more frequent

than loc. cit.]

QED

quod erat demonstrandum

which was to be demonstrated

end of proof

QEF

quod erat faciendum

which was to be done

end of construction

regula falsi

rule of false position

Newton’s method

sine qua non

without which it could not be

an essential condition

or

element

; an indispensable thing

sup

superior

,

supremum

uppermost

limit superior

,

http://planetmath.org/LowestUpperBound

least

upper bound

viz

videlicet

that is to say, namely

a keynote abbreviation

2

German

abbr.

literal

mathematical usage

Ansatz

approach, attempt

assumed form for an expression

eigen

, typical

eigenvalue; eigenvector

Grösse, Größe

size, magnitude

Grössencharacter

im kleinen

in the small

connected im kleinen

Nullstellensatz

zero point

zero point

Stufe

stair,

stufe of a field

Urelement

primeval element

set element which is not a set

V

,

K

4

Vierergruppe

four-group

Klein 4-group

ℤ

Zahlen

numbers

integers

Z

Zentrum

http://planetmath.org/GroupCentre

center

http://planetmath.org/GroupCentre

center (of a group)

3

French

abbr.

literal

mathematical usage

espace

space

(topological) space [see Espace Étalé]

étale

slack

étale

fundamental group

;

http://planetmath.org/Etale

étale

morphism

; étale site

étalé

spread out, displayed

http://planetmath.org/EtaleSpace3

Étalé space

p.p.

presque partout

almost everywhere

http://planetmath.org/AlmostSurely

almost everywhere

4

Russian

abbr.

literal

mathematical usage

∂

italic ‘‘д’’ [may be pronounced ‘‘doh’’]

letter ‘‘d’’

e.g. in

∂

⁡

f

∂

⁡

x

[see

partial derivative

]

Title

terms from foreign

languages

used in mathematics (page images version)

Canonical name

TermsFromForeignLanguagesUsedInMathematicspageImagesVersion

Date of creation

2013-03-22 16:06:45

Last modified on

2013-03-22 16:06:45

Owner

Wkbj79 (1863)

Last modified by

Wkbj79 (1863)

Numerical id

37

Author

Wkbj79 (1863)

Entry type

Topic

Classification

msc 00A20

Classification

msc 00A99

Related topic

TermsFromForeignLanguagesUsedInMathematics

Related topic

MathematicsVocabulary

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