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+[
+ {
+ "url": "https://cboard.cprogramming.com/cplusplus-programming/91825-boost-threads%3B-how-do-i-get-thread-yield-after-specified-amount-time-2-print.html",
+ "domain": "cboard.cprogramming.com",
+ "file_source": "part-00688-d9b45f53-efdc-4ae8-a3e4-b1d5d9e13869-c000",
+ "content": "\r\n\r\n\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t Boost threads; how do I get a thread to yield after a specified amount of time\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n
It's simple: since standard C++ currently doesn't even acknowledge the existence of threads, the standard makes no mention of them whatsoever, nor of thread safety issues. The thread safety of components is therefore completely up to the implementation. \n \nApparently MS's implementation is thread-safe (or as thread-safe as the shared-state cout can possibly be), while GCC's is not.
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07-20-2007
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\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally Posted by pheres\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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one thing to add: never use cout from parallel threads, because it's not thread safe. you should prefer printf in this case.
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But if a thread obtains a lock on the Mutex associated with IO (locking before it uses cout, and unlocking afterwards) which is a shared resource, then the code becomes thread safe, correct?
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07-20-2007
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But if a thread obtains a lock on the Mutex associated with IO (locking before it uses cout, and unlocking afterwards) which is a shared resource, then the code becomes thread safe, correct?
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That's sort of the point. For a library function/object to be thread safe, it would need to function correctly even if the code using it does not protect access to it. cout is not thread safe so, if it is to be used from multiple threads, it must be protected. \r\n \r\nIt is often very difficult (sometimes impossible) for a library function or object (which is logically represented by a set of interacting functions that share some data) to protect itself against access from multiple threads. So the responsibility for serialising access falls on the code which uses it.
Hey guys \r\n \r\nC++ is the default langauge when you create a project, but is there an option to set it as C? \r\n \r\nYou could place .c after the file name but I was wondering is there an acutal option that will compile all code as .c and not .cpp? \r\n \r\nThanks in advance :)
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05-21-2008
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You can set each individual file in the compile options for that file whether you want it to compile as C or C++. The command line option is /TC or /TP (or something like that). \r\n \r\nObviously, creating the files with the right extension (and renaming them if need be) is the best option, because it can be quite confusing to someone else if they are reading the code and seeing a .cpp file, which is then expected to be compiled as C (or the other way around). \r\n \r\n-- \r\nMats
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05-21-2008
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Yes, project options -> C/C++ -> Advanced. You'll spot it. \nI don't recommend compiling .cpp files as C, or the other way around though. Might confuse people. \n \nBut I don't think you can specify C when you create the project, though. \nNevertheless, I don't see why you need C. Just do your code in C++/C. Much, much safer.
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05-21-2008
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\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally Posted by Elysia\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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Nevertheless, I don't see why you need C. Just do your code in C++/C. Much, much safer.
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Some people need to reuse legacy code in new projects. Setting an option is easier than a rewrite to fix incompatabilities between C and C++.
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05-21-2008
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I think it's better to compile that code as C instead and keeping the rest as C++/C. Break it out into a new function, if possible. \nThat is what I would do anyway, although no one else is forced to do the same.
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05-21-2008
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Thats what the OP is trying to do, get his C code to compile as C code, at least thats how I percieved the isue. He doesnt really specify why he is trying to do it, so it could be anything, even an instructors requirement.
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05-21-2008
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Yeah, I already answered that one, but... \nFor a new project that uses C, it's better to do C++/C, and if you need to use legacy C code that won't compile as C++, it can be put inside a .c file and possible broken into a function and called from the C++/C code. That's what I was referring to. \n \nI took is as the OP wants the compile the entire project as C.
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05-21-2008
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Yeah, its more difficult when they already have a solution in mind and want help implimenting that solution, when it would be better to discuss the problem so that the best solution could be discussed. My boss does this to me all the time, then wonders why his solution didnt solve the problem, when my assignment wasnt to solve the problem, often I don teven know what the problem is, just teh solution he wants implimented.
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+ },
+ {
+ "url": "https://cboard.cprogramming.com/cplusplus-programming/61148-need-help-dev-cplusplus-printable-thread.html",
+ "domain": "cboard.cprogramming.com",
+ "file_source": "part-00352-d9b45f53-efdc-4ae8-a3e4-b1d5d9e13869-c000",
+ "content": "\r\n\r\n\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t Need help with DEV C++\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n
Before like 2 months I started learning C++ but had to stop, now I'm trying to restart learning, so I downloaded Dev C++ like the site said but when I try to run programs (yes I compile them first, I use the Compile and run button), in the error window it says: \r\nLine Message \r\n2 unable to run program file. \r\n \r\nand it can't be a problem in the code, all of them worked when I programmed them 2 months ago, and even if I take an example from the sites tutorial it dosen't work... \r\n \r\nPlease help someone... thanks ahead
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01-29-2005
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Never mind I solved the problem myself...
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01-29-2005
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Can you write how - it'll help other people...
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01-30-2005
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Ahh ok, it was pretty exedently, I tried looking for the compiler options or stuff like that so I will look for the problem, so I went to tools --> Compiler options, chose the Directories tab, and then I tried looking the tabs there, I didn't really knew what it meant so I just prest OK but it told me that I didn't enter a Binary Directory (or something like that, don't remember) so I went to the Binaries tab and I saw it was empty, so I added a new directory to the binary tab, and chose in it the folder: "bin"... =\\ and it worked
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHello everyone, \r\n \r\n \r\n1. \r\n \r\nC# has integer types, int, int32, int64 and long. In my understanding, int32 is always 32-bit, int64 and long are always 64-bit. \r\n \r\nMy understanding correct? \r\n \r\n2. \r\n \r\nHow about int? Is it 32-bit or 64-bit or depends on how we build application (build as 32-bit? build as 64-bit or any CPU?) \r\n \r\n \r\nthanks in advance, \r\nGeorge\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
He who asks is a fool for five minutes, but he who does not ask remains a fool forever. \r\n \r\nThe fool wonders, the wise man asks. - Benjamin Disraeli \r\n \r\nThere are no foolish questions and no man becomes a fool until he has stopped asking questions. Charles Steinmetz
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe difference between int and int32 is that int32 is GUARANTEED to be 32 bits, whilst for example a future compiler may decide that int is better off being a 64-bit integer (for example because those are handled FASTER than 32-bit integers in that model of machine). \r\n \r\nSo if you have a situation where you want the size to be precise, use int32 or int64. If you just need "some integer that works for 32-bit or larger numbers", then use int. \r\n \r\nThe situations where you need defined sizes are when you communicate outside your own unit, for example in sockets, files and such, or talking to hardware registers [unlikely in C#, but as a general rule it applies], modules that are outside of your source control (DLL's for example). \r\n \r\n-- \r\nMats\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Compilers can produce warnings - make the compiler programmers happy: Use them! \r\nPlease don't PM me for help - and no, I don't do help over instant messengers.
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\twhilst for example a future compiler may decide that int is better off being a 64-bit integer\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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Not in the Net environment, as I understand - there the type lengths are fixed across all compilers, languages and OSes that support Net - ensure that all remote procedure calls (around language, comps, OSes boundaries) will succeded\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
All problems in computer science can be solved by another level of indirection, \r\nexcept for the problem of too many layers of indirection. \r\n– David J. Wheeler
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThanks DanFraser, Mats and vart, \r\n \r\n \r\n
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Not in the Net environment, as I understand - there the type lengths are fixed across all compilers, languages and OSes that support Net - ensure that all remote procedure calls (around language, comps, OSes boundaries) will succeded
Hi, \r\n I am using a Borland C++ Compiler V 5.02, I know its pretty old, but it still supports win32. I just recently wanted to get my programs to run under windows instead of in the dos prompt. I found the code needed to do so, but I have a few questions. 1) How can I get text into this box, such as a text box or just text on the screen. 2) How can I place buttons in this window? I have programmed in the necessary windows mouse support. 3) I'm sure this is asked all the time on these boards, but how can I get graphics incorporated into my programs (just pictures, nothing animated)? \r\n \r\nThanks, any help would be great. \r\n \r\nDeadMan
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02-06-2002
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Buy this. You will find answers.. Win32 programming takes a lot of learning and this is the best starting point. You will be hard pushed even if someone here gave you some code to fit it in with yours if you do not have the necessary understanding.
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02-06-2002
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try downloading the win32 api reference here: \r\nhttp://www.bloodshed.net/dev/docs/doc_win32.html \r\n \r\nand maybe take a look at a few of the other links. \r\n \r\nThe reference is slightly dated but the basic stuff is all there and it's a much smaller download the latest platform SDK docs. \r\n \r\nI think there might even be some links to some free .pdf books on the subject in some old threads around here.
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02-07-2002
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Thanks, I'll definately check it out. \r\n \r\nDeadMan
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHey, \r\n \r\nI have been having a strange problem for the last couple of days. I create code with a native code compiler (the code should be valid checked it a couple of times) and then I want to execute that Code. I am using a PowerPC microcontroller with some kind of linux OS. So I am running a C program where I have a Byte array containing the native Code. Then I do the usual trick where I create a function pointer to that array and call that function. When I debug/start this program I have the following behaviour: \r\n \r\n1. Debug with Breakpoint at native code call and single stepping: \r\nI start at the function call and step through my native Code operatior for operation. My crated native code is executed perfectly everything is fine. \r\n \r\n2. Debug without Breakpoint \r\nProgram halts at the first instruction (depending on native code, sometimes a later instructions but always another instruction i.e. not alway LD or ST or whatever) with the error SIGILL (Illegal Instruction) \r\n \r\n3. Executing of binary file \r\nProgram terminates with SIGILL \r\n \r\nI am using GDBServer for remote debugging. Additionally at the second case, I checked the instruction I checked the registers and I checked the memory everything seems to be ok. I can not figure out why my program works with single stepping but not when I execute it normally... \r\n \r\nAlso here is part of my code, I know it is not much but that is basically what I do. I have a prepared NC array which represents a C function (the code works when I execute it as Assembler instructions). \r\n \r\n
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAs it turns out, the problem seems to be the memory address in which the code is stored. I am going to save you the details but if I copy my NC to a certain memory address and then again try to execute it then my program works fine. \r\n \r\nI know that there is something like a never execute bit on most microcontroller which makes it impossible to execute code that is stored at certain memory addresses. This is done to protect the operating system. Does anybody know how I can remove that security mechanism? I am using a PowerPC MPC5200 with a linux on it. \r\n \r\nAgain help would be very much appreciated =D\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tI know that there is something like a never execute bit on most microcontroller which makes it impossible to execute code that is stored at certain memory addresses. This is done to protect the operating system. Does anybody know how I can remove that security mechanism? I am using a PowerPC MPC5200 with a linux on it.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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This is not a microcontroller issue but a Linux issue. Linux will not allow your to write to memory that is not assigned to your program (Linux runs in protected mode). You can not assume that the memory address that you see in your program maps to the actual physical memory (Linux uses virtual memory). \n \nJim\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tand the hat of int overfl\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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NAME \n mprotect - set protection on a region of memory \n \nSYNOPSIS \n #include <sys/mman.h> \n \n int mprotect(const void *addr, size_t len, int prot);
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Use this to mark your memory as being executable.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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As it turns out, the problem seems to be the memory address in which the code is stored. I am going to save you the details but if I copy my NC to a certain memory address and then again try to execute it then my program works fine. \r\n \r\n \r\nI know that there is something like a never execute bit on most microcontroller which makes it impossible to execute code that is stored at certain memory addresses. This is done to protect the operating system. Does anybody know how I can remove that security mechanism? I am using a PowerPC MPC5200 with a linux on it. \r\n \r\nAgain help would be very much appreciated =D
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A possible cause could be that you're trying to load instructions on the stack and on most OSes the stack is not executable.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUmmm... does your compiler for that PIC not support inline assembly? \r\n \r\nSeems to me you'd save yourself a lot of trouble if you created an _asm routine for that code and called it like a regular C function.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHey, \n \nThanks for all the already very helpful advice. Basically I integrated an Native Code Compiler into a Runtime Environment which is executed on the powerpc linux microcontroller. so when a program is downloaded onto the microcontroller the source is a intermediate code representation and within the runtime environment I translate that intermediate code into native code and then execute it. So what I do is basically calculate how much memory I need to store all the native code, then create a big enough byte array and fill it with the native code. \n \nI have to use the runtimeenvironment malloc and free functions, they work a bit different then normal malloc, on initialization of the RTE it reserves a lot of memory and then when a RTEMalloc is called it manages that reserved memory. But I do not think that I am storing the code on the stack =D \n \nI am going to get started on the advice you gave me, I hope I can fix it today =D Thx =D\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tand the hat of int overfl\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t> I think that might have something to do with mprotext returning 0xff instead of 0 \nI think looking at errno would tell you more than "it doesn't work".\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tyep just did that and figured out where my problem was. The man page I looked at sayd I can specify any mem address, but as it turns out I need to align in with mempage size. So I have done that, but sadly even after marking my memory as executable I receive SIGILL at the first instruction... So I am completely lost again. \r\n \r\nI just don't get it everything is finde when I look at the debug information...\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIs there a way to mark memory as Read/Write/Executable and not only one of them? Because mprotect replaces the protection and does not add them up, so depending on where exactly the pointer is a lot of memory is executable and not anymore writable/readable.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI think normally, you would allocate a single large (a multiple of page size) block for your code and manage the permissions on that using some wrapper functions. \n \nMemory with rwx permissions is going back to the bad old days of self modifying code.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Hey, \r\n \r\nThanks for all the already very helpful advice. Basically I integrated an Native Code Compiler into a Runtime Environment which is executed on the powerpc linux microcontroller. so when a program is downloaded onto the microcontroller the source is a intermediate code representation and within the runtime environment I translate that intermediate code into native code and then execute it. So what I do is basically calculate how much memory I need to store all the native code, then create a big enough byte array and fill it with the native code.
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Are you generating hex files that are downloaded into the chip thro' a programmer? \r\nDescribe the exact process you're using to burn the code into the microcontroller. \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by m00ni\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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I have to use the runtimeenvironment malloc and free functions, they work a bit different then normal malloc, on initialization of the RTE it reserves a lot of memory and then when a RTEMalloc is called it manages that reserved memory. But I do not think that I am storing the code on the stack =D \r\n \r\nI am going to get started on the advice you gave me, I hope I can fix it today =D Thx =D
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If you are malloc()'ing, the code is in the data segment, which by default is not executable. \r\nUse mprotect() as stated or detail the process you're using as it ain't clear what you're trying.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHey, \n \nAlright I am going to describe it in more deatail now. I have a PowerPC microcontroller with some kind of linux on it. On this microcontroller runs a RTE which is written in C. Now the normal way that we use that microcontroller is the following: On the PC we have a software wich allows us to write code with 5 different programming languages for microcontroller, the programs will then get translated into an immediate code representation and native code if requested before the compile process. When I transfer the code to the microcontroller the RTE will download the code store it somewhere and then execute it. So when I download native code into the RTE and execute it (the memory where the native code is stored is allocated with the RTEMALLOC function which is a bit different then normal malloc, i ll explain a bit further down). So after the download I have native code and intermediate code within the RTE. Normally the native code is now executed as the program for the microcontroller. But in order to get more performance out of the code I am trying to implement a native code compiler which runs whithin the RTE, that means I read the intermediate code and compile it again to native code, although this time I link data and code, which means I do not need so many instructions to calculate memory addresses and call destinations for example. This should speed up the execution of my native code. So after the compile process I have 3 kinds of code on the microcontroller: Intermediate code, which nobody cares for anymore after the compile process, native code, which has been downloaded to the mc, and native code which has been created locally. \nSo basically only the two kinds of native code are interesting, for testing I use code which results in the same native code for both, to eliminate mistakes from compiling. So the instructions in the two native code arrays are completely identical, the only difference is where they are stored. \nThen I do the usual thing with getting a function pointer on one of the arrays and execute it. When I do this with the downloaded native code everything works perfectly, if I do it with my compiled native code i get sigill at some point, mostly at first instruction. The address difference between the two arrays is not really big, it is like 0x10069xxx and 0x1006Axxx. \n \nSo how does the malloc work on this system: When the RTE is started it allocates a huge array of memory staticly. And then just hands out bits of that memory to everything that requests memory. So both arrays get their memory the exact same way, but one I can execute the other I can't. And yes if I copy my locally crated nc to the downloaded nc position i can execute my nc as long it is in the same memory address range (calls and jumps sometimes jump to other places in the memory because the code for functions is stored in different arrays not the same) \n \nSo I hope you now know what I am doing =D I really could use some help, I spend already two weeks on that stupid problem and the deadline of my thesis is getting closer and closer =D \n \nEDIT: \n
AnfNS is the pointer to my native code and wNsSize is the size of the array. This results in Segmentation fault, probably because I am writing the result from my nc computations back in the memory and the memory is now executable only. I will try to maybe rewrite the MemAlloc for my RTE so that code and data gets allocated in different places. But strangely the memory where the downloaded nc is stored seems to be executable without mprotect...\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMy very minimalistic example works fine now, but as soon as the created code becomes larger I get Sigill in the middle of execution. Is there something wrong with my memory range calculation for mprotect? \n \nTo align with page size I do this to calculate starting address: pointer - pointer % 4096 \nthen I do this for length: array size + pointer % 4096 \n \nThat should cover the whole array, shouldn't it?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
For those who belive we should not invade countries haroboring terioriast since incocent people might die. \r\n \r\nHow many people must loose there life until you relize? How many? How many people need to be killed? How many? How many lives need to be taken until something needs to be done? How many? \r\n \r\nHow long till you relize? How long? How long should we do nothing? How long? How long need we wait? How long? How long to something gets done? How long? \r\n \r\nWhen will you relize? When? When will you figure out that your idea's don't work? When? When will it be when you discover that you your ideas are the cause? When? When will you dicover you are wrong? When?
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09-14-2001
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Though I am certainly not in favor of sitting and letting othersrolling over us, we must remember before we go rolling over other contries, many of the people in those countries are totally innocent. Think about it, why would a governement take the international critisism if it didn't need the presumable income in bribes that terrorists bring in in order to stick around. Before we go smashing other countries we must remeber those civillian innocents are indeed just as innocent as those of our brethren who we now try to gain vengence for, we can't go in and kill them or we're just as low as the scum that attacked us!
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09-15-2001
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>we can't go in and kill them or we're just as low as the scum that attacked us!< \r\n \r\n Sure we can. And I hope we do, because the overwhelming \r\n majority of Americans see this in the exact opposite light. \r\n When you see scum in your bathtub, you clean it with a \r\n powerful cleansing agent. After the scum is rinsed away \r\n and your bathtub is fresh and clean, \r\n you don't look at the cleansing agent as anything other \r\n than what it is: sweet-smelling soap. \r\n \r\n rick barclay
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09-15-2001
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I think that if these organizations go into the desert and rocky terrain than it will require missiles, perhaps even small nuclear missiles in order to flush them out. On the other hand they could use guerilla tactics and hide in highly populated areas such as the cities of Afghanistan. In that case the US and UN will have to commit ground troops. I think that they will do whatever they have to do. \r\n \r\nWhat about the responsibility of these innocients as you call them? Do they have no responsibility in life? What about their responsibility to fight for human rights and to fight against the Taliban? Are you going to go over there and watch over them for the next 10 years and make sure they don't organize another terrorist organization? \r\n \r\nBut the real question is how long until the terrorists get their hands on a nuclear bomb and set it off in New York or Washington or anywhere else in the USA? My guess is about four or five years from now. There are reports that Bin Lauden has acquired plutonium and other components for nuclear bombs. \r\n \r\nYou won't be here five years from now.
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09-15-2001
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> Before we go smashing other countries we must remeber those civillian innocents are indeed just as innocent as those of our brethren who we now try to gain vengence for, we can't go in and kill them or we're just as low as the scum that attacked us! < \r\n \r\nYour right, we cannot just go in and kill everyone we see. We must refrain from intentionally killing innocent civilians. We cannot protect all of the innocent civilians in Afghanistan though. To do so, we would have to be so careful that we would accomplish nothing, and would lose a lot of troops in the process.
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09-15-2001
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This could be a war, not a tea party. If those nations do not comply than we will have a war. A war is about death. The USA will not go an bomb those countries unless they choose to harbor terrorists. If there is a war than the USA and NATO should use all means possible to win the war, that is if they can win. Like I said, we could wake up tomorrow and half the USA could be destroyed in a nuclear explosion.
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09-15-2001
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If we were to go into a pure war, invading other countries, we would not be punishing the ones who are truely responisble. Much of the terrorism is carried out by nationalless peoples. They have homes, more importantly they have culters, but they can get up and move. If we were to invade then we'd be fighting the state armies of the local people who are not nomads, who, for the most part, are not responisble for acts of terrorism agienst the USA. \r\n \r\nI don't want to be mis inturrpeted here as being pro terrorist or anything, I'm 100% for capturing, and if that's not possible killing those responsible, and doing what is nessicary to stop this from happening again. However, to kill innocents makes us as bad as them. \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\tperhaps even small nuclear missiles in order to flush them out.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t
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And if we use nukes we're worse than they are. We will have sunken WAY below their level
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09-15-2001
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those who support and abide by the terrorists actions are no better than they.
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09-15-2001
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Are you going than? \r\n \r\nI personally think that that USA will only be around for about 3-5 more years. I guess it doesn't matter.
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i think a little longer like 20-25+, but about going i have to see what happens and why we are going to war. \r\n \r\nbesides im in the draft already so i don't really have to much of a choice. do i?
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09-15-2001
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> I personally think that that USA will only be around for about 3-5 more years. I guess it doesn't matter. < \r\n \r\nAnd this is based on what?
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09-15-2001
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Your country is going to get nuked. Not from the outside but from the inside by terrorists. There is almost no doubt in my mind.
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09-15-2001
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whatever. \r\n \r\nIf we go Canada will follow you know that right?
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09-15-2001
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Not quite because it's very obvious that they will nuke Florida and that is a long ways from Canada.
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you think once America goes your economy is gonna stay stable? if we go the world economy goes with us.
I was just wondering why it would be necessary to create an array of pointer-to-chars whose elements are assigned to strings. Not only that but a const pointer-to char...I read that in this C++ book I'm using to teach myself and I was just curious why that was necessary....any answers/insight would be great. thanks-Chap \r\n
The type of a string literal is array of const char, so to be strictly correct, you must use a pointer to const char to point to a string literal. \r\n \r\n>I was just wondering why it would be necessary to create an array of pointer-to-chars whose elements are assigned to strings. \r\nIt isn't necessary. There are a number of ways to go about having an array of strings, this is just one of them. But the idea is that if the strings don't need to be modified, you can simply assign them to pointers and avoid having to specify an array size.
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09-10-2004
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Each character array (c-style string) needs a pointer. (A single variable can only hold one character, so you use a single pointer to point-to the array.) \r\n \r\n4 character arrays require 4 pointers. In this case, an array of 4 pointers is used. The program could have used 4 different variables instead of an array (i.e. qualify1 instead of qualify[1]). \r\n \r\nThe pointers are constant, so you don't screw them up. You don't want to accidently change one of the pointers. Because of the way arrays are stored in memory, changing the pointers could really foul things up!
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09-10-2004
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"String1 \\n" is a string literal. It can't be changed. It's value can be assigned to other strings, and if you don't want the other string to change the value either then you need to use the keyword const in front of the keyword char. \n \nconst char * means you have a pointer to a char and the value of the char can't change. \n \nchar * can be a pointer to a single char, or a pointer to the first element of a string of char. You can't tell until it is initialized which it is. \n \nchar * one = "string1 \\n"; //one is a string; \n \nchar ch = '+'; \nchar * one = &ch; //one is a pointer to a single char \n \nconst char * one = "string1"; //one is a string and you can't change the value of the string \n \nconst char one[] = "string1"; //one is a string and you can't change the value of the string \n \nYou can have arrays of arrays, arrays of pointers, pointer to arrays, const variables, const pointers, pointers to const variables, const pointers to const variable, pointers can act like arrays, etc., etc., etc. It's kind of confusing to begin with. What am I saying! It's very confusing to begin with and remains kind of confusing forever--unless you do this kind of thing all the time. But you get used to going back to the reference material time after time, until you get the hang of it. \n \nIn this case the author has declared a array of 4 C style strings, and the value of the strings cannot be changed. He/she could have allowed the values to be changed if they wanted to. They could have used alternate synatx, maybe something like this: \n
(if that's even legal), but chose to use the one they did. I can't say why they chose that syntax over another. It's easy to see why using a vector of STL strings is a commonly used alternative to this type of syntax. Squirming your way through the nuts and bolts at this level can prepare you for understanding what's behind the curtain when you start to use the vectors and STL strings, though. So if you like that approach, continue. If not you can learn about vectors and STL strings first and then look behind the curtain later if you want to.
Let's say I have a class serving as a stack called Pole, with the class of stuff that it actually contains being Disc. That is, class Pole is a stack of class Disc. Furthermore let's say that the push function is void Pole-push(Disc* arg), and that the pop function is Disc* Pole-pop(). Furthermore I have a function called void Pole-empty(), which deletes all Discs in the Pole stack from memory and empties the Pole. \r\n \r\nI'm running into a little bit of an issue remembering how to completely empty the Pole of Discs with regards to whether I should or should not use the delete keyword. \r\n \r\nThe specific problem I'm running into is illustrated in this example. Let's say I have a class that holds a Pole variable called aPole. Furthermore let's say two functions in that class are as follows: \r\n \r\n
In this case, does the code in the definition for the void Pole-empty() function need to have the delete keyword to kill the Discs manually? \r\n \r\nI used to think of using delete if and only if the keyword new were used earlier. But here the keyword new is never used. But the Discs live on even after going out of scope (the exit of func1()). If aPole were to lose all track of those Discs from its empty() function being employed in func2() WITHOUT using the delete keyword, what's keeping those Discs from just wasting memory? Also wouldn't the destructor for Pole need to use the keyword delete? \r\n \r\nThanks in advance!
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12-22-2009
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I'll take a stab at this in the hope that the experts here will correct me wherever I'm wrong. \n \nFirst, like you said, it seems very strange to me to use delete if you've never used new. I'm not even sure what that would be telling the compiler to do since the object variables are supposed to have block scope. \n \nAnyhow, as I understand it, when you first declare your 2 Disc objects here, they are assigned a memory location and will be automatically collected as garbage when that block ends. If I wanted the memory to be freed up earlier, then I would create them using new and then destroy them explicitly. \n \nI'm not seeing why putting them on a Pole and taking them back off would make any difference in all that. Unless you allocate the memory for them dynamically one way or another, they're going to exist for the extent of the block where they're defined--and will also die with that block when it's over. \n \nI think in your code aDisc and anotherDisc would also have block scope if you popped them directly rather than running your empty() function. \n \nAnyhow, I'm not seeing why this would be an exception to the rule of using delete iff you used new.
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12-22-2009
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If you never call new, then the object lifetime is lexical, not dynamic, and a memory leak is impossible. I can say this without even seeing the implementation of Pole. No need to worry. \n \nYou DO need to worry about valid lifetime, though. If the discs go out of scope before the Pole is destroyed, then the Pole now has pointers to destroyed objects, which is bad. There is nothing that you can do from within Pole to protect against this, aside from actually making copies of the discs when they are put into it.
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12-23-2009
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Thanks for the replies. As you might imagine, I had walked around that problem when constructing my program, but I think it was quite important for me to gain that information, so as to prevent future issues.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlright, I'm trying to make tetris in console but i have a few questions. \r\n \r\n1. Do I use the _kbhit() function to get the keyboard input from the user. Because with getch(), it waits until the user inputs but i want the game to continue to run even if the user doesnt input anything. Can anyone help me out with this like give example? \r\n \r\n2. Also, how would i detect when a falling piece hits the block of pieces on the bottom? Like collision sorta \r\n \r\n3. How to make screen not flicker so much when pieces are falling down?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ti, too, made tetris in console. heres my source, you can look at it and maybe get some ideas. its a little buggy, and its kind of an abandoned project because i recently ported it to windows. \r\n \r\nfor keyboard input, i used the windows function GetAsyncKeyState. i suggest looking it up because its great to use for most any type of input. ( when combined with GetClientRect and GetCursorPos, it can even be used for rudimentary mouse input in console. i suggest looking those up too ). \r\n \r\nanyway, here is my source:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tand, as far as the flicker goes: to get rid of it, i used my ever so famous display and anim classes. here they are, along with a readme on how to use them:\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally posted by ... \r\nand, as far as the flicker goes: to get rid of it, i used my ever so famous display and anim classes. here they are, along with a readme on how to use them: \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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By the way, thanks for posting your code and helping. \r\nThe following errors come up when i try to compile tetris.cpp \r\n \r\n
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--------------------Configuration: Tetris - Win32 Debug--------------------\r\nCompiling...\r\nTetris.cpp\r\nc:\\documents and settings\\wayne tie\\my documents\\c++\\downloads\\tetris\\board.h(38) : error C2374: 'i' : redefinition; multiple initialization\r\n c:\\documents and settings\\wayne tie\\my documents\\c++\\downloads\\tetris\\board.h(36) : see declaration of 'i'\r\nc:\\documents and settings\\wayne tie\\my documents\\c++\\downloads\\tetris\\tetris.cpp(125) : error C2893: Failed to specialize function template 'void __thiscall Display::variable(any,unsigned short,struct _COORD)'\r\n With the following template arguments:\r\n 'unsigned int'\r\nc:\\documents and settings\\wayne tie\\my documents\\c++\\downloads\\tetris\\tetris.cpp(126) : error C2893: Failed to specialize function template 'void __thiscall Display::variable(any,unsigned short,struct _COORD)'\r\n With the following template arguments:\r\n 'unsigned int'\r\nc:\\documents and settings\\wayne tie\\my documents\\c++\\downloads\\tetris\\tetris.cpp(127) : error C2893: Failed to specialize function template 'void __thiscall Display::variable(any,unsigned short,struct _COORD)'\r\n With the following template arguments:\r\n 'unsigned int'\r\nc:\\documents and settings\\wayne tie\\my documents\\c++\\downloads\\tetris\\tetris.cpp(720) : error C2893: Failed to specialize function template 'void __thiscall Display::variable(any,unsigned short,struct _COORD)'\r\n With the following template arguments:\r\n 'int'\r\nError executing cl.exe.\r\n\r\nTetris.exe - 5 error(s), 0 warning(s)
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Also, i have downloaded your disp/anim classes before. The thing is, i dont know which function is used to remove the flickers, could you please help out. Thanks alot\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Naturally I didn't feel inspired enough to read all the links for you, since I already slaved away for long hours under a blistering sun pressing the search button after typing four whole words! - Quzah \r\n \r\nYou. Fetch me my copy of the Wall Street Journal. You two, fight to the death - Stewie
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>Do I use the _kbhit() function to get the keyboard input from the user. Because with getch(), it waits until the user inputs but i want the game to continue to run even if the user doesnt input anything. Can anyone help me out with this like give example? \r\n \r\n \r\nTo eliminate this problem, do this: \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThanks guys for all the help... I still don't know how to get the screen to not flicker during clrscr() \r\n \r\nI don't know how to use the Display + Anim classes to remove the flicker. Is there any other way to reduce flicker?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthe display and anim classes dont flicker at all. the only weird part with using them is drawing out the animation frames and then loading them. \r\n \r\nonce you get that taken care of ( i explained it as best i could in the readme ). then you basically just put stuff on the display and then show it. it kinda works like a stack. the first things you put into the display will be the background. \r\n \r\nyou basically "push" all the images onto into the display class buffer, and then use the show() function to "pop" them. \r\n \r\nlike i said, i really explained them the best i could in the readme. you can copy my code pretty much word for word (changing variables, of course) for any time you use my functions. i tried to make them simple to use where all you have to do is specify an animation and pass it to the display. \r\n \r\nthe source code is in there, though. if you dont want to use my classes exactly then you can dig through my source and see how i did it. the secret behind the display class is the function WriteConsoleOutput(). i suggest you do some reasearch and figure out how it works, becuase it will make "graphical" console games a WHOLE lot better. it writes everything into the console window at once rather than going through it cell by cell and drawing, therefore eliminating flicker. i can get 2000+ frames per second in console with my display class. \r\n \r\nthe problem you have with the first error, as was fixed before by XSquared, is that i always use "i" for my iteration in my for loop. if you dont have for loop declarations limited to the scope of the loop, then you will get redefinition errors every time there is a for loop. i use MSVC++.NET and it doesnt give me errors. \r\n \r\nas far as the function template errors go, im not sure. it compiles fine on my compiler.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYeah, I converted all my drawing functions in MY console graphics library to using 'FillConsoleOutputCharacter' and 'FillConsoleOutputAttributes', which works the same way as WriteConsoleOutput. I noticed a dramatic difference. It's MUCH nicer having it display it all at once rather than character by character. I'm re-uploading my library to its website now, but I have TONS to change in the documentation, so I'd recommend not using it (if you plan to at all ) until I've gotten my documentation up to date, because I've changed TONS of stuff. \r\n \r\nBasically, my library tries to mimic the way you code things for Windows (well not exactly, but kind of) and the reason I did that was to give people moving from console to Windows a better understanding of Window objects, message loops, etc. You create a Window object, and from there you can do all sorts of stuff. There's a blitmap class which holds bitmap-like images, a sprite class to animate blitmaps, and tons more. I've recently added more Windows-like options by creating a GraphicObject class. This allows you to create pens which modify how lines look when you draw them, and it also allows you to easily display blitmaps and other graphical functions. It's a very handy library, I'm using it right now in my Medieval Conquest game. In that game, I used the library for the mouse and the buttons and message boxes you see. \r\n \r\nBut yeah...don't use clrscr() everytime you move a drawing, that will cause flicker. Use either '...'s Display and Animation library or my Console Graphics Library, because either of those will help you a lot. The link to my library is in my sig. Good luck! \r\n \r\nBrendan\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t'...' and HarryP \r\n \r\nthanks for help \r\ni ve had both of your graphics libs for a while (CGL and Anim/Disp Functions) \r\n \r\nAlright so in the libraries that you two created, what was the function that can allow you to not draw character by character? \r\n \r\nand harryp, , what is this WriteConsoleOutput you are talking about? What base library should i use to use this? Windows.h? \r\n \r\n'...' how did you detect collision between the falling pieces and the landed pieces/walls in your tetris game?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by KneeGrow; 10-26-2003 at 09:59 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLol oh. Well in mine, I'm guessing you have an older version. I've updated my library now, you can get the new version on my site (in my sig). The updated version has TONS of new stuff. I'll give a really short explanation here of some of the newer stuff, and I'll update the documentation as soon as possible. \r\n \r\nMainly, the blitmap class was updated. Now you don't need to know the size of the blitmap before you use it. It's actually a whole new class. Rather than entering \r\n
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You can also draw rectangles, lines, points, etc. I'm assuming you're using MSVC++, so that should bring up the list of functions each class has when you want to use one. \r\n \r\nThe Sprite class was also changed. Instead of using the older blitmap style, you can use the new Blitmap class. To make a sprite of 4 blitmaps, you'd go: \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\till be honest, i didnt do the collision detection in my tetris game. me and a friend worked on it ( as you can see from the comments at the top of the files ). i did all the interface and graphic stuff and he did all the collision detection. \r\n \r\nbasically what we did was store an array that represented the game board. each array position was either a block or an empty space. the blocks themselves were seperate arrays that are kind of loaded onto the board, erased, moved down, and then loaded back, etc... \r\n \r\nwhen the array position directly under the block had a block already in it, we wrote the block permenantly to the board and created a new one. \r\n \r\nthe board class is a little buggy, and like i said we have completely redid it for windows and are working on getting the board class bug free. just take a look at the board class for how we handled the collisions.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\there is the documentation for WriteConsoleOutput straight from visual C++.NET: \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t \r\n \r\nWriteConsoleOutput \r\nThe WriteConsoleOutput function writes character and color attribute data to a specified rectangular block of character cells in a console screen buffer. The data to be written is taken from a correspondingly sized rectangular block at a specified location in the source buffer. \r\n \r\nBOOL WriteConsoleOutput( \r\n HANDLE hConsoleOutput, // handle to screen buffer \r\n CONST CHAR_INFO *lpBuffer, // data buffer \r\n COORD dwBufferSize, // size of data buffer \r\n COORD dwBufferCoord, // cell coordinates \r\n PSMALL_RECT lpWriteRegion // rectangle to write \r\n); \r\nParameters \r\nhConsoleOutput \r\n[in] Handle to the screen buffer. The handle must have GENERIC_WRITE access. \r\nlpBuffer \r\n[in] Pointer to a source buffer that contains the data to be written to the screen buffer. This pointer is treated as the origin of a two-dimensional array of CHAR_INFO structures whose size is specified by the dwBufferSize parameter. \r\ndwBufferSize \r\n[in] Specifies the size, in character cells, of the buffer pointed to by the lpBuffer parameter. The X member of the COORD structure is the number of columns; the Y member is the number of rows. \r\ndwBufferCoord \r\n[in] Specifies the coordinates of the upper-left cell in the buffer pointed to by the lpBuffer parameter to write data from. The X member of the COORD structure is the column, and the Y member is the row. \r\nlpWriteRegion \r\n[in/out] Pointer to a SMALL_RECT structure. On input, the structure members specify the upper-left and lower-right coordinates of the screen buffer rectangle to write to. On output, the structure members specify the actual rectangle that was written to. \r\nReturn Values \r\nIf the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero. \r\n \r\nIf the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. \r\n \r\nRemarks \r\nWriteConsoleOutput treats the source buffer and the destination screen buffer as two-dimensional arrays (columns and rows of character cells). The rectangle pointed to by the lpWriteRegion parameter specifies the size and location of the block to be written to in the screen buffer. A rectangle of the same size is located with its upper-left cell at the coordinates of the dwBufferCoord parameter in the lpBuffer array. Data from the cells that are in the intersection of this rectangle and the source buffer rectangle (whose dimensions are specified by the dwBufferSize parameter) is written to the destination rectangle. \r\n \r\nCells in the destination rectangle whose corresponding source location are outside the boundaries of the source buffer rectangle are left unaffected by the write operation. In other words, these are the cells for which no data is available to be written. \r\n \r\nBefore WriteConsoleOutput returns, it sets the members of lpWriteRegion to the actual screen buffer rectangle affected by the write operation. This rectangle reflects the cells in the destination rectangle for which there existed a corresponding cell in the source buffer, because WriteConsoleOutput clips the dimensions of the destination rectangle to the boundaries of the screen buffer. \r\n \r\nIf the rectangle specified by lpWriteRegion lies completely outside the boundaries of the screen buffer, or if the corresponding rectangle is positioned completely outside the boundaries of the source buffer, no data is written. In this case, the function returns with the members of the structure pointed to by the lpWriteRegion parameter set such that the Right member is less than the Left, or the Bottom member is less than the Top. To determine the size of the screen buffer, use the GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo function. \r\n \r\nWriteConsoleOutput has no effect on the cursor position. \r\n \r\nWindows NT/2000/XP: This function uses either Unicode characters or 8-bit characters from the console's current code page. The console's code page defaults initially to the system's OEM code page. To change the console's code page, use the SetConsoleCP or SetConsoleOutputCP functions, or use the chcp or mode con cp select= commands. \r\n \r\nWindows 95/98/Me: WriteConsoleOutputW is supported by the Microsoft Layer for Unicode. To use this, you must add certain files to your application, as outlined in Microsoft Layer for Unicode on Windows 95/98/Me Systems. \r\n \r\nExample Code \r\nFor an example, see Reading and Writing Blocks of Characters and Attributes. \r\n \r\nRequirements \r\n Windows NT/2000/XP: Included in Windows NT 3.1 and later. \r\n Windows 95/98/Me: Included in Windows 95 and later. \r\n Header: Declared in Wincon.h; include Windows.h. \r\n Library: Use Kernel32.lib. \r\n Unicode: Implemented as Unicode and ANSI versions on Windows NT/2000/XP. Also supported by Microsoft Layer for Unicode. \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t \r\nCHAR_INFO \r\nThe CHAR_INFO structure specifies the Unicode or ANSI character and its attributes. This structure is used by console functions to read from and write to a console screen buffer. \r\n \r\ntypedef struct _CHAR_INFO { \r\n union { \r\n WCHAR UnicodeChar; \r\n CHAR AsciiChar; \r\n } Char; \r\n WORD Attributes; \r\n} CHAR_INFO, *PCHAR_INFO; \r\nMembers \r\nChar \r\nUnicode (wide-character) or ANSI character of a screen buffer character cell, depending on whether it is used with the Unicode or ANSI version of a function. \r\nAttributes \r\nCharacter attributes. This member can be zero or any combination of the following attributes. Attribute Meaning \r\nFOREGROUND_BLUE Text color contains blue. \r\nFOREGROUND_GREEN Text color contains green. \r\nFOREGROUND_RED Text color contains red. \r\nFOREGROUND_INTENSITY Text color is intensified. \r\nBACKGROUND_BLUE Background color contains blue. \r\nBACKGROUND_GREEN Background color contains green. \r\nBACKGROUND_RED Background color contains red. \r\nBACKGROUND_INTENSITY Background color is intensified. \r\nCOMMON_LVB_LEADING_BYTE Leading byte. \r\nCOMMON_LVB_TRAILING_BYTE Training byte. \r\nCOMMON_LVB_GRID_HORIZONTAL Top horizontal \r\nCOMMON_LVB_GRID_LVERTICAL Left vertical. \r\nCOMMON_LVB_GRID_RVERTICAL Right vertical. \r\nCOMMON_LVB_REVERSE_VIDEO Reverse foreground and background attribute. \r\nCOMMON_LVB_UNDERSCORE Underscore. \r\n \r\n \r\nRequirements \r\n Windows NT/2000/XP: Included in Windows NT 3.1 and later. \r\n Windows 95/98/Me: Included in Windows 95 and later. \r\n Header: Declared in Wincon.h; include Windows.h. \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEep, my newest update won't work. Give me till tomorrow, it's late lol. I'll let you know when it's up and running. \r\n \r\nBrendan\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHarryP, i have a question about the WriteConsoleOutput... I don't understand how it is used and what form the function should take. Could you please give me an example like how i would use it to display things and rid my program of flickers? \r\n \r\n... or HarryP do you guys have AIM or MSN or any sort of messenger cause i gotta get some thigns cleared up. I just downloaded the latest CGL but how to remove the flickering from Clrscr with CGL? \r\n \r\nand '...', how do i use your Disp and anim classes to remove flickering?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by KneeGrow; 10-27-2003 at 10:32 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
i don't know if i posted this where i should so don't pick on me for it. \r\n \r\ni use a debian without xserver. i've got gcc with apt, but it seems it doesn't include many (probably all) headers. any ideas? \r\n \r\nalso, i'd like to know if there is a function that creates a set delay, and in what header is it. \r\n \r\ni'm new to *x programming so don't blame me.
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usleep(), sleep() - in unistd.h, assuming you want your program to wait a for a minimum period. No "wait" is guaranteed to end exactly when you specify, it is only guaranteed to be a minimum wait of that duration. It may wait longer. Due to OS scheduling. \r\n \r\nheaders are in the /usr/include tree. Check there first. \r\nIf you've done an install of any software by compile rather than apt, then gcc probably works fine.
Well, let me describe the assignment: \r\n \r\nYou are given a basic HTML file and must create a program that will parse the file and check for: \r\n \r\nTag Validity \r\nProper tag nesting \r\n \r\nA class for the stack and html tags must be used. The interface and implementation for the stack and html tag classes must be in different files (for a total of 5 files, a main.cpp, stack.cpp, stack.h, htmltag.cpp, htmltag.h). \r\n \r\nIncluded in the post is my uncompleted code as I get wierd errors and am probably doing something wrong in general. I also need to figure out to make it work fully and support more tags. \r\n \r\nAny help you can provide would be appreciated as I need to have the assignment in by 10:10 AM tomorrow morning. \r\n \r\nThanks to everyone who helps ^_^
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uhm, you did read the FAQ right, no giving answers for homework is one of the rules.
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... \r\n \r\nI don't want a direct answer containing code, just conceptual suggestions. Obviously I am missing something, and just need a little push in the right direction. \r\n \r\nThis place was so helpful when I did my first assignment, but now it's like "don't help, he won't learn anything." I realize that I need to do this myself, but since I don't have anyone else from my class around to help me figure out what to do, I thought I could ask here. And I do learn from other code, but I haven't found anything that will help me.
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Members don't like non-specific questions like you've posted. If you're having a problem, post a specific question and the code involved. You're unlikely to get many responses from "Please look over all of my code from several different files and fix it all for me."
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Sorry, don't have time to look at your code. I would ask, is your Stack class working with a simple sample? How about your reading and writing of files? Have you figured out how to read in the next HTML token? Have you figured out how to verify that a token is valid? Each of these seem to be logical steps to me, so maybe you can shed light on which one you are having trouble with.
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My stack class works perfectly on simple examples. \r\n \r\nI'll take those questions into consideration when I re-write my main.cpp and see what happens.
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+ },
+ {
+ "url": "https://cboard.cprogramming.com/cplusplus-programming/45253-problem-chars-char-arrays.html",
+ "domain": "cboard.cprogramming.com",
+ "file_source": "part-00248-d9b45f53-efdc-4ae8-a3e4-b1d5d9e13869-c000",
+ "content": "\r\n\r\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n \r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t Problem with chars and char arrays\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhenever I have a char and want it to equal " " (a space) such as \r\n \r\n[code] \r\nchar ch; \r\nch = " "; \r\n[\\code] \r\n \r\nI get this really annoying error that I cannot convert a char[2] to a char. the same thing happens with arrays. \r\n \r\n[code] \r\nchar longch[21]; \r\nlongch[1] = " "; \r\n[\\code] \r\n \r\nThis will happen with any alphanumeric character. I would like to know how I can get around this. \r\n \r\nThanks! \r\n -Zagaberoo\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
You were tring to assign a sting to a single char(yes I know you only had one char in the " " but the compilers will see it as a string constant because of these " ").\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi, \r\nIs the below mentioned coding practice valid? \r\n \r\ni. Declared one structure STRUCT_ABC in a header file abc.h \r\nii. Included abc.h in abc.c file and used STRUCT_ABC in some function inside abc.c. \r\nii. Another file def.c does not include abc.h. But in def.c, i again defined a structure with same name, i.e. STRUCT_ABC, but with different contents. \r\niv. Both abc.c & def.c are under same library and control first comes in abc.c during runtime. \r\nv. Control goes from abc.c to def.c and comes back, say multiple times. \r\n \r\nCan this give a runtime error always, or sometimes this might work?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWrong, Bayint. \r\n \r\nThe scenario described is a violation of the one-definition rule, as a struct declaration (other than a forward declaration) is a struct definition. Violations of the one-definition rule yield undefined behaviour. \r\n \r\nWith undefined behaviour, the program may give a runtime error, it may not, or it may do so intermittently. Any set of behaviours is permitted - that is the definition in the standard of "undefined". \r\n \r\nIt doesn't matter whether the two functions pass control to each other or not. The fact that the two definitions exist within one executable is problematic.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Right 98% of the time, and don't care about the other 3%. \r\n \r\nIf I seem grumpy or unhelpful in reply to you, or tell you you need to demonstrate more effort before you can expect help, it is likely you deserve it. Suck it up, Buttercup, and read this, this, and this before posting again.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat does the standard say about typedefs and defines? Are typedefs and defines internal to a file, or do they get exported by default into a global namespace (used by the compiler during compilation)? GCC does not complain when I create duplicate typedef names (of different types) in two different files, but then again it doesn't complain about duplicate symbols either when I define two variables with the same name (which it should).\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAs per my query, the structure is defined not inside any function or main function. \r\nIts specific to C source file and not any function.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYes, I understand that. I'm not sure for file but I guess it should be the same. But I cannot find anything related to C with the google keyword One-definition rule.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThanks Grumpy for the info. \r\n \r\nBut how come it's working fine sometime, and throwing segmentation fault some other time. I suppose if its a standard violation, then it should always throw error or create problem during runtime. \r\n \r\nTo be specific, this type of code is working here at our end in production from nearly last 1 year. Recently only it showed issues.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
So standard wise its fine. \r\nAlso, as per the example quoted in your reply, the structure with same name are present in both the c sources. \r\nIn my case, one of the instance of structure is defined in header file and another in one of the c sources. Also, library of this C source and the source which includes that header file is same. \r\n \r\nSo now in this context, probably the storage of structure definition during runtime from header file vs C source might create some issue??\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
abc.h\n\nstruct STRUCT_ABC {\n int a;\n};\n\nabc.c\n\n#include "abc.h"\n\nvoid abc(struct STRUCT_ABC *a)\n{\n}\n\ndef.c\n\nstruct STRUCT_ABC {\n char *s; \n double x;\n};\n\nvoid def(struct STRUCT_ABC *a) // if you export def() function, \nproblem since compile will use struct STRUCT_ABC defined in abc.h\n{\n}\n\nmain.c\n\n#include "abc.h" //include struct def\n\nint main(void)\n{\n struct STRUCT_ABC foo;\n def(&foo); // problem!!\n abc(&foo); // OK\n return 0;\n}
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You can not export any function defined in def.c that needs struct STRUCT_ABC. (i.e functions that take STRUCT_ABC as para or return STRUCT_ABC).\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Bayint Naung; 06-22-2010 at 09:02 AM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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abc.h\r\n\r\nstruct STRUCT_ABC {\r\n int a;\r\n};\r\n\r\nabc.c\r\n\r\n#include "abc.h"\r\n\r\nvoid abc(struct STRUCT_ABC *a)\r\n{\r\n}\r\n\r\ndef.c\r\n\r\nstruct STRUCT_ABC {\r\n char *s; \r\n double x;\r\n};\r\n\r\nvoid def(struct STRUCT_ABC *a) // if you export def() function, \r\nproblem since compile will use struct STRUCT_ABC defined in abc.h\r\n{\r\n}\r\n\r\nmain.c\r\n\r\n#include "abc.h" //include struct def\r\n\r\nint main(void)\r\n{\r\n struct STRUCT_ABC foo;\r\n def(&foo); // problem!!\r\n abc(&foo); // OK\r\n return 0;\r\n}
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You can not export any function defined in def.c that needs struct STRUCT_ABC. (i.e functions that take STRUCT_ABC as para or return STRUCT_ABC).
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What if flow goes as below: \r\n \r\ndef.c \r\n \r\nstruct STRUCT_ABC { \r\n char *s; \r\n double x; \r\n}; \r\n \r\nvoid def() // Fine \r\n{ \r\n struct STRUCT_ABC foo; \r\n <local usage of foo valid here> \r\n <return to main> \r\n} \r\n \r\nint main(void) \r\n{ \r\n struct STRUCT_ABC foo; \r\n abc(&foo); // OK \r\n def(); //def called after abc \r\n return 0; \r\n} \r\n \r\nThis is the actual replica of code which i'm working currently with. abc.c & header file same as the way what you coded. \r\nAdditionally control goes in def after abc. \r\nAlso, in my case not necessary that both the functions will be called from same common function. Only common thing is that both come in the same flow.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
int main(void)\n{\nstruct STRUCT_ABC foo; // i assume you include "abc.h" \nabc(&foo); // OK \ndef(); /* def called after abc , it should be absolutely fine. \ndef() uses its own definition of STRUCT_ABC defined in def.c */\nreturn 0;\n}
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Bayint Naung; 06-22-2010 at 09:22 AM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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int main(void)\n{\nstruct STRUCT_ABC foo; // i assume you include "abc.h" \nabc(&foo); // OK \ndef(); /* def called after abc , it should be absolutely fine. \ndef() uses its own definition of STRUCT_ABC defined in def.c */\nreturn 0;\n}
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Yes correct. \r\nNow current this type of coding in our case was working fine since last say 1 year. But recently it started giving segmentation fault exactly at the point of structure variable declaration as in def.c \r\nvoid def() // Fine \r\n{ \r\nstruct STRUCT_ABC foo; ==> <This line gave segmentation fault> \r\n \r\nSo as grumpy quoted earlier, this issue wont occur everytime, but sometimes it might occur. If this is correct, then what can be the probable reason of issue occuring sometimes and not everytime?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIt should be easy to change STRUCT_ABC to other name in def.c. (probably use script) \nAnd see whether problem exists.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHey can I add music to my program without having the music file? \r\nLike kinda build music into the .exe? \r\nJust like a install program. All the files are in the install.exe \r\n \r\nAnd, \r\nHow do I remove the the DOS window? \r\nI got a full screen code, but the little DOS window is still running in the background.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by XunTric; 09-27-2005 at 10:04 AM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tand the hat of int overfl\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tand the hat of int overfl\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTry a board search \r\nSearch: Key Word(s): PlaySound ; Forum: Windows Programming and child forums \r\nShowing results 1 to 25 of 32\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWell that's not working because you are using Dev-C++. You are using the MS Visual C++ way to link a library. Take out that "#pragma comment" line and go to tools>>compiler options>>and under the compiler tab write -lwinmm in the box that says add these commands to the linker command line. Now the library is linked and it compiles.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThanks it compiles now =D \r\nBut the music dont start. \r\nI just found a song and called it test (.mp3), then placed it in the same folder as my program. \r\nWhats wrong now?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>> turn on your speakers / turn the volume up? \r\nLol, yes of course- \r\n \r\nAll I get its a "beep" from the computer when I start the program. \r\nYou know when you press all buttons at the same time on your keyboard then you get this annoying error "beep" from your computer. \r\n \r\n>>Return result \r\nEhm... The compiler log? No errors or warnings?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn my experience, when you are compiling something and that something tried to access a file, unless you specify the entire path, it will look in your PWD ( present working directory) which to me means that it is going to be looking for the file in the same spot your cpp is, and not the same spot as your exe. \r\nI could be wrong, havn't tested it or such. \r\n \r\nIf you want to be certain you can play a file, and worry about flexibility later, then just place your mp3 in your root, and use the entire file path to play it. \r\n \r\n \r\nAlso make sure your function can play an MP , i'm not sure what PlaySound can do \r\n \r\ngo here.. \r\nhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/library/de..._playsound.asp \r\n \r\n \r\n.... From MSDN \r\n
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What 12 year old knows what a chortle is and how to use it (the word that is). Do you know its etiology?
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LMAO, that was hilarious, and to think that they actually turned it in. Unbelievable!
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If I were an academic I would say: \r\n \r\nIndeed, that was a most humorous anecdote analysing the trials and tribulations of the male/female relationship. Perhaps there are some inaccuracies depicted, but considering that (after all) it was not intended to form a serious academic argument, I shall let any of these annoyances be forgotten lest I am to forget the spirit of humour in which said anecdote was written. \r\n \r\nIf I were a real person I would say: \r\n \r\nLMAO.
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AYEAYEAYEAYEAYE!!! \r\n \r\nNow that that's voer with...heh...I've seen this one before...so funny :) \r\n \r\nLOL, I love this part: "more important things to think about than the neuroses of an air-headed asthmatic bimbo named Laurie with whom he had spent one sweaty night over a year ago"
I made a simple gtk man page viewer that uses popen("man [page] | col-b", "r"). \n \nMost of the time it works fine but I've begun to notice that there are a number (maybe one in ten) of pages that return "No manual page for [page]" even tho the other pages in the same path are found, and the exact same command on the command line works fine. \n \nPerhaps this is not exactly a code problem but I don't know who/where else to ask... \n \nps (later): i was so ticked off about this I actually removed my man rpm and build "man-db" (which is also supposedly faster) from source -- but it does the same thing
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Is your cwd getting changed at some point? Or is a path variable being overwritten somehow? I mean there isn't much outside of your code that can cause these sorts of issues. man and man-db are both well documented and well tested.
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Is your cwd getting changed at some point? Or is a path variable being overwritten somehow? I mean there isn't much outside of your code that can cause these sorts of issues. man and man-db are both well documented and well tested.
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Why would the cwd matter? I know env variables are in the stack but they are not being overwritten -- I actually tested the "state of the path" by inserting: \n \nsystem("echo $MANPATH"); \n \nbefore the popen call. All looked well. \n \nAs for man and man-db being well documented & tested, I agree, but I have noticed some clumsy things about man that I sort of assumed were due to redhat (which they may have been, since man-db cleared those up, so it's not been a total loss). And, actually, man-db installs from source without creating a user for man, so when you go to create the database it gives an error. This problem is not diagnosed in their docs but is simple enough to correct if you know enough yourself already. They may have left it that way because it presents some security risk, in the hopes that distro packagers will take care of it. But I think some users could be up a tree, at least for a while. \n \nSo if that level of oversight is acceptable, why would you think everything else is flawless? \n \n[update] after all that it turned out to be my mistake. But if you want to do some playtesting anyway: \nhttp://www.intergate.com/~halfcountplus/see
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmy class has a static member window procedure. from this procedure i cant refer to any data members of that class without the compiler telling me: \r\n \r\nillegal reference to data member 'cBen::value' in a static member function \r\n \r\nie: \r\n \r\n
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class cBen\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\n static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(...);\r\n int value;\r\n};\r\n\r\nLRESULT CALLBACK cBen::WndProc(...)\r\n{\r\n value=5;\r\n return DefWindowProc(...);\r\n}
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAn alternative to Davros's fine suggestion and arguably a more typical approach to what you are attempting is to retrieve a pointer to your class object and work through that within your static wndproc. \r\n \r\nYou can make your class object a global variable and use it directly - good for 'proof of function' or, more usually, you store a pointer to your class object when you create your window using CreateWindowEx, setting the last parameter of that function to this. You retrieve this in your static wndproc with GetWindowLongPtr (GetWindowLong works too) and store it with SetWindowLongPtr (SetWindowLong works too), initially obtaining it from the (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam of the WM_NCCREATE message, and using SetWindowLongPtr to store it. Subsequent messages can use GetWindowLongPtr to obtain a valid pointer. There are other ways to achieve the same and much of this is discussed in those links I suggested to you in your initial thread asking for a non-global wndproc solution, which might be worth a re-read. \r\n \r\nI think there is an ancient msdn article that discusses this approach and I will post a link to it if I find it. \r\n \r\nGood luck anyway. \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdavros, i cant get your method to work, and anyway, it seems a bit annoying to have to declare everything static if i want it to be usable. heres what happens: \r\n \r\n
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class cBen\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\n static int value;\r\n static LRESULT CALLBACK proc(...);\r\n};\r\n\r\nLRESULT CALLBACK cBen::proc(...)\r\n{\r\n value=5;\r\n}\r\n\r\ncompiler error:\r\ncBen.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static int cBen::value" (?value@cBen@@2HA)
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i have no idea what THAT means. \r\n \r\nken, i cant work how to use SetWindowLongPtr to set the class pointer. there doesn't seem to be a pre-defined offset for that information. how do i do it?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tand also davros, reading on MSDN i found that declaring a data member of a class static means that one copy of the data member is shared by all instances of the class, and that does not sound like what i want. \r\n \r\ni think the problem can be resolved way back when i asked about window procedures within classes. according to MSDN, declaring a member function to be static means that it can only access static members of that class. that was not the goal that i was trying to achieve. all i wanted was to be able to set the wndproc of a WNDCLASSEX structure to a member function window procedure, and for some reason, static made that work. but is there any other way to do it?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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class cBen {\r\n public:\r\n static int value;\r\n static LRESULT CALLBACK proc(...);\r\n};\r\n\r\nstatic int cBen::value;\r\n\r\n\r\n// then the use of value becomes valid
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That is, redeclare the static variable outside the class definition. This is a consequence of the way compilers used to register static class variables. Some saw static variables declared within the class definition valid, while others only recognized static variables defined outside the declaration. As a result, the standard requires the programmer to declare the variable both ways. \r\n \r\nSearch Google or the boards for a more in-depth explanation.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnup, that doesn't work. the redeclaration causes the following compiler error: \r\n \r\n'value' : 'static ' storage-class specifier illegal on members \r\n \r\nanyway, i really dont want all my data members to be static. i would rather find a way to use the window procedure without it being static. thanks anyway.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tokay, i think i just figured something out. the reason the wndproc member function must be static is because in the Create function i try to pass a pointer to the function while initializing the WNDCLASSEX structure. So that means the pointer MUST point to a valid function, and therefore an instance of the class or at least that function must be in existence. static makes sure there is always an instance available. \r\n \r\nbut that's pretty crappy. why can't i pass a pointer that refers to the wndproc that is created with the instance that is created? i hope you catch my drift. i mean, say you have the following: \r\n \r\n
when instBen is created, shouldn't an instance of cBenProc() be created to? therefore, isn't the pointer being passed a valid pointer? i am confused.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1. Store a pointer to your class object in your window by setting the last parameter of CreateWindowEx to this. \r\n \r\n2. Set the lpfnWndProc parameter of the WNDCLASSEX struct to the name of your static wndproc. \r\n \r\n3. In your static wndproc check for WM_NCCREATE, cast the lParam to a CREATESTRUCT pointer of which the lpCreateParams is your class object pointer. Cast that value to get a usable ptr to your class. \r\n \r\n4. Still within your WM_NCCREATE handler, store the class ptr obtained in 3 using SetWindowLongPtr or SetWindowLong with the GWL_USERDATA flag. Use the pointer to call your class message handler function, if you have one or use DefWindowProc as normal. \r\n \r\n5. For all subsequent messages use GetWindowLongPtr (or GetWindowLong) to retrieve your class pointer (same GWL_USERDATA flag, casting to the required type for your class object) and use that to call your class handler for that particular message. \r\n \r\n6. For unhandled messages/default system handling call DefWindowProc as normal. \r\n \r\nNotes: \r\n \r\n1. WM_NCCREATE, WM_CREATE and a couple of other msgs are sent during processing of CreateWindowEx, so you lose the capability to properly handle messages sent to your window prior to WM_NCCREATE, the first point at which your class pointer becomes available to your static wndproc. \r\n \r\n2. Static procedures cannot be virtual so it's a good idea to have a virtual wndproc which the static wndproc forwards messages to for cracking/handling. \r\n \r\n>>why can't i pass a pointer that refers to the wndproc that is created with the instance that is created<< \r\n \r\nBecause your class wndproc has an implicit this ie is NOT of type WNDPROC (see winuser.h for its declaration) required by WNDCLASSEX, so use a static window procedure instead.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tthanks ken, that works, but when i tried to make it a bit more efficient, i ran into some trouble. \r\nobserve: (by the way, i allocated an extra byte to the window memory) \r\n \r\n
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If im not mistaken, the pointer i retrieved points to somewhere i shouldn't be changing. however, it works fine when the pointer is retrieved within the WM_CLOSE message capture, and the code has not been modified, just moved. so what is going on? \r\n \r\ndamn i hate this static crap! if only the wndproc could avoid being static, then it would be easy. are you sure it has to be so difficult?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>An alternative to Davros's fine suggestion and arguably a more typical approach to what you are attempting is to retrieve a pointer to your class object and work through that within your static wndproc. \r\n \r\nI would agree with that. If you can pass a pointer of the object through the callback function, this is better. Using static data will work, but will never be thread safe because the same data is shared for all object instances. \r\n \r\nIf ever you need to use static data in the future, you need to initialise them also, like so: \r\n \r\n(header file) \r\n
Anyone knows how to create a dialog-based application that can plenty views. In the main UI, when a button is selected, a view corresponding to this click is displayed, instead of displaying another dialog. So that all dialogs are switched back and forth. \r\n \r\nany input is a big help... thank you.
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Not too sure what you are trying to achieve.... \r\n \r\n \r\nIf you want a display that allows multiple views in one window, then try a Tab Control. This is a type of common control. \r\n \r\nLookup WC_TABCONTROL on MSDN
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>>> Not too sure what you are trying to achieve.... \r\n \r\nMe neither, but you could build a series of child windows displaying whatever it is you want in whatever format you want but have them disabled, and then enable whichever is appropriate in the button message handler.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ti've been thinking... (yes, i do think occasionally ) \r\n \r\ncan we do programming contests? it would certainly be within the bounds of this site. it's definately c/c++ related. \r\nflashdaddee does something every two months when all is said and done (and said and done and said...). we've had an obfuscated code contest, a pig-latin translator contest, and recently, an encryption contest (which prelude won). \r\n \r\nsince cprogramming.com gains more traffic than flashdaddee, there would be more participants. more participants means more fun (and more headaches on the mod's part...but it wouldn't be that hard.) \r\n \r\nso... who's for the idea?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
There are my credentials. It seriously sounds like a heated, yet fun contest though. \r\n \r\nBTW, I must say (sorry ygfperson) that this sort of belongs in GD.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tgo ahead, move it to gd. \r\n \r\ni was serious, btw. why not something simple, like an object oriented new data type? something like a bignum, or a bitstream, or a 'nother kind of string?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tJust one more wrong move.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twell im guessing you know html if you can program if not you could probably learn it fast so why not make a site just for programming contests and get it out there i would help too\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\there's what i'm proposing: (and i'm open for suggestions) \r\nwe start a contest, week-long, saturday \r\nafter which the judges take a few days judging the entries and score it according to a 5 point scale. \r\nthere will be a 15-person limit on contestants, first come first serve \r\nand probably 3, or 4 judges who will report the final scores to me(or a moderator, this is open to change). \r\nof course, judges can't participate in the contest, nor can they discuss results before they are meant to be released. \r\n \r\nfor example: \r\npig-latin contest \r\n14 people sign up \r\n4 ppl volenteer to judge \r\n9 people submit their entries (through e-mail, or maybe pm) by the deadline. \r\nthe person who receives all the code entries (me) will e-mail to the judges the pig-latin translators and ask them to judge based on some agreed upon qualities (like efficiency or neatness) \r\nthey report their scores to me and i post the results after averaging the scores together \r\nsay... ken wins. (i'm choosing ken because he lost the flashdaddee contest). he cheers, tastefully thanks the other contestants, and wins some sort of temporary, fleeting praise. (or maybe a name posted somewhere on the website.) \r\n \r\ni'm assuming the mods have no trouble with this. (otherwise they would have said so). flashdaddee does contests in another seperate forum, but then again flashdaddee's known for its many seperate forums... \r\n \r\nso...here are my contest ideas (feel free to suggest others): \r\n
obfuscated code. (more obfuscated == better)
a calculator program written using only bit manipulating operators. (no adding, subtracting, etc.)
a text editor. (more features == better)
a hex editor.
a 3d renderer.
an encryption contest, based on newly made encryption methods.
\r\nand of course, all code needs to be either from a standard library (or close to it, like conio.h), or your own.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ti suggest we ask the mods here if they can have a sticky pointing to our programming contests over at flashdaddee, so that way people can keep flashdaddee as flashdaddee and cprog as cprog.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tthe hat of redundancy hat\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>i'm assuming the mods have no trouble with this \r\n \r\nI think it's a good idea. \r\n \r\nI guess we need three categories for each contest: \r\n \r\nProfessional entries \r\nHobbyist/student entries \r\nJudges \r\n \r\nIf you have a contest, make a post from it on the GD and I will see that it becomes sticky or an announcement. Send me a PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
hth \r\n-nv \r\n \r\nShe was so Blonde, she spent 20 minutes looking at the orange juice can because it said "Concentrate." \r\n \r\nWhen in doubt, read the FAQ. \r\nThen ask a smart question.
\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally Posted by Matus\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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While TLS is not standard, it is certainly an option that defies the problems posed by multi-threading without simply hoping volatile will save the day. I never said I was pro-globals. I am simply offering solutions posed by the original poster's scenario.
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Yes, but it's no longer a global variable - it's a variable accessed through a pointer (in some way - it may be an offset from a segment variable in x86, but that's for all intents and purposes a pointer anyways) - and you can always do that yourself with a little bit of extra pointer stuff. \r\n \r\nAnd volatile has nothing at all to do with TLS - it removes the need to use volatile because the memory is no longer accessible from multiple threads, but it's otherwise unrelated to volatile. Volatile simply means "compiler, please be aware that the use of this variable may change even if you don't think it will from looking at the code", which essentially means "do not optimize away reads/writes of the variable", and it was originally introduced in C as a means to allow the compiler to optimize your normal variables, but tell the compiler that hardware registers that aren't memory needs to be treated differently. It may come in handy with threads too, but it's a side-effect. \r\n \r\n-- \r\nMats
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Isn't searching through the code necessary from time to time?
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Unfortunately, but we should do everything we can to make it easy for future developers. \r\n \r\n
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This kind of approach makes your design non modular. It prevent you from reusing your code in another project, or a different part of the same project. You have to link the entire project to use a single function. Or that function, despite preforming a generic operation, cannot be used, because it hard codes the data. \r\n \r\n
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This is a positive because it allows generic reusable function. So instead of having a function called addPoints(), that sums up a particular array of scores, you can write a generic function called addList() that sums all the elements in any list. This makes for reusable, modular code. \r\n \r\nIn short, this kind of use of global just doesn't scale well.
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\r\nKk Mats no problemo, good reading, good posts!
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Just a point on "reading through the code": I did "dir /s *.h *.cpp" on ONE of the directories of the code I'm working on, that I have worked a bit with: 2.9MB. Another one, that I know very little of: 11.3MB. \r\n \r\nEntire tree of our groups work: 35 MB (in about 3000 files). \r\n \r\nThat's an awful lot of code to "read through" - in fact, I couldn't do my job if I read through all the code before I worked on it - even in a small project with, say, a few hundred kilobytes of code, to understand the use of all variables in all places becomes an impossible task. \r\n \r\n-- \r\nMats
My first question is regarding the condition while(true), does this basically mean that the loop qill continue until something explicitly states to exit the loop? In this case, the break statement? Or this could be triggered by returning something other than 1? Is that right? \r\n \r\nAlso, in this example, the >> operator has been overloaded to read from an istream, in this case a txt file. If there is nothing read then this will break the loop, however the statement below that does not appear to do anything with the input stream? There is nothing explicit within that loop to say read from a stream, yet I think thats what it implies? Any suggestions? \r\n \r\nThanks, \r\n \r\nDarren.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhile forever: \nCreate a month m. \nExtract a month from the stream and store it in m. If this fails, break the loop. \nSet y.month[m.month] to m. \nLoop. \n \nClearer?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Adak\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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io.h certainly IS included in some modern compilers. It is no longer part of the standard for C, but it is nevertheless, included in the very latest Pelles C versions.
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You mean it's included as a crutch to help ancient programmers limp along without them having to relearn too much. \r\n \r\nOutside of your DOS world, your header file is meaningless.
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My first question is regarding the condition while(true), does this basically mean that the loop qill continue until something explicitly states to exit the loop? In this case, the break statement?
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Yes, exactly. \r\n \r\n
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Nope. The only way out of such a loop is break, return, or exit (or a call to function which calls exit).\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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While forever: \r\nCreate a month m. \r\nExtract a month from the stream and store it in m. If this fails, break the loop. \r\nSet y.month[m.month] to m. \r\nLoop. \r\n \r\nClearer?
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A little. I can see that if there is no stream, then the loop will break. However I can't see where it says to extract a month from the stream. Does that part basically mean, get the data from the stream and if it fails, break? \r\n \r\nThanks.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by darren78\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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...Does that part basically mean, get the data from the stream and if it fails, break? \r\n \r\nThanks.
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That is exactly what it does. Take this code: \r\n
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istream& file = is >> m; // The >> operator returns the stream itself, is.\r\nif (!file) break; // If we were unable to extract the data from the file into m, the file will be marked as "bad".
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This is also essentially the same as \r\n
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The is >> m extracts the month from the file, if there is one. We know that because m is a month.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Adak\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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io.h certainly IS included in some modern compilers. It is no longer part of the standard for C, but it is nevertheless, included in the very latest Pelles C versions.
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You mean it's included as a crutch to help ancient programmers limp along without them having to relearn too much. \r\n \r\nOutside of your DOS world, your header file is meaningless.
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That is exactly what it does. Take this code: \r\n
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istream& file = is >> m; // The >> operator returns the stream itself, is.\r\nif (!file) break; // If we were unable to extract the data from the file into m, the file will be marked as "bad".
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This is also essentially the same as \r\n
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The is >> m extracts the month from the file, if there is one. We know that because m is a month.
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Thanks, It's all a little clearer now! \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAllright, So in continues to some replies that have been I see I eventually need to open a new thread. \r\n \r\nI already read the topic about the rand() in the FAQ and couldn't get the answer I was looking for. I also didn't get the answer in the replies I got. Although I got great answers that did the job when you don't use scanf. When I tried applying it into the program I want to create - it did not work well. \r\n \r\nI'm trying to create a program that will run several weight categories. \r\nEach category needs to have its own weight approximations. (between 'x' to 'y') \r\n \r\nLets say we have only 2 categories. In each category there are 3 men and 3 women. \r\n \r\nIn category A, the approximated weight is between 50-80. \r\nIn category B, the approximated weight is between 81-100. \r\n \r\nThe user will need to enter one of the categories and choose 1 men and 1 woman. \r\nBefore he chooses he will see their weight. (Their weight needs to be random, within the category randomized limits that were set earlier) \r\n \r\nNow after the user have chosen, lets say he needs to choose again from the same category... \r\n \r\nI want to make sure that the other 4 people that remained in that category he entered earlier, won't necessary have the same weight again, but different weights - within the category randomized limits that were set earlier. So when next time he enters that category - it will not be exactly the same. it doesn't need to be completely different, after all we're talking about random here, but it does need to be abit different. \r\n \r\nI think my main problem is to create a loop that will randomize the people weights within the category. \r\n \r\nI just want to say thanks to dwks & iMalc who did help me understanding the rand() process, I guess I should have explained myself better from the start. \r\n \r\nHope somebody could help me with this one.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIt seems like you know how to get rand to give you something in a specific range, so do that. \r\n \r\nYou will have to keep generating new weights until each person has a unique weight. Keep the weights that satisfy the range and uniqueness requirement so far in an array, and do a linear search to check as you handle each new person's weight. \r\n \r\nThis approach would work well if you decided to use user input as well, instead of a PRNG.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUnless you allow for the exact same state to happen again, by random chance, then you are interfering with the randomness. \r\n \r\nYou get random by letting it be random, not by manipulating it to make it LOOK random.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tare you positive on that? \nI mean... there must be some kind of way to program the random behavior. \n \nlike... (in words): "random but the next time you random don't repeat at least 1 (if not even more) of the results you gave the last time." \nedit: adding to the formula (in words): "but if you do repeat all of them, skip it and do random again until it's optimal" \n \nLook, I don't mind that for 3 out of 4 people that remained - it will be exactly the same in the results, but atleast 1 of them oughta be different. can't that be arranged somehow?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Look, I don't mind that for 3 out of 4 people that remained - it will be exactly the same in the results, but atleast 1 of them oughta be different. can't that be arranged somehow?
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The only way to avoid a repeat is to track every configuration and make sure you never repeat it. There is no way to "program" the rand() function to do that for you. \r\n \r\nAnd it won't be random anymore.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tUnless you allow for the exact same state to happen again, by random chance, then you are interfering with the randomness. \n... \nAnd it won't be random anymore.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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I am not so sure about that. Looking at it from another angle, sy84n is asking about how to select a few numbered cards at random from a bag without replacement. The bag contains cards with distinct numbers. That there is no replacement does not mean the selection is not random.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Bjarne Stroustrup (2000-10-14)\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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I get maybe two dozen requests for help with some sort of programming or design problem every day. Most have more sense than to send me hundreds of lines of code. If they do, I ask them to find the smallest example that exhibits the problem and send me that. Mostly, they then find the error themselves. "Finding the smallest program that demonstrates the error" is a powerful debugging tool.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by brewbuck\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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The only way to avoid a repeat is to track every configuration
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You don't need every configuration. You need only the last one that was. The ideal is that it won't repeat itself after what it was 1 time before. \n \nexample: \n1st round - 1, 2, 3, 4 \n2nd round - 1, 2, 6, 4 (result = different from the 1st time in only 1 case) \n3rd round - 2, 2, 6, 4 (result = different from the 2nd time in only 1 case) \n4th round - 1, 3, 4, 2 (result = exactly like the 1st time but different from the 3rd time) \n \n \nRegarding to the cards idea, \nwell it's not exactly like that, there's an imagination but a big change. \n \nlike say that in the 1st round (above), you choosed #2. \nso.. in the 2nd round, #2 should not appear because it is now out of the cards bag. \nBUT, in that same 2nd round, #1 or #3 or #4 should not appear, because as said earlier - at least one of them should not be in the bag now. \n \nI know how it sounds... like it's a rigged card game \nbut seriously speaking now, it's not supposed to be a card game in the first place. \nI don't want to get into specifics right now, but lets just say I will be really amazed if there's no solution for that. \n \nI'm not really asking to program the random function itself. \nI'm asking to program it's results, after he gave them. \nso when he gives me the results I do not want - it will re-random until he applies the program I made for the upcoming results. \n \nthe main problem on that is that when it will re-random, it will be based on the bad results he gave earlier, meaning I might do get the numbers that were already there, before "I" asked to re-random. \n \nIf you're confused by now.. don't worry, took me some time myself to get it straight \n \n \nto make it clear: \n \n1st round = bad result. \n2nd round = re-random based on 1st round's bad result, don't give that result again. = different result. \n3rd round = bad results (meaning the same bad results on the 1st round). << The random "will think" this is a good result because as far as "it" knows, he didn't gave the same result as in the last 2nd round, but he did gave the bad result of the 1st round without knowing he did. \n \nIt's a messy messy challenge, I know.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by sy84n; 03-31-2008 at 01:13 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
lol \r\n \r\nYeah, but I don't want to learn another "language" just to use vi :D \r\n \r\n In emacs its: \r\n \r\n ctrl - x -s to save \r\n ctrl - x - c to quit \r\n \r\nIts not too bad actually. I do wish to learn vi, as maybe someday I might be working on a system that does not have any editor that I am familiar with, and I understand that vi is pretty standard on just about any *nix system. The trouble is that I take the path of least resistance, and I am not *forced* to learn a new editor right now. Regarding the difficulty of learning any complex set of commands for an editor, its been my experience (and of course someone will likely give an example to remind me that the opposite is true) that the harder something is to learn, the more useful it is when it is learned. I should start with vi sometime soon, and get used to at least some of the basic stuff anyway.
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I could write a full-length vim howto but I will not. \r\njust simple commands for now. \r\n \r\nto get to the command line: \r\nctrl+c \r\ncommands begin with : \r\n:w - write \r\n:q - quit \r\n:c - cancel \r\n:cq - cancel and quit \r\n:wq - write and quit (save and quit) \r\n \r\nto start editing simply press i when the program starts, i for input. If you want to search for a string get to the command line and type \r\n'/my_search_string_here' \r\nwithout the single quotes \r\n \r\nthats all, simple I think. emacs has a lot of nice features but like you said im not forced to learn it so I probably won't until I'm really bored. \r\n \r\n-LC
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Ok cool then. I was going to start wrestling with some of those 'evil' exercises from K&R (not really evil, but some of them look hard), and I think I will try my hand at vi while I do them.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\thi: \r\n I just want to create such mail system to send mail in C#: \r\nhere is the code: \r\n \r\n MailMessage mail = new MailMessage(); \r\nmail.From = "[email protected]"; \r\nmail.To = "[email protected]"; \r\nmail.Subject = "Test Message"; \r\nmail.Body = "Test Message"; \r\nmail.BodyFormat = MailFormat.Text; \r\nSmtpMail.Send(mail); \r\n \r\nand it crashed with such message: \r\nCound not access 'CDO.Messgae' object. \r\nI have the outlook, what is the problem? \r\nthank you!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tthe hat of redundancy hat\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDo you know what is meant by the CDO.Message object ? \r\n \r\nVarious answers I found on the net by searching Google: \r\n \r\n"About could not access CDO.Message object.. This is because your SMTP server does not allow routing by itself.. You have to go into the SMTP properties, change the Relay permissions to allow it to relay from 127.0.0.1 (or localhost). This will allow itself to relay out messages. " \r\n \r\nOR \r\n \r\n"Try adding ... SmtpMail.SmtpServer = "localhost" ... as noted here: http://www.orcsweb.com/articles/emailasp.asp" \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nCheck this for a nice example: \r\nhttp://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Internet/MailingAppMG.asp\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
hth \r\n-nv \r\n \r\nShe was so Blonde, she spent 20 minutes looking at the orange juice can because it said "Concentrate." \r\n \r\nWhen in doubt, read the FAQ. \r\nThen ask a smart question.
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hth \r\n-nv \r\n \r\nShe was so Blonde, she spent 20 minutes looking at the orange juice can because it said "Concentrate." \r\n \r\nWhen in doubt, read the FAQ. \r\nThen ask a smart question.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTo add to nvoigt's reply, \r\n \r\nI think you should try to install IIS, it's on the Windows CD, \r\nit's an optional feature (for win2k pro anyways) \r\n \r\nAlso note your spelling: \r\n>> Cound not access 'CDO.Messgae' object. \r\nMessage is spelled incorrect, did you code this or just mistype it on the thread ?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI mistyped this, it should be \r\ncould not access CDO.Message object, it came from the exception handler,I'll try the way you told me, thank you very much\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOk, it didn't work even after I installed IIS, I got the same errror message, so I checked the website,somehow they said that "Microsoft SMTP service" also needed to be installed, so how can I do with that? \r\nthanks\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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hth \r\n-nv \r\n \r\nShe was so Blonde, she spent 20 minutes looking at the orange juice can because it said "Concentrate." \r\n \r\nWhen in doubt, read the FAQ. \r\nThen ask a smart question.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\there is the code: \r\nprivate button1_click(..........) \r\n{ \r\n MailMessage mailMsg = new MailMessage(); \r\n mailMsg.From = txtFrom.Text; // source email address \r\n mailMsg.To = "[email protected]"; // destination email address \r\n mailMsg.Cc = txtCC.Text; \r\n mailMsg.Bcc = txtBCC.Text; \r\n mailMsg.Subject = txtSub.Text; \r\n mailMsg.Body = txtBody.Text; \r\n \r\n if(txtBody.Text==""||txtSub.Text=="") \r\n MessageBox.Show("Wrong Input","Error", \r\n MessageBoxButtons.OK,MessageBoxIcon.Information); \r\n else \r\n {\t \r\n\tSmtpMail.Send(mailMsg); \r\n\tMessageBox.Show("message has been sent"); \r\n } \r\n} \r\nCreate the the corresponding text boxes with the names above, before run it, install the IIS from Win2k CD the add-on option and \r\n"Microsoft SMTP service" I found from the internet, but forgot the link. These are all what I have done, good luck.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOk C gurus... all my books say avoid goto statements. So why do they appear by the thousands in glibc functions? The linux kernel had almost 30,000 of them! What is the correct situation to use a goto? \r\n \r\nThanks in advance, \r\nDaniel \r\n \r\n \r\nPS \r\nI have no intention of using a goto, I just found it odd that they were used so often.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHey there. Right now I'm working on a C++ Keylogger (educational purposes) so I can better understand how to hook things. I want to create a global Keyboard hook so I can read keystrokes that I press. How would I do this? Where is a good place to start? So far I know that I have to use the Virtual Key system if I want to single out a key like: VK_RETURN would be enter. Can anyone help me with this project? Thank you.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHmmm. \nIf you scour msn for SetWindowsHookEx I think you'll find plenty of information. \nI haven't used hooks very much so I don't remember how to do it. \nJust note that global hooks must be placed in a dll and will also slow the system down somewhat.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Elysia; 02-01-2008 at 06:40 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Adak\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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io.h certainly IS included in some modern compilers. It is no longer part of the standard for C, but it is nevertheless, included in the very latest Pelles C versions.
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Salem\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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You mean it's included as a crutch to help ancient programmers limp along without them having to relearn too much. \r\n \r\nOutside of your DOS world, your header file is meaningless.
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Hmmm. \nIf you travel msn for SetWindowsHookEx I think you'll find plenty of information. \nI haven't used hooks very much so I don't remember how to do it. \nJust note that global hooks must be placed in a dll and will also slow the system down somewhat.
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They must be placed in a dll? So I compile a dll in C++ and declare it in another program? \n \nI've read somewhere that you can use Sleep(50); to speed it up a bit. \n \nEDIT: I searched around and found out the easy way to set up a global keyboard hook, now how would I make it display messages? And what is the different between a global and a thread hook? \n \nThank you.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by darknite135; 02-01-2008 at 06:40 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tReason: More content\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYou will have to create both a dll and an application (exe) to make it work. \r\nThen link that dll you your application. Tutorials on that? Hmmm. There was some at the board before. Let's see if I can find it. \r\nAnd using Sleep with hooks is generally a bad idea. \r\nThe problem is that Windows will call your program code for every keyboard message that gets passed around in the system. And your program must respond to them and pass on the hook and message to its next recipient. \r\nSo sleeping is bad idea there. \r\n \r\nAh, here it is. \r\nThis applies mostly to Visual Studio: \r\nhttp://cboard.cprogramming.com/showthread.php?t=98191 \r\n \r\nQuote from MSDN: \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tThe global hooks are a shared resource, and installing one affects all applications in the same desktop as the calling thread. All global hook functions must be in libraries. Global hooks should be restricted to special-purpose applications or to use as a development aid during application debugging. Libraries that no longer need a hook should remove its hook procedure.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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So essentially, global affects all applications in the system - it's global.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Elysia; 02-01-2008 at 06:49 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Adak\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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io.h certainly IS included in some modern compilers. It is no longer part of the standard for C, but it is nevertheless, included in the very latest Pelles C versions.
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Salem\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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You mean it's included as a crutch to help ancient programmers limp along without them having to relearn too much. \r\n \r\nOutside of your DOS world, your header file is meaningless.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\thttp://cboard.cprogramming.com/showthread.php?t=98557 \r\n \r\nOk your other thread was about hacking a game and this thread is about hooking the keyboard? \r\n \r\nSounds suspicious to me.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI want to move a trackbar by sending messages to the dialog... \r\nI'm not sure exactly how I'm supposed to use it. \r\nI know from used spy++ that when I move the bar the it gets the msgs WM_HSCROLL npos:0-1000 \r\nSB_THUMBTRACK \r\nSB_ENDSCROLL \r\nWM_CTLCOLORSTATIC \r\n \r\nAny ideas?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tVA National Guard\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
by default, the range of a scroll bar is 0 (top or left) through 100 (bottom or right), but it's easy to change the range to something that is more convenient for the program: \r\n
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\r\nGeneral Strategy for Scrollbar Implementation \r\n \r\nTwo general methods for repainting a window after scrollbar movement. The first way, is to repaint the window only once.. after the user has completed movement of the scrollbar thumb. This method basically sucks, because the user has to guess the correct location of where they wish to scroll. \r\n \r\nThe second method (and most popular) is the repaint the window as the user is moving the scrollbar. This involves real-time processing of WM_VSCROLL and WM_HSCROLL messages. The wParam is divided into a low word and high word. The low word of wParam is a number that indicates what the mouse is doing to the scroll bar: \r\n
\r\nHere are some additional thoughts to consider: \r\n \r\nWindow's responsibility for scrollbar maintenance \r\n
Provide a reverse-video "flash" when the user clicks the scroll bar
Move the thumb as the user drags the thumb within the scroll bar
Send scroll bar message to the window procedure of the window containing the scroll bar
\r\n \r\nResponsibilities of your program: \r\n
Initialize the range and position of the scroll bar
Process the scroll bar messages to the window procedure
Update the position of the scroll bar thumb
Change the contents of the client area in response to a change in the scroll bar.
\r\n \r\nHere is some example code that you can examine that may add some inside on scrollbar implementation. Here is the header file, and here is the .c driver program. (yes it is a .c file, but it's all winapi) Basically, the program will display all the "system metrics" of your computer.. but more importantly, it introduces scrollbar concept.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by The Brain; 04-21-2005 at 03:47 AM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tSupermassive black hole\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\tIf it's not one thing...\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t... it's another. VS 2003. \r\n \r\nFirst, some of you may recall, I had to reinstall it because for some reason it wasn't giving me the option to create .c/cpp or .h files from within the IDE (File->New->File...). \r\n \r\nNow it refuses to acknowledge the fact that I have Bitstream Vera Sans Mono installed, one of my favourite programming fonts. It recognises Bitstream Vera Sans Mono Bold Oblique, which I loathe, however. \r\n \r\nI've tried reinstalling the font (VeroMono.ttf) and really, really don't want to reinstall VS (not that I think it'll make a difference). \r\n \r\nAny ideas? \r\nI could use another IDE... \r\n \r\nEDIT: By "recognise" I mean appearing in the list of available fonts.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Videogame Memories! \r\nA site dedicated to keeping videogame memories alive! \r\n \r\nhttp://www.videogamememories.com/ \r\nShare your experiences with us now! \r\n \r\n"We will game forever!"
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tCat without Hat\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
All the buzzt! \r\n CornedBee \r\n \r\n"There is not now, nor has there ever been, nor will there ever be, any programming language in which it is the least bit difficult to write bad code." \r\n- Flon's Law
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tSupermassive black hole\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWell that sucks. I mean, like, zomgtahtsux. \r\nNow I face a question: Do I carry on using Courier New or Dina, or do I ditch VS in favor of Code::Blocks? \r\n \r\nQuestion to Code::Blocks users: You have to (have to?) use GDB for debugging right? What's it like? Can you get a disassembly of your code while debugging? \r\n \r\n/me is not a happy bunny.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChanging tools on face of a font choice is not wise, I think. Even knowing I would be the first to tell you to move to MinGW, I don't advise you to do that. Fonts you get used to. But being already productive on an IDE means you should stick to it. \n \nAs for GDB. Personally I like it very much. It's an excellent debugger and you can get a disassembly yes. Personally I got used to GDB shell so I hardly use it on the the IDE. Besides there's really not enough screen estate that could handle all of GDB features on a GUI interface. \n \nA few days ago I bough Slick/Edit. So I've moved out Code::Blocks. However I advise you to use the nightly builds, not the download made available on their site. Also download GDB 6.3 from MinGW's sourceforge site. \n \nHowever... just use Microsoft's forums for your font problem. Don't change your IDE over a font problem.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Originally Posted by brewbuck: \n Reimplementing a large system in another language to get a 25% performance boost is nonsense. It would be cheaper to just get a computer which is 25% faster. \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI haven't changed. I dug up a font I actually posted up here a while ago: Dina. It's pretty close to BVSM - I'm starting to find sans fonts quite appealing.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBefore I start whining on the MSDN forums about this (searching found nothing by the way) I think it's wise that I download and apply the service pack (1) that I didn't know about until 2 minutes ago. \r\n \r\n http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/d...DisplayLang=en\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWell as much fun as that was, it didn't work. \r\nI'm not going to bother with the MSDN forums either after looking at the number of replies the threads seem to get in relation to the number of views. \r\n \r\nWell I tried.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Originally Posted by brewbuck: \n Reimplementing a large system in another language to get a 25% performance boost is nonsense. It would be cheaper to just get a computer which is 25% faster. \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ti have 3 files (will be more when i finnish) \r\n \r\nthe hedder file that has the #include<stdio.h> etc, the prottyping for all the functions, and structures \r\n \r\nthen i have the c file with the main in it, which calls a function in the other file, has a include statment to the hedder. \r\n \r\nand the other file whihc has a include to the hedder, and the definition of the functions. \r\n \r\nhowever when i compile/link it i get the errors \r\n \r\nLinking... \r\nmain.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _DisplyAllVideos \r\nmain.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _AddNewVideo \r\nDebug/vslib.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 2 unresolved externals \r\nError executing link.exe. \r\n \r\nany ideas??\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tmain.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _DisplyAllVideos \r\nmain.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _AddNewVideo \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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These errors mean the compiler doesnt recognize those functions, doesnt even know that they are functions. \r\n \r\nCheck you have included the functions header in both .c files. \r\n \r\nmyfuncs.h : contains your function prototypes. \r\n It dosent need to include any other files. \r\n \r\nmyfuncs.c : contains your coded functions, this needs to include "myfuncs.h" and any other header needed for standard functions. \r\n \r\nmain.c : Contains your main function. This needs to include "myfuncs.h" and any other header needed for standard functions, you don't need to include myfuncs.c in main.c. \r\n \r\nIf this is how you have done it, then I don't know. \r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHave you installed your compiler correctly?? \r\n \r\nIf you won´t post any sourcecode or give us some details about your system, you will never get any answer. \r\n \r\nklausi\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
I am trying to create a function that can calculate the triangle coordinates that must be used in order to fill in a quad on a plane. I have it already type out and I am using the function but it obviously doesn't work (Jagged protruding shapes form around my little spaceship and they extend twice the distance of the entire model, its weird). \r\n \r\nI didn't want to post the source because it is confusing, I just want to review the steps I took to make sure I have the correct idea. As a side note I already spoke with a math teacher but I cannot go back to him at this time \r\n \r\nAlgorithm: \r\n-Read coordinates from file \r\n-Divides each coordinate by ScaleSize, store in float[3] array \r\n-Finds which vector is longest (this is hypotenuse) \r\n-Find midpoint of hypotenuse \r\n-Find length from midpoint of hypotenuse to other the coordinate in the triangle, store in scalarvalue \r\n-multiply this by 2 \r\n-subtract scalarvalue from other vertex to get last coordinate of triangle \r\n \r\nfor example: \r\nif AB is the longest, find the midpoint of a to b, find the length from midpoint[ab] to c, find the length of the vector that goes from midpoint[ab] to c. multiply that length by 2 to get vertex c in the mirror triangle. verticies a and b will be the same in both triangles. \r\n \r\nI hope that made sense, please ask me questions if you have no clue what i am talking about and i will try to explain myself a little bit better. \r\n \r\n-Thanks if you can help me
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI was sitting at my computer, playing a game that has worked just fine on several computers, except for occasionaly just literaly blinking out of existance. This means the game disapears, and all I see is my desktop. This is normal for the game, but I decided to open up IE. This resulted in an average cpu usage of 50% for about 1 minute. I got one of those "the system has recovered from a catostrophic error," then, I saw the eMachines logo screen, (yes, i know, stop laughing) and then saw the (win xpHome) screen with the statis bar, shutting down, then turning on. Now IE seems to work fine. Just what is up with this. This is not the first time that IE has done this, even when I boot and open IE without anything else. \r\n \r\nWHY CAN'T MICROSOFT MAKE ITS OWN PRODUCTS COMPATABLE! \r\n \r\nAnother time it has done it is when I try to update McAfee.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
The only good thing about freezing beyond feeling in the final Nordic ski race was that I couldn't feel that tumble I did going about 30 mph, maybe more. \r\nOn the other hand, not feeling any part of my body for 30 minutes was scary, especialy for my manhood. \r\n \r\nWindoze: XP, hate it, though its more stable than my old 98SE \r\nDream: linux, mandrake, then slackware.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tit might be your video card. i remember this used to happen on myold computer, it was because my power supply wasn't big enough, and the 1.5v rail would go under 1.5v and the video card would take a crap. \r\n \r\nthe system most likely logged the error and what it exactly was..go into "event viewer" under administrative tools in the control panel, and copy and paste the message for the event that matches the time of what happened to you...that should be a good place to start\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tY'know... that really isn't a wise thing to do. There's a reason the computer restarts, it's pottentially damaging to hardware so it's restarting itself. My current PC does this about once every other day.... but I know why. I have a VooDoo 5 5500 in this computer and Win XP. The XP drivers are terrible, so I have 3rd party drivers (dozer 1.0). They're kinda, well, not stable but I tried unchecking the auto-restart and instead of restarting my entire computer froze! \r\n \r\nI highly doubt that it's Internet Explorer that's causing the restart, most of the time this is caused by unstable hardware problems, such as hardware.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdozer drivers are the pits for that card travis. When i had my V5 (i sold it for 75 bucks woot!) on this comp on xp i went by this guide: \r\n \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tDrivers \r\nYou should start by downloading the latest drivers for the Voodoo 4/5 you can find the latest Windows 9x\\Me driver here <http://www.voodoofiles.com/3203>, the latest Windows 2000 driver here <http://www.voodoofiles.com/2764> & the latest NT4 driver here <http://www.voodoofiles.com/3511>. Should you need drivers for other Operating Systems (Or different versions) then try Voodoo Files <http://www.voodoofiles.com/listall.a...vers&Sort=Name>. Once these are installed you might also want to try the new beta drivers from x3dfx <http://212.250.187.36/drivers4.html>, although you must have a current driver installed before installing these. NOTE - Before you install the x3dfx drivers ensure you backup your current 3dfxvs.dll/3dfxvs.vxd (Depending on which Operating System is installed). Once the x3dfx driver is installed then replace their 3dfxvs.dll (Or 3dfxvs.vxd) with the version you backed up. This is because the x3dfx Direct3D driver is basically messed up. \r\nYou also should have DirectX 8 <http://www.microsoft.com/directx/hom...ds/default.asp> or later installed also. \r\nYou may also want to try the WickedGL <http://www.wicked3d.com/technology/wickedGL.htm> for OpenGL games, particularly Quake 3 engine games (such as FAKK 2) as it can give better performance & visual quality than the 3dfx OpenGL driver. Those of you playing older Quake 1/2 engine games may find that the 3dfx MiniGL 1.49 <http://www.voodoofiles.com/3582> delivers significantly better performance than the 3dfx OpenGL driver in those games too.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfyi- \r\nI am talking about a stock emachine, with one more stick ram, and a backup dial-up modem. It has (gulp) an on-board video card. So I doubt the video is causing restarts. \r\n \r\nAlso, the game blinking out is just something wrong with the game itself. It happens on all sorts of systems. (You just have to save the game frequently).\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally posted by RoD \r\ndozer drivers are the pits for that card travis. When i had my V5 (i sold it for 75 bucks woot!) on this comp on xp i went by this guide: \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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Thanks RoD There's also the armigilan (have no idea on spelling) drivers that are supposed to be pretty sweet but last time I tried them my computer really got messed up. I'll give that guide thingy you posted a try, because I'm not too impressed with these dozer drivers. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nwindoze victim, I'm really not sure what's going on. This is the replacement computer for your old compaq? I know it's a replacement for something, can't remeber the brand \r\n \r\nAnyway... there's about a 99% chance the computer you got is refurbished. That is of course the way the warranty business works, it's too costly for them to give away brand new stuff . It could be anything in the system that has been refurbished. CD-ROM, harddrive, motherboard, just about anything. It's very difficult to pin point something though You have a warranty on this one? You might give that a try. I'll almost guarantee they'll make you run the restore on in, to cover their backs software wise, but it may be worth a try!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Fyodor your sig says this \r\n \r\n>Windows XP consists of 32 bit extensions and a graphical shell for a 16 bit patch to an 8 bit operating system originally coded for a 4 bit microprocessor, written by a 2 bit company, that can't stand 1 bit of competition.< \r\n \r\nWindows XP is a true 32 bit OS like linux not an extanstion. Windows ME was the last 32 bit extenstion. Some one should be able to confirm what I said.
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05-17-2002
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great! \r\n it's a joke, It amused me \r\n \r\nbad couple a days, can you tell \r\n:( :o
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05-18-2002
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This has been pointed out several times already. I really don't care all that much. And I do not think it necessay to start a whole new thread for your world shaking announcement? If it was all that important to you, you should have just posted it in a thread such as the poetry one...
I'm trying to make a program with a framebuffer but Im having problems with BitBlt. Its giving me very wierd displays. \r\nIt is just meant to copy the memhdc over hdc and draw hdc but its giving me various displays depending on the amount of calls to it. \r\n \r\n1 call: works correctly except redaws over entire window not just client area. \r\n \r\n2 call: tries to fit entire desktop into client area \r\n \r\n3 call:redraws entire window into client area \r\n \r\n4 call: same as 2 \r\n \r\n5 call: works fine \r\n \r\nThis is not the only set of calls I get but this is the most common and most sets include the same things only in different order. This is my BitBlt call: \r\nBitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, clientWidth, clientHeight, memhdc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY) ; \r\n \r\nclientWidth and clientHeight is initilized in WM_CREATE to the height and width of the Client area respectivly. \r\nAlso if I have the window in the background it doesnt re-paint as seemingly random part of my window:confused: \r\n \r\nAny help would be most appreciated \r\n \r\nSincerly, \r\nIsometric
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02-03-2002
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Are clientWidth and clientHeight global variables or declared static? \r\n \r\nYou may have to post more code, your BitBlt() looks ok.
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02-03-2002
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They're Global. What code should I post?WM_PAINT or one of the drawing functions?
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02-03-2002
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>What code should I post? \r\n \r\nAnything that may be causing it :) .
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02-04-2002
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Well how are you loading memhdc? \r\n \r\nShould go somethin like: \r\n \r\nhdc = GetDC(hwnd); \r\n \r\n//ENCAPSULATE THE BELOW IN A FUNCTION... \r\n \r\nmemhdc = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc); \r\nhbit = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, width, height); \r\nhbrush = GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); \r\nSelectObject(memhdc, hbrush); \r\nSelectObject(memhdc, hbit); \r\nPatBlt(memhdc, width, height, PATCOPY);
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acturally all I was doing was creating a compatible hdc before anything was written but I'll try it your way. I assume I should call the function before every BitBlt correct?
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02-05-2002
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On Init (WM_CREATE or WM_INIT) \r\nGet the DC of the screen \r\nCreate two compatible HDC's incl BMP's (make them the same) Use the function above \r\nPaint them white \r\n \r\nWhen you need to draw; (HDC_1) \r\nClear hdc (paint it white) \r\nDo all drawing \r\nWhen finished BitBlt (HDC_1 -> HDC_2) \r\nCall for a paint msg \r\n \r\nIn paint (response to WM_PAINT msg) \r\nBitBlt (HDC_2 -> hdc from BeginPaint() ) \r\n \r\n \r\nUse this in the paint function BEFORE the call to BeginPaint(). This MUST be done before BeginPaint() valiates the update rect. \r\n
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI want to use text-based web browser "links" to store the html code of a website.but dont know what is the way to implement it in a \r\nc-program. e.g. to save the html code of cprogramming.com, how do i do that? Also, if i want to detect any active links to other pages in the stored html codethan how should i distinguish those from the html code?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHello everyone, \r\n \r\n \r\nI have used unmanaged C++ developed a native COM DLL. Then I use OLE Viewer (from command line oleview) to open (Bind To File function) the DLL. Then there is an error message. \r\n \r\nIMoniker:BindToObject failed on the file moniker created from (c:\\temp\\foo.dll) Bad extension for file \r\n \r\n(MK_E_INVALIDEXTENSION) ($800401E6) \r\n \r\nAnything wrong? \r\n \r\n \r\nthanks in advance, \r\nGeorge\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAs in unmanaged C++ you mean just everyday normal standardized C++ as opposed to Microsoftie C++? \r\n \r\nSince DLLs and OLE are mentioned in the post I'm moving this to the Windows Programming forum.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\thttp://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms693715.aspx \r\nBased on that, I'd guess your registry entries aren't right. You can try to re-register your dll by running "regsvr32 foo.dll". \r\n \r\ngg\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Ok, I could use some more help on my dos 8.3 filename format problem. Thus far I've gotten the first half of the filename to work thanks to those that helped on the last post. \r\n \r\nchar fileName[13]; \r\nchar filename[13]; // will work on this later \r\nint index = 0; \r\nint count1 = 0; \r\n \r\nfor(count1 = 0; count1 < fileName[count1]; count1++) \r\n{ \r\nstrxfrm(filename, fileName, count1) \r\nif(fileName == '.') \r\n{ \r\nindex = strstr(fileName, ".") - fileName; \r\nif(index > 8) \r\n{ \r\nprintf(filename entry wrong); \r\nexit(1); \r\n} \r\nbreak; // got my filename first half seperated at the . \r\n} \r\n} \r\n \r\nThis portion works now. However, what I can't figure out is how to advance the fileName past the period to catch the second part of the filename. Nothing is working. I also need the second half for error control if the user types in something like my.program. Since it is less than the array it will still be processed though the 8.3 format has been violated. Any ideas? \r\n \r\nTIA
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Assuming there are only ever a maximum of three digits past the '.', simply count back 4 spaces from the end, check to see if it is a '.', if not, advance one, repeat. \r\n \r\nint x; \r\nx=strlen(string)-4; \r\n \r\nQuzah.
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12-18-2001
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I've tried that too, but it doesn't do what I need when I go to copy the stuff after the . to a array variable. The program will make four tests for the filename entered. \r\n \r\ntest 1 - file length < 13 done with strlen \r\ntest 2 - test for the period done with strstr(filename, ".") \r\ntest 3 - first part of file name <= 8 (done with index) \r\ntest 4 - second half of file <= 3 (can't get this to work) \r\n \r\nThat is the part that I need. I've got to strip off the filename up to and including the "." and then copy the rest into an array variable that is later converted to a pointer. If I use the filename[count] method again, it will print garbage for the last three digits \r\n \r\nAny other ideas? \r\n \r\nThanks for the reply.
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+ },
+ {
+ "url": "https://cboard.cprogramming.com/c-programming/5663-totaling-up-numbers-loop-printable-thread.html",
+ "domain": "cboard.cprogramming.com",
+ "file_source": "part-00333-d9b45f53-efdc-4ae8-a3e4-b1d5d9e13869-c000",
+ "content": "\r\n\r\n\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t Totaling up numbers in a for loop?\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n
I'm attempting another simple calculation program... a bank program to be specific. It asks how many deposits does the user want, user inputs x... program asks to input x amount of deposits. Same goes for withdraws. \r\n \r\nWhat I can't figure out is that I want the program to display totals of a deposit. Here's what I have so far \r\n
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\r\n\tprintf ("\\nPlease enter your beginnnng balance: $"); \r\nscanf ("%f", &beg_bal); \r\nprintf ("\\nYour beginning balance is: $%-10.2f", beg_bal); \r\ncur_bal = beg_bal; \r\nprintf ("\\n\\nHow many deposits will you be making? "); \r\nscanf ("%d", &depamt); \r\n \r\n for (index = 1; index <= depamt; index++) \r\n { \r\n printf ("\\nPlease enter a deposit: $"); \r\n scanf ("%f", &deposit); \r\n printf ("\\nYou have deposited : $%6.2f", deposit); \r\n cur_bal+=deposit; \r\n printf ("\\nYour current balance is: $%6.2f\\n", cur_bal); \r\n }\r\n
So basically I have that... but after that, I want to be able to display something like: \r\n \r\n"You have made x deposits which totals $x.xx." \r\n \r\nI'd do something like: \r\nprintf ("You have made %d deposits which totals $%f", depamt, ...); \r\n \r\nBut I've no idea what I can use for the "...". I'm guessing I can do some kind of a foruma for the for loop body but I've no idea what to do. \r\n \r\nSince this is a for loop, it'd be dumb to include a float variable for each deposit... any way to accomplish this? :) Thanks.
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11-21-2001
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I think if you just created a single new variable (cur_deposits) or something like that, and set it to zero before the loop, then add a statement in the loop like \r\n \r\ncur_deposits = cur_deposits + deposit \r\n \r\nthen when you exited the loop, it would contain the total deposited...?
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11-21-2001
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printf ("You have made %d deposits which totals $%f\\n", depamt, cur_bal-beg_bal ); \r\n \r\nPerhaps....
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11-21-2001
\r\n\t\tMad Mikey\r\n\t
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Your problem looks just like an on-going project I have in my "Introduction to C Programming" class. It involves asking for a current balance, amount of monthly payment, and the annual interest rate. \r\n \r\nEvery evolution of the project involves changing the way the information is input by the user and crunched by the program. The last one was using one dimensional arrays to store, crunch, and display the numbers received.
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+ },
+ {
+ "url": "https://cboard.cprogramming.com/game-programming/50705-direct-x-8-include-files.html",
+ "domain": "cboard.cprogramming.com",
+ "file_source": "part-00706-d9b45f53-efdc-4ae8-a3e4-b1d5d9e13869-c000",
+ "content": "\r\n\r\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n \r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t Direct x 8 include files\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi! \r\n \r\nMy current compiler of choice is the Borland 5.5 (the free command line tools). This compiler comes with Direct x 7 include files. Since I would like to be a bit more current, where can I possibly find Drect x 8 include files that are compatable with my compiler? \r\n \r\nP.S. I am not interested in Direct x 9, only Direct x 8 \r\n \r\nThank you for your time! ^_^\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNot sure about this so somebody might have to correct me but I believe that the DirectX 9 SDK has all the headers for previous versions of DirectX, or at least its backwards compatible (sp?) with previous versions of DirectX. Dont take my word for it though, I am not sure and I have never worked with DirectX\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThank you, but I would rather just be able to download the header files needed for Borland (I don't think the ones that come with the SDK are compatible). ^_^\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Hey everybody, \r\n \r\nI have some quick and easy questions for you. Need to create some C++ statements to resemble assembler language (H6809). \r\n \r\nNeed: \r\n \r\n1. ANDA# - computes the bitwise and of memory[pc] and A.... \r\n \r\n2. BEQ - stores the byte held in Memory[PC] (signextended) in EAR. \r\n \r\n \r\nANy help much appreciated!!
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02-09-2002
\r\n\t\tSorensen\r\n\t
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1. You can use the & operator - \r\n \r\nvar &= A; \r\n \r\nwith store the bitwise AND of var and A in var (whatever A represents). \r\n \r\n2. There's no way of working directly with registers in C++ (I'm assuming EAR is a register). However you can use the register keyword as a hint to the compiler to store a variable in a register (which it often ignores). Something like - \r\n \r\nregister byte_t = var; \r\n \r\nwhere var symbolises the location in memory, and byte_t is a typedef of char.
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02-09-2002
\r\n\t\tsamGwilliam\r\n\t
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You could do what he said or you could use: \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\tasm \r\n{ \r\n mov ax, a \r\n mov bx, b \r\n or ax, bx \r\n mov a, ax \r\n}\r\n
This would leave the result in a. I think. My asm is a little rusty.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOn the test that I'm studying for I have a problem to solve but I don't know how to solve that. The problem is the following: \n \nI have various piles of square stones and I need to organize that to make the most perfect possible stairs. There must be 1 stone of difference between each pile. The smallest pile must be always on the left. I'll give a picture to help (the pile of stone is on the left and the organizada pile is on the right): \n \nhttp://img180.imageshack.us/img180/9316/testth.png \n \nDoes anyone know a known algorithm to do this? \n \nThank you, \nRafael Andreatta \n \nEDIT: Ops I forgot to mention what's my input format. \n \nI have the number of piles of stones and the number of stones in each pile.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Taturana182; 03-22-2010 at 05:31 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYou should have shown some code... Useless to help elsewise... Kind of! :P \n \nBut, I made one little thing up for you, hope it helps you in the right direction! \n \n
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#include <iostream>\n#include <iomanip>\n\n#include <stdio.h>\nusing namespace std;\n\n//Global\nint stones[10]; //10 steps, goes from 0 to 9, 10 doesnt count :P\n\nvoid sortout()\n{\n //Order so the "Left pile stone", the index 0 (stones[0]) is the minimum value\n int tempvariable;\n for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)\n {\n for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)\n {\n if(stones[i] < stones[j]) //Stones [j] is larger than [i], switch those two\n {\n tempvariable = stones[i];\n stones[i] = stones[j];\n stones[j] = tempvariable;\n }\n }\n }\n\n for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)\n {\n cout << "After rearrangement, lowest first: " << stones[i] << endl;\n }\n}\n\n\nint main()\n{\n int ii;\n for(int i = 9; i > -1; i--)\n {\n //Creating each 10 steps, initialized to value 9,8,7,6,5,4...\n stones[i] = i;\n cout << "Step " << stones[i] << endl;\n }\n\n //call sorting out, so left is stones[0], lowest pile of stones.\n sortout();\n\n return 0;\n}
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After you run this little program, then you can draw "stones[0]" to the left, which will have the lowest amount of piles.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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I was wondering if there is a better program to use that can monitor how many resources my program uses such as CPU time, memory,memory requirement change, or network usage. I would hope that the program would be more accurate than windows task manager... But I have no idea if there is one out there that is widely used on windows with good results.
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06-06-2005
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I don't know about "more accurage", but there's certainly more information that can be mined and displayed. \r\nI use process explorer for most resources-in-use information: http://www.sysinternals.com \r\n \r\ngg
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06-06-2005
\r\n\t\tanonytmouse\r\n\t
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There is also performance monitor which can be found under Control Panel->Administrative Tools->Performance. If you click Add Counters..., you will find many useful counters under the Process and Thread categories.
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06-07-2005
\r\n\t\t~Kyo~\r\n\t
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The performace option in administrative tools has helped greatly thanks for the help.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOK, I' m unable to post the submissions in this thread, for known reasons, but I hope that every contestant can post their submission here for review. \r\n \r\nOverview \r\nMost people used the Newton-Rhapson method of solving equations. You can google for information about the algorithm, it's not advanced at all. \r\nIf you set up the equation \r\nx^2 - a =0 \r\nIt will have one root x = sqrt(a). The equation is solved with Newton-Rhapson's method. \r\n \r\nTwo different styles of was used to implement the iteration. One involved one general template and one specialization to stop the iteration (which I used in my best solution and also used by the winner). Another interessting implementation was invented by xErath, who used lots of template arguments to obtain the correct number of iterations. \r\n \r\nResults \r\nEveryone listed in the fist post of the original thread has submitted working solutions and are good coders -- this isn't trivial. \r\nHowever, two persons submitted solutions that worked for every value of x >= 1 (I didn't get the time to do extensive tests) -- Okinrus and Fordy \r\n \r\nOf these two, Fordy has the smallest submission. Good work! Fordy is the winner! \r\n \r\nWhile his submission was short, every solution can be made shorter! Here are some of my thoughts: \r\n
Used 'int' and 0/1 instead of 'bool' and true/false
>>1 instead of /2 (getsrid of parentheses)
Somewhat different #defines
\r\nBut this doesn't matter as he was the best anyway! \r\n \r\nI'm really sorry that I was unable to judge xErath's last submission, because it was really short as well!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t&TH of undefined behavior\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t&TH of undefined behavior\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI think this is the final version \n \n
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A more sensible version before I (rather ham-handidly) tried to reduce the amount of code; \n \n
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\n#define B ((b+a/b)/2) template<int a,int b=a/2,bool c=false> struct SquareRoot{static const int v=SquareRoot<a,B,(a/B-B>=0)&&(a/B-B<=2)>::v;}; template<int a,int b>struct SquareRoot<a,b,true>{static const int v=b;}; template<>struct SquareRoot<1>{static const int v=1;}; \r \n\n
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I hate optimising for code size...optimising for speed - yeah, working the code to allow it to work with the maximum range of values - yeah. But there you go, you cant have it all youre own way \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t&TH of undefined behavior\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI didn't use Newton-Rhapson, but this seems to work up to 3599999999 on my machine. I don't think it would have a chance at the smallest code part. I borrowed the Select struct from Alexandrescu's Modern C++ Design book. Not bad I guess for my first template metaprogramming experience.
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template<bool f,class T,class U>\r\nstruct Select\r\n{\r\n typedef T Result;\r\n};\r\n\r\ntemplate<class T,class U>\r\nstruct Select<false,T,U>\r\n{\r\n typedef U Result;\r\n};\r\n\r\ntemplate<int x, unsigned long cur = 30000, unsigned long mn = 0, unsigned long mx = 60000>\r\nstruct SquareRoot\r\n{\r\n static const int v = Select<\r\n (cur*cur > x), SquareRoot<x, (cur+mn)/2, mn, cur>, SquareRoot<x, (cur+mx)/2, cur, mx> >::Result::v;\r\n};\r\n\r\ntemplate<int x, unsigned long y, unsigned long z>\r\nstruct SquareRoot<x, y, y, z>\r\n{\r\n static const int v = y;\r\n};\r\n\r\ntemplate<int x, unsigned long y, unsigned long z>\r\nstruct SquareRoot<x, y, z, y>\r\n{\r\n static const int v = y;\r\n};\r\n\r\ntemplate<int x, unsigned long y>\r\nstruct SquareRoot<x, y, y, y>\r\n{\r\n static const int v = y;\r\n};\r\n\r\n#include <iostream>\r\n#include <climits>\r\n\r\nint main()\r\n{\r\n std::cout << SquareRoot<1>::v << " - " << 1 << std::endl;\r\n std::cout << SquareRoot<9>::v << " - " << 9 << std::endl;\r\n std::cout << SquareRoot<82>::v << " - " << 82 << std::endl;\r\n std::cout << SquareRoot<1000>::v << " - " << 1000 << std::endl;\r\n std::cout << SquareRoot<123456789>::v << " - " << 123456789 << std::endl;\r\n std::cout << SquareRoot<INT_MAX>::v << " - " << INT_MAX << std::endl;\r\n std::cout << SquareRoot<3599999999>::v << " - " << 3599999999 << std::endl;\r\n std::cout << SquareRoot<3600000000>::v << " - " << 3600000000 << std::endl;\r\n}
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Nice job Fordy, Okinrus and xErath.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI used Newton-Raphson. A word about my entry. Now I'm not trying to make excuses and the other contestants beat me fair and square. The contest interested me so I took 15 minutes out of my lunch break at work to come up with what I ultimately submitted. I didn't even see where it would be judged on size. That is my fault for not paying closer attention. Also I knew not putting in an appropriate iteration amount for larger numbers would come back to haunt me. That having been said, this is what I submitted. \r\n \r\n
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template<int x>\r\nstruct SquareRoot\r\n{\r\n template<int xp, int i>\r\n struct NewtonsMethod\r\n {\r\n static const int val = NewtonsMethod<(xp + (x / xp)) / 2, i - 1>::val;\r\n };\r\n\r\n template<int xp>\r\n struct NewtonsMethod<xp, 0>\r\n {\r\n static const int val = (xp + (x / xp)) / 2;\r\n };\r\n \r\n static const int v = NewtonsMethod<x, 32>::val;\r\n};
"...the results are undefined, and we all know what "undefined" means: it means it works during development, it works during testing, and it blows up in your most important customers' faces." --Scott Meyers
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi all, \r\n \r\nI'm kind of newbie to these programming stuff. Can you please help me out with a code to find inverses of a permutation? \r\n \r\nFor example, if the elements are 10 4 12 11 6, to find inverse, we have to compare first element with the subsequent elements, if the first element is larger than the compared element, then it is an inverse.. \r\n \r\nto start: compare 10 to 4, Condition 1: the position of 10 is < 4, so now compare the value 10>4, so it is an inverse.. NExt compare, 10 with 12, similarly position of 10 is less than 12, now compare values 10<12, it is not inverse... so on.. \r\n \r\nthen compare 4 with all its subsequent elements. Similarly compare all the elemeents with *subsequent* elements alone and increment count if value of 1st elemnt> element compared..\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSo you're counting all the swaps that would be needed, if you were going to do a very simple sort - you're just not making those swaps.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
#include<stdio.h>\n#include<conio.h>\nmain()\n{\nint n,a[100],i,j,count=0;\nprintf("Enter total no of elements in permutation");\nscanf("%d",&n);\nprintf("Enter all the elements of permutation");\nfor(i=0;i<n;i++)\nscanf("%d",&a[i]);\n\ncount=0;\nfor(i=0;i<n;i++)\n{ \nfor(j=i+1;j<n-1;j++)\n{\n\nif(a[i]>a[j])\ncount++;\n}\n}\nprintf("%d",count);\nreturn 0;\ngetch();\n}
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Hi, Im just trying to compare the first element of array with the subsequent remaining elements, if the first element is greater than the subsequently compared elements, Count is incremented by 1. For each subsequent element that is less than the compared element we increment by 1..Next, take the 2nd element and compare it with the subsequent elements, if it is greater, increment count by 1.. This carries on until the end of the array.. \n \nWhat's the problem with the above code?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI should hope that you will tell me, what if anything, is wrong with your code, that you can't fix. \n \nGeneral suggestions: \n \n1) don't include conio.h - you won't need it *HERE*, and your code will be more portable, without it. \n \n2) make your main() int main(), instead. THAT is C, has always been C as far back as Turbo C ver. 1.01 and the AT&T standard, from 20?? years ago. \n \nI know you'll see books and prof's teaching with main() or void main(), but that is NOT correct for working with the operating system, or the C standard. \n \n3) add the obligatory "return 0;", to indicate a normal return from a run, by your program. ONLY at the very last line of code - not before. \n \n4) replace "getch()", with the standard "getchar();" or SomeIntVariable = getchar(); \n \n5) I'm not sure your logic is right on the high end of the array. There's more than one way to "skin" this cat, but my code for this sort (Selection Sort) is just a bit different: \n \n
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// i<N on next line works, but the program makes one extra "null" loop\nfor(i=0, count=0;i<N-1;i++) { \n for(j=i+1;j<N;j++) {\n if(a[i] > a[j]) \n count++;\n }\n}
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The above looks OK to me, but I haven't run it. \n \n6) Congrats on using code tags! Now it's time to indent your subordinate lines of code, appropriately. Your eye will spot all kinds of bugs, very quickly, that way. \n \nEdit: Yes, if you have a "count" on the last element of the array, your code crashes the program. Fix it code works OK.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Adak; 08-20-2010 at 09:42 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI think the problem describes exactly how the student is expected to solve it. It may not be a good way, but it seems close to what OP originally had. \n \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tWrite a program that reads a string containing exactly four words, (separated by * symbols) into a single string object. Next, extract each word from the original string and store each word in a string object. Then concatenate the words in reverse order to form another string. Display both the original and final strings. (Hint: To extract the words, you should use the 'find' member function to find each symbol *, assign the characters up to the * to one of the four string objects, and then remove those characters from the original string.)\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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As I understand the limitation are that they haven't learnt getline (hence the funny delimiter), and loops and containers (hence the four string objects). \n \nThe funny thing is that you are supposed to destroy the original and yet display it (one might also use substr), but a lazy way around it is to display the original before you start destroying it. The output will be the same one way or another. \n \nI don't see a requirement to put in a new delimiter. For example, if I inputted "ant*bear*cobra*delta", accepted output might be "deltacobrabearant". \n \nThe original warnings were about conversion from size_t to int. String method find returns a size_t (which is an unsigned type), you were storing it in an int. For extremely large strings an int may not be able to store a legal return value correctly. For small strings this problem won't happen but still you might fix this by declaring remove_1 etc as size_t.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStrictly speaking, they return a string::size_type, which usually is, but does not have to be, a typedef for std::size_t. \n \nAnyway, if you want to use size_t, you have to #include <cstddef> or <cstdlib>.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
All the buzzt! \r\n CornedBee \r\n \r\n"There is not now, nor has there ever been, nor will there ever be, any programming language in which it is the least bit difficult to write bad code." \r\n- Flon's Law
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIs it possible to change the values of another program? Like hook onto the application and change it somehow. Where would you start? Can you give me some sample code? I can work my way from there, thanks. Also I"m trying to tweak some values of this game I just got called Oblivion. Thanks again!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThere are probably hex editors available if you google for that. \r\n \r\nThe next question is of course knowing what to change. It's not always easy. \r\n \r\nAnd of course, some applications check that the values haven't been changed. \r\n \r\nThe above assumes that you can modify the file, and don't need to modify it at runtime, which makes the task a whole lot harder. \r\n \r\n-- \r\nMats\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Compilers can produce warnings - make the compiler programmers happy: Use them! \r\nPlease don't PM me for help - and no, I don't do help over instant messengers.
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There are probably hex editors available if you google for that. \r\n \r\nThe next question is of course knowing what to change. It's not always easy. \r\n \r\nAnd of course, some applications check that the values haven't been changed. \r\n \r\nThe above assumes that you can modify the file, and don't need to modify it at runtime, which makes the task a whole lot harder. \r\n \r\n-- \r\nMats
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Yeah I know there are hex editors out, that completely defeats the purpose of writing your own program to change the value. \r\n \r\nHere are the circumstances: \r\nI know what I'm changing \r\nI know that the application doesn't check if it's been manipulated \r\nI know the address \r\n \r\nHow would you change the value at an address of a single player role playing game? Say, the HP. This is completely legal and educational. I've done this in VB but not in C++ \r\n \r\nAnyone help?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOpen the executable file in binary mode. \r\nSeek to the appropriate location. \r\nModify the value. \r\nClose the file. \r\n \r\nFirst few times, make a copy of the original file, just in case you get it wrong. \r\n \r\n-- \r\nMats\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Compilers can produce warnings - make the compiler programmers happy: Use them! \r\nPlease don't PM me for help - and no, I don't do help over instant messengers.
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The address in memory?... once the program is loaded and running? \r\n \r\nIn general, you can access a memory address with a pointer. This is easy if your program "owns" the particular address. But, Windows tries to keep programs from accessing another program's memory. \r\n \r\nIf you want to alter the EXE file (as you would with a hex editor), then you just need to know some File I/O. \r\n \r\n
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What operating system was that? With Winows 98, you could read/write to "random" addresses, but the newer versions of Windows block user-mode programs from directly accessing memory (or hardware). You might be able to do it with a kernel-mode driver*. Driver writing is not for beginners... If you are an advanced VB programmer you can probably learn to do it, but you'll have to learn some C/C++, because I'm pretty sure there are no kernel-mode compilers for VB. \r\n \r\n \r\n* A driver can directly read/write to a hardware-address, but I'm not sure if you can read an address "owned" by another "unrelated" program.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI already know pointers and File I/O. Can you give some sample code? Windows library? Do you use a handle? How would I get started.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSo are you looking for code to modify the executable WHILE it's running, or to modify the file before you run it? The latter should be easy following my description if you know about file-I/O. \n \nModifying an executable once it is loaded is a bit trickier, but if you search the forum for ReadProcessMemory, then you should be able to find something useful. \n \n-- \nMats\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Compilers can produce warnings - make the compiler programmers happy: Use them! \r\nPlease don't PM me for help - and no, I don't do help over instant messengers.
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Here are the circumstances: \n1) I know what I'm changing \n2) I know that the application doesn't check if it's been manipulated \n3) I know the address
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1) That's very good! \n2) Even better!! \n3) do this: \n
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I am not poking fun at you, it's almost that simple: \nYou know the address to modify, assign to a pointer var, typecast into proper type, set the desired values. \n \nThough, I have to wonder, how such low level stuff was possible in VB ?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by matsp\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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So are you looking for code to modify the executable WHILE it's running, or to modify the file before you run it? The latter should be easy following my description if you know about file-I/O. \r\n \r\nModifying an executable once it is loaded is a bit trickier, but if you search the forum for ReadProcessMemory, then you should be able to find something useful. \r\n \r\n-- \r\nMats
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I'm planning to do it while I'm running it. I googled for a bit and found out about WriteProcessMemory. ReadProcessMemory and WriteProcessMemory should help when editing my value. It's a bit tricky though. I found a good example in planetsourcecode. thanks!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHeres what I found: \nReadProcessMemory is to find what value is stored at a specific address. Aha! So this is how hex editors do it! \nWriteProcessMemory is changing a value at a address. \n \nnow I just have to grasp these concepts!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI just finished my program. I changed values of the game Minesweeper. I have the source but I don't feel like I should post it :P, PM me if you really want it (47 lines)\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Anyone know how the audio signal inputs and outputs are typically handled as far \r\nas how the signals are routed and mixed? \r\n \r\nIt seems that the audio signals that are internally generated in the PC are mixed in \r\nwith the line input signals. In other words, anything that I send to the line output jack \r\nis automatically sent to the line input circuitry. \r\n \r\nI need to remove this line out signal from being mixed with the line in signal. I found \r\nsomething called a mixer in the sound settings but turning it off killed the output signal \r\ncompletely. Is there some standard setting that I should be looking for? \r\n \r\nI would expect to find such settings in something like an input mixer or record mixer, \r\nbut I can't find any such thing. \r\n \r\nThe audio is on an Intel motherboard and is running XP. I've seen the same problem \r\non an HP laptap. \r\n \r\nAlso it's Realtek AC'97 audio
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05-23-2012
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I found the audio control I needed. It's call a "stereo mixer". \r\n \r\nAs luck would have it, the laptop apparantly just isn't working right, the controls I needed \r\nwere operating like on/off switches rather than level controls. So something's just broken \r\nwith the software there. \r\n \r\nAnd as luck continued to have it, my home computer lost it's audio controls somehow. \r\nI reinstalled everything from a ghost backup and now it's working. \r\n \r\n(Norton Ghost - great program, by the way. The old 2003 version will run off a 3.5" floppy) \r\n \r\nAnyway, just in case anyone else needs to turn that internal audio connection off, you just \r\nneed to search around in the audio devices under sound, in the control panel. I imagine it's \r\ncalled a stereo mixer to differentiate it from the mic input, which is typically monophonic. It \r\nseems that the mic input, line input, and stereo mixer are the common signals used for \r\nrecording. Which is probably why they are all on by default. \r\n \r\nThe software I was trying to use, Visual Analyzer, had buttons to control that, but all it does \r\nis call up the same controls found in the control panel. And mine were missing. \r\n \r\nThat's not the software analyzer, but a spectrum analyzer.
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05-25-2012
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is it possible that it takes floating point values 0.00-1.00 for its levels?
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05-25-2012
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The various volume levels are typically controlled by writing a value into \r\nregisters in the sound chip. In one of those chips, for example, a 5 bit \r\nvalue is used to set the level to 1 of 32 possible steps. Each step is a \r\n1.5 db change in volume level. \r\n \r\nTherefore a simple linear slider control which provides integer steps \r\ncan control a level with an exponential response. No floating point would \r\nbe necessary in that case. I imagine that's pretty typical. \r\n \r\nAn application though could provide a slider for selecting floating point values, \r\nfor example 0.00 to 100.00%. The Visual Analyzer uses such sliders.
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05-25-2012
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You will have to go through the Windows mixer in order to do anything with the card. I don't think Windows is going to let you poke around in ports on an expansion card in protected mode.
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05-26-2012
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Yes, that would be a job for things like drivers and operating systems. My only point was that the register \r\nrequires an integer value and a slider would ony need to provide the corresponding values. \r\n \r\nAlso, level sliders could be used for setting waveform levels for use within a program, like an audio editor. \r\nOr for scaling a waveform for graphic display, like an oscilloscope. Those level controls often use values \r\nmeaningful to the application, like decibels.
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05-27-2012
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No the slider would provide the information in the format required by the driver. Most drivers utilize the Windows audio mixer so as to maintain a common standard and interface for clients. If you change the volume in the Windows audio mixer it will change it on the card b/c the mixer will call out to the driver via an interface and the implementation of said interface is in the audio driver created by the manuf. of the audio chipset. So any operations you perform on the mixer will eventually go through the driver to the card. Any operations not supported by the audio mixer would have to be routed specifically through a certain driver via an API provided by the driver or software that interfaces with the chipset. You will never be able to directly access the hardware on the audio card in protected mode ...or should never be able to if you are a well-behaved Windows program. Just as graphics cards have a HAL so do audio drivers (at least in XP). In Vista and Windows 7 audio acceleration was removed but any company that produces hardware for Windows machines will also provide a driver and an API so that programs with lesser privileges than the drivers can access and use the audio card features. \n \nSo if there is no specific API or driver that came with the card then you must use the audio mixer and multimedia APIs within Windows to utilize the audio card. As an example I have a SoundBlaster Audigy 2 card which is 100% incompatible with Windows 7....except that I can use OpenAL to utilize EAX and other effects on the card. All this is possible b/c of Creative's Alchemy which acts as the old hardware acceleration piece that used to sit between clients and the hardware in 95,98, and XP. \n \nAnything you want to do must be done via a driver which adheres to the Windows Device Driver Model. Notice that if there is no specific 3rd party audio driver installed that Windows will install a default Microsoft audio driver that is intended to provide basic audio support for all cards....which means it will not support vendor specific card features like EAX, etc. \n \nI have quite a bit of sound experience within Windows and via DirectMusic, DirectSound and OpenAL. I could give you better direction if I understand what you are trying to do. \n \nHow volume is represented in various APIs differs greatly. In OpenAL you can set the listener volume from 0.0f to > 1.0f. Values greater than 1.0f are treated differently depending on the underlying sound driver. Listeners in OpenAL will affect the entire system which usually means that under the hood it is altering the master volume in the Windows audio mixer. This can be verified by writing code that raises and lowers this volume and then checking the master volume in the mixer. OpenAL also allows clients to alter the sound source volume which is a software implemented volume feature. The sum of all source volumes will never exceed the master volume. So if the master volume is maxed at half total volume then the source volumes at max will never be louder than half of the master volume. \n \nHowever this is how OpenAL treats volume. The Windows mixer is quite different in its implementation and ultimately the final result will be determined by the audio driver. Windows has a full suite of audio features that can be utilized via winmm.lib but keep in mind that these are not hardware accelerated within Vista and Windows 7. \n \nBack in the old DOS days setting the volume was akin to what you are referring to and required setting a value in a register at some offfset from the audio card base port address which was usually 220h. You also had to mess around with the DSP and DMA etc, etc. Those days are long gone and trying to do any of that from a Windows program will result in program termination or nothing at all (Vista and 7) and at worst a blue screen (98, XP). Windows will not let you muck around with audio card ports, ISR's, DSPs or DMA directly.
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05-28-2012
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Thanks for the information. It had seemed to me the level controls that were available in the operating systems \r\nwere based on the sound card (or sound chip) and varied with the sound card. \r\n \r\nAre the controls available through the Windows control panel the same as what you refer to as the Windows audio mixer?
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOk I made a web site for the national park service. I used fireworks and named the main page index.html. Bad idea. I want to edit this thing at my house, and I need to save all the pictures to my home computer. It uses rollover images so I can't just right-click on the images. Is there any way that I can get IE to show me what's in the directory instead of the page index.html?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe web server probably won't let you browse if it's set to first display the index.html file. \r\n \r\nDon't you have FTP access to the site (I mean, you did write it)? \r\n \r\nIf it's just the stuff you see in you browser you want down loaded, you could try one of the following \r\n \r\n- in IE, use Save As... \r\n- Download each file manually. You know what the filenames are, they're all in the html source. \r\n- Use an app like Teleport Pro to download the site for you.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThere are some programs that allow you to download the website in your hard drive ; therefore you can open it without being online..... \r\n \r\nLet me see... Can anybody help us....? \r\n \r\nBut is this related to the C++...\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Apr 2002
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\tRe: There some programms\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>There are some programs that allow you to download the website in your hard drive ; therefore you can open it without being online..... \r\nYes, like Teleport Pro \r\n \r\n>But is this related to the C++... \r\nNo, thats why it's in the General forum. \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tJust one more wrong move.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\thave you tried just typing in the names of the files (easily found using the handy dandy "view source" command) in the IE bar and downloading it that way?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEvery image that you see on the internet is stored in your temp folder. I'm not sure about it with the whole fireworks thing but couldn't you just go to your temp folder and save it?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Hi there, \r\nI'm having a problem with my bst and I can't work out why. I've looked through so many pages of code but can't find a similar problem. \r\n \r\nIn my program, I originally got it to read a file of numbers and create a bst using those numbers. This didn't seem to be working so I changed it to allow the user to input one number at a time to be added to the tree. Now I realise why the original code wasn't working. When the user is inputting data, the program exits suddenly depending on the input! It generally allows me to input 4 or 5 data items, then exits. \r\n \r\neg.if the user inputs 2,1,4,3 then tries to input 5,it crashes. \r\n \r\n I have absolutely no idea why because my code seems to be very similar to any I can find on the internet. \r\n \r\nI assume the problem must be with the insert() function. \r\n \r\nI've attached the .c,.h and main files but it's my first post so tell me if I haven't added them the right way \r\n \r\nAny help would be much appreciated! \r\nLydia
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05-12-2009
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Aside from the indentation being absolutely horrid, I can't actually see anything wrong (and I rand your program, and it did at least 8-9 digits of input, and printed what I expected too). \r\n \r\n-- \r\nMats
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05-12-2009
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oops, sorry about the identation! i'm usually the only one who has to read my code so I just stick with the identation dev c++ gives me! \r\n \r\nWell it's still not working for me. No idea what the problem is. Exits for no apparent reason after I enter a couple of numbers. \r\n \r\nThanks for the reply. I'll keep at it \r\nLydia
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05-12-2009
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Worked fine (without crashing that is) for me after correcting one item that prevented me from compiling: \n
That was just because the name of the variable and the type were the same and it was confusing the compiler. I just renamed the variable in that case. \n \nSome nits: \n#1. Uninitialized variable "choice" \n
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\r\n\tint data,choice; \nchar ans; \n \nnode* n = NULL; \nprintf("Binary Trees-Main menu"); \nprintf("\\n1.Insert data\\n2.Print tree\\n3.Get size of tree\\n4.Get max depth of tree\\n5.Quit\\n"); \nwhile(choice != 5){\r\n
#2 Error message when selecting option 5 "quit" \n \n#3 MaxDepth function does not return proper result due to some missing bits of code: \n
#4 At some point before the program ends you should think about taking care of the memory you've allocated for the nodes.
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05-12-2009
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Thanks for your reply. I've still no idea why it won't run properly on my computer. The printTree function also causes it to crash after it outputs one or two numbers. very strange! \r\n \r\nHadn't forgotten about deallocating the memory don't worry, just hadn't gotten around to it yet, being preoccupied with the insert function. Have a deleteTree function in there now. \r\n \r\nThanks for the help :), \r\nLydia
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05-12-2009
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oops, sorry about the identation! i'm usually the only one who has to read my code so I just stick with the identation dev c++ gives me!
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I downloaded Dev-C++ last week, figuring I'd give it a chance... I tossed it out the window because of the indentation (or rather, complete lack thereof). I tried fiddling settings. Nothing I did made it do anything reasonable. Ugh.
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05-12-2009
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One thing I've noticed, your node creation function does no checking that the malloc call has succeeded. You can try altering that function a bit: \r\n
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\r\n\tnode* newNode(int data) { //create a new node \r\n node* n = NULL; \r\n n = malloc(sizeof(node)); \r\n if( n != NULL ) \r\n { \r\n n->data = data; \r\n n->right = NULL; \r\n n->left = NULL; \r\n } \r\n return n; \r\n}\r\n
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05-12-2009
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\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally Posted by brewbuck\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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I downloaded Dev-C++ last week, figuring I'd give it a chance... I tossed it out the window because of the indentation (or rather, complete lack thereof). I tried fiddling settings. Nothing I did made it do anything reasonable. Ugh.
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Did you disable smart tabs? It was the first thing I always did for a new installation back when I used Dev-C++. \n \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally Posted by hk_mp5kpdw\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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One thing I've noticed, your node creation function does no checking that the malloc call has succeeded. You can try altering that function a bit:
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Good point, though I note that this: \n
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\r\n\tnode* n = NULL; \nn = malloc(sizeof(node));\r\n
can be simplified to: \n
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\r\n\tnode* n = malloc(sizeof(node));\r\n
though I prefer: \n
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\r\n\tnode* n = malloc(sizeof(*n));\r\n
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05-12-2009
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I'm finding dev c++ to be a bit of a nightmare. Any code that works error free on the college unix computers always brings up errors in dev c++ or, like in this case, doesn't run properly. I have a feeling that it might be the cause of my problems here because I've done similar programs on the college computers without issues. \r\n \r\nI've changed that now to make sure it checks that the malloc function worked. Thanks!
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05-12-2009
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\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally Posted by laserlight\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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\r\nGood point, though I note that this: \r\n
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\r\n\tnode* n = NULL; \r\nn = malloc(sizeof(node));\r\n
can be simplified to: \r\n
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\r\n\tnode* n = malloc(sizeof(node));\r\n
though I prefer: \r\n
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\r\n\tnode* n = malloc(sizeof(*n));\r\n
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What's the difference between : \r\n
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\r\n\tnode* n = malloc(sizeof(node));\r\n
and \r\n
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\r\n\tnode* n = malloc(sizeof(*n));\r\n
[/QUOTE] \r\n \r\nThe first one is creating a chunk of memory the size of a node (is that right?) but what does the second one do? Does it create memory space for a pointer to n? what size would that be?
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05-12-2009
\r\n\t\thk_mp5kpdw\r\n\t
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*n is whatever n points to (it dereferences the n pointer), which is in this case a node object/struct. The difference comes when you change the n pointer from a node to something else. In the case of: \n
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\r\n\tnode * n = malloc(sizeof(node));\r\n
...changing the type that n points to means you must remember to also change the "node" bit in the malloc call to match the new definition. If you use *n, then the compiler already knows what n points to (regardless of how many times you might change it during development) and you never need to remember to change it elsewhere. It helps ease maintenance of code and potentially eliminate bugs if you happened to make a change one place but forgot somewhere else.
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05-12-2009
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Ah ok, I understand. That seems like a good way to use malloc then if it's gonna help eliminate bugs when programs get more complicated and I (more than likely :p)forget to change the malloc! \r\n \r\nThanks
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05-13-2009
\r\n\t\tSilvio\r\n\t
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For what it's worth, I stopped using Dev C++ due to my cpu going to 95% all the time when I'm debugging. I noticed this on a Vista pc and an XP laptop. I started using Code::Blocks. I find it has better use of colours for diferent items and the fact that you can visually tell which open brace belongs to which closing one. For me, a newbie, it is infinetely better. \r\n \r\nAccidentally, I'm also writing a BST and would like to find some not so difficult alternative to pre-order print the tree when the traverse function is in dll without using the printf from within the traverse function but from the calling program.
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Join Date
Feb 2005
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\tWriting a .gif animator software\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHey guys, recently i have started to work with website designing and kinda took notice of .gif animation files. I made a search for some freeware softwares and most only allow me to use the software for a limited period. So it kinda struck me why don't i try writing my own .gif animator. So the problem comes, \r\n1) Where can i read up more abt the mechanics of .gif files, i know they r made of .bmp or .jpg files stacking over each other but how do u actually make this work ? \r\n2) Is there a specific API for writing such softwares ? \r\n3) Lastly, just in case im gonna write such a software next time, what are the keywords i should use in google to search for what i wan. For etc, i wanna make a .gif animator so i would needa know the API, and the mechanics to make it. \r\nPs i've only worked with note-taking programs and their outputs are only .txt files so im still a greenhorn to really making hard-core programs so can someone please guide me.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI would be surprized if this feature hadn't already been incorporated into GIMP - check that out. But if you still want to make the program... \n \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t1) Where can i read up more abt the mechanics of .gif files, i know they r made of .bmp or .jpg files stacking over each other but how do u actually make this work ?\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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I wouldn't say that - gif files store each pixel, just like bmps (jpegs make approximations and sacrifice details for space), but gif still pictures are compressed - so if anything, animated gifs are still gifs stacked on top of eachother. \n \nYou can probably find the file format at www.wotsit.org. One of the major picture formats has some legal issues on where it can be used (refer to the GIMP website) - and I think it may be gif. But for personal use I'm sure it wouldn't be a problem. \n \nEasier than that, I'd be really surprized if there wasn't already an API for generating GIFs. Keep searching google. Keywords like, "C++ image processing library". \n \nedit: And everytime someone asks about gifs, I'm reminded of this classing Strong Bad Email: \n \nhttp://www.homestarrunner.com/sbemail51.html\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis is a gif animator software from the old days. I still have a copy and use it now and then. MS GIF Animator Sorry it's not going to help you with coding but I think a little utility like this comes in handy from time to time. \r\n \r\nRegards, \r\nBrian\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tah great, i guess its gd enuf for the meantime. I will check out whether theres an API for processing .gif files and let you guys know. Anyway what about capturing Desktop images ? Whats the function i shld look out for ? kinda like those programs like screenprint\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tif you want to write a gif editor then GDI+ makes a good starting point with static gif support built in and dynamic gif support is easily added.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\thi all, \n \nI'm having trouble reading a long integer from a binary file. The long int is 4 bytes long. \n \ni have, for example: \n \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1) read what tabstop wrote. \n2) bytes_read is a misnomer here -- fread returns 'the number of items successfully read' -- the third argument. Here, it will return 1 on success. Read thy man pages. \n3) Finally, if this is a binary file you're reading, are you aware of endianness? Using your code, the endianness of the file and the host machine must match. There are better ways to write I/O code that will read a binary integer from a file, regardless of host machine endianness.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
long time; /* know C? */ \r\nUnprecedented performance: Nothing ever ran this slow before. \r\nAny sufficiently advanced bug is indistinguishable from a feature. \r\nReal Programmers confuse Halloween and Christmas, because dec 25 == oct 31. \r\nThe best way to accelerate an IBM is at 9.8 m/s/s. \r\nrecursion (re - cur' - zhun) n. 1. (see recursion)
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Cactus_Hugger\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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There are better ways to write I/O code that will read a binary integer from a file, regardless of host machine endianness.
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The important factor isn't the endianness of the machine, but the endianness of the quantity within the file. That needs to be specified before anything else can take place. There are three possibilities: big endian, little endian, and native. If the specification is for "native," then it is perfectly acceptable (and more efficient) to read the value directly, as is happening here.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by tabstop\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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Why are you multiplying sizeof(long) by 4? Do you have four longs that you somehow want to read into one number?
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the sizeof(long)*4 is just telling fread() to read 4 bytes at a time. so: fread(test, sizeof(long)*4 , 1, file) means it will read 1 block of 4 bytes once...unless i'm confused with this part. Regardless, fread(test, sizeof(long), 4, file) which reads a long type 4 times doesn't work as well... \n \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by jason_m\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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Double check how many bytes are are telling fread() to read in.
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i've specified fread to read 4 bytes at one time \n \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Cactus_Hugger\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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1) read what tabstop wrote. \n2) bytes_read is a misnomer here -- fread returns 'the number of items successfully read' -- the third argument. Here, it will return 1 on success. Read thy man pages. \n3) Finally, if this is a binary file you're reading, are you aware of endianness? Using your code, the endianness of the file and the host machine must match. There are better ways to write I/O code that will read a binary integer from a file, regardless of host machine endianness.
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i know bytes_read returns the number of bytes read..i was referring to the memory address of test...sorry for the confusion! \n \nIn the file format...the number is only 4 bytes long and that's what i've specified fread to do, read once 4 bytes (of type long) at a time...unless i'm completely misunderstanding what i just wrote... \n \nthanks for all your help!!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by vkoo; 07-13-2009 at 09:04 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tthe sizeof(long)*4 is just telling fread() to read 4 bytes at a time\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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No. A long probably is 4 bytes on your system, so sizeof(long) is probably 4. Thus you're asking for 1 item of 16 bytes, which is what tabstop was originally trying to point out to you. \n \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\ti know bytes_read returns the number of bytes read\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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I don't think you understand me -- fread() does not return the number of bytes read. It returns (as the manual says) the number of items read. If an 'item' is a 'byte' then in that case only will it return the number of bytes read. That case is not yours, given how you're calling fread(). You are saying (currently) "read 1 sizeof(long)*4 bytes long item" -- it will return 1 on success, 0 on failure in this case for the arguments you are passing it. (but you should probably be reading just sizeof(long), if you just want 1 integer.) \n \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tThe important factor isn't the endianness of the machine, but the endianness of the quantity within the file.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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I apparently wasn't clear, but yes -- that is my point. The OP must know the endianness of his file. I would rule native out -- it's fairly rare. If the OP is writing the file himself as 'native', it is only because he is unaware of endianness in the first place.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
long time; /* know C? */ \r\nUnprecedented performance: Nothing ever ran this slow before. \r\nAny sufficiently advanced bug is indistinguishable from a feature. \r\nReal Programmers confuse Halloween and Christmas, because dec 25 == oct 31. \r\nThe best way to accelerate an IBM is at 9.8 m/s/s. \r\nrecursion (re - cur' - zhun) n. 1. (see recursion)
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No. A long probably is 4 bytes on your system, so sizeof(long) is probably 4. Thus you're asking for 1 item of 16 bytes, which is what tabstop was originally trying to point out to you. \r\n \r\nI don't think you understand me -- fread() does not return the number of bytes read. It returns (as the manual says) the number of items read. If an 'item' is a 'byte' then in that case only will it return the number of bytes read. That case is not yours, given how you're calling fread(). You are saying (currently) "read 1 sizeof(long)*4 bytes long item" -- it will return 1 on success, 0 on failure in this case for the arguments you are passing it. (but you should probably be reading just sizeof(long), if you just want 1 integer.) \r\n \r\nI apparently wasn't clear, but yes -- that is my point. The OP must know the endianness of his file. I would rule native out -- it's fairly rare. If the OP is writing the file himself as 'native', it is only because he is unaware of endianness in the first place.
to read in a 4 byte long integer then? i'm trying that right now...it's still wrong so i don't know if my code is right then.. \r\n \r\nthanks for your patience!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNo one said sizeof(long *) == sizeof(long). \n \nA few suggestions: \n* Error checking \n* Don't cast malloc() \n* Free when you're done. \n \nIn fact, I wouldn't be using malloc() for 4 bytes :\\ \n \nMy suggestion: Stop guessing.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by zacs7; 07-13-2009 at 10:24 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ti just thought that previously if i'm reading in a long type...i read in a long type and save it to the address of a long variable \r\n \r\ni'm just clueless why this doesn't work..it's not like it has a null character at the end.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tand the Hat of Guessing\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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i just thought that previously if i'm reading in a long type...i read in a long type and save it to the address of a long variable \r\n \r\ni'm just clueless why this doesn't work..it's not like it has a null character at the end.
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Yes, but sizeof(temp) is not necessarily going to be the size of a long -- sizeof(long) is going to be the size of a long, and temp is not a long variable -- it's a pointer. (Now granted on many machines in current use these are the same size, but they don't have to be.) The typical idiom is to use sizeof(*temp) -- the size of the thing temp points to -- in your malloc and your read.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by tabstop\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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Yes, but sizeof(temp) is not necessarily going to be the size of a long -- sizeof(long) is going to be the size of a long, and temp is not a long variable -- it's a pointer. (Now granted on many machines in current use these are the same size, but they don't have to be.) The typical idiom is to use sizeof(*temp) -- the size of the thing temp points to -- in your malloc and your read.
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oh ic...that's right...that makes a lot more sense but it still doesn't work...i'm still having problems: \n \n
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int main(int argc, char* argv[])\n{\n\tif(!InitCUDA()) {\n\t\treturn 0;\n\t}\n\n\tchar* fileID;\n\tlong tempIntReader;\n\tsize_t bytes_read;\n\n\t/* File Input Variables */\n\tint lenFileName;\n\tchar *fileName;\n\tFILE *whichFile;\n\tchar* buf;\n\n\tbuf = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*17);\n\t//tempIntReader = (long*)malloc(sizeof(long));\n\n\t/* # pixels and # bytes in a frame*/\n\tint frm_size;\n\n\tINT16_T *h_idata;\t/* input data on host */\n\tfloat *h_odata;\t\t/* image data on host */\n\n //frm_size = 512 x FFT_LENGTH;\t/* #pixels = image width x image length */\n\n\tprintf("Please enter the full file name (i.e. imagefile.raw)\\n-> ");\n\tscanf("%c", &fileName);\n\t\t\n\tif((whichFile = fopen("1.RAW", "r"))== NULL) {\n\t\tprintf("Error while loading data from file %s.\\n", fileName);\n\t\texit(0);\n\t} else {\n\t\tbytes_read = fread(buf, sizeof(buf), 17, whichFile);\n\t\t\n\t\tfor(int i = 0; i < 17; i++){\n\t\t\tprintf("%c", buf[i]); \n\t\t}\n\t\t\n\t\tmemset(buf, '\\0', sizeof(buf));\n\n printf("\\n");\n bytes_read = fread(&tempIntReader, sizeof(long), 1, whichFile);\n printf("%d", tempIntReader);
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i tried that first, just reading in a long int and saving it to tempIntReader \n \nthen i tried: \n \n
i continously get this error: \nUnhandled exception at 0x00403508 in CUDAWinApp4.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0xffffff31. \n \ni'm more confused now than ever because I'm reading the right about of bytes, I now have the right size to save what was read in and I have the right type. What am I missing? \n \nI tried resetting the iterator for the filePtr by: \nfseek(whichFile, 17, SEEK_SET); \n \nwhich sets the iterator at the exact spot of my long int\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by vkoo; 07-14-2009 at 10:28 AM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI think there is a poblem with: \nbytes_read = fread(buf, sizeof(buf), 17, whichFile); \n \nsizeof(buf) is the sizeof a pointer (probably 4), so the above line is trying to read 4*17 bytes. The parameter should be sizeof(char) or better yet, sizeof(*buf). \nThe line is over running the buf memory and causing memory corruption.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Zlatko\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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I think there is a poblem with: \r\nbytes_read = fread(buf, sizeof(buf), 17, whichFile); \r\n \r\nsizeof(buf) is the sizeof a pointer (probably 4), so the above line is trying to read 4*17 bytes. The parameter should be sizeof(char) or better yet, sizeof(*buf). \r\nThe line is over running the buf memory and causing memory corruption.
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true true...thanks i've fixed that...but my long integer is just reading the wrong numbers and throwing random numbers back at me...\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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true true...thanks i've fixed that...
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Ok, assuming you fixed it, perhaps your file does not look like what you think it does. If the file is small enough, perhaps you could post it, along with the latest version of your main function, and the number you're expecting to find at location 17. If you're using the emacs editor, put your data file into hexl-mode (the command is esc-x hexl-mode) to examine it.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI have a couple of questions about socket programming that have to do with recv. \r\n \r\nI know there is a way to peek at data before it comes in by some flag or something, but should I always just make a buffer with a decent size so that I don't need to worry about it? \r\n \r\nAlso, many of my programs after they receive something trigger a send. Is it needed to send on it's own thread so that if data comes in recv won't miss it? \r\n \r\nReally what it comes down to is that I don't know exactly how recv works. Will data just pile up until I read it through recv? I don't know if data is lost if you don't recv it immediately.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI don't think you can lose data in the input queue of a socket this easy (if at all). \n \nEvery time you call recv it will take the next chunk in line. You can do whatever you want next (send, etc.), the incoming stuff will just wait. It could be that the input queue does have some kind of limit if you let your connections send in a continuous stream for five or ten minutes at 5mb/sec without trying to read from them. But if you are actually checking those connections at all I would not worry about it, even just every few seconds will be fine (which is plenty of time to do just about anything you might want to do). You don't have to have recv() ready and waiting when a send() comes in, if that's what you're thinking. \n \nIncidentally, the buffer and buffer size used by recv have nothing to do with this input queue. That's just the buffer that stuff gets put into by recv. As long as the buffer is as big as you say it is, it's fine. \n \nI actually just use a 1-byte buffer with recv() (and send) and then build a bigger buffer from it, as I have heard this is a normative practice that better deals with any delays that may occur on the socket: \n
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char byte, buffer[4096];\nint i=0;\nwhile ((recv(sock,&byte,1,0)) { /* will equal 1 as long as something's there */\n buffer[i]=byte;\n i++; }
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This seems less problem prone than reading <=4k directly into buffer, and you can easy add a line to trap certain characters (eg, stop at \\n) or set some other limit.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by MK27; 02-26-2009 at 02:10 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
I wrote an applacation that used EnumWindows to find and check every window to see if "Microsoft Internet Explorer" was in its title. It then used SendMessage with WM_DESTROY to close the Microsoft Internet Explorer Window. \r\n It seems to target the windows okay but instead of just closing the window it closes the internet content of the window. This left the menus, frame, and rest of the program non-responsive. You then needed to CRTL-ALT-DELete the window to get it to go away. Does anyone have an idea of why the windows do not close correctly? \r\nThank You in advance and for even glancing at my problem! \r\nHere is a screen shot.
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03-13-2002
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Try sending a WM_EXIT or WM_CLOSE. Use Spy++ to find which is sent when you close IE manually. \r\n \r\nProbably not getting a PostQuitMessage(0); from the destroy. \r\nRemember any mem alloc'ed will not be freed unless IE is told to clean it up.
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03-14-2002
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thank you i will try those other messages but what is Spy++?
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03-14-2002
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Try DestroyWindow to kill off the app - from msdn:..destroys the specified window. The function sends WM_DESTROY and WM_NCDESTROY.. \r\n \r\nThat is, you are being left with the non-client area of the wnd because that is not being destroyed. \r\n \r\nAlternatively you can send both messages. \r\n \r\nspy++ is a utility/tool that comes with msvc - and I always forget about its existence. :)
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03-15-2002
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>>spy++ is a utility/tool that comes with msvc \r\n \r\nAllowing you to look at the messages generated by an app. Can filter msg's, so only looking for say mouse msg's. \r\nHandy to tell what msg (and where to) an action in an app generates.
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03-17-2002
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spy++
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if I don't use msvc can i still get spy++? ( I searched the internet for a download but could not find it.)
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03-17-2002
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I tryed to attach Spy++ to this post (but it was too big so i linked to it) i dont know if it is illegal to distribute it w/o MSVC++ or not so, you are taking a chance downloading it :) \r\n \r\n \r\nSpy++ Download
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03-17-2002
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mie "cannot find the server" of that link. i wonder why.
it needs a .dll file, and probably more after that... thanx anyway but mabey if it has its own folder i could get that.
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03-18-2002
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Try this. Again, I cannot be responsible for your illegal use of this if you do not own MSVC++ version 6. \r\n \r\nI can't post the rest, but those are the dll and other associations i think.
I have done programming (in C) for around 8-9 months, I didn't write any exceptional programs in this period though. I know C++ fairly well (I understand inheritance and polymorphism, that is), and have completed my Data Structures course (didn't score an 'A'). I am interested in programming games, but have no idea as to where to start. Can someone suggest some book (no tutorials on the net please) that can help me start (that is if you think I am good enough to program one). \r\n \r\nI am looking for something to begin my game programming with... \r\n \r\nThankx in advance.
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11-21-2002
\r\n\t\tdamonbrinkley\r\n\t
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I know nothing about game programming but they have some book suggestion on gamedev.net right HERE
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11-21-2002
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Gaming on the PC platform revolves around DirectX/OpenGL these days. Unfortinatley, DirectX is a world apart from C, I have been using C for about 5 years and DirectX looks wierd. \r\nIf you know some WinAPI, thats a good start but you really need to get into some DirectX which is not easy, theres some real good web tutorials out there, for getting started in DirectX give this link a go \r\nhttp://sunlightd.virtualave.net/Windows/ \r\n \r\nI have never tried OpenGL, but hear that it's MUCH less hard work. \r\nHave fun!
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11-22-2002
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If your gonna try to learn OpenGL or DirectX without understanding the Win32 API, I think your asking for trouble... Learn at least some windows programming first and then things should mesh better.
Thanks for that link.....I am looking into SDL. But about algorithms/methods/designs, do you have any special recommendations...
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11-26-2002
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\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\tIf your gonna try to learn OpenGL or DirectX without understanding the Win32 API, I think your asking for trouble... Learn at least some windows programming first and then things should mesh better.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t
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When you are refeering to "Learn at least some windows programming first..." how much is at least. I am in the same situation as CodeJerk (programmad c++ for 3 years) and really want to avoid windows programming and start with OpenGL NOW :D. \r\nHow necessary is it to know window programming before learning an API(OpenGL). \r\n \r\nP.S was checking in a education (2 years) about computer graphics(mostly 3D) and didn´t find a course in "windows programming".
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11-26-2002
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Well either I'm ten times as resourceful as an average programmer (highly unlikely) or I am a little better at learning but there are enough online materials for everything described on this board. I've only been programming in c/c++ for a year and a half and I was able to learn everything described on this thread (almost everything, I'm not a huge fan of Allegro...or SDL) via online tutorials. Just look around. Admittedly the way it works is on Monday you want a good Direct Sound tutorial and don't find it and when you are looking for a good Open GL tutorial on Tuesday you find a great Direct Sound tutorial.
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11-26-2002
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you're just about always ready for game programming. Just learn the basics of the language, and then boom! you're set. Practice is how you learn in the world of gaming. However, you should learn how to make a gameloop b4 you start at it. It's not too hard at all though.
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11-27-2002
\r\n\t\tCodeJerk\r\n\t
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The Gameloop.......
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Yes, that's what I was talking about. Are there tutorials on the net that teach gameloops,etc. too. But, because I have rather limited access to the net, it would be great if somebody could recommend a book. \r\nAnd yes about windows programming, I am finding it pretty difficult, and, then, as a user has said, it may not help..and if it does, how much of it will do (for some simple games,i.e.)
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11-27-2002
\r\n\t\tadamviper\r\n\t
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i started with rpg's w/o graphics then morph into graphics useing other game types. \r\ni am now doing fps's.
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11-27-2002
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many people start off with a loop like this (assuming you're using double buffered graphics) \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\t// This is psuedo code \r\ndo \r\n{ \r\n ClearBackBuffer(); // Clear up the backbuffer for drawing to it \r\n GameLogic(); // Update the game logic \r\n DrawGraphics(); // Draw all the graphics to the back buffer \r\n UpdateScreen(); // Blit the buffer to the screen \r\n}while(GAMELOOP); // GAMELOOP is a boolean value. When you need to leave the gameloop, set it to false\r\n
Then people customize it out to their liking, and add on to it. A good idea would to put a framerate limiter, or logic timer.
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11-29-2002
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Good Book
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I am in the same boat you are. I picked up the book ,"Tricks Of The Windows Game Programming Gurus" by Andre LaMothe. This book has everything you need to start windows programming with DirectX. Im half way through the book and find everything is clear and understandable. I have only been programming for about six months in Dos, and then started reading this book. I have not had any problems understanding any of it so far, and would recomend this book to anyone. Mind you I had to read the chapters sometimes three times each to fully absorb the info, but that is probably just me. If you don't mind spending $80.00 on a good book, go grab yourself a copy. It is probably the best book I have ever read on programming. Well, hope this helps!
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12-01-2002
\r\n\t\tCodeJerk\r\n\t
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Just one more question.....
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Is familiarity with windows programming necessary to follow this book? Although I have been using Visual C++ 6.0 for quite sometime, all I have done is console programming on it. I haven't really done any windows programming till now. But if it is necessary to understand the book that's been suggested [Tricks of the Windows Game Programming Gurus] then I would learn some Windows programming before I go for the book (but I am sure that I am going to get this game programming book). \r\nThanks.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi, \r\n \r\nJust wonder whether this is a bug of GDB? \r\n \r\nI'm trying the debug my project and would like to watch one of the member variables "m_iFrames" can not be watched !!! \r\n \r\nThe error messages are like: \r\n \r\n \r\nDEBUG>>00000671-var-create - * "m_iFrames" \r\nDEBUG>>00000671^error,msg="mi_cmd_var_create: unable to create variable object" \r\n \r\n \r\nI'm just wondering whether this is a GDB bug? Or, I need to set up something before I'm able to watch those member variables? \r\n \r\nBTW, the local variables are able to be watched. \r\n \r\nUrgent !! Please do help. \r\n \r\nBest Regards \r\nJIA Pei\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAttempt to configure apache on freebsd with a self signed certificate: \r\n \r\nApache/2.0.50 (Unix) PHP/5.0.0 mod_ssl/2.0.50 OpenSSL/0.9.7c \r\n \r\n
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# openssl genrsa -des -out ca.key 1024\r\n# openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key ca.key -out ca.crt\r\nSSLCertificateFile /path/to/this/server.crt \r\nSSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/this/server.key \r\n\r\nroot@presto:/usr/local/apache2/bin> ./apachectl startssl\r\nApache/2.0.50 mod_ssl/2.0.50 (Pass Phrase Dialog)\r\nSome of your private key files are encrypted for security reasons.\r\nIn order to read them you have to provide us with the pass phrases.\r\n\r\nServer secure.presto:443 (RSA)\r\nEnter pass phrase:\r\n\r\nOk: Pass Phrase Dialog successful.
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Results: \r\nSurf to: https://secure.presto \r\n-the lock appears \r\n-the page seems to be constantly loading even though it's a 1 line .html file, \r\n-nothing is displayed \r\n-click on the lock, from IE: 'this type of document does not have a security certificate' \r\n-browsing the page from netscape/mozilla: 'connection refused'\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by brewbuck\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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Does the following link help
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Absolutely. Thanks. I think I can finally take it from here. I'll try to build my own just for fun and in the process better understand this concept of traits. However, if after enough testing deriving from char_traits<char> does not bring any problems, that will be the final solution. \r\n \r\nMost excellent. Thanks again.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Originally Posted by brewbuck: \n Reimplementing a large system in another language to get a 25% performance boost is nonsense. It would be cheaper to just get a computer which is 25% faster. \n
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tCat without Hat\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDeriving from char_traits<char> doesn't sound like a good idea. \n \nHonestly, in my opinion, C++'s whole character handling is broken beyond repair. That's not much of a consolation to you, of course.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
All the buzzt! \r\n CornedBee \r\n \r\n"There is not now, nor has there ever been, nor will there ever be, any programming language in which it is the least bit difficult to write bad code." \r\n- Flon's Law
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tCat without Hat\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
All the buzzt! \r\n CornedBee \r\n \r\n"There is not now, nor has there ever been, nor will there ever be, any programming language in which it is the least bit difficult to write bad code." \r\n- Flon's Law
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tCat without Hat\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
All the buzzt! \r\n CornedBee \r\n \r\n"There is not now, nor has there ever been, nor will there ever be, any programming language in which it is the least bit difficult to write bad code." \r\n- Flon's Law
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat exactly are you trying to DO with the string? \r\n \r\nIf you're using Win32, I recommend you use the conversion function (MultiByteToWideChar) to get a UTF-16 string; the WinAPI can use UTF-16 (it's the native character set on anything Win2K and beyond).\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOh, and you absolutely can't just cast a UTF-8 string and expect it to properly display any characters outside of the ASCII values (0-127). \r\n \r\nEvery character not in that range occupies a minimum of two bytes, and can be as many as 4 bytes. Any byte value between 0x80 and 0xFF (that is, any byte with the MSB set) is part of a two, three, or four byte character. \r\n \r\nYour best bet is to write an actual Unicode app; the Win32 API supports Unicode fully. Use UTF-16 (aka WCHAR, LPWCSTR, etc.) internally within your program, as that's the native character set of Windows and the character set it will accept all strings in, and then convert to and from UTF-8 when accessing the database. \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t2. What if data loss becomes a concern? How can I handle this? The problem is that the character 'ó', for instance, is well within the capabilities of a signed char.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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Maybe. Maybe not. It certainly wouldn't work on my machine; it would not only incorrectly display that character, it would "eat" the following character assuming it to be the second byte of a multibyte Japanese character. \r\n \r\nIt all depends on what character set the end user has set to default on their computer. Are they using Latin-1? Windows-1251? Windows-1252? Shift-JIS? Big5? EUC-KR? Unless you're specifically overriding the default character encoding, how Windows treats a char* string depends entirely on the language options the end user has set in their Control Panel. Some of those won't even HAVE the letter 'ó', and others will have it but encode it with a different value. Don't make assumptions that the user of your program has the same default code page you do. \r\n \r\nThat's the beauty of Unicode, and why you should not "work around" it, but rather embrace it. Unicode is universal, it will work on my machine (default code page: Shift-JIS) just as easily as it works on yours.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Cat; 07-27-2007 at 03:32 AM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProbably that's my best bet. As you say, I need to embrace Unicode. And I'm sure that's the best advise one can give. \r\nI'm not prepared or willing to do it for now, though. I have other more emerging concerns; like learning C++ . And at my age, I no longer find it easy to multitask. I prefer the one thing at a time approach. \r\n \r\nAnyways, giving that there's no one-solution-fits-all to this issue. I decided to go for the next best thing; That is, lower my requirements to the bare essentials. I promise I'll sooner or later start to become interested in Unicode under C++. But until then... \r\n \r\nA recap: \r\n \r\n- SQLite text extracting funtions (there's actually two. But i'm only interested on the UTF-8 one) return a null-terminated const unsigned char*. \r\n- I need to translate this return value into a std::string. \r\n- My system defines char as signed char and doesn't implement basic_string<unsigned char>. \r\n- The code wants to be portable across systems. \r\n- The database is expected to contain only characters in the 0-128 ascii range. Conversion seems painless on this case. But... \r\n- I need to deal with those cases where exceptionally it may not. \r\n- The resulting std::string is expected to be used in every context where basic_string<char> is normally used; streams, for instance. \r\n- Programming for Unicode is not an option at this moment. \r\n \r\nSolution 1. \r\nreinterpret_cast<const char*>() \r\n \r\nSolution 2. \r\ntypedef std::basic_char<unsigned char> utf8_string \r\n \r\nSolution 3. \r\na class implementing: \r\nfor each char in utf8 string \r\n. boost::numeric_cast<char>() \r\n \r\nSolution 1 is my current solution. The one I wish to not use. Solution 2 is appealing but seems to be more trouble than its worth and not possible to implement with streams. Or is it? Solution 3 is sexy but slow (in some contexts outside the C++ this is actually a good thing). \r\n \r\nWhat would you do?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Originally Posted by brewbuck: \n Reimplementing a large system in another language to get a 25% performance boost is nonsense. It would be cheaper to just get a computer which is 25% faster. \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tImplement a converter that does some minimal UTF-8 parsing: it should simply replace all UTF-8 characters by question marks.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
All the buzzt! \r\n CornedBee \r\n \r\n"There is not now, nor has there ever been, nor will there ever be, any programming language in which it is the least bit difficult to write bad code." \r\n- Flon's Law
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi, guys. \r\nMy mean purpose of computer programming is I want to mak games. Multiplayer internet games.] \r\nAll the stuff I have is C++ 6, C# 2005, lcc-win32, and Dev-C++ \r\nWhat more do I need to create games, I've seen screen shots of game designing, and they images have squares around them and stuff, what is that, photohshop?, lol, (I know its not that), but what exactly is it, they're designingi opengl/directx images on some programs, I think thats what i need. \r\nSo anway, i want to follow my purpose and I need the right information to go the right direction \r\nI know C/C++ (average). \r\nand I might move onto C# \r\ndepends on the answer. \r\nPlease help all you game programmers. \r\nthanks \r\njay\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmight wanna change your topic title, sounds like a suicide message :\\ \r\n \r\nbasically you need a compiler (i see you have 1), the directX/openGL liraries (google them) and a few tutorials and your good to go. theres a few stickies with good links as well, just read through them.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWell, lets see, you need 10 other programmers to help you code your game, 10 other graphics programmers.... 10 3d artists, 10 people proficient in photoshop (generally used to create textures), about 1million dollars to pay them to do their job.... what elsee...... \r\n \r\nWell, My point is, you are one of those guys, who will be working with a team, you don't make MMO's overnight, you don't make them overnight with 5000 people working on it either, its a long process, and many times it has diminishing returns. Realistically speaking, game programming is one of the toughest fields to get into and stay into, has lower pay than most programming companies, and much less stability.... \r\n \r\nBut, you have all you need to start programming an MMO with a team \r\n \r\nLearn opengl and directx both, they are probably a required skill in the world of game programming, I'm learning opengl now, and it has taken me 40 hours to make 2d pong all by myself, just imagine the size and scale of a game like Ultima Online(written in C#), Shadowbane(C++), or Ashen Empires(C++), or even Morrowind(C++)..... \r\n \r\nEveryone should know a bit about graphics programming, but there are programming jobs where you specialize in that category.. \r\n \r\nThere are: \r\nAI programmers \r\nMechanic Programmers \r\nMap/Script Programmers \r\nGraphics Programmers \r\n \r\nThe list goes on and on, find out what you like to do best, and master it....... \r\n \r\nAll this coming from a 17 y/o still in high school who just read a few books \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI am a 2D game programmer, C,programming in DOS, have programmed a 2-player network game, etc, etc. And, I've been programming for 1 year. I have 4 books on game programming, and still, I'm not even close to programming anything otherthan simple games like sh'm'ups, simple overhead games, 90 deg rotation. I need about another 5 years before I can even start to program a 3D, multiplayer, internet game. Besides, it takes me a month to even program a simple 3D, rotating cube. \r\n \r\nHope this helps \r\n \r\nKAWK\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by jaylc185\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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Hi, guys. \r\nMy mean purpose of computer programming is I want to mak games. Multiplayer internet games.] \r\nAll the stuff I have is C++ 6, C# 2005, lcc-win32, and Dev-C++ \r\nWhat more do I need to create games, I've seen screen shots of game designing, and they images have squares around them and stuff, what is that, photohshop?, lol, (I know its not that), but what exactly is it, they're designingi opengl/directx images on some programs, I think thats what i need. \r\nSo anway, i want to follow my purpose and I need the right information to go the right direction \r\nI know C/C++ (average). \r\nand I might move onto C# \r\ndepends on the answer. \r\nPlease help all you game programmers. \r\nthanks \r\njay
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I recommend buying a book on Opengl. You can get some good ones from gamedev.net. You need a basic understanding of Classes as they will greatly help you in making your games. As for the graphics and stuff you will need to know a good amount of photoshop. Unless you plan on taking pictures of things with your digital camera to use as textures. I haven't really touched C# and I really dont know how good it is to use with openGL, and I havent tried. Acctualy, I should run a few tests to see if it works out, but I recommend sticking with C++ for now. As for the 3d part of things you should have a basic understanding with the 3d coordinates, and how things work. You should also look into some 3d modeling programs like 3d studio max, and Maya. They work really good, as far as putting them in the game thats a little more complicated.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi, \r\n \r\nI've been customizing my desktop, trying to go from the very start to the very end \r\n \r\nAt the very beginning of startup we all know it reads UBUNTU along with ubuntu's logo. The same goes for the very end of shutdown. \r\n \r\nMy question is could this be changed to read something else, example instead of "UBUNTU" to read "POETGUY" ?? \r\n \r\nThanks in advance! \r\n \r\nI'm on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS btw...\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSure. Check out this link UbuntuEyeCandy. This page shows how to change several different settings. I think you are looking for the splash screens. To just change the text you may need to do some editing of the graphic file. \n \nJim\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by jimblumberg\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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Sure. Check out this link UbuntuEyeCandy. This page shows how to change several different settings. I think you are looking for the splash screens. To just change the text you may need to do some editing of the graphic file. \r\n \r\nJim
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+ },
+ {
+ "url": "http://cboard.cprogramming.com/cplusplus-programming/133141-possible-use-widechartomultibyte-letterlike-symbols-%5Blike-%99-%5D.html",
+ "domain": "cboard.cprogramming.com",
+ "file_source": "part-00352-d9b45f53-efdc-4ae8-a3e4-b1d5d9e13869-c000",
+ "content": "\r\n\r\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n \r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t Is it possible to use WideCharToMultiByte with Letterlike Symbols [like "™"]?\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp! \r\n \r\nI need to send and string over internet from a Windows [client side] system to a UNIX [server side] ... \r\n \r\nIn the client side I have a std::wstring data and I "translate" this data to an UTF-8 std::string before send it to avoid problems in server side. To do that, I´m using WideCharToMultiByte func []Content not found. \r\n \r\nHowever, I´m facing a problem to send "Skype ™ 4.2.2". The following error is launched in server side: \r\n"... a wide character has been encountered that can not be represented as a multibyte sequence (according to the current locale) [Skypeâ \r\n¢ 4.1] : [Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide cha ..." \r\n \r\nI wrote a sample code to illustrate what I´m trying to do: \r\n \r\nvoid main() \r\n{ \r\n\tstd::wstring wide\t= L"Skype ™ 4.2.2"; \r\n\tstd::string normal\t= ""; \r\n\tchar codePgBuf[4096]; \r\n\twchar_t wcodePgBuf[4096]; \r\n \r\n\tif (WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wide.c_str(), -1, codePgBuf, sizeof(codePgBuf), NULL, NULL) == 0) \r\n\t\tprintf("WC2MB failed for %u : '%S", GetLastError(), wide.c_str()); \r\n\tnormal = codePgBuf; \r\n \r\n\tFILE *pFile; \r\n\tpFile = fopen("test.txt", "w"); \r\n\tif (pFile!=NULL) \r\n\t{ \r\n\t\tfputs(normal.c_str(), pFile); \r\n\t\tfclose (pFile); \r\n\t} \r\n} \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nThe result of this program is an file [test.txt] with this content: \r\nSkype â„¢ 4.2.2 \r\n \r\nWTF is going on? What am I doing wrong? Any guess? \r\n \r\nIs it possible to use WideCharToMultiByte with Letterlike Symbols? \r\n \r\nMany thanks,\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYou shouldn't put extended character literals directly into your source code. The value can change depending on how source editor saves the file. \n
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#include <windows.h>\n#include <string>\n#include <vector>\n#include <fstream>\n#include <iostream>\n\nstd::string wstr_to_str(const std::wstring &wstr, UINT cp = CP_ACP)\n{\n int len = WideCharToMultiByte(cp, 0, wstr.c_str(), (int)wstr.length(), \n 0, 0, 0, 0);\n if (!len)\n return "ErrorA";\n\n std::vector<char> abuff(len + 1);\n\n // NOTE: this does not NULL terminate the string in abuff, but this is ok\n // since it was zero-initialized in the vector constructor\n if (!WideCharToMultiByte(cp, 0, wstr.c_str(), (int)wstr.length(), \n &abuff[0], len, 0, 0))\n {\n return "ErrorA";\n }//if\n\n return &abuff[0];\n}//wstr_to_str\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n const wchar_t TM = 0x2122;\n wstring wide;\n\n wide = L"Skype ";\n wide += TM;\n wide += L"4.2.2";\n\n string utf8 = wstr_to_str(wide, CP_UTF8);\n\n ofstream f("test.text", ios::out | ios::binary);\n if (!f)\n {\n cerr << "Failed to open file" << endl;\n return 1;\n }//if\n\n f.write("\\xEF\\xBB\\xBF", 3); // UTF8 BOM\n f.write(utf8.c_str(), utf8.length());\n f.close();\n\n return 0;\n}//main
How can this WinForm functionality be implemented?
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Without going into too many details, picture a Windows form that has only one button and one muti-line textbox. \n \nWhen the button is clicked, an event handler procedure retrieves text and, when it's done retrieving it, displays it on the textbox, by assigning the expression that represents the retrieved text to the textbox's Text property. \n \nAssume that no matter how the code is optimized, it's going to take a while before all the text is retrieved. The problem is that while the text is being retrieved, the Windows form remains "frozen", and interaction with the form is temporarily blocked. \n \nI don't want that to happen. I want the form to remain usable while the text is being retrieved, and then, when the text is retrieved, I want it to appear on the textbox, even if it takes a while before that happens. \n \nI tried to solve this problem by spawning a thread inside the event handler procedure and letting that thread retrieve the text, but .NET throws an exception when the spawned thread tries to set the textbox's Text property or interact with any of the form's controls. \n \nForcing the main thread to wait for the spawned thread to finish doing its work, and then letting the main thread set the textbox's Text property with the text retrieved by the spawned thread doesn't solve the problem, because the form remains frozen while the main thread waits for the spawned thread. \n \nI also tried including within the event handler procedure a call to the form's invoke method and passing as an argument a reference to a delegate procedure that retrieves the text, but the form remained frozen until the text was retrieved. \n \nCan someone tell me how to solve this problem?
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I tried to solve this problem by spawning a thread inside the event handler procedure and letting that thread retrieve the text, but .NET throws an exception when the spawned thread tries to set the textbox's Text property or interact with any of the form's controls.
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Right approach, but missing one piece; you need to have the spawned thread invoke the text change on the main thread. \r\n \r\nSomething like this will work: \r\n \r\n
This uses the form's InvokeRequired to determine if it needs to invoke the method in the main form thread, or not. This method can be safely called in either the main or worker thread, and the actual control access will occur only in the main thread. \r\n \r\nYou can also check out the BackgroundWorker class; you can put the text update in the RunWorkerCompleted event which occurs when the worker is done. The advantage of this class is that you can easily do things like a progress bar without needing to worry about Invoke; that happens behind the scenes.
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02-28-2012
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the following implementation is based on my understanding of the change that you suggested. how come the form still remains frozen until the text is displayed on the textbox control? (by the way, the form remains "semi-frozen" when I use a string instead of a stringbuilder. that's an improvement, but still not what I'm looking for.) \n \n
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\r\n\t private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) \n { \n Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(DelegateProcedure)); \n t.Start(); \n } \n \n private void DelegateProcedure() \n { \n Random random = new Random(); \n StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); \n \n for (int x = 0; x <= 50000; x++) \n sb.Append(random.Next(0, 100)); \n \n if (this.InvokeRequired) this.BeginInvoke(new Action<string>(SetOutputText), \n new object[]{sb.ToString()}); \n } \n \n private void SetOutputText(string s) \n { \n textBox1.Text = s; \n }\r\n
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02-28-2012
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Your understanding is correct. To see what's happening, I added some timing code: \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\t Stopwatch textboxTiming, threadTiming; \r\n private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) \r\n { \r\n Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(DelegateProcedure)); \r\n t.Start(); \r\n } \r\n \r\n private void DelegateProcedure() \r\n { \r\n Random random = new Random(); \r\n StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); \r\n \r\n threadTiming = new Stopwatch(); \r\n threadTiming.Start(); \r\n for (int x = 0; x <= 50000; x++) \r\n sb.Append(random.Next(0, 100)); \r\n threadTiming.Stop(); \r\n \r\n if (this.InvokeRequired) this.BeginInvoke(new Action<string>(SetOutputText), \r\n new object[] { sb.ToString() }); \r\n } \r\n \r\n private void SetOutputText(string s) \r\n { \r\n Stopwatch textboxTiming = new Stopwatch(); \r\n textboxTiming.Start(); \r\n textBox1.Text = s; \r\n textboxTiming.Stop(); \r\n \r\n MessageBox.Show(string.Format("Spent {0} ms in thread, {1} ms in SetOutputText()", threadTiming.ElapsedMilliseconds, textboxTiming.ElapsedMilliseconds)); \r\n }\r\n
On my computer, the thread took 16 ms to execute, and setting the textbox text took over 2 seconds. That's why the main thread stalls - the longest portion of the execution is happening in that thread.
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02-28-2012
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It seems that the multiline textbox is the issue. It has to break the text into lines. If I use a single-line textbox it's almost instantaneous. \n \nIt works better if you split the text into lines yourself in the other thread. This takes about 400 ms in the main thread (still nontrivial but a lot better): \n \n
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\r\n\t Stopwatch textboxTiming, threadTiming; \n private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) \n { \n Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(DelegateProcedure)); \n t.Start(); \n } \n \n private void DelegateProcedure() \n { \n Random random = new Random(); \n string[] str = new string[50001]; \n \n threadTiming = new Stopwatch(); \n threadTiming.Start(); \n for (int x = 0; x <= 50000; x++) \n str[x]=random.Next(0, 100).ToString(); \n \n threadTiming.Stop(); \n \n if (this.InvokeRequired) this.BeginInvoke(new Action<string[]>(SetOutputText), \n new object[] { str }); \n } \n \n private void SetOutputText(string[] s) \n { \n Stopwatch textboxTiming = new Stopwatch(); \n textboxTiming.Start(); \n textBox1.Lines = s; \n textboxTiming.Stop(); \n \n MessageBox.Show(string.Format("Spent {0} ms in thread, {1} ms in SetOutputText()", threadTiming.ElapsedMilliseconds, textboxTiming.ElapsedMilliseconds)); \n }\r\n
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so the culprit is the textbox's WordWrap functionality. who would have thought it? :) \n \nfor now I'll do something like this: \n \n
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\r\n\t for (int x = 0; x <= 500000; x++) \n { \n if (x > 0 && x % 35 == 0) \n sb.AppendLine(); \n \n sb.Append(random.Next(0, 10)); \n }\r\n
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02-28-2012
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This can be alleviated by data binding the control. This way your code never touches the text property of the control and thus no need for the thread. Bind the control to the data source and alter the data source. You can do this both in Windows Forms and WPF applications although WPF is light years ahead of Forms when it comes to data binding.
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02-29-2012
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I am not very familiar with the concept of data binding. can you illustrate with some sample code how you would go about implementing this functionality?
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi all, \r\n \r\ni am in desperate need of help... i've got a simple maths problem that requires performing a series of calculations on a series of single integers... \r\n \r\ni have the program to do the calulations, but i want to fully automate it, and would like to output the results to a file, whos name is the same as the number which the operation is carried out on... EG. if i was doing the calculation on the number 335 i would like the file to be called 335 \r\nfopen will only allow 'const char' to be used an an input? how do use variable filenames??? \r\n \r\nplease please help \r\nthanks in advance \r\n \r\nSi-man\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHave you considered writing a little function that converts your integer into a string? \r\n \r\n'const char' is a string. the file io routines wants a string passed to it.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBasically, you just have to convert your int to a string. \r\n \r\nI suggest you look into the function in stdio called \r\nsprintf\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI believe MSVC++ 6 allows itoa() unlike UNIX to convert your int to a string. Confused, what platform are you working on ?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Argghhhhaaaa \r\n \r\nC hates me \r\n \r\ni havn't got the first clue how to define the variables for this routine... and i keep getting errors about how i cannot use one type of variable in the fopen statement.. but when i change the variable types one of the other statements doesnt work.. \r\n \r\ncan you tell me what each of the variables in the above statement should be ???? \r\n \r\nthanks \r\n \r\nsi\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
[Error] expected declaration or statement at end of input
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\r\n\tvoid statistics (void) \n{ \n int i,success=0; \n float stat=0; \n for (i=0;i<150;i++) \n { \n if (AM[i].final_grade>=5) \n success+=1; \n } \n stat=(success/150)*100; \n printf ("The overall number of students examined is 150, %f % were successful, which means that %d students were successful\\n",stat,success); \nmain; \n}\r\n
[Error] expected declaration or statement at end of input \nThis problem occurs when I try to run that part of the program. \nWhat should I do??
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02-09-2013
\r\n\t\tSalem\r\n\t
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What is line 12 supposed to do? \n \nMy thought is you should just delete line 12.
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02-09-2013
\r\n\t\tKostas Kolivas\r\n\t
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I tried to, but it didn't work.. \nAny other suggestions?
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02-09-2013
\r\n\t\tSalem\r\n\t
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You mean without seeing the rest of the code, or the rest of the error messages - nope, no idea at all.
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02-09-2013
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this is the only error. \nDo you want to see the whole code?
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this is the only error. \nDo you want to see the whole code?
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and why?
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[Error] expected declaration or statement at end of input \r\nThis problem occurs when I try to run that part of the program. \r\nWhat should I do??
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Your description is hideously unclear, but suggests you are successfully compiling, linking, and running the program. Presumably, therefore, the error message is produced by some function within the program, probably one that is calling the statistics() function. Accordingly, you need to examine the source code for the function that produces the error message. \r\n \r\nIf you are going to post here, don't assume we have any information about YOUR problem unless you provide it. \r\n \r\nForum members are rarely mindreaders so, unless you give useful information, you cannot expect useful advice.
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02-09-2013
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Read through your file first and make sure you aren't missing any parentheses or braces. This kind of error can occur because you forgot to close something, for example, and the compiler just keeps going until it hits the end of the file. It typically won't tell you where you "messed up" in this case, but the point of the problem is always above the first line number reported.
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I had forgotten to close the braces in Main. I wasn't worried about posting the code I just didn't see the necessity for it since this was the only problem. Clearly I was wrong. Thank you very much for your help. As you can already tell -I suppose - I am a newbie in programming and that's why I thought errors are function specific.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi,guys. \r\n under unix. certain can be done in this below here!!! \r\nbut can i learn it in a short period/ any tutorial for that? \r\ncan u explain what's the batch processing,printing and depatch report to clients? is it easy to be done in unix? \r\nhow to do that? any short tutorial... pls.. urgents!!! \r\nhear from u guys!!! \r\n \r\n \r\n to operate and monitor both system procedures in accordance with operations/system procedures and standars.--> explain!! \r\n \r\nto perform batch processing,printing and despatch of reports to the clients. --->explain!!!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twell that didnt really make any sense but it kind of sounded like you want system info: look into the /proc filesystem. \r\n \r\nthe "ps" command (many useful arguments) \r\nprinting: look into the lpd suite and cups\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\thello,lithium \r\n can u tell me more about the system info that u mentioned to me/ \r\n the /proc filesystem. \r\n \r\n what's the usage of the "ps"??? tell me.... \r\n \r\nwhen in the printing? is it used the lpd suit and cups/ \r\nhello there...\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ti recommend the "rute linux guide" \r\n \r\nyou can get the ebook online for free here: \r\nhttp://www.icon.co.za/~psheer/book/rute.html.gz \r\n \r\nthat has a chapter on most things you will need help on. \r\n \r\nthe /proc is a virtual filesystem (made by the linux kernel actually taking no hard disk space unless you copy files) which contains files containing system information. such as /proc/cpuinfo for, as you might guess, information about the cpu. there are other files that you can open and read both in a shell or in C.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSo,lithium \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nwhat for to operate and monitor both system procedures in accordance with operations/system procedures and standars \r\nCAn u explain this in details? \r\n \r\n \r\nwhat for to perform batch processing,printing and despatch of reports to the clients. \r\nCan u explain this in details? \r\n \r\nplss..hope to hear from u again \r\n \r\nu meant /proc is to look that the system informations. \r\nis that? \r\n \r\nhow about the /proc/cpuinfo \r\n \r\n \r\nand tell me "ps" .... how it works and usage? thanks!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJoanna, \r\n \r\nYou need to explain better. \r\n \r\nDo you know windows? \r\nCan you explain using windows equivilence? \r\n \r\nYou seem to be asking 'how linux works?'. If you are, it's best to buy a book. \r\n \r\nrotis23\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\thi,rotis23 \r\n \r\n i need someone to explain this to me, \r\ni know a bit about windows only,rotis....... \r\n \r\nok..here is it...... \r\n \r\n \r\n1)) to operate and monitor both system procedures in accordance with operations/system procedures and standars.--> explain!! \r\n \r\n how to operate and monitor both system procedures in accordance with operation and standars? how to do that? plss \r\n \r\n \r\n2)) to perform batch processing,printing and despatch of reports to the clients. --->explain!!! \r\n \r\n wat is batch processing,printing and despatch of reports about? \r\ncan i learn it a fast way? plsss....... urgent..rotis23!!!!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI'm sorry Joanna, you're just repeating the same questions that I failed to understand before. \r\n \r\nIs this some kind of assignment?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIts ok,rotis. \r\n \r\n alright.. u just answer this.... what's this? This is not a assigment. \r\n \r\n u can tell me what is batch processsing,printing and the despatch of reports mean in unix? plsss............ \r\n \r\n \r\nthanks!!!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trotis, \r\n is there any function to process a bulk of data in unix? \r\nif u do........... just tell me more about that stuff. \r\nthanks!!!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWell Joanna, \r\n \r\nIt depends on what data you want to process and how you want to process it. \r\n \r\nDefine the specific problem.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJoanna, please be more specific. Is this in some sort of book? a website or other place? post more of what is needed? \r\n \r\nperhaps dispatch report/printing means that you need to program some sort of server which will update files on client computers and print something? \r\n \r\nexplain more.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
I've just received a letter from IGDA with more information on their research on Quality of Life in the gaming industry (built on from the white paper they published a few months back). In the references for the newsletter, there was a link to a guy's blog at EA: \r\nhttp://www.livejournal.com/users/joe...ff/2004/11/10/ \r\nI found it very interesting, I'd read through the IGDA's white paper when they published it and that kind of made me wavery about joining up with the gaming industry, as I would like to eventually have a family someday....so I've been spending a lot more time lately designing software rather than gamedev stuff... \r\n \r\nJust wondering what others thought about that blog post, it's kinda tipped me even further in the general direction of not wanting to join the gamedev industry..
Hi \n \nPlease have a look on this table: \nhttp://img192.imageshack.us/img192/4...ledatatype.jpg \n \n"int" is system dependent and on 32-bit system occupies four bytes. As there are 8 bits in one byte therefore there are total 32 bits. If 2 is raised to the power of 32, 2^(32), it comes to 4294967296 which is equal to combined numerical range of int (2,147,483,648 + 2,147,483,647). The same is true for other variable types except "float" and "double". Why is so? \n \nIs "float" also system dependent like "int? \n \nWhat does the digits of precision, 7 and 15, for "float" and "double" respectively mean? Does this mean decimal point is followed by 7 and 15 digits respectively? \n \nIt would be very nice of you if you would help me with the above queries. Please keep the things simple. \n \nRegards \nJackson
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04-15-2011
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> Is "float" also system dependent like "int? \nYes, but variation is less common. The C standard follows what IEEE defines, which in turn is what comes available in hardware FPU's. There is always scope to implement a float with more bits allocated to it, but it would be a lot of work for the implementer. \n \n> Does this mean decimal point is followed by 7 and 15 digits respectively? \nNo, it means the left-most N digits (regardless of the decimal point) \nSo \n123456789 \n123.456789 \n0.000123456789
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The floating point variables have a more complex representation. But if you study how they are represented you can then understand where those numbers come from.
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04-17-2011
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Floating point essentially uses scientific notation.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActually the object base class implements all of its methods to the best of it's ability. \r\n \r\nI have encountered the same problem you have in my system at times. Let's say I have materials for objects. The material properties applied to an object determine how light interacts with the object. This is a resource but it is an engine resource not a game resource. So the first derivation of objects is just that. I have resource objects and then game objects. Keeping the two separate has been much easier than lumping them together. \r\n \r\nNow I know this means you will have 2 derivations before you actually get to the specific objects, but it makes things a lot easier conceptually and architecturally. I hate having 2 derivations but I've not found a good way to get around it. \r\n \r\nSo in short my core engine setup: \r\n \r\nEngine architecture \r\nResources \r\n
CResource - Resource base class
CMaterial - (D3DMATERIAL9)
CShader - (ID3DXEffect)
CLight - (D3DLIGHT9)
CTexture - (IDirect3DTexture9)
CD3DXMesh - (ID3DXMesh)
CD3DXProgMesh - (ID3DXPMesh)
CAnimFrame - animation frame class \r\n
\r\nResource managers \r\n
CResMgr - Resource manager base class
CMatlMgr - Materials manager
CShaderMgr - Shader manager
CLightMgr - Light manager
CTexMgr - Texture manager
CD3DXMeshMgr - Model mesh manager
CD3DXProgMeshMgr - Model progressive mesh manager
CAnimSeq - animation sequence class - animation frame container class
CDXSoundEmitter - container class for sound segments - each emitter can have any number of sounds associated with it and each play on separate audio paths
\r\n \r\nScript support \r\n
ScriptCmn.h - script support common header file
CScriptVarMgr - Script variable container class
\r\n \r\nUtility classes \r\n
CCamera - 3D camera support (cockpit/first person, chase, object, flyby, and free floating camera support)
COrient3D - controls all 3D orientations for all objects
CINIReader - reads ini files in form [Header] Key=Value
CTimer - timer class
\r\n \r\nEngine objects (non-game specific) \r\n
CSkyBox - skybox support
CBillboard - billboarding support
CSprite - sprite class (uses a CAnimSeq)
CSkySphere - spherical skybox support (also textured sphere support)
\r\n \r\nCore engine classes \r\n
CD3DApp - Direct3D application base class
CD3DView - Direct3D view class (not quite implemented fully)
CDXAudio - DirectMusic base class
CDXInput - DirectInput base class
CDXShowWnd - DirectShow base class
CKeyboard - keyboard device class
CMouse - mouse device class
CGamePad - stick/pad device class
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CEngineException - exception handling class
CMemCheck - memory checking class (not fully implemented)
\r\n \r\nThis is a small list of the basic engine classes. An actual game coded with the engine would have many more object and game specific classes. \r\n \r\nI'm not sure what you mean by a database but since all of my base classes can stream to disk, all of the derived classes inherit that support and/or can override the base implementation if needed. \r\n \r\nEither you are going to create tons of template classes for managers or you are going to create tons of separate manager classes. Either way all objects cannot just be lumped into one huge container because they are so different from one another. My actual game code classes for my space project and for the Zelda project are also quite numerous but they derive from these. This is what I would consider my core engine code and I would like to keep it separate from game specific data and objects. \r\n \r\nI was going to create a memory and file resource class but found that both of those were so simple they were not needed. Plus any memory class I come up with is probably not going to be faster than just using new and delete. \r\nI also wanted to create an archive class but it proved to be a bit more difficult than I first thought. \r\n \r\nThe simple way to do object serialization is to take the MFC approach. If your base resource class has a Serialize() function or WriteToDisk() ReadFromDisk() then you can just make it a pure virtual. This means it will have to be implemented in derived classes and you cannot instantiate the base. Since the base object has no way of knowing how to write the object to disk I recommend this approach. So in your derived classes you simply code the virtual function specific to your object. \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\r\n...\r\nCShipMgr *pShipMgr=new CShipMgr();\r\npShipMgr->AddFromINI(m_spDevice,"INI\\\\Ships\\\\Ships.ini","Terran")\r\nCArchiveFile *pFile=new CArchiveFile("TerranShips",WRITE_ONLY);\r\nCArchiver *pArchive=new CArchiver(pFile,CArchiver::WRITE);\r\npShipMgr->Serialize(pArchive)\r\n\r\n...\r\n...\r\n\r\n//CShipMgr derived from CResMgr which has pure virtual Serialize(CArchiver *pArchiver)\r\nvoid CShipMgr::Serialize(CArchiver *pArchiver)\r\n{\r\n if (pArchiver->IsStoring())\r\n {\r\n //Write data to stream\r\n }\r\n else\r\n {\r\n //Read data from stream\r\n }\r\n}
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI see, well I wonder... \r\n \r\nWith the create method in the object base class, what can we possibly implement when we don't know what kind of data the object stores? \r\n \r\nLike you were saying, when you create a new object it could be a material, or a mesh, or a sound.. Each of these objects have completely different variables and such, like vertices or a sound file... or lighting details... They have absolutely nothing in common.. What could I implement in the create function that would be universal to all objects? \r\n \r\nThe same goes for the delete method. Perhaps we can access all of the objects via pointer, but that is also handled by the manager class, it returns a pointer to a raw object. \r\n \r\nUnless the access method is ment to return the data contained in each specific object class, such as an array of vertices or something like that, which would be useful. So then again none of that data is ever the same, none of it is in common. Really only the abstract idea of the methods in the object base class are the same.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate would be virtual. Implement it in the derived object classes. You could implement creation in the constructor but then you get into lots of exceptions being thrown but it does follow RAII. \r\n \r\nYou are creating interfaces for your derived objects. This ensures that your derived objects implement some type of standard interfaces/functions for each object and manager. These are not interfaces such as COM interfaces but the principle is somewhat the same.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI guess the only problem now is making it so my objects can be serialized and deserialized. Especially Menu objects. \r\n \r\nBut that post is in the C++ forums.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWell you can create your own archive system. How you approach that is up to you. \r\n \r\nI recommend creating a file class and an archive class to keep them separate much like MFC does.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Hey everyone, I'm a new member to this forum. I really like the interface, and I hope this forum can be my #1 key to learning C++ \r\n \r\n \r\nAs far as the tutorials go, I'm currently reading them. But I might have questions along the way, so I hope no one minds me asking. I would also like to apologize if I seem to ask any specific questions in the future, because I like to know things 100%. I learn pretty fast, so you won't see the same question twice just as long as I get a good answer. \r\n \r\nI look forward to a great time in the forums, and I uphold much respect for those experienced programmers. You are definitely a role model for me. I hope to be a great programmer soon. \r\n \r\n \r\nTo start things off, I give you my first question: \r\n \r\nConcerning header files (the ones you bring into the program at the start via #include), how do I know which ones I need? Would it be possible to get a function list along with their descriptions for each library file? I don't know about you guys, but I think a list of functions and detailed descriptions/examples for each is essential in learning the language and it's possibilities. This is how I learned TI-Basic, because the book had an index of available functions and examples and descriptions for each! Anyhow, I hope you guys can answer! \r\n \r\nWell, again, I really love the forum so far! Lots of useful information available to me! Thanks! Take it easy guys!
Hello MrDoomMaster, I am sure you will like this forum, people are cool and very knowledgeable you should find nearly everything you need here. \r\n \r\nAs for the header files I don't reckon you need a list of each function or an explanation, you will know when you need a function in a program and when you know what you need you will be able to find out the name and subsequently find the name of the header file. \r\n \r\nThats how I do it anyway.
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I was reading the Intro to C++ in the tutorial, and it should have talked about "using namespace", but I didn't see it. Where can I read about it?
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10-31-2003
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using namespaces prevents conflicts in naming. \r\nthe most common is \r\nusing namespace std; \r\nthis tells you that you will be using functions from the standard template library otherwise you would have to use the :: scope resolution operator \r\nfor instance std::cout << whatever;
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10-31-2003
\r\n\t\tjoshdick\r\n\t
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Hey, MrDoomMaster. Welcome to the C Board. I think I like you already. I'd suggest a programming book and if possible, a programming/CS course to complement what you learn online.
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10-31-2003
\r\n\t\tMrDoomMaster\r\n\t
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well, I have a book... Visual C++ by some old guy, and it's REALLY way too thick, over 1500 pages... I don't have that much patience. I figure maybe I could learn it better if I just work with the code, and get information as it is needed. But, if you could recommend some less frustrating books, I would definitely consider them. For now, all I can rely on are the tutorials. \r\n \r\nAlso, I tried running a test condition for an IF statement, and the code looks like this: \r\n \r\nif(test1 && test2 = 3) \r\n \r\nbut, the compiler gives an error of: \r\n \r\n11 C:\\Programming Projects\\main.cpp \r\nnon-lvalue in assignment \r\n \r\n \r\nI figured this would work, but it doesn't. Anyhow, thanks for replying everyone! \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\nPS: so from the description of Using Namespace, it's pretty much the same as #include? Hmm... a bit fuzzy right now, I'll continue reading the tutorials and maybe I'll find the answers sometime. Thanks anyway!
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10-31-2003
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One equals sign (=) is the assignment. Two equals sign(==) is the boolean equals sign. \r\n
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The former takes the value of y and assigns it to x. The latter checks to see if x equals y and returns true if they are and false otherwise. \r\n \r\nWhen I was learning the beginning concepts of C++, I read all of the "idiot," "dummy," and "in X days" books. I found that each of them lacked in some area, but reading all of them yields a rather comprehensive introduction to the language. Also, the repetition helps with remembering and clarity. I found all of those books at my local library. If you'd prefer one really good intro to C++ book, perform a seach of this board. You'll find plenty of threads in which members suggest such books. In any case, I'd suggest not starting with visual C++.
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10-31-2003
\r\n\t\tMrDoomMaster\r\n\t
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\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\tOriginally posted by joshdick \r\nOne equals sign (=) is the assignment. Two equals sign(==) is the boolean equals sign. \r\n
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\r\n\tx = y; \r\n// is very different from \r\nx==y;\r\n
The former takes the value of y and assigns it to x. The latter checks to see if x equals y and returns true if they are and false otherwise. \r\n \r\nWhen I was learning the beginning concepts of C++, I read all of the "idiot," "dummy," and "in X days" books. I found that each of them lacked in some area, but reading all of them yields a rather comprehensive introduction to the language. Also, the repetition helps with remembering and clarity. I found all of those books at my local library. If you'd prefer one really good intro to C++ book, perform a seach of this board. You'll find plenty of threads in which members suggest such books. In any case, I'd suggest not starting with visual C++. \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t
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\r\nI see... Yeah, I miss little thing sometimes like the == :P \r\n \r\nIf only I had a good resource available to give explainations of all of these errors, I wouldn't have to ask about each of them. \r\n \r\nThanks again!
There is another possible problem with your if statement. While it will compile just fine if you change the '=' to '==' like someone suggested, what I think you meant your if statement to be would be this: \r\n \r\n
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Your old statement would basically check if test1 was equal to 'true', and test2 was equal to 3. If you actually meant to check if test1 and test2 are equal to 3, then you need to do it this way.
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10-31-2003
\r\n\t\tnerdyneo\r\n\t
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if you get that list..
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if you get that list could you send me it because i'm learning c++ and i am new as well (been here about 2 days) and am really trying to learn c++ and that list could help you and me \r\n \r\n \r\n^.^ \r\n \r\nsend it to my e-mail if you want,, [email protected] \r\n \r\nmaybe we can help each other with code and stuff
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10-31-2003
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Can no one tell me how I can get explanations on compilation errors? Thanks!
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10-31-2003
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It would depend on your compiler. If your compiler has a help section, search for the error. Also, you could try copying the error you received (the general part of the error) and pasting it in google and see if anything turns up. What I usually do is double click on the error message, and it takes me to the relevant line of code. Its usually not too hard to figure out from there. \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\tOriginally posted by MrDoomMaster \r\nCan no one tell me how I can get explanations on compilation errors? Thanks! \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t
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10-31-2003
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\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\tCan no one tell me how I can get explanations on compilation errors? Thanks!\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t
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Boy how we all wish there were some explanations about the crazy errors we get from our compilers. Unfortunately the help files usually fall far short of ever helping you with them - most of it is trial and error and after that you start to get a 'feel' for the compiler. Then you start to understand why it yells at you sometimes. \r\n \r\nI started on Borland and the error messages were very easy - but in Microsoft Visual C++ this is not so. Error messages are quite convoluted and confusing. It sucks when you know you could fix the error if you could just understand the stupid message you are getting. \r\n \r\nNumber one best friend for learning C/C++ or any langauge, programming topic, etc.: www.google.com \r\n \r\nWe live and die by google. \r\n \r\n:)
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10-31-2003
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LOL "we live and die by google" \r\nso true, so true! \r\n \r\nWell, I'm using the Bloodshed Dev compliler, I looked up compilers on GOOGLE (;)) and found the best rated one! Well, I'll trial and error and see what these mean. \r\n \r\nThanks for being so friendly guys, GOD I love this forum! :D:D:D:D \r\n \r\nTake care guys, you're all bad *** so far! Man, look at what I was missing when I was at the wc2campaign.com forums! The mods in THAT forum were ***holes!! \r\n \r\nKeep up the great work guys, 2 thumbs up!
Hi all, \r\n \r\nI have a little problem. \r\n \r\nSay I have a image at x=100 y=100. \r\nWhen I press 't' the image moves around in a circle with radius 20 (the circle is invisible) \r\n \r\nSo this image moves around the circumference of the circle in a clockwise direction. \r\nWhen I click T again it stops and move back in a anticlockwise direction. \r\n \r\nAny help with the maths behind this would be much appreciated. \r\n \r\nThanks
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06-28-2007
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read about the sin and cos functions. They are able to plot points given their radius on a unit circle. With some simple multiplication you can plot it at any multiple of that unit circle.
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06-28-2007
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ahh yes that seems to be the way forward. Much appreciated
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06-28-2007
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you also need to convert the degrees to radians
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06-28-2007
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That's only if you actually want to use the sin() and cos() functions in the C standard math library. If you just want to understand the concept of how the images rotates in a circle, you don't need to. \r\n \r\nAnd if you use sin() and cos(), you'd likely need to go the other way as well. :)
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHey so...using visual c++ \r\n \r\n-I have a bitmap and a button on my main dialog \r\n \r\n-When you click the button the first bitmap should change into a second bitmap which was being held in our ResourceView. \r\n \r\n-This should work with the second picture appearing in the same x/y position as the first picture. \r\n \r\nIs this possible? If so, what's the code for it? \r\n \r\nI'm sort of a newbie so try and make it easy to understand for me. \r\nFirst post \r\nThanks \r\nLL.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI'm doing this for school... I'm not sure what you're asking me but.. \r\n \r\nI select AppWizard (exe.) \r\nDialog based program \r\n \r\nwhen I start a new app..\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIll go through this. \r\n-I open visual c++ \r\n-select file NEW \r\n-Under the projects tab, I select MFC AppWizard (exe) \r\n-Save and select ok \r\n-Select dialog based program. \r\n-Press ok. \r\n \r\n-Done. \r\n \r\n \r\nand maybe im not a newbie.. I don't know, I thought I was\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis screen is nothing to be happy about, but it shows that I am finally making noticeable progress. Well hopefully it doesn't look to horrible. It isn't much yet. I have mainly been working on rewriting the HGE renderer for myself, and working on my sound engine, which I am proud of. Well here it is anyway. \nAttachment 8082\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tSupermassive black hole\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Adak\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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io.h certainly IS included in some modern compilers. It is no longer part of the standard for C, but it is nevertheless, included in the very latest Pelles C versions.
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Salem\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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You mean it's included as a crutch to help ancient programmers limp along without them having to relearn too much. \r\n \r\nOutside of your DOS world, your header file is meaningless.
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io.h certainly IS included in some modern compilers. It is no longer part of the standard for C, but it is nevertheless, included in the very latest Pelles C versions.
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Salem\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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You mean it's included as a crutch to help ancient programmers limp along without them having to relearn too much. \r\n \r\nOutside of your DOS world, your header file is meaningless.
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tActually for the console window I just made it a console project, and then made the window inside of it. That way I can use console for debug. Also keeps from having to worry about the console memory. \nYea it is a face on the left hand side. Hopefully I'll get my menus and stuff working within the next few days. \n \nEdit: \n \n@h3ro: Malignant Trials is a story I have been writing for a long long time, so kinda a final fantasy(4-6) kinda of look, but with a lot sharper graphics, and hopefully some cool effects. Nice thing though is I have the battle system done(almost), just have to port it to the DirectX graphics instead of console text. (So basically graphic-ize) the whole thing. \n \nTakes forever, because I can't find any art unique enough, and I'm not an artist so it takes awhile. Thanks again for the input\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Raigne; 04-22-2008 at 12:57 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI need to learn how to handle a .blend file(from the graphics program blender) in C++. Just really to get it into the game. Anyone know how?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tisnt .blend the blender project file? I think youd want to export it to a more managable 3D format. I forget off hand what blender supports, just check File -> Export and try. Then you'll need to write a parser for that file format, and a renderer to render the vertex/poly information you parse from the file. \r\n \r\ncheck ww.wotsit.org for some file format specifications \r\n \r\nalso, if you google around you can probably find some model loading classes for various formats.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi \r\n \r\nI was reading ISO C99 standard about linkage. \r\n \r\n
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So if I wrote \r\n \r\n
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The 1st a has no linkage. According to the standard, after 2nd declaration, 'a' has external linkage? Then why I can't find its information in the symbol table with the nm command?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by slingerland3g\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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What compiler errors are you getting? That should be your first clue.
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There's no compiler error in my case. Also I don't think this should be an error. It is a syntactic problem. I want to understand what the standard really means. The standard states 'a' is external linkage so I think it should be seen using the nm command as an external symbol. But I can't see it.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tand the Hat of Guessing\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReally? If I run gcc on your file, I get: \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by password636\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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There's no compiler error in my case. Also I don't think this should be an error. It is a syntactic problem. I want to understand what the standard really means. The standard states 'a' is external linkage so I think it should be seen using the nm command as an external symbol. But I can't see it.
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In my compiler too I get the following error. \r\n
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And I guess it's because int a is a definition and when the compiler encounters extern declaration, it assumes that 'a' has been already defined somewhere. So it throws redefinition error.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
HOPE YOU UNDERSTAND....... \r\n \r\nBy associating with wise people you will become wise yourself \r\nIt's fine to celebrate success but it is more important to heed the lessons of failure \r\nWe've got to put a lot of money into changing behavior \r\n \r\n \r\nPC specifications- 512MB RAM, Windows XP sp3, 2.79 GHz pentium D. \r\nIDE- Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Express Edition
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Really? If I run gcc on your file, I get: \r\n
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[tester@localhost apue2]$ cat test.c\r\n\r\nint main(void)\r\n{\r\n int a; //1st\r\n extern int a; //2nd\r\n printf("%d\\n", a);\r\n}\r\n[tester@localhost apue2]$ gcc test.c -Wall\r\ntest.c: In function `main':\r\ntest.c:6: warning: implicit declaration of function `printf'\r\ntest.c:7: warning: control reaches end of non-void function\r\n[tester@localhost apue2]$ gcc --version\r\ngcc (GCC) 3.4.4 20050721 (Red Hat 3.4.4-2)\r\nCopyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\nThis is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO\r\nwarranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\r\n\r\n[tester@localhost apue2]$
I think that I worded my previous post incorrectly. What I meant to ask was, how are bots made in c++? For instance, how does a bot for a pc game move your character/player/whatever without you actually doing it--you could be taking a shower and you can have a bot running to control the character in the game. Does the bot( program from now on) give the hardware commands that the game responds to OR does the program give the game commands directly?
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01-09-2005
\r\n\t\tsean\r\n\t
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Generally, programs intercept messages from the hardware, and respond to it. Other programs can send messages to other programs, and can just simply send the hardware program's message. It's done in Windows quite often.
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01-09-2005
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These are typically accomplished under Windows through keybd_event(), mouse_event(), SendInput(), or SendMessage(). \r\n \r\nEDIT: The first three insert data into the keyboard and/or mouse input stream, while SendMessage() will allow you to send a mouse or keyboard event directly to the application.
My problem, a runtime error. It is- The variable 'aMenuChoice' is being used without being defined. \r\n \r\nAnd we know it is. \r\n \r\nand then later I get this when I enter something and hit the key enter: \r\nUnhandled exception at 0x0041441f in Classes.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation writing location 0xcccccccc. \r\n \r\nWhat's my problem?
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06-22-2002
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your variable is declared as a pointer \r\nand it is pointing to un-allocated memory... \r\n \r\nthis is the thing that crashes your program \r\n \r\nit must be either \r\n \r\nchar choise; \r\ncin>>choise; \r\n \r\nOR \r\nchar *choise = new char[200];//string \r\ncin>> choise; //assign something to the string
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi, \r\n \r\n I'd like to know how you actually build a game structure, \r\n I know c++,win32,opengl and all, and if made a opengl game \r\n but i keep running into the unsatisfactory of unorginized code. \r\n \r\n I'd like to know how you seperate the game in classes, for \r\n example should i make a class named render, that holds the \r\n functions that render everything to the screen or should i \r\n make indivudual classes that are called for example cube1 wich \r\n holds all it's ascociated fuctions (render,rotate,scale etc.). \r\n And what if you have a huge amount of objects, you're going to \r\n have to make a class for all of them? how do you manage \r\n something like that? \r\n \r\n As you might have guessed i'd like to know how to orginize my \r\n code the best way, at the moment i just have them in a pile of \r\n functions all scattered through the program, wich is in my eye's \r\n just a disaster. \r\n \r\n Any help would be appriciated.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI separate it as DATA Classes and FUNCTION Classes. \r\n \r\nAnything that is a physically represented object is gonna hold DATA Members like.... \r\n
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class ENTITY {\r\n\r\npublic:\r\n float x,y,z; //3D vector points\r\n float az; //for azimuth\r\n int state; //state of the entity, helps with Frame animation reference\r\n int AIState; //state of the entity ai frame, what's it's current thought process.\r\n bool AIisON; //Whether we've turned on the AI or not\r\n bool isAlive; //Is this bot alive\r\n\r\n...........\r\n};\r\n\r\nNOW FUNCTION CLASS that manipulates the ENTITY DATA members\r\n\r\nclass FXN_ENTITY{\r\npublic:\r\n bool checkAlive(ENTITY ent); //Check whether an Entity is alive\r\n ........\r\n };
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For instance, you know that A RENDER applies to many or even all of your objects why rewrite the code umpteen times or worry about whether you have duplicated a function for similar objects. \r\n \r\nI would create a RENDER FUNCTION CLASS that holds nothing but functions to draw objects. In that RENDER class I would have several different functions according to the object I want drawn. Certain objects require a set number of DATA points so I would create a SQUARE DATA CLASS with just data members in it and then I would create a function within the RENDER to accept my SQUARE DATA POINTS (OBJ) and draw it accordingly. \r\n \r\nEDIT: For simple shapes that are supported by DirectX or OpenGL like the Square, triangle, etc. I wouldn't create a CLASS for them but rather a TOKEN or FLAG that I can pass to a generic Render function that would draw them.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by OneStiffRod; 12-26-2002 at 09:53 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclasses have data and methods that act on the data. \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tI separate it as DATA Classes and FUNCTION Classes.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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Usually this makes for confusing code. If you do this \r\nyou can make the function classes methods static. \r\nBut anyways you can write the same code less confusing like this \r\n \r\n
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class ENTITY {\r\n float x,y,z; //3D vector points\r\n float az; //for azimuth\r\n int state; //state of the entity, helps with Frame animation reference\r\n int AIState; //state of the entity ai frame, what's it's current thought process.\r\n bool AIisON; //Whether we've turned on the AI or not\r\n bool isAlive; //Is this bot alive\r\npublic:\r\n bool checkAlive() const { return isAlive; }\r\n virtual void draw() = 0;\r\n};
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOke,reading your post's decided to do it this way, \r\n i have certain classes that hold information about them, for \r\n example class field (tictactoe) wich holds then functions to draw \r\n it, to refresh position of them etc. , but i've seen alot of programs \r\n wich have for evry object a class, like player and field and \r\n vehichel and menu etc. , I once tried that i found out that i \r\n coulnd't place my functions right, i was fighting with myself \r\n wether to put that function in that class or that class, i think \r\n multi file projects is a good thing but there are beraly any \r\n tutorials to find on them, how you manage your classes and var's \r\n or func's, Any good tutorial suggestion? \r\n \r\n [edit] \r\n \r\n Another reason i picked this way of programming was of the \r\n capibility to easy rewrite a part of your program\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Travis Dane; 12-27-2002 at 10:17 AM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOOP perspective on the situation: \r\n \r\nEverything is in classes. I wouldn't recommend making "Function" classes and "Data" classes -- if the concept that you are modeling doesn't have both, then it simply shouldn't be a class -- though this doesn't ever happen with the pure OOP paradigm. All objects have a function/functions or else they would have no use in your program. The only time in Object-Oriented C++ that you really need functions that aren't a part of classes are when you overload a binary operator and you want the left hand operand to be a primitive datatype, and that's just because that's the only way you can do it in the language. \r\n \r\nFor rendering, what I recommend you do is create a bunch of classes for your primitives. In 2D those would be for still sprites, animations, etc. In 3D those would be your your triangles, triangle strips, triangle fans, etc. \r\n \r\nMake an abstract rendering class and create a singleton for dynamic allocation of children of the abstract rendering class that can be constructed and destructed at runtime. \r\n \r\nThe rendering class should be responsible for drawing the primitives -- not the primitives themselves. The reason for this is you can easily program child renderers for different APIs such as Direct3D, OpenGL, etc. by just destructing the object created by the singleton and reconstructing with a different child renderer. That way, you don't have to change the primitives to change the way that they are rendered and you leave yourself open to create more renderers without altering any of the code for the primitives, and you can also then allow people to port your program to another API while only having to see a small portion of the code (IE load the child renderers via DLLs created by you or other programmers wishing to port).\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThank for the big and explaining reply, \r\n But i still haven't figured out what method is best, \r\n So are there any big multi file projects source for download? \r\n I'm not really planning to port my program over to another API, \r\n So what you suggest is to make a class that holds the rendering \r\n functions?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYeah, I still recommend making a rendering class -- might as well leave yourself open for modularity now so if you do decide to go back and change later it's not a rough trip. It's a good learning experience anyways. \r\n \r\nThe child rendering classes' constructors should be in charge of starting up and initializing anything you need in the API you're using. Destructing closes all of it back down. It's data is anything you need to interface with the API and any other data you see fit. \r\n \r\nThe renders should have overloaded virtual "Render" member functions -- one for each primitive type. \r\n \r\nFor organization, what I personally do is I make APIs for Audio, Graphics, Input, Time, Networking, Data Structures, Application Loop, and anything else you'd need. The APIs are as abstract as possible and I only keep the most basic classes as a part of them (usually no child classes). Usually, each API has 2 "levels." Each level represents a different level of complexity -- the lower level is only classes with solely inline functions (enumerations and associated functions, etc) and consists of just a header file, and the higher level is where the actual core abstract classes are. \r\n \r\nEach API's high level has one header and one cpp for its abstract classes and any implementation. \r\n \r\nThen, the next level is not a direct part of the API, but is made up of classes derived from and or containing classes from the high level of the API and consists of things that are much more application specific. \r\n \r\nMost of the APIs have singletons used for construction and destruction at runtime to provide an extra layer of modularity and to allow people to dynamically destruct certain APIs when they aren't using them for memory conservation. \r\n \r\nSo heres a quick breakdown of how I personally set up the graphics of an application. \r\n \r\nI've first got the low level of the graphics API. Here, you have classes for things such as color enumerations. \r\n \r\nNext, I have the high level of the graphics API. Here is where you start making your primitives -- triangles, etc. as I explained previously. You also have our abstract renderer here (but no children yet). \r\n \r\nThen, I have the personal "standard libraries" associated with the API. This is where you might put a 3D model class which uses the primitives from the high level of the graphics API. \r\n \r\nCompile both level of the API to a static link library and do the same for any "standard libraries" you create from them. \r\n \r\nWhat's good about this set up is you don't even have to include the "standard libraries" if you don't want to. It's very easy to reuse the code from the API without including game specific graphics classes that might be in your "standard libraries." \r\n \r\nI create DLLs for the renderers -- try to keep them separate from the actual program because their implementations are usually not portable. What's great about this is, since the "standard libraries" we created are a level above the primitives and are rendered purely from primitive data, you, or someone else, can port the entire application's graphics (or other APIs) simply by creating a new DLL and they only have to see the two levels of the API and none of the libraries you created from them (IE they don't have to see any of your model classes, etc.). \r\n \r\nIt makes your program extremely modular and also makes it very well organized. It makes it almost impossible to get lost in your code.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Polymorphic OOP; 12-27-2002 at 12:02 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClasses are a very good way to organize your code. In fact I've been making the GDS for my TBS game I'm making, and the past two days I've been just trying to design the class for the units and the linked lists to hold them (that's right, I'm using C++ and linked lists, so shoot me ). Usually it shouldn't take that long, but I've been trying new things, I've learned a LOT about OOP these past two days. \r\n \r\nMake sure you plan, plan, plan, and then plan again. I've started a lot of projects, but I can't even remember the last time I finished one (or where in the world the floppy for it is ). Make a GDS, plan out your game. What type of game do you want to make? Then after you plan that plan out things like setting, main characters, etc. Then start writing out ideas of how you are going to structure your game's engine. I like to try for a data driven engine. Not just so I can use it in other games, more of I like to make an engine, then make a game, instead of making an engine and a game at the same time. Of course, you will find times where you need to add in stuff to the engine to do stuff. I usually just plan out the type of game I'm making and the UI then jump to the code structure, because I usually have the most problems with the programming. \r\n \r\nEverybody has their own way of planning, and once you find a technique that works for you, use it. Just don't do what I used to do and say "I want to make an RPG" and go in and make a tile-engine and then realize "oh crap, I forgot to do this and this and that" and then say "okay, now I guess the only thing I can do is a complete overhaul of code. I need to just go in and delete everything and start from scratch, it'll be better next time". It may be better next time, but if you still didn't plan, you'll eventually have to overhaul the code again, more than likely.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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+ },
+ {
+ "url": "https://cboard.cprogramming.com/windows-programming/16589-tlistbox-how-get-text-item-2-a.html",
+ "domain": "cboard.cprogramming.com",
+ "file_source": "part-00468-d9b45f53-efdc-4ae8-a3e4-b1d5d9e13869-c000",
+ "content": "\r\n\r\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n \r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t Tlistbox, How to get the text of Item 2?\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi, Im using Borland C++ and having problems with tlistbox. \r\n \r\nI want to get the text of item 2 in the listbox.. Anyone help?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrom the Win32 API reference: \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tAn application sends an LB_GETTEXT message to retrieve a string from a list box. \r\n \r\nLB_GETTEXT \r\nwParam = (WPARAM) index; // item index \r\nlParam = (LPARAM) (LPCTSTR) lpszBuffer; // address of buffer \r\n \r\n \r\nParameters \r\n \r\nindex \r\n \r\nValue of wParam. Specifies the zero-based index of the string to retrieve. \r\nWindows 95: The wParam parameter is limited to 16-bit values. This means list boxes cannot contain more than 32,767 items. Although the number of items is restricted, the total size in bytes of the items in a listbox is limited only by available memory. \r\n \r\nlpszBuffer \r\n \r\nValue of lParam. Points to the buffer that will receive the string. The buffer must have sufficient space for the string and a terminating null character. An LB_GETTEXTLEN message can be sent before the LB_GETTEXT message to retrieve the length, in characters, of the string. \r\n \r\nReturn Values \r\n \r\nThe return value is the length of the string, in characters, excluding the terminating null character. If index does not specify a valid index, the return value is LB_ERR. \r\n \r\nRemarks \r\n \r\nIf you create the list box with an owner-drawn style but without the LBS_HASSTRINGS style, the buffer pointed to by the lpszBuffer parameter will receive the 32-bit value associated with the item (the item data). \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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You can send this message with the SendMessage Command. \r\n \r\n - Sean\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
I just downloaded the AVG Virus scanner and started running it... I'm laughing, because evidently I have this virus: \nhttp://www.sophos.com/virusinfo/analyses/lsd.html \n \nIf I can find the filename for that, I'm making a backup. It looks like a funny virus.
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\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tThis is a very rare virus which displays a multi-coloured image.\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t
hmmm... virus scan finished, and on further inspection, it seems that I downloaded that virus off planetsourcecode.com, which is great, since they claim to scan everything.
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Perhaps their scanner had a bad trip. :D
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06-15-2003
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How do you like the AVG AV?
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06-16-2003
\n\t\tXei\n\t
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Could you give me the link you used from planetsourcecode.com, please? \n \nOh, I have a favor to ask you. Time the virus, I want to see how efficient it is.
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AVG is pretty nice. Less than a 6mb d/l, try it out. \n \nI can't give you a link because I downloaded it a long time ago, but I know it was from Planetsourcecode. I was downloading things off of there to learn how to do 3D effects and such, and was sticking them all in a directory. I also downloaded things like how to do the \"plasma\" effect that was popular when that was still a strain on the CPU. If you look at the first link, that is exactly what that virus does. It was saved in a zip file in the directory from planetsourcecode. It was a DOS program and I never ran it, so it's obvious that it didn't copy itself there somehow - would have been quite the random directory for it anyway. So, I can't prove it, and I've deleted the virus, but I know it came from planetsourcecode.
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AVG is free and it works, but its interface is not at all professional and logical though.
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06-18-2003
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I tested AVG last year. At least two of the trojan horse servers I downloaded were not detected by the program at all. It let me run them, and they were installed silently. \n \n(optix pro i believe one was called).
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\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tOriginally posted by blackrat364 \nAVG is pretty nice. Less than a 6mb d/l, try it out. \n \nI can't give you a link because I downloaded it a long time ago, but I know it was from Planetsourcecode. I was downloading things off of there to learn how to do 3D effects and such, and was sticking them all in a directory. I also downloaded things like how to do the \"plasma\" effect that was popular when that was still a strain on the CPU. If you look at the first link, that is exactly what that virus does. It was saved in a zip file in the directory from planetsourcecode. It was a DOS program and I never ran it, so it's obvious that it didn't copy itself there somehow - would have been quite the random directory for it anyway. So, I can't prove it, and I've deleted the virus, but I know it came from planetsourcecode. \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t
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Maybe the virus writer stole code from this (non-destructive) project that you have downloaded, and the signitures made by AVG pick that similarity up and adopt a \"better-safe-than-sorry\" strategy\"
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat does "Lapides provolventes" mean? \r\nWell... The Rolling Stones \r\n \r\nCheck this out, it's funny: \r\nhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A218882 \r\n \r\n \r\nP.s. \r\nI think I'll re-use some of these for error messages in my DX-game \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tthe hat of redundancy hat\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
hth \r\n-nv \r\n \r\nShe was so Blonde, she spent 20 minutes looking at the orange juice can because it said "Concentrate." \r\n \r\nWhen in doubt, read the FAQ. \r\nThen ask a smart question.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI need to know the syntax for declaring a pointer to a templated function. More specificly, I need to be able to pass a pointer to a function declared as: \r\n \r\ntemplate <class T> \r\nint foo(const T&, const T&) \r\n \r\ninto a member function of my class. \r\nI tried: \r\n \r\ntypedef template <class T> int (* foo)(const T&, const T&) \r\n \r\nHowever, that apparently is incorrect.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI've never done this before, but you should remember that a template is only for developing a class, therefore you need to specify the type of "T" whenever you do anything like this.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI know how to use ms windows very well and have just enough experiance in programming for it that I can basically get something done if I just look it up at msdn. I program using the visual c++ compiler and traditional C windows code. However, I want to try to get into the linux programming scene, but I don't know where to start! \r\n \r\nI have installed the latest redhat and took a look at Kdevelop. It was very confusing. And I couldn't believe the font everything was in. Cursive! It just hurt my eyes, so I gave up and loaded "can't go wrong with" ms windows again. But does anyone know where there might be some good tutorials on linux programming for newbies to the API and not the language. Maybe even a good book to look at. \r\n \r\nThx, I would appreciate it.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tgo HERE: http://www.advancedlinuxprogramming.com and download the book...since you are a C programmer, you should catch on quickly. it'll get you started on the journey anyway.... \r\n \r\nnobody that i know uses KDevelop. usually products that try to emulate a windows development environment don't pass over too well with linux users. i guess they're just to doing things a different way...\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ti will suggest the following web address where u can get more info about linux \r\n \r\nhttp://www.linuxfromscratch.org/ \r\n \r\nhave a nice day \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBeginning Linux Programming by Wrox Press is a great overview of the Linux Programing "scene". \r\n \r\nNot that I would call it much of a scene. If it's the low-level stuff you're looking for check out: \r\n \r\nUnderstanding the Linux Kernel (O'reilly) \r\nAdvanced Programming in the Unix Environment, by Richard Stevens \r\n \r\nThey are probably the most comprehensive guides to using the guts of linux. \r\n \r\nAside from that, the linux programmers manual (man pages for system calls) and the header files themselves (sys/whatever.h) are very informative. \r\n \r\n-starX \r\nwww.axisoftime.com\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\talso, your font problem is just that, a font problem, it's not KDevelop. The solution is just finding and deleting that font.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI'm get stuck at question 2 below. Got no idea! Anyone can give me some orientation? thanks \r\n \r\n \r\nA company wants to develop a program to manage their 12 cars \r\ndata about each car includes: \r\n-Car's ID: it is a string which has 3 characters \r\n-Car's status: its value is: \r\n+ 1 if the car is hiring by a customer \r\n+ 0 if the car hasn't been hired yet \r\n-Customer's name: It is a string which contains full name of customer who is hiring the car. \r\nIf the car hasn't been hired yet, the string shouldn't have a value \r\n \r\n \r\nQ1: Create a structure template that contains data of one car. Then use this template to \r\ndeclare an array of structures that stores data of all company's cars (12 cars) \r\n \r\nQ2: Create a function to assign the car's ID for 12 cars in the array of structures as the \r\nfollows: \r\n- the first car in the list should have the ID : "C01" \r\n- the second car in the list should have the ID : "C02" \r\n... \r\n- the last car in the list should have the ID : "C12"\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tForum policy on homework is that *you* need to post up what you've tried, in code, or pseudo code, and show or tell us, what the problem is. \r\n \r\nWhen you just say "I don't know", that's no help to us. We don't know why you don't know. \r\n \r\nWe're not here to do your homework for you. If you're not willing to try, we're not willing to help (with few exceptions). \r\n \r\nSo, post up what you have for your program, and tell us what's got you stumped.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat I don't know is just the algorithm, the way to do it. Because don't know the algorithm, I cannot write the code. Code for the Q1(I think it's easy, so didn't post it) : \r\n \r\n#include<stdio.h> \r\ntypedef struct car \r\n{ \r\n struct id; \r\n int status; \r\n char cus[20]; \r\n}car; \r\ncar list[12]; \r\n[/code]\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFinally find out the way I used nested structure \r\n \r\n
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#include<stdio.h>\r\n#include<conio.h>\r\nvoid assign_id(void);\r\nstruct id\r\n {\r\n char st;\r\n int nd;\r\n int rd;\r\n };\r\ntypedef struct car \r\n{\r\n struct id no;\r\n int status; \r\n char cus[20];\r\n}car;\r\ncar list[12];\r\nint main(void)\r\n{\r\n assign_id();\r\n getch();\r\n return 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\nvoid assign_id(void)\r\n{\r\n int i;\r\n for(i=0;i<9;i++)\r\n {\r\n list[i].no.st='C';\r\n list[i].no.nd=0;\r\n list[i].no.rd=i+1;\r\n }\r\n for(i=9;i<12;i++)\r\n {\r\n list[i].no.st='C';\r\n list[i].no.nd=1;\r\n list[i].no.rd=i-9;\r\n }\r\n for(i=0;i<12;i++)\r\n {\r\n printf("ID of car #%d: ",i+1);\r\n printf("%c%d%d\\n",list[i].no.st,list[i].no.nd,list[i].no.rd);\r\n }\r\n}
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\r\nI tried to type char st='C';(instead of red words above) so that I would'nt have to assign values by using for loop (as you see in the assign_id function). But there were some errors & warning: \r\n \r\n[Warning] no semicolon at end of struct or union \r\nsyntax error before '=' token \r\nsyntax error before '}' token \r\nfield `no' has incomplete type \r\n \r\nDid I forget any rules of declaring/assigning values? \r\n@Adak: Sorry for not posting anything. I just want to have some orientation, not the code (now I found it on my own, but is there any shorter way?) I'm a newbie and had no intention to break the law \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tand the Hat of Guessing\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYour struct id etc. is just defining a type; there are no variables created. You cannot initialize any of the fields of the variable until you actually define a variable.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by fenikkusu\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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Finally find out the way I used nested structure \r\n... \r\nbut is there any shorter way?
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IMHO you don't need a nested structure unless it's required of you and there's a shorter way by using a 4 char array as number of cars is limited to 12. \r\n
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#include <stdio.h>\r\n\r\nvoid assign_id(void);\r\n\r\ntypedef struct car \r\n{\r\n char st[4];\r\n int status; \r\n char cus[20];\r\n}car;\r\n\r\ncar list[12];\r\n\r\nint main(void)\r\n{\r\n assign_id();\r\n return 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\nvoid assign_id(void)\r\n{\r\n int i;\r\n\r\n for (i=0; i<12; i++)\r\n snprintf(list[i].st,sizeof list[i].st,"C%02d",i+1);\r\n\r\n for (i=0; i<12; i++)\r\n printf("ID of car #%d: %s\\n",i+1,list[i].st);\r\n}
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThank you all. But I have never heard about this function snprintf(list[i].st,sizeof list[i].st,"C%02d",i+1); Can you clarify it for me?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYou don't need nested structs, you don't need snprintf(), (whatever that is), which I would love to say is a special printf() function for printing out auto vin (serial) numbers, but you probably wouldn't laugh, anyway. \n \nYou need an array of structs, with various fields in them, and that's most of what you need. I can't believe you know how to define a struct, but not how to actually create one. \n \nPost your most current code, and we'll see what's up with it. The sooner the better. Back in a bit. \n \n30 minutes, and no response. Despite the "online now" footer, maybe you aren't here, after all. Another time, perhaps.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Adak; 01-07-2009 at 09:34 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI'm not sure I understand your idea. \r\nI just change snprintf into sprintf, and see that it also works (forgot that we have such a function to assign values to a string) \r\n
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#include <stdio.h>\r\n\r\nvoid assign_id(void);\r\n\r\ntypedef struct car \r\n{\r\n char id[3];\r\n int status; \r\n char cus[20];\r\n}car;\r\n\r\ncar list[12];\r\n\r\nint main(void)\r\n{\r\n assign_id();\r\n getch();\r\n return 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\nvoid assign_id(void)\r\n{\r\n int i;\r\n\r\n for (i=0; i<12; i++)\r\n sprintf(list[i].id,"C%02d",i+1);\r\n\r\n for (i=0; i<12; i++)\r\n printf("ID of car #%d: %s\\n",i+1,list[i].id);\r\n}
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMy idea was to see whether you had things sorted out or not, and if not, to suggest a struct that met your needs, without the complexity of a nested struct. \r\n \r\nLooks like you're set.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by fenikkusu\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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OMG! You are like my teacher, often make me confused and nervous (because i'm not really good at this subject)
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OMG! You are like my students, often make me confused and nervous (because i'm not really good at just what they need to be really good at this subject) \n \nj/k, I'm not a teacher. \n \nYour last post before mine was a question, so I didn't want to see your problem remain unresolved.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
I’m trying to create a small server/client tier architecture. You might think this should be posted under socket programming. But my question is of another kind. \r\nI have seen programs that are able to accept keyboard input – yet are able to work and throw output on the screen. My goal is to create a small dos based chat relay server as a start. \r\nHow would I accomplish this?
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\r\n\t\tSalem\r\n\t
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So do you really mean DOS, or do you mean that black rectangle in the middle of your screen which has a "C:\\>" prompt in it?
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haha, that little black box with the c:\\> is dos. Well an altered version of course from Microsoft called the command prompt. If it helps im using windows XP.
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\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally Posted by multielements\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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haha, that little black box with the c:\\> is dos. Well an altered version of course from Microsoft called the command prompt. If it helps im using windows XP.
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\r\nha ha... you're wrong...
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\r\n\t\tShakti\r\n\t
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My first thought would be multithreading but I dont know anything about that or networking, but read up on it to see if that is what you want.
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You are wanting to use asynchronous socket operations. What I think he/she is saying is that accept() is causing a block which is causing him/her to have a delay between when he/she can type and when he/she is ready to type. So off to google with ya, I'm too lazy to copy/paste from msdn.
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>My first thought would be multithreading but I dont know anything about that or networking, but read up on it to see if that is what you want. \r\n \r\nWell this will strictly depend on what you are planning on doing. A lot of programs make new threads for each individual client. Its always an option you can spend time thinking about.
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\r\n\t\tLuckY\r\n\t
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You can use a thread running as your receiver and have it check every interval if the socket is readible. If it is, you can receive data and process it accordingly. All of your sending can be done in a blocking manner. To illustrate: \r\n
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Something along those lines. Keep in mind, of course, that this is a very simplistic pseudocode view from the top of a really tall ladder and there are many other details that must be taken into consideration. But this is a general structure that should do the job for you.
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\r\n\t\tSalem\r\n\t
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> haha, that little black box with the c:\\> is dos. \r\nWrong - it's called a console. \r\n \r\nConsole programs are 32-bit (DOS was 16), have access to far more memory and a much wider set API calls.
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Poor old DOS. She's just an old lady sitting in her rocking chair waiting to die.
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multielements: \nYou can look into the function select(), that will tell you whether there's any clients waiting to connect, and if there are THEN you call accept() and it won't block. Otherwise, you could switch to asynchronous winsock of sorts. The same goes for recv(). \n \nAlso look into _kbhit(), it's a nonstandard function that lets you know if a key has been pressed, that way you don't have to wait while get() or getline() etc. blocks either.
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+ },
+ {
+ "url": "http://cboard.cprogramming.com/general-discussions/120445-compilers-yes-i-have-read-faq.html",
+ "domain": "cboard.cprogramming.com",
+ "file_source": "part-00214-d9b45f53-efdc-4ae8-a3e4-b1d5d9e13869-c000",
+ "content": "\r\n\r\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n \r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t Compilers...(yes, I have read the FAQ)\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlight is represented by a massless particle called a photon. Gravity will affect the partilce by altering its course, even though it has no mass (or relatively none). \r\n \r\nI think we must differentiate between light and time. If you travel a billion light years from earth at a billion light years/unit, time will appear to stand still on earth whilst you age, although life is still going on at normal speed on earth.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally posted by Aran \r\nlight is represented by a massless particle called a photon. Gravity will affect the partilce by altering its course, even though it has no mass (or relatively none). \r\n \r\n \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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i think current thinking is that photons are massless (even at the speed of light). if they had mass they couldn't travel at the speed of light. \r\nbut gravity ONLY affects mass, therefore should not bend light. \r\n \r\nthats why Hawking talks about mass distorting the "fabric of space" and thats a theory as to what gravity is. \r\nand then i'm lost !!!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAccording to general relativity, gravity is the cause that space is bowed positive or negative, so it does not directly affect light, but light follows space and so it seems gravity is affecting the light.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHeres something to wrap your minds around; A question i posed to a friend only a few days ago... It would take an infinite amount of energy to accelerate any amount of mass to light speed since as its speed increases, the amount of energy required to increase it further would also increase, i'm sure you all know this... Anyhow, (hypothetically obviously) what would the result be of having an infinite amount of energy? \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI don't know, perhaps go faster than light? I remember reading that it is impossible for a subject to be at speed of light, but it seems not (theoretically) impossible to be faster than light. \r\n \r\nRemember the Lorenz transformation for masses \r\n \r\nm = m0 / sqrt (1 - v^2/c^2) \r\n \r\nIf v = c, then a division by 0 would occur. But what if v > c? Then the square root of a negative number would be taking, resulting in a complex number. Though I don't know what a complex mass would be, having a real mass and an imaginary mass perhaps? \r\n \r\nCurrent motors use some kind of fuel to be able to work. If we need an infinite amount of energy, this would mean that we would need an infinte amount of fuel, that's impossible. \r\n \r\nSatellites traveling through space make use of the energy of the planets. A satellite nears a planet, makes use of its gravity and then is lanched by that planet because gravity losses grip. Then the next planet does the same. I do not know how this really works, but I read about it in a paper that they used this mechanism to get satellites to Mars.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally posted by shtarker No that is what the twins paradox is talking about. From the earth's frame of referance, the space ship is moving while they remain more or less stationary, causing the space ship to expirance time dilation. \r\nHowever from the space ship's point of view it is the earth moving away from them, causing a time dialtion in the earth's frame of referance. \r\nRelativity proves that both these observations are correct, thats where the paradox occurs.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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There's no paradox. In order to actually compare the times the twin has to turn around and go back to Earth, which means that you can't treat the two experiences as the same: when you use the time dilation equation you can define the Earth twin's frame as zero velocity throughout the whole period, but you can't do the same with the traveling twin because he has to accelerate mid-journey. So only one perspective is valid - that the traveling twin ages less.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>>I do not know how this really works, but I read about it in a paper that they used this mechanism to get satellites to Mars. \r\n \r\nIt’s called the sling shot effect and is actually an example of a perfectly elastic collision (one in which energy is conserved) so relativity has very little to do with it at all. \r\nIt helps to think of a simpler example, like a motor bike colliding with a semi trailer. When they collide the motor bike exerts a force on the semi trailer and the semi trailer exerts another force on the motor bike. Of course the force exerted by the semi trailer will be much larger than that from the motor bike and hence the motor bike will fly off in the opposite direction while the semi trailer will slow down a small amount. \r\nA similar interaction occurs between the planet and space probe. The gravity from the space probe exerts a weak force on the planet while the planet’s gravity exerts a huge force on the space probe. The space probe gets spun round and shot out much faster in the opposite direction and the planet loses an insignificantly small amount of momentum. \r\n \r\n \r\nAnd as to having an infinite amount of energy, I'm guessing that you would accelerate infinitely, causing you to go infinitely faster than the speed of light. However at that point as Shiro explaines, both time, your mass would first become infinite and your length 0. After that they all become functions of an imaginary number.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI may be a bit lost on this (never was real big into physics)... but if you travel away from the earth instantaneously at the speed of light for two years and instantaneously begin the return trip (so no acceleration comes into play) and it also takes you two years.... wouldn't that equal 4 years of time. \r\n \r\n4 years of time equals 4 years of time, no matter how you put it. Distance isn't an issue.... \r\n \r\nSo how could one person be younger or older? Four years of time passed no matter the speed of the earth's rotation, the speed of the traveller, or the size of the mole on his arse. \r\n \r\nI think this is one area where science delves into speculation.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>>>If you travel a billion light years from earth at a billion light years/unit \r\n \r\nOr how about a light second... \r\n \r\nLight travels 300Km per second if I remember correctly. So in five seconds, a traveller leaving the earth (with instantaneous acceleration) at the speed of light would travel a distance of 1500Km in five seconds. \r\n \r\nBring him back to earth and give him a speed of five times the speed of light (1500Km per second) which is a speed of 5 light seconds/unit. So he moves in one seconds time to a distance of 1500Km which passes light fivefold. He returns at the same rate... and two seconds have passed. Two seconds for him... and two seconds for everything else in the universe. \r\n \r\nWell?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWell I read the links.... guess it is real enough, but it still confuses me as to why. (Not so much so that I am going to change from programming to physics... lol)\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tThe book disputes Einstein’s time dilation concept and all so-called evidence supporting it. It re-establishes Newton’s absolute space-time, in which all motions can be accelerated or retarded, all physical objects can be bent or curved, but time cannot be dilated and space cannot be curved. By putting a first definition of time, it dismisses the myth associated with Einstein’s statement: “When an object moves, its time slows down.” No, it’s wrong. As long as an object moves in uniform motion, its time would never slow down. Time dilation only exists with those who cannot define what time is. If you know what time is, and that’s why Newton created absolute time, you would understand why the book dismisses completely Einstein’s time dilation concept which Kraus has described as “a major fallacy unique in scientific history.” \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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http://www.alphalink.com.au/~jdx/author.htm \r\n \r\nIf only this guy was a real scientist and had scientific proof... makes for an interesting argument though... \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tEinstein said time is relative, and time can be dilated by motion. Newton said time is absolute and time can never change, but only motion can. The point is, if we want to say Einstein is right, first we must prove Newton is wrong about time. Has anyone ever proved Newton is wrong about time? My answer is no. All so-called evidence thought to confirm Einstein’s time dilation, in fact only confirm Newton’s law that all motions can be changed due to forces, but time is still absolute. \r\n \r\nWe both stand at a room’s corner with two clocks showing the same time. I move one clock to the other end of the room, then give it a really hard shake, then bring it back to check its time with your clock, and it shows 7 minutes slower. Based on my walking speed of 5 km/hr, Einstein’s equation predicts my moving clock would show (say) 2 seconds slower than your stationery clock. All physicists say the result is close enough, therefore they conclude time dilation has been experimentally proved: when an object moves steadily, its time slows down according to Einstein’s equation. \r\n \r\nNow we repeat the same test again with my same movement inside the room at the same speed of 5 km/hr. But this time, not only I give the clock a harder shake, I even throw it to the ceiling fan, smash it many times on the floor, and bring it back, and it shows now 10 minutes faster (not slower). All physicists say, given of other factors, the result is still close enough, therefore they conclude time dilation has been experimentally proved: when an object moves steadily, its time slows down according to Einstein’s equation. \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Betazep; 03-29-2002 at 06:59 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>> However at that point as Shiro explaines, both time, your mass would first become infinite and your length 0 \r\n \r\nExactly my point. If your mass is infinite then you will require an infinite more amount of energy. \r\n \r\nEvaluate: \r\n
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I dont see a clear answer. The only conclusion i could draw is that you cant actually technically achieve the speed of light even with an infinite amount of energy. You could however come infinitly close... nit picky i know but therein lies the fun. \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t Does this mean that using common sense, (mass-energy conservation) we are led to abandon Einstein hypotheses? Is the universe simply mathematically flat? Therefore, all physical phenomena can be explained without space contraction and time dilation? \r\n A - Yes. Certainly. All experiments and observations can be explained without Einstein's hypotheses. Einstein's hypotheses are useless. There are only three dimensions in space. All matter in the universe evolves in time, just as explained by Newton. Then, we can say that the universe is mathematically flat. \r\n Let us recall that Einstein defines "Time" as what is shown on clocks. We have seen in the book: Einstein's Theory of Relativity versus Classical Mecanics (chapter two) that, due to mass-energy conservation, when potential or kinetic energies are absorbed by the particles (electrons) of the atoms, there is a real physical change of clock rate. Consequently, it is not acceptable to believe that "Time" really changes its rate, just because clocks run at a different rate. Using Newton's mechanics with the help of the de Broglie wavelengths of matter, we must examine all physics effects that can be explained realistically\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally posted by Betazep \r\nI may be a bit lost on this (never was real big into physics)... but if you travel away from the earth instantaneously at the speed of light for two years and instantaneously begin the return trip (so no acceleration comes into play) and it also takes you two years.... wouldn't that equal 4 years of time. \r\n \r\n4 years of time equals 4 years of time, no matter how you put it. Distance isn't an issue.... \r\n \r\nSo how could one person be younger or older? Four years of time passed no matter the speed of the earth's rotation, the speed of the traveller, or the size of the mole on his arse. \r\n \r\nI think this is one area where science delves into speculation.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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Not at all; this is about as well-understood a phenomenon as there is. How exactly are you going to turn around without accelerating? If you're changing your direction of motion you're accelerating; acceleration is change in velocity, NOT change in speed. \r\n \r\nIn any event, it's not like time dilation is just a wild unproven conjecture based on Einstein's postulates. It's quite easy to produce particles that travel at near light speed, and all their intrinsic processes appear to be slowed down. GPS satellites use relativity to maintain their accuracy. And dozens of other highly successful theories are structured on top of relativity. \r\n \r\n
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tLight travels 300Km per second if I remember correctly. So in five seconds, a traveller leaving the earth (with instantaneous acceleration) at the speed of light would travel a distance of 1500Km in five seconds. Bring him back to earth and give him a speed of five times the speed of light (1500Km per second) which is a speed of 5 light seconds/unit. So he moves in one seconds time to a distance of 1500Km which passes light fivefold. He returns at the same rate... and two seconds have passed. Two seconds for him... and two seconds for everything else in the universe.\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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The speed of light is actually about 300,000 km/s. \r\n \r\nThe calculation isn't that easy. In making relativistic calculations you have to specify whose reference frame we're talking about, and explain how this information is exchanged between reference frames. \r\n \r\nHere's how you would go about this problem if you want to make the absolute minimum number of assumptions. Suppose the traveler is moving at a very fast speed, constantly emitting light pulses. Because he coveres distance between each pulse, the interval between received pulses (on the planet) is longer than the inverval of emitted pulses (on the spacecraft). Say this ratio is 3:2. The traveler emits a pulse every 10 minutes. \r\n \r\nPulse 1 emitted at 10 min, recieved at 15 min. \r\nPulse 2 emitted at 20 min, recieved at 30 min. \r\nPulse 3 emitted at 30 min, recieved at 45 min. \r\n \r\nAt this pulse the spacecraft turns around and heads back. Now, since he's heading back, the relationship inverts to become 2:3.* \r\n \r\nPulse 3 emitted at 30 min, recieved at 45 min. \r\nPulse 4 emitted at 40 min, recieved at 52 min. \r\nPulse 5 emitted at 50 min, recieved at 58 min. \r\nPulse 6 emitted at 60 min, recieved at 65 min. \r\n \r\nAnd indeed there's a discrepancy. This is, of course, due to relativistic time dilation. \r\n \r\n \r\n* This is not arbitrary. This inversion relationship has to be true if, for example, two rocket ships traveling next to each other should be able to exhange information in the same way as two stationary observers.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
The getNormal(...) function returns a pointer which can be dereferenced and printed to the screen but not to file. Why is this?? The other commented out line "fileOut << temp << endl;" should also work in the same way but doesn't. Is it the overloaded operator or something else?
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04-20-2002
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oh yeah, and the fileOut variable has been declared like this, in case its useful: \r\n \r\n
A quick lookup of ostream on MSDN tells me that ostream is not used for files...instead that is an ofstream. You use the ostream in your overloaded function...which is associated with output to the screen. This is why you can print to the screen but not to a file.
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04-20-2002
\r\n\t\tTrojanGekko\r\n\t
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Whoops...wasn't signed in. O yeah...good tip is always to goto MSDN...it has the answers to most things if you know where to look. If you didn't know, a good shortcut is to highlight a word and hit F1...it will take you to the appropriate article in MSDN.
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04-20-2002
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I looked a little more, and it seems that fstream and ostream are deff not inherited from a common base class...so it looks like you have to overload the function again to take an ofstream object.
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04-20-2002
\r\n\t\tSorensen\r\n\t
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ostream is the base for ofstream - \r\n \r\ntemplate <class Elem, class Tr = char_traits<Elem> > \r\n class basic_ofstream : public basic_ostream<Elem, Tr> \r\n \r\nso that isn't the problem. From the code posted it's hard to say where the error is.
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04-21-2002
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What else can I post to give you a better idea? \r\n \r\nps I changed it to ofstream and now I am getting ambiguous symbol errors :(
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+ },
+ {
+ "url": "https://cboard.cprogramming.com/cplusplus-programming/127039-small-problem-rand.html",
+ "domain": "cboard.cprogramming.com",
+ "file_source": "part-00688-d9b45f53-efdc-4ae8-a3e4-b1d5d9e13869-c000",
+ "content": "\r\n\r\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n \r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t Small problem with rand()\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI made a small blackjack game as one of the programs I am going to demonstrate to my teacher at the end of the year. \r\nI am simply using a string with all the 52 cards, like this: \r\n
Then I am using rand() to pull out one random char from that string every time either you or the dealer picks a card. \r\n \r\nThis is working out alright, and the game works, however there is one slight problem. \r\n \r\nThe game pulls out the same cards every time you start the program. \r\nIn my case, your first hand will always be "J + 6". \r\nThe problem obviously lies in rand(). \r\nSo how to I fix this so you don't always start with the same cards? \r\nIt doesn't have to to be a "true random" generator. \r\nAs long as you don't always start with the same hand I'm happy with it. \r\n \r\nThanks in advance.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBut i don't think your cards-in-a-string implementation is correct, because there are 4 types of cards, remember? \r\n \r\nYou'll have to store their color ( black, red ) and their type ( Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs )\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Sipher\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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But i don't think your cards-in-a-string implementation is correct, because there are 4 types of cards, remember? \r\n \r\nYou'll have to store their color ( black, red ) and their type ( Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs )
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I don't think suit (type) or color are important for your basic game of Blackjack.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnyone here know about the GNU Lesser Public License? http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html \r\n \r\nI want to apply the LGPL to some of my (library) work, but despite pouring over it for over an hour, I'm still confused. I want others to use my work for commercial/proprietry applications. The agreement seems to make sense, except for: \r\n \r\n"6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or link a "work that uses the Library" with the Library to produce a work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications. " \r\n \r\nThis seems to be saying that in order for an application to use my work, the owner must (effectively) provide the source of their own application, so that user may modify it. This would be unacceptable in most proprietry applications. \r\n \r\nThe LGPL can't mean to say that? If so, I see few reasons for anyone to use LGPL over GPL. \r\n \r\nCan anyone help to clear this up for me?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI prefer the BSD license or MIT license. \r\n \r\nHere is a list of alternatives to the GPL: \r\nhttp://www.opensource.org/licenses/\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tC > C++ duders\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOld, but not good. Not if you want to be able to steer your work. Public domain allows people to take, modify, and privatize the modifications of, your code, as well as strongarm others into not being able to do the same if they are successful. \r\n \r\nThe pure GPL is the best theoretically, but if you want people to be able to use your software for proprietary source applications you will need the LGPL or some other OSI license. \r\n \r\nThe modification / reverse engineering clause of the LGPL is not about requiring open source. It basically means that the company cannot say "Here is our product, and you can only use it in a manner consistant with the labelling. Any use of it beyond what we tell you its uses are is forbidden." Such clauses are, unfortunately, all too common in proprietary source software. The LGPL prevents such a clause from being affixed to any product linked against an LGPL'ed library.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally posted by Davros \r\n"6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or link a "work that uses the Library" with the Library to produce a work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications. " \r\n \r\nThis seems to be saying that in order for an application to use my work, the owner must (effectively) provide the source of their own application, so that user may modify it. This would be unacceptable in most proprietry applications. \r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t
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not quite; read it again. if they make modifications to your library or integrate it with their program then they must release source. if they just use the library as is, they dont have to.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThanks for the replies. \r\n \r\n>not quite; read it again. \r\n \r\nOK. Done that. In the end, it comes down to what is refered to by the term 'The Work'. Is this my library, or it the application which uses the library? \r\n \r\n>if they just use the library as is, they dont have to. \r\n \r\nI can't see that. Or at least it isn't clear. But this would be what I want.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI'd like my programs to work for both a windows operating system and a mac. I know that it can not be done in a function but I want to do somehing like \r\n \r\nIf (mac) \r\n #include 'mac.h' \r\nelse \r\n #inlcude 'win.h' \r\n \r\nI'm sure it can't be that simple, but that's the effect I'd like it to have. That way if I wanted a clear screen function, I'd make one with clrscr (); and one with system ("CLS"); put each in the correct header file then later on just type clearscreen (); and it would call the appropriate function depending on which header was included. I hope that made sence. I pretty much want to make two identical header files but they each have platform specific commands. During compile time, my source file should determine what platform it's being compiled on and #include the appropriate header file. I don't know anyway of doing this. Help is appreciated. \r\nSteve O.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tactually it is that simple \r\n \r\nyou use these and check for definitions that comilers put in. \r\nthe MSVC uses WIN32 to define a windows program. I'm not sure for other OSs though. Look for the preprocessor definitions for your compiler. \r\n \r\n#ifdef \r\n#ifndef \r\n#if defined() \r\n#else \r\n#endif \r\n \r\nlike this \r\n \r\n#ifdef WIN32 \r\n// include windows header \r\n#else \r\n// headers of other OSs \r\n#endif\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThanks, some things are just too obvious to realize. Like when I spent an hour making a function that does the exact same thing as one already defined in iostream. Sounds simple enough, if I have any problems with it I'll be back. \r\nSteve O.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\thello, having an anoying problem here, wrote a code wich copy's \r\nmy programs exe into a directory in program files (and renames \r\nthe exe) after this the exe is added to the registry and the \r\nprogram starts, the problem is that after reboot the program \r\ndoes not work properly.. i think this is cuz of an error, the first \r\nthing it does it try to copy itself to program files but since \r\nits already there and the file is already renamed... \r\nis there an if error ... command i could use or is there a "option" \r\nonly to run this piece of code once, ( i tried if \r\n( (_access( "path", 0 )) != -1 ) but did not get far.. \r\nthanx \r\nthis is the piece of code that runs at the beginning and \r\ncopy's the exe into program files : \r\n
Ive been pondering... \r\nI really like linux, but I also really like my video games. \r\n \r\nSo I was thinking about doing a dual boot. \r\n \r\nIf I decide to I will have to create a partition on my hard drive (It will be non destructable.). Last time I did this I didnt like it because it booted into linux by default and I had to pick to go into windows. \r\n \r\nI want it the other way, is this possible? I it to boot into windows by default and make me have to choose to boot into linux. \r\n \r\nOr maybe linux isnt worht the hassle? \r\n \r\nEDIT: \r\nFrom you personal experience as programmers/computer literate people, do you find linux to have great advantages. I was also wondering what distro you favored and why.
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09-06-2004
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its very easy to change the default boot, but its highly dependant on the boot loader. if your using grub for example, you just open up /boot/grub/grub.conf and change the default value to whatever you want. \r\n \r\nI use Fedora Core 2. Its a nice easy distro to get started with and comes with lots of great/common packages.
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09-06-2004
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You wouldnt happen to know of a free program that would partition a NTFS drive would ya?
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09-07-2004
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Windows can do it from the command line...but I don't think it can do it to the active drive...so, just use the linux install cd of your choice distro (I like mandrake and suse the best) to resize the ntfs partition. They all come with partition managers that run during the installation process.
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+ },
+ {
+ "url": "https://cboard.cprogramming.com/windows-programming/101327-why-create-dll-gcc-mingw-creates-dll-so-extension-printable-thread.html",
+ "domain": "cboard.cprogramming.com",
+ "file_source": "part-00688-d9b45f53-efdc-4ae8-a3e4-b1d5d9e13869-c000",
+ "content": "\r\n\r\n\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t Why create DLL with GCC/MinGW creates it with ".dll.so" extension?\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n
Why create DLL with GCC/MinGW creates it with ".dll.so" extension?
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When I create a shared library with g++, it doesn't create a dll but a dll with ".so" at the end. Anyone know why this is? Can i just remove the ".so" extension or is it a diff. format? How do I get it to truly be ".dll"? \r\n \r\nEXAMPLE: \r\n \r\ngcc -shared -o Test.dll -c test.cpp \r\n \r\ncreates: \r\n \r\n"libTest.dll.so" \r\n \r\nSo it prepends with "lib" and appends ".so"
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04-03-2008
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It doesn't on my machine. What version of gcc-mingw are you using? \r\n \r\n-- \r\nMats
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04-05-2008
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\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally Posted by matsp\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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It doesn't on my machine. What version of gcc-mingw are you using? \r\n \r\n-- \r\nMats
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I finally got it to work. I was using Ant (and cc task). But the weird thing is I can only get it to work with gcc not g++. I had to add the settings "--kill-at" and "-oMYLib.dll" in the linker tag (wouldn't work anywhere else). Weird. \r\n \r\nThanks for the reply!
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+ },
+ {
+ "url": "https://cboard.cprogramming.com/general-discussions/128745-why-do-you-aspire-program-c.html",
+ "domain": "cboard.cprogramming.com",
+ "file_source": "part-00248-d9b45f53-efdc-4ae8-a3e4-b1d5d9e13869-c000",
+ "content": "\r\n\r\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n \r\n\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t Why do you (or aspire to) program in C?\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYou, personally. \r\n \r\nMe personally, I think I was born in the wrong point in history for computers. A couple of years ago I was an English major and that was my path. I somehow got to tinkering around with my wife's old palm pilot (m100) and seeing how much you could get squeeze out of that tiny 2mb device, and that snowballed into my fullblown journey towards a computing career. \r\n \r\nAlong the way, I've satisfied my newfound techno-lust with documentaries and reading, and nothing quite does it for me like the scene from late 70's to 90's where you had this resourceful people hacking away, ingeniously unlocking the potential of hardware that would be infantile by today's standards. C, of course, is kind iconic of that era where resourcefulness and fine detail work was not optional. I think I'm nolstalgic for that kind of experience, not to mention that someday I do plan to make some c-based programs to toy with on my ancient palm someday. \r\n \r\nOthers? Is it purely a hobby? Is it part of your work? Just fascinated like me?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn mechanical engineering issues you still have to program with c because the ressources of electronic control units (for exampe within automobiles) are in a similar way limited as the hardware you were talking of. So that would be an example for a non-hobby appliance. ;-)\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Adak\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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io.h certainly IS included in some modern compilers. It is no longer part of the standard for C, but it is nevertheless, included in the very latest Pelles C versions.
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by Salem\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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You mean it's included as a crutch to help ancient programmers limp along without them having to relearn too much. \r\n \r\nOutside of your DOS world, your header file is meaningless.
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGeneralizing that into embedded programming, yes. Specific (usually non-Intel) processor, memory measured in KB instead of GB... it all adds up to fun. \n \nI like C because it's the only language that I feel I have a total handle on. I can write C++ and Java code, but I always feel that although perfectly valid it's not using all the little constructs built into the language. C is sufficiently lightweight that you can get experience using all statements in less time. \n \nIt's also worth noting that many of the modern web languages (PHP, Ruby) were built from C and thus code written in them could be boiled down to it. It would be hefty, but it would still run as fast. \n \nAs we seem to keep saying, C is not dead. It's just that for most concepts you will find it easier expressing them in C++/Java/whatever than writing everything out in C.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by wildcard_seven\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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You, personally. \r\n \r\nMe personally, I think I was born in the wrong point in history for computers. A couple of years ago I was an English major and that was my path. I somehow got to tinkering around with my wife's old palm pilot (m100) and seeing how much you could get squeeze out of that tiny 2mb device, and that snowballed into my fullblown journey towards a computing career. \r\n \r\nAlong the way, I've satisfied my newfound techno-lust with documentaries and reading, and nothing quite does it for me like the scene from late 70's to 90's where you had this resourceful people hacking away, ingeniously unlocking the potential of hardware that would be infantile by today's standards. C, of course, is kind iconic of that era where resourcefulness and fine detail work was not optional. I think I'm nolstalgic for that kind of experience, not to mention that someday I do plan to make some c-based programs to toy with on my ancient palm someday. \r\n \r\nOthers? Is it purely a hobby? Is it part of your work? Just fascinated like me?
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I program in MUMPS(aka M), a language that makes C look new and cutting-edge :P though that's for my job. I learned C as my first programming language, back in the 90s.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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It's a hobby. \nI'm fashinated. \nI was a professional programmer some 30 years ago [COBOL - PL1]. \nI'm still enjoying it a lot. \n \nTake care. \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by frktons; 07-25-2010 at 01:09 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI was recently working on a project (just for fun / a learning exercise - but I really wanted to make it high-quality) that required the ability to work on a lot of extremely large numbers. I started using a JVM-based language (Clojure, in case you care) that made a lot of the project much easier to complete. I had convinced myself that the JIT-compiler's optimizing (which would certainly be better than mine), the fast development time, the portability, and the big standard libraries would be a huge advantage. I really enjoyed the new language, but I had barely started on the project when I saw that working with Java's "BigInteger" class would be massively slow. I started comparing it to GMP, both in my own benchmarks and research online, and it was quickly apparent that the JVM was a very long way from even competing with this library (We're talking about a factor of 100 times slower). \n \nSo the moral of the story is: GMP is written in C and uses a lot of optimized assembler. It can be used in language like PHP and Python, but the simple fact is - even when using an extremely high performance computer, I have definitely found that there are times when your code needs to squeeze out every ounce of performance. Those times will become more and more specialized over time, but I don't think they will ever disappear. My Dad works on mainframes, and still has the same mindset you describe. Cutting down development time is important, but the ultimate goal is 100% reliability and maximum speed. \n \nSo to answer your question, I aspire to work on the same kind of things you describe. Right now I'm a Flex developer, and my job really doesn't interest me that much (despite being a good job). Once I'm done with school, all the things I envision myself doing involve working on systems that still push the boundaries of their hardware. I rarely get excited about languages that make development easier, or things like that.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGreat posts. I guess since we are all here, I shouldn't feel that weird...but sometimes I look at myself and go, "What are you doing, Mike? Don't you know the way of the world is C## and Mega-Java 3.0?" \n \nlulz\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI like tearing stuff apart. \nwhen I was young I would always try to rip plants apart to see how they work. Then I got into computers and started getting good at flying through the windows operating system. Then I learned so much about how to do stuff on windows that people would be asking stuff thats second nature to me. One day I went onto youtube and I saw a video that said how to watch youtube at school. Who doesn't want to watch youtube at school. But I clicked it and it brought me to a .bat file tutorial (didn't work). I started doing stuff with .bat files then I got interested in video editing which went on for a while then I wanted to program for real. thats when I went to youtube to thenewbostons videos. The C tutorials only go to 15 so I have been teaching my self ever since.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(Future) Career: C with OpenGL. \r\nHobby: making 2D games and Computer Troubleshooting. \r\n \r\noh well, Computer Troubleshootings is also a hobby for me! it think that began \r\nwhen by computer got a failure and always restarted from loading windows, \r\nthats when i started (literally) ripping my PC apart to fix the problem... as for \r\nC and OpenGL, the Speed of C is closed to assembly and OpenGL is LowLevel. \r\nso C and OpenGL are a good combination.... (atleast for me).\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI learned C and then C++ in the early 90's used them both for everything, then got a job and used C# and the .NET framework more often than not. But now at my current job we have a huge code base that was C and has some C++ thrown into it, working on that code base is the only time I really use C/C++ on a regular basis, although every now and then I will dabble in some C and openGL but not that often since I have almost not free time anymore, everything else at work is all in C#\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tonce I needed a resistor who's conductance was controlled by an externally applied voltage. I was going to use this to do automatic gain control for a type of compression effect. \r\n \r\nI asked my advisor at the time, and he didn't know immediately. I scratched my head for a few weeks, and then one day realized that what I wanted was a transistor... \r\n \r\nso... I was born fifty, sixty years too late... dang...\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI have a program which connects to a database for a company, and it needs to be able to print invoices etc. I would like to be able to design the template for the invoices and other documents it will produce in MS word, and have the program add the data from the database to the document, and then print it. I've seen programs that use word in this way before, and it might also allow the user to modify the template easily themselves without inventing my own word processor. It doesnt have to be word, but if not it needs to be free software to distribute with my app. \r\n \r\nThe alternative is designing all my documents using GDI code, which would be very time consuming and impossible to edit by the user. \r\n \r\nAny advice is appreciated. \r\n \r\nEDIT:--Can an admin / moderator please move this thread to the windows forum, I posted in the wrong place, sorry .\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by Robert602; 04-16-2002 at 02:14 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFinally, after a week of programming, this program is finished (for now). There are a lot of improvements that still need to happen. This is just the first release. I will change things in the future if someone wants me to. Also, if you have a suggestion, please let me know. I have made a future feature list (can be found in "Instructions"). \r\n \r\nThe object is to score more runs in 5 innings than the computer does. In order to score runs, you must enter a number between 1 and 100. The difference between your guess and the randomly choosen number, determines what your player does. I know some things are not humanly possible like hitting grand slams with back to back hitters, but this program allows you to do this. I have also included a batting chart, which shows what your player will do if the difference is in that range. The computers score will be randomly generated. Well, enough of the talking, let's play some baseball. \r\n \r\nDownload It Here (Updated V.01) \r\n \r\nP.S. Remeber the "Const Char to Char Error" thread. Well, that string is used in this program when the computers score is randomly generated and outputted as the game notes. You'll see what I'm talking about.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLast edited by stickman; 08-29-2004 at 10:01 PM.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI tried it but don't know if it's working right since I don't know the rules of baseball. \r\nHowever, it looks cool tho, the whole thing overall. The input checking needs to be fixed; it crashes when I input letter instead of digit. Also it does not over to play again after the game is over. \r\nKeep it up!\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t Originally Posted by alphaoide\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
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I tried it but don't know if it's working right since I don't know the rules of baseball. \r\nHowever, it looks cool tho, the whole thing overall. The input checking needs to be fixed; it crashes when I input letter instead of digit. Also it does not over to play again after the game is over. \r\nKeep it up!
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Thanks for the feedback. The input does crash, but you are supposed to input the number that is next to the team you want. It is a little confusing. I forgot to add the play again after it's over. Adding right now and will update post.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Thanks for the feedback. The input does crash, but you are supposed to input the number that is next to the team you want. It is a little confusing. I forgot to add the play again after it's over. Adding right now and will update post.
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*Never* trust user input. \r\nI did know what to input, btw \r\n \r\nEDIT: You might want to attach the source code as well 'cause people around here don't trust you, or in fact anyone\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFixed a few things making it more realistic, still has some bugs, but it's better than before. I'm now at v.03 and changed the filename so you can't use the link above and its impossible to edit my post so use this link: \r\n \r\nBaseball v.03\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThat game isnt too bad, the glitches (as far as I can see) have been fixed, the game's sound, not bad, keep up the good work, and thanks for the source, its given me a few good little tricks that might come in handy \r\n \r\nsound program, im liking it... \r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHi everybody. I was wondering if there is a way in C++ to have debug messages, and the ability to turn them off. For example, lets say I would like my program to have two modes. One mode is the mode where all the debug messages are printed, and another where they are not. Is it possible to do through the compiler? Ie to choose whether to compile the program with the debug info? I looked some stuff on google, and found some strange way in Visual C++. How about g++? Example would be great too. Thanks in advance.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUse the macro "NDEBUG" to indicate when something is a release build... so for example... \n \n
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThank you. So I can just do #define NDEBUG in my main file, and then all the code between #ifndef and #endif will be deactivated?\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tand the hat of int overfl\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t> So I can just do #define NDEBUG in my main file, and then all the code between #ifndef and #endif will be deactivated? \nIt is the standard macro name for this kind of thing, so your IDE should automatically declare it in the release build.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Apologies if this is really obvious but I have tried a google search for an answer but can't seem to find one. \r\n \r\nWhat I essentially want to do is define a class say MainApp, which would control the program execution with a set of methods such as MainApp::draw(), MainApp::update() and MainApp::resize() which would draw and handle mouse and keyboard input and changes to the window. I've only ever set up OpenGL using the glutDisplayFunc(display), glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard), and glutReshapeFunc(reshape) functions in main() and don't know how to move these into class methods? \r\n \r\nI did find some frameworks available but they seemed to be more functions to control OpenGL and not a class in their own right. \r\nAny help would be much appreciated.
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Not quite sure what you are getting at but i would offer FLTK - It provides a good context for openGL / GLUT with the ability to subclass the library's built in GL support, basically you can roll your own, check the docs to see if it is what you are looking for.
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It sounds more like you need something like SFML, which you can see in action in this tutorial. \n \nIt's a 2D game engine, built over top of OpenGL.
> "Fred, i fixed my laptop but its still not working" \r\nBetter yet...my most favorite one. \r\n \r\n"Fred, I don't know anything about computers but all I know is I want a better one than everyone else." - I laughed so hard. \r\n \r\n> don't know how to get the pretty cards back up. \r\nI wouldn't be able to charge somebody for something like that. I'd show em how to do that. No, I wouldn't give out answers and fail my business or whatever, but I'd find a fine-line as to what gets charged alot for, or what gets charged small for. (Or maybe, charging for one thing, but throwing in one for free). \r\n \r\nI mean, they just want to be entertained! They just want to have fun and play their games! I couldn't sit there and rip them off for that. :(
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"Fred, i think i killed the motherboard...and the fatherboard too."
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What really bugs me is stupid, rich people. They have the money to get really nice computers, peripherals, etc. while I have to try to make due with what I have. The best computers, software, etc. should go to those who can make the most use out of them.
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yeah, but how are you gonna do that? \r\n \r\nSituation: Computer store... \r\n \r\nYOU: Hi, I'd like that new, super fast computer over there. \r\nSTORE: OK, that'll be $4000, thanks \r\nYOU: I dont think you understand. I can make really good use of this computer \r\nSTORE: ...
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12-14-2002
\r\n\t\twindoze victim\r\n\t
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Or the ever-popular one done by a reletive of my: \r\n \r\nUncle: "The cupholder wasnt strong enough. Will you replace it?" \r\nNephew: "What cupholder?" \r\nUncle: "The one that pops out of the computer" \r\nNephew: "The cd drive?" \r\nUncle: "What is a cd drive?" \r\n \r\nThis did happen to a relative of mine.
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12-15-2002
\r\n\t\tjoshdick\r\n\t
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Quote:
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\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\tOriginally posted by face_master \r\nyeah, but how are you gonna do that? \r\n \r\nSituation: Computer store... \r\n \r\nYOU: Hi, I'd like that new, super fast computer over there. \r\nSTORE: OK, that'll be $4000, thanks \r\nYOU: I dont think you understand. I can make really good use of this computer\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t
\r\n
Here's how I'd like a similar situation to pan out. \r\n \r\nRich, dumb dude: Hi, I'd like the best computer money can buy. \r\nStore: What are you going to use it for? \r\nRich, dumb dude: Word processing mostly. Also, for Minesweeper and maybe some web browsing. \r\nStore: You mean you're not going to program or develop web pages or further your education? \r\nRich, dumb dude: Well. . .no. \r\nStore: Do you know anything at all about how to maximize the capabilities of this caliber of computer? \r\nRich, dumb dude: Um. . .no. I have a wad of cash, though. \r\nStore: Sorry, you're far to stupid to own a computer like this. Allow me to show you this lovely gem. It has a 200Mhz processor and 10Mb of memory—more than enough for all of your needs. However, it will still cost you just as much as that really nice computer over there. The extra money you'll be paying will go to supporting a young, promising computer science major who wishes to further his education. \r\n \r\nAh, what a world that would be. Socialism that favors the intelligent.
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12-16-2002
\r\n\t\thostensteffa\r\n\t
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yes, it's called job security.
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12-16-2002
\r\n\t\twindoze victim\r\n\t
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And, the stores have this thing about making a profit. wierd.
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12-16-2002
\r\n\t\tFountain\r\n\t
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>Here's how I'd like a similar situation to pan out. \r\n \r\nRich, dumb dude: Hi, I'd like the best computer money can buy. \r\nStore: What are you going to use it for? \r\nRich, dumb dude: Word processing mostly. Also, for Minesweeper and maybe some web browsing. \r\nStore: You mean you're not going to program or develop web pages or further your education? \r\nRich, dumb dude: Well. . .no. \r\nStore: Do you know anything at all about how to maximize the capabilities of this caliber of computer? \r\nRich, dumb dude: Um. . .no. I have a wad of cash, though.< \r\n \r\nNOW THIS IS BETTER! \r\n \r\nStore: Nice one my friend, exactly how much cash you got? \r\nStore: I'll take what I can. Thank You
I have a fair idea of double pointers. Please will you tell me what exactly is the need of using a double pointer to head here in this code? node * head would have sufficed I believe.
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01-25-2013
\r\n\t\tlaserlight\r\n\t
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Consider this line: \n
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Code:
\r\n\t*head = ptr;\r\n
suppose head was a node* instead of a node**. How would you rewrite the above line to reflect this, and then what would happen (or not happen)?
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01-25-2013
\r\n\t\tPrateek Sarkar\r\n\t
\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t
\r\n\t\t
What does a *node_name hold? Since a node is a structure of multiple data types, what does *node_name fetch? I know int *c, *c would fetch the integer stored at address pointed to by c.
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01-25-2013
\r\n\t\twhiteflags\r\n\t
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\r\n\t\t
So you have a pointer named ptr, right. Now imagine you did this: \n \nnode **head = &ptr; \n \nNow *head == ptr. Does this help? It should make sense to you that a pointer is also stored in a location with a memory address.
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01-25-2013
\r\n\t\tPrateek Sarkar\r\n\t
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\r\n\t\t
Why exactly do we need double pointers as arguments here? Can't the same be achieved without it? Eg. instead of what you suggested, \n \nnode * head = &ptr; \n head== ptr; \n \nworks the same way, or don't they? Please explain.
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01-25-2013
\r\n\t\tstd10093\r\n\t
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Why don't you run it to found out yourself what is happening? ;)
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01-25-2013
\r\n\t\twhiteflags\r\n\t
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Quote:
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\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\tWhy exactly do we need double pointers as arguments here?\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t
\r\n
A pointer is declared by naming the thing it points to followed by an asterisk (*). If the pointer points to a pointer then the type of that is a "double pointer". \n \nIf you tried to compile: \n \nnode *head = &ptr; \n \nyou should get at least a warning. The location being assigned and the object being assigned are not the same type.
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01-25-2013
\r\n\t\tTclausex\r\n\t
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Quote:
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\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally Posted by Prateek Sarkar\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
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Please will you tell me what exactly is the need of using a double pointer to head here in this code? node * head would have sufficed I believe.
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t
\r\n
'node * head' would not suffice. You are modifying 'head' within your insert() function, so as with everything you wish to modify directly from within a function, you need a pointer to it. Since it exists as 'node *head' back in main() or wherever, it's address will be passed as a double pointer to node. \n \nIf you were inserting the node at the tail, it would be a different story, but you are inserting at the head and therefore your entry point into the linked list must be modified. Imagine if it weren't.
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01-25-2013
\r\n\t\tiMalc\r\n\t
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Quote:
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\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t\tOriginally Posted by Prateek Sarkar\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t
\r\n\t\t\t
Why exactly do we need double pointers as arguments here? Can't the same be achieved without it?
\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t
\r\n
No. \n \nAre you familar with pass-by-value vs pass-by-pointer? One reason you pass by pointer is if you want to modify the value, as modifying the argument when passed by value has no effect outside of the function. \nNow consider what happens if the thing you want to modify is itself a pointer... You have to pass that pointer by pointer! I.e. double-pointer.
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01-25-2013
\r\n\t\tnonpuz\r\n\t
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It's called a pointer-to-pointer not a "double pointer" which implies pointing to 2 places at once and is impossible in C. Also that name makes it more clear the function in this case
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01-25-2013
\r\n\t\tiMalc\r\n\t
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Yes indeed. I should have tried to correct the use of terminology rather than using what term the poster was familar with.
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02-24-2013
\r\n\t\tPrateek Sarkar\r\n\t
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\r\n\t\t
Thanks a lot everyone. :)
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\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n\n\r\n"
+ }
+]
\ No newline at end of file
![\"C](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/head/cprog.png\")
\r\n![\"View](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/buttons/viewpost.gif\")
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\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t![\"vart's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar23154_2.gif\" "\\"vart's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"Quote\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/misc/quote_icon.png\"){kind=icon}
Originally Posted by vart\r\n\t\t\t\t\t![\"View](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/buttons/viewpost-right.png\")
![\"subscribe](\"https://www.feedburner.com/fb/images/pub/feed-icon16x16.png\")
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/smilies/wink.png\" "\\"Wink\\"")
) until I've gotten my documentation up to date, because I've changed TONS of stuff.![\"Angry\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/icons/icon8.png\"){kind=icon}
Problem with chars and char arrays\r\n\t\t\t\t![\"Dohojar's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar2624_2.gif\" "\\"Dohojar's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/smilies/biggrin.png\" "\\"Big")
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Music on a program\r\n\t\t\t\t![\"jmd15's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar14135_2.gif\" "\\"jmd15's"){kind=avatar}
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"nvoigt's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar12_2.gif\" "\\"nvoigt's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"MK27's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar32121_10.gif\" "\\"MK27's"){kind=avatar}
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/smilies/frown.png\" "\\"Frown\\"")
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t![\"ginoitalo's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar1776_2.gif\" "\\"ginoitalo's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/smilies/cool.png\" "\\"Cool\\"")
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"Talking\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/icons/icon10.png\"){kind=icon}
C++ Global Keyboard Hook\r\n\t\t\t\t![\"VirtualAce's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar85_4.gif\" "\\"VirtualAce's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"The](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar10903_2.gif\" "\\"The"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"Lightbulb\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/icons/icon3.png\"){kind=icon}
#include<windows.h>\r\n\t\t\t\t![\"cboard_member's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar15754_2.gif\" "\\"cboard_member's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"Sentral's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar15205_2.gif\" "\\"Sentral's"){kind=avatar}
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/smilies/rolleyes.png\" "\\"Roll")
CornedBee![\"Mario](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar20539_5.gif\" "\\"Mario"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"C_Coder's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar974_2.gif\" "\\"C_Coder's"){kind=avatar}
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"TravisS's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar4141_2.gif\" "\\"TravisS's"){kind=avatar}
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/smilies/confused.png\" "\\"Confused\\"")
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"Matus's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar30056_2.gif\" "\\"Matus's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"Unhappy\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/icons/icon9.png\"){kind=icon}
Sequential Filenames?\r\n\t\t\t\t![\"goran's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar366_2.gif\" "\\"goran's"){kind=avatar}
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"Red](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/icons/icon11.png\"){kind=icon}
reply\r\n\t\t\t\t![\"n3v's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar19478_2.gif\" "\\"n3v's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"Perspective's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar6391_2.gif\" "\\"Perspective's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"slingerland3g's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar29194_2.gif\" "\\"slingerland3g's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"BEN10's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar32070_2.gif\" "\\"BEN10's"){kind=avatar}
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"Polymorphic](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar5846_2.gif\" "\\"Polymorphic"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"frenchfry164's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar1002_2.gif\" "\\"frenchfry164's"){kind=avatar}
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"Nippashish's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar4908_2.gif\" "\\"Nippashish's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"master5001's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar54_2.gif\" "\\"master5001's"){kind=avatar}
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"Betazep's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar11_2.gif\" "\\"Betazep's"){kind=avatar}
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"Smile\"](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/images/icons/icon7.png\"){kind=icon}
\r\n\t\t\t\t![\"xniinja's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar44570_4.gif\" "\\"xniinja's"){kind=avatar}
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\r\n\t\t\t![\"alphaoide's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar8663_2.gif\" "\\"alphaoide's"){kind=avatar}
\r\n\t\t\t![\"Finchie_88's](\"https://cboard.cprogramming.com/customavatars/avatar11924_2.gif\" "\\"Finchie_88's"){kind=avatar}
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